Document re803K8Y7dKe1Ezapd5vOjE7G

Single Dip Double Duty A hot-dip solder operation is accom plishing several things at once for The Whitlock Mfg. Co. of West Hartford, Connecticut. The company recently added finned heat transfer tubing to its product line and found that a molten lead-tin bath was the answer to two big problems. A quick and economical means was needed to bond fins to the tubing, and at the same time they wanted to give the entire assembly a corrosion resistant coating. Corrosion resistance was desired because finned heat trans#ar tubing is widely used for cooling corrosive fur nace gases and in heat exchangers for chemical plants, power stations and other often severe environments. The finned tubing is made by spiral ing a thin metal ribbon on edge around pipe or tubing of various kinds and sizes. Of course the solder-dip proves ideal for permanently bonding fin to pipe. In addition to this double bonus, R. 0. Morse of WTitlock points out that the lead bath offers other advan tages too. For instance, the high heat conductivity of lead means that the lead-tin coating will allow heat to pass on through the fins without giving an '`insulator" effect. One indication of this is the fact that Whitlock's finned tubing increases radiation from 4 to 10 times that of bare pipe. One of the problems that had to be solved before production could begin, however, was to design and build a good furnace that would rapidly melt 5 tons of lead-tin pigs. Since the bath is needed only at irregular intervals, not on a continuous basis, a rapid firing automatic gas furnace was se. lected. It is capable of heating the solder to 700F in two hours. The tank measures 21 ft. long by 20 in. wide by 1 ft. deep, and holds 250 solder 40-lb. pigs with ease. Tubes for the finned heat transfer tubing are made of a w ide variety of materials: steel, stainless, copper, or copper-nickel. Fins are made from copper, steel or stainless steel. Since the edge of the fin where it comes into contact with the tube is corrugated (see detail drawing above) the Whitlock tubes give superior per formance over smooth fins. This is due to greater turbulence at the cool ing surface caused by the crimps, and also because the crimps put more metal where it is needed to conduct heat from tube to wall. V V. * / 4 One event of the rodeo was a bullfight where the matador was pitted against a nimble, but not-too-feroeious bull. UNION ELECTRIC BOLDS 0 BATTERY TRUCE RODEO Late this fall Union Electric Com pany of St. Louis held a rodeo for batterv powered plant trucks. The cor ral was their own all electric Dorsett Warehouse and a city-fellow caterer supplied the chuck wagon and acted as wrangler for the 750 guests. In place of mustangs, cow ponies, and brahma bulls there was an array of 60 workhorse electric trucks. Most of the guests were so impressed with the performance of the steeds that some good old fashioned horsetrading took place and more than one battery pow ered truck had a new brand on its flank after the show. In addition to reviving a good old American tradition, this rodeo served two other purposes: it showed poten tial users first-hand evidence of the advantages and economies of electric vehicles, and it helped to develop a new market for Union Electric Com pany's product, power. The guests had a chance to see for themselves that lead-acid battery pow ered trucks have a minimum of moving parts, thus low maintenance require ments. The utility pointed out, too, that electric power is more of a bar gain than ever -- it has not been part of the general inflationary movement which has carried maintenance labor, parts, and other expenses of compet ing trucks to as much as two or three times the pre-war figure. Savings in using electric trucks are so great that it is not at all unusual to pay off the difference betw een first cost of an elec tric and first cost of any other truck in the first year or so.* From Union Electric's point of view, each electric truck is a desirable con sumer of electric power. In the first place most of the battery charging is done at night when electrical loads are low. In the second, the hefty mus cle power of a typical two-ton fork truck develops an appetite for elec tric power comparable to that of elec tric space heating in a typical home. The two-ton truck, for example, uses electric power at the same rate as 48 100-watt light bulbs. tn the best tradition of rodeos, much of the interest was in looking over the horseflesh at the stables. `Savings will, of course, vary with job conditions. To check out this state ment for your particular requirements, send for a copy of "Industrial Trucks... What Do They Cost?", available from lead Industries Assn., Inc. --3-- L 1 ^263 3 o The symmetry and apparent sim material. In the west where gophers mately quarter-mile lengths on 7 ft plicity of this new transcontinental gnaw on anything, a steel tape is diameter cable reels and shipped tt telephone cable is misleading. It is, wrapped between the lead sheath and various installation locations. in fact, one of the most complex tele outer polyethylene covering. In the field the cable is laid in a phone cables made today. When the Every 24 hours huge machines at 4 foot deep trench and selected fill is 3700 miles of this network with its 959 the Baltimore Works of Western Elec put around it as a cushion against repeater stations and 9 switching cen tric Company turn out nine miles of damage by coarse back fill materials. ters is put into operation in late 1964 this special cable. This is Western Two special copper wires are installed it will be capable of handling some Electric's only plant producing the above the cable to provide additional 9.000 conversations simultaneously or coaxial cable for long distance tele shielding against lightning damage. 12 TV programs and 3,900 telephone phone circuits, and the product is In addition to the more than five conversations. manufactured on highly automated and one-half million feet of polv- The cable is specially designed for lines. Included are 100-ft. long strand ethylene and lead sheathed coaxial a dual function: (11 it will be the ing machines that form the coaxial cable, the Baltimore Works annually I "central nervous system" of a coast- units into a cable core which is sub completes several million linear feet to-coast telephone cable network and sequently jacketed and armored if of lead sheathed toll and exchange It (2 I being a buried cable it will help necessarv to form a completed cable cable. The combined total of all cable : I assure continued communications in that measures about 2Y to 4 in. in manufactured represents several bil the event of a nuclear attack on the diameter, depending on the outer jack lion conductor feet of wire each year. United States. eting and armor specifications. At Baltimore the manufacture of Normally the cable will serve as Finished cable is wound in approxi lead covered cable requires the pur- part of the nation's vast and growing telephone network. As this complex of buried cables stretches across the con tinent, it must be as secure as possible NOW and against damage in the many different environments it encounters. Such max imum protection and reliability is achieved by encasing the 12 coaxial conductors and core of conventional w ire conductors in a multiple sheath consisting of polyethylene lead and polyethylene combined with other pro tective coverings where required. In damp areas where corrosion may be a problem, lead's physical protec tion qualities are enhanced by an outer covering of polyethylene. Over the I basic polyethylene and lead sheathing a covering of steel wire armor may be I used in areas where this extra protec tion is needed to prevent damage by rock, boulders or water borne abrasive ! .1 The 100-ft. long machine for stranding coaxial telephone cable. Reels of individual coaxial lines are ready for use in the foreground. This is one stage of the highly automated production line. -- 4-- LIA26331 cable project uses some 75.000.000 lb of lead, 11.000.000 lb of polyethyl ene plastic, 30.000.000 lb of copper, 15.000.000 lb of steel and 7,000,000 lb of paper. The materials employed in lead polyeth\lene cables are combined to attain built-in mechanical and elec trical characteristics according to the type of service and environmental con ditions that exist. In the case of the new telephone cable the purpose is primarily to transmit information at voice and carrier frequencies during an expected life upwards of 30 years. The mechanical characteristics needed for this rugged cable include resistance to environmental heat, cold, wind, lightning, moisture, sunlight damage bv rodents, insects and work men. These desirable characteristics are affected by factors of cost, con venience of manufacture, installation and joining. The evolution of lead sheathed and other telephone cables goes back to about 1878 when Alexander Graham Bell in a talk in London stated "It is conceivable that cables of telephone wires could be laid underground, or suspended overhead, communicating w ith private dwellings, country houses, shops, etc., uniting them all with a central office where the wire would be connected as desired, establishing di rect communication between any two places in the city." About tw o years later his prediction became a fact when wires enclosed in THEN "Heave-ho" as in tug-of-war was the way they used to pull cable cores through lead pipes. Lead presses which automatically sheath the wires in lead made this method obsolete shortly before 1900. The first insulation in these cables was gutta-percha or rubber. It was soon discovered that these materials were not suitable for land telephone use. In 1881 the Western Electric Com pany began the manufacture of lead covered cable. The selection of lead as the cable sheathing material was dictated primarily by the physical re quirements, notably its adaptability to extrusion and its corrosion-resistant properties. By today's standards these properties are still significant. In early lead covered cables the electrical insulation was sisal and cot ton which was impregnated to prevent the entrance of moisture. A significant development during this period was the introduction of strip paper insu lation which became the dominant material for many years. The insu lated wire was drawn through succes sive lengths of lead pipe previously extruded and laid out in straight pieces, the different lengths being joined together by plumbers' joints. During the period between 1881 and 1920 many changes were made to im prove cable quality and increase pro duction. In addition to improvement in insulation, extrusion presses were redesigned so that the lead alloy sheath could be extruded directly on the cable core, eliminating the timeconsuming and laborious task of pull ing cable through a pre-extruded pipe. These lead covered telephone cables take on many outward appearances depending on the functional and en vironmental conditions under which they will be expected to operate main---(TOt. fnr many years. LIA26332 s an illustration of the ease of using lead for weight look at the builder's sketches f how he cost keel weights for a small sloop. A one-gallon antifreeze can was cut own the middle and lined with aluminum foil (to prevent sticking). Pouring in two iches of lead resulted In a 20-pound half-round weight. Pairs of these were bolted n opposite sides of the keel for a streamlined surface. To fair the ends of the weight ack to the structure, he simply tilted the can and poured four weights which apered from 2 inches to nothing. (Reprinted courtesy of National Fisherman, Camden, Maine.) A,. SK ten people to tell you some thing about lead and nine of them will sav, "It's heavy." Actually it's dense-- and there's a difference -- but their point is well taken. There are an even dozen metals denser than lead: gold, iridium, mercury, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, tanta lum, thallium, thorium, and tungsten. .eod is why dolly closes her eyes when you lay her down. So long as cost is a consideration there's not much chance that lead will ever lose the fishing sinker market. Lead's density of 11.3 (to 11.4 de pending on whether it's cast or rolled, what alloying elements are present in small quantities, and so forth) grams This pup has a well-balanced head or. shoulders. The lead counterweight and ho and-eye support cause him to bob his hea and peer around whenever he's touched moved. per cc figures out to 707 pounds per cubic foot. In terms of things you lift every day, a coffee cup would bold five or six pounds of lead -- think of that during your next coffee break. one with a blowtorch or a gas burner. And molten lead for weighting can be put into "waste space" -- corners and Lead as weight is used in so many pockets of the item to be treated -- or ways that no collection of informa cast around projections or into keys tion like this one could hope to list so that no fastening or finishing is re them all or point out the interesting quired. methods and wrinkles that have been If you have weighty problems of worked out over the years. Most of your own, Lead Industries Associa these tricks depend on one of two tion, Inc. would like to help. Lead's properties of lead that make it easy to density has been used, one wav or an use for weighting. First, as sheet, lead other, since at least the time of Archi is easy to work. It can be cut, stamped, medes. LIA hasn't all the answers but punched, bent and easily fitted or fas its staff has worked with weights from tened in place. Second, in bulk, lead is tons to tenths of ounces. You can write easy to melt. The temperature of 620F required is within reach of anv. with details of your problem for techu-i- --6-- LI A263 33 installing a lead telluride thermoelectric element in the thulium-170 generator. o objects shown here are prototype and produc efiions of lead weights for oceanographic use. .caller was made by machining a five-pound calce fling lead. The groove has an enlarged circular along its root to engage a small pipe carrying nive and triggering mechanisms to the bottom, i" the idea was proved out, five pounds was found * o trifle light in strong currents. In the production an a twenty-pound bar with the same groove pat s cast and cut as needed into six and seven pound 'ts. Casting was designed and produced by Paraco a Is, Inc., Elmhurst, N. Y. I LEAD) THULIUM) Partners in space-age power TELLURIUM) A new model thermoelectric gener ator for supplying electricity to small space satellites or solid state electronic equipment uses lead telluride elements to convert heat from radioactive thu lium to electricity. The conceptual design of the ther moelectric device has been assembled and successfully tested by engineers of General Electric Company's Special Purpose Nuclear Systems Operation and the Vallecitos Atomic Laboratory. Pencil-sized thermocouple modules, each containing its own heat source and thermoelectric elements are con nected in series and installed in an in sulated container. Each of the pencil modules in the generator consists of two lead tellu ride thermoelectric elements with an encapsulated thulium-170 heat source in the middle. The temperature drop along the lead telluride produces elec trical current. Lead telluride was used because it is the most efficient con verter of heat to electricity at low temperatures. Special instruments are used to measure the temperatures and electri cal output. During initial tests, the generator produced a power output of 1/2 watt. Tests are continuing to eval uate the long-term performance. Development of the thermoelectric generator was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force which is interested in find ing a reliable means of providing small but continuous amounts of elec trical power primarily for aerospace applications. This small generator. General Electric says, could also be used to power underwater naviga tional beacons and other remote un attended devices needing small power supplies. Isotopes other than thulium- 1-70-------------1___L-----------J LIA2633A Cobo Hall in Detroit is one of the largest exhibition buildings in the world. It covers 12 acres and contains 1.633.000 square feet of usable space in its three floors. Its water and sewer system are large enough to serve a city of 70.000 inhabitants and its air conditioning system is equivalent to 7.000 window air conditioners. Good planning in a building this size demands more than vastness. At tention to detail is one of the hall marks of good architecture and just as important as the staggering statis tics at Cobo Hall, For example, in a building like this, with a maximum length of as much as 900 feet, the monotony of endless cor ridors must be avoided or relieved. Devices to do this mav take the form of changes in materials, areas or spots of color, built-in points of interest to focus attention or to divert it. One of these devices, used in a main corridor by the architects Giffels & Rossetti of Detroit, is a combined pool and plant box. It serves to mark the transition between the Convention Arena and the Exhibition Hall. The pool itself is in the form of an almost complete circle, partially en gaged at the wall. The planter is at tached to the pool and runs parallel to the wall (photograph I. Although the function of each is different, the need for completely waterproofing both is essential since they are located directly over an air conditioning equipment room. The architects chose lead as the most reliable form of waterproofing and made it an integral part of both the pool and the associ ated plant box. The pool itself, as a decorative ele ment. was finished inside and out with tile. In this case the lead was used as an underlayment. In the case of the planter however, which would be filled with earth and plantings, there was no need to cover the lead lining with fin ish materials. In both cases 4 lb. soft lead sheet was used and all joints were burned. The accompanying section illustrates how the components were combined into a single decorative unit which, along with the not inconsiderable help of Carl Milles' bronze sculpture "Sun Glitter." forms an extremely attractive display. HS Denison show here "flying" at 60 knots QUIETING THE DENISON Hydrofoil vessels are not a new idea, but prior to the NS Denison noth ing of her size and scope was seriously contemplated in this country. The craft is over 117 feet long, 23 feet abeam, weighs 95 tons and travels at better than 60 knots I 70 mph I. Surface piercing foils located on each side of the hull carry 85 f'c of the Denison's weight while a fully sub merged tail foil carries the balance. Rough water operation is enhanced by a 5 foot clearance between the keel and the normal water surface when the boat foilborne. Power is supplied by a big gas turbine engine not unlike those used to power jet airliners. Because she was originally designed as a test \ehicle. the Denison's interior had to be slightly modified when it was decided that the craft would also be used for demonstration purposes. The prime task was to furnish a com partment within the hull to accommo date 12 passengers. The compartment had to be comfortable and quiet. This meant that the roar of the huge turbine had to be subdued. The passenger compartment is lo cated well forward, below the pilot house. The aft bulkhead of the com partment is finished on the inside with glass fiber drapery hanging free of the surface. The forward face of the bulkhead is perforated sheet alumi num which retains a glass fiber batt two inches thick. This is supported, in turn, by the after face of the bulkhead, a sheet of 0.060 aluminum stiffened with vertical Z-bars. On the noise source side the facing is a leaded vinyl flexible sheet weighing 0.48 pounds per square foot and spaced Vi" off the bulkhead face. In all, the bulkhead measures about 21x8 feet and takes only three inches of space to the face of the drapes. The combination of toughness with soft flexibility in the vinyl sheet has made it possible to seal the sheet to the hull with cement and seal it tightly around piping which must pass through the bulkhead. Both of these locations, if left unsealed, could pass enough sound to make the cabin quite noisv. The leaded vinyl is a coated fabric which has ample strength to support itself and resist wear and tear. It is fastened to the bulkhead by bolts, through one-quarter-inch washers, on 4 ' 4' - i- , ^ -3 (* - '4,** * ***''* 4'-'^ tv **7 LIA26336 4 two-foot centers. By spacing the sheet away from the rigid bulkhead surface, Grumman en gineers have assured themselves of ob taining the most efficient performance possible! Mass and limpness are two of the key factors in blocking noise transmission and this method of sup port permits the limp-mass of the high density barrier to exert itself. Among the other soundproofing measures taken was use of a false deck floating on vibration isolators within the compartment, the use of sound ab sorbent materials within the compart ment, and careful sealing of cracks and gaps with lead-loaded vinyl strip. The lead-loaded vinyl fabric, Coustifab. is 0.030 inches thick and con tains powdered metallic lead dispersed in a vinyl binder. The base side is a pre-coated woven glass fabric which is coated with the lead vinyl, and then topcoated w ith a tough gray vinyl fin ish-coat. It is one of a number of standard weights, colors, and grades of Coustifab produced by the Cordo Division of Ferro Corporation, 34 Smith Street, Norwalk, Conn. Not only have Grumman people been pleased with the results of their soundproofing, they have had many favorable comments from visitors. Some of them have said the cabin is quieter than the cabins of jet airliners -- a real accomplishment considering the close proximity of the engine. Grumman engineers give much of the credit to the leaded vinyl sheeting. Soft lead tubes blast holes in steel Short- sections cut from the ex truded lead tubes show the explo sive filling in its characteristic "shaped charge." Small diameter lead tubes filled with explosive are now being used for cut ting sheet steel, separating stages in space vehicles, for controlled destruc tion of missiles and for conducting completely confined explosive detona tion signals. The explosive-loaded tubes have a V-groove on one side. When this grooved face is placed down on the metal to be severed and the explosive is detonated, the blast pressure focused by the sides of the groove cuts the metal. This "shaped charge" principle was widely used in World War II for armor piercing projectiles. These ex plosive loaded lead tubes or Flexible Linear Shaped Charge (FLSC) are designed and manufactured by The Ensign-Bickford Co.. Simsbury, Con necticut. Lead was selected for the shaped charge primarily because of the ease with which it can be cold worked. Lead is more ductile than other avail able metals and, particularly important when working with explosives, it does not heat up significantly during form ing. Its flexibility and chemical stab ility are also advantageous, according to Ensign-Bickford. In applications where total confine- These are the actual sixes of the sections shown in ihe photo. ment of the detonation signal is de sired. such as aerospace installations an explosive loaded lead wire is em. ployed. A low density material such as polyurethane foam fits around the wire and the entire structure is en cased in a strong housing of Fiberglas/phenolic laminate or metal to complete the confining structure. Terne Accents Church Design .-jSjtK A striking tower roofed with terne metal is the focal point of this award winning church in Lansing, Illinois. Architect Edward D. Dart's design uses the converging lines of three walls and the ascending line of the roof to direct the eye to the chancel directly beneath the tower. Walls of the church are pink tan brick. The architect took advantage of the adaptability of the terne metal, produced by Follansbee Steel Corporation, Follansbee, West Virginia, to specify that the terne roof be painted a harmonizing olive brown. In ad dition, the roof's standing seam construction provide* and shadow effects. LI A26337 OcUU It SftcCi,.. a&aut dleacC ivnet, foiled again! This glowing, ani mated. scribbling monster, called the "Corrodent,'' demonstrates the futility of corrosives' attack on lead. The frus trated monster, clawing away at a lead sheet was probably the most pop ular feature of the Lead Industries Association exhibit at the recent Chem ical Industries Show. flit hottest thing in transformers is this LVDT or linear variable differential trans former. It is not the type used on power lines or with toy trains but a sensitive measuring instrument cap able of detecting movements of only millionths of an inch. Instrument en gineers make good use of its hair splitting accuracy by coupling it to pressure, temperature, or other pri mary detectors to convert their outputs to precise electrical signals. Made by Schaevitz Engineering of Pennsauken. N. J. This particular transformer has been tested for 10 hours at a blister ing 1200CF and is still accurate. In CHANGE OF ADDRESS OR NEW READER Use this side of the coupon if you have recently changed your address or if you would like to be added to the mailing list for LEAD order to operate in such hot spots (the service rating suggests 450 to 1000F -- not exactly chilly), the windings to copper as thin as 0.005 in. The de velopers, Composite Industrial Metals, Inc., Providence, R.I., claim that many other metals can be coated with lead, tin or their alloys for use in auto mated and induction heated joining operations. _______ New wrinkle in cathodic protection for ships has been developed in Germany. In addition to conventional lead anodes for impressed current the system uses a zinc reference anode. Current be tween the zinc anode and hull de termine the current fed to the lead. I are made of wire which is insulated with leaded porcelain. Sufficiently flexible to permit handling and wind ing, the wire is then heat-treated to produce a continuous glass coating which offers good electrical resistance at high temperature and is not subject to oxidation or breakdown in normal operation -- even in intense radiation (3.5 x 1020 NVT). Secon Metals Corp., of White Plains, New York produces the wire. New woy of cladding copper with leod pro vides extremely heavy solder coats on copper and other metals. Tin solders as heavy as 0.04 in. have been applied How High? If a typical lead-acid auto motive battery were fully charged and used to run a perfectly efficient hoist (without friction or weight other than the battery), how high would it be able to raise itself? a) 3000 feet b) 2 miles c) to the moon d) 7.5 miles j3MSue parroo aip si p -- isiuiqdo 3[qBinouc u e a^noA `o parawsue nox j j Thirty Years Ago A silent propulsion unit for rowboats and canoes powered by lead-acid bat teries was described in a 1933 issue of l e a d . The unit was said to be able to drive an ordinary boat at either two miles an hour or four. It was sim ple enough for a child to operate and was somewhat portable at 38 lb. Trim lightweight units descended from this development are still propelling suc cessful bass fishermen for silent troll ing along the shoreline today. r CHANGE OF ADDRESS ADD ME TO YOUR MAILING LIST (please circle one) PLEASE CHECK INTEREST From___________ Name, title Company Street City, zone, state To_______________ Name, title Company Architectural & building Design Engineer Ceramics Radiation Other (please speci ST LI A26338 tea Lujjjujviijii/ -U-1- ILIBRARY OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION ujj ujj vjjjl u Th following publications ore avoilable free of charge unless otherwise noted. Send request to th, LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, 292 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 17, N. y NEW LISTINGS Lead wall reduces noise Materials of construction reviews Removable walls with lead lining Effectiveness of partition construction in re Transducers for ultrasonics Two-page reprint describing demountable ducing noise is described and evaluated. Corrosion data -- lead & alloys walls that utilize lead to make them sound barriers. Isolation of buildings from vibrations Silver anniversary roofs Methods of lining lead tanks Cutting press vibrations Soldering and soldering alloys Detailed survey of solders including types, design considerations, forms and shapes and materials characteristics. Eight page reprint. Building construction bulletins 2. Specifications--lead shower and safe pans 3. Specifications--chemical laboratory drain age systems. Nuclear materials Radiation protection Four page reprint describes shielding require ments for pipe or duct through wall openings New data on low temperature enam els for steel Five-page reprint from "Journal of the Amer ican Chemical Society" that examines the role of lead molybdate as an opacifier in lowtemperature porcelain enamels. GENERAL Discovering the beauty of lead Lead work for modern plumbing $2 postpaid, $1.50 per copy in orders of 10 or more. Profusely illustrated 164 page text present ing clearly to the plumbing student the nec essary tools, procedures and methods. Lead plumbing Seamless terne for roofing Thermal expansion data -- lead com pounds, two papers I, II Pb0-Fe203 Phase Relations Dielectric behavior of Pb-, Ba-, Srhafnate systems Six page reprint of use in the investigation of ferroelectric materials. New uses for ieod Design engineering data I ! BATTERIES i Electric delivery trucks Sheet lead for roofing and flashing Lead as a concrete filler Lead-asbestos antivibration pads Permanent color for lightweight block Lead to control sound and vibration Anodes for ship protection Lead glazes for brick New class of lead-base alloys Truck costs in a jiffy Three nomographs for estimating costs of gas or battery powered industrial trucks. ENGINEERING Lead sheathing for power cable Continuous extrusion press for cable sheathing The choice of battery systems 24-page design guide for lead sheathed power cable. Evaluates sheathing subject to FINISHES CONSTRUCTION various stresses, environments and loads. Decorative finishes for lead Pools and planters Transformer noise reduction Red lead based paint systems Description and design details of seven mod ern lead lined pools and planters. Eight pages. Design, construction details of close-fitting mass-law enclosure for transformers. Ten pages. Properties and compositions for 24 formula tions and systems for a wide variety of uses and exposures. 31 pages. UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS. Reproduced by letterpress from lead type. n PRINTED IN U.S.A. PUBLISHERS PRINTING -- ROGERS KELLOGG CORP LONG ISLAND CITY 1, N. Y. Mail toi Lead Industries Assn., Inc., 292 Madison Ave., New York 17, N. Y. I Name, Title i' ;I Company Street City, Zone, State Please send_____ TO REQUEST A LIA26339 i