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SC-ASHVE-003 CODE of ETHICS for ENGINEERS ENGINEERING work has become an increasingly important factor in the progress of civilization and in the welfare of the community. The engineering profession is held responsible for the planning, construc tion and operation of such work and is entitled to the position and authority which will enable it to discharge this responsibility and to render effective service to humanity. 9 That the dignity of their chosen profession may be maintained, it is the duty of all engineers to conduct themselves according to the principles of the following Code of Ethics: 1*--The engineer will carry on his professional work in a spirit of fairness to employees and contractors, fidelity to clients and employers! loyalty - to his country and devotion to high ideals of courtesy and personal honor. 2--He will refrain from associating himself with or allowing the use of his name by an enterprise of questionable character. 8--He will advertise only in a dignified manner, being careful to avoid misleading statements. *. 4-- He will regard as confidential any information obtained by him as to the business affairs and technical methods or processes of a client or employer. 5-- He will inform a client or employer of any business connections, interests or affiliations which might influence his judgment or impair the disinterested quality of his services. 6-- He will refrain from using any improper or questionable methods of soliciting professional work and will decline to pay or to accept com missions for securing such work. 7-- He will accept compensation, financial or otherwise, for a particular service, from one source only, except with the full knowledge and consent of all interested parties. 8-- He will not use unfair means to win professional advancement or to injure the chances of another engineer to secure and hold employment. 9-- He will cooperate in upbuilding the engineering profession by exchang ing general information and experience with his fellow engineers and students of engineering and also by contributing to work of engineering societies, schools of applied science and the technical press. 10--He will interest himself in the public welfare in behalf of which he will be ready to apply his special knowledge, skill and training for the use and benefit of mankind. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide 1924-25 Containing Reference and Desicn Data Useful in the Planning and Construction of Modern Heating and Ventilating Installations -- Prepared from the Society's Transactions--Investigations of Its Research Laboratory--and the Practice of Its Members Together with A CATALOG AND REFERENCE DATA SECTION CONTAINING ESSENTIAL AND RELIABLE FACTS CONCERNING MODERN EQUIPMENT AND THE ROLL OF MEMBERSHIP OF THE SOCIETY V0I.3 $3.00 Per Volume 934127 Published Annually by American Society of Heating and Ventilating . Engineers 29 West 39TH Street New York wmm . Copyright, 1924 BY American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers - Printed and Bound by The Horn-Shafer Company BALTIMORE MARYLAND :OfV 2.0.0 . PREFACE N an effort to render a greater service to the science of heating and I ventilating than heretofore, this, the third annual edition of THE GUIDE, has been increased in size and usefulness by the addition of many important technical subjects and by improving the character of manufacturers' catalog data. While desiring to provide the engineer, architect, contractor, estimator, purchasing agent and draftsman with a complete, convenient and re liable reference data book on modern heating and ventilating practice and equipment, the Guide Publication Committee finds that as progress is made in the industry, changes will be necessary and each GUIDE will represent the best known engineering practice at the time of publication. As in the case of the first edition issued in 1922 and the second edition published in 1923 the new GUIDE has been compiled with the idea of assisting the engineer, architect and contractor in designing and producing the most effective installations for heating and ventilating various types of buildings. This third edition is designated THE GUIDE 1924-25 as it is the judgment of the Guide Publication Committee that this later appearance in the year permits more effective handling of the work and fits in more advantageously with the Society's meetings and has the additional value of reaching the users at a most logical time. Future editions are to be designated 1925-26, etc. The Technical Data have been amplified by additions to both the Heating and Ventilation Sections. The Code for Testing Low Pressure Heating Boilers, Pumps for Heating and Ventilating Service, Oil Burning, and Pipe Sizes for Water Service Lines are new features in the Heating Section while new data are given on Infiltration, Capacities of Steam Heating Risers and Hot Water Heating. . For the Ventilation Section, new chapters outline the present status of the science, give facts about Air Washers, Duct Design, the Pitot Tube and additional data on the Comfort Zone and Effective Temperatures as i' well as a complete revision of the Ventilator Chapter. } In every case the various chapters are the product of several Specialists ! and revisions have generally been made by the original authors. Other 1 publications of the Society have been drawn upon for some material and credit has been given in each case. Great care has been taken to maintain a logical arrangement of data in order that it may be most useful. Briefly the points covered are: Con sideration of the required system, the figuring of heat losses, choice of proper equipment for heating by steam, hot water or warm-air with il'i various fuels, automatic heat control systems, ventilation, air condition ing, exhaust and collecting systems and other related facts that must be considered in the design and installation of a modern Heating and Ventilating Plant. 'In connection with an enlarged Catalog Data Section, whereby manu facturers may inform engineers, architects and contractors of the most modern equipment available, a list of products made by the users of Catalog Data Pages is offered as a helpful supplement to this section, affording an accurate Index of the Modern Equipment available. As in the case of both the First and Second Editions all Catalog Data have been carefully edited in an effort to eliminate exaggerated statements or , . claims. An endeavor has been made to secure line drawings and engineer ing data from users of Catalog Data space rather than photographic reproductions and general statements for it is believed that data of this character is of greatest interest and of most value to engineers, archi- , tects and contractors who use THE GUIDE as a reference volume and to the Manufacturers who wish to helpfully present facts about their Equipment. .. The endeavor has been made to materially improve this Third Edition of THE GUIDE from the suggestions of its Users and it is believed that this enthusiastic cooperation from the Profession at large has resulted in making THE GUIDE the standard reference work in our field, thereby performing a needed and valuable service in the advancement of the science. . The American Society of Heating and Ventilating 'Engineers having for its. purpose the advancement of the arts and sciences in its fields dedicates this volume to the service of the Industry and hopes that a closer contact between the maker and user of equipment will result in improved service to the country at large. Any funds which may accrue from this activity will be devoted to Research, and will thus react to the mutual advantage of the entire Profession and Trade. THE GUIDE, for 1924-25, is released with the sincere hope that it will again perform a worth-while service in advancing the ideals of modern Heating and Ventilating. , Guide Publication Committee f. d. mensing, Chairman J. ESTEN BOLLING C. V. HAYNES PERRY WEST Qontents ! .'Code of Ethics ' Preface j . . Heating Section............................................... Page Insert 1-164 * I ; , . 1 5 `I ^ f. v j[ H | Chapter I. Heat Losses from Buildings................. 3 Chapter II. Heating by Radiation........................................ :................................ 23 Chapter III. Pipe Sizes for Steam Heating.........--.................................................... 39 Chapter IV. Pipe Sizes for Steam with Counter Flow ofCondensate................. 51 Chapter V. The Boiler.....................................v........................................................ 57 Chapter VI. Code for Testing Low-Pressure Steam Heating Boilers......... :...... 65 Chapter VII. Pumps for Heating and Ventilating Equipment.............................. 75 Chapter VIII. Hot Water Heating............................... 97 Chapter IX. Warm-Air Furnace Heating............ ........ 113 Chapter X. Oil Fuel for Industrial and Domestic Heating................................. 125 . Chapter XI. Gas Heating.........................................................,........................... ...... 131 Chapter XII. . Automatic Heat Control....................................................................... 137 Chapter XIII. Insulation............. ;................................................................................... 143 Chapter XIV. Pipe.......................................................................... ................................. 151 Chapter XV. Pipe Sizes for Water Supply Service............ ...................................... 161 iv S Hi t * j r- . u | * `j . e . ,j ! Ventilation Section........................................... 165-234 Chapter XVI. Ventilation................................................. .......................... :................. 165 Chapter XVII. How to Use the Synthetic Air Chart........................ 167 Chapter XVIII. How Temperature, Humidity and AirMotion Affect Human Comfort................................................................................................ . 175 Chapter XIX. Air Washers and Filters............................................... ........................ 187 Chapter XX. Air Conditioning........................................... ....... .................................. 191 Chapter XXL Design and Construction of Air Ducts........ .................. 197 Chapter XXII. How to Use the Pitot Tube............. ............................................ 202 Chapter XXIII. Exhaust and Collecting Systems......................................................... 207 Chapter XXIV. Refrigeration................................. 219 .Chapter XXV. Ventilators and Natural Ventilation................j....................:........... 227 Catalog Data Section........ .............................. 235-458 Manufacturers' Catalog Data...................................................................................... 235 Index to Modern Equipment............................................................................................ 446 Index to Advertisers............................................................. ........... .................... .............. 456 . Roll of Membership............. .................................... 1-52 Officers and Council--1924........................................................ .'. :........................... 2 S' Officers of Local Chapters--1924-25................ ............................. ........................... 4 Alphabetical List................................................................................................................. 5 u Summary of Membership................. >........................................... ....................................... 39 i Geographical List......................................................................................................... 40 Past Officers.............................................................. ..................... .........;.......................... 49 Q American Society of Heating and Ventilatin Engineers Guide 1924-25 PART I HEATING INTRODUCTION IN an effort to establish a more uniform practice in the design of heating systems and the installation of the necessary equipment by engineers, architects and contractors, the Society has undertaken the compilation of the most practical information available on the subject and for this data has drawn upon the experience of its members, the results of its Research Laboratory investigations, reports Of its technical committees, the Transactions and other reliable sources. Each step in the planning of a heating installation is logically taken up, consideration being given to heat loss, heating apparatus, the piping system and all other items that go to make up a successful system for heating any type of building whether it is a home, factory, school, church or other public building and no matter what the fuel or climate. Examples are given in connection with the text, tables and illustrations so that the procedure is clearly, set forth and the results to be expected from the use of the rules given will be in accord with the best engineering.practice. PARTIES RESPONSIBLE FOR. HEATING PLANT PERFORMANCE \ It is well to first determine the responsibilities of the three parties upon whom the successful performance of the heating plant depends before setting forth the various factors that must be considered in the proper design of a heating plant. The parties primarily responsible for the performance of the heating plant are the owner, the heating con tractor, and the boiler manufacturer. The owner is held responsible for the acts of his agents, such as the consulting engineer and the archi tect, also the builder. The owner is responsible: first, for the proper construction of the building, according to the plans and specifications furnished to the heat ing contractor; second, for the proper construction of a smoke tight chimney, having at least the minimum dimensions and height to produce the required quantity of draft as recommended by the boiler 1 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 manufacturer; third, for the quality and kind of fuel furnished; fourth, for the proper design of the heating plant when designed by a con sulting engineer; fifth, for the proper operation of the plant according to the instructions of the heating contractor and the boiler manufacturer. The heating contractor is responsible: first, for the proper construction of the heating plant in a good workmanlike manner according to the plans and specifications; second, for the proper design of the heating plant when designed under his own directions. The boiler manufacturer is responsible: first, for the proper rating of the boiler; second, for the proper performance of the boiler when operated under standard conditions as to the conditions of the boiler, quantity of draft, kind and quality of fuel, methods of firing and opera tion, and proper functioning of piping system. . If any one of these nine basic .requirements for the successful per formance of a heating plant is below par, it is enough to cause failure of a heating plant that otherwise would be a success. A heating plant like a chain is no stronger than its weakest link. 2 Chapter I HEAT LOSSES FROM BUILDINGS STRIKING A HEAT BALANCE THE engineer designing a heating system must strike a balance between the output of heat loss from the building and the input of heat from the heat producing boiler or furnace. The output falls under two main classifications: infiltration and transmission; and in some cases in the group heating of buildings from line losses. The proper input depends upon the proper size and type of heat distributing units, such as radiators or registers, the proper design or sizes of ducts, piping and other apparatus, and the proper capacity and type of boiler or furnace installed, and with proper and intelligent operating conditions an efficient performance should result. The total heat the heating apparatus must furnish includes the total heat loss plus a heating up factor when the building is to be heated periodically with unheated period in between. The heating up factor is determined by the rate at which the initial heat is required to raise the temperature of the cold building or buildings and their contents to a desired degree in a given time. ' This heating up factor is often added to the infiltration losses and expressed in terms of air changes. The number of air changes per hour which will occur in a room, building or group of buildings depends upon the build ing construction, exposure, number and type of windows, doors, open fire places, vent registers, and the air admitted by opening and closing doors, and other openings. Heat loss by transmission is essentially the way in which solid materials transfer heat and is therefore essential that the insulating value of all materials used in building construction be known to the heating engineer that he may calculate the heat loss through these materials when heating rooms or buildings. The rates of this transmission of heat is given in the form of transmission constants and are generally figured for a degree difference between inside and outside temperature. The heating engineer is confronted with the problem of generating and transmitting heat in a building or group of buildings and delivering that heat to the point or points from which it escapes to the outer atmos phere in quantities equal to the heat loss to the outer atmosphere. Before going any further, it is proper at this time to say that heat for heating systems is produced at the present time by combustion, that is, such materials as wood, coal and oil are combined with the oxygen of the air into various chemical combinations. Material for this section was especially prepared for The Guide by P. J. Dougherty, W. L. Durand, W: H. Driscoll and C. V. Haynes. New Infiltration Data by F. C. Houghten. .3 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Fig. 2. Leakage through Plain Window with Various Clearances 4 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 The measure of heat most commonly accepted in engineering work in the United States of America and Great Britain is the British thermal unit, abbreviated, the- B.t.u. and represents the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water 1 deg. fahrenheit, abbre viated, fahr. The fahrenheit scale which is commonly used divides temperature between the freezing point of water, 32 deg. and the boiling point 212 deg. into 180 equal parts. In other parts of the world, there is another system used in which the calorie is the common unit of heat, of which one B.t.u. equals 0.252 calories or 1 calorie equals 3.968 B.t.u. Instead of the fahrenheit thermometer, the centigrade system is generally used with the calorie in which the thermometer is divided into 100 equal parts between freezing point and the boiling points of water. To con vert centigrade temperature the following method can be used:. 9/5 X centigrade temperature plus 32 equals fahr. temperature. To convert fahr. temperature to the centigrade temperature the fol lowing method can be used: Fahr. temperature minus 32 X 5/9 equals centigrade temperature. _ INFILTRATION Infiltration losses can be materially reduced by the use of storm doors, and windows, metal weather-stripping on doors and windows, by calking around doors, and casing in frame construction by close fitting tongue and groove strips covered with heavy building paper, and by the use of insulating materials against the sheathing or in combination with the lath and plaster. There are also various manufactured products used as substitutes for lath and plaster that are of value for the foregoing purpose. Infiltration losses through brick walls are considerable, and still higher through hollow tile walls, due to the many openings and thin mortar bearing points where the ends of tile abutt. Whitten and March (See A. S. H. & V. E. Transactions, Vol. 22, 1916, p. 195), show that it is as difficult to heat an exposed room 25 deg. above zero with 25 mile wind velocity as it would be to heat the same room 25 deg. below zero with no wind velocity. ... Strong winds seldom prevail at temperatures below 15 deg. above zero. The drop in temperature for each mile wind velocity is given in an accom panying table (see Table 15) and it can be readily seen that this matter of wind velocity must receive careful consideration in planning and de signing heating plants that will render efficient service under all conditions of weather. .- This cold air entering through the building construction cracks, and crevices, windows, etc., is a load that the heating plant must meet and each installation presents a particular problem in this respect. The cold air leaking into the room must be heated from the tempera ture of the outside air to that of the room temperature. One cubic foot of air at zero weighs 0.086 lb., while at 70 deg. 1 cu. ft. of air weighs only 0.075 lb.- * Therefore, 0.87 cu. ft. of air leakage into a room at 0 deg. becomes 1 cu. ft. of air at the room temperature of 70 deg. The specific heat of air at constant pressure, or the number of heat units .5 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 required to raise 1 lb. of air 1 deg., is 0.2415. To raise 0.87 cu. ft. of air which weighs 0.075 lb. only 1 deg., requires 0.075 X 0.2415 = 0.0181 heat units, and to raise it 70 deg. from zero to room temperature, requires 70 X 0.0181 = 1.267 heat units. In every day practice of figuring, the approximate value of 0.02 heat units per cu. ft. per deg. rise in temperature is used in place of 0.0181. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 and others as Fig. 1 gives the amount of air leakage through a brick wall, and the various cracks around the sash and frame of a window in such a wall with various wind velocities. The various curves from 1-8 were F ig . 4. T otal n filtr a tio n L eakage for V ar io u s.W indows T estedI Fig. 3. Leakage through Weather-stripped Window with Various Clearances Therefore, in order to obtain the heat loss due to infiltration multiply together these four factors: (1) contents of room in cubic feet times (2) number of air changes pier hour times (3) the difference in temperature between the inside and outside times (4) 0.02 heat units. Leakage of air into and from buildings takes place largely around the sash and frame of windows, and around, the doors and depends in large measure upon the wind velocity. The quantity of air leaking through various types of windows with and without weather-stripping has been determined by the Research Labora tory of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers 6 obtained after sealing off the various cracks through which air leaked as. indicated in the legend. A very surprising fact is brought out by curve 5 which shows that considerable air.actually leaked through the 50 sq. ft. of 13 in. brick wall tested. Only one such wall has been tested, however, 7. i. _ American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 and infiltration calculations cannot be based with great certainty bn this curve. . Fig- .2 gives the leakage around the sash of a double hung window with various clearances. Fig. 3 gives similar data on the same type of window fitted with an interlocking weather-strip. Fig. 4 and 5 give the results of test upon other windows. Table 1 gives the leakage in cubic feet per minute for the whole window and per linear foot of cracks for wind velocities of 14.4 and 24.9 miles per hour. It is of interest to note that for a plain window with crack varying from 1/16 to )4 in. the leakage is 46 cu. ft. per min., while, for the two types of weather-stripping tested, it varies from 9 to 18, and 7 to 10 cu. ft. per min: respectively. The heat loss is given for two temperature differences. Radiation required to supply this heat loss is given for the larger temperature difference. The saving in coal based upon certain conditions is given in the last columns of the table. Table 2 gives the leakage between the frame and the brick, the else where leakage (leakage which cannot be stopped by perfect weather-strip), the leakage for a plain window not weather-stripped, the leakage for the same window fitted with a rib strip, and with interlocking strip for various wind velocities. Table 3 gives the leakage in cubic feet per hour per foot of crack per mile wind velocity for a plain frame window and also for frame window fitted with the two types of weather-stripping. The leakage is given for various cracks around the sash perimeter and also for various clearances between the sash and the stop and parting bead. In determining the heat loss from buildings, infiltration is expressed either as so many air changes per hour, or, more scientifically speaking, as so many cubic feet per minute per linear foot of crack. When the infiltration is estimated as so many air changes per hour the heat loss in B.t.u. per hour is given by, where H-NCh (Ti-T0) ff = heat loss in B.t.u.. per hour. N = number of air changes per hour. C=cubical contents of the space to be heated. h = number of B.t.u. required to raise the temperature of 1 cu. ft. of air 1 deg. fahr. This may be taken as 0.02. . Ti = inside temperature. T0 = outside temperature. . Where the heat loss by infiltration is to be based upon the leakage per linear foot of crack the heat loss for each window and door is given by, where H = 7 60 IVpi (Ti - T,,) I = infiltration in cubic feet per minute.per linear foot of crack Wp = total length of crack. 8 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 The other factors have the same significance as in the formula based upon cubical contents. Substituting the value 0.02 for h this formula becomes H = 1.21 Wp (Ti - T0) Infiltration of air into a building or room is always accompanied by an equal out-leakage. The heat loss is that required to heat the incoming 9 F ig . 5. n filtr a tio n L eakage through th e Per im eter of the Sash On lyI American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 19'24:25 5ifi --S5u2So g 3"j<-g{ea5 225oomfac. 5 J ^o & ^g . OOOr>0>O000 Cc--M H5e*S& D ATA ON TESTS.OF W INDOW S UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS P4 s eQ < ? ao to a Ho-So *5oo Cx, -H "i a s oo 6**S as O CoN> opiPlOO rot'-' 222S ^ONo3'0e S'"1 oo >o O t- oo 9S ON 9 oooo is X ! W." a j W *T IT .&tJ &T-J? o &i -*28 JJj i-sgj|-ifsh_.aI fI sietes s-S esse :>>-&U&-35oupo goooo 1t&3. fJCl,1JPuo2&&xS*xsik 10 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Q, So J 3 1 2 --Perimeter 18 Ft. 4 a. MV .5 S BS 0 2 3 * 02 &S ft? a' aa *a wa s B s1 E3x. EHc Per Ft. Crack 0.0294 0.1325 0.2350 0.4710 0.6470 1.1180 1.5000 1.8530 For Total 1 Per Ft. For Total Window Window Crack , 1 Per Ft. Crack For Total j Window Per Ft. Crock 0.0546 0.1200 0.2180 0.4260 0.6440 1.0920 1.6380 2.2400 04000000 HN^NH-"dOfOO'-t NOH'O^fNNoNiO^OocOoOfo'\JNOoI'OoO OOOOO--'MM noot'como'o 4 fo <0 O--'1004 <+> 00 -& 0O--0O -- r-0''(O 'o0O *^i,<,0 0--` -- CNPOTfOOO OOiAiAioOOO O'OO^ r-oooocNOOOO O^HCSiONfOO'O iOflfOOOOO'O'O 1-- -- cn ro >. a> -co ug o0 <. a <j: ^o 1 SIa S * O Q2 U 2 2 u o (oo. bi Q o. (Xsi d [bo iaJ B.t.u. s a J aH (/) <d s a J4 h4 > H a 2 k B.t.u. | Lkg. B.t.u. | Lkg. B.t.u. a n. J 0, aitn s * aCU a > H J Z ua0j * aHz M J z aj. a J B.t.u. B.t.u. 1 Lkg. B.t.u. B.t.u. 1 B.t.u. (NOiOhrO-O'OOtOI'O'-i' -tf" rf rf i/T u"> ^fG"OiOrnncOoCO- O-- LAO1W/)' NON^M^CON fl fO^'t'T oO^O<Or"O-NiGfO<'-t 0-40 m^'I0O0 '\O ^NN00 m m ro m m m r, iG r- OO CO O' O' CSNMNCSN tOO' --OP'MO O*> i'*t* Ort f4 CO fO fO fO co ^OMVfOl'OOO'ONt'fNO MNNNNN C^O'LO'^LON NlONCOOlO CSMC^NCSCO Or.MOO--N-c^nfOcoCO M C4 CN CS (N Ot-COO'-U^fTC'NOOCL'tO^ CM 04 CS CN CS CN M'CCWOOOOOhtOht' -- -- 04 04 CM 04 o 00 oi O' m qo -- 04 04 04 04 04 OO0O- I0C0 O00OOi^' 'dO rSO- 0O0' ---- o-- O04 0044 -- -- 04 04 04 04 04 'Of-- -- ^ 10 0co O' 04 O' 'O w> 00 ---- r--f O--' *0n4 m 0 O' 04 r- 04 Tfooo---i--o0o4 For Total Window Crack ` iw gs & m ion--o>--o0o4 moo^om 11 aDNvavmo mmm American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 air up to the temperature of the room. In-leakage takes place on the windward side, and out-leakage on the leeward side of the building. Heat loss by infiltration should, therefore, be figured only for windows and doors on the windward side of the room to be heated. Since the wind will, at different times, come from all directions, radiation must, in practice, be based upon the windows and doors on the side having the greatest window and door area. Example: What will be the heat loss by infiltration from a room 20 x 12 x 9 ft. high with west, north and east exposure, having one 3 x 6 ft. double hung frame window on each the east and west exposures, and two on the north. Also one 3x7 ft. door on the north. Assume a 15 mile wind velocity, 0 deg. outside, and 70 deg. inside temperature. Also assume that the cracks between the frame and the wall are well caulked. , Infiltration must be based on the greatest number of windows and doors in any exposure, or, in this instance, two windows and one door. Each window has 21 ft. of crack, or together 42 ft., and the door 20 ft. of crack making a total of 62 ft. of crack. Answer: A--If windows and doors are fairly tight (1/16 in. crack), but without weather-stripping the leakage will be 2.5 ft. per min. per ft. of crack. (See Table 1). 1 H = 1.2 X 2.5 X 62 (70 - 0) = 13,020 B.t.u. per hr. 13,020 or 52 sq. ft. of radiation will be required to supply this loss. 240 Answer: B--If windows and doors are tight and well weather-stripped, the leakage will be 0.38 cu..ft. pier min. pier ft. of crack. H = 1.2 X 0.38 X 62 (70 - 0) = 1,979 B.t.u. per hr. 1979 Qr g 2 sq ft 0f radiation will be required to supply this loss. . COMPARISON OF FUEL QUANTITIES AND COSTS, TO HEAT AIR ENTERING VARIOUS SLIDING SASH WINDOWS. AS AIR INFILTRATION OR IN-LEAKAGE, ASSUMING 65 PER CENT OVER ALL EFFICIENCY OF HEATING-PLANT Window, 3 x 7 ft. Crack, 23 lin. ft. Wind, 15 miles per hr. B.t.u. to raise 1 cu. ft. air from zero to 70 deg., 1.439 B.t.u. per lb. best coal, 13,080 Duration heating season, 130 days Cost coal, $6.00 per ton . Overall efficiency of heating plant, 65 per cent (high) B.t.u. available perlb. of coal = 13,080 X 0.65 = 8500 B.t.u. A. Unstripped window, 2.53 cu. ft. per min. or 132 cu. ft. per hr. per ft. crack B. Plain Rib Strip, 0.6 cu. ft. per min. or 36.0 cu. ft. per hr. per ft. crack C. Interlocking weather-strip, 0.46 cu. ft. per min. or 27.6 cu. ft. per hr. per ft. crack A. 23 X 132 X 1.439 = 0.513 lb. coal per hr. 8500 0.513 X 24 X 130 -- 0.800 tons per season 2000 12 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 $6.00 X 0.800 = $4.80 per season B. 23 X 36.0 X 1.439 = 0.140 lb. coal per hr, 8500 0.140 X 24 X 130 = 0.22 tons per season 2000 $6.00 X 0.22 = $1.31 per season C. 23 X 27.6 X 1.439 0.107 lb. coal per hr. 8500 0.107 X 24 X 130 = 0.167 tons per season 2000 $6.00 X 0.167 -- $1.00 per season Saving per window per year by using rib strip $4.80 - $1.31 = $3.49 Saving per window per year by using interlocking weather-strip TRANSMISSION LOSSES Heat flows from a higher to a lower temperature at a definite rate, depending upon the difference in temperature and the character and thickness of the material through which it passes. The accompanying heat transmission tables are for average conditions of construction and the rate of transmission for any material is given in TABLE 4. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM ROOFS Construction 1* Wood, 6-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel.... 1* Wood, Felt Roofing................................. 1)4* Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel 2" Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel. 2H* Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravfel. Tin on Wood Strips...................................... Tin on Sheathing............ :............................. Tin on Sheathing, with Paper..................... Shingles on Wood Strips.............................. Shingles on Sheathing........... ....................... Shingles, Paper, Sheathing, Strips.............. 4* Hollow Tile, Paper, Tar and Gravel__ 6' Hollow Tile, Paper, Tar and Gravel__ 2* Concrete, Paper, Tar and Gravel......... 3" Concrete, Paper, Tar and Gravel......... 4' Concrete, Paper, Tar and Gravel.......... Flat Tile on Wood Strips.-,........................ Flat Tile on Sheathing.-............................... Slate on Wood Strips.................................... Slate on Paper and Sheathing..................... Corrugated Iron on Strips.-......................... Corrugated Iron, Sheathing....... ................. 13 B.t.u. 0.30 0.36 0.26 0.21 0.18 1.60 0.60 0.43 0.87 0.43 0.21 0.30 0.27 0.71 0.64 0.57 1.07 0.64 1.10 0.50 1.50 0.64 , American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 5. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM WINDOWS, ROOF GLASS AND SKYLIGHT- ^---y--em,--......... 1.10 B.t.u. GLASS JL '--V GLAS ' . 0.60 -wm--.......... .................. ...... ......................1.10 " ''solid 0.60 " 1.10 " 0.60 " TABLE 6. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM FLOORS ASSUME THE GROUND TEMPERATURE TO BE 50 FAHR. CONSTRUCTION B.T.U. ROUND CONCRETE `:*V-CINDER FILL vmmsmmxszz--k round ^-Ttilc --^concrete ^--GROUND .31 .29 .50 ROU N D .29 , ^IJ4TWOOD FLOOR WATERPROOriHQ .10 ^GROUND SLEEPERS-' --I^WOOD FLOOR CRETE mder till ROUND .07 g .,,,,,............ ,, T7__-r/*"WOOD FLOOR .1 1 SLEEPERS-' sf/iWOOD FLOOR .13 SLEEPERS-' TABLE 7. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM CEILINGS ASSUME TEMPERATURE OF UNHEATED AIR SPACE TO BE 35 FAHR. WITH AN OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE OF 0?. CONSTRUCTION m epUntreated Space H Eh Plaster^ BT-U. j60 Plaster'1' "" |...... ti 11 t=^:== _ ------Floor Joists _* Metal Cefliod .26 36. A0 aj^K3:jr' 4.---- -Joists z\ -Floor . 4 Reinforced ------ Concrete 41 d IDO D6 wmsBMR-ci io Reinforced mnr.rate 41 36 14 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 the number of B.t.u. which will be transmitted per degree difference in temperature per hour per square foot of surafce. The Research Bureau of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers are making heat transmission tests of different material and when results are published, all Heat transmission tables may be revised. TABLE 8. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM INTERIOR WALLS Construction B.t.u. 0.34 0.60 0.57 0.50 0.64 0.60 TABLE 9. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM WOOD DOORS AND WOOD PARTITIONS to 1* Thick Tongued and Grooved = 0.65 B.t.u. l- " IK" IK" " iK" IK" " 2" 2" " 2K" 2K" " 3- " " " " " " " " = 0.60 " u u a = 0.50 " a a a = 0.42 " a a u = 0.35 " au u = 0.30 " TABLE 10. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM WALLS OF VARIOUS CONSTRUCTIONS Thickness of Board in In. K" V IK" 2" 2K" Two Boards With Paper Between 0.32 B.t.u. 0.24 U 0.19 U 0.16 u 0.14 a Board and Corrugated Iron 0.45 B.t.u. 0.36 " 0.30 " 0.26 " 0.23 " Board and Sheet Iron 0.50 B.t.u. 0.40 " 0.33 " 0.28 " 0.25 " TABLE 11. HEAT TRANSMISSION FROM WALLS OF CLAPBOARD . Construction Clapboard, Paper, Sheathing, Studs, Lath and Plaster with Sawdust Fill........ B.t.u. 0.62 0.48 0.34 0.57 0.37 0.30 0.40 0.36 0.31 0.21 0.15 15 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 HJ Mt N<\g on N_ -_ "LI ^ (UO> (OTi OOU) Uwlh^ on Oto Ain (top nto. ifi gj < to to Vo Vj lo to V--j t--o '- V) to t-o V--j t-o no tMo ' to to to *--o t--o t--o teoj < V to Vo to toi^ to- St * in Aq OOol Oto Oto 7 to; 3 = UH 511Ewr I| 16 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 CALCULATING HEAT LOSSES If air within a room is maintained at a higher temperature than air surrounding the room, there will be a loss of heat through the walls, partitions, ceiling or floor to air of lower temperature. This heat loss may be to the outside, an adjoining room or space above or below. To heat and maintain a predetermined temperature in a room, an equal amount of heat must be supplied at the rate at which it is lost. In practice heat losses are figured on an hourly basis and the unit of measure is the B.t.u. Warm air rises, hence the temperature in a room at various levels will differ according to conditions. For rooms not over 12 ft. high this dif ference can be taken at 1 deg. per ft. and the average can be taken at the temperature to be maintained at the breathing line (5 ft. from the floor) and 5 ft. from the wall. . There is a greater temperature difference at or near the ceiling than at the breathing line or at the floor but in actual practice this, is usually neglected in calculating the heat losses. In computing glass surface, figure the entire window opening. It is customary to figure outside doors as all glass, .taking the entire door opening. In order to accurately calculate the transmission heat loss from a room or building multiply the number of square feet of each kind of surface by its constant and then by the difference in temperature between the air in the room or building and the outside air and add together to obtain the total. Compute the heat losses for a zero to 70 deg. fahr. condition as follows: A room 10 x 10 x 8 ft. with two windows 3 x 5 ft. has two sides exposed, is heated above and below and walls are of clapboard, paper, sheathing, studs, lath and plaster. One arid one-half air changes should be allowed. Then, Cubical contents = 10 X 10 X 8 . = 800 cu. ft. Windows =* 3X 5 + 3X5 - 30 sq. ft. Gross wall = 10 + 10 X 8 =160 sq. ft. Net wall =160 -- 30 =130 sq. ft. Refer to Table 11 and find heat loss per square foot pier degree for walls of clapboard, paper, sheathing, studs, lath and plaster to be 0.3 B.t.u. per hr. Do not give consideration to inside partition, ceiling or .floor if the surrounding space is also to be heated. Then, Cubical contents 800 X 1)4 X 0.02 X 70 = 1480 B.t.u. Glass 30 X 1.1 X 70 = 2310 B.t.u. Net wall 130 X 0.3 X 70 = 2730 B.t.u. Total heat loss from room = 6520 B.t.u. *Cubical Contents.--There is no heat loss due to cubical contents. In this particular case, it has been assumed that the infiltration of air is equal to 1H times the cubical contents of the room or 1200 cu. ft. of air per min. For explanation see Heat Losses by Infiltration,- p. 5. 17 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 When windows and other openings are not weather-stripped an allow ance of 10 to 15 per cent for exposure due to prevailing winds should be added to the computed heat losses. As the room mentioned faces the north, and is not weather stripped ' add 15 per cent of computed heat losses. Then, 6520 X 1.15 = 7498, total heat loss . If the ceiling construction in the room was lath and plaster with floor above and the space above was not heated the room should be figured as follows: Referring to Table 7 it is found that the heat loss per degree, per square fqot to be 0.26 B.t.u. per hr. Special note should be taken that this space will be only 35 deg. fahr. when it is zero outside, and as the room is heated to 70 deg. fahr. the temperature difference will be 70 -- 35 = 35 deg. . Cubical contents 800 X 134 X 0.02 X 70 = 1480 B.t.u. Glass 30X14X 70 = 2310 B.t.u. Net wall 130 X 0.3 X 70 = 2730 B.t.u. 1 Ceiling 100 X 0.26 X 35 = 910 B.t.u. Total Heat Loss from' Room = 7430 B.t.u. Adding 15 per cent for Northern Exposure = 8544 B.t.u. EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND WIND VELOCITY As shown in the section on calculation of heat loss, it is customary to add 10 per cent to 15 per cent to the heat loss of rooms on the sides of the building exposed to the prevailing winds in coldest weather. The coldest exposure varies with the location. North and west are usually considered the coldest exposure. According to the U. S. Weather Bureau (Table 14), the coldest exposure in Salt Lake City is S.E.; in Denver, S.; in Chicago, S.W.; in Albany, S., which indicates how important it is to know not only the average and lowest temperatures of a place but also the prevailing wind directions in winter. Every plan should show the "points of the compass." TABLE 13. DROP IN TEMPERATURE FOR EACH MILE WIND VELOCITY Temp. Deg. Fahr. 50 deg. to 40 deg. 40 deg. to "30 deg. 30 deg. to 20 deg. 20 deg. to 10 deg. 10 deg. to 0 degw. 0 deg. to --10 deg. 10 deg. to --20 deg. Wind Velocity 1 mile per hr. equals 1 mile per hr. equals 1 mile per hr. equals 1 mile per hr. equals 1 mile per hr. equals 1 mile per hr. equals 1 mile per hr. equals Deg. of Temp. Drop 0.75 deg. drop 1.0 deg. drop 1.1 deg. drop 1.2 deg. drop 1.3 deg. drop 1.4 deg. drop 1.5 deg. drop In other words a temperature of 5 deg. above zero with a 30-mile wind should be equivalent to 34 deg. below zero with no wind blowing. It will be found, however, that the coefficients for transmission allow for a wind velocity of from 10 to 15 miles per hr. 18 r j. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 14. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COMPILED FROM U. S. WEATHER BUREAU RECORDS Col. A State Col. B City Arlr Cal Coin Crtnn DC Fin fia . 111 TrvnrtJ Kans.._........... Ky Md. Mo. .. NH N. J. NV . N. M.. _ Col. C Col. D Col. E Col. F Average Temp., Oct. 1stMay 1st . Lowest Tempera ture Average .Wind Vel ocity Dec., Jan., Feb.. Miles per Hr. Direction of Prevail ing Wind, Dec., Jan., Feb. 57.7 53.9 59.5 34.9 49.5 51.6 54.3. 58.6 39.3 39.2 38.0 43.2 61.9 51.4 58.4 42.5 36.4 36.4 39.9 40.2 44.1 33.9 32.1 38.9 40.2 45.2 61.5 56.2 .31.1 33.6 43.6 37.6 29.1 35.4 27.6 25.1 29.6 56.0 40.3 43.3 43.0 34.7 27.7 37.0 34.6 39.6 37.9 33.4 41.6 35.1 34.7 40.3 38.0 -i -10 16 -25 -15 -12 29 28 -29 -16 -14 -15 10 -8 8 -13 -20 -23 -24 -25 -15 -32 -35 -25 -26 -20 7 -5 -23 -17 ' -7 -13 -27 -24 -27 -41 -33 -1 -24 -22 -29 -49 -57 -29 -35 -7 -28 -35 -7 -24 -14 -6 -13 8.3 8.6 3.9 6.7 8.0 9.9 7.4 5.6 9.3 7.3 8.2 11.8 8.3 4.7 9.3 17.0 10.2 11.8 8.4 6.1 12.2 7.3 10.4 9.3 9.6 7.7 13.8 10.1 7.2 11.7 11.3 13.1 11.4 11.1 11.5 . 7.6 9.1 11.8 11.3 8.7 10.9 9.0 9.9 9.5 6.0 10.6 7.9 17.7 13.3 7.3 NN E SW E NW N. NE S SE N NW NE NW NW E SE SW NW S S NW NW N NW SW N SE W NW NW W W SW NW SW NW SE NW NW SE W SW N W SE NE NW NW S w NW NE 19 American Society of Heating and Ventilating; Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 14. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS COMPILED FROM U. S. WEATHER BUREAU RECORDS (Continued) Col. A State N. C. ND Okla. Pa. R. I. S C. S. D. Utah Vt. .. Va. W. Va............ wis. Col. B City Col. C Col. D Col. E Col. F Average Temp.. Oct. 1st-- May 1st Lowest Tempera ture Average Wind Vel ocity Dec., Jan., Feb., Miles per Hr: Direction of Prevail ing Wind, Dec.. Jan., Feb. 49.7 53.1 24.5 18.9 36.9 39.9 48.0 34.1 45.9 41.9 40.8 37.6 56.9 53.7 28.1 32.3 47.0 50.9 53.0 54.7 60.7 38.1 40.0 29.3' 49.1 45.2 47.4 45.3 37.5 38.8 41.9 28.6 31.2 33.0 31.0 28.9 -2 5 -45 -44 --17 -20 -17 -20 -2 -6 -20 -9 7 -2 -43 -34 -16 -9 -2 -8 4 -24 -20 -27 2 -7 -3 3 -30 -21 -27 . -36 -43 -25 -45 -36 7.3 sw 8.9 sw 11.4 14.5 9.3 NW w sw sw 12.0 N 6.0 ' SE 6.5 s 11.0 NW 13.7 NW 14.6 NW 11.0 N 8.0 NE 11.5 NW 7.5 W 6.5 sw 9.6 NW 10.5 NW 11.0 NW 8.2 N 8.9 W 4.9 SE 12.9 S 9.0 . N . 5.2 NW 7.4 S 9.1 SE SW 4.8 W . 6.6 S 12.8 SW 5.6 11.7 NW w 5.3 NW 3.0 NE The outside air temperature used in computing the heat loss from a building is seldom taken as the lowest temperature ever recorded in a given locality. Such temperatures are usually of short duration and are rarely repeated in successive years. It is therefore evident that a tempera ture somewhat higher than the lowest on record may be properly assumed in making the heat loss computations. The outside temperature to be assumed in the design of any heating system should not be more than 15 deg. fahr. above the lowest recorded temperature as reported by the U. S. Weather Bureau Table 14, during the preceding 10 years for the locality in which the heating system is to be installed. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 HEAT SOURCES The heat supplied by persons, lights, motors and machinery should always be ascertained in the case of theaters, assembly halls, and in dustrial plants, but allowances for such heat sources must be made only after careful consideration of all local conditions. In many cases, these heat sources should not be allowed to affect the size of the installation at all, although they may have a marked effect on the operation and con trol of the system later. In general, it is safe to say that where audiences are involved, the heating installation must have sufficient capacity to bring the building up to the stipulated inside temperature before the audience arrives. In industrial plants, quite a different condition exists, and heat sources, if they are always available during the period of human occupancy, may be substituted for a portion of the heating installation. In no case should the actual heating installation (exclusive of heat sources) be reduced below that required to maintain at least 40 deg. fahr. in the building. The following allowances may be made when required: TABLE 15. HEAT GIVEN UP BY PERSONS AND LIGHTS Persons : ' Man at rest................................................................................... 400 B.t.u. per hr. Man at work.-............................................ ................................ 500 B.t.u. per hr. Lights: Electric lamps, B.t.u. per hr. equals watts per lamp X number of lamps X 3.415 . Gas lighting: 1 cu. ft. producer gas..................-.................................................... 150 B.t.u. 1 cu. ft. illuminating gas.................................................................. 700 B.t.u. 1 cu. ft. natural gas.........................................................................1000 B.t.u. A Welsbach burner averages 3 cu. ft. of gas per hour and a fish tail burner 5 cu. ft. per hour. Motors and the machinery which they drive, if both are located in the room, convert all of the electrical energy supplied into heat, which is retained in the room if the product being manufactured is not removed until its temperature is the same as the room temperature. If power is transmitted to the machinery from the outside, then only the heat equivalent of the brake horsepower supplied is used. In the first case the B.t.u. supplied per hour = horsepower x 2546, and Efficiency of motor in the second case B.t.u. per hr. = b.hp. X 2546, in which 2546 is the B.t.u. equivalent of I hp. hour. In high-powered mills this is the chief source of heating and is frequently sufficient to overheat the building even in zero weather, thus requiring cooling by ventilation the year round. For intermittent heating allow 10 per cent additional for rooms heated in the day time only, and for longer intervals of several days or more, add 25 per cent in determining minimum heating requirements, and size of plant. ROOM TEMPERATURES USUALLY SPECIFIED In the accompanying Table 16 are the inside temperatures ordinarily specified for the many kinds of rooms, buildings, shops, factories and it 21 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 will be noted that they vary in accordance with the service for which they are intended. It is obvious that a Turkish bath room requires a higher temperature than a gymnasium or machine shop. In providing these temperatures the engineer must necessarily know the conditions and solve the problem accordingly. TABLE 16. INSIDE TEMPERATURES USUALLY SPECIFIED Deg. Temp. Warm Air Baths.......;...................... 120 Steam Baths..... ............................... 110 Hospital OperatingRoom................ 85 Bath Rooms...................................... 85 Paint Shops....................................... 80 Hospitals.--....................................... 72 to 75 Public Buildings ____________ ____ 68 to 72 Residences.,....................................... 70 Schools............................................... 70 Deg.Temp. Factories..................................... 65 Stores....................... ................... 65 Gymnasium............................. 55 to 60 Machine Shops........................... 60 to 65 Foundries, Boiler Shops, etc.-- 50 to 60 Unheated spaces such as cellars, vesti bules, attics, etc., are usually taken at 35 deg. fahr. The inside air temperature which must be maintained within a building, is the temperature at the breathing line 5 ft. above the floor and not less than 3 ft. from the outside walls. Inside air temperatures usually specified vary in accordance with the use to which the building is to be put, and in making the actual heat loss computations for the various rooms in a building it is often necessary to modify the temperatures given in Table 16 so that the air temperature at the proper level will be used. By "air temperature at the proper level" is meant, in the case of walls, the air temperature at the mean height between floor and ceiling; in the case of glass, the air temperature at the mean height of the glass, in the case of roof or ceiling, the air temperature at the mean height of the roof or ceiling above the floor of the heated room, and in the case of floors, the air temperature at the floor level. In the case of heated spaces adja cent to unheated (no heat of any kind) spaces, it will usually be sufficient to assume the temperature in such spaces as the mean between the tem perature of the inside heated space and the outside air temperature. The air temperature at the mean height between floor and ceiling is the "breathing line" temperature, Table 16, for rooms not over 10 ft. in height. For rooms above this height, add 2 per cent per foot of height to the breathing-line temperature for each foot or fraction of a foot difference between the mean height of the vertical wall glass roof or ceiling surface, and the height of the breathing line. In determining mean air temperatures just above floors which are next to ground or unheated spaces, a temperature 5 deg. lower than breathing line temperature may be used, provided breathing-line temperature is not less than 55 deg. fahr. . 22 II' Chapter HEATING BY RADIATION CALCULATING RADIATION RADIATION can be classified as direct, semi-direct, and indirect, and is usually made of pipe or cast iron; when it is made of pipe it is termed pipe coil, and when made of cast iron it is termed column, wall, semi-indirect, or indirect radiation. The unit of measure in figuring radiation is the square foot of heating surface, which is the external surface. The amount of heat a square foot of heating surface (radiation) will give off depends upon the temperature of the heating medium (steam, or hot water), the temperature of the surrounding air, and the velocity at which the air passes over same. Tables 17 to 23 on succeeding pages indicate the number of B.t.u. a given size column or wall radiator will transmit in 1 hr. with steam as the heating medium. The ordinary practice in. calculating the amount of radiation of various kinds to meet a variety of conditions will be briefly stated. . To determine the amount of direct radiation to heat a room, figure all of the heat losses, adding the proper amount for exposure, and refer to Table 24 to find the proper size radiator. To determine the amount of semi-indirect (sometimes termed directindirect), radiation to heat a room, figure all the heat losses, adding the proper amount for exposure and add 40 per cent then divide by 240. Example.---The heat losses including allowance for exposure for a given size room is 17,200 B.t.u. + 40 per cent or 24,080 B.t.u. -=by 240 = 100 sq. ft. of semi-indirect radiation to heat the room. To determine the amount of indirect radiation required to heat a room, figure all the heat losses, making allowance for exposure, and add 80 per cent, then divide by 240. Example.,--The heat losses including allowance for exposure for a given size room is 17,200 B.t.u. + 80 per cent for 30,860 B.t.u. -fby 240 = l'29 sq. ft, of indirect radiation to heat the room. For rooms over 12 ft. in height and not over 20 ft. in height figure as above and add 2 per cent of each additional foot of height over 12 ft. and up to 20 ft. Should the room be over 20 ft. in height add 25 per cent to the total height. If rooms are to be heated in the day time only, figure as above and make proper allowance for heat of rooms and add the number of B.t.u. required to heat the amount of air in the room 23 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 in the time in which the room was supposed to be heated. This heatingup factor is sometimes taken care of by increasing the radiation by 10 per cent. If the building is to be heated intermittently after long inter vals of unheated periods, this can be figured as above or 25 per cent is often added to the radiation to take care of this difference. Table 20 conforms very closely to the ratings for direct radiation as given for radiators of heat shown with sections 2)4 in. on centers, except in the case of four-column radiation, which are 3 in. on centers. Pipe coils should be of the header type, with provision made for ex pansion by a mitre piece. The steam supply should be at the mitre end and all coils should be securely anchored at the return header so as to throw the expansion toward the mitre end. The coils should be made of 1J4 or 1/4 in- P'Pe and not over 60 ft. in length, not including the mitre, which should be at least one-tenth the length .of the coil. SELECTION OF RADIATION It is usually necessary to select the type and location of radiation to conform to the conditions and space available in the room. In general it is usually most convenient and practical to locate the radiation on the exposed side of the room. The size of the radiator to take care of any particular heat loss can be best selected from the sheets compiled by the Society's Research Laboratory in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station, which are based on experiments by the late Director, John R. Allen, and F. B. Rowley. As the heat emitted per square foot of radiation varies in radiators of different heights, widths and lengths, and also with the steam pressure and the temperature of the room, errors will occur if the same factor is used for all radiators. Examples for the Use of Tables.--Assume that the heat loss from a room is 15,497 B.t.u. per hr., to heat the room to 70 deg. fahr. Two-column 38-in. radiators have been selected using steam at 1-lb. gage or approxi mately 215 deg. fahr. Solution.--In Table 18 for two-column radiators, under 38 in., it will be found that a 17-section radiator will.emit 15,960 B.t.u. There- fore a 17-section two-column 38-in. radiator will be required with a rated surface of 68 sq. ft. If in the same example steam at 5-lb. pressure or approximately 227 deg. fahr. was used and the room was heated to only 60 deg. fahr. re quiring 13,300 B.t.u. and three-column 26-in. radiators are selected the radiation would be estimated as follows: Solution.--In Table 24 following down the first column to 5-lb. gage pressure and then over horizontally to 60 deg. fahr. room temperature the conversion factor 0.864 will be found. The heat loss 13,300 X 0.864 (the equivalent heat loss) = 11,480 B.t.u. In Table 16 for three-column radiators under the heading 26 in. it will be found that a 13-section radiator will supply 11,242 B.t.u. under standard conditions which is the closest to the amount required. Therefore a 13-section three-column 26-in. radiator will be required. 24 R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r y S t a n d a r d D a t a -- A m e r ic a n So c ie t y o p H e a t in g a n d V e n t il a t in g E n g in e e r s Result of Cooperative W ork W ith U. S. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station, Pittsburgh. Pa. C o p y r ig h t 192l flilPP American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 2 4 '5 81 <& 0 |1 ou faoci 2 2 n a z 04 Rated Surface 1 sq. ft. T o ta l | Rated B.t.u. Surface T o ta l B .t.u . per hr. per hr. sq. ft. CS OO r4r-~co00rO00C'ir-.rO00r*00'^,a0T}` ooor*N'0'Oimo4i,^,N),)r4N^--000'C' -4 n-i C4 04 ^ W> /> v 'O 'O 0"" OO V)Ov)O`00'0O'0Ol/)0'D0t00v)OuiO ^CStOr-.OfSTl**>*'O4lO00O<*l*O`C4r^^>O lO^iOOi^'OON'OO'OC'neOM'OO'OO'^OO 'OHiflO'vco^MS'OO'OO^oorttsHOO -- C'4C4rT>fO'xj,^t,iOLnv5'Ovor--r-^oooO' '0f0OOrtO'Of9O'0*)OlOQ'0^O'0f0 '00'0000'0i*50'0f00'0**)0'0*0 ->Niin'OC0O^t0V)<OC0df*5>n'O00O'"P) CM.C`4 c* oq fO ro CO 'OCOOCS.Tt'OOOC CN>J< iOOOO(S4)i<OCOQ T o ta l B.t.u. per hr. 770 1293 1807 2321 2835 3348 3863 4377 4891 5404 5918 6432 6947 7459 7974 8489 9000 9515 10028 10544 Rated Surfac* sq. ft. T o ta l B .t.u . per hr. Q Id b b 2 i Ot CO (d b < Cd X (d W -3 -2 2 r0t0 fc. T o ta l B .t.u . per hr. R a te d Surface sq. ft. e40ib*`0^oO`0^,MO'0',50't^'i,NOi^'0`0 iOo`OO e--4r0}0r^--,cQbt>c-Nf<io>0o"oO--C-r'4O0'O0*Ct-O*t---.rOC>.sC4C `0/5*noo*owi`00o40to <Nor--<Mior-.C'i`Of'psjior,' oniono e'4T*t-*ro'0\f'4ooo<,o'00'e>-4vnoo~*co'0 -H--*r4tO^`Tp4osONCt-ciOOvC'-`C>4<NrO^^< fOOO'r9iooO'->Tfb.Of^'OOf4ioco-<x},b-o -,-HrtMCS(NfDf0r0fOxt`x}'Tl'iOiOlO R a te d Surface . sq. ft. If! .z OhO zt u V) -HCNfO'#vj'ONooo>0 - C'4fo^,n't".ooO' . ^ n-l ^ -H -- -H CS| 25 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 fa0*1 oo to oo w r- cs r HCO* R esearch L aboratory Standard D ata-- A merican Society of H eating and V en tilatin g Engineers Result of Cooperative W ork W ith U. S. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. Copyright 1921 Tota B.t.u per h 3 C/3 "q <i 5H 3I 1s D O U 6 *2r o H < 5' 2 H U a Pi flSr HoO*3i fa ^ V N U> J N --W N' *--' WV N' WJ V ' f ^ * OvV)O'ON00f0O'O'ONf'(O00^'Q'O*-t^ -HC^CSC^tOTjHrfloC'Ot^t^OOCOO'OO^'-1 5o3*t-2fa F1 Tf Tj< Tf o o 3=a O fa Hca g. NMNff-Caa-ONfO4vNO`OOrrt'^NV4eO>l/J5NNOlO0O''t''O-OOft^OO*03f0N0Or^^tM0'0C00OI'''OOOOf'^^ON'NN*'O-ONieO'0WrN'v0*^^^o,*,,-^OO'0Qg0 Qa H H 5 a H< W X 2 -3 W `if5 sJ-S 2 3 3v. CL sis Hoa 'OV)tONNNNO"OoOr^r^N'0^lNOO'00'0 0O\Tr0>-O1i^c--^t^ftO.-or^t^t---*.;rtro--..r0'-fO--a0r.'-'--t0O^t-'C>'-Ocvc'0Oo>o's'OO->'iO'0^-OT'O'Ol'ff'COO~OSc'fNO~OsH*'^--O-O|*'V0--'O")0'l'O--'/CC) tO`OO-O- NNto'Oi0o0 2t1/l ,8 0C^w0,0\S.aN-0O\^i-oO'Oj^_C^_i'NHNCmffSOOa^ViOW)p0r0,0'Mrf^aO",,-Oi''*O0<v"\ 'iN_i^O'Ac_C>_tS_O^S_Hrr0^%^0<i.Of0O,tOr0tiN-ri-M^--'-0tn-*n-0--^-n^-N-t-ff*af2-iO<T'O\tl-3o'^o;' rtcmfioOf^coO'O-oO -* z 4/Oo--j Sis Research L aboratory Standard D ata-- A merican Society of H eating and V en tilatin g Engineers American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Copyright 1921 Result of Cooperative W ork W ith U. S. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. Total B.t.u. per hr. rC0--0Os'#oO0'f0\aT0-l-'<COO'f4O>io'OtioOQo'O'OfCa-H^N'OrO-NNH^rOC<fSjO't0^fO0Offf0OO0O'00tO0f0acvTorjIo<<0Oo>o\ fafaNt0^9^>O<O'OONN00 00 O0'OO Z o IT) (>.mNIOOh>'OOQNioVO)C'fQlO(siini/)Ob.'oOo(S^iO/)NioOo(MioOiooo (N'tOO'--roinciOON'^h-0''-|fO'OQOOCSlO Rated Surface SQ. ft. Total B.t.u. per hr. 23 I n. 00'OvOrf'Tt'eN^OOOI-- OO'OCNtOfOOOifaO opi f-~^'*O~!O-tcC^^''/hfra*,5OirfO,or^f'O`,'sHMoCOo"O'0i-Of^--N(NtO--Oai'OoCcOs'O'ONT'fOal<-tOerJsOOe''OCift'O'o0O^^' H< 5 $ fO'00'e")-iHo^oHofs-iHc\)^r4<rio^foOfoOiosO^e,S><,i^^o^O,Vi-)iiTofi>0-'o0 2 S D Rated Surface sq. ft. Total B.t.u. per hr. N>ONO-->0OONOV)00 f-'jto wt^Tf 10 . (X) api z <-^Oes^c-oOc<C50^',0s'Oi<'fOOf--^r-MoOOToj<^wCOM0e0^tf^OV^)f0irOH'0O'0 Tx MSO 2 s| ioo^cmoiooiooioo^oioc`oo|oo t"ONOMONONlOMONW3fNOf'>0(NO O 'OC''-V)cON'OOfONi->inoO(N'OOfON'^LO H s< fa2 H S sj-e Hca J''-0Oh2'i0f2O'!0t2r>Q'r0?f,^310'0t!-tCoO-NoIrs--Ot,ir^0o>0l<^O=,>M(0'^0,0*,-h3oOf<<n03iNtcC^ooJN<r'NNt^o'c(ONt^o.fCTta--tf'-a4o^iofora-o<`o<Ooo . U api 32 I n . Rated Surface sq. ft. 3 *^Ot0Ot0Ot0O0Ot0O`0Ot0O"TOt0O >* CQ ^`f-Oh*O--CO'JCN'JNrO^rO'0T0t|`r0J<rf'Ji,oOiOO'0f'OONt'^Nr-'-OO^OHalOOO Q a H H sa Hw COV)r<]OeOiOOOoO>OfOONiOtOONtN'00 0*t fa Hcq 2C-|;OoiCiO'^,^iOtOt;ONr<O'o-^0t^N'-^ofoOolfooO,^--^`|t^c^^,cr<oO5-^0iOot`i\,4Oo,l'0fOa't0>r^-.C^oOco-O'fOOo---1 z a< *5 C0O0 .Rated Surface sq. ft. a. o. "4f3e>o too<ooooiooioo>ooooioo-ooioo -HrtNrjtotO't^<ioto^'Oi-rNooooo a^ c-<o a <n <e Hw z Total B.t.u. per hr. CM't^WJCO^O`CON'tOJOIO'>OM'rH^OOTfNO'OOlOOQf-->t'O--<O<-NVfCOC)4'0OfSO'oftOTNOj'fftiaO'OfMah^'wO'*ifOe^rtOCONOS(OOOC0M'OO40(f0'OSOO4TM^tNOj''MiOO>N W5 cl 5 fc e Rated Surface sq. ft. 'OO--JOfaOi-N^,0fO'OfcO^J^o'iO,iO-?\t0'0''OOCr^-oNOOrtO,0'Oo0J0O>O-TiCj*So to -- co to r- 00 0 -* es co to i-. 00 0 . ' No. OF Sections 27 T A B L E 20. H E A T E M IT T E D B Y D IR E C T R A D IA T IO N American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 28 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 T o ta l B.t.u. per hr. fahr Room Temperalure at 70 .__________________________________ T A B L E 21. H E A T E M IT T E D BY D IR E C T R A D IA T IO N -H O S P IT A L RADIATORS-- TWO COLUMNS ^ 20 n .I oOMO'e'OiiopioO'O^ONNNciOieoofeOi i-iH(SMfe^'e,oio'0'ONr*ooeco\0'00 N^VOOOON^'OOOON^'OOOOW^'OOOO Rated Surlace sq. ft. T o ta l B .t.u . per hr. op5fe^a'OTf^oioO'j<teoo>'OTj<(si>.iost o*-'i0c(nsconoro^^porrtNmeioo'O^it>O.e'O> Ncooooioo-o-po*o<e-io^>('on 23 In . R a te d Surface sq. ft. ^'OO^'OQO'OOW'OOf'VOO^'OO^'O ^'OO^'OOie'OOfO'OO'e'COwooTOo --^\ooo -- ceioeoON`ONoif,4^''d T o ta l B.t.u. per hr. COr>!COOi'ti^oOfepN'000'0'OOONTl`iOYH N-H-OOO^iN|'O-o^o'iNoifH40QiooNOO'O>i'OOcfeeQ^O'0*veMoON^^N'-i -'-Nfete^ieiO'ONh.oooiOo^NNie^1 20 In . . Rated Surface sq. ft. T o ta l B.t.u. per hr. OfOQ'OwO'OfeO'OfOO'OteO'OMoom 'OteooMO'OfoO'Ofeo'OMO'Oieo'Ote NtOOOOW'060"-^,'OOiW^NONOOOdM -- O'--OOOOOO-'OiO no ^ C* -- OiOO>00'O<lM 0*"Of.HN)iOOiNiOCO-'e'OONW)^^ i--eNCMOrooroOiT>j'iOO'Ofer^.coOeCOO'OO'iOO--fe(M-ocoorOO^'o<3i)S'w'O-rH~ V. CS n ^'0 0'0'00'00^'00'0 0(e'oo*eo ^'oo^'oo^'oot'ioo^'oofooomo (ooo'o'oo^'oofo'ooieoo^'oowo Rated Sunace sq. ft. T o ta l B.t.u. per hr. CCNCOOOO'OtNTfrtN'O'OO'YflGN -- NOO CNO'lGNO3fOO'0c4)TfO'OtM0b^O^fe00 OieioiflR).^5ir0f0NNN^-OOOO>0\00 -- c4te't>0'Ot^ooo'0^e4fO^'io\ONf^ooO' . z 00 'teoN-- '--OeOs'rt^ooojPNO'OroQ^>^^o`TotM*io'iOo5O5'0T'Ofwr>N'>OoOo > R a te d Surface sq. ft. T o ta l B .t.u . per hr. 'OCC-<Tj,ioioi060tO*ONOO000>OHino O'0' ^--rH01.(^SNtofrS-lsoo.MO--Oirofe^o'pO^ii>0005'OQN'?0^iqOrOiolOo --n^,iO'ONooo*"Nre'e'ie'0)0\0'<(Sfe `OO'OO'OO'flO^OiflO'OO'OOiflOiflO -- -'MMforo^^iOioO'Ot^r^ooecoiOiO R a te d Surface sq. It. -- CSrO'#iG'Or^oOO'0-|CNfnT}<iO'ON.oOO'0 deg. fa h r at 215 45 IN. Temperature Steam No. OF S e c t io n s 29 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide,. 1924-25 (3o- hg, American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 O0 8 O t- z 3 eo a =. fr-eo & Mcj--J0'00i^.'0'0'0^*^0r>*o00"0^'00't OorO>v'O'*v-'iN-O^iM^iOcoMv)rt^Oooif-vif3lNMOOO'inOoo>OwO)c'Os'0N0T' ^'00'N<ooOH^jsO(A'00<rmnQNco^'iH Rated Surface sq. ft. Research L abo rato ry Sta n d a r d D a t a -- A m e r ic a n So c ie t y of H e a t in g a n d V e n t il a t in g E n g in e e r s R esult of Cooperative W o rk W ith U . S. Bureau o f M ines E xperim ent S tation, P ittsburgh, Pa. Co pyr ig h t 1921 Research L abo rato ry Sta n d a r d D a t a -- A m e r ic a n So c ie t y o f H e a t in g a n d V e n t il a t in g E n g in eer s R esult o f Cooperative W o rk W ith U . S. Bureau of M ines E xperim ent S tation, P itts b u rg h , Pa. Co pyr ig h t 1921 ! 33-B (OOOCSI^NVOr 5 O'fO 00 (N ' ZO P < ,gig 03 Q shih**i aw s S3* wWoNo>V)^Vo)O)ootOfov)ONoo'^o0`'Oo'0Oo0'tNo'OMN^f''Ot'O'00Mc00oOM)o0Hw^'O^P^|O"''OO0>o0rOi>O'^'-O,''Vo^Oo)',r*o^;-a*v'^^)fNe^s)j H & CQ 5: 10 43 SC 0oON'0o^f*)s>-,00'f''OV)^'')N^O -h cm ro /}, co ^ O' O ^ eo n o>Or-oo O tt. g zc& *H(Nn^,io'Ois'Ooo-0'-^r^,t,o'Of'o00`0 !i li :5 3 =?i o*i m a n5'Ol/)Ot2nA^'i0u02r^',&OON^',iio,fO^Ol/5',NHCf*5O'O^''c0o0-'HOfO^^eoOo f#)iO>00'O^'NOO'r'V>f0tSOfl0'Ovit0'HOi '-<rscNf^^l,oiOr^r^ooO'O^HcsNfD'S''0'OiO Zo pZ < D 5 2 wUf(t-j . a g . S oo'no'oowftiflO'oQiflowo'ooino p'I^MOt"ONOt^'ONOr>lONONiOMO ^*3 o rONrHinoON'0 0N^OoON'Od^lN.--IO T o ta l B.t.U. per hr. 'ONONt#>coNoiooeoinO'tcoooo r't^C0C0O>O'OO^MMf,)rOTj''},'O'O'Ol^t^ *-Nf^^m\oooo'0'-<sfo^'V)'Or-ociO'0'-' z <N rtOH|>o-oiN>CoSofOfonp^iRotVo5`ooo'OOoeo t"noooovo)os iov o - Rated Surface sq. ft. & z Ofc- (uA -^C4Vi'l"O'Ot'CO0'O'-`N(5iS'lO'Ot^00OlO 31 R esearch L abo r ato r y Sta n d a r d D a t a -- A m e r ic a n So c ie t y of H e a t in g a n d V e n t il a t in g E n g in e e r s R esult o f C ooperative W o rk W ith U . S. Bureau of M ines E xperim ent S ta tio n , P ittsb u rg h , Pa. C o p y r ig h t 1921 . These conversion factors m u ltip lie d b y th e heat loss from any ra d ia to r, operating under th e indicated conditions, give th e heat loss b y th e same ra d ia to r operating a t 215 deg. fa h r. in a room a t 70 deg. fahr. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 32 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 RADIATION REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS ROOM TEMPERATURES The following table from the Establishment of Standard Methods of Proportioning Direct Radiation, by James A. Donnelly (Transactions, Vol. 21, p. 535) gives the proportionate heat losses from buildings, the proportionate transmission from direct radiators, and the proportionate radiation required (with steam at 210 deg.) for various room temper atures, when the outside temperature is zero: TABLE 25. EFFECT OF ROOM TEMPERATURE ON HEAT LOSS AND SIZE OF RADIATOR Room Temperaturb Proportionate Loss IN B.t.u. Difference m Temperature Between Radia tor and Room Proportionate Transmission in B.t.u. Room Temperature Proportionate Surface Required Sq. Ft. 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70f 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 0.50 0.57 0.64 0.71 0.79 0.86 0.93 l.OOf 1.07 1.14 1.21 1.29 1.36 1.43 1.50 1.57 1.64 1.71 175 170 165 160 155 150 145 140f 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 1.34 1.29 1.24 1.19 1.14 1.09 1.05 l.OOf 0.95 0.91 0.87 - 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.66 0.62 0.58 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70f 75 ' 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 0.37 0.44 0.52 0.60 0.69 0.78 0.89 l.OOf 1.12 1.26 1.40 1.56 1.74 1.93 2.15 2.39 ,2.66 2.95 . t Standard Conditions. Assuming that the rate of heat loss from a building varies directly with the difference be tween the outside temperature and the building temperature, and considering the heat loss for zero outside, 70 deg. inside as the standard, or KXVper cent; the second column shows the proportionate loss of beat from a building when the outside temperature is zero, and the inside temperature is as given in the first column. Assuming that the rate of transmission from a direct radi ator to the air of a building Is in proportion to their difference in temperature, with a variation in the rate of transmission of 2 per cent, greater or less, for each 10 deg. increase or decrease in their temperature difference, and considering 140 deg. differ ence in temperature (steam 210 deg., building 70 deg.) as standard, or 100 per cent trans mission. the second column shows the proportionate trans mission when the difference in temperature is as given in the first column. . Assuming that under stand ard conditions of outside tem perature zero, building tempera ture 70 deg- and radiator tem perature 210 deg. (or 140 deg. difference between the radiator and room) the amount of radia tion necessary is 100 per cent, the proportionate amounts of radiation given in the second column are those necessary to heat a building to the tempera tures given in the first column, when the outside temperature is zero. Note.--The amount of surface required for heating is always obtained by dividing the heat loss from the building by the'amounf of heat transmitted per square foot of radiation. Therefore, as may be seen from the above tables, the proportionate amount of surface required for heating is' obtained by dividing the proportionate heat loss from the building by the proportionate transmission of the radiator, in each case. - The preceding table may be used to find the proportionate amount of radiation necessary to heat a room to any desired inside temperature, other than 70 deg., when the outside minimum temperature is other than zero, and with a radiator temperature other than standard. Find the difference between the outside temperature and the room temperature in 33 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 the first column; divide the proportionate heat loss opposite this amount, in the second column, by the proportionate transmission opposite the difference in temperature between the radiator and the room, as given in the fourth column, and the result will be the proportionate amount of radiation required. Example.--What is the proportionate amount of radiation required to heat a room to 90 deg., with a temperature of 20 deg. below zero outside, and a steam temperature of 240 deg. Solution.--The difference in temperature between 20 deg. below outside, and 90 deg. inside, is 110 deg. Opposite 110, the propor tionate heat loss or 1.57 is found in the second column. The difference in temperature between the radiator and the room (steam 240 deg., room 90 deg.) is 150 deg. Opposite this, the Ambrican Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 EFFECT OF AIR CIRCULATION The amount of heat given off by a radiator may also be increased by increasing the velocity of the air over the surface of the radiator. This increase in velocity will increase the amount of heat carried off by convection. No exact data are available on the effects that may be introduced by increasing these velocities over radiator surfaces, but in rooms with moving machinery the heat transmission is increased approximately 10 per cent. EFFECT OF PAINTING The effect of painting was originally determined by experiments made with a cast iron rectangle, and in applying these to radiators of standard type, corrections must be made to allow for the difference between the area of the radiating and converting surfaces. The effect of painting is to change the radiation constant of the radiating Fig. 6. Effect of Humidity on Heat Transmission proportionate transmission 1.09 is found in the fourth column. Divide 1.57 by 1.09 and the quotient, 1.44 is the proportionate amount of radiation required. The late John R. Allen, while Director of the Society's'Research Laboratory, submitted a paper as a report (A. S. H: V. E. Journal, January, 1920), which in addition to the treatise on the heat emitted by various types of radiation, from which the preceding tables were calcu lated gives other data from which the following is taken. ' EFFECT OF HUMIDITY Fig. 6 shows the effecit of increasing the humidity upon the heat transmission. It will be noted that with extreme change of humidity there is a slight change in the heat transmission, the heat transmission reducing slightly as the humidity increases. Humid ity can have very little, if any effect upon radiation, and the effect of humidity must therefore change the converted heat lost by the radiator. This change of converted heat is probably due to the change in the density of the air passing over the radiator. 34 . Fig. 7. Chart Shows Demand upon Boiler for Heating-Up Plant surface and has practically no effect upon the heat lost by convection. It is, therefore, a. surface effect and it makes no difference what paints are placed on the radiator as a priming coat, the results are always dependent upon the last coat of paint put upon the radiator. In radiators having a large proportion of radiating surface such as pipe coils or wall coils, the effect of painting will be more marked than in four-column radiators having a comparatively small radiating surface in proportion to converting surface. All finely ground materials have about the same radiation constant. Therefore all paints having finely ground pigments will give about the same effect. Metals have a poor radiating effect so that any paint involving flake metal, such as the bronze, will have a low radiating constant. The following Table 26 shows the heat loss from a two-column 38-in. radiator, 10 sections long, when painted with different kinds of paints: TABLE 26. EFFECT OF PAINTING ON TWO-COLUMN 38-IN. RADIATOR. STEAM TEM PERATURE 215 DEG., ROOM TEMPERATURE 70 DEG. FAHR. Condition of Surface Per Cent Condition of Surface Per Cent Cast iron bare............................................ 240 Painted with white enamel............. 242 Painted with aluminum bronze................ 200 tf " maroon Japan........... 240 " " gold bronze...... ................ 205 a " white zinc paint....... 242 Painted with no-lustre green enamel 230 35 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 WARMING THE RADIATOR It is often very important to know the maximum condensation that occurs in a radiator when steam is turned on. Fig. 7 shows the condensation rate in pounds per hour for the time elapsing after steam is turned into the radiator. It will be noticed that the maximum condensation occurs 10 min. after steam is turned on, and in that case it amounts to about three and one-half times normal condensation. After the end of 25 min., the radiator had reached a normal rate of condensation. This curve was made from observations at intervals of 10 min. so that the intermediate points between the 10 min. points are not known, and the form of the curve is not exact. It shows, however, that in starting a plant, the demand made upon the boiler may be very much higher than the normal demand. . EFFECT OF ENCLOSING THE RADIATOR It is very often desirable to partly enclose or conceal a radiator by means of screens or grills. All such enclosures in general reduce the heat transmission from the radiator, the effect being both to reduce the radiant heat and the convected heat. As in most radiators, the convected heat is at least two-thirds of the heat transmission, these enclos ures or screens largely affect the convected heat. It is therefore very desirable that the current of air passing over and through the radiator should be restricted as little as possible. There has been some experimental work done, particularly abroad, with reference to these screens. There are, however, so many different cases that may arise that it will not be possible to discuss all of them but only to take up typical ones. Case No. 1.--In this case, Fig. 8, the radiator is enclosed in a box with a screen in , front and at the bottom, and a screen at the top, these screens extending the full length of the radiator. This arrangement reduces the heat transmission of the. radiator from 7 to 10 per cent and in all cases, the spaces between the radiator and the wall and the spaces between the casing and the radiator should be at least 23^ in. The reduction of heat transmission will be more in narrow radiators than in wide radiators. Experiments show that the best results are obtained when the opening at the top has twice the width of the opening at the bottom, and for radiators of ordinary type the width of opening at the bottom should be 5 in. and the opening at the top, 10 in. Case No. 2.--It is sometimes desirable to place a screen in front of the radiator, leav ing the top entirely open with an opening at the bottom in front for the cold air to enter the radiator, as in Fig. 9. In a case of this kind the effect of the screen is to produce a strong current of air ana if this screen is high enough it may even produce a chimney effect which will increase heat transmission from the radiator due to increased circula tion. The effect of such screens depends entirely upon their height. Professor Brabbee states that, with a screen 72 in. high and a 49-in. radiator, the heat transmission will be increased 12 per cent. . Case No. S.--Radiators often have placed over them a flat shelf, as shown in Fig. 10* In such case, they should be provided with a deflector as shown. The effect of the shelf very largely depends upon the height of the shelf above the radiator. When the dis tance D--that is the height of the shelf above the radiator--is 5 in. or over, the effect of the shelf may be neglected. When the distance D is reduced to 4 in., the heat effect may be reduced by 4 per cent. . ' Case No. 4.--Radiators are often enclosed in boxes with a grill in front or recessed in the wall with a grill placed in front of them as in Fig. 11. In such cases, the height, D, is very important. With D equal to 2H in., the heat transmission will be reduced 20 per cent, and with D equal to 6 in., the heat transmission is reduced 10 per cent. It is assumed in this case that the entire front of the box is provided with an open grill. Case No. 5.--Sometimes a grill, as shown in Case 4, is partly replaced by a solid panel with openings above and below as in Fig. 12. With the openings the full length of the radiator and 6 in. in height and with D not less than 4 in., the heat transmission will be reduced 25 per cent. As D is reduced in. height, the heat transmission will also ' be reduced and with D, in., the reduction-will be 40 per cent. Case No. 6.--Radiators are often placed under seats as in Fig. 13. In this case the distance between the top of the radiator and the bottom of the seat becomes very important and should be not less than 3 in. and if possible it should be made 6 in. Under favorable conditions, when D is at least 3 in. and A is equal to 6 in., the heat transmission 36 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 will be reduced from 15 to 20 per cent. When D is small, however say 2 in., and A is reduced to 4 in., this reduction may be 35 or 40 per cent. In tests1 by Prof. K. Brabbee will be found other cases than those cited above. Fig. 9 o I W////////J77. Fig. 10 Different Arrangements of Radiators in EFFECT OF POSITION The effect of position on heat transmitted by a radiator is a subject that has been investigated to a very limited extent. Experiments that are now available show the heat loss from a radiator is about the same whether it is placed on the floor, at the ceiling or in the middle of the room, air temperatures being the same. It seems to make very little difference whether it is placed near the wall or near the middle of the room, as far as condensation is concerned. There is, however, a considerable difference in the heat of the room and the maintaining of a warm floor. This is particularly the case in rooms in which there is very little circula tion of air, due to mechanical means. Many factories that were effec- `Reported by George Stumpf, Jr., in Heating arid Ventilating Magazine, May 1914, p. 23. 37 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 . tively heated with ceiling radiation when belt drives were used have found it necessary to relocate the radiation at the floor, when direct motor drives were installed on machines.. It has been found under these conditions that high temperatures prevail at the ceiling while low tem peratures prevail in the working space. Not only operators have been affected under these conditions but also the output of the individual machines. Best results are obtained when the radiators are placed under the windows and adjacent to doors to the outside. The air heated by the radiators under the windows, rises, mixes with the cold infiltrating air from the windows, circulates across the ceiling, gradually settles to the floor, is drawn up by the radiator and the cycle-continues. The advantage of placing radiators adjacent to the door is that the infiltration at this point is compensated for, the infiltrating air being warmed before it enters the heated space. Placing a radiator close to an outside wall heats the wall immediate behind the radiator, but the infiltrating air through this wall absorbs this heat in part, the rest being used to compensate for the transmission losses through the wall. 38 Chapter III PIPE SIZES FOR STEAM HEATING HERE are two broad divisions that may be very definitely made in Tthe subject of steam main sizes. The first covers the distribution of the steam, and the second its use. The conveyance of steam for any considerable distance is a problem by itself, needing separate analysis and altogether different handling than any of the problems concerning the use of the steam after it has arrived at the building to be heated. Steam flow tables should be used for distribution, and tables giving the capacities of steam mains and branches, radiator connections, etc., under standard or average conditions of use should be applied for sizing the pipes within the buildings. " The velocities of flow used in the distribution of steam are only limited by the available or allowable drop in pressure, while the velocities within the buildings where the steam is used are limited by the critical velocities or the velocities which will allow of sufficient separation of the condensa tion so that defective circulation or water hammer will not occur. - During periods of maximum load on distributing mains, the velocity of flow is often so far above the critical velocity that little, if any, condensa tion is withdrawn by the drips. At the ends of the runs and especially where the pipe sizes are smaller, the velocities used should be well below the critical velocity so that the condensate is completely withdrawn and not carried into the branch supply mains within the buildings. There is no formula of flow available for estimating the friction drop of mixtures of steam and condensation or water primed from the boiler; Excessive moisture in the steam, or boiler priming, may so increase the drop in pressure that an entire failure in operation may result. It is therefore, good practice to provide hand hole or equivalent cleaning means at the bottom of all boilers and a permanent surface blow for boiling off, so that clean water and dry steam may be always maintained. It is quite probable that field research where boilers are priming would show a sur prisingly high friction drop in the steam main. Steam mains should not be dripped on the main trunk lines, and the riser connections and laterals pitched back to the mains. Much better results,are obtained by dripping the mains to take care of their condensa tion, and then pitching the riser connections and laterals to first floor radiators away from the main, and providing additional drips to take care of their condensation separately. In a carefully designed plant, no branch or lateral larger than the supply to a single radiator should be pitched Material for this section especially revised for The Guide by R. V. Frost, Norristown, Pa. 39 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 back against the flow of steam, 'and if it is not certain that the velocity is below the critical limit, the pipe should be provided with a separate drip. : The following tables for the carrying capacities of pipes as used in steam heating installations with the exception of dry returns have been de termined by Unwin's formula for the flow of steam in pipes which reads as follows: .. where W - Weight of steam flowing through the pipe in lb. per min. P ~ Difference of pressure between the two ends of the pipe. C = Density of steam in lb. per cu. ft. d -- Actual inside diameter of pipe. L = Length of pipe in feet. This formula with the capacity expressed in sq. ft. of radiation on the basis of each sq. ft. of radiation with connected piping condensing 0.3 lb. of steam per hour will be as follows: = 17,400 y P C d where R -- Sq. ft. of radiation. L (d + 3.6) Capacities of dry returns have been calculated by the Chezy formula for flow in open conduits which is expressed in the form Q = dcyrs where Q = Discharge in cu. ft. per sec. a ~ Wet area of pipe in sq. ft. r = Hydraulic mean depth (areas of wet cross-section divided by the wet-perimeter.) c = Constant from Kutter's formula. s = Slope or grade. In the tables for one-pipe, two-pipe and vapor systems without the use of thermostatic traps the tables have been calculated on the basis of the water occupying one-eighth the area of the pipe while for vapor systems using thermostatic traps the capacity is based on water occupying threesixteenth the area. All supply mains, branches to riser, when dripped, where steam and condensation flow in the same direction, and supply risers (with the exception of up-feed one-pipe risers), are based on a pressure drop of loz. per 100 ft. length of pipe or equivalent. All supply mains, branches to risers, not dripped where condensation and steam are flowing in opposite directions and up-feed one-pipe risers are based on a velocity.of 16 ft. per second. . 40 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Branches to radiators 5 ft. in length or less are based on velocities from 10 to 19 ft. per second depending on the size of branch while branches to radiators 5 to 10 ft. in length are based on a velocity of approximately 10 ft. per second. Wet returns are calculated on a drop of Yi oz. per 100 ft. length of pipe or equivalent. Radiator valve sizes for one and two-pipe gravity systems are based on standard practice. An allowance must be made for ells and fittings in the line of flow by adding the number of feet given in Table 27 to the straight run of pipe plus 25 ft. for entrance to last radiator to obtain the total equivalent length. ' TABLE 27. FLOW OF STEAM IN PIPES P=Loss in pressure in lb. . d=Inside diameter of pipe in inches L = Length of pipe in feet D=* Weight of 1 cu. ft. steam W=Lb. of steam per min. / P D d* W= 75 Vo / 3.6\ W L P = . 000131 [1 + d J D d* Col. 1 IN OZ. 1 2 3 4 s 6 7 8 10 12 14 16 20 24 28 32 40 48 80 160 320 480 S7.5-A/----yj ioo 2.175 3.076 3.767 4.350 4.863 5.328 5.754 6.152 6.878 7.532 8.138 8.700 9.727 10.655 11.509 12.290 13.756 15.069 19.454 27.512 38.863 47.652 Dia. Pipe 1 im va 2 2A 3 3M 4 iA 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 Col.* 2 1 4/. . 3.6 l1+-r 0.522 1.177 1.828 3.709 6.109 11.183 16.705 23.630 32.098 43.719 69.718 105.35 150.33 205.37 271.16 437.51 733.90 925.19 -- --:....... Press By Gage Col. 3 / Wy d 0.0 0.3 1.3 2.3 5.3 10.3 15.3 20.3 30.3 40.3 50.3 60.3 75.3 100.3 125.3 150.3 175.3 _20_0_.3 ___ .. ... -- 0.193 0.195 0.201 0.207 0.223 0.248 0-. 270 0.290 0.326 0.358 0.388 0.415 0.452 0.507. 0.557 0.603 0.645 0_._68_5 . ___ ___ -- Length Pips in Feet 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 250. 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1400 Col 4 1 100 wY-- 2.240 1.580 1.290 1.120 1.000 0.912 0.841 0.793 0.741 0.710 0.632 0.578 . 0.538 0.500 0..477 0.447 0.407 0.378 0.354 0.333 0.316 0.267 Column 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 = lb. steam per min. will flow through a straight pipe for a given condition. Example.--X oz. drop -- 2-in. pipe -- 1.31b. press. -- 100 ft. long -- 2.175 X 3.709 X 0.201 X 1 = 1.615 lb. per min., then 1.615 X 60 - 20 per cent = 77.28 lb. per hr. 41 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 .Preceding table does not allow for-entrained water in low-pressure steam, condensa tion'in covered pipe and roughness in commercial pipe, therefore reduce calculated capacities approximately .20 per cent: . ` SELECTING THE PROPER PIPE SIZES The steam pressure at the boiler and the allowable loss in pressure in a low-pressure gravity return heating system control the sizing of the piping. The allowable drop in pressure is determined by the available height between the water line of the boiler and where the piping is run, together with the type of boiler and kind of fuel used. In good practice a total pressure drop of not over 2 oz., between the boiler and the farthest radiator, is generally used. Pipe sizing tables are usually given in capacities of square feet of direct radiation based on a rate of condensation of lb. per sq. ft. per hr. Pipe should be graded at least as follows: Inches Supply Mains..................................................................................... 1 Wet Return Mains........................................ 1 Dry Return Mains.............................. 1 Horizontal Branches............................................ 1 Feet 20 20 20 5 Except in rare cases, supply mains should not be made less than 2 in. in size and a supply main starting over 2J4 in. in size should not end less than 2J4 in Pipes of less size than the following should not be used: ' Inches . Dry Return Mains....................................................................................... 1 Wet Return Mains.-................................................................................... Supply Risers... '--................................................................................. ...... 1 Return Risers................................................................................................ 54 The end of all supply mains where dripped into wet mains should be vented through proper size air valves. . The lowest point in a steam main should always be at least 18 in. above the water line of the boiler and more if possible. The lowest point in a dry return main should always be at least 24 in. above the water line of the boiler and more if possible. In residences, small apartments and smaller buildings where the firing of the boiler is intermittent, frequently extending over a period of 6 to 10 hr., the pressure at the boiler will vary and a pressure drop of over 2 oz. should not be considered in designing the piping. In large apart ments, public buildings and smaller buildings, where the boiler is fired as often as necessary and pressure is maintained constantly, greater pres sure drops than 2 oz. can be used in designing the piping. Capacities given in Table 27 are based on an initial pressure pf at least twice the pressure drop, and for a straight run of pipe 100 ft. long and no allowance is made for friction due to valves, elbows and tees. Table 28 gives the number of feet to be added, for various kinds of valves and fittings, to the measured length. Example.--A 4-in. pipe measures 160 ft. and contains one gate valve, and 6 elbows. Then from Table 28 find: 42 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 1--4" Gate Valve. 6-4' Elbows........ -........... = 5'-0" 6 X 14 = 84'-0" Length to be Added.......................................................-................ = 89'-0" Measured Length............................................... ............... --........... = 160'-0" Equivalent Length!........................................................... ............... = 249'-0" Table 27, under Column 4, gives factors for changing amounts of radi ation as given in Table 29 for other lengths than 100 ft. Example.--The above example gave an equivalent length of 249 ft. for 4-in. pipe. To find how many square feet of direct radiation this pipe will supply for any given pressure drop, take square feet of radiation given in Table 29 for 4-in. pipe 100 ft. run and multiply by factor given in Column 4 Table 27. Factor for 250 ft. run as taken from Column 4 Table 27 = 0.632. Amount of radiation a 4-in. pipe will supply with 2-oz. pressure drop widi an initial pressure of at least 4 oz. if 100 ft. long as taken from Table 29 = 2866 sq. ft., then, 2866 X 0.632 = 1811 sq. ft. a 4-in. pipe will supply if it has an equivalent length of 259 ft. Valves and fittings of similar sizes of different manufacturers vary in the resistance they offer to the flow of steam or water. In estimating lengths of pipes it is necessary to include the resistance offered by the various fittings. The following Table 28 gives this in units of length, in feet, to be added to the measured length of pipe for a given kind of fitting. TABLE 28. LENGTH IN FEET OF PIPE TO BE ADDED TO ACTUAL " LENGTH OF RUN Size of Pipe St'd. Elbow Side Outlet Tee Gate Valve Globe Valve Ancle Valve Length in Feet to be Added in Run 2' m" 3' 3H' 4" 5" 6" 7' 8' 9" 10" 12" 14" 5 7 10 12 14 18 22 26 31 35 39 47 53 16 20 26 31 35 44 50 55 63 69 76 90 105 2 18 9 3 25 12 3 33 . 16 4 39 19 5 45 22 7 57 28 9 70 32 10 82 37 12 94 42 13 105 47 15 118 52 18 140 63 20 160 72 Example of length in feet of pipe to be added to actual length of run. h-- -v MEASURED LENGTH. - Bl.-O .+-6ATE VALVE. - 5:0. wo--: A~r EL eon's. - sg-o EQUIVALENT LENGTH - 193-0' 43 1924-25American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, a* O J<P3 bO c .S 81 = -o (3 (3 4) O Q iHp'NOoHUw^v'vO)NcOytfNr4Ov7We^WorOft^Nt^f^C''^100-'O-'t0--^->^e'OO'N'00ftOO00--O'<',fC^*\05C'^O#OH)4'OOiN--'iotrf'oO*IO^NnOOOiNoiOW*OO-ONlc^NO5ri*-sQi>O-^iCe'OOsSOoO"O>f'OO^'iO5f*ioOOv'OOOOuf'O'O6iOOTM'O#Oto'f--'NOOOc''*00-^' 3Q^`OOsO\,5f'O'-'*^r^MP^.^-0Q00--00 >hO5O^O'0--iHo(aNro-*oCS'20*HoOQO'C^Oi-C*NN(9N>-Ofo>oroO bOsNWOOON^>ONoO*-W'OeOQ(S4l'v______ . . N -- CS 'T I ;Sgs^^C_^SgCScO^_C;!^SOc_NC_sNSOoCOON,6O-COOS.^'^CODONOr*C5VOOQlCvOOo^'N&fOOr^--Ct,>O''O00fO-'0O'Cf0*O'f>--'f0OO>-->^<i'TOd0j' lo^oiOcsin'0fOoO^cr^s\c0s^-->c>stH^i^>^.T50)'orfoCr OfOfO't'-O-IOf-Noto"0a>o0^f#s)OfoN^io')'Nor' >lrC0O^'0l^--C^OSOc^O^-'0tC<StiiOogTOO^OsVOOv U. VU O cS .H* a e O J c > -- X H > S*& 8 L2 5 E> Oc b) * 3w -- O <D e 0$ 0. OOSoT'.olSOl c 4>) *S) o V a 'a (3 c tC^h0'0f<r~5'0-0*'rto't''0#fi,Ooif0O't^N0iOr^O'^,i --'0'f0'ncOscOs^--OOnOOOO'O--OOO'O'OO'^trfOOfONr^O-CiT^' OO'ON'OfOOs'OO'OO^ WOi 'ONO'NO|0"*00>* --" O'CM^'tOOOO^iOf^t^-^- I'OS'O-OOOOOO'OO^ oooeo'O'O'OO'-1--- cs cs cr. --NCSO^OOOO^OOfOWOfOCO ^0*-H'^<5,0-^Jc^c9s,c^Os?cO0scM'*-5l,O0rof'c!*^o0^{(?"S^'fi^TO'*0OT'O'#^<*f^sioO,r0'^''HS,fO'0'O'ffstO'*occ-co0^r0^-cO^oo`G#o>cCoO'foOOoO'OOC\O04v\ NN-4fOHO^-oHN>'OtO'O(NS'O'O^CC'OSOOQWO'O1Oa0^0N'ttI0OOC0NiNOoOO5l>C'*Sr)*-<i0tN^>-'0'Q-'"0'*O)C'tOJ,SN'<^O)f0'C*'OsS-3Nt',.V0OOO^ f'NCS<rO*^crlf0s-'^'0^|0t'>'Ct0c00sQ0o'e00'^--0-,H--^-|N-f--'O`(*C*o)HoSOoffcOSo-^f"iN't-jO,^.>^QOo0Hw^OV^f-)OH>0oWO'OOOC'0OOS'c'OClsOoS0MON'ifN^MlfMsf(0oNNoTM^^t,l'MOO'0 olOt)^C<S'-HCO:tO:C^Oop'TrOtCNsfO-irr>^O^'f'0'-f^O'aOQ'TOf'OM-O^OOiTfOj'O'OOicos^'O'MOQ'^O^-'--too? ON-.i^iOI>*Of,4.MN'tOr'-NO^'>-'^fOlnvi-o>O^`i--O*T,)f0N'OO\Ocsn^''OOot^O^Or*cNst'nOnc-OiOOO'0 o _ w. qJ v> a .g 8 fc a** o. . 1:1u. c3 j_> +-* *- " C g .82 <C"U `3{3*5a5 gu u4> B-s K S'0 0.9* a aJ`> &ag "s'0? J-ONO w O rtU, tiH a g 1 -g `3. 8-8 H o S~ gat 35 i--oNtHO-N^3c"sOQN>oo^ofos^^'NO4t>f'ON'oOofoOC-iM(nO*oO'O,toNoO*-.TQf'O--cco4O5r4nioo\ -e_O_OvONiON^-C0S'rM^WO'tClOSiO0''*O/)NCN40O0,O3`OO'`GOO'O*0O<Nfl >cscscoco^^<iO'Or>*ooovO^-csfOr**iO'Or 44 ! T A B L E 30. O N E -P IP E STEAM Capacity in Sq. Ft. of Radiation A Com mercial Pipe Sizes rp 1924-25American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, Globe Valves 44)) Cj as y.s 1" s 5 W G4CJC4C4.............. h w co ^ 0 cwoecooeeo> ^40* S 00 >0 d ceoi3v1 N-* oTj> CO CO Q0 d<-"oic4idt!oei'v cd cCii dCCCcftCiNftV ss MS s4) ki. j*s 58 Jas. 5t5 c Radiator Valve Sizes 24 60 100 200 5 ft. in length or less 1 5 ft. to 1 0 ft. In length Wet Drip Mam CX cMcOo z e6 < is2 a. siD > 0-- Q V0 8=M'S XS'S* W 0 j"gao Q=< S3 33 CO 180 420 900 1.500 3.000 4.900 9.000 13.000 18,500 : -^eodMovdPcCDtCi>O L. >, . 4> Q Pi O .. 4j> Qs Steam Risers VVOHS)) (5 OS 0b. Vfi). 5 c s Q < 0 s n Q Wet Steam Risers ` 1 Dry ssss --.23 o M 4* *5 c II S Q E.S S XdC4CXQ^> la SSR^^ -<-N B |a =^ s E5 H !o iff Is si *2*2 * o Ea * a t 01 - Jt5 io I - 3 C O i 24 60 24 1 0 0 60 200 100 is ?8S il J *3* 40 75 100 170 220 340 460 600 For Down Feed Risers See Note Risers. Steam and water flowing op posite direction. Supply M ain Branch Supply Main Branch to Risers (dripped). to Risers; Up-Feed Steam' and water flowing same direc tion. B 40 75 150 300 500 900 1.500 2 ,0 0 0 2,800 3,600 0 .0 0 0 9.000 13.000 23.000 37.000 I xHa-HflNxMxnf <r <A 0 t-aOOd 1 '' I *8 is . :5^5 SC42t-- &*" *> oc i|l I ! 11 vm e COj |s' ; S 51 111: :u CO 1 C T A B L E 31. TW O -PIPE STEAM Capacity of Pipes in Sq. Ft. of Radiation American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 oi c&* a; og Om o-sl O rt cS-> cer iE B*2 Sjg wg 20 2 s Qgi as S *J ee -- c -- ll; vgc'5 *cA5IgOi*oCgQ8i O*roOoQOcs --i CO ooooooooo MNOOOOOQQ H^ftiOOOlOOO -H CO CJ CO CO 30000 Issss siSSS r< -XMCSCQ^ loiooooooo !; vnSHCSOoIQoQoIOoO --1<N :sx X EE Jj WK SS! sacs sa: 22 2oo 2to N CO 2 oooo 2o 2OO2O2O2' Tf 40 noo, oo 2ir cH _oe> r 323 g uj^ "ES O 0*0 o2 E 3*- E 3 =i?c' cISl & 3i.2C-v fut r2t !" SgJ C . go-gS E to w n i_ *> -gffSl -|g-g S 8fe-" a = 5*oo-2 *v>.Vs co M n vA5 "v2b-" swl e2 av o M C O 3 *3 "13 s ss Ilil3 22 5fi|S|w H 41 -> oo o *C* --o o CO -o ga Is TftJ.TCa33 Is w or- S2& i-co c-. "3--45 ~*T o . = js - Sigs liasIS si* ifUil 4feotJ+.eS* . OO_ Q $Z*i& E|I.S S3 2,,S<*? * !|soS|i 3 3 h-5 c a uO i3 ~5 C lm 8 8 2.3 co'O e -2a*L. oo r ra*o --ga *e** "u*oC"iflt JH-d5S5o*gj Sfac --^ .S *oo"gf4t Eo a,- rt 4i J o o O..O v "8a . a o1 *2s-o S5 2 ft 5 "3 o ' 82s S Sgc2 cS^'S *Sg Jj 3*8^ 4) o o T & 3' !3a|i is o "sSi ,, t ,?"S 2 2g"3S "3a5S3.- 9 silt! a-c Eh S3 Soist-oSoo -s m3 Jfc ft s " eo SEo 46 !l T A B L E 32. LOW PRESSURE G R A V IT Y VAPOR W IT H OR W IT H O U T USE OF R A D IA T O R RETURN TRAPS . Capacity in P ipes in Sq. F t. of R adiation American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 du ; .n 3 ** g 3E w *aC 3 * aa o ^ 32 ns c o c aS g *o *r*t 5 = o o 5 *. .S b 2S ft S >. X . S *2 82 -1O 04 coo S ; C Co ! rt Sj3 !E cx ^ S "si? Cos 4* 4> fl# *-* ta .23 -Q.ft S2 ftft g'S 3 s a gji H oo 2 2*3 c >. -o 2'5o 8 ' ON g5 s? 3 2w ft e 9.0 -as 8 s-s 1- n 3 a = ft. eo Sb E ai O-- | E-- - 2o, g C41 jo gas ft o-ft its- ft -83 c E ig =s -g, I 4) 41 a *- : SoS, 3-- -COyo ' 8 05 2-0 ,2*-S , ,, O-fi " o o-S :! ft 2a2y So C c S5S gll !S2?g4o *-,ls e > 6U g g '.2 o *5*0oo o o -- crt -ae*go .*{ o fco*a .1: on o*o SE S5SH gc S3 s i 41 -> O s sjs lfftt 45;-t"g^ft o u 111 f g S58 S2S%1 l-S- 2 sN ! a Sj-c * *- J5*C 2 8 ^3l.gc -ft 2 ci e i E S)S ewe " o ca S|S|Je^ m J tS & . O S3 S 8 85 41 * O -- * f> 341 2lfl?g >2St "I S 3 ^ ^ f 3 jt>-c1i: 41 e H * > -- ct = -- 47 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924*25 PIPE SIZES FOR VAPOR SYSTEMS Table 33 is computed for pressure loss of 2 oz. at the farthest radiator for length of main, allowing for average amount of elbows, tees, etc., and condensation in covered piping--steam and condensation .flowing in same direction. Then to size a main for a gravity return vapor job using radiator return traps--measure length of piping from boiler to farthest radiator and use column for this length for sizing entire length. Example.--Measured length from boiler to farthest radiator = 295 ft., then use Column F, for sizing main for entire length. At end of main = 280 sq. ft. = 2H* Main 50' from end of main = 450 sq. ft. Total load to this point = 730 sq. ft. =* 3H" Main Near boiler = 400 sq. ft. - Total load to boiler = 1130 sq. ft. = 4* Main . TABLE 33. CAPACITY OF SUPPLY MAINS IN SQ. FT. Col. A Size of Pipe 2 3 3M 4 4K 5 6 7 8 10 12 Measured Length op Pipe in Ft. from Boiler to Farthest Radiation Col. B 10CK 325 550 1,000 1,500 2,100 2,900 3,700 5,700 8,000 11,000 20,000 30,000 Col. C iso* 260 450 ' 810 1,215 1,700 2,350 3,000 4,600 6,480 8|900 16,200 24,300 Col. D 200' 390 710 1,065 1,500 2,060 2,600 4,047 5,680 7,810 14,200 21,300 Col. E 250' 347 632 948 1,325 1,830 2,340 . 3,600 5,050 6,950 12,600 18,960 Col. F 300' 310 578 860 1,200 1,670 2,140 3,300 4,600 6,350 11,500 17,300 Col. G 400' 275 500 750 1,050 1,450 1,850 2,850 4,000 5,500 10,000 15,000 For steam and condensation flowing in opposite directions use pipe one larger than given in table. TABLE 34. CAPACITIES OF SUPPLY RISERS IN SQ. FT. Col. A Size of Pipe i" i X' IX' 2" 2X" 3' Col. B lay 40 75 150 300 500 900 Length in Ft. from Boo.br to End of Riser Col. C 150' 32 60 120 240 400 730 Col. D 200' 28 53 105 210 355 630 Col. E 25<y 25 47 95 190 315 565 Col. F. 3ay 23 43 86 173 285 520 v Horizontal branches to risers to be one size larger than riser. 48 Col. G 4ocy 20 37 75 150 250 450 TABLE 35. CAPACITY OF WET RETURN MAINS IN SQ. FT. Size of Pipe 1H' . i X' 2' 2M' 3' 3X' Length 100'........................... Length 200'........................... Length 300'...... .................... 1,500 1,200 1,000 3.000 2,500 2.000 6,000 5.000 4.000 10,000 8,000 6,000 18,000 14.000 11.000 26,000 20,000 16,000 RETURN RISERS Size of Pipe--- ---------------~----------------------------------------- H' 300 1# IX' IX' 630 1,300 2,200 TABLE 36. RADIATOR CONNECTIONS Supply Return Vertical Inlet Pipe to Valve Horizontal Runout from Vertical Inlet Pipe to Riser or Main Up to 5' Long Over 5' Long Stub to Valve Horizontal Runout to Riser or Main X" X' V IX' 24 sq. ft. = 1' 70 sq. ft. = IX' 150 sq. ft. = IX' 200 sq. ft. = 2" 16 sq. ft. = 1' 60 sq. ft. = IX' 130 sq. ft. - IX' 175 sq. ft. = 2" } X' Radiators to be water type ol Dot over 200 sq. It. capacity, tapped or bushed at the top for supply valve and at the bottom in. eccentric turned down for return trap. Supply and return connections can be made at same or opposite ends as desired.. All radiators to be washed clean of core sand before making valve connections. PIPE SIZES FOR VACUUM HEATING Table 37 is computed for pressure loss of 16 oz. at the farthest radiator for length of main, allowing for average amount of elbows, tees, etc., and condensation in covered piping. Steam and condensation flowing in same direction. To size a main--measure length of piping from boiler or pressure reducing valve to farthest radiator and use column for this length for sizing entire length. TABLE 37. CAPACITY OF SUPPLY MAINS IN SQ. FT. Col. A Measured Length of Pipe in Ft. from Boiler or P. R. V. to Farthest Radiator Size of Pipe Inches 2 2X 3 3X 4 *X 5 6 7 8 10 12 Col. B Col. C nxy 940 1,570 2,800 4,200 6,000 8,250 11,000 17,300 25,500 36,000 65,590 94,500 . 200' 667 1,115 1,988 2,982 4,260 5,857 7,810 12,280 18,100 25,560 46,570 67,095 Col. D 300' 543 800 1,610 2,427 3,480 4,770 6,360 10,000 14,750 20,800 38,000 54,600 Col. E 400' 470 785 1,400 2,100 3,000 4,125 5,500 8,650 12,750 18,000 32,795 47,250 Col. F 500' Col. G 750' ...... 1,250 1,877 2,680 3,687 4,917 7,733 11,398 16,080 29,320 42,240 __ 1,090 1,638 2,340 3,215 4,290 6,745 9,945 14,040. 25,580 36,850 CoJ. H 1,000' ...... 880 1,320 1,895 2,607 3,475 5,465 8,055 11,375 20,730 29,860 49 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 38. CAPACITIES OF RETURN MAINS IN SQ. FT. 'Size of Pipe 1' ' IK' IK' 2' 2Hr 3' 3M' 'Length 300' 600 1,200 3,000 8,200 15,000 28,500 40,000 " 800' 375 750 1,875 5,200 9,700 17,000 25,000 " 1,750' 600 1,300 3,750 . 6,700 12,000 18,000 " 2,500' 1,125 3,000 5,600 9,425 15,000 TABLE 39. CAPACITIES OF SUPPLY RISERS IN SQ. FT. Size of Pipe 1' IK' ilA' 2* 2K' 3' "Length 200' " 400' " 600' " 1,000' " 2,000' 73 52 42 33 23 160 248 114 177 92 '145 72 112 51 80 500 357 290 225 160 Horizontal branches to risers to be one size larger than riser. 830 1,500 592 1,040 480 845 374 657 264 463 3M' 4,750 3,240 2,630 2,045 1,450 TABLE 40. CAPACITIES OF RETURN RISERS IN SQ. FT. Size of Pipe H" 1' IK" 'Length 200' " 400' " 600' < 1,000' " 2,000' 700 1,400 3,150 560 1,120 2,480 420 840 1,750 350 - 700 1,470 230 460 1,050 Length equals measured distance from vacuum pump to end of riser. Length equals measured distance from boiler or pressure reducing valve to end of riser. Capacities as given in Tables 38, 39. 40. include allowances for elbows, tees. etc. TABLE 41. RADIATOR CONNECTIONS Capacity in Sq. Ft. Radiation Size of Inlet Valve Supply Vertical. Pipe to Inlet Valve Horizontal Runout to Vertical Inlet Pipe Return : Horizontal Size Trap Stub to Trap Runout to Stub 1 to 100 101 to 200 201 to 300 K" V IK' K' 1* IK" i' IK" IK" K" K' K" K' K' K' K" K" %' Radiators to be water pattern tapped or bushed top and bottom opposite ends. Steam pattern radiators can be used when tapped of bushed eccentric opposite ends with supply bushing turned up and return' bushing turned down. 50 Chapter IV PIPE SIZES FOR STEAM WITH COUNTER FLOW OF CONDENSATE THE Research Laboratory of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers is making an investigation of the Flow of Steam in Pipes with the Counter Flow of Condensate. The object o <(taLtj 64 56 (Q r 48 r i 40 ? t + 7 r( J u> / s 7 y ( 0 24 17 5Q 16 Z7 3a 4 A A' s 4V b F1 . / Fu => I 7 J t i Fj F / uF C ,r 1 HEADER PRESSURE IN INCHES OF WATER Fig. 14. Capacities of Steam Pipes as Affected by Critical Velocity op Steam and Condensate Mixtures of'the investigation is, first, to determine the fundamental phenomena taking place in such a pipe, and, second,, to determine the capacity of various connections found in heating practice. In connection with this This section especially compiled by F. C. Houghten, New York. 51 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 investigation the following problems have thus far been studied, at the Research Laboratory and complete reports will be found in the Society's Journal: 1. Critical velocity of risers--one and two-pipe systems; 2. Effect of rounded, reamed and unreamed entrances, to pipe upon the critical velocity; 3. Effect of entrances of pipe cut with single and three-wheel cutters upon, the critical velocity; 4. Effect of unions and couplings upon the critical velocity; 5. Critical velocity in horizontal, vertical and inclined pipes; 6. Effect of high pressures, horizontal offsets and valves. Fig. 14 shows the relation between the pressure drop through a 10 ft. vertical pipe and its capacity. N u m be r of Z Riser 3 Dianv t c c t^Pip Type df Entrance bottom Point Sr i*P Covered Entrant Witt S. A B < lit ll lA lit AAC A iA Ar apri it ,s Kfeomed * if 1 iA Bounded Ji Vented (wdfcr _L Three . . iA ti $ iA iA iA iA A A ri' E 3 iA u i IS iA ii s fa |,4 i e>---- - D w| --o--- --1> ---; --- c 4 h-*-- h-- . --H iavARED Entrance Reamed Entrance ------A---- - =r Roonoed Entrance 5<HG4x4rHREeWan6,TTER (Qi L- IM - -- (cl Ml tlW-Jf.RCltARoiiAS---BuKbWOr MUin PITTWRM Pin. |pTr.>tyT.<fr-'u pgVta wo. Fig. 15: Details of Four Types of Entrances Tested The capacity of a vertical pipe is greatly affected by the shape of its entrance. By gently flaring the entrance of the pipe its capacity may be greatly increased. A series of tests were made on 1-in. risers with various shaped entrances as shown in Fig. 15. The maximum capacities obtained in these tests were as follows: Reamed entrances... Rounded entrances.. Squared entrances... Three wheel cutter.. Single wheel cutter., 24.7 lb. 23.9 lb. 22.2 lb. 19.2 lb. 17.6 lb. 52 perhr. perhr. perhr. perhr. perhr. Per Cent Decrease 0.0 3.2 10.1 22.2 28.7 v ifia a i American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 42. EFFECT OF VARIATION OF SIZE AND SMOOTHNESS OF PIPE Per Cent Difference due to Variation of Pipe Capacity of Pipe..... Minimum....... =.......... Maximum.................. Per Cent Variation. Maximum Condensation, Lb. per Hr. 14.00 15.20 8.6 1* 24.89 30.08 20.8 IK* 45.42 52.08 14.7 Hi' 70.50 82.00 16.3 Table 42 shows the variation in capacity of a pipe as affected by varia tion of size and smoothness of pipe generally found on the market. The maximum and minimum results were obtained by picking out very smooth and very rough pipe from the stock room of a large manufacturer. The capacity of risers based upon 18 and 22 ft. velocity is given in Table 43. TABLE 43. CAPACITIES OF ONE PIPE RISERS Allowable Velocity in Feel per Second Dia. OK PlPB In. 1% iH 2 18 Cono. Lb. Hr. 8.9 14.5 25.2 34.2 56.5 Sq. Ft. Rad. B.t.u. Loss Hr. Based on 240 B.t.u. 8,640 14,070 24,460 33,190 54,830 36.0 58.6 101.9 138.1 228.4 22 Cond, Lb. Hr. 10.9 17.8 30.8 41.8 69.0 Sq. Ft. Rad. B.t.u. Loss Hr. Based on 240 B.t.u. 10,580 17,270 29,890 40,560 66,960 44.1 72.0 124.5 169.0 279.0 TABLE 44. PITCH REQUIRED IN HORIZONTAL PIPES TO GIVE SAME CAPACITY AND VELOCITY AS GIVEN IN TABLE 43 FOR RISERS OF LIKE SIZE Allowable Velocity in Feet per Second Nominal Diam. op Pipe in In. Cond. in Lb. per Hr. 18 B.T.U. Loss per Hr. Sq. Ft. Rad. Based on 240 B.t.u. 1 Pitch op Pipe In. per 10 Ft. Cond. in Lb. per Hr. 22 B.t.u. Loss per Hr. Sq. Ft. Rad. Based on 240 B.t.u. Pitch op Pipe In. per 10 Ft. 1 1.00% 8.9 14.5 8,640 14,070 36.0 58.6 0.75 10.9 10,580 17.8. 17,270 44.1 72.0 2.6 to 3.0 1.7 to 2.0 1.00iX 25.2 24,460 101.9 0.50 30.8 29,890 124.5 1.00i}| 34.2 33,190 138.1 0.50 41.8 40,560 169.0 . 2 1.00 56.5 54,830 228.4 0.50 69.0 66,960 279.0 53 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 45. MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF ONE PIPE LINES AT VARIOUS PITCHES . Pilch of Pipe in Inches per 10 Ft: Nominal Diam. op Pipe in In. K' K' COND. Lb. pee Hr. B.t.u. Loss per Hr. Sq. Ft. Rad. Based on 240 B.t.u. COND. Lb. per Hr. B.t.u. Loss per Hr. Sq. Ft. Rad. Based on 240 B.t.u. x 1 iK IK 2 X 1 . IX m 2 X i IK m 2 X l IK IK 2 6.19 11.32 25.95 35.25 58.40 9.22 15.58 32.93 44.80 74.10 10.50 18.60 38.10 51.80 85.70 11.74 21.75 42.68 58.10 96.80 6,010 10,990 25,180 34,210 56,670 1" 8,950 15,110 31,950 43,470 71,910 2" 10,190 18,050 36,970 50,270 83,160 V 11,390 21,110 41,420 56,350 93,240 25.0 45.8 104.9 142.6 236.0 37.3 63.0 133.0 181.0 299.5 42.5 75.2 154.0 209.3 346.5 47.5 87.9 172.6 234.8 388.4 7.48 13.02 29.00 39.30 65.20 10.00 17.30 35.75 48.60 80.50 11.40 20.55 40.80 55.50 91.90 12.19 22.31 44.07 60.00 99.21 7,260 12,630 28,140 38,140 63,270 IK' 9,700 16,790 34,690 47,160 78,120 3" 11,060 19,940 39,500 53,860 89,180 . 5' 11,830 21,650 42,760 58,220 96,270 30.3 52.6 117.2 159.0 263.5 40.4 70i0 144.5 196.5 325.5 , 46.1 83.0 165.0 224.0 371.5 49.3 90.2 178.2 242.6 401.1 The accompanying tables are all for low pressure steam, that is, with the radiator at atmospheric pressure. Table 46 gives the maximum capacity of various sized pipes for steam pressures up to 1 lb., and also the velocity for the same pipe with the radiator at atmospheric pressure. TABLE 46. RESULTS OF TESTS USING HIGH PRESSURE STEAM Nominal Site op Pipe In. Pitch op Pipe in Decrees Header Pressure Lb. per Sq. In. i 90 1 90 IK 90 IK 90 IK -0.05 IK 0.0833 l 18.0833 6.25 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Radiator Pressure Lb. per Sq. In. Maximum Maximum Condensate Velocity Lb. Ft. per Hr. per Sec. 0.250.500.501.001.001.00^ 1.00- 24.49 26.35 49.90 72.58 27.27 21.30 31.63 30.1 31.8 34.2 36.4 13.7 14.2 37.2 Maximum Velocity WITH Radiator Open to Atmosphere Per Cent Change from Maximum 30.1 30.1 35.2 38.5 14.6 15.8 36.5 00.0 +5.8 -2.8 -5.4 -6.2 -10.1 +19 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Table 47 gives the capacity of various sized lines with and without an angle valve. It will be noted that the valves used in these tests had a seat opening smaller than the internal area of the pipe. The capacity of such lines containing a valve varies from 63 to 95 per cent of the same line without the valve. NOMINAL Size of Pipe In. K l IK IK TABLE 47. RESULTS OF TESTS ON ANGLE VALVES Area of Pipe Sq. in. 0.537 0.835 1.459 1.927 Area Valve Seat Opening Sq. In. Per Cent of Area of Pipe 0.4418 0.822 1.258 1.773 82.2 98.4 86.2 92.2 Maximum Pipe and Valve 9.68 22.10 30.00 46.13 Capacity Pipe Alone Per Cent of Capacity of Pipe Alone 13.52 23.30 47.5 68.5 71.6 95.0 63.1 67.4 The capacity of various sized lines with a globe valve is given in Table 48, with the valve stem both in a vertical and horizontal position. It will be noted that with the stem in the vertical position the capacity of such a line varies from 11 to 35 per cent of the capacity of the same line without such a valve. With the valve stem in the horizontal position the capacity of the line varies from 54 to 76 per cent of the capacity of the same line without the valve. In other words, the capacity of a globe valve is somewhat less than the capacity of a pipe of the same nominal TABLE 48. RESULTS OF TESTS ON GLOBE VALVES Pitch = 0.4 In. per Ft. Nominal Size In. K l IK IK Valve Stem--Vertical Capacity of Pipe and Valve Lb. per Hr. 1.38 7.73 13.20 18.81 Per Cent of Capacity of Pipe Alone 11.8 35.7 31.2 33.0 Valve Stem---Horizontal Capacity of Pipe and Valve Lb. per Hr. 8.83 14.06 22.88 32.00 Per Cent of Capacity of Pipe Alone 76.3 66.1 . 54.3 56.7 ' Nominal Size of Pipe and Valve In. X I IK IK TABLE 49. RESULTS OF TESTS ON GATE VALVES Area of Pipe Sq. In. Area of Valve ' Sq. In. 0.5373 0.860 1.459 1.927 0.4418 0.809 1.208 1.743 Pitch - 0.4 In. per Ft. Pitch = 90 dec. fahr. Capacity of Pipe and Valve Lb. per Hr, 10.15 22.50 33.13 50.93 Per Cent of Capacity of Same Pipe Without Valve 85.9 94.0 100. 90.4 Capacity of Pipe and Valve Lb. per Hr. 10.55 18.78 32.50 52.00 Per Cent of Capacity of Same Pipe Without Valve 78.0 78.0 68.6 75.9 55 , American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 size when the stem is horizontal. When the stem is in the vertical position the capacity is reduced very much further. - The capacity of various sized lines containing a gate valve is given in Table 49. In a number of the tables listed the word maximum capacity is used. This is the maximum value obtained at the Research Laboratory with smooth operation. In actual practice the system should be so designed as to allow a reasonable factor of safety. 56 Chapter V THE BOILER FUNCTIONS OF THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE HEATING SYSTEM ASTEAM heating plant consists of three major parts, the boiler, the piping and the radiation, each of which has certain functions to perform in offsetting the heat loss from the building. It is the function of the boiler to deliver at its outlet the necessary amount of dry steam to the piping system. It is the function of the piping system, including valves, to distribute this dry steam to the various radiators and to return the condensate to the boiler at the same rate as it leaves the boiler in the form of steam. It is the function of the radiators to transmit the heat contained in the steam to the various rooms to be heated. It is under stood that before the piping and valves can distribute the steam, they must first eliminate the air from the system. By dry steam is meant steam containing less than 2.per cent moisture. RATED VS. OPERATING CAPACITY OF A BOILER Commercial ratings of boilers are generally computed on the following 'basis: Number of pounds of dry steam (or its equivalent, as stated, in square feet of direct radiation) that the boiler can deliver at its outlet per hour, when operating under certain specified conditions, as to: Con dition of boiler, draft intensity, kind and quality of coal burned per hour, and period of firing and method of operation as indicated by the CO, recorder and temperature of flue gases. No rating is reliable unless definite operating conditions are specified. The operating capacity of a boiler may range anywhere from 20 per cent of its rated capacity to 150 per cent of its rating in modern heating boilers. To expect a boiler to develop its rated capacity with oil in the boiler, air leaks between the sections or through the setting, fouled heating surface, dirty grade of coal, weak draft, and incompetent firing and operating conditions, is about on a par to expect a racing automobile to win a race with water in the oil, leaky set of tires, fouled spark plugs, poor grade of gas, im proper carburetor adjustment, and a novice at the wheel. The operating capacity or efficiency of any heating boiler, high or low pressure, depends more upon the operating conditions than upon the design of the boiler--important as proper design may be. This point cannot be emphasized too strongly as it is one that is frequently lost sight of. 57 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 DETERMINING BOILER CAPACITY REQUIRED FOR A PARTICULAR INSTALLATION First determine from the boiler manufacturer whether his complete line of boilers has been tested according to the A. S. H. & V. E. Boiler Testing Code Revision of 1923 (See p. 65). Look for the evidence of such testing in his catalog also facts as to fuel capacity, evaporative power and on the smaller boilers, length of firing period, efficiency and draft requirements. The net amount of radiation should be increased by about 20 per cent for line losses to determine the total heating load on the boiler. The smaller the boiler, the greater the handicaps it usually must operate under, such as poor draft, dirty coal, sooty heating surface, incompetent attention, etc. To offset those handicaps on boilers used for residence heating, a factor of safety of 50 to 100 per cent should be figured above the total load in determining boiler capacity. In larger size installations the operating conditions are more favorable where a factor of safety of 25 to 75 per cent is ample. Under ordinary operating conditions any boiler should be able to develop at least its full rated capacity. . IMPORTANCE OF DRAFT The capacity a boiler is capable of developing depends more upon the amount of draft available than upon any other factor. Assuming that a chimney is smoke tight and well built according to the Ordinance for Construction of Chimneys, 1921 (recommended by the National Board of Fire Underwriters and approved by the Society), the intensity of the draft depends upon the height of the chimney, and. the quantity or amount of draft depends principally upon the effective area of the chim ney. According to their height, heating chimneys are divided into three classes, the erratic, uncertain and reliable. Chimneys less than 36 ft. high are erratic in their action. The head produced by such a low height, is so small that the least unfavorable condition or interference practically puts the chimney out of commission. Chimneys between 36 ft. and 64 ft. in height are in the doubtful zone, sometimes good and sometimes bad. The head produced by this rela tively low height is frequently offset by slight unfavorable conditions that may be difficult to locate. Chimneys over 64 ft. in height are usually reliable, because as a rule the chimney is designed by an engineer and must be well built to sustain such a heavy load and the height is such as to produce considerable head or force to offset unfavorable weather con ditions, etc. Chimneys in this class produce about 0.009 in. draft per ft. of height in zero weather with 600 deg. in the stack according to the formula: where P. = draft pressure in inches of water. H = height of chimney in feet. To -- absolute temperature of outside air. T& = absolute temperature of stack gases. 58 For low pressure heating boilers, water heaters and warm air furnaces conservative modern practice in the matter of chimney sizes is in accord ance with the accompanying schedule, Table 50: TABLE 50. CHIMNEY SIZES Warm Air Furnace Capacity in Leader Pipe Sq. In. Steam Boiler Capacity Sq. Ft. . OP Radia tion Hot Water Heater Capacity Sq. Ft. OF Radia tion Nominal Dimen sions of FirbClay Lining In. Rectangular Flue Actual - . Inside Dimensions Actual of Area Fire Clay ' Sq. In. Lining ' . In. Effec tive Area Sq. In. round Flub Inside Diameter of Lining In. Effec tive Area Sq. In. Height in Ft. from Grate- 790 590 973 834*13 7x1134 81 70 35 1000 690 1140 10 79 900 1490 13x13 1134x1134 127 99 900 1100 1490 834x18 1820 654x1634 110 100 12 113 40 1700 2800 13x18 1134x1634 183 156 1940 3200 15 177 2130 3520 18x18 1554x1554 248 195 2480 3150 4090 5200 20x20 1734x1734 298 234 18 45 254' 50 4300 7100 20 314 5000 8250 24x24 21x21 441 4600 7590 20x24* 480 326 55 5570 9190 24x24 576 380 60 5580 9200 22 380 6980 11500 24 452 65 7270 12000 24x28 672 468 8700 14400 28x28 784 531 9380 15500 27 573 10150 16750 30x30 900 616 .10470 17250 28x32 . 896 635 11800 19500 30 707 70 14700 24300 33 855 17900 29500 36 1018 Dimensions below are for unlined rectangular flues. Chimneys recommended for larger boilers 15 to 250 hp. are propor tioned in accordance with the report made by a joint Committee of the American Boiler Manufacturers Association and Stoker Manufacturers Association and approved by these organizations. The sizes are given in Table 51. TABLE 51. HEIGHT OF STACK FOR AVERAGE INSTALLATIONS (Sea Level) Forced Draft Stokers Per Cent Rating........................ Draft Furnace............................. ... Friction Loss (Boiler) Friction Loss (Breeching)TM.................. Total Draft Required............ Height of Stack (Ft.)........................ ; 100 0.15 0.18 0.10 0.43 80 150 0.15 0.4 0.10 0.65 112 200 0.15 0.65 0.10 0.90 145 250 0.15 0.9 0.10 1.15 178 300 0.15 1.20 0.10 1.45 220 59 American Society of Heating aiJ Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE SI. HEIGHT OF STACK FOR AVERAGE INSTALLATIONS (Sea Level)--Continued Diameter of Chlmn'kv in Inches for Height of Stack in Feet--For Sea Level and 60 deg. fahr. Outside Temp. Assumed Fric tion Loss in Stack 0.1 in. per 100 ft. Nominal H. P- 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 75 90 100 115 125 150 175 200 210 225 250 100% Rating 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 25 26 27 28 ` 30 32 33 34 35 36 150% Rating 14 16 18 19 20 21 23 24 26 28 29 31 32 34 36 38 38 40 41 200% Rating 17 18 20 21 22 23 . 25 27 29 31 . 33 34 35 38 40 43 44 . 45 47 Draft at 100% Base of Stack Rating 0.12 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 21 ' 26 - 35 , 43 52 60 69 78 86 95 104 112 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ... 150% Rating 22 28 37 46 56 65 74 84 93 102 112 121 -- -- -- -- ----- - 200% Rating 25 30 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 122 132 DATA ON WHICH TABLES ARE BASED Rating............. Efficiency____ CO,.................. 100% 150% 200% 65% 65% 63% 8% 9% 10% Stack Temp, deg. fahr... .............. 450 500 550 Lbs. of Gas................... 85 77 73 AVERAGE FRICTION LOSS THROUGH BOILERS Per Cent Rating...... ........ 100 150 200 250 300 Loss Ins., Water.............. 0.1 to 0.3 0.2to0.6 0.3to0.9 0.5tol.4 0.7tol.9 FForirctFiounrnlaocses tDhrraouftg.--h Abloloilwer 0v.a1r5iefsoarcfcoorcrdeidngdrtaoftc.onFstorrucNtiaotnu.ral Draft 0.35 in. or higher shoutd be used depFeonrdBinrgeeucphoinng rFartiectoiofn-coLmosbsu.--stAiolnloawnd0.0fu5eilnu. sfoedr,each right a. ngle bend and 0.1 in. per 100 ft. of length. Cross sectional area should be 20 per cent larger than that of stadc- HEIGHT OF STACK IN FEET For Sea Level and 60 deg. fahr. Outside Temperature and 0.1 in. Friction Loss per 100 ft. Total Draft Required In. for Furnace | Boiler and Breeching Per Cent of Boiler Rating 150 69 86 103 120 138 155 172 190 200 81 97 113 129 145 161 177 194 209 226 1 600 550 60 250 __ 108 123 139 154 170 185 200 216 231 650 300 132 147 162 176 191 206 221 236 265 700 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 CORRECTION FOR ALTITUDE Height Above Sea Level (Ft.) 0 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 Ratio Increase in Diameter 1.000 1.015 1.030 1.063 1.096 1.130 1.165 ratio Increase in Height 1.000 1.046 . 1.097 1.205 1.321 1.456 1.612 , An approximate rule often applied to chimneys over 64 ft. high, as regards rate of combustion is: Rate Combustion for Hard Coal = 1H Rate Combustion for Soft Coal = 2 Where H = height of chimney in feet. In the absence of a chimney size formula based on research data, the formula given in Kent's Hand Book is about the best available. R 333 where R = steam rated capacity of boiler in square feet. E = effective area of stack in square feet which should not extend within 2 in. of stack walls. ' \ H = square root of height in feet measured from center of breeching connection ' " to stack. The height of stacks less than 65 ft. should not be less than 30 times the diameter or width of stack. The rate of combustion in heating boilers ranges from 5 lb. to over 20 lb. of coal per square foot of grate per hour, according to the height of the stack. Large heating boilers are being attached to stacks 100 to 300 ft. high. Small round boilers require from 0.1 to 0.2 in. of draft at the smoke outlet, according to the number of intermediate sections placed between the firepot and dome sections. Medium size boilers require from 0.15 to about 0.5 in. of draft. Smokeless boilers require from 0.4 to 1.0 in. of draft to develop their rated capacity. Such conditions as nature of fuel condition of firebed, amount of excess air used and condition of the flue travel very materially increase or decrease the draft required to develop the rated capacity of any boiler. - Small house heating boilers should be rated on a 10-hr. hard coal basis. The larger size boilers using hard coal and having a grate over 40 in. wide are rated on a 4 to 6-hr. hard coal basis. All boilers burning soft coal are rated on an hourly basis because of the tendency of soft coal to burn holes through the firebed in a- relatively short time after firing. The largest size of boilers are rated on an. hourly basis since a firemai in constant attendance. 61 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide; 1924-25 HOW TO CLEAN WATER-GAGE GLASS ON STEAM BOILER WITHOUT REMOVING IT 1. Draw a cupful of hot water from the boiler, into which pour at least a tablespoon of raw muriatic or other acid. 2. Close both water-gage valves. 3. Open top water-gage valve and also pet cock at bottom, and blow water out of glass. Then immediately close the top valve and submerge the end of the pet cock in cup of hot-water solution. A vacuum is at once created in the gage glass which causes the solution in the cup to rush in. 4. Keep the pet cock immersed and operate the top valve, slightly opening and closing, alternately expelling and drawing in the solution until all grease, oil, or other matter adhering to the inside of the glass is cut out. Then close pet cock and open.both water-gage valves. It is necessary to have 1 lb. pressure of steam or more on the boiler before commencing this operation, which need not occupy more than 10 min. The result is a clean glass without the risk of breakage and prob able renewal of gaskets, which is frequently the case when removing the glass for cleaning. CLEANING STEAM BOILERS - After a steam or vapor boiler has been in operation for a short time, grease, oil, scale, core sand and other foreign matter will accumulate in the boiler, which will invite various kinds of trouble and can only be eliminated by thorough cleaning. The following method of cleaning a steam boiler has been successfully used and is recommended by many boiler manufacturers. 1. Close all radiator supply valves and where used remove the thermostatic member of all return line valves, or if boiler is valved dose both supply and return. Blow down the boiler through bottom blowoff under a pressure of at least 5 lb. Where a skimming opening is tapped in boiler near water line connect a pipe with gate valve to skimmer opening and skim oil and grease from boiler. 3. Remove the safety valve and put acid vinegar (Acetic acid) in the boiler as follows: . Boilers up to 1000 sq. ft., capacity--3 gallons " 1 " 2000 " " 4" " " " 4000 " " 5" . " " " 6000 " " .7 " Replace the safety valve and operate the entire plant for at least 30 hr. 3. Again remove the safety valve in the absence of a skimmer open : ing and connect a pipe with gate valve to the outside on con venient drain. This pipe to be not l^ss than size of safety valve. 62 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 With water in boiler at proper level and valve in top blow-off pipe closed, build a very hot coal fire creating a pressure of 5 to 10 lb. Open top blow-off valve and let water and steam pass through the blow-off line to drain--keep up a pressure between 5 and 10 lb.-- and carefully supply water constantly into boiler so as to keep gage glass filled to top--keep this up without interruption for 6 to 8 hr. During the last 2 hr. fill boiler full of water allowing the hot water to flow through, and out of top blow-off pipe to drain. Jt. Close the water-feed valve and let steam and water flow through top blow-off line until water level in boiler is at top of gage glass --close the gate valve in top blow-off line and with at least 10 lb. steam pressure--draw fire quickly and open the bottom blow-off valve, and entirely drain the boiler. Allow , the boiler to cool-- replace if any thermostatic-members in return line valves--replace safety valve--close bottom blow-off valve and fill boiler with fresh water to proper level. Sometimes one blowing off will not give the desired results in. which case the operation must be repeated or continued until the boiler is thoroughly free from all foreign matter. . With plants using vacuum and boiler feed pump the return to pump should be closed off and all condensation passed to drain for at least a week and then the boiler should be cleaned as above. To avoid all this expense and trouble, some heating contractors do not allow any return water from a new system to enter the boiler during the time temporary heat is on and while the men are working on the job. The valve on the return main is closed, a plug removed from a tee just outside the return valve and the feed-water valve cracked open enough to maintain the water in the boiler up to the water line under close watch ing by one of the steam fitters. At night the fire is banked, the plug in the return replaced and the return valve opened. With a banked fire practically no grease enters the boiler from the system during the night. TABLE 52. SAFETY VALVE SIZES FOR STEAM HEATING BOILERS . Diameter, K 1 IK 2 2K 3 4 *lA Safety Valve Rated Capacity of Boiler Area, Sq. In. 0.4418 0.7854 1.2272 1.7671 3.1416 4.9087 7.0686 9.6211 12.5660 15.9040 Discharge Capacity. Steam Radiation, Lb. per Hr.* Sq. Ft. 130 230 360 515 920 1,435 2,070 2,810 3,675 4,650 520 920 1,440 2,065 3,680 5,740 8,280 11,250 14,700 18,600 Lb. per Hr. 130 230 360 515 920 1,435 2,070 2,810 3,675 4,650 '1 1ve,btscd on 33^ t>fr cent over-pressure, valve set to relieve at 15 lb. per sq. in. ssiladeermeda as the equivalent of atshqcusearecofmooptuotaftsiotenasm24r0adhiaetaiot nu.nit' s or 0.25 lb. of steam per hr. shall becon- 63 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Grease in a boiler, not only prevents proper steam generation but it is liable to cause burning out of the boiler. A practical method of deter mining when the water in a boiler is free from oil, is to draw a sample of the water from the gage cock into a vessel, say about 3 in. in diameter, and at least 8 to 12 in. deep. Have about 2 or 3 in. of water in the, vessel and boil it over a gas plate or other hot fire. If there is oil in the water the boiling will cause it to foam and overflow the vessel; while if the water is clear and free from oil and alkali, one can always see the top of the boiling water emitting bubbles of steam but not foaming. PREVENTING WATER HAMMER CAUSED BY BOILER PRIMING Where the velocity of steam in a steam pipe is so great that it banks the condensate iip in waves, similar to a high wind on a body of water, steam pockets are formed between solid lugs of water--similar to A, Fig.16. The steam in those pockets is condensed rapidly by the condensate and cool air around the pipe which produces a vacuum and as a result the slugs of water B-B are forced together with a sharp impact and often with sufficient force to crack large ells at the end of a straight run of pipe. Water Hammer Fig. 16. Example of Water Hammer If the pipe is properly graded, and large enough to permit the steam to travel at a relatively low velocity, it will not form such waves of water and produce water hammer. A steam separator placed in the main near the boiler will prevent water hammer due to the boiler priming. Quickly heating up a cold radiator' or partly opening a valve on a one-pipe radiator will cause water hammer and gurgling in the radiator. 64 Chapter VI CODE FOR TESTING LOW-PRESSURE STEAM-HEATING BOILERS REVISION OF 1923 (Adopted by American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, Jan., 1924) OBJECT OF THE CODE HE object of the Code for Testing Low-Pressure Steam-Heating Boilers is to Tprovide a standard method for conducting and reporting tests to determine the heat efficiency at various rates of steaming. ESSENTIALS NECESSARY TO DETERMINE HEAT EFFICIENCY The essentials necessary to determine the heat efficiency of a steam-heating boiler are: . The total heat input. (The total heat input is the total heat value of the fuel charged.) . The total heat recovered at the boiler outlet. (The total heat recovered at the boiler outlet is the total heat of the steam leaving the boiler less the total heat of the feed water entering the boiler.) PREPARATIONS FOR TEST The boiler shall be erected, covered and connected to conform to the directions and practice of the manufacturer. The piping shall be connected in such a way that the steam may be carried to a point away from the boiler and it shall be arranged so that the condensation cannot flow back to the boiler.. The moisture in the steam shall be determined by a steam separator, not less than 95 per cent efficient, placed in the steam delivery pipe as close to the boiler as possible. The piping between this separator and the boiler, also the separator itself, shall be thor . oughly covered with insulating material. A pipe connected to the bottom of the steam separator shall be provided with a positive seal. The water shall be drained from the separator hourly and weighed immediately. The steam connections between the boiler outlet and the separator shall be the same in size and arrangement as that to be used when the boiler is installed. The water shall be fed to the boiler continuously from the feed tank through piping with all necessary valves, and all other water connections to the boiler shall be carefully blanked off. The temperature of the feed water shall be read from a thermometer inserted in a cup projecting well into the feed line near the boiler and filled with a heavy oil. All boiler water connections, including blow-off pipes, must be exposed to view, so that leakages may be observed, and either stopped or measured. The glands of the feed pump shall be carefully packed to prevent leakage. Revisions made by Committee for Testing Low-Pressure Steam Heating Boilers: John Blizard. LJtatrmon, Homer Addams, F. Paul Anderson. L. P. Breckenridgc, P. J. Dougherty, L. A. Harding. F. B. ttowell, and J. F. JUcIntlre. .; 65 ~rr American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 The boiler shall be connected .with a short, direct smoke-pipe to a chimney flue of suitable size, height and construction to give proper draft. The water spaces of the boiler shall be thoroughly boiled out with a solution of sal soda, potassium hydrate or sodium hydrate and then thoroughly rinsed with clean water. The heating surface, firebox, ashpit, flues and chimney shall be clean and free from soot, ashes and dust at beginning of test. . APPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTS Apparatus and instruments must be reliable and be arranged in such a way as to insure correct data. - Tanks for measuring the feed water may be calibrated with weighed quantities of water at the temperature.to be used during the test, or mounted on accurate weighing scales. The water may be fed to the boiler by gravity, by air pressure or by feed pumps, from feed-water tanks supplied from the measuring tanks by gravity. Accurate scales of suitable size shall be provided for weighing separator water, fuel and all refuse removed from the grate and ashpit. Three draft gages shall be provided and so arranged as to determine the pressure difference at the level of inserting the pipe between the outside and the ashpit, between the outside and the firebox, and the outside and the smokehood. Draft measurements shall be made with draft gages reading to 0.01 in. Accurately calibrated instruments shall be provided for measuring temperatures of gases, water and steam. An Orsat apparatus shall be used for determining the flue gas composition. If record ing carbon dioxide (COa) instruments are provided, they shall be checked every hour with the Orsat apparatus. A RingeJmann chart shall be used for smoke observations. Weather Bureau reports from the immediate vicinity may be used to determine the barometric pressure. When such reports are not available, a calibrated aneroid barom eter or mercury column shall be used for determining the barometric pressure. A calibrated steam gage or a mercury column shall be used for determining the steam pressure. A log of the test shall be kept on record sheets similar to those provided by this Code. DURATION OF TEST The test shall continue for at least 16 hours if operated at the normal manufacturer's rating; if operated at other ratings it shall continue until as much fuel has been burned as would have been burned in a 16-hour test at normal rating. ` METHOD OF STARTING AND STOPPING TEST The New Fire Method of starting and stopping test may be used on any boiler when anthracite coal is used as fuel. All tests using other fuels shall be started and stopped by the Continuous Firing Method. New Fire Method.--A preliminary fire shall be made and the boiler operated under test conditions for at least one hour before starting the test. The preliminary fire shall then be dumped, the ashpit thoroughly cleansed and dried wood placed on the grate and kindled. The test shall be considered started at the time of firing the charge of wood. On this charge of wood, fuel shall be placed. The wood shall be considered as having a heating value of 5000 B.t.u. per lb. The height of water line in gage glass and feed tank shall be noted and recorded at the time the preliminary fire is dumped. The water level in the boiler shall be kept at this level as nearly as possible throughout 66 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 the test and the water level in the boiler and feed tank must stand at this same height when the test closes. At the end of test the fire shall be dumped. The residual fire when dumped shall be placed in tightly covered cans, weighed and left to cool. After cooling it shall be forwarded for analysis and determination of its heat value and ash content. The total fuel fired shall be taken as the total weight of fuel exclusive of the wood used for kindling, to which shall be added the fuel equivalent of the wood and from which shall be subtracted the fuel equivalent of the residual fire. The weight of the ash content of the residual fire shall be.added to the weight of ash and refuse removed from the ashpit and the sum recorded as ash and refuse removed from the ashpit. Continuous Firing Method.--A preliminary fire shall be made and the boiler operated under test conditions for at least one firing period and not less than one hour before starting the test. The fire shall then be burned low, thoroughly cleansed and the remaining live fuel spread evenly over the grate as the foundation for the first test fuel charge. The thick ness of the fuel bed and the extent to which it has been burned through shall be quickly estimated or measured. The height.of water line in gage glass and feed tank shall be noted and recorded. The test shall start at the time of malting these observations. A weighed charge of fuel shall then be fired. The ashpit shall be thoroughly cleansed immediately and the test allowed to proceed. A constant water level and rate of steaming shall be maintained throughout the test. . At the end of the test the fire should be burned low and cleansed so as to leave the same amount of live fuel on the grate as at the start. When this condition is reached and the water level in the boiler and feed tank are at the same height as at the start, record the time and this time shall be the time of stopping. The contents of the ashpit shall be removed promptly on stopping and placed in airtight cans, weighed and left to cool. The boiler shall be charged with, all fuel charged during test. METHOD OF FIRING The method and frequency of firing shall be as agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. . FUEL SAMPLING During the progress of the test, fair samples at regular intervals shall be taken with a shovel from the fuel charge, stored in a covered vessel in a cool place, and after crushing and quartering, two one-pint glass jars or other airtight vessels shall be filled. The gross sample for slack coal and small sizes of anthracite in which the impurities do not exist in abnormal quantities or in pieces larger than % in., should weigh approx imately 500 lb. and not less than 1000 lb. for other solid fuels.1 . The small samples shall be preserved for determinations of the proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and calorific value. . > The refuse taken from the ashpit and grate shall be reduced by crushing and quarter ing to a quantity sufficient to fill two one-pint jars or other airtight vessels for deter mining its combustible content in the laboratory. Care must be taken to crush and quarter the coal, ash, and refuse on a clean floor; to avoid contaminating the sample a metal plate is to be preferred to a concrete floor. Care must be taken to see that the ash and refuse does not burn after removal from the grate or ashpit! 1As recommended by the American Society for Testing Materials. D21--16. p, 756. 1921. The Committee on Code for Testing Low-Pressure Heating Boilers of the American Society of Heat ing and Ventilating Engineers is prepared to interpret the meaning of any items on the Code. It is requested that all tests be filed with the AMercian Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. , 67 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 STANDARD FORM For Reporting Results of Low-Pressure Steam-Heating Boiler Tests RESULTS Of a Test on a Low-Pressure Boiler Date of Test.__................................................ ...................................:....................................................... Conducted at............................................................................................................. .. ................................ Director of Test............................ ................................................................................ ........................-(signature) Manufacturer of Boiler.................................. i...................-......... .................................................. Owner of Boiler..........................................................................................:........................ ..................... Size of Boiler............................-.................................................................................... .. ......................... Type of Boiler.............................................................................................. i.............................................. . GENERAL PARTICULARS OF BOILER AND FUEL Boiler Type.......................................................................................................:......................... :........................... Made by........ ............................ ................................................................................................................. Length of Grate (or Diameter)........................................................................................................ in Width of Grate.TM................... ............................................................................................................-in Fuel Capacity (Greatest Possible Volume)..,........................................................................cu. ft Maximum Fuel Depth (Greatest Possible Depth of Fuel)................. ........................ ...........in .Fuel Capacity Normal...........................................................a........................................... ...........cu. ft Fuel Depth Normal.... ............................................. ;.................................................... :............-...... in Average Distance from Top of Normal Fuel Charge to Crown Sheet...............................in Total Furnace Volume, Grate to Crown Sheet ana Bridge Wall.TM............................. cu. ft Total Combustion Space Beyond Bridge Wall.....................-............:................................cu. ft Water Capacity (To Water Line)--......-........................................................... .............................lb Height of Water Line...................................................................................... :................................... in Steam Connections Used |si^n^>er'_............................................................................................ in Kind of Insulation...................................... ............................................................................................. Thickness of Insulation.................................................................................................. ............. ........in Detailed Description of Boiler.............................................................................................................. Smoke Pipe and Chimney Area of Smoke Pipe...... ................................................. Length of Smoke Pipe (Boiler to Chimney)......... Number and Kind of Bends in Smoke Pipe.____ Chimney, Height above Grate..................... ............ Chimney, Area at Bottom...............................1........ Chimney, Area at Top............. ........ .......................... .sq. in. ....... in. ...........ft. __sq. ft. ,,..sq. ft. Fuel Name...........................................*.......................... ...:....... Size.......... ...........................;.............................................. Proximate Analysis Moisture.1.......................... Volatile Matter.-............ .............. Fixed Carbon................... Ash....... ............................................. . per cent per cent per cent per cent As Fired Moisture Free Ultimate Analysis Carbon.-.............. Hydrogen...... .............. Oxygen.-.................. '...................... Nitrogen...... .................................... Sulphur............................T............... Ash........... ......................................... per cent per. cent per cent per cent per cent per cent As Fired Moisture Free These forms may be obtained on request at the office of the Secretary of the American Society op Heating and Ventilating Engineers. 29 West 39th Street, New York City, at nominal cost. 68 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Heat Value (Gross) B.t.u. per lb. as fired............................................................................. B.t.u. per lb. moisture free.................................................................. B.t.u. per lb. moisture and ash free...... ........................................... Character of Fuel (State whether coking or free-burning, clinker troubles, etc.) Method of Firing PRINCIPAL RESULTS OF TEST Heat recovered at the boiler outlet per hour...................................................-.........1000 B.t.u. Maker's rating (sq. ft. radiation X 240).................. ;................................... 1000 B.t.u. per hr. Percentage of maker's rating developed...... ......................................................................per cent Mean interval between charging fuel....................................................................................... hours Mean interval between attention of any kind to the fire, including charging........... hours Overall thermal efficiency..... ................................................*................................................. per cent DETAILED RESULTS OF TEST (For full particulars of boiler and fuel see "general particulars" ante) General Information 1. Date of Test--......................... 2. Number of Test...................... 3. Location of Boiler................. 4. Maker of Boiler and Type.. 5. Owner of Plant...... ................ 6. Test Conducted by............... 7. Duration of Test--..........................................'...........................................................................hr. 8. Manufacturer's Rating of Boiler................................................................sq. ft. radiation1 9. Grate Area*.............................................................................................................................. sq. ft. 10. Barometric Pressure................................................................................. ...........in. of mercury Fuel 11. Heat value, as fired................................................................................................ B.t.u. per lb 12. Number of Times Fuel Charged during Test................-............................................. ... 13. Intervals between Charging, hrs. Longest......... Shortest.......... Average............... 14. Intervals between Attention of any Kind to the Fire, including firing, hr. Longest..........Shortest.......... Average............... 15. Average Fired per Charge*...................................................................................................... lb 16. Depth on Grate at Start of Test...... .................................................................................... (After Firing)....................................................................................................................in 17. Depth on Grate at Finish ofTest-......................................................................................... in 18. Weight as Fired during Test3................................................................................ Ib 19. Weight as Fired per Hour*........................................................................................................ lb. 20. Moisture in Fuel...... -.......................................................................................................pier cent 21. Weight Fired per Hour less Moisture:3 . 100 - item 20 x w.............................................................................................lb. 100 Ash and Refuse 22. Weight of Ash and Refuse Removed from Grate........................................................... lb. 23. Weight of Ash and Refuse Removed from Ashpit...... .................................................... lb. 24., Total Weight of Ash and Refuse Removed4 ` (item 22 -f- item 23)................................................................. 1....... :............................lb. *One sq. ft. radiation to be assumed equal to 240 B.t.u. per hr. *If the grate have an unusual shape, method of computing area must be stated under "Remarks." *When the New Fire Method is used the equivalent fuel charged shall be given throughout. The method of obtaining this is shown at the end of this table. . To include ash content of residual fire when New Fire Method is used. . 69 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 25. Total Ash and Refuse, Percentage of Fuel as Fired. 26. Combustible in Ash and Refuse..................................... .per cent Temperature 27. Steam.................................................................................. . 28. FeedWater............................................................................ 29. Gases Leaving Boiler................................................... ...... 30. Boiler Room.... ...................................................................... 31. Outside Air...:....................................................................-- .deg. fahr. .deg. fahr. .deg. fahr. .deg. fahr. .deg. fahr. Draft Intensity 32. In Smokehood.................................................................................................................. in. water. 33. Over Fire...................................... ..............................................................-...................... in. water 34. In Ashpit-......................................................................................... :..............................in. water Output .- 35. Equivalent evaporation from arid at 212 deg. fahr. per hr. of test........................... lb. 36. Equivalent evaporation from and at 212 deg. fahr. per lb. of dry coal fired.........lb. 37. Heat Recovered at the Outlet per hour (item 35 X 0.97).... .......................1000 B.t.u. Steam and Water 38. Steam pressure (gage)...................... '...................... ............................................ lb. per sq. in. 39. Total Water Fed to Boiler during Test:..... ................................................. ....................... lb. 40. Priming: Total Water Removed from Separator, Per Gent of Total Feed Water.............. ......................... ............................. per cent Heat Balance 41.5 Heat to steam leaving outlet (and therrnal effici ency boiler, furnace and grate)......................... 42. Heat lost by hot flue gases,- exclusive of steam___.... 43. Heat lost by not burning carbon monoxide..........-- 44. Heat lost by steam in flue gas.... .................................. 45. Heat lost by combustible in ash and refuse............. 46. Heat lost by radiation................................................... 47. Undetermined losses and errors................................... 48. Total, items 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 and calorific value of dry fuel...............................................:.... Per lb. fuel as fired Per cent heat in fuel fired 100 Additional items, for use only with New Fire Method of starting Fuel Used 49. Weight of wood for kindling..... 50. Heat value of wood...................... 51. Weight of residual fire................ 52. Heat value of residual fire.... . 53. Fuel'value of wood (item 49 X ^......-..... ................................ \ item 11/ 54. Total fuel fired during test (exclusive of wood)................................... 55. Total equivalent fuel charged during test (item 53 + item 54).... 56. Fuel value of residual fire f item 51 X ................ .............. \ item H / 57. Equivalent fuel used during test (item 55 -- item 56, this value to be used for item 18)..................................................................... ...... ;.............lb. B.t.u. per lb. .....................lb. B.t.u. per lb. .....................lb. .....................lb. ....... ;..... ...... lb. ................. lb. ....................lb. Ash and Refuse 58. Ash in residual fire (by analysis) ._...................... --...... ....... ...... .............................per cent 59. Total ash content of residual fire: (item SI X ................................................................................................... lb. \ 100 ) . 5Item 41. Heat to "steam," includes the heat used to raise the water removed from the separator from the feed water temperature to the steam temperature. - 70 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 60. Total ash and refuse removed from ashpit.................................. ................ 61. Equivalent ash and refuse removed from ashpit (item 59 + item 60, this is the value to be used for item 23)........................................... Test of. Date. Time LOG SHEET NO. 1 General Sheet .boiler with Test No. General Notes .coal (Here will be recorded the method and times of starting and stopping, the method of firing, the difficulties encountered with ash and clinker, the times of cleaning, slicing and raking the fire, the caking and other properties of the coal, the manipulation of the dampers, etc.) 71 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 LOG SHEET NO. 2 Gate............................................................. Test No.--..................... Fuel, Ash and Refuse Detailed Record of Coal Fired During Test Time of Firing Quantity Fired, Lb. Tare Gross . Net Fired in Interval, LB.. Total Fired, Lb. -ruz?TT-~r American Society oZ-Heatinga/hI Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 LOG SHEET NO. 3 Date..................................................... .................. Test No.................... Observations of Feed Water, Pressures, and Temperatures Feed Water, Lb. Net Separator Water, Lb. Boiler Pressure Lb. . per Sq. In. Draft. In.--Water Below Grate . Above Grate At Smokehood Boiler Room Dec. Fahr. Feed Water Temp. Dbg. Fahr. Flub Gas Temp. Dbg. Fahr. 1 Special observations for New Fire Method of starting: Weight of wood used for kindling.................................................. ................................................. l(b. Weight of fire dumped at end........................................................ .................................................. lb. 72 Boiler gage correction Thermometer corrections Barometer: At start Correction not allowed for on sheet ; : 73 : ' , At finish '` American Society, of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 LOG,SHEET NO. 4 Date..................... ...... .......................................... . Detailed Record of Gas Analysis Test No. ' Time' COa COa + Oa Oa COa + Oa + CO CO N Remarks Date No. LOG SHEET NO. 5 Smoke Readings Test No. Time RlNGELMANN Chart No. Time RlNGELMANN Chart Remarks - > .. Chapter VII PUMPS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING EQUIPMENT INTRODUCTION \ HE use of pumps in connection with the heating and ventilating of Tbuildings, has increased rapidly during the past few years. There are three or more reasons for this as follows: 1. The great increase in the number of large buildings. 2. The increasing use of electricity for industrial purposes together with the development of reliable motor driven pumps, and ' 3. The desire to eliminate high pressure boiler plants where steam is used only for heating purposes. In applying pumps to heating systems, particularly vacuum pumps, there are a few fundamental principles which the engineer must consider in determining the proper pump for a given installation. These factors include the proper trapping of returns; the probable load factor; the lifts in the system, if any; the required discharge pressure in delivering the condensate; and, above all, a determination of the heating surface to be handled reduced to the value of equivalent direct radiation. It is as an aid to the proper determination of pump ratings and capaci ties, therefore, that the following information is given. The various kinds of pumps ordinarily used in connection with heating and ventilating installations may be classed under the following heads. 1. Boiler feed pumps. 2. Condensation return pumps. 3. Return line vacuum heating pumps. 4. Sump pumps. 5. Forced circulation hot-water heating pumps. 6. Circulating pumps for water brine, etc. 1 ' 7. Refrigeration pumps and compressors. ' Boiler feed pumps may be of the following types: i 1. Direct acting steam driven reciprocating pumps. r 2. Power driven reciprocating pumps. 3. Centrifugal pumps. . 4. Screw pumps. ., The capacity of a boiler feed pump should be based on 34.5 lb. of water per hr. per maximum boiler horse-power served, with a slippage allow ance of 10 per cent in the water cylinders and a factor of safety allowance of 2 for intermittently operating pumps and a factor of safety allowance of l}/2 for continuous operating pumps, to provide for unusual demands when the water in boilers becomes low or excessive loads are carried. Material for this section especially prepared for The Guide by Perry West. Newark. N. J., and R. H. Carpenter, New York. : 75 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Piston speeds infeet per minute for reciprocating boiler feed pump ought not to exceed 10 times the square root of the number of inches in the length of stroke of the water pistons. . Direct acting reciprocating steam driven or power driven boiler feed pumps are generally found to be more efficient for smaller installations TABLE S3. SIZES. REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE.--HEADS PUMPED AGAINST. POWER REQUIRED AND BOILER HORSE-POWER FOR SEVERAL COMMERCIAL SIZES OF CENTRIFUGAL BOILER FEED PUMPS Sub op Pump Inches H. P. Pipe Sizes Inches Suction J Discharge Capacity Gallons vest Min. Boiler H. P. Served Without Factor op Safety Two Stage for 100 lb. Working Pressure 2 2*4 2 100 1450 2*4 3 2*4 150 2175 3 43 225 3262 4 54 400 5800 ' 5 65 620 8990 6 86 900 13,000 8 10 8 1600 23,000 Three Stage for 150 lb. Working Pressure 2 2*4 2 100 1450 2*4 3 2*4 150 2175 3 43 225 3262 4 5 4 400 5800 5 65 620 8990 6 86 900 13,000 8 10 8 1600 23,000 Four Stage for 250 lb. Working Pressure 2 2*4 2 100 1450 2*4 3 2*4 150 2175 3 43 225 3262 4 54 400 5800 5 65 620 8990 6 86 900 13,000 8 10 8 1600 23,000 TABLE 54. DIRECT ACTING STEAM DRIVEN DUPLEX RECIPROCATING . BOILER FEED PUMPS Dia. Dia. OP op Steam Water Cyl. Cyl. IN .in Inches Inches Length op Stroke in Inches No. op Strokes per Min. Discharge in Gallons Per Per Stroke Min. Equiva lent Dia. op Single Cyl. Pump Boiler H. P. Served Without Factor Pipe Steam op Safety Sub Ex haust INCHES Suc tion Dis charge 3 4*4 5*4 6 m m 10 12 2 254 3*4 4 4*4 5 6 7 3 4 5. 6 6 10 10 12 70 60 50 50 50 40 . 40 35 . 0.04 0.10 0.20 0.33 0.42 0.85 1.22 2.00 5.6 . 12.0 20.0 33.0 42.0 68.0 97.6 140.0 2% 4 5 554 6*4 7 8*4 9*4 80 180 300 480 600 1000 1400 2000 *4 *4 % i m 1*4 2 2)4 54 u m 1*4 .2 2 254 3 m m 2 2*4 3 3 4 5 i m m 2 2*4 2*4 3 4 76 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 55. HORIZONTAL DUPLEX PISTON PACKED POWER DRIVEN BOILER FEED PUMPS FOR 100 LB. WORKING PRESSURE Size of Pump Cylinders in Inches Dia. Stroke No. op Revolu tions per Min. Displacement Gallons Per Rev. Per Min. 2*4 4 34 3*4 5 46 8 10 30 0.34 10.2 30 0.49 14.7 30 0.83 24.9 25 1.30 32.5 20 8.69 173.8 Boiler H. P. Served Without Factor of Safety 148 213 361 471 2520 H. P. Required to Drive Pump 1.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 18.0 Pipe Subs Inches Suction ' Discharge 1*4 1*4 2 1*4 2*4 2 3 2*4 54 TABLE 58. RECIPROCATING SINGLE ACTING POWER DRIVEN TRIPLEX BOILER FEED PUMPS FOR 150 LB. WORKING PRESSURE Sub op Pump Cylinders in Inches Dia. Stroke No. op Revolu tions per Min. Displacement Gallons Per Rev. Per Min. 1*4 1*4 2 2*4 3 4 4 5 6 8 2 2*4 3 4 4 4 6 8 8 10 50 0.045 2.25 50 0.078 3.90 40 0.122 4.88 30 0.255 7.65 30 0.367 11.01 30 0.652 19.56 25 0.978 24.45 20 2.041 40.82 20 2.938 58.76 20 6.520 130.40 Boiler H. P.: Served Without Factor op Safety 33 57 70 110 160 280 355 592 852 1891 H. P. Required to Drive Pump 0.40 0.65 0.80 1.15 1.40 4.60 3.10 5.00 6.00 14.00 , Pipe Sizes Inches Suction 54 1 1*4 1*4 1*4 2 2*4 3 3*4 4 Discharge 54 1 1 1*4 1*4 1*4 2 2*4 3 3 TABLE 57. SCREW PUMPS Since the capacity and pressure at which Screw Pumps will operate is almost infinite, we can only give some idea of their capacity. Efficiencies range from 60% to 70%. Sub 2 2*4 3 3*4 3*4 4 5 5*4 6 7 8 9 10 12 16 G. P. M. 2- 15 10- 20 20- 50 40- 60 55- 100 85- 200 175- 275 200- 325 275- 475 300- 600 450- 750 700-1000 800-1400 1200-2100 1750-4200 . Max. Rev. 1600 1600 1600 1600 1500 1400 , 1200 1200 . 1200 1000 875 720 700 600 425 Suction Inches '2 2 2*4 3 4 4 5 5 6 8 8 10 12 14 16 Discharge Inches i*4 i*4 2*4 2*4 3 4 4 4 6 6 8 10 12 14 15 . 77 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 especially with widely fluctuating loads as the efficiencies of centrifugal boiler feed pumps drop off very rapidly for the smaller sizes of pumps and for low load conditions. For this reason centrifugal pumps are not usually employed for installations of less than 1000 b.hp. For small capacities screw pumps may be successfully used for greater economy. . CONDENSATION RETURN PUMPS Condensation return pumps are generally of two classes: 1. Automatic pumps and receivers. 2. Continuous operation non-automatic return pumps. AUTOMATIC PUMPS AND RECEIVERS The volumetric capacities of receivers should be from 2 to 5 times the maximum minute volumetric flow of condensation to be handled, meas ured between the high and low water lines in the receivers for electric driven pumps and much smaller for steam driven pumps. ' The piston speeds in feet per minute should not be more than 10 times the square root of the number of inches in the length of stroke. The volumetric displacement rate of water pistons should be 3 or more times the maximum volumetric rate of. the flow of condensate to be handled. The normal capacities for centrifugal pumps should be 2 or more times the maximum rate of flow of the condensation to be handled. ' CONTINUOUS OPERATION NON-AUTOMATIC RETURN PUMP The volumetric displacement rate of water pistons should be not less than 2 times the maximum rate of flow of the condensation to be handled. Piston speeds in feet per minute should not be . more than 10 times the square root of the number of inches in the length of stroke. . . The quantities of condensate to be handled from direct radiation, direct-indirect radiation and indirect or fan blast radiation can be esti mated as follows: The normal capacity of pumps should be based on condensate at a temperature of not over 180 deg. fahr. For temperature of condensate above 180 deg. fahr. capacity should be increased above that estimated . for 180 deg. fahr. condensate as per Table 58. TABLE 58. TEMPERATURE OF CONDENSATE AT PUMP SUCTION Deg. fahr. 190 200 204 Factor 1.15 1.56 2.00 78 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 59. CENTRIFUGAL RETURN PUMPS WITH RECEIVERS Size of Pump Discharge Inches 1 lK 2 Receiver Capacity Gallons 40 60 100 Sq. Ft. Direct Radiation 12,000 25,500 42,000 Lbs. Condensate per Hour 4000 8500 14,000 H. P. TO Drive i m 2 Total Head Ft. 25 50 50 TABLE 60. CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AND RECEIVERS DELIVERING AGAINST 15 LB. Size 101 102 103 104 105 Sq. Ft. Equivalent Direct Radiation Gal. per Min. 8000 16,000 26,000 40,000 65,000 11 22 35 60 90 R. p. m. 1725 1725 1725 1140 1140 Actual H. P. 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.4 ' H. P. Motor Supplied a A. i ik 2 Floor Space 5' 3"x3' 8" 5' 3'x3' 8" 6' 5*x3/ 8' V 6"x4'2" 7'6"x4'2" Shipping Weight 700 700 750 1050 1100 TABLE 61. SIZES. SPEEDS. HORSE-POWERS AND CAPACITIES ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVEN CONDENSATION RETURN PUMPS . Rating in Sq. Ft......................... Discharge Pressure, Lb--........ Gallons per Min.......................... H. P. Motor................................. R. P. M. 60 Cycle and D. C... R. P. M. 25 Cycle...................... Shipping Weight--.................... 0 to 2000 10 20 33 AA 1700 1700 1440 1440 330 350 2000-4000 10 20 66 AA 1700 1700 1440 1440 350 370 4000-8000 10 20 10 10 HA 1700 1700 1440 1440 420 440 8000-16000 10 20 20 20 . AA 1700 1700 1440 1440 535 565 TABLE 62. MOTOR DRIVEN CONDENSATION PUMP CAPACITIES FOR DELIVERING AGAINST VARIOUS PRESSURES Radia tion in Sq. Ft. of Direct Radia tion Minimum Gallons per Mm. Maximum Boiler Motor Pressure H. P. Lb. 4000 4000 4000 6-8 6-8 6-8 10 15-40 50-60 4 A A 6000 6000 6000 9-12 9-12 9-12 10 15-40 50-60 A A 1 8000 8000 8000 8000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 12-16 12-16 12-16 12-16 15-20 15-20 15-20 15-20 15-20 10 15 20 30-60 10 15 20-30 30-40 50-60 A A l lK K A l IK 2 Sue- GESTED Size of Piping INCHES i i 1 m iA lA IK 1A IK IK IK IK IK IK IK Radia TION IN Sq. Ft. of Direct Radia tion Minimum Gallons per Min. Maximum Boiler Motor Pressure H. P. Lb. 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 40-50 40-50 40-50 40-50 40-50 50-60 50-60 50-60 50-60 10 15 20-30 40 50-60 10 15 . 20 30-40 50-60 10 15 20 30-40 50-60 10 15 20 30-60 A l IK 2 3 A 1 2 3 5 1 IK 2 3 5 1 IK 2 5 Sug gested Size of Piping Inches 2 2 2` 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2K 2K 2K 2K 2K 2K 2K 2K : 2K American Society of Heating ana ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 To use Table 58, multiply the quantity of condensate to be handled by the factor corresponding to the temperature of the con densate at the pump suction and select a pump suitable for the quantity thus found. The above increase in pump capacity may be. reduced by providing a static head above the pump suction and when this static head is made equivalent to 15 lb. the' absolute boiling pressure of the condensate (measured in feet of water) qo increase is necessary. Allow sufficient head in addition to the total head necessary to over come static head, velocity head,' pipe friction and boiler pressure, whereever condensate is to be returned direct to a boiler from the pump. TABLE 63. DUPLEX PISTON TYPE RETURN PUMPS WITH RECEIVERS STANDARD PRESSURE Sizb op Pump 3X2X3M 4HX2KX4 5K X3MX5 6X4X6 7K X 5 X 6 Receiver Capacity Gallons 12 20 40 60 100 Sq. Ft. Direct Radiation 6000 10,500 19,500 30,000 45,000 Lb. Condensate per Hour 2000 3500 6500 11,000 15,000 Minimum Steam Pressure 50 40 35 35 30 4M X 2 X 4 5K X2HX5 6X2MX6 6X3X6 6X3M X 6 Low Pressure 12 6000 20 10,000 40 120,000 40 180,000 60 290,000 2000 3500 4000 6000 9000 25 20 15 20 25 Return line vacuum heating pumps may be divided into three classes as follows: .. 1. Direct acting reciprocating steam driven vacuum return line pumps. ' 2. Reciprocating power driven return line vacuum pumps.. 3.' Motor driven return line vacuum pumps. ; In estimating the size of the vacuum pump, it is not sufficient to know merely the square feet of equivalent direct radiation. There are other variables which enter into the problem such as the following: 1. The degree of tightness of the system. 2. The efficiency of the radiator traps. 3. The temperature of the condensate at the pump. 4. The probable cooling effect of the return piping. 5. Are lift points required: in the return? . 6. What vacuum must be. maintained at the pump? , 7. Do large volumes of high temperature water enter the return piping . near the pump? . 8. Are the runs of piping long from the source of steam supply to the farthest radiator? '' High pressure traps should never discharge directly into a vacuum return. An excessive amount of vapor will form due to re-evaporation 80 :American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 of a considerable part of the hot condensation. This may cause a very material reduction in the vacuum maintained by the pump. Fig. 17 shows a method of disposing of the greater part of the vapor of re evaporation and at the same time lowering the temperature of the condensate. Fig. 17. Method of Discharging High-Pressure Apparatus into Low-Pressure Heating Mains and Vacuum Return Mains through a Low-Pressure Trap Discharge from VacuumPump (jiobe tbfve rLubncafor Globe Valve BalerFeed Pump andReceiver Special.'-' Ozdr'ibtve -n . , c TifiFihhnq Drum fo Sewer Fig. 18. Method of Connecting Vacuum Pump and Automatic Boiler-Feed Pump and Receiver * DISPOSAL OF VACUUM PUMP DISCHARGE The discharge from reciprocating vacuum pumps of either the steam or power driven type is a mixture of water and air so that some means must be provided for releasing the entrained air. This requires water surface area in either a tank having a large horizontal cross section or a stand pipe of enough sectional area to permit a low velocity water flow downward while the entrained air is escaping to the surface against the 81 American Society.*)/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Vent toAtmosphere Run to Air above Roof' Pump Control Valve Steam to I Vacuum Pump Globe*' Valve . Lubricator Olobe \blve' ' BoilerfeedPi/mj Castlrorr 8asePbta and Drip Pan / GafeVafvey' Lift Fith ' Vacuum Pump - Cast[non Base Plate, and Drip Fkn SuctionSiroiner ' Floor Lit Fig. 19. Method op Connecting Vacuum Pump, Boiler-Feed Pump and Steam-Control Receiving Tank Fig. 20. Method of Making Connection to Steam-Operated Vacuum Pump 82 i American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 water current. For removal of air, allowance of 1 sq. ft. of horizontal cross section for each 2100 lb. of water per hr. should be made. A stand pipe with diameter equal to that of the pump cylinder is usually suf ficient. .. Wherever a suitable location may be obtained the freely vented air separating tank is generally used. The tank must be located high enough so that the pressure produced by the water column in the discharge pipe will be sufficient to overcome that in the low pressure boiler feed water heater or other point of disposal. Where an open tank cannot be located at a height sufficient to provide gravity head to discharge the tank contents against the maximum pres sure in the heater or boiler, the hydro-pneumatic tank can be used. A float controlled valve is placed on the air outlet of the separating tank and so arranged that when the water of condensation has not sufficient head to flow by gravity to the point of use, the air will be confined in the upper part of the tank. As the pump continues to deliver water and air to the tank the pressure within the tank increases until sufficient to discharge the water, thus lowering the water line and eventually per mitting escape of the surplus air through the float controlled air valve. The confined air pressure in the tank plus the gravity head in the tank discharge pipe must be sufficient to cause flow to the place of disposition. This confined air pressure plus the column of mixed air and water in the pump discharge to the tank is the total head against which the pump must act. Figs. 18, 19 and 20 show vacuum pump connections for several different conditions of service. In no case should the head against the discharge of reciprocating pumps exceed 15 lb. unless the pump stroke exceeds the bore and thus reduces the bad effect of clearance. Where the pressure on the heater, boiler, etc., varies materially from time to time but in general is near the minimum, a substantial saving in energy may be obtained by using a hydro-pneumatic tank instead of a plain tank set at a higher elevation to overcome the peak pressure in the boiler or heater. The use of a plain tank keeps the pump operating against the maximum head, where the hydro-pneumatic tank set lower operates as a plain tank whenever the gravity head in the tank is sufficient to cause flow from its elevation, and employs the combination of air pressure and gravity head, with air vent closed, only at times of peak load. Only then is the air pressure load added to the pump discharge. Where the head on the delivery side of steam driven pumps exceeds 15 lb. it is good practice to deliver the condensation to a vented receiver located close to the level of the vacuum pump outlet. This receiver should be connected to a separate steam or power driven water pump capable of delivering against the maximum head and controlled by a throttle valve, actuated by the water line in the receiving tank. Table 64 gives the sizes of plain or hydro-pneumatic tanks for air separating purposes and also those for storage of returns. In the latter case the tanks are based upon storing the quantities of water which will be discharged during five minutes at the basis of hourly rates given' in the first column. . ' 83 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 64. SIZE OF PLAIN AND HYDRO-PNEUMATIC TANKS Compensation Lb. per Hr. 4000 6000 8000 10,000 16,000 24,000 34,000 45,000 60,000 Subs of Plain and Hydro-Pneumatic Tanrs For Air Separator only Diameter In. Length In. For Air'Separator and Water Storage Diameter In. Length In. 12 12 18 18 24 30 24 36 , 36 42 36 42 42 24 36 30 48 48 48 72 60 72 60 96 72 96 . 24 24 24 30 30 36 36 36 42 42 48 48 36 48 72 48 60 60 . 72 96 72 96 72 96 Receivers.--The receiving tank capacity should be stated in gallons, and in case of automatically controlled units should be the capacity, of the tank in gallons between the high and low water levels in this tank, as determined by the water line control. The receiving tank may be placed either on the suction side or on the discharge side of the pump. When placed on the suction side of the pump the capacity of the tank may be used to retain the condensation and to take care of the fluctuations between the rate of condensate returned and the rate of the pump de livery. The suggested receiving tank capacities (as previously defined) for continuously operated and for automatically controlled units are as follows: TABLE 65. RECEIVER TANK CAPACITIES So. Ft. Equivalent Direct Cast Iron Radiation Surface Total Receiver Tank Capacity in . Gallons Receiver Tank Capacity between High and Low Water Limits where Automatic Water Line Control is Used. 8,000 16,000 26,000 40,000 65,000 100,000 28 33 40 49 63 80 20 24 29 . 35 47 63 Air Capacities.--The air capacities recommended, refer to cubic feet of air per 1000 sq. ft. of equivalent cast iron direct radiation, may be assumed on a decreasing ratio as the system increases in capacity of equivalent square feet of radiation, in accordance with the Table 66. It should be noted that while water capacities of pumps to be added for fan blast heaters are to be based upon their equivalent in direct radiation 84 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 the air capacities for this class of radiation may be the same as for direct radiation. TABLE 66. AIR CAPACITIES Sq. Ft. Direct Equivalent Radiation Surface 8,000 16,000 26,000 40,000 65,000 100,000 150,000 250,000 Diameter Orifice Vac. 10' . A' A" 14' A* %' w ft" Three H' . Air Capacity Cu. Ft. per Min. 5 9 15 19 34 60 80 180 The air capacity of the pump should be measured at a point in the main vacuum return line just ahead of the vacuum strainer when the pump is operating under the vacuum specified at the pump suction and when handling the quantity of condensate specified at a temperature not exceeding 180 deg. fahr. Air test may be made with water at lower temperatures. This determination should be made by means of a stand ard test orifice located in an inlet connection to the pump suction and consisting of a plate }/% in. thick with a reamed hole having sharp edges and of a diameter corresponding to the capacity of the pump. * Fig. 21 may be used to give the quantity of air handled, corresponding to several sizes of orifices and different degrees of vacuum met with in practice. TABLE 67. ONE PUMP ONE MOTOR RETURN LINE SYSTEM Size A B C D E F G H Sq. Ft. Direct Equivalent Radiation Surface Diameter Orifice Vacuum 10 In. Air Capacity Cu. Ft. per Min. 8000 16,000 26,000 40,000 65,000 100,000 150,000 250,000 9-64 3-16 1-4 9-32 3-8 1-2 9-16 Three 1-2 6 11 19 25 42 75 90 180 Water Capacity Gals, per Min. 10 Lb. Pres sure 180* F. u 22 35 60 90 140 200 400 Actual H. P. R. P. M. H. P. of Motor 0.9 1.4 2.0 2.8 3.9 9.0 10.0 10.0' 1800 1800 1800 1200 1200 1200 900 720 1 m 2 3 5 10 10 20 Water Capacity.--The water capacity of the pump when operating against 8 in. of mercury vacuum should be not less than two-thirds of a pound of water per hour pier square foot of equivalent cast iron direct radiation based upon condensation at a temperature of not over 180 deg. fahr. when the pump is delivering water against a specified gage pressure at the water discharge of the pump. For pumps handling both air and water the above water capacity must be delivered, when the 85 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 pump is maintaining a vacuum of 8 in. of mercury and handling air through a standard orifice corresponding to the air capacity of the pump as previously mentioned. TABLE 68. TWO PUMP ONE MOTOR RETURN LINE SYSTEM VACUUM PUMPS Capacity Sq. Ft. op Direct Radiation 6000 6000 8000 8000 12,000 12,000 18,000 18,000 30,000 30,000 . Capacity G. P. M. : . 9 9 12 12 18 18 27 27 45 45 . Pressure at Pump 10 15 10 . 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 Motor H. P. K l l m i m 2 2 3 . F ig . 21. V o lu m e of A ir th r o u g h O r if ic e s u n d e r V ac u u m TABLE 69. TWO PUMP TWO MOTOR RETURN LINE SYSTEM VACUUM PUMPS Capacity Sq. Ft. of Direct Radiation Capacity G. P. M. Pressure at Pump Motor H- P. Air Water 6000 9 10 hH 6000 8000 8000 9 12 12 15 10 15 HH X% l . 12,000 12,000 18 18 10 15 %H Hl 18,000 27 10 al 18,000 27 15 K. 2 25,000 38 10 1 m 25,000 38 15 i 2 30,000 45 10 1 30,000 45 15 i. 2 The capacities given in Table 70 are for pumps having water cylinder with the length of stroke equal to the diameter of the water piston. The capacities for pumps of a greater or less length of stroke may be found by use of the last two columns in this table as follows: Divide the stroke by the piston diameter and find the corresponding . ratio in the column headed stroke bore. The capacity factor opposite this in the last column is then multiplied by the capacity given in the table to give the capacity of the pump in question. PROPORTIONING OF STEAM END OF RECIPROCATING VACUUM PUMPS In proportioning the steam cylinder of the pump the following formula will give results which are safe to use. ' As X = Aw X ^ + Pa) 86 87 II American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 table 70. Diameter in Inches Water CYLINDER DIRECT DOUBLE ACTING STEAM DRIVEN.RECIPROCATING VACUUM PUMPS , I j --------------- ;------------------------ ~------------------------------------------- CONDBNSATIOh Lb. per Hr. for Pumps with Stroke Equal to Bore Direct Cast Iron Radiation Served Pipe Si?es Steam In. Suction In. Discharge In. Pumps Having ' Unequal Stroke and Bore Stroke Bore Capacity Factor 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 510 1047 1830 2890 4250 5920 7980 10,350 16,300 24,000 33,500 45,000 58,500 74,300 92,300 112,800 135,800 161,300 189,600 221,000 254,000 1700 3490 6100 9633 14,166 19,733 26,600 34,500 54,333 80,000 111,666 150,000 195,000 247,666 317,666 376,000 452,666 537,666 632,000 736,333 846,666 x X X X % X % 1 1 m IX IX IX 2 2 2X 2X 2X 3 3 3 IX XX 2 IX 2X-3X i-3X 3^-4 4-4)4 iX-5 $-6 6-7 ? 7-8 8 8-10 10 12 12 14 14 14 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.90 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.67 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.33 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.67 0.60 0.50 1.58 1.48 1.38 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.15 1.13 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.04 1.00 0.96 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.78 SlZB OP Pump In. Size of Discharge if Capacity Gal. per Min. Total Head Ft. IX m 2 2 2 2 2 2x 2X 2X 3 3 3 3 3: 44 4 4 4 60 60 60 60 60 125 125 125 125 125 200 200 200 200 200 275 275 275 275 275 500 500 500 500 500 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 . 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 88 Speed. Limits j REVOLUTIONS PER MlN. . Minimum 850 980 1120 1250 1400 750 900 1000 1120 1200 650 800 900 1000 1100 .550 600 700 750 800 1000 1050 1120 1250 1350 Maximum 1450 1800 1800 1800 1800 1200 1450 1650 1800 1800 1120 1300 1500 1750 1800 1120 1300 1500 1750 1800 1120 1250 1450 1600 1750 Size of Motor H. P. 1 m m 21 . 134 2 3 3 *3 2 5 m 3 3 5* s 5 5 m 10 10 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 From which we have A* = +Pd) X3 TV ~ in which As =" Area of, steam piston in square inches. Aw -- Area of water piston in. square inches. Pb = Boiler pressure in pounds per square inch. Pi -- Discharge pressure in pounds per square inch. . V => Vacuum at pump expressed in inches of mercury. V = Approximate vacuum in pounds per square inch 2 in. mercury = approxi2 mately 1 lb. per sq .in. SUMP PUMPS Sump pumps are usually of the vertical shaft centrifugal type and the following Table 71 will give the size capacity, horse-power and other essential data covering several commercial sizes of this type pump. The Hydraulic Society has published a list of trade standards used in the pump industry which it recommends and this publication may be obtained by engineers from the Hydraulic Society. TABLE 72. RECIPROCATING VACUUM PUMPS Maximum Speed for Steam Driven Pumps Length of Stroke In. 3 4 5 6 7' 8 10 Number of Single Strokes per Min. Piston Speed Ft. per Mm. S. Length of Stroks In. Number of Single Strokes per Min. Piston Speed Ft. per Min. S. 100 90 84 80 69 61X 60 25 30 35 40 40 . 45 50 12 14 15 16 18 20 22 60 57 56 55 53 '51 49 . 60 66X 70 73 80 85 90 Maximum Speedfor Power Driven Punips Length Rev. per of Stroke Min. Crank In. Shaft Single Strokes per Min. Piston Speed. Ft. per Mm. S. Length op Stroke In. Rev. per Min. Crank Shaft Single Strokes per Mm. Piston Speed, Ft. per Min. S. 3 80 160 40 10 40 80 67 5 50 100 42 12 40 80 80 6 50 - 100 50 16 30 60 80 8 50 100 67 20 25 50 83 Use Mfg. Speed when equal or less than above. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 72. RECIPROCATING VACUUM PUMPS--Continued Cross Capacity in Gallons of Pump Cylinders per Foot Piston Speed DtA. Cylinder IN. Gal. per Foot G 2 3' M 3'A 3Vi 4 4M m. 5 5K SH SH 6 6K .1632 .2550 .3672 .4309 .4998 .5738 .6528 .7369 .8263 .9206 1.020 1.125 1.234 1.349 1.469 1.594 Dia. Cylinder IN. Gal. per Foot G Dia. Cylinder In. Gal. per Foot G 6'A ' m 7 m m m '8 m 9 9'A 10 10H li. liH 12 12H 1.724 1.859 1.999 2.145 2.295 2.450 2.611 2.948 3.305 3.682 4.080 4.498 4.937 5.396 5.875 6.375 ' 13 13 A 14 im 15 15H 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 6.895 7.436 7.996 8.578 9.180 9.801 10.44 11.79 13.32 14.73 16.32 17.99 19.75 21.58 23.50 25.50 Empirical Formula G X 5 X W = capacity sq. ft. direct radiation G -- capacity water cylinder in gal. per ft. length. 5 = piston speed in ft. per min. W = constant--105 for 6 in. and less--120 for over 6-in. cylinder Altitude Sea level \i mile above H" " %" l " " " l Ya. " " 2l'A " " TABLE 73. PUMP DATA Barometric Pressure Equivalent Head of Practical Suction Water in Ft. Lift 14.70 14.02 33.33 12.66 12.02 11.42 lb. " " " " " tUo u u u a sq.U in. u a a u 10.88 " u u 9.88 " 33.95 32.38 30.79 29.24 27.76 26.38 25.13 22.82 22' 2V 20' 18' 17' 16' 15' 14' Suction'lift'of PUMPS WITH BAROMETRIC PRES SURE AT DIFFERENT ALTI TUDES AND EQUIVALENT HEAD OF WATER IN FEET. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE ii. ' PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM Vacuum in in. of Mercury or Gage Pressure in LB. Absolute Pressure' in LB. PER SQ. IN. Temperature in deg. Fahr. Total Heat above 32 DEG- FAHR. B.t.u. in the' B.t.u. in the Water ! Steam Latent Heat of the Steam : iNi B.t.u. Volume in cu. ft. of 1 LB. OF Steam 27.88 25.85 23.81 21.78 19.74 17.70 15.67 13.63 11.60 9.56 7.52 5.49 3.45 1.42 0.00 0.3 1.3 2.3 3.3 4.3 5.3 6.3 7.3 8.3 9.3 10.3 15.3 20.3 25.3 31.3 35.3 41.3 45.3 51.3 61.3 71.3 81.3 90.3 100.3 125.3 140.3 150.3 165.3 -175.3 200.3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ' 11. 12. 13. 14. 14.70 15. 16. - 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 30. 35. 40. 46. 50. , 56. 60. 66. 76. 86. 96. 105. 115. 140. 155. 165. 180. 190. 215. 101.83 126.15 . 141.52 153.01 162.28 170.06 176.85 182,86 188.27 193.22 197.75 201.96 205.87 209.55 212.00 , 213.00 216.3 219.4222.4 225.2 228.0 230.6 233.1 235.5 237.8 240.1 250.3 259.3 267.3 275.8 281.0 288.2 292.7 299.0 308.5 317.1 324.9 331.4 338.1 353.1 361.1 366.1 373.1 377.6 388.0 69.8 94.0 109.4 120.9 130.1 137.9 144.7 150.8 156.2 161.1 165.7 169.9 173.8 177.5 180.0 181.0 184.4 187.5 190.5 193.4 196.1 198.8 201.3 203.8 206.1 208.4 218.8 227.3 236.1 244.8 250.1 257.5 262.1 268.5 278.3 287.2 295.3 302.0 309.0 324.6 332.9 338.2 345.6 350.4 361.4 1104.4 1115.0 1121.6 1126.5 1130:5 : 1 1034.6 ; 1021.0 : 1012.3 1005.7 1000.3 : 33.0 \ 173.5 : 118.5 90.5 73.33 1133.7 1136.5 1139.0 1141.1 1143.1 ; ' 995.8 991.8 988.2 985.0 982.0 61.89 53.56 47.27 42.36 5 38.38 1144.9 1146.5 1148.0 1149.4 1150.4 1150.7 1152.0 1153.1 1154.2 1155.2 1156.2 1157.1 1158.0 1158.8 1159.6 1160.4 1163.9 1166.8 1169.4 1172.0 1173.6 1175.7 1177.0 1178.8 1181.4 1183.6 1185.6 1187.2 1188.8 1192.2 979.2 976.6 974.2 971.9 970.4 969.7 967.6 965.6 963.7 961.8 960.0 958.3 956.7 955.1 : 953.5 952.0 945.1 938.9 933.3 927.2 923.5 918.2 914.9 910.2 903.0 896.4 890.3 885.2 879.8 867.6 35.10 32.36 30.03 28.02 26.79 26.27 24.79 23.38 22.16 21.07 20.08 19.18 18.37 17.62 16.93 16.30 13.74 11.89 10.49 9.20 8.51 7.65 7.17 6.56 5.74 5.10 4.60 4.23 3.88 3.219 1194.0 1195.0 1196.4 1197.3 1199.2 861.0 856.8 850.8 846.9 837.9 2.920 2.753 2.533 2.406 2.138 91 TYPICAL CONNECTIONS \ American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 tWAMBIQW 8WIHC mTKQVJT- BWI9- Allowance for expansion must be made in long runs of mains both vertical and horizontal mitEJTn" AnShJTn,-h10Uld f*'.nstalcd >5 any run over 100 ft. 0 in. long and one for each additional otherendConnections* b h o ect'ons should be made so as to allow a swing both at the main and the Fig. 25. Typical Expansion Connections 92 93 'American Society bj Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Fig. 31. Return Connections to Blast Coils II 95 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 GonNEcnonsTOSTuttCETAnx WtTWgmOTARVHEATlnG OIL Fig. 32. Connections to Coils in Tanks Fig. 33. Typical Connections to Kitchen and Hospital Equipment Chapter VIII HOT WATER HEATING HOT water heating may be divided into two classes, forced and gravity circulation. The first is used on large units and other installations where it would be difficult to obtain uniform heating by gravity circulation. In many cases, approaching the natural dividing line between the two systems,' a combination of forced and gravity cir culation is installed, in which a'pump is used as an auxiliary to circulate the water during periods of heavy firing. GRAVITY HOT WATER SYSTEMS Gravity hot-water heating may be divided into several classes, de pending on the method of running the flow and return mains. For residences, the two-pipe, up-feed system generally is used. This means that the flow and return mains are run on the ceiling of the basement, with branches and risers feeding the serveal radiators from below. Where attic space is available, and in shops and factories the down-feed system often is used. This may have either' single or double drops, although the single drop is preferable. The chief advantage of the down-feed system is that it raises the mean effective circulating head, and obviates many of the fine adjustments that are required with the up-feed system. Sometimes, when there is plenty of circulating head available, a twopipe up-feed system with a single-pipe basement circuit is installed. This system, while it cuts down the amount of piping in the basement, increases the size of the mains because it divides the available circulating head into two circuits. The basic principle of gravity circulation is shown in Fig. 34. As . the water in column A is heated, and its density decreases it is over balanced by the cold water in B. The water in column B, being colder, always outweighs the water in column A, and thus circulation is estab lished. As the temperature difference between these two columns is increased, the difference in weight increases, with a consequent increase in the velocity of circulation. The velocity of circulation also varies with the difference in elevation betweeen the heater and the radiators. A circuit similar to that shown in Fig. 35 will not circulate, because the hot water is not overbalanced by the cold. Adding pressure to the water will not increase the velocity of circulation in any way, except that it may allow greater temperature differences to exist between the flow and return columns. The velocity of circulation cannot be increased or decreased by changing the pitch of the mains. Material for this, section was prepared especially for The Guide by William Hutton, Winsted. Conn., in collaboration with Philip Parker.. Woburn, Mass., W. P. Elder. Sherman Parker and A. F. Karlson, Fitchburg, Mass. Greenhouse heating by F. P. Elder, Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y. 97  American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 In actual practice, the circulation of water in a hot-water heating system is much more complicated than that shown in a simple circuit like Fig. 34. Every radiator then has a separate circuit of its own which must have approximately the same resistance as every other circuit. Each of these circuits has an individual length, height and amount of heat to be delivered. If any one circuit has a great advantage over the others, it will increase this advantage by heating the main return, which subtracts from the effective height of all the other radiators involved. If the risers to radiator B, Fig. 37, were changed to 1 J/i in. and all other connections remained as shown, the hot water would pass through this radiator with a very small temperature drop and back into the return main. This would subtract 3 ft. of effective height from radiators C and D and might even cause reverse circulation. With gravity hot-water heating the force tending to cause circulation is very small. For 40 deg. drop, it only amounts to tit in. of water pressure for each foot of effective height. There is very little data available on the flow of hot water in pipes under conditions such as are found in gravity work. The pioneers in this field adapted their formulae from tests made on large cast iron pipes such, as are used in city water works. These formulae were not adapted to conditions such as are found in gravity hot-water heating, but they were the only ones available at the time. All modern formulae are based on the experiments of German engineers with pipes and fittings, such as are found in that country. How these compare with ours is a matter of conjecture. DESIGNING A GRAVITY SYSTEM To make all the radiators in a grav Fig. 34. Illustrates Princible of Gravity Circulation Fig. 35. Circulation Impossi ble With This Arrangement ity circulating system correspond with one another, it is necessary to assume a temperature drop for the circuit, and then equalize all the individual Circuits to this temperature drop. To be correct it should be based on a weight difference between the flow and return risers as weight difference and temperature drop do not correspond at different water temperatures. It is usual to assume an average water temperature of 180 deg. fahr. A low-temperature drop requires larger piping, and is not so responsive to the fire because there is more water in circulation, but due to the low-water velocity it is much easier to balance. A low-temperature drop is better where several radiators are taken from a single main as in the one-pipe system. 98 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 SELECTING THE RIGHT PIPE SIZE The charts, Fig. 36, show the pipe sizes required for temperature drops of 20, 30 and 40 deg. The vertical lines represent the total length of the circuit, divided by the effective height. The length of the circuit should be figured as if a separate pipe were carried from the heater to each indi vidual radiator and back to the heater again, as is indicated in the diagram, Fig: 37. The effective height in simple circuits should be the distance between the center of the heater and the center of the radiator. In compound circuits such as is shown at AA, Fig. 37, the mean effective height would be the B.t.u. delivered by each separate heat emitting unit, multiplied by its effective height, the sum being divided by the total B.t.u. of the circuit. The horizontal lines in the charts represent the capacity of the circuit in B.t.u. per hour and in square feet of radiation. It is better to work from the B.t.u. side of the chart, as a square foot of radiation is a meaningless term. The chart for a 30 deg. drop has been made opposite hand from the 20 deg. and 40 deg. charts to save space. Knowing the number of B.t.u., or the square feet of radiation, follow the line horizontally to the vertical line representing the ratio of the effective height to the length of the circuit. The next lower diagonal line, representing the size of pipe, gives the answer required. For example, 10,000 B.t.u. would be supplied to a circuit 100 ft. long with 10 ft. of effective height by an lM-in. pipe with a 20 deg. drop, by a 1 in. pipe with a 30 deg. drop and a 1 in. pipe with a 40 deg. drop, but the total capacity in the case of the 40 deg. drop would be about 17,000 heat units. The pipe sizes, as given above would be correct if a separate pipe were taken from the heater to each radiator, with a separate return from each radiator back to the heater: From 10 to 30 per cent would have to be added to the actual length of the circuit to allow for the additional re sistance of fittings. It is customary to run all these different circuits as far as possible in a single main. This decreases the frictional resistance because of the additional capacity of the larger pipes. RESISTANCE IN PIPES AND FITTINGS The chart in Fig. 38 gives the proportional resistance of pipes in terms of a smaller size. For example, the 2-in. line crosses 2K-in. at 0.3, the 3-in. at 0.13, the 33^-in. at 0.05 and the 4-in. at 0.025. A circuit made up of 10 ft. of each of the above sizes, while having a total length of 40 ft. would only have a resistance equal to 15 ft. of 2-in. pipe. In many cases the proportional resistance of the larger pipes will balance the additional resistance of the fittings. A chart showing the resistance of fittings is given under the section on Forced Hot-Water Heating. The size of the mains must be proportioned to the greatest ratio between length of circuit and effective height. These charts may be used for any type or form of gravity hot-water heating having from 6 to 60,000 sq. ft. of radiation. The principle involved is the same for residences, greenhouses, or industrial buildings. Hot-water circulation is positive arid certain, provided that none of its basic principles are violated: 99 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 !Dr o p American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 EQUALIZING RISER TEMPERATURE DROPS No matter how carefully riser or circuit sizes may be calculated, the limitations imposed by the necessity of using standard sizes of pipe and fittings will affect the results sought for in a heating system. This may be instanced by using the diagram in Fig. 37 as a means of illustration. Suppose the radiator in the circuit C to be 90 sq. ft. instead of 100 sq. ft. Reference to the charts indicates that a % in. pipe would supply 80 sq. ft. and maintain a temperature drop of 40 deg. and that the next size, 1 in., would supply 170 sq. ft. with the same temperature drop and that, if the radiator were 90 sq. ft., the drop would be less than 40 deg. If then, the 40 deg. drop were maintained at the radiators in circuits B and D, some interference would be experienced in the return from these F ig . 36. P ip e Size s R e q u ir e d fo r V a r io u s T e m p e r a tu r e D rops P i p e , >3i z e o - G r a v i t y M o t W a t i ^ t z Dsus.3 0 I jrop. 4 0 2 .0 D eg .Eeop. Fig. 37. Diagram Showing Effective Circuit Heights With Radiators Above and at Boiler Level and Method of Calculating Capacity of Circuits from Charts in Fig. 36. radiators. The choice would then lie between using a % in. connection to radiator C and having the drop more than 40 deg., or using a 1 in. pipe and retarding the flow by some means so as to secure the equal drop. Several methods may be suggested to secure this. The radiator valve and union ell may be made % in. to add a little friction, a special fitting may be inserted in the tee on the main to divert the flow to some extent, or the riser may be trapped to increase the frictional resistance. This resistance may be varied to some extent by varying the depth of the trap. Again, there may be some advantage in making the temperature drops at various branch circuits unequal. It would seem that ideal conditions would be obtained if the greater drop were at the return connection 101 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 nearest the boiler as at C, in Fig. 37, with a slightly lower drop at B and the lowest at D. Then the water would have a gradually falling tempera ture throughout the main -circuit, from the boiler back to the boiler. These conditions would favor a steady circulation at any boiler tempera ture without interference or retarding of the return flow from any of the various radiators. Therefore, if the radiators at C were 90 sq. ft. and connected with % in. pipe, the temperature drop might be greater than 40 deg., but the result would be better than if 1 in. were used and resistances introduced to equalize the drop to 40 deg. PIPE SIZES FOR FORCED CIRCULATION A basic rule to be followed in computing pipe sizes for systems of hotwater heating using forced circulation is that the pressure drop at each radiator, due to friction in the mains, risers and branches, must be uniform throughout. Selection of pipe sizes from charts or tables stating the maximum duty performed does not afford a close enough distribution of the load on the system to insure perfect operation. The pump in a forced circulation system delivers a fixed volume of water and a gain for one radiator must be a loss for another. . A convenient means of determining the pressure drop due to friction is found in two charts which originally appeared in the May 28, 1920, issue of the Metal Worker, Plumber & Steam Fitter, and are reproduced herewith. Fig. 39 gives the friction pressure drop in straight lines of pipe and is based upon the formulae of A. V. Serginsky. These formulae take into consideration the greatly decreased viscosity of liquids at increased temperatures as found by the experiments of Biel and give much smaller pipe sizes for this class of work than those obtained by the formulae of Weisbach. The chart shown in Fig. 40 gives the length of pipe for which the resistance is equivalent to that of a given fitting of the same size. . The chart is read by laying a straight-edge across the given pipe size and the given capacity, and reading the result for short-radius elbows. The equivalent length of pipe for other fittings may be found by multi plying by the constants given. An average pressure drop per foot for the mains, due to friction, must first be obtained by dividing the pressure against which the pump will deliver the necessary quantity of water by the actual piping distance to and from the farthest radiator, plus the allowance for fittings. Using this figure for the loss-in-pressure factor on the chart, preliminary pipe sizes may be obtained. To make the sizes of the branches more nearly equal throughout the system, the size of the main near the pump should be less than that read on the chart, and the size of the main at the far end greater than that given. The total friction drop for the circuit should now be checked and such corrections made as may be necessary. To obtain the pipe sizes for the branches compute the friction drop for the supply and return main from the pump to each supply and return 102 ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 branch. The working pressure of the pump less the sum of the friction loss in the supply and return mains to any pair of branch lines will give the pressure loss due to friction, that may be used in those branches. From the charts the size of each branch may be computed in the same way as the sizes of the mains were obtained. Size: of Pipe: Fig. 38. Chart Showing Proportional Resistance of Pipes' As much of the pressure drop as possible should be confined to. the branches so that they will be as small as possible. At the same time it must be borne in mind that if this is carried too far the size of the branches near the pump may be smaller than is desirable in practice. 103 Size o f Pj/oe American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Theoretically, the pipe sizes calculated by this method will be so nearly , correct that the friction loss and, therefore, the flow, will be equal at all' radiators. In practice, however, this is impossible because of the gaps in pipe sizes and many engineers specify the use of lock shield valves on one connection to each radiator so that the system may be adjusted to work evenly after it is in operation. . 104 IV American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 A typical arrangement of pumps and heaters such as are used in forcedcirculation systems is shown in Fig. 41. GREENHOUSE HEATING BY HOT WATER Generally speaking greenhouses are heated by either hot water or steam systems though the former method is the older, simpler and more common method. Although the same tables, formulae or other data that are used to estimate the heating requirements of systems in the usual type of build ings are applicable to greenhouse heating systems, there are many dif ferences that must be kept in mind so that due allowance may be made in the specification of the plant. For instance, the highest temperatures are required at night, whereas with residence systems the maximum temperatures are required in the day time. Greenhouse fires are banked during the day and fuel consump tion is heaviest at night in contrast to practically all other types of buildings where the fires are banked at night. Greenhouse radiation is almost exclusively made up of piping. The temperatures demanded are almost always below 70 deg. and with lower temperatures and TABLE 75. TEMPERATURE REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES House Temp. Required. ' Dec. Fahr. . General Purposes..................................................................................................... Cool .Greenhouse (Show)....................................................................................... Forciiig House.... ...................................................................................................... Tropical, or Stove H.............................................................................................. Conservatory (General Collection) (Winter Garden)................................. 55 to 60 45 a 60 60 u 65 65 a 70 60 " 65 Palm House.-........................................................................................................... Tropical Palm House............................ -.............................. ................................ Cool Palm House..................................................................................................... Orchid House...... ...................................................................................................... Cool Orchid House..... .............................................................. ....... ..................... Rose House..............................................................................:...... :...:.................... Carnation House...... ............................................................................................... Violet House.............................................................................................................. Propagating House.-..........................................:................................................... Camelias and Azaleas...... ..................................................................:................... 60 65 65 a 70 50 * 55 65 a 70 50 a 55 55 " 60 45 a 55 40 " 45 55 a 60 45 a 50 Cool Vinery................................................................................................................ Cool and Damp Early Vinery (Start January and February)................................................ Second Vinery (Start February and March)...-........................................... Late Vinery............................................................................................................... 65. 65 tuo 70 70 65 a 70 Cool Peach House (Cold Damp Weather), Early Peach House (Start January and February)..................................................................................... . 65 u 70 Second Peach House (Start February and March), Late Peach House `"(Ripen November and December).... .............. ......................... .................. -65 70 Tomato, and Cucumber House........... ,.......................... ................................... ' Lettuce House...,..................................................................................................... 65 40 a 70 45 M ushroom House................................... .......................... ...... ............................... Fern House.............................. _....................................... ,,...........!............ ,...... .. 55 60 " a 60 65 105 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 radiating surface giving a higher fate of heat emission, special care must be given to the selection of the boiler. The matter of levels also effects the design and proportions of the heat ing mains. In many greenhouse ranges the walk levels are not more than 2 ft. 6 in., or 3 ft., above the top of the boiler and where all of the radiating 50 40 S J0- I 20`- IS' -- 3 I X & -10.000 0, - 9.000 K - 9.000 - 7.000 - 6.000 ^ -5.000 *2 -40OO > ,? - 3.000 k I -ZOOO - V? - i.ooo 300 - SOO 700 COO SOO 400 I t; Si lA I for other f/tt/ngs muff/pfy the resistance o/ short radius e/hows hy the io/fayv/ng factors. Out/e/ from heater or radiator Long radius elbows 2. 0.5 Globe Vo/vc r*e Slg 2. /-3 Return Bend Angle Valve t.S 2. r _ 6W - 7` - 6` - S" -4 - * - 3' - 2j - 2' 1*3 70 * V 60 SO 40 Si 30 <0 - /' -4 / - 20 . I.S' - .o'.7'- -f Copyright, Metal Worker. Plumber and Steam Fitter Fic. 40- Chart for Finding Friction Loss through Fittings surface is made up of pipe coils on a level not higher than 1 ft. 6 in. above the floor, especially if there are short benches requiring short coils under them, special care is necessary to avoid short circuiting, or interference with the flow through low temperature drops in the short coils. " The temperatures required in houses are given in Table 75. 106 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 ESTIMATING HEATING REQUIREMENTS Heating requirements, i.e., the amounts of radiation for greenhouses, are not obtained by scientific calculation or intricate formulae; at least, they are not so obtained by greenhouse specialists. In this calculation only the exposed glass surfaces and other exposed surfaces reduced to the equivalent of glass surfaces are considered. The loss of heat by conduc tion through the glass is, of course, by far the greatest loss, but there is another considerable loss which it is very difficult, if not absolutely impossible to calculate, that is, the loss by air leakage between the lights of glass at the laps. These two make up practically all of the losses. The only other losses are those through open doors and through vents. The latter are generally intentional, and used to reduce the greenhouse to the required temperature;, but a change of air is necessary for plant growth, so the vents are not opened except for reducing the inside temperature. Modern greenhouses are glazed almost exclusively with double-thick glass in lights 16 in. wide and 24 in. long. The glazing bars, or ribs, are then usually 163^2 in. center to center. The lap of the glass is % in. by eye measurement. Sometimes 24 x 24 in. glass is used, but. not often, and with this size, the bow, or spring, of the glass when the wind blows is greater, and the heat loss through the laps may accordingly be greater as a consequence. The cubic contents in ratio to the surrounding glass surface, the size and the shape are, of course, more or less factors, but as previously stated, only the glass and glass equivalent enter into the calculation for the quantities of radiating surface. The engineer may modify somewhat the quantities so obtained because of the ratio of the contents to the enclosing glass, or the size or shape of the structure, or because of its geographical position or its elevation, or because the greenhouse is in a particularly exposed position. The calculation is merely that of dividing the glass and the equivalent surface by the proper divisor. . WATER TEMPERATURE The average temperature of the water in a gravity hot-water heating system is assumed to be about 150 deg. fahr., and the average coefficient of transmission of the radiating surface is assumed to be 2, and as pre viously stated, only the glass and other exposed surfaces reduced to the equivalent of glass are considered in the calculation.. The factors, or divisors, for glass surfaces are derived from the following formula: where R = (r-i)x G (150 -C)X2 T = temperature desired, fahr.; ( = temperature out of doOrs (0 deg. fahr.); 150 = temperature of water in radiating surface, fahr.: G = glass and glass equivalent surface; 2 = coefficient of transmission; R -- radiating surface. . 107 . I American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 From the above formula the divisors in the table following are derived: TABLE 76. FACTORS FOR GLASS SURFACES For 70 to 75 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 2.0 For 65 to 70 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 2.28 For 60 to 65 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 2.62 For 55 to 60 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 3. For 50 to 55 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 3.46 For 45 to 50 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 4. For 40 to 45 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 4.67 For 35 to 40 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 5.5 ' It will be noted that the temperatures given in the table are not 75 deg., 70 deg., 65 deg., etc., but 70-75 deg., 65-70 deg., 60-65 deg., etc. Greenhouses are so very sensitive to wind and so very unamenable to Fig. 41. Typical Arrangement of Pumps and Heaters for Forced Circulation System ; . exact calculation that the initiated greenhouse man allows himself 5 deg. as leeway or as a factor of safety, and when he intends to heat to 60 deg. he specifies 55-60 deg. j Greenhouses do not respond exactly to figures in various ways: The same amount of glass may in two different hoifses enclose, vastly different volumes; the air loss between the laps, though: probably never calculated. 108 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 may be quite different per square foot of glass in two houses of the same size, design and construction, on account of the difference in workman ship or of glass quality, or of both. The humid atmosphere of greenhouses --and for some purposes the atmosphere is much more humid than for others, as for instance, for rose growing--at some temperatures causes the laps to seal with condensation, checking, or stopping the air loss through the laps. At other temperatures these laps are sealed with ice and the inside surface of the glass is entirely frosted over so that its conductivity is changed. It may be much more difficult to, heat a greenhouse at 15-20 deg. above zero, or even at 25 deg. above zero, with the wind blowing, than at zero or below, because, the low temperature house may be sealed with ice, as stated. And so, the same formula will not work out exactly for outside temperatures below zero; and in some parts where the mini mum outside temperature is above zero, or where the minimum of zero is rarely reached and then for short periods only, as in some Southern states, while it is true that the same amount of heat is required to offset the low outside temperature, the duration of the cold spell is so very short that it is unnecessary to pipe the houses or to provide boilers as large as the same house or houses would require further North, RATIO OF AIR CONTENT TO GLASS SURFACE The ratio of air content of the greenhouses to the glass surfaces increases with the width, so the number of changes of air through laps of glass, however many they may be, are less per hour with a wide house than with a narrow one, and the experienced heating man knows this and judiciously omits a line or two of pipe in very wide houses, after having divided the glass surface by the proper divisor. Fig. 42 shows in section two conventional, even span, adjacent green houses of the ridge and furrow, or saw-tooth type, converted by extending the roof lines until they bisect each other, into one even span house; and the sketch also shows at once that above the eaves line the cubic contents contained by the same amount of glass in the large house is just twice the quantity contained above the eaves lines in the two small, ones, and, obviously, it requires less heat units to heat the one large house than it does the two small houses, although the glass surfaces are the same. But how much less heat? Who can say? Glass laid by eye measurement, and glass of varying quality are inconstants. A table compiled for purposes of comparing the cubic contents and the glass surfaces in the roofs of the houses in widths of 20 to 80 ft. shows that in the 20 ft. houses: ' ' ,. . . Glass : Contents : : I : 2.34 whereas in 80 ft. houses, with the same roof pitch: Glass : Contents : : 1 :9.8 . . Greenhouse radiation is almost always, made up of pipe surface--horizontal pipe placed on the side walls, on the sides of solid beds and under raised benches, sometimes on the columns supporting the roof. 109 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 KINDS OF PIPE Steam mains are usually carried overhead on columns, sometimes with the return mains in trenches. The greenhouse heating engineer and con tractor uses 3^-in. cast iron pipe mainly for private greenhouse heating with hot water. This pipe holds about 2 qt. per lineal foot, and the super ficial surface is about 1.05 sq. ft. to the. lineal foot. This pipe is very popular for heating private greenhouses with water for two reasons: (1) it holds so much water that it cools slowly and does not require close attention through the night when a fireman or watchman is not employed; (2) because of its great durability. Cast iron pipe outlast wrought iron or wrought steel pipe in the humid atmosphere of greenhouses. The greenhouse heating contractor divides the quantity of glass and glass equivalent in the section of the greenhouse by the proper factor from the Table 76 for the temperature desired, and accepts the result obtained as the required number of lines of 3J^-in. cast iron pipe, this size providing about 1 sq. ft. of surface to the lineal foot of pipe (1.05 sq. ft.). In most commercial greenhouses, 2-in. pipe is used for hot-water heat ing, and where the houses are not too long, or there are not too many of them, 2-in. pipe does not, of course, hold the same quantity of water as 3}A in., and therefore requires a little closer attention. Its cost, how ever, is considerably less; hence it is used in commercial ranges. The coils are constructed, for hot-water heating, of parallel lines with the number of flows equal to the number of return lines. Two-inch pipe coils are constructed of pipes in. center to center, horizontally and vertically. It is desirable to place the bulk of the piping on the sides of the house, and the remainder of it about evenly distributed under the plant benches or on the sides of the solid beds, the main idea being'to produce a proper transmission of heat across the full width of the house with due regard to the shape of the roof, its greatest cooling surface. POSITION OF RADIATION Greenhouses are piped in all sorts of ways to suit the great number of different ideas of greenhouse operators; to suit their different ideas on the subject of plant bench or plant bed arrangement which arrange ments govern largely the location and arrangement of the piping; and to suit the special requirements of the plants or flowers to be grown in the houses. In short, it may be said that the greenhouse heating engineer does not always place, the piping, the radiating surface, just where it belongs, but he does put it where he may or where the operator's plant arrangement permits. As intimated, there are many problems of distribution of coils. When they must be large or long, and small or short coils served by the same mains, care must be taken to avoid short circuits through the short coils. Long pipe coils always present the problem of taking care of expansion. The coils need, riot be graded very considerably in order to produce circulation; pitch, or grade, is required to produce, high points where air may collect and be released. 110 j | " .; i ! I ! I' | ; i 5 ij | | f 3 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 A grade, or pitch, of %th of an inch in 10 ft. is ample. There is a dearth of dependable data and rules for the sizing of mains with which to connect the coils with the boiler or boilers, owing to the fact that greenhouse heating uses more pipe for radiating surface with less head or elevation than is required or used with any other type of gravity heating. When the size of the system is so large as to call for large mains, say 7 in. pipe, or larger, it may generally be stated as a fact that the system is a little too large for gravity hot-water heating. Greenhouses should then be heated with steam, or at any rate the cir culation should be accelerated by means of a centrifugal pump or hotwater circulator or accelerator, because large mains in gravity hot-water heating systems almost always present difficulties in the way of distinct self-contained circulations and counter currents. For steam heating, lj^-in. pipe is used almost exclusively, and the greenhouse man has found that where one line of 3J^-in. pipe is required to produce a certain specified temperature with hot water as the heating medium, one line of lj-in. steam pipe at 0.5 lb. pressure will do the same work. This fact is inconsistent with the application of the divisors given Fig. 42. ' Sketch Shows Relation of Cubic Contents and Roof Glass Surfaces for quantities of radiation, but the difference is probably accounted for by the fact that pipe, being of so much higher temperature, is better distributed. Much of it is distributed in single lines; most of it in flat coils, and seldom in two rows, one over the other, and even then the coils are constructed so as to provide drainage, with a pitch from the supply end to the return bends at the opposite end, and back from the return bends to the return header, so that the coils converge and are not close together. The pipe lines do not, therefore, interfere with each other in radiating their heat. Furthermore, with the proper boiler it is easily possible to increase the pressure as desired. ' LARGE RANGES HAVE STEAM SYSTEMS Hot-water heating was used almost exclusively 20 to 25 years ago. Now the use of hot-water heating is confined to private ranges and to small and medium-sized commercial ranges. It is practically never used in large commercial greenhouse ranges. Its cost would be prohibitive. Hot water is, of course, much more economical in small houses, but in `' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 large ranges a properly designed hot-water plant and a properly designed steam system would be equally economical, but the first cost of hot water is very much above the first cost of steam. In very large ranges vacuum steam heating is frequently used. This permits the use of smaller mains, smaller return connections and has the advantage of quick circulation, and immediately responds to sudden demands. . ` ` j ! 112 f I Chapter IX WARM-AIR FURNACE HEATING GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN I T is assumed in the following discussion that a recirculating system is to be installed, with a maximum air temperature at the registers ranging between 175 and 185 deg. fahr., maintaining 70 deg. inside in the coldest weather. Under the conditions just indicated the procedure to be followed in designing a gravity warm-air furnace heating system may be summarized as follows: 1. Determine the hourly heat loss H, from each room in British thermal units when the room temperature is 70 deg. fahr., and the outside temperature is 10 deg. above the lowest on record. Include any cold floors, ceilings, and partitions in the com* putations, and assume unheated spaces are at 30 to 35 deg. fahr.' For heat transmission factors see the chapter heat losses from buildings, as this part of the work is exactly the same as for a steam or water heating system. 2. Determine the size in square inches of the leader (basement pipe), to each room by dividing the heat loss from each room (obtained in (1) above), by the heat carrying capacity of 1 sq. in. of leader pipe for first, second or third floor runs as the case may be. Leader pipe capacities over a wide range of register temperatures, for a three-story installation, are shown in Fig. 43, and a typical example is presented in the following pages. No leader should be less than 8 in. in diameter,.ilor over 12 ft. in length. If leaders must be extended beyond 12 ft., or have to be run with angles of more than 45 deg., then the diameter should be increased one pipe size:' 3. The wall stacks are made as near the leader size as possible, but may be reduced to 75 per cent of the area of the leaders with little effect on their capacity. * 4. Registers for the warm-air inlets should have a free area exclusive of all grille work not less than the area of the basement leader pipe. 5. The recirculating duct should be made at least equal in area to the suni of the areas of the warm-air leaders and should be run with as few angles, bends, or offsets as possible: The effect of properly and improperly designed recirculating ducts on furnace capacity is discussed in a following section. This duct should enter the furnace through a shoe of full area, the top of which is not above the level of the grate (See Fig. 45). 6. The recirculating register should be placed preferably in the first floor hallway and the air should have free access to it on all sides. Registers in corners or against a wall are at a great disadvantage. The free area through the register should at least be equal to the area of the recirculating duct. ' : '1 ' . 7. The furnace should be selected on the basis of grate area, and. at the same time the free area through the furnace must be not less than the sum of all leader areas. It is evident that the coal burned on the grate must furnish all the.heat required to keep the house at 70 deg. in coldest weather, and at the same time provide for any line losses between the furnace and the rooms, as well as radiation losses from the furnace, and the heat carried away in the smoke gases. Since the total heat loss H from the house has been determined in (1), it is first necessary to allow a reasonable factor for line losses . which can be taken at 25 per cent oi H. The heat lost from the furnace and inthe smoke gases is approximately 40 per cent*of the heat in the coal, which leaves 60 per cent for _____________ , Material for this section was prepared especially for Tub GuiDB by Arthur ,C. \VUlard, Urbana. Ilk 113 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Fig. 43. Curves Showing Effect of Register Temperature on Leader Capacities useful heating effect put into the air leaving the bonnet. A good average chimney flue will provide for a draft sufficient to burn readily 6 lb. of coal per sq. ft. of grate per hr. The grate area (G) in sq. in. may, therefore, be computed as follows: . if X 144 X 1.25 H U 6 X 12,000 X 0.60 240 Select a furnace having a grate area as near the calculated value as possible. In general take a grate which has a larger rather than a smaller area than that calculated.' H = heat loss in B.t.u. from all rooms to which furnace supplies heat. G = grate area in sq. in. (not fire-pot area). 144 = sq. in. in a sq. ft. . 1.25 = the allowance of 25 per cent for line losses in leaders and stacks. 6 = lb. of coal readily burned per sq. ft. of grate per hr. 12,000 = total heat value in B.t.u. of 1 lb. of good average coal.. . . 0.60 a decimal allowing for a furnace efficiency of 60 per cent. 240 -- all the above numerical values combined.into one number. Now check free area of furnace selected against the sum of all leader areas. These two values should be practically equal to each other. . 114 Fig. 44. Floor Plans of House Used in Typical Design Problem 8. The smoke connection should be not over 10 ft. in length and have not more than one 45 deg. angle, if made same size as cast-iron smoke collar on furnace. A suitable and accessible cleanout should be provided in this pipe, and both a cross damper and a check damper should be installed in the smoke connection. 9. The chimney flue should be not less than 9x12 in. clear inside and for the larger furnaces should be 12 x 12 in. inside. A lined flue, of the best fire day flue lining made, is to be preferred, provided the lining is made absolutely tight at the joints and is backed up solidly with mortar so that there is no air space between lining and brick work of chimney, . 10. All hot surfaces should be thoroughly covered with standard insulation not less than K in. in thickness. Asbestos paper, if applied only in a single layer, materially increases the heat loss from bright tin and galvanized iron surfaces (See Btdletin No. 117 of the Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois.) . . TYPICAL EXAMPLE IN SELECTION OF PROPER LEADER SIZES1 It is, of course, necessary to wait until more test data are available before making final recommendations as to the proper procedure, and the most suitable values to use in designing a furnace heating system. It may not, however, be out of place to discuss a simple application of the data so far obtained to a typical furnace heating design problem using such values as are now available. In the following discussion it has been found necessary to use register temperatures as high as 185 deg. fahr. for the first floor leaders. It is undoubtedly desirable, however, to use a lower range of register temperatures, with a maximum outlet tem perature of not over 175 deg. fahr., whenever possible. Curves; Fig. 43 have been plotted from the data obtained in seven tests on the main plant, Fig. 47 showing the relation between the register From Bulletin No. 112. Engineering Experiment Station. University of Illinois. 115 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 temperatures on any floor, and the B.t.u. carried per square inch of leader pipe per hour to each of these floors. It should be noted that with a very short and well-designed recirculating duct Fig. 48, it is possible to increase the values shown in these curves by 10-15 per cent. . Knowing the B.t.u. loss per hour from any room on any floor (first, second or third), and given any register temperature, using the value of B.t.u. per square inch of leader pipe from these curves, simple division will give the square inch of leader pipe necessary to heat the room to 70Jdeg. fahr., on a zero day, for which in this case the heat loss has been' calculated in Table 77. ' Taking the first floor rooms of the house plan shown in Fig. 44, and assuming a register temperature for a zero day of 185 deg. fahr. from the curve for the first floor, it is evident that 1 sq. in. of leader pipe will carry 115 B.t.u. per hour to the rooms. Then dividing the B.t.u. loss per hour from the room by 115 gives the number of square inches of leader pipe necessary to heat the room on a zero day. : From the test data obtained in the seven tests referred to above, it is apparent that the temperature at the registers on the second floor is approximately 10 deg. lower than that on the first floor, or about 175 deg. fahr. In like manner from the second floor curve it is found that 1 sq. in. of leader pipe at this temperature will supply 160 B.t.u. per hr. Dividing the heat loss from the second floor rooms by this value gives the squares inches of leader pipe necessary to offset the heat loss from the seconds floor rooms. 116 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 In like manner the test data show a register temperature on the third floor that is about the same as that on the first floor. From the third floor curve it will be seen that at 185 deg. fahr. register temperature 1 sq. in. of leader pipe will carry 215 B.t.u. per hr. The square inches of leader pipe for the third floor rooms is found as before. . In plotting the curves, the average register temperature for any one floor was used in each case. It will be noted from the typical test data, that there is a considerable variation in register temperatures on any one floor. It is therefore evident that the size of the pipe as figured may not be absolutely correct in each case. It is not much in error, however, and in view of the large increase in pipe areas from one size to the next, the error is negligible for all practical purposes. It is quite evident that the design of a furnace heating system must be based on the B.t.u. loss per hour from each room. This method of computation is quite familiar to the engineer and can be used by any well-qualified furnace man, as fairly simple formulas can be made to cover most types of installation. It is found that the living room on the first floor of the house under consideration has a heat loss of about 16,600 B.t.u. per hr. With a register temperature of 185 deg. fahr., each square inch of leader supplies 115 B.t.u. and the calculated area becomes X 144 sq. in., which 115 requires either one 9-in. and one 10-in. leader, or a special 13^-in. leader. Following is a table showing the heat loss in B.t.u. per hour from each room of the typical house Fig. 44 and the size of leader pipe as TABLE 77. HEAT LOSS DATA AND LEADER SIZES FOR A TYPICAL FURNACE PROBLEM Room FIRST FLOOR B.T.U. Loss per Hour Size Pipe by Test Data SQ. In. Size Pipe by Install. In. Area Sq. In. Hall ...................................... Toilet....................................................... 15,590 14,040 8980 11,810 2287 144 121 78 103 19 SECOND FLOOR . - 6990 8670 8335 7245 3254 44 54 52 45 20 1--9 and 1-10 12 10 12 8* . 8 9 9 8 8* 143 113 78 113 50 50 64 64 50 50 THIRD FLOOR (assuming same rooms as second floor) ( Rooms same as second floor with 20 per cent greater heat loss____ 8400 10,404. 10,000 8700 3900 40 48 47 40 18 . 8 8 8 8 8* 50 50 50 50 50 No size used commercially less than ft-in. diameter pipe. 117 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 previously figured. The size leader that would be installed based on the results as figured and the actual areas of same are also given. Stacks are assumed of common commercial sizes as the plant from which the data were secured has the common commercial size stacks. These are approximately 0.7 of the leader area for the second floor, and 0.6 of the leader area for the third floor. ill jlj !{: Curt/eI Furnace with Rectangu/ar t Return Duct < CurveIT 5ame furnace >ut with / n/Curve * / / AUrvtti // 1 / t Q. y / / / ______ Vj . / /' / < ' 120 MO 160 ISO 200 EquivalentRegister Temperaturr (Jhiversttv ofIllinois ,Vw. Fig. 46. Curves Showing Relation of Capacity to Shape of Return Duct As test data are not yet available on stacks and registers no attempt has been made to discuss the design of this part of the system. It is also assumed that all the preceding leaders are short and straight. The effects of long runs and elbows in leaders is being investigated in tests run on the auxiliary plant. . EFFECT OF RECIRCULATING DUCT DESIGN ON FURNACE CAPACITY2 The following discussion is a typical illustration of the kind of informa tion which the University of Illinois and the National Warm Air Heating ,,',A5stra,ct of artic,e by A. C. Willard, A. P. Kratz and V. S. Day in Sheet.Metal Worker. January 19. 192.1. based on tests made at University of Illinois and apply only where gravity circulation is used. 118 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 and Ventilating Association are developing in the warm air furnace re search work which is being carried on jointly by these two agencies at Urbana, Illinois. GENERAL STATEMENT One of the most interesting series of comparative tests which has been carried on in the warm air furnace research work at the University of Illinois was the investigation of the effect of the recirculating duct on the capacity of a gravity warm air furnace. The results are of special interest to the installer and house owner, and since these ducts may materially increase or decrease the heating capacity of any given furnace the furnace manufacturer should be equally interested. When the dif ference in design of two common types of recirculating ducts may affect the furnace capacity by as much as 22 per cent, the details of these ducts, which account for the difference, become of vital importance to everyone connected with furnace installation. The only change in the duct design, or in the entire plant, was to eliminate two right-angled elbows in a rectangular duct with a vertical recirculated air inlet and substitute two 45 deg. elbows with a round duct and a horizontal recirculated air inlet. In fact, the round duct with the 45 deg. elbow developed its superior air passing capacity with a register grille of only 50 per cent free area at the inlet, whereas the rectangular duct inlet was without any grille at all. DESCRIPTION OF PLANT AND TESTS The furnace plant Fig. 47 used in the tests was identical for both cases except for the changes necessary, Fig. 45, in the recirculating system. The tests were made as follows: 1. A group of four tests was selected from previous work, for comparison. These tests were run on the plant, Fig. 47, described under the Main Plant in previous reports, and on pages 18 and 19 of Bulletin No. 120, Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois. The essential features of this plant are shown in Duct A, Fig. 45. 2. A black iron inner casing was provided as in Group 1,. extending from the recir culating duct connection to the top casing ring and spaced 1 in. from the outer casing. A series of capacity tests were run over a wide range of operating tem perature, for this condition. The essential features of this plant are shown in Duct B, Fig. 45. RESULTS OF TESTS The results of the tests are shown in the curves of Fig. 46, in which the capacities (in B.t.u. supplied to the air per hour) are plotted on a register temperature basis. A marked increase in the weight of air, and in capacity Fig. 46 was shown to exist. The round duct without the bad right-angle bends on the rectangular duct handled a much greater 119 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 quantity of air. Table 78 contains a comparison of the two ducts, on a percentage basis, for three'temperatures. It is significant to note that the improved duct has a center-line length of 11 ft. as against 14 ft. for the rectanglar duct. On the other hand, the improved duct was handi capped by having a register grille, whereas the rectangular duct had none. This has been found to be a considerable handicap, amounting to 4 per cent of the furnace capacity at moderate register temperatures. The failure of the rectangular duct to handle the same quantity of air as the round duct may be ascribed to sharp right angle turns, greater length, and greater frictional surface for the same cross-sectional areas. TABLE 78. COMPARISON OF FURNACE CAPACITIES FOR TWO TYPES OF RECIRCULATING DUCT Air Temperature Average at Registers Capacity B.t.u. per Hour* Rectangular Duct . Capacity B.t.u. per Hour* Round Duct Per Cent Increase Round Duct ` 130 (Low) 160 (Moderate) 190 (High) 62,500 97,500 136,000 71,000 116,000 167,000 13.6 19.0 22.4 These values were selected from the curves of Fig. 46. Capacity means B.t.u. (heat units) per hour added to the air as it passed through the furnace and measured at the furnace bonnet, just as the air enters the leaders. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AIR TEMPERATURE AT THE REGISTER ON THE RATING AND CAPACITY OF A WARM-AIR FURNACE3 One of the most important objects of the research work of the warm air furnace heating investigation, which is now in progress at the University of Illinois, has been the determination of the factors affecting the rating of a warm air furnace. Every manufacturer and installer is vitally concerned with the basis upon which furnace ratings are determined. Most manufacturers are agreed that the square inches of leader pipe area which a furnace can supply is a satisfactory basis for expressing the heating capacity of a furnace. Unfortunately, this is not the end of the story by any means, as such a basis of rating is still indefinite, unless the ait temperature at the registers is also stated. The real significance of this air temperature at the registers can be shown very easily by reference to any series of tests run at the University on piped furnaces. In fact, it is a very simple matter to show that a given furnace, connected to a given system of leaders, stacks, and registers as shown in Fig. 47 can be made to develop several different heating capacities when operating with the same number of square inches of leader pipe area. It is only necessary to increase the draft, thereby burning more coal per square foot, of grate, and sis a consequence secure a higher air tempera ture at the register face. That the heating capacity of the furnace will be increased by such a procedure is obvious to anyone, and it should be equally obvious that any attempt to express the rating of a furnace in square inches of leader pipe, area means nothing unless the register tem perature is stated at the same time. 3From an article by A. C. Willard in the American Artisan and Hardware Record, December 30, 1922. . 120 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Fig. 47. Elevation of Piped Furnace Testing Plant--Note Alternative and Better Arrangement of Recirculating Duct in Fig. 45 121 American Society of Heating and- Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 In order to illustrate just how important this item of air temperature at the registers really is, the results of three tests on the piped furnace plant Fig. 47 are presented in Fig. 49 and analyzed: Absolutely no changes were made in the furnace or plant during these tests. In the right hand half of the figure each inclined line represents one test; the lowest line Fig. 48. An Improved Recirculating Duct Which Increased Leader shows the results from a test with the air temperatures at the registers for the three floors averaging 141.2 deg. fahr., the middle line is taken from a test with an average register temperature of 175.8 deg. fahr., and the upper line represents the results of a test with an average register tem perature of 197.5 deg. fahr. The horizontal axis indicates the height of the register above the grate in feet, and the vertical axis gives the heating effect produced in the room per square inch of leader pipe area. 122 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide,'1924-25 For example, during the first or low temperature test, each square inch of leader pipe to the first floor registers supplied 50 B.t.u. per hr. for useful heating effects in the rooms, each square inch of leader- pipe, to second floor registers supplied 89 B.t.u. per hr. for useful heating effect in the rooms, and each square inch of ieader pipe to third floor registers supplied 122 B.t.u. pier hr. for useful heating effect in the rooms. At this time the draft was 0.05 in. of water and the combustion rate was 3.8 lb- of coal per sq. ft. of grate. By merely increasing the draft to 0.14 in. of water, the combustion rate in the second test increased to 5.6 lb. of coal per sq. ft. of grate and the average air temperatures at the registers became 175.8 deg. fahr. This raised the useful heat carrying capacity of each square inch of leader pipe for the first floor from 50 to 103 B.t.u. per hr., for the second floor from 89 to 153 B. t.u. per hr., and for the third floor from 122 to 204 B.t.u. per hr. A further increase of the draft to 0.16 in. of water gave a still higher combustion rate of 6.5 lb. per. sq. ft. of grate and correspondingly greater heat carrying capacities for each square inch of leader as shown in the upper curve of the right-hand half of Fig. 49. ` The left-hand half of Fig. 49 shows the air velocities in the leaders to each floor for each test. A glance at the curves (each curve represents one test) will show that the velocity and hence the quantity of air de livered was materially increased each time the register temperature was increased, hence an increase in register temperature not only adds more heat to each pound of air supplied at the registers, but also increases the number of pounds of the hotter air which is supplied. In all cases the leader area was the same. __ _ I_____________ ......v v./vacLi^ juot wiial ciioii uie cnangcs in air temperature at the registers have had on the heating capacity of this furnace and plant. The first floor leader area is 4 X 113 = 452 sq. in., the second floor leader area is 2 X 50 + 2 X 64 = 228 sq. in., and the third floor leader area is 2 X 64 = 128 sq. in., or a total of 808 sq. in. The free area of the furnace is 838.4 sq. in. Hence this furnace developed the following useful heating capacities (that is, heat supplied at registers for heating rooms to 70 deg. fahr.) in each of the three tests: Test Number 1. .. Register temperature = 141.2 deg. lahr. (Draft = 0.05 in. and combustion rate = 3.8 lb. per sq. ft. of grates.) 452 X 50 = 22,600 228 X 89 = 20,300 128 X 122 = 15,600 58,500 B.t.u. per hr. ' Test Number 2. Register temperature = 175.8 deg. fahr. (Draft = 0.14 in. and combustion rate = 5.6 lb. per sq. ft. of grate.) 452 X 103 = 46,600 228 X 153 = 34,900 128 X 204 = 26,100 ,, . 107,600 B.t.u. per hr. 123 ' . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 ' - , Test Number 3. Register temperature =. 197.5 deg. fahr. (Draft =0.16 in. and combustion rate- = 6.5 lb. per sq. ft. of grate.) 452 X 134 = 60,500 ' 228 X 168 = 38,400 128 X 243 = 31,000 ` 130,000 B.t.u. per hr. By merely increasing the draft and combustion rate, the register temperature has been raised from 141.2 deg. fahr. to 197.5 deg. fahr., and the heat-capacity has been increased from 58,500 to 130,000 B.t.u. per hr., or an increase of 122 per cent, but the free area through the furnace, and the leader pipe area have remained the same. Fig. 49. Charts Showing Effect of Height of Register Above Grate Upon Velocity of Air Flow and Heating Capacity It should, therefore, be apparent that the rating of any furnace in square inches of leader pipe area means nothing unless the air tempera ture at the registers is also definitely stated at the same time. The preceding discussion is in no sense an argument against rating on the free area basis, but rather an argument to show the manufacturer and the installer the vital, importance of fixing upon some standard register temperature, so that ratings in square inches of leader pipe area will be definite and can be made comparable and understandable by both the manufacturer and the engineer. The Advisory Committee on Furnace Research of the Nationdl Warm Air Heating arid Ventilating Association has recently approved a maximum, register temperature of 180 deg. fahr. for warm air furnace heating systems, ... Every manufacturer of warm air furnaces should give this matter his careful consideration for the fixing of the register temperature places a definite maximum' rating on each of his furnaces. 124 Chapter X OIL FUEL FOR INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC HEATING ' INDUSTRIAL OIL BURNING HE general use of coal in the United States and the decline of the use Tof wood as fuel began about 100 years ago, and like the inhabitants of the country was confined to the Atlantic seacoast. The bituminous coals first used were imported from England and afterward they came from Virginia mines and other fields as population spread. Anthracite coal was first sent down the Delaware River and afterward came by the ' canal routes that served during the early part of the century. From Philadelphia this coal' was at first distributed on the Atlantic Coast by means of sailing vessels and with the advent of the railroads, the bulk of this distribution was affected by rail transportation. One hundred years after these events, a new form of fuel, bids for a place in the world of combustion. This fuel is liquid in form, being petroleum in its constituent parts. There is claimed for liquid fuel, the advantages of space for.storage, simplicity in location of storage adjacent to boilers and means of transportation from the remote points of storage to boiler, reduction in labor and handling of fuel, the elimination of ash removal, ease of control of furnace temperatures, and the elimination of the expense of banked fires.' Each case, however, Where the liquid fuel is contemplated will have, of necessity, to stand on its merit. The heating engineer must figure out the operating cost both with coal and with oil, and the user will have to evaluate the extra convenience, after which a decision can be made as to what type of fuel should be used. Crude oil has either a paraffin or asphalt base, or a blending of the two. Fuel oil, is heavy, dark in color and has a greater viscosity, higher calorific value and higher flash point than the crude oil from which it is made. It results from the distillation of crude oil during which processes naptha, benzine, gasoline, kerosene and other . distillates are removed. The character of the. fuel oil varies in accordance with the extent to which the crude oil has been refined. . In the selection of burner equipment and in the determination of storage facilities, it is well to decide what grade of oil is to be used, its . Baume gravity, viscosity, flash point, and cold test, or temperature at which it will cease to be fluid. R=l"rdeNeJ0Yo?k.'TMS furnished "Pially for The Gu.de by Byron K. Eaton. Chicago, and A. H. 125 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 The following table gives data from standard authorities on various oils. The flash point varies considerably in the oils from different fields, hence the figures given are subject to variation: TABLE 79. DATA ON FUEL OILS Oil . Baume - Gravity Dsg. Fahr. Light Fuel Oil....... ............... Heavy Fuel Oil---.........-..... 42 38 36 32 24 18 Flash Point Dec. Fahr. 140 160 190 200 150-200 180-280 Pounds B.T.U. per Gallon per Gallon 6.80 6.96 7.03 7.21 7.58 7.89 135,524 137,402 138,421 140,811 145, 149,484 B.t.u. per Lb. 19.900 19,700 19,700 , 19,600 19,000 18.900 Note. While the use of an oil may .be contemplated, having a cold test sufficient to meet the lowest temperatures experienced, if there is any possibility of higher cold test oils being used, heating coils should be installed in the storage tank. .' A fuel oil burner installation comprises oil storage, and pumping equipment, an atomizing assembly and a correctly designed fire-box within the boiler for complete combustion and for proper diversion of the fire and gases. There are certain essential accessories, such as pipe lines, oil pre-heaters, regulating valves, meters, strainers, pressure gages, relief valves and the proper adaptation of them all to the particular needs of each specific case. . Adequate oil storage should be planned. Where trackage is available, carload deliveries should be provided for. Local ordinances and the requirements of the National Board of Fire Underwriters and the local' bureau haying jurisdiction should be studied and strictly adhered to, especially in the matter of locating and burying outdoor tanks and in the brick-housing and sand-fill usually required for large interior tanks that are not buried. Where the storage tank is buried outside the building, the oil suction, oil return and the steam flow and return lines should all be run in one large split tile, carefully cemented. The steam line should then drop into the oil storage tank, either spirally around the suction line, thence re turning back through the tile, to discharge into the heating system trap, or the coil can extend to and be laid along the bottom of the tank, with the return similarly returning to the steam system. Great care should be exercised in the construction of steam lines inside of oil tanks, so that there will be absolutely no possibility of a leakage from the oil into the steam coils when coils are under a vacuum or of the steam leaking into the oil. Every tank should be provided with a man-hole and with the following tappings: 4 in. fill 3 in. suction 154 in. return . 1}4 jn. vent . 134 in. steam flow 134 in* steam return '' 126 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 All these tappings should be in the top of the tank. The suction pipe should not extend closer than six inches to the bottom of the tank. These tappings can be varied in size to suit local ordinances or conditions. There are three general types of tanks--vertical steel, horizontal steel or concrete. Up to 10,000 gal. the horizontal steel tank is commonly used; the vertical steel tank is used for larger capacities; although the concrete tank is gaining very much in popularity, because of its durability, economical installation cost and the readiness with which concrete may be shaped to fit any space available for storage. Since the minimum car of oil is 8,000 gal., it is well not to plan any tankage of less than 10,000 gal. capacity, where carload deliveries are possible. Where oil companies maintain reserves of oil, smaller storage can be provided for than in districts where all the oil has to be brought in by car. In this case, there should be enough storage for a reasonable period. One ton of coal is equivalent to approximately 170 gal. of fuel oil. . Standard construction for underground horizontal steel tanks provides 3/16 in. steel for up to 4,000 gal., 34 in. from 4,000 to 10,500, 5/16 in. from 10,500 to 20,000 gal. Vertical above ground tanks should be built in accordance with the Underwriter's tables for diameter and height. While oil consumption can be fairly accurately checked by gaging the tank, the oil meter is the most logical method of quickly determining fuel costs and in estimating the relation between fuel consumption and work performed. It is not the purpose of this article to discuss the relative merits of various types of burners. The respective claims of burner manufacturers can be carefully weighed and a decision made as to which is- best adapted to the work in question. Mechanical simplicity and the assurance of correct principles of atomization should be of foremost consideration in judging burners. The decision as to the burner will govern the type of oil pump utilized to draw the oil from the storage tank and introduce it into the burners. The various burner campanies have provided what they consider the most suitable pumping devices for their equipment. One of the most important phases of oil burner installations, is the design of the combustion chamber of the boiler or furnace. While the consumption of coal is limited in a boiler, by the square feet of grate and 'the draft available where handfiring is utilized, with oil burning equip ment, the only limit to the oil consumption, is in the cubical contents of the combustion chamber or fire-pot. Practically any of the boilers that are in use today are adaptable to oil burning equipment but there should be a rearrangement of the combustion chamber. The grates may be removed, and the burner dropped below their level thus enlarging the combustion space. The introduction of secondary, heated air is quite important to best combustion results and it is, therefore, customary for brick walls to be built on either side of the fire-box of the boiler to support 234 X 234 X 24 in. tee-irons laid crosswise, upon which a checker hearth of firebrick is laid. The spaces in this hearth should vary, dependent upon the in dividual draft and conditions of the heating plant. Air is drawn in 127 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-26 through the ash door of the boiler, and its damper can be adjusted to suit conditions. The air is heated as it rises through the openings between the intensely heated fire-brick. The heated air then mingles with the straight-shot flame, projecting into the boiler, thus giving that additional air required for completion of combustion. A wide, long, high combustion chamber is ideal, within certain limits. It is only necessary to extend checker or protecting walls where there are water-drop legs projecting downward from the crown-sheet. All such water surfaces must be protected from any direct contact with the fire. It is well to brick up the sides of boilers, of fire-box or sectional type, to a point 8 or 9 in. higher than the center-line of the burners. Impingement walls should be so built as to properly deflect the gases of combustion. The brick used should be of the very highest heat-resisting type and each brick should be dipped in a thin batter of heat-resisting cement and water and laid up tightly to the next brick. This will give a very excellent wall which will require a minimum of attention. Oil burner manu facturers have plans for the bricking of the various types of boilers, which plans are usually submitted after the contract has been approved. There are a number of oil heaters on the market, which are meritorious. If low pressure steam boilers are being equipped with oil burners, ordinary coil waterheaters may be connected below the water-line of the boiler. Sufficient heater capacity should be installed to bring the temperature of the oil up to within 25. or 30 deg. of its flash-point. This pre-heating of the oil not only decreases the viscosity but takes a certain combustion burden from the fire in the boilers and also tends to carry in suspension basic deposits which might otherwise be left in the burners. In high . pressure work, coil heaters can be connected into the exhaust or live steam lines depending upon the type of heater selected. Naturally, the heavier the oil, the greater will be the tendency towards sediment deposit consequently strainers must be provided. Unless the oil is exceedingly heavy, a single strainer in the suction line just before it enters the pumping equipment, will be sufficient. This strainer can be so built as to be easily accessible for cleaning. In some instances, duplex strainers are used, in which case, the mere throwing of a lever, will change the flow of oil from one strainer to another, so that cleaning can be accom plished without interfering with the supply of oil. The question of the elevation of the pump is of some importance, as some communities prohibit the installation of oil pumping equipment at. a point lower than the top of the oil storage tank. As the result, it is frequently necessary to build platforms in the boiler-room on which to mount the pumping equipment, so that there will be no danger of siphon ing. If this is hot done anti-siphoning devices "should be used. While fuel oil burners are not automatic in character, yet a great many burner companies provide automatic regulators to maintain a fire be tween "high-low" limits, so as to maintain uniform pressures. The foregoing discussion refers continually to boilers, it must not be lost sight of that oil fuel is adaptable to scores of industrial purposes. Bake ovens, melting pots, annealing.furnaces, dryers and countless other heat demanding units are continually and adequately operated with this modern fuel. . 128 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 DOMESTIC OIL BURNERS The problem of applying oil fuel to residential heating is essentially different from that pertaining to industrial installations. While in an industrial installation the size of the plant usually warrants the necessary investment for installing auxiliary equipment for preheating and atomi zing the heavy fuel oils such investment is seldom warranted in the small plant required in a residence. Further, the hazard associated with pre heating and the complication incident with atomization is an added factor weighing against the use of heavy oils for this purpose. These facts results in the use of lighter or higher Baumfe gravity oils for domestic purposes. These oils- which include gas oil, distillate, and kerosene are . liquids of low viscosity even at zero temperature. The problem of oil storage is relatively simple, since all the fuel may be stored in tanks buried outside. One-thousand gallon tanks of 3/16 in. steel seem to be most popular although the two and three thousand gallon sizes are coming into considerable favor. In estimating the size of storage tank it is well to remember that 170 gal. of oil is approximately equivalent to 1 ton of coal. ' Inquiry should be made as to the available truck capacities before selecting tank sizes, as the tank should be" large enough to accommodate an entire truck-load of oil, while still containing a "working balance." Local ordinances should be strictly adhered to. Some cities require that a buried tank shall be at least 2 ft. beneath the surface of the ground and at least five feet from a building wall. Others provide that a line drawn at 45 degrees from the junction of the basement floor and the building wall, shall not touch the tank. . The tappings, 2J4 in. fill, 1 in. vent and 1 in. oil suction, should all be in the top of the tank. Manholes, oil return lines and steam coils are unnecessary in tanks for the kind of oil suitable for residential work. In the low-priced burners utilizing basement auxiliary tanks, such tanks should be at least 10 ft. from the neatest fire; they should be re plenished by hand pumps connected to the main oil tank buried outside. Where no outside storage is provided, these auxiliary tanks should be filled and vented outside, and should also be provided with a tightfitting, float gage, so that if the tanks are over-filled, there can be no spilling of oil in the basement. The thermostatic equipment should consist of a room thermostat, centrally located in a position, representative of the general home tem perature, remote from any source of.heat or cold, and a boiler control to prevent the temperature of the water or the steam pressure from exceed-. ing a predetermined point. . While oil burners are most successfully operating in hundreds of different makes and styles of boilers and furnaces yet in planning new heating systems the adaptability of boilers to oil burning should be given serious consideration. Generally speaking, boilers with a preponderance of indirect or flue surfaces, are best suited to oil burning, because an oil fire develops a considerably hotter flame than does coal. This means higher combustion gas temperatures, and naturally demands more heat absorbing, water-backed flue surfaces. 129 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Where round domestic boilers are contemplated, those with a maximum number of horizontal water sections above the fire-box are to be pre ferred. In selecting burner sizes the total load imposed upon the boiler and thence upon the burner should be carefully determined. This load should be determined in accordance with the method for determining the load on any boiler as outlined in preceding chapters. . The same allowance for hot water heaters should be made as for ordinary boiler practice and the same precaution should be followed in insulating the boiler and piping. Draft is a matter of importance, since the quantity of air introduced by the very essential motor driven burner fan, must have adequate oppor tunity to pass freely into the stack. The standard practice of assigning an individual flue to the heating boiler should be strictly adhered to. Oil burners with their frequent periods of idleness, and the consequent elimination of needless fuel consumption, do not always impart sufficient heat to ordinary water coils in the fire-pot of heating boilers. Where vapor or steam is used, any of the boiler water-heating units that connect into the boiler below the water-line, thus heating the storage tank, should be used. In hot water heating plants, larger coils are necessary. In studying the burner equipment itself, attention should be given to the stability of the burner manufacturer and that of his local distributor. The reputation of the burner in past performance is of equal importance. The simplicity and quality of the mechanical construction should be studied and the element of noise, must be given attention. A burner listed as standard by the Underwriters' Laboratories, may be considered as having been built-up standards. 130 Chapter XI GAS HEATING GAS heating appliances may be divided into two general classy, namely those which discharge their products of combustion indoors and those which discharge their products of combustion outdoors, as follows: 1. Products of Combustion Discharged Indoors n Snare Heaters /(1) Lun>inus Flame/(a) Radiant Type . pc ea |(2) Bunsen Flame \(4) Convection Type b. Gas Fired Steam Radiators. 2. Products of Combustion Discharged Outdoors (1) Fireplace Heaters /1((ja-j) RGaasdiLaongtsHeaters a. Localized-- (2) Vented (a) Gas Fired Steam Radiators ((c4)) GGaarsagFeireHdeaHteorts-Air Radiators '(d) Stoves f(l) Hot Air 4. Central Plants! (2) Radiation /(a) Radiators \(4) Furnaces f (a) Hot Water -j (5) Vapor [(c) Steam Unvented appliances are appropriate only in a limited way. The same is true of vented appliances for localized heating. Of central heating plants, the choice between the various systems is governed by the same considerations that affect the selection of coal burning apparatus. EFFICIENCY The gross heating value of a gas is usually referred to in codes of regu latory bodies; most gas men also refer to the gross value when designating the heating power of their fuel. It is the basis upon which gas fuel is sold. Yet, some manufacturers of appliances, in rating their product, have taken as a basis the lower net heating value. The distinction should be thoroughly understood when comparisons are made. For example for an hypothetical gas, having a gross heating value of 550 B.t.u. per cu. ft., and a net heating value of 500 B.t.u. per. cu. ft., and . MaterialTor this section was Prepared especially for The Guide by E. P. Bailey. Jr., Cleveland, and O. Eckenroth, San Francisco, Calif. Photos for this section were furnished through the courtesy of a., m. h. Kemchen, Cleveland, and the authors. 131 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. Guide, 1924-25 a gas steam boiler, giving an evaporation of 465 lb. of water (from and at 212 deg. fahr.) with a consumption of 1,000 cu. ft. of gas: . _ B.t.u. in steam _ lb. water X 970.4 CienCy B.t.u. in gas cu. ft. X B.t.u. per cu. ft. With gross value : = 82.04 per cent 550,000 With net value : = 90 25 Per cent , 500,000 Furthermore, it will be seen that the maximum efficiency possible, based upon the gross heat value of the above gas (without condensing the water vapor in the flue gas), would be--q, or 90.90 per cent. Efficiencies of 80 per cent based on the gross heat value of gas fuel, are obtainable in properly designed vented appliances. It should be remembered that the efficiency of a gas appliance in actual operation closely approaches that determined in laboratory tests. WASTE FROM USING GAS IN COAL BURNING APPARATUS In coal stoves or coal furnaces the path traveled by the flame is short and the radiating surface is relatively small. For this reason, the use of gas in such stoves is always wasteful and will require about three times as much gas for the same heating service as would be required if the gas were used in a properly built natural-gas furnace. Even with perfect combustion in the fire pot of a coal stove or coal furnace the waste will usually be about 75 per cent. Properly built natural-gas furnaces have a longer fire, travel and much more radiating surface than coal furnaces, and are, therefore much more efficient.1 . Hot air furnaces, designed for use either with manufactured or natural gas, are available in sizes ranging from 5,000 cu. ft. to 20,000 cu. ft. rated capacity. House heating boilers, of the cast-iron sectional type, designed especi ally for gas fuel, are available in single units ranging from 200 sq. ft. to 7,500 sq. ft. rated capacity (steam). Typical gas warm-air furnace and boiler are pictured in Figs. 50 and 51, respectively. RATINGS . Gas appliance manufacturers have followed the custom established by coal appliance manufacturers in rating their product in terms of cu. ft. (warm air) and sq. ft. of radiation (water and steam). Gas appliance ratings in these terms are generally emperical, however; they are selected `"Waste and Correct Use of Natural Gas in the Home"; Sec. 29. Technical Paper 257. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Mines; by Samuel S. Wyer. . 132 American Society of Heating and. Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 to conform in size with a coal appliance of equivalent power under ordi nary operating conditions. The capacity of a gas furnace or boiler is subject to much smaller fluctuations than a boiler employing solid fuel; the element of length of firing period does not enter into consideration; heating surfaces remain clean for longer period of time. Although most coal boilers are rated on an 8-hr. firing period (with anthracite coal and clean heating surfaces) for catalog purposes, the architect or heating engineer makes allowances for less favorable conditions when deciding upon appropriate equipment. Gas appliance manufacturers give to their product a rating comparable Fig. 50. View of Gas-Fired Warm Air Furnace to that of a coal boiler on the 8-hr. basis. In other words, where a 2,400 sq. ft. coal boiler would be chosen, a 2,400 sq. ft. gas boiler would gener ally be appropriate. It is a common practice for gas boiler manufacturers also to give their boilers a rating in terms of "Available B.t.u.1' (B.t.u. per hour available in the steam or water at the boiler outlets). A gas furnace or boiler will show essentially the same capacity or efficiency with any gas fuel, provided steps are taken to furnish proper burner equipment and air regulation for each type of fuel. Most manu factured gases, although of lower heating value than natural gases, if burned in sufficient volume, will produce equivalent results. The heat ing value of a mixture of gas and air (air just sufficient to completely burn the gas) is almost the same for any typical commercial eas, as is shown in Table 80. 133 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 80. VOLUME OF AIR REQUIRED FOR COMBUSTION OF DIFFERENT GASES* Gas B.t.u. per Cu. Ft. 1084 580 510 575 Thomson King, American Gas Journal. October 22, 1921. Cu. Ft. Air to Burn Cu. Ft. Gas 10.27 5.21 4.43 5.02 B.t.u. per Cu. Ft. of Mixture 96.2 93.4 93.9 95.5 The fact that "more air is burned" with one fuel than another does not necessarily affect the efficiency with those particular fuels; the air required varies almost directly as the B.t.u. content of the combustibles. FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR GAS HEATING It is a fact, based upon experience, that the user of a gas-fired central heating appliance uses more heat during the course of a year than he does when depending upon solid fuel. The pilot light of the gas-fired furnace or boiler is lighted on the first cool day of the season. Thereafter, the system generally operates entirely under thermostatic control; upon many days when very little heat is required to keep the inside tempera ture at 70 or 72 deg., and when it would be considered impracticable to start a coal fire, the gas-fired appliance will be working. Furthermore, the gas unit can operate at maximum capacity hour after hour, without attention; in the coldest weather, then, premises do not cool below the temperature ordinarily maintained. Table 81 gives an approximate idea of fuel requirements in various climates, and is based upon a heating season of seven calendar months: TABLE 81. FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS FOR DIFFERENT OUTSIDE TEMPERATURES Gas ok 500 B.t.u. (Gross) per Cu. Ft.* Cu. Ft. per Square Foot op Radiation Average Outside Temperature, October 1. to May 1 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Water.................. 850 775 700 625 550 475 400 Vapor............. 1080 985 890 795 700 605 510 Steam.................. 1380 1260 1140 1020 900 780 650 The figures are based on maintaining a temperature of 70 deg. fahr. over practically the entire house, for 15-hr. per day. . . (Requirements for gases of other heating values vary inversely as the heating value; e. g., for natural gas of 1000 B.t.u., consumption per square foot is one-half that shown in table.) The requirements of individual installations may vary considerably from an average of several. Generally, stores, offices, factories or other commercial premises require less heat per season than do residential buildings provided with an equal amount of radiation. This is borne out on investigation of some actual installations. . 134 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 CONDENSATION IN VENT PIPES An important point to care for in gas heating work is the ever-present condensation resulting from the combustion of gas. To those who have had experience with gas appliances, it is hardly necessary to mention the eating out or deteriorating of the vent pipe, the water dripping from every joint, the scale and the corrosion forming at the joints. Ordinary galvanized iron vent pipe last from six months to a year and a half at the best, but makes a messy unsatisfactory installation from the start as the water or condensation is apparent from the first day the appliance is put into service. In many cases the interior of this pipe is painted with acid resisting paint, and while this adds somewhat to the life of the pipe, it does not in any way tend to eliminate the condensa tion. This applies also to copper pipe. Planished iron pipe is also used, but is little better than painted galvanized iron pipe. In some cases the efficiency of the appliance has been dropped from 85 to 60 per cent, to allow for a greater heat or stack loss in an effort to vaporize and carry off the greater part of this condensation. This, how ever, is a very feeble effort to eliminate this evil--it being entirely at the expense of the consumer. The solution of the problem is: First, to have a minimum of con densation and, Second, to carry this off, thereby eliminating practically all of the condensation "on the job." This was accomplished recently 135 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 by lining ordinary galvanized-iron pipe with 1 in. of a patented, porous insulating material that will not disintegrate in water and withstands a temperature of 500 deg. fahr. or more. The result is that the interior of the pipe, being well insulated, reaches a maximum temperature in a comparatively short space of time, while the exterior is practically cold. This makes for a minimum amount of condensation. The small amount of condensation taking place during the first 5 or 10 min. that the appliance is lighted, is absorbed on the Fig. 52. Gas-Fired Hot Water Heating Unit in Pacific Coast Manufacturing - Plant surface of this insulating material, and then is evaporated and passed off in the form of water vapor as soon as the interior of the flue pipe has reached a temperature of 212 deg. In all cases a gas flue or chimney should be treated exactly the same as flues from oil, coal or wood burning appliances and should be carried to the roof of the building with a suitable top to make for a proper draught. Running a pipe to an outside wall and up 3 or 4 ft. does not make for a proper draught and in most cases causes a down draught. Therefore, this type of vent should never be used. 130 Chapter XII AUTOMATIC HEAT CONTROL AUTOMATIC heat control, despite a popular impression that it is a luxury, is one of the fundamental principles of life, and without its influence life on the earth would be impossible. The intelligent ap plication and control of heat in one way or another is a fundamental of civilization. It is almost impossible to conceive of any contact we have with any physical adjunct of civilization in which heat and the accurate control of heat has not had a major influence.. ' Temperature control is achieved by preventing over-heating. It develops from this that automatic heat control in itself must always effect an economy. . In order to be practicably useful, heating plants must be able to warm living spaces when extreme cold prevails outside. Extreme cold outside is rare, occurring perhaps during 5 per cent of the heating season.' Unless it is held in check', the big, powerful heating apparatus which must be provided against the 5 per cent time, will overheat the occupants and waste their stored and perhaps irreplaceable fuel during 95 per cent of the heating season. NEED OF HEAT REGULATION By far the greatest number of heated rooms in the world probably have single direct radiators, and the tendency is for these radiators to be hot all over, or cold all oyer. Variations of many degrees in tempera ture in 1 hr. are possible. With stoves or fireplace the intensity of the fire can be varied, as the cold-outside indicates, but the grate must be big enough to burn the maximum amount of fuel, and even a grate or a stove is difficult to control for one-half or one-quarter capacity. Ventilated rooms, especially when fans are used, may have very rapid air changes, and the temperature variation may be many degrees in even 1 min. Herein lies the great opportunity for automatic heat control, preventing the unbearable sudden changes which cause drafts; promoting comfort and so promoting happiness; saving, waste; conserving limited visible stored fuel. It has come to be universally admitted that mechanically ventilated buildings must have automatic heat control. Every residence needs automatic heat control because shutting off a radiator or a register, which a persecuted occupant may sometimes do (he generally opens a window) has little if any effect on the remote fire in the heater, and fuel used for overheating always is wasteful. . Material for this section was prepared; especially for The Guide by.S. R. Lewis. Chicago. IU., who is indebted to G. H. Blanding. 'John Hornung. F. W. Powers, of Chicago, and C. W. Sweatt, Minneapolis, for their hearty and helpful cooperation. 137 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 When buildings are heated from central stations, especially those using steam or vapor, automatic heat control is imperatively necessary, since heat must be available at all times in full power, and it is beyond human ability to manipulate manual controlling apparatus with sufficient nicety to prevent overheating. . When gas or oil are used as fuel, automatic control of combustion is necessary in order that the fuel costs may not be prohibitive. With quickly responsive fuels such as gas dr oil, automatic heat control ap plied to the burners is remarkably effective and its influence is especially noticeable. With coal as fuel and automatic control of combustion there is so much stored heat in the firebox that necessarily the volume of heat output lags behind the thermostatic influence of a change in dampers. Ashes, clinkers, etc., affect the intensity of the fire, but nevertheless the auto matic control is far superior in comfort and economy to manual control. Service hot water, no matter how it may be heated, constantly fluc tuates between a scalding temperature and an unsatisfactory lukewarm condition, unless controlled automatically. Temperature and humidity, or moisture content, are inseparably as sociated as factors of comfort and in nearly all industrial applications of heat. Automatic heat control becomes automatic humidity control as soon as the influence of evaporation can be applied. Thus a wet bulb thermometer indicates percentage of moisture, and a moistened ther mostat can be made automatically to regulate humidity. All systems of automatic heat control use thermostats- Thermo stats are almost infinite in their variety. Solids and gases change in volume when influenced by temperature. Electrical conductors change in resistance when influenced by tempera ture. Thus there is one type of thermostat which consists of an ex-' pansible hollow enclosure containing a small amount of volatile fluid having a boiling point below the range of temperature to be controlled. This fluid, vaporizing under the influence of the temperature to which the instrument is exposed, develops a pressure proportional to the tem perature change. There is another type of thermostat which has two pieces of metal of different characteristics so attached to each other that very slight tem perature changes will cause the assembly to bend in one way or the other, due to unequal expansion and contraction of the different metals. Another thermostat consists of a simple plate or tube of some organic composition having an especially high coefficient of expansion. In some cases the movement of the thermostat is transferred to a liquid in a tube, and as friction is slight under such conditions and as a liquid is nearly incompressible, valves or dampers may be operated. In other cases the thermostat controls the opening or closing of a small valve, which in turn controls a current of compressed air. This com pressed air, by means of pressure diaphragms, operates valves or dampers, controlling the heat. Since there is no particular limit to the number or size or remoteness of the valves and dampers when compressed air is used, this helpful intermediary is commonly employed on all very large installations. 138 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TWO DIVISIONS IN TEMPERATURE CONTROL There are two grand divisions in modern temperature control ap paratus. The simple class is one in which the thermostat and valve are self-contained, without outside power. These devices are generally adapted particularly to individual applications. They control service hot water, and do it perfectly, whether by valves on the heating pipes or by dampers on the heaters, or by valves on the oil or gas supply pipes. They . control all kinds of residence heating, usually by a thermostat on some representative room, with dampers on the heater or valves on the main supply from a central station. They control ovens, dryers, vats, etc., in industrial work. When coal-fired heaters are controlled, as for residences, it has been found exceedingly desirable that not only shall there be a thermostat in the heated space, but also that there shall be a thermostat in the heater or pipes, which, when the house is warm and has shut off, will still protect the combustion requirements by maintaining a limited temperature against the next demand. The first thermostat in the house is not far from human, but the combination of the two, you see, becomes almost superhuman. . Automatic control of automobile cooling is one of the recent interesting developments, and is of very great value. It is usually applied by vary ing the volume of the cooling air. The other and more elaborate class of temperature control apparatus uses some outside power. This is generally pneumatic, but may be electric or hydraulic, or may be by springs or weights. The thermostat controls the power, which, naturally, is practically unlimited. By the beneficient application of power, controlled by thermostats, many interesting things can be accomplished. For instance, by means of clocks, the temperature automatically is kept comparatively low at night and is raised for the day. In large buildings where many rooms are to be controlled, the cost for a central pneumatic system is much less than that for so many individual units of the self-contained type. A small auto matically governed air compressor is used, and the air piping is usually installed while the building is under construction. It is possible for large buildings, such as dormitories, having many similar rooms, to install an incomplete or partial system of automatic heat control, using for each general exposure or side of the building a single thermostat and cut-off valve. If consideration is given to this feature when designing the piping, the installation can be very simple and the results will be found decidedly worth while. It is notoriously true that such buildings without automatic control will be too cold on the shady side if the general heating is reduced enough to keep the win dows closed on the sunny side, and that open windows will follow the sun around if the general heating is accommodated to the shady side. Need we suggest that open windows and economy are not compatible? Hot water radiators are rather slow to respond to manipulation of the circulation valve, due to the considerable storage of heat in the water. It used to be a hobby to put certain bedroom hot-water radiators in recesses, with doors in front of them, so that bedrooms could be cooled quickly at night and warmed quickly in the morning. Such an arrange ment has many advantages, and will undoubtedly save fuel. Capitalizing 139 1924-25American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, this idea, there is now available a well-insulated radiator cover, carrying its own thermostat and shutters which will shut off the circulation of air and the radiation of heat without interfering with the circulation of the heating medium inside the radiator, and will control automatically the room temperature while also providing a more or less handsome radiator camouflage. There are highly specialized applications of automatic heat control, and in connection with the type which uses independent power there has developed a great field of manual remote control for distant valves and dampers, both pneumatically and electrically. There are also a number of instruments operating on different prin ciples, which will indicate continuously and accurately the temperature conditions at remote points. Co-ordination between the temperature requirement and the fuel consumption is not always possible without some human interposition, and thus it is found that accurate arrange ments for temperature indication are a necessary auxiliary to automatic heat control. . The occupants of a theater may be protected against overheating by one thermostat which controls dampers or valves so, that, when the room temperature reaches say 70 deg. cool air is introduced. If the theatre is crowded the temperature will pretty surely increase, even if large volumes of air are introduced, and the thermostat will call for cooler air. But if air of more than a few degrees, say 10 deg., cooler than the air in the room is introduced, no matter what that temperature may be, drafts will result. Therefore an additional thermostat may be placed in the air duct outside of the room, set to receive power only after the first thermostat has called for cool air, and preventing the entering air from becoming cooler than a point which can be tolerated by the occupants. In large theaters which have artificial cooling, trouble has been ex perienced when the seats; particularly in the balcony, having a steep incline, are only partly occupied. The cool air provided for the seats which are unfortunately empty, being heavier, runs like so much water down the incline, striking the people in the lower occupied areas from behind, and making them uncomfortable. It has been found possible by the judicious installation of a sufficient number of thermostats, to control the temperature of the entering air in zones so as to compensate to a great extent for this peculiarity. There is a large general office having tremendous floor areas distant from windows, and in which refrigeration has to be used for artificial cooling whenever the outside temperature is warmer than about 50 deg. There are a number of private offices having few occupants. The general open spaces, due to high intensity of occupation and many lights; require an entering air temperature so low in order to maintain comfort that the connecting and more or less open private offices get too cool. It happens that steam always is available, so that the thermostats in the private offices are permitted to turn on the steam as required, and the warmer the day, much to the surprise of the operators and to the comfort of the executives, the more steam there is in the private office radiators. This experience suggests that , when artificial cooling is provided via refrigerated water in an air washer, instead of drawing through in the 140 ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 conventional manner, the supply fan should blow through the washer, with a by-pass around it, giving two temperatures of air even in summer, from which mixing dampers controlled by thermostats in the various j rooms or departments may draw, as required to promote comfort in each. ; Many refractory and even amusing cases might be cited wherein the j thermostats have been located improperly. In hot water-storage tanks, ! for instance, thermostats have been condemned because they were in serted too close to the entering cold-water current, or were placed too i near the heating coils. The thermostats invariably reflect truly the con ditions which exist exactly where the thermostats are placed. , There are numerous cases, particularly in schools, where great build ings were regulated perhaps for years with much satisfaction, except for two rooms, one of which seemed always to be too hot, the other of which, "due to some bad or careless feature in the design," never re ceived enough heat. Eventually a true diagnostician discovered that the thermostat in Room A was connected to the damper in Room B, and the thermostat in Room B was connected to the damper in Room A. Such a thing may happen very easily. Of course when heating the build ing first both rooms would take warm air until perhaps A having sunshine and a large number of occupants, arrived at 68 deg. first. The ther mostat dutifully called for cool air and cool air came pouring into B. The thermostat in B, being thus cooled, continued to ask for warm air, delivering it in quantities to A, already overheated. To militate against maladjustments in the connecting of the terminals, one progressive manufacturer, using electric motive power, covers his various wires and leads with insulation of different distinctive colors (same idea as Ford uses for ignition wiring). An interesting combination where central station steam supply is used J is that of a pressure regulator with an electric cut-off valve, the thermostat acting to vary the pressure gradually or to shut it all off, as requirements I may indicate. Automatic control is applied successfully to prevent scalding from baths, and is particularly desirable in institutions for children and in institutions for mental afflictions, as the thermostats will cause the mixing of the warm water with the cold to deliver any desired combination. . TESTS INDICATE VALUE OF AUTOMATIC HEAT CONTROL There have been many tests to demonstrate the effect of automatic- . ' heat control. For instance, with an average outside temperature of 36 deg. it was found that with the usual sort of installation the thermostat : would keep the heat shut off 21 hr. out of a possible 24, and that with an average outside temperature of 16 deg. the heat was on the radiator only a trifle more than 5 hr. per day. , The savings in fuel to be gained by automatic heat control are enorm- . j ous. In many large institutions, such as universities, having central | stations, high-grade supervision, meters, etc., the savings have been | proved to equal one-half of the uncontrolled consumption. 141 v American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 . In one metered city club a saving of 27 per cent was made by installing automatic-heat control. This is after the two seasons were equalized for outside temperature. .. Of two similar office buildings, one having automatic heat 'control, the other without it, both metered, during four years the automatic con trolled building used an average of 556 lb. of steam per sq. ft. of radiation, while the other used 894 lb. of steam per sq. ft. of radiation, around 38 per cent to be credited to the control. Chapter XIII . INSULATION HEAT LOSS FROM UNINSULATED SURFACES THE determination as to whether pipes and other heated surfaces should be insulated is made after a consideration of the heat loss from such surfaces if they are allowed to remain bare. The heat losses from bare pipes are given in Table 82, together with the number of pounds of coal required to produce these quantities of heat, and the cost of the same. f Example.--Three hundred.feet of bare 3-in. pipe containing steam at 10-lb. gage, and located in a room where the air is at 70 deg. fahr., will radiate 2.46 X (239.4 -- 70) X 300 = 125,020 B.t.u. per hr. The corresponding expenditure of coal is 3 X 3,292 = 9,876 lb. per month if steam is kept in the pipe continuously, and the value of the coal at S12 per ton is 38.24 X 3 X -- = 374.16 per month. 4 Fig. 53. Heat Transmission in B.t.u. Per Hour Per Square Foot of Covered Pipe (1 In. Covering) The heat loss from uninsulated flat surfaces or surfaces of large radius, such as boilers, feed-water heaters, heating and ventilating ducts and flues, hot-water tanks, etc., is given in Table 83 irf B.t.u. per square foot 142 Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide by L. L. Barrett and L. B. McMillan. New York. . '' 143 r 275 L b . a n d 250 D bg. Fahr. Superheat. 664.3 deg. fahr. From 100 Lineal F t. of Pipe per M onth of 30 Days w ith Steam in Pipes 24 H r. per Day. . Coal at *4.00 per Ton of 2000 Lb. T A B L E 82-- LOSSES FROM H O R IZ O N T A L BARE-IRO N STEAM PIPES* . ' -jq jad *jjtp jqej -Sap jad |uautj jad -n-va <000 0 0 tC--0oiM0`O9C0r0^.-c*D00ooOoC0N40c40oCrw3^*'r0r0prt--clOoOinlOinCOo -^CJ09S*3V>C*OCDr~OOC5CNCOiraOOC9NlO 6460 12.220 13,720 16,800 20,200 24.300 27,600 30,020 34,240 37.800 45.000 51,550 58.500 65.050 72.000 85.500 03.300 106,000 110,000 b6 . )H 2s 3 Q 0. 21 D <Ui J #a gu<. D O a s 387.9 deg. fahr. i 487.0 deg. fahr. jeoD spunoj ssoq SXEJJOQ jq jad -yip jqaj -Sap jad jj |eaun 'n`ra [too spunoj ssoq sj-ejjOQ jq jad -jbip jqej -8ap jad jj leauq jad n-vg (eoj spunoj SSCTJ SJEJjOQ Jq Jad jqaj *8ap jad 'Ij leauji jad nig |B03 spunoj ssoq ejejjOQ jq jad 'flip jqaj -Sap jad jj juaut| *nvg OinOOOHOCQOOOOOOOOOO <-'tOrtc>naevmioe4io*Q 0*<C'IOCOa9e4NPClC>CICOCO.Or- hhhhhNNMN OOOOOOiCQOQiQOO -- ioococicO'vo o>bo(ianconaic900'-iMC49M MMON<4n^u}iotsooo)0>n<Doo 2 o e 3 3440 5026 7175 8825 10,650 12,640 14,360 16,040 17,620 19.740 23.000 26.500 20,900 33,400 30.000 143.700 47.740 54.000 60.500 QO^O^QOOmiOOiOiQOOOOOO nesNeio-^iAo^oKes^nNCboiu}^ MiMcionco^'wtooNcnoO'^mo 34,200 14.38 93.75 37,500 14.87 74.10 29.650 11.76 84.25 133.700 13.35 124,700 10.40 70.00 128.010 11.14 20,910 8.805 57.75 23,100 0.150 18.000 7.950 51 08 20,790 8.230 16.040 7.125 46.05 118.420 7.300 15.040 6.324 41.60 16.650 6.560 13,120 5.522 36.00 14.420 5.715 11,050 4.650 30.40 12,140 4.805 10,120 4.250 27.75 H-,100 4.400 9145 3.842 25.15 10,060 3.981 8200 3.450 22.60, 0040 3.580 7210 3.030 10.84 7045 3.150 6100 2.564: 16.70 6600 2.650 5100 2.145 14.00 5000 2.220 4165 1.751 11.36j 4550 1.804 2010 1.242 8.07, 3230 1.280 2010 0.846 5.53 2210 0.875 ciD4CSN^*><Orti0e430Q<niOaoOeoQOo6ONrN.c*OcoOr-O>oO^SOS <at'>c4cQOC4*Qt*.C4re4rd*-<t'>io rtw>MNMNnnnio(BeK(n 27,000 11.36 30,410 12.80 ab s-- ?3' to u-o .Si* 35U . i3 1! 4.51 1805 0.815 6.25 2601 1.178 0.28 3710 1.676 11.37 4540 2.052 13.66 5460! 2.464 16.14 6450 2.010 18.31 7322 3.305 25.50 8200 3.700 22.60 0025 4.075 24.62 0850 4.450 29.30 11,720 5.205 33.70 13,480 6.000 37.65 15,050 6.840 42.10 16,840 7.600 46.70 18,690 8.440 55.40 |22,120 ilO.OO 60.50 24.200 110.92 68.40 127,320 <12.34 76.50 30.570 13.80 . 324.0 deg. fahr. | 350.0 deg. fahr. | 370.7 deg. fahr. 120 L b. 1^0^ spunog sso-j fijeijOQ ` o-S og jq jad -yip 'jqe; -Sap jad lj leauq *n'vg a *4 IR03 epunod o 00 ' sscrj sjbijoq jq jad -jyip . jqej *8ap jad A ij leauq jad -n*vg CD J w*i o 10 |eo3 spunod C9 et ssoq SJT2JJOQ jq jad -flip jqaj *8ap jad (aun Jad *n*yg 897 0.670 1305 0.973 1818 1.357 2142 1.600 2660 1.984 3202 2.460 3554 2.655 3950 2.950 4370 3.260 4790 3.575 5680 4.240 6470 4.826 7300 5.450 8130 6.070 8820 6.584 ,10.580 , 7.890 11,560 8.620 13,120 1 0.700 14,460 10.80 1566 2200 3100 3010 4660 6550 6325 7075 7790 8500 10,110 11.640 13,030 14.500 16.100 18,950 20,800 23.500 26,150 ClOOenOQiApoOMVMiDOOiD NnoO'VClfO-VNNnDlCOiOMMMVOO r*'*p?i'-**ooo*t*-^<c*'C5f 0^wH^e>4C4COCDraviQ0taO0*-<CO C 4r*doro* oo00o00 ro- o**ocoi eno --oooe<* eo*o*eoer*o o^ rtMMMMNNNnn<riQtoo Tj|,*rcoo^,C9t--w,r-~--.coOkO*OTrooo C^MlOrtCNOOS>CN--.(NCJO-^SoO-w e4CQvaoaoc90*-*''coQC4aoc4 -- ---h ON Cl C* W C5 OhQ-COJO(5H>tO'OOOOOOOCQNOOQFiDCaNoiOOOiodi0O9iCONOOl5 coiNTrr- --cocDCKNt'.coococj oo-w- -- cicici(NrterjRroOiorwcocs 526 763 1060 1297 1545 1824 2070 2305 2540 2780 3280 3760 4308 4650 5065 ,6000 6635 17525 8400 180 deg. fahr. jbo3 epunod . sso'j ejeqo<3 eu 2a f- Pipe Size C4>*<'COCO>QQOC4COOe'40. cca>oJcoo-<^fQcjRf>coo oN^CIC0C4^U000oNwc*C0on -H -N - OH --1 Cl X; X, k X; X; ; ; ; : ;;* monC9C4COCO^<^,C>cOOC'I^'QO u American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 ; per hour per degree fahr. temperature difference. Pounds of coal used ! are given per 100 sq. ft. per month assuming continuous use of the ' apparatus, 70 per cent boiler efficiency, and 13,000 B.t.u. per lb. The ] "dollars" column represents the money value of the coal used per 100 1 sq. ft. per month assuming coal at S4.00 per ton and boiler room expense 9 at SI.00 per ton. . . TABLE 83. HEAT LOSS FROM UNINSULATED SURFACES Tempera ture Deg. Fahr. Heat Loss* B.t.u. Month Lbs. Coal Dollars PER 100 per 100 Sq. Ft. per Sq. Ft. per Month Month " ' 80 " a . ................................................................... 120 * * .............1.............. " 160 " " ........................................ " 200 " " ........ ............................................ * 200 tf u and 100 deg. fahr. superheat 120 180 239 324. 350 371 388 488 1.95 2.04 2.29 2.76 2.92 3.05 3.15 3.88 770 1780 3065 5545 6480 7250 7950 12,830 1.92 4.45 7.65 13.86 16.22 18.13 19.87 32.05 B.t.u. per sq. ft. per deg. fahr. difference per hour. 1 CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATING MATERIALS The conductivities in B.t.u. per square feet per hour per inch thick per degree fahr. temperature difference of the various insulating materials are given in Table 84. It should be emphasized that in this table all variables due to differences in thickness, different pipe sizes, and different air conditions, are eliminated. TABLE 84. CONDUCTIVITIES OF VARIOUS INSULATING MATERIALS Den sity Lb. per Cu. Ft. Con duc tivity Temp. Diff-. which Conductivity was Determined Authority Year Asbestos Sponge Felted 23.80 Wool Felt..................... 16.24 85% Magnesia. ....... 17.20 21.70 Nonpareil H. P.......... . 17.43 Plastic. 85% Magnesia Asbestocel-------------- ---- 12.16 Expanded Asbestos.___ 22.49 Indented ................. 21.24 Molded Asbestos. .... 29.86 Air Cell........................... 11.70 Vitribestos..................... 29.73 Asbestos Fire Felt__ . 26.59 Corkboard...................... 9.90 Hair Felt........ ................ 17.00 0.468 0.521 0.54 0.54 0.543 0.587. 0.596 0.598 0.686 0.778 0.802 1.087 1.093 0.304 0.246 300 deg. fahr.- Vol. 37. Trans. A. S. M. E., p. 068 300 * " " 300 " Vol. 40, Trans. A. S. M. E.. p. 667 300 300 Vol. 37. Trans. A. S. M. E-. p. 968 300 " * 300 * * " 300 * " 300 * * " 300 * 3(X) " uj 300 * * 300 * * 36 * * Vol. 26. A. S. H. & V. E. Journal, p. 625 36 1015 1915 1918 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1920 1920 HEAT LOSS FROM INSULATED SURFACES Fig. 53 gives the heat Joss per square foot of pipe per hour of piping where the pipe is covered with 1 in. thick covering. Inasmuch as the . 145 ' H ot W ater Gage Press. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 heat loss per square foot of insulated pipe is somewhat dependent upon the pipe size it cannot be said that the data given by this figure is exact for all pipe sizes, but it is known that it is sufficiently so for all practical purposes in the heating and ventilating field. These curves are exact for 3-in. pipe. Similar curves for flat surfaces and surfaces of large radius, such as boilers, tanks, heaters, and ducts, are given in Fig. 54. When coverings are used other than those for which curves are given reference should be made to Table 84 which gives the conductivities of the various materials. That curve should.then be used which represents the covering the conductivity of which is the nearest to the conductivity of the covering to be used. If greater accuracy is desired, interpolation may be resorted to. Example.--What is the heat loss through a pipe covering of conductivity 0.9 at 200 deg. temperature difference? The conductivity of air cell is 0.802, and that of vitrified air cell is 1.087. The heat loss through air cell is 132 B.t.u., that through vitrified air cell'is 105 B.t.u., so the heat loss through the covering under consideration is given by .. . X--132 ^ 0.9-0.802 165-132 1.087 -0.802 or X = 143 B.t.u. per sq. ft. of pipe per hr. While 1-in. thick covering is economically sufficient for most purposes in connection with heating and ventilating piping, greater thicknesses should be used on all boilers, piping, tanks, etc., where high pressure steam is used. Table 85 shows the thickness of covering required for maximum net saving with coal at $4 per ton. TABLE 85. THICKNESS OF COVERING FOR MAXIMUM NET SAVING WITH COAL AT *4 PER TON Pipe Size In. Ye \x 3 6 12 Flat Hot Water. In. i i i i i , 1J4 5 Lb. IN. 1 1 1 m H4 2 100-200 Lb. In. h* 2 2 2)4 3 200 Lb. and 150 Deg. Fahr. Superheat IN. ' 2 2 2 3 3J4 4 When coverings thicker than 1 in. are used the losses vary consider ably for the different thicknesses and reference must be made to the hand books of the various manufacturers as lengthy tables are required for each thickness and kind of covering. RADIATING SURFACE OF PIPES In order to use the curves in Fig. 53 it is necessary to know the number of square feet of radiating surface in 1 linear ft. of pipe. Table 86 gives this data for the various standard pipe sizes. 146 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 86. RADIATING SURFACE IN 1 LINEAR FOOT OF PIPE Pipe Size In. 'A % 1 Hi H4 Surface Sq. Ft. 0.22 0.274 0.344 0.435 0.498 Pipe Size In. 2 2H 3 3A 4 SURPACE Sq. Ft. 0.622 0.751 0.917 1.047 1.178 Pipe Size In. 5 6 8 10 12 Surface Sq. Ft. . 1.455 1.733 2.257 2.817 3.33 THICKNESS OF MAGNESIA COVERINGS Magnesia coverings are not made exactly 1 in. thick, but their thickness varies with the size pipe for which they are intended. This is done for the reason that it has been demonstrated that the larger the pipe the more economical it is in the long run to use a thicker covering. The thickness for different pipe sizes are given in Table 87. Fig. 54. Heat Transmission in B.t.u. Per Hour Per Square Foot of Flat Insulated Surface. (1 In. Covering) Coverings made in thicknesses as shown in Table 87 are known as Standard Thick coverings. Since these thicknesses do not vary greatly from 1 in., the curves of heat loss for 1-in. thick coverings in Fig. 53 can be used in the case of standard thick coverings without error or practical TABLE 87/ THICKNESS OF MAGNESIA COVERINGS FOR VARIOUS PIPE SIZES Pipe Size. In. to 1J4 incl. 2 to 3H " 4 to 6 " 7 to 10 " 12 " Thickness In. Vs IX m 147 American Society of Heating <iik2 Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 importance for heating and ventilating .purposes. If great exactness is required it should be remembered that any increase in thickness over 1 in. will reduce the heat loss from that shown by the curves. HEATING CONDUITS . When steam pipes are run between buildings they should be placed in some form of conduit and suitable insulation provided. The pipes must be supported so as to provide for expansion and contraction. Ex pansion of the piping must be carefully controlled by means of anchors and expansion joints or bends so that the pipes can never come in contact with the conduit. The anchors used are usually U-shaped steef straps which partially encircle the pipes and are firmly bolted to a short length of structural steel set in concrete. ' NINE IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT INSTALLATION In laying out conduits of this type the following points should be borne in mind: 1. The conduit should be laid out in straight runs. 2. Manholes should be "provided at each' expansion joint. 3. Branches should be taken off at or near an anchor. 4. An anchor should be placed wherever the line changes direction.. 5. An expansion joint or bend, must be placed between each two anchors. 6. If the distance between buildings is less than 150 ft. and the steam line contains high pressure steam, it may be anchored, in the basement of one building and allowed to expand into the basement of the second building. If the steam line contains low pressure steam (up to.4-lb. pressure),, this method may be used if buildings.are less.than 250_ft. apart. . .. ` ............... .' 7. If the distance between buildings is less than 300 ft. and the steam line contains high-pressure steam, the lines should be anchored midway between the buildings and allowed to expand into the base ments of both buildings. If the steam line contains low -pressure steam this method may be used if buildings are less than 500 ft. apart. No manhole is required at the anchor, and a blind pit is all that is necessary. 8. For longer lines manholes must be located according to judgment and depending upon the expansion value of the type of expansion joint or'bend that is used. The minimum.number of manholes will be required when an expansion bend or an anchor with double expansion 148 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 joint is placed in each manhole, and the pipes are anchored midway between manholes. 9. Stabilizers to maintain alignment of pipes should be placed on each side of each expansion bend. ' ......... STYLES AND CONSTRUCTION OF CONDUITS COMMONLY USED Filler Type.--The pipes are supported on rollers placed in a steel frame, and' the lower part of this frame is set in concrete, thus supporting the pipes independent of the conduit. The pipes are protected by a split tile conduit and the entire space between the pipes and the tile is filled with an insulation filler. The conduit is placed on a bed of gravel or crushed rock from 4 to 6 in. thick, which is extended upward so as to come about 2 in. above the parting lines of the tile. A tile underdrain is placed beneath the conduit throughout the entire length and is connected to existing sewers led to some other point of free discharge. Insulated Tile Type.--The insulating material, which is diatomaceous earth, is molded to the inside of a split tile conduit. The pipes are sup ported on rollers placed in a steel frame. The space between the pipes and the insulating conduit lining may also be filled with an insulating filler. The conduit is placed on a tile base which also acts as an under drain. A few inches of gravel or crushed rock are placed about the con duit and the tile base. Sectional-Insulation Type (Tile Conduit).--Each pipe is insulated in the usual way with any desired type of sectional pipe insulation over which is plaged a jacket of standard asphalt waterproof roofing with cemented joints. The pipes are enclosed in a split tile conduit which is placed on a bed of crushed rock or gravel from 4 to 6 in. thick. This gravel bed is extended upward so as to come about 2 in. above the parting lines of the tne. No underdrain is used with this conduit as any water seeping into the interior will flow down the bottom of the conduit to the nearest man hole.' Dra.ins are laid from the floor of each manhole to some point of free discharge. The pipes are supported on roller frames and these, ac cording to the type of conduit used, are either supported by the conduit itself or have their lower parts set in concrete thus supporting the pipes independent of the conduit. Sectional Insuldtion Type (Bituminized Fibre Conduit).--Each pipe is individually insulated and encased in a bituminized fibre conduit. The insulating material is 85 per cent carbonate of magnesia sectional pipe covering, applied in the usual manner as on overhead pipes, except that bands are omitted. After every fifth section of magnesia covering there is applied a short, hollow section of very hard asbestos material in the bottom portion of which rests a grooved-iron plate carrying ball-bearings upon which the pipe rides when expanding or contracting. This short expansion section is of the same outside diameter as the adjacent 85 per cent magnesia covering. Over the pipe covering and expansion device there are placed two layers of bituminized fibre conduit with all joints staggered and the surface of each conduit finished with liquid 149 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 cement. Conduits are placed on a bed of crushed rock or gravel, approxi mately 6 in. deep, and this is extended upward to about the center line of the conduit when trench is backfilled. Underdrains leading to points of free discharge are placed in the gravel or crushed rock beds. Wooden Conduit.--Each pipe is enclosed in a tin-lined wooden casing. Sufficient space is allowed between the pipe and the casing to provide for the insertion of pipe guides or rollers which rest on the bottom of the casing. The casings are bedded in gravel or broken stone and one or more tile underdrains are laid beneath them. 150 Chapter XIV PIPE IN the present era of large-scale developments accompanied by intensive application of engineering principles in many of the basic industries, it has become increasingly important to give more study to the charac teristics and properties of the materials entering into the structure and maintenance of their various contributing units. This is particularly true of pipe lines which often bear an important relation to efficient and economical operation. STEEL PIPE During the past 20 years in particular there has been a remarkable development in the wrought tubular industry, including the tonnage used, the capacity of mills, diversity of pipe service, and improvements in the material itself. The factors which control the characteristics and properties, and thus produce the wonderful improvement in various tubular materials, are the facilities of the manufacturer; the special processes supplementing the fundamental ones; the availability and quality of raw materials; the ideals and skill of the men in the organization--their capacity for genuine accomplishment. Among the many evidences of this trend are: the improvements effected in the quality of the material, production of cer tain sizes of pipe up to 40 ft. lengths, diameters up to 96 in., a complete line of tubular products, full standard weight pipe, and marking with the #fame, are representative of the progressive attitude taken in the manu facture of wrought pipe. The increasing demands of the oil industry, which consumes nearly one-half of the pipe made, has been a stimulating factor in respect to improved quality. ' Among the improvements none have received greater attention than the efforts to produce a uniform quality of steel. To secure and maintain uniformity, necessitates complete control of all materials and manu facturing operations--from ore to finished product. This practice of producing uniform pipe and steel and its fabrication into finished tubular, products is supplemented by a mechanical process of roll-knobbling, to make the metal more uniformly dense when there is any tendency to physical irregularity in this respect. Another condition which gives rise to electrolytic centers and pitting is the presence of irregular areas of heavy welding-scale on the surface of the finished product, caused by oxidation at the high temperature of Material tor this section was prepared especially for The Guide, the part on Steel Pipe being con tributed by F. N. Speller, Pittsburgh, that on Wrought Iron Pipe being the work of N. Bowland. Pittsburgh, and that on Copper and Brass Pipe being compiled by J. F. Gowen, W. A. Willis, W- G. Schneider, and H.H. R. Spofford, of the Copper and Brass Research Association, New York. . 151 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 welding. This scale is strongly electro-negative to iron, like copper, and should therefore be removed. For a number of years efforts have been directed to accomplish this object and a scale removing process has finally been worked out, which is in effect a further application of the process of laterally working the steel above mentioned, but in this process the work is applied to the hot pipe in the finishing operations at a temperature below the welding heat. When the skelp has reached the proper tempera ture for welding, it is drawn through the customary type of welding bell forming an unfinished pipe of larger size than is usual. The pipe is then held on a cooling table until the temperature is reduced to about 1800 deg. fahr. ft then passes through a series of rolls where it is reduced in size and elongated. These rolls reduce the pipe to its correct finished size. The reduction in the size of the pipe which it receives in passing through the series of rolls cracks the hardened welding-scale from both the interior and exterior surfaces of the pipe,, leaving them clean and smooth. After a pass through a set of cross rolls, to take care of any straightening that may remain to be done and to give the exterior a smooth, clean finish, the pipe is taken to a tank of water where it is dipped, lifted to a slanting position and the water allowed to rush out, carrying with it the loose scale from the pipe. Certain sizes have the loose scale blown out by a blast of compressed air instead of being dipped in the water. The advantages of scale-free pipe are, its clean, smooth surfaces present and ideal base for the adherence of a galvanizing coating--full working capacity is assured^ the interior being free from any obstructions tending to reduce the flow. This is important in. heating and other piping work. Troubles caused by the deposit of scale in valves and strainers, and other apparatus, are practically eliminated, while pitting by corrosion is materially reduced. These improvements narurally give rise to the thought that a longer life might reasonably be expected from the pipe under certain conditions, and while this has been the object of most of the research, experiments and perfection of processes, considerable improvement has been attained in this respect, the fact still remains that the life of pipe is governed largely by installation conditions, and no matter how well made or uniform the pipe may be, the life of pipe, particularly under severe cor rosion conditions; such as, hot water supply lines, boiler feed and return lines, is limited, and some protective measures are necessary to secure a longer life. For some years past considerable research and experimental work has been carried on to determine the causes of failure in pipe lines, and to ameliorate the effects of corrosion; to investigate unusual conditions of service, and to determine a practical means of corrosion prevention. The electrolytic theory of corrosion as formulated in 1903 by Dr. Whitney has led to the development of certain protective systems which are based on the removal of dissolved oxygen from water. Careful ex periments in various research laboratories have demonstrated that the amount of corrosion found is almost directly proportional to the amount of oxygen in solution, and varies directly as the temperature. The 152 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 predominating influence of free oxygen in water was suspected before this, as a result of the early study of pipe corrosion, for the most striking fact in practical pipe experience is that hot-water-heating systems in variably showed no corrosion to speak of after 35 or 40 years' use; where as, frequently, hot-water-supply systems operating at the same average temperature with the same water lasted less, than half this time. That this was independent of whether the material was iron or steel was fully demonstrated by many service tests which were conducted for a period of more than ten years, in which representative pipes of each class were installed alternately in hot-water lines. . TABLE 88. STANDARD PIPE--BLACK AND, GALVANIZED* All Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Threads and co u p lin g s T hreads PER INCH Diameter , Length I Weight | Internal Size Diameters 1 V m T h ic k n e s s Weight per Foot 8 c e 'a Couplings Test Pres sure in Pounds i S H iS 3H 6 9 11 15 O. D. 20 0. D. 0.675 ^.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2,875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.563 6.625 7.625 8.625 8,625 9.625 10.750 10.750 10.750 11.750 12.750 12.750 14.000 15.000 16,000 17.000 18.000 20.000 0.269 0.364 0.493 0.622 0.068 >.088 J.091 0.109 0.824 1.049 1.380 1.610 0.113 3.133 0.140 0.145 2.067 2.469 3.068 3.548 0.154 0.203 0.216 0.226 4.026 4.506 5.047 6.065 0.237 0.247 0.258 0.280 7.023 8.071 7.981 8.941 0.301 0.277 0.322 0.342 10.192 10.130 10.020 11.000 0.279 0.307 0.365 0.375 12.090 12.000 13.250 14.250 0.330 0.375 0.375 0.375 15.250 16.214 17.182 19 182 0.375 0.393 0.409 0.409 0.244 0.424 0.567 0.850 0.245 0.425 0.568 0.852 27 18 18 14 1.130 1.678 2.272 2.717 1.134 1.684 2.281 2.731 14 i}H uH 3.662 5.793 7.575 9.109 3.678 5.819 7.616 9.202 UM 8 8 8 10.790 12.538 14.617 18.974 10.889 12.642 14.810 19.185 8 8 8 8 23.544 24.696 28.554 33.907 23.769 25.000 28.809 34.188 8 8 8. 8 31.201 34.240 40.483 45.557 32.000 3S.000 41.132 46.247 8 8 8 8 43.773 49.562 54.568 58.573 45.000 50.700 55.824 60.375 8 8 8 8 62.579 69.704 76.840 85.577 64.500 72.602 80.482 89.617 8 8 8 0.562 0.6851 0.848 1.024 1 m 1H 1.281 1-.570 1.950 2.218 1M i?i 2Vfi 2H 2.760 3.276 3.948 4.591 2X 2% 3V4 m 5.091 5 591 6.296 7.358 3*1 4H 4H 8.358 9.358 9;358 10.358 4H 4H 4H 5H 11.721 11.721 11.721 12.721 0H 6V? 6H 13.958 13.958 15.208 18.446 6H 6H fin 17.440 18.683 19.921 21.921 n 7n 7V? m 0.029 0.043 0.070 0.116 700 700 700 700 0.209 0.343 0.535 0*743 700 700 700 700 1.208 1,720 2.498 4.241 700 800 800 4.741 5.241 8.091 9.554 10.932 13.905 13.905 17.236 29.877 29.877 29.877 32.550 43.098 43.098 47452 59.493 63.294 90.941 108.672 120487 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 800 1000 900 600 800 600 800 600 800 700 700 600 600 600 500 The permissible variation in weight is 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below. _ Furnished with threads and couplings and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered, . - Taper of threads is &-in. diameter per foot length for all sizes. " ' The weight per foot of pipe with threads and couplings is based on a length of 20 ft., including the coupling, but shipping lengths of small sizes will usually,average less than 20 ft. ' ....................... ........All ^mmoinna crivon in inrhpS. . From National Tube Co.'s "Book of Standards." 153 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 All reliable data on this subject indicate that the composition of the iron--i.e., the varying amount of carbon, phosphorous, manganese, sul phur, silicon, oxides, slag and copper usually found in wrought iron and soft steel--makes very little difference in the amount or character of corrosion under water, although under atmospheric exposure the influence of composition is sometimes quite marked. In practice, oxygen removal has been accomplished in two ways, namely; by de-aerating the water mechanically; and by fixing the free oxygen by chemical combination. Suitable apparatus is now being manufactured for this purpose. Size TABLE 89. EXTRA STRONG PIPE--BLACK AND GALVANIZED* AU Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Diameters External Internal Thickness Weight per Foot Plain Ends Test Pressure in Pounds Butt . Lap ` Vs 34 Vs /4 u 1 134 1J4 2 234 3 334 4 434 5 6 7 8 9 .10 11 12 14 O. D. 15 O. D. 16 O. D. 0.405 0.540 0.675 0.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.563 6.625 7.625 8.625 9.625 10.750 11.750 12.750 14.000 15.000 16.000 0.215 0.302 0.423 0.546 0.742 0.957 1.278 1.500 1.939 2.323 2.900 3.364 3.826 4.290 4.813 5.761 6.625 7.625 8.625 9.750 10.750 11.750 13.000 14.000 15.000 0.095 0.119 0.126 0.147 0.154 0.179 0.191 0.200 0.218 0.276 0.300 0.318 0.337 0.355 0.375 0.432 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.314 0.535 ,0.738 1.087 1.473 2.171 2.996 3.631 5.022 7.661 10.252 12.505 14.983 17.611 20.778 28.573 38.048 43.388 48.728. 54.735 60.075 65.415 72.091 77.431 82.771 700 700 700 700 700 700 1500 . 1500 1500 1500 1500 .............. 2500 2500 2500 2000 2000 2000 2000 1800 1800 1800 1500 1500 1500 1200 1100 1100 1000 1000 1000 The permissible variation in weights is 5 per cent above and 5 per cent below. Furnished with plain ends and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered. All weights given in pounds. All dimensions given in inches. In addition to the above test, on sizes }-in to 1-in. inclusive, the pipe is jarred with a hammer while under pressure. From National Tube Co.'s "Book of.Standards." 154 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 WROUGHT IRON PIPE Wrought iron pipe is generally designated by the word genuine when the product referred to is that produced by the puddling process and its cost is from 30 to 60 per cent higher than steel pipe, depending upon its size. In the average heating, plumbing or power piping system the cost of pipe is about 10 to 20 per cent of the installation cost, with the remain- TABLE 90. GENUINE WROUGHT IRON PIPE--BLACK OR GALVANIZED * AU Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Outside diam., , Inside diam.. in. Std. wt: plain ' ends. lbs. per ft. Outside diam.. Couplings Length. ' Weight, lbs. Buttweld and Lapweld Lapweld X X X X 1 ix IX 2 2X 3X *X ..6 7 9 10 10 10 12 12 Standard 0.540 0.675 0.840 1.050 1.315 i:660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.563 6.625 7.625 8.625 8.625 9.625 10.750 10.750 10.750 11.750 12.750 12.750 0.367 0,489 0.617 0.819 1.043 1.369 1.604 2.060 2.460 3.059 3.538 4.016 4.496 5.036 6.053 7.010 ; 8-059 7.967 8.927 . 10.181 10.124 10.005 10.985 12.077 - 11.985 0.424 0.567 0.850 1.130 1.678 *0.750 Q:968 !,T.078 1.312 1.656 2.272 2.717 1.984 2.281 3.652 5.793 7.575 9.109 10.790 12.538 14.617 18.974 23.544 24.696 . 28.554 33.907 : 31.201 34.240 40.483 45.557 43.773 49.562 2.750 3.312 4.031 4.500 4.968 5.531 6.281 7.375 8.375 9.406 9.406 10.687 11.937 11.937 11.937 12.937 13.875 13.875 1.000 1.343 1.343 1.531 1.718 2.062 2.312 2.500 3.125 3.125 3.687 3.687 4.218 4.125 4.156 5.000 5.000 5.000 6.375 6.750 6.750 6.750 6.750 6.760 6.937 0.059 0.156 0.168 0 243 0.425 0.631 1.100 2.100 3.025 3.900 4.200 6:200 8.250 10.800 14.650 16.250 16.250 33.700 42.900 42.900 42.900 45.900 49.100 49.100 Buttweld . and Lapweld Lapweld Extra Heavy X 0.540 X 0:675 X 0.840 X 1.050 1 1.315 IX 1.660 IX 1.900 :2 2X 3 3X" 4 4X 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 . 5.563 6.625 7.625 8.625 9.625 10.750 11.750. 12.750 0.295 0.417 0.539 0.735 0.949 1.269 1.491 1.929 2.311 2.887 3.350 3.811 4.275 4.797 5.743 6.603 7.604 8.604 9.729 10.729 11.729 0.535 0.738 1.087 1.473 2.171 . 0.843 0.968 1.109 1.406 1..656 2.9963.631 2.094 2.375 5.022 7.661 10.252 12.505 14.933 17.611 20.778 28.573 38.048 43.388 48.728 54.735 60.075 65.415 : 2:937 3.531 4.187 41750 5.250 5.671 6.375 7.500 8.625 9.500 10.687 . ill.937 ; 13.875 , 1.250 1.343. 1.500 2.125 2.375* 2.750 2.750 3.625 4.125 4.250 4.437 4.437 4.375 5.000 5 437 6.250 6.250 6.375 6.750 6.937 155 0.125 0.156 0.200 0.460 0.625 1.150 1. dUU 2.400 4.250 5.200 6.900 7.500 7.700 . 10.850 15.5UU 24.300 24.000 33.700 42.200 49.100 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 90.. GENUINE WROUGHT IRON PIPE--BLACK OR GALVANIZED--Continued AU Weights and Dimensions are Nominal Std. wt. Couplings 1Size Outside diam., in. diam., in. plain ends, lbs. per ft. Outside diam.. I Length. in. in- Weight. lbs. Double Extra Heavy Buttweld Buttweld and Lapweld Lapweld 0.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 0.226 0.413 0.576 0.874 1.714 2.440 3.659 5.214 1H 1.900 1.078 6.408 2 2*4 3 3H 4 4H 5 6 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.563 6.625 1.480 1.742 2.270 2.697 3.119 3.546 4.028 4.857 9.029 13.695 18.583 22.850 27.541 32.530 38.552 53-160 Same as for Extra Heavy Same as for Extra Heavy Same as for Extra Heavy Permissible variation in weight is 2H per cent below ana o per ceuv uuuvc Standard pipe furnished with threads and Couplings and in random lengths; extra heavy and double extra heavy with plain ends, and in random lengths unless otherwise ordered. Extra heavy and double extra heavy pipe fitted with threads and couplings at an extra charge above regular. Expansion of Wrought Iron Pipe IKCEEAEE IN LENGTH PER 100 Ft. WHEN HEATED TO ,, Temperature 160 180 200 212 228 240 250 259 267 274 32 in. 64 in. 1.28 1.02 0.77 1.44 1.18 0.93 1.60 1.34 1.09 1.69 1.43 1-18 1.82 1.56 1.31 1.92 1.66 1.41 2.00 1.74 1.49 2.07 1.81 1.56 2.13 1.87 1.61 2.20 1.94 1.69 Hot Water Water 5 10 15 20 25 30 Boils lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. it is sXffi to over the tomperatureat the tiine of installation, divided by 100. ^temperature wh" installed 32 dez- 10 lb. Pressure-240 deg., d,detente 203 deg.. 4/S of which equals 1.60 in. otpansion per 100 ft. ing cost covering the items of fittings, valves, installation, shop costs, supervision and overhead. When if is recalled that a pipe failure may cause the loss of the first investment and may also be accompanied by costly repair bills on in terior walls, floors and decorations it is important to choose pipe which will give the maximum assurance of long life. In ordering genuine wrought iron pipe a specification that is frequently used is as follows: Manufacturer's Name or "Brand: or _ Genuine Wrought Iron Pipe. 156 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Finish: (Black or Galvanized) Weight: (Full Standard Weight, or Extra Heavy Weight) Nipples: Must be made up from genuine wrought iron specified for pipe, of the same quality, weight, and finish as for the latter. In accordance with established practice of manufacturers of genuine wrought iron pipe it is sold with the guarantee somewhat as follows: (1) Ail pipe is guaranteed to be made of genuine wrought iron aggregated from a solidifying mass of pasty particles of highly refined metal which, without subsequent fusion, are incorporated with a minutely and uniformly distributed quality of silicate slag. COPPER AND BRASS PIPE Copper and brass tubing are commonly stocked and supplied by. manufacturers and distributors in sizes varying from to 10 in. o. d. and in gages from 2 to 25 B & S and Stubbs. Cooper and brass piping are stocked and supplied in regular and extra heavy iron pipe sizes. Both tubing and piping are usually stocked in 12 ft. lengths, and can be obtained in lengths from 2 to 20 ft. or more if required. .. The use of brass piping for water supply service is widely increasing in the domestic, institutional and industrial fields, and the growing interest in its use and application is primarily due to the wider public knowledge of the economic and engineering advantages of brass in pipe, pipe-fittings, plumbing and heating installations. The serviceability and usefulness of brass piping is due principally to its inherent resistance to corrosion. An outstanding example of its use and field is afforded by the general employment of brass piping and fittings in boiler feed lines throughout, from meter or hot-well to pump, to feed-water heater to boiler, as well as in circulating and drip systems. . Corrosion is caused by the chemical interaction between the oxygen of the atmosphere and the metallic surfaces. This type of corrosion or. oxidation is universal and is the chief cause of the deterioration arid decay' of metals and alloys used in engineering. Other types of corrosion or chemical decomposition frequently occur and are very often due to the. interaction of acids on the metals, the latter replacing the hydrogen constituent of the acid to form a metallic salt. : The chemical corrosion of metals is greatly accelerated by temper ature, and the degree of activity depends on the nature of the metals themselves. Brass, which is a mixture of copper and zinc, the copper greatly pre dominating, is incomparably less active from a chemical point, of view than the irons and steels, and does not rust or oxidize at anything like the rapidity under ordinary exposure to the atmosphere. In cities sulphur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulphide and other ingredients which may be looked upon as accidental, also have a 157 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 distinct corrosive influence on the materials of engineering. The affinity of iron for oxygen, which may be looked upon as the chief factor of cor rosion, is apparent to the most casual observer in the rust developed, which is evident on every hand. That this activity of corrosion is greatly accelerated by an elevation in temperature, is readily seen in the black smith shop, where iron oxidizes to form a heavy scale in the short time that elapses between the forge and the hammer. Not so with brass. Its oxidation is slow and years of exposure are re quired to effect a noticable corrosion. Metals may be subjected to air, water, sulphurous fumes, nitrogen, hydrogen and free carbon dioxide, The nitrogen is inert, but the oxygen and free or half-bound carbon dioxide in the presence of moisture exercise a distinct corrosive influence, the latter exhibiting, with water, the corroding effects of a weak acid. Iron or steel under these exposures are incomparably more subject to attack than brass, a fact demonstrated by daily experience and extensive research in the laboratory. ' Internal corrosion, accelerated by higher temperatures is most to be feared and is often the determining factor in endurance. We often see an old iron pipe that is pitted completely through at certain points, due to this action. The proof of this assertion is shown in the more rapid cor rosion of hot-water piping than cold. In cold water piping the tempera ture of the water restrains the chemical interaction, but gases released at points where a partial vacuum obtains, still exercise a corrosive effect. ' . The iron oxides have a much greater volume than the metallic iron from which they were originally derived. A in. pipe, would be entirely closed up when only 1/27 of the thickness of its wall would have been converted into oxides, and in a 1 in. pipe only 1/40. This results in " wire drawing " and .greatly reduces the volume of the stream at outlets and leads to complaints that the pressure is abnormally low, whereas the real source of trouble is in excessive interior corrosion. Brass piping is immune to this type of corrosion, and always delivers water free from discoloration or rust. Due to its maintenance of a smooth, unrusted interior, full flOw and pressure are continued throughout the life of the system, and piping friction losses are kept reduced to the minimum. . . .' . Under conditions usually obtaining,- good quality brass piping and fittings will satisfy all requirements. The architect engineer or contractor should by all means require that piping and fittings be supplied by a reputable dealer, the product of a reputable manufacturer. Certain known special conditions of corrosion may require special mixtures, in order to obtain for the piping system the longest life. Among such instances might be.mentioned salt water service, for which a uni-,, versal recommendation is "admiralty" mixture (70 per cent copper, 29 per cent zinc, and 1 per cent tin.) Where unusual factors of corrosion are present, the engineer or contractor should heed the recommendations of the pipe manufacturer; In alt cases, pipe fittings should have approxi mately the same composition as the metal of the pipe itself. 158 1 36.94 43.91 38.84 46.17 9.625 10.760 8.937 10.019 .340 .370 349 340 261 265 63.630 78.840 .236 .258 1- .,8 8 1X " 1 H " o .00 . t*. joogiOe?o} . c5o cSq OS C24 - c-o^coooco ' ' cj --oeq eo csqtss. Sg co io h* t'. ` . od * . ;: :: : j: :| i: ;i i! ts :i::r ::;:i !!!}! :: :j :; ! ;j; j ioj o \; ;Si; t " : u: :: : :i i * 31.32 32.93 6.625 5.750 .437 18.44 19.39 6.625 6.125 .250 555 . 25.960 . .329 . 8 IX " 763 740 578 18.190 .267 8 IX " 22.51 23.67 5.563 4.813 .375 309 . 300 281 15.940 19.990 28.890 .139 I -151| .172 611 . 11.450 14.180 .233 . 88 IX" IX " 20.07 21.10 5.000 4.250 .375 814 . 16.41 17.25 4.500 3.818 .341 337 320 9.887 12.730 .1181 .129 , 580 509 518 461 449 427 412 400 375 16.4 16.19 5.563 5.062 .250 13.74 14.44 5.000 4.500 .250 12.29 12.93 4.500 4.000 .250 635 8.856 .213 8 IX " 846 13.66 14.37 4.000 3.358 .321 10.85 11.41 4.000 3.500 .250 CO 1142 1006 991 904 11.24 11.82 3.500 2.892 .304 346 7.388 .109 ' 8.314 8.741 3.500 3.062 .220 co 5.508 8.407 5.791 8.839 2.375 2.875 1.933 2.315 .221 .280 435 381 .391 2.038 3.355. 4.783 | .070 .079 .096 3.037 4.017 5.83 3.193 4.224 6.13 1.900 2.375 2.875 1.600 2.062 2.500 .150 .157 .183 xC4 CS 3.986 4.191 1.900 1.494 .203 X ?! Sw - S so --> ee*y* j 2608 2166 1739. 1500 2.386 2.509 1.315 .951 .182 563 .863 .059 1.622 1.706 1.050 .736 .157 630 .533 .052 1160 1024 840 750 1.740 1.829 1.315 1.062 .126 1.235 1.298 1.050 .822 .114 St 1.191 1.253 .840 .642 .149 870 798 .192 .305 .043 .048 .911 .958 .840 .625 .1075 X .805 .847 .675 .421 .127 .612 .644 .675 .484 .096 x St slsfel I I sSigg ' ^` .............. CO <N ^ . 4442 .353 .371 .405 .205 .100 1332 .057 .036 f ... 1776 .246 .259 .406 .281 .064 X r ... .. i .. ... t. ... ... ... 08 | I I- |-ij Mil llsSlfs H . Hi ^if:4s a*, o.S go gj1s 3ffsli . w _ _ j tja eg &9* OaVaBO gl-Ms-wacx&Sni iss mowwwm o 159 . : .. . . i : : I'a -~~ugE20*_g rO, t S..2 S *3u* o,j*o.2 g 0 5* $3 S'. S*d5 E ! ** Sites s .l-_sSJJ SuoK----Sto B. saC?"5CaB-Wha.*-jS53|2g &S s s e--s g.s-Sa|'s 1 gs B3UWWW03 U 3318 .033 .068 27 X" 1881 .139 .079 18 X" 1625 .231 .088 14 X" 1302, 1125 .452 .710 .096 n.107x 14 X" X " 857 755 748 1.753 2.935 4.209 .128n x .146 .172 UX 8 l" IX " IX " 678 6.569 .196 8 IX " Dunds. I :r and ithickneS3in inichpfl. / q g J3 if I2 iM * ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Brass pipe lends itself to economy in the labor costs of installation. It can be readily cut, bent, threaded and otherwise machined. At screw joints the threads do not corrode out at the roots and cause leaks, and such joints can, if necessity arises, be remade without injury to the pipe. If a building equipped with brass piping is torn down, the old piping and fittings can be used again or sold for a high scrap value. The accompanying Table 91 gives weights and sizes for copper and brass tubing, in iron pipe sizes. 160 Chapter XV PIPE SIZES FOR WATER SUPPLY SERVICE THE lack of data upon which to base water pipe sizes for plumbing fixtures, branches and mains is probably due to the great number of variables which enter into their proper determination. Plumbing fixtures in common use, having what is known as good water flow, deliver the quantities of water per outlet as given in Table 92. TABLE 92. SUPPLY SIZES FOR FIXTURES AND MAXIMUM FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE Number of Fixtures 1 2 4 8 12 16 24 32 40 Water Closets-- Gal. per Min... .... ........................... 8 16 24 48 60 80 96 128 150 Pipe Sue.............................................. K K 1 IK IK IK 2 2 2 Gal. per Min.,,....................................... 30 50 80 120 140 160 200 250 300 Pipe Size................................................ 1 1 K IK 2 2 2 2K 2H 2K Valves Urinals-- Gal. per Min........... .............................. 6 12 20 32 42 56 72 90 120 Pipe Size................................................. K Gal. per Min..*................ ...................... 25 K37 1 45 IK IK IK IK 2 2 75 85 100 125 150 175 Flush Pipe Size................................................. 1 ik 1K IK IK 2 2 2 2 Valves Lavatories and Wash Sinks-- Based upon Each Faucet Gal. per Min.......................................... 4 8 12 24 30 40 48 64 75 Pipe Size............................................... . K K X 1 1 IK IK IK IK Bath Tubs-- Gal. per Min.......................................... 15 30 40 80 96 112 144 192 240 Pipe Size......-............. ........................... K 1 IK IK 2 2 2 2K 2K Shower Baths-- Gal. per Min.......................................... 8 16 32- 64 96 128 192 256 320 8" rain Pipe Size................................................. K X IK IK 2 2 2K 2K 3 Head Acid and Slop Sinks, Manufacturing, Kitchen and Laundry-- . Gal. per Min..................... ...... ........... 15 25 40 64 84 96 120 150 200 per bibb Pipe Size................... _ _______ ___ _ K IK IK IK 2 2 2 2H per bibb Note.--The above sizes are based upon a pressure drop of 30 lb. per 100 ft. In estimating risers and mains, the number of gallons for W. C. and urinals where flush valves are used are to be as given for tanks. ' The hot water faucets are to be disregarded when estimating risers and mains. Water flowing in pipes is retarded by friction, the extent of which depends upon the velocity, which is the cause of unsatisfactory service when pipes are too small. The amount of head necessary to overcome this friction is known as the friction head, which is usually expressed in feet. It is also known as pressure drop, usually expressed in lbs. per sq. in. per 100 ft. of pipe. The total pressure needed to discharge a given Material for this section furnished for The Guide by W. S. Timmis, New York. 161 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 quantity of water is the pressure necessary to overcome friction in the pipes (when horizontal) plus the static pressure when the discharge is higher than the supply. . - Table 95, column 1, gives the vertical rise in feet to any fixture up to 150 ft. in height; column 2, gives the static head in lb. per sq. in. corre sponding with the vertical rise. The underlying principle involved in determining the proper pipe sizes for mains, risers and branches is to so regulate the size of these pipes that they will carry the maximum amount of water required of them and absorb by friction and static head, all the pressure at the source and still deliver water at the fixture in sufficient quantity but at a pressure prac tically equalling zero or slightly above except that due to velocity of flow through the fixture. Table 92 gives the amount of water in gallons which should flow per minute for the number of fixtures indicated of each different type, together with the branch pipe size necessary to carry this amount of water with a pressure drop of 30 lb. per 100 ft. of run. The volume of water required per fixture is reduced as the number <jf fixtures in each group is increased, to take care of the factor of probable use. In estimating the pipe size for any part of a riser in a building of several stories, take 60 per cent of. the water to be used on any floor and 411 floors above as determined from Table 92 and deduct 10 per cent for each floor above. This reduction in estimated amount is to take care of probable use. Thus, if 100 gallons are used on each floor of a 10-story building the size or pipe will be determined as follows: TABLE 93. WATER RISERS FOR MANUFACTURING BUILDINGS, LOFT BUILDINGS. APARTMENT HOUSES, HOTELS Pipe Size with 10 Lb. Drop 1010 to 7 ind. 41 6 10 5 10 " 4 10 * 3 * 10 2 " 10 * 1 * 210000 gal. x 0.60 300 x 0.60 400 x 0.60 500 x 0.60 600x0.60 700 x 0.60 800 x 0.60 1000900 x 0.60 x 0.60 60% 60 90% - 108 80% - 144 70% - 168 60% = 180 50% = 180 40% - 184 . 40% - 192 40% - 216 40% = 240 ' ' -- . 22" X" 2H" 3" 3' 3' 3*' 3' 3" 3" . .- . Note.--For residences, use Table 92. and for the main supply use 25 per cent of total of gallons used by fixtures and then take pipe size from Table 94 on a basis of 10 lb. pressure drop per 100 ft. or less if water supply pressure is less than 50 lb. . The pressure drop of 30 lb. per 100 ft. of run will give satisfactory results for branches on the top floor but a higher pressure drop can be used on floors below corresponding with the pressures as given in Table 94 which show that for a building 100 ft. in height, a pressure drop of 100 lb. can be used on the fixture branches and that for a building 50 ft. in height, a pressure drop of 75 lb. can be used on the fixture branches; Table 92, however, can be used with safety on any of the floors but will give pipe sizes larger than necessary for the lower floors in a very tall building. .: 162 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 94. PIPES MAY BE SIZED FOR GIVING ANY DESIRED PRESSURE DROP ___________________________________ PER 100 FT. OF RUN Friction Pressure Drop Lb. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Run . H Pipe Sizes in Inches 1 IX m 2 2x 3 3% 4 Gallons per Minute 5 .7 50 75 5.4 11 19 30 62 109 171 252 353 6.4 13 23 36 74 129 203 298 418 887.6 15 27 43 154 242 357 499 10.8 22 38 61 125 218 343 504 706 8613.2 27 47 76 153 267 420 618 864 15.0 31 54 176 308 485 714 998 -2117..00 35 43 60 96 197 345 542 800 1115 74 117 242 423 665 978 1365 24.0 49 85 136 278 485 769 1130 1578 27.0 55 96 152 311 544 858 1260 1765 30.0 60 105 166 341 598 939 1380 1930 TABLE 95. SHOWING WATER PRESSURE REQUIRED TO DELIVER WATER TO TOP OF VERTICAL RISER WITH 15 LB. PRESSURE AT THE TOP BRANCH Vertical. Rise or Water from Main to Highest Fixture Branch Static Head in Lb. per Sq. In. Water Pressure in Lbs. Required to Deliver Water to Top of Riser with 15 Lb. Terminal Pressure Pressure Drop per 100 Ft. 5 Lb. : 7 Lb. 10 Lb. 20 Lb. . .0 20 30 50 70 so 1n2o0 140 150 - 0 48..3636 12.99 17.32 21.65 25.99 30.32 34.65 38.98 43.31 47.64 51.97 56.30 60.63 64.96 15 20.5 25 29.5 35 39.5 44 49.5 54 58.5 64 68.5 73 77.5 83 87.5 . . 15 20.7 25.4 30.1 35.8 40.5 45.2 50.9 55.6 6660.3 70.7 75.4 80.1 85.9 90.5 2115 26 31 37 42 47 53 58 63 69 74 79 84 90 . 95 . 110 Note.--The water pressures given in above table are the pressures at the base ol the riser, necessary to deliver water to top of riser with a terminal pressure of 15 lb., when discharging the number of gallons per minute called for in Table 94, at the pressure drop indicated. .. The following examples show how to use Table 94: Example.--What are the sizes required for mains and branches in a building 100 ft. high, supplied with a water pressure of 75 lb. per sq. in. with 100 gal. of water per minute required on each floor? This is worked out in Table 93 and gives the pipe sizes for the main riser with a 10 lb. drop for 300 ft. of run and shows that a 3 in. main, reduced to 2 in., would be required: branches to the various groups of fixtures can be taken from Tables 94 and 95. On the top floor it will be necessary to use. a 1^ in. branch to carry 75 gal. per min. with a pressure drop of 30 lb. but that at 50 ft. vertically from the supply, a in. branch pipe will carry 74 gal. per minute, therefore\\i in. pipe could be selected for this branch. Assuming that the pressure drop in the main riser is 10 lb. per 100 ft. run and the pressure drop on the top flqor in the branch does not exceed 15 lb. in all and the static head for building 100 ft. as given in column 2 of Table 95 is 43.31 lb. making a total of 58.31 lb.; it will be seen that 75 lb.--58.31 lb., which equals 16.59 lb., is the amount of pressure over and above that required, and that this pressure can be utilized to overcome the triction drop in the main feed line running from the source of supply to the base of the riser. . . From Table 93 it is found that 240 gal. per min. will flow at the first floor, and assuming that tms water supply is to be brought in a main 300 ft. long; Table 94 will show that a oyb in. supply would be necessary. 163 . American Society of Heating 'and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 WHEN TANK IS ON ROOF If tank is elevated about 35 ft. above highest fixture, which would be about 25 ft. above the roof, all the computations given herein will apply for branch connections arid main risers except that the main riser will have its greatest diameter at the top. It will be seen that 35 ft. elevation will give the necessary 15 lb. pressure at the highest fixture. FRICTION IN ELBOWS . Friction caused by elbows should be added to straight pipe friction. Each elbow in a line will add friction equal to a length of straight pipe forty times the diameter of the pipe: Pipe Size............................... Vi 1 IX VA 2 1% Equivalent length of straight pipe in feet___ 2.5 3.3 4.1 5 6.7 8.3 3 3M 4 10 11.7 13.3 The water supply formula herewith makes it possible to accurately compute the flow of water in gallons through any pipe with any friction head and also gives formula for the additional head due to water entering the main, which, if extremely accurate calculations are necessary, should be added to the head required for friction; generally, however, this can be neglected as it is comparatively small. WATER SUPPLY FORMULA CF = Cu. ft. per min. discharged . G = Gal. per min. discharged H -- Friction head of water in feet = pressure X 2.31; if water is raised vertically, deduct number of feet raised, from head due to pressure. L = Length of pipe in feet--including horizontal and vertical runs. CF = 0.16 Y X3H L (1) G - 1.2 J<*` X 3 H Y L (2) ,, (0.16 X CF)' X L (3d)s (3) ,, . (1-2 GY X L n~ (3d) (4) The above formula neglects the head due to entry, which need not be computed except when L is very short. Hi = head due to entry in feet.' / 0.83 G V /0.16 CFy H, or Hi \dJ X 13/ \d3 X 13/ Example.--Required the discharge of a 2 in. main with pressure 30 lb. 100 ft. hori zontal run and 30 ft. vertical run. H = 30 X 2.31 - 30 = 39.3. VFormula (2) G = 1.2 (3 X 2) X 3 X 39.3 ~ 100 + 30 100.8 In the above case the head due to entry would be Hi 0.83 X 100.8V . 2 X 2 X 13 ) 2.56 ft. Usually this can be neglected except for very close calculations. 164 PART II Chapter XVI VENTILATION ' INTRODUCTION VENTILATION is the science of supplying air having all the proper ties necessary and conducive to good health. Early in the progress of the art it was considered that a room was well ventilated when a sufficient quantity of outside air at proper temperature was brought in. With buildings widely separated so that the outside air was not contaminated by contact with large groups of people, and the various operations of industry, this method usually provided sufficient ventilation. In the thickly populated districts of our large cities, where the buildings are large and close together, air is vitiated by contact with great masses of people, and by the various manufacturing processes and industrial activities far beyond the allowable limits for good ventilation. One good example of outside air contamination comes from the large number of motor vehicles in the streets producing great volumes of dust, objectionable odors, and poisonous gases. Good ventilation, therefore, implies more than the supply of any given quantity of outside air. The various constituents, and the quality of the air itself within the ventilated space must be considered individually,'and the verdict as to the satisfaction resulting from ventilation must be' ren dered in accordance with the perfection of each of these factors, and their relation to each other. ' It is immaterial whether the air is introduced direct from outdoors, whether it passes through a purification process, or if, after being purified, it is recirculated. ^ To be well ventilated the air in a room must have the ability to remove the proper amount of heat from the human body normally clothed. In other words, it must have the proper cooling power, or effective tempera ture, as determined by its temperature humidity and air motion. This' factor of ventilation is taken up in another section. The air must contain the required amount of oxygen for supporting human life, be free from harmful bacteria, and low in dust count. It must be reasonably free from bodily and other objectionable odors, and harmful gases, and must be supplied to all parts of the room in sufficient quantity to maintain a proper value for each of these factors. The Synthetic Air Chart as developed by E. Vernon Hill with a few modifications to incorporate the latest information obtained from the Research Laboratory offers a convenient means of determining the per centage of perfection of each of the above factors entering into good ventilation, and,'therefore, the percentage of perfection of ventilation in any room or building. The Synthetic Air Chart is taken up in another section. . 165 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Good ventilation exists when each of the factors mentioned going to make good air has the proper value, and the proper relation to each other, re gardless of the method of obtaining the same. If outside air is good as pertaining to these factors, then good ventilation may be obtained by supplying a sufficient quantity of outside air. If, however, any of t)ie factors required in good ventilation are not satisfactory for the outside air, then ventilation will not be good, regardless of the amount of such air supplied, unless such factors are corrected. Again, if all of the above factors are perfected by artificial conditioning, by washing, or by any other process, ventilation is perfect even though no outside air is used. The processes and laws of chemistry and physics are well enough understood by the heating and ventilating engineer to enable him to arti ficially control at will all of the known factors pertaining to good ventila tion, and it, therefore, becomes merely a question of economy as to whether it is better to artificially condition air and recirculate it, or to use outside air. . amount of new air to be supplied per person. Cubic Feet per Minute i Chapter XVII HOW TO USE THE SYNTHETIC AIR CHART . v In view of the announcement that after three years of investiga tion of the question of a standard for measurement of ventilation, the Society had adopted the Synthetic Air Chart for the purpose of comparing the air conditions in any room with the idea!or standard . conditions, the Research Bureau worked out the following descrip tion of its method of application. It was thought that the operation of the Synthetic Air Chart might not be found entirely clear with out some explanation and the late John R. Allen, then director of the Research Bureau, submitted the following brief statement for the benefit of those' interested, together with illustrations of the apparatus.necessary to make the measurements involved. Without ' Humidification or ' Recirculation With Humidification but Without Recirculation WithHumidification ' - and Recirculation . Number " ' . . of Air . Changes ' per Hour Schools-- Class Rooms.............. . Assembly Rooms... ........... Gymnasiums....................... Toilets. _ ................................. Locker Rooms........................ Kitchens..................................... Lunch Rooms......................... Theaters-- Seating Space......................... Hospitals-- Wards........................................... Kitchens..................................... Dining Rooms.:..................... Toileta ................................. Hotels-- Dining Rooms........................ Kitchens..................................... Ball Rooms..:.......................... Work Space............................. Assembly Rooms................. 30 15 to 20 30 30 to 50 30 to 40 20 to 30 20 10 to 15 25 20 to 30 20 to 30 15 to 20 5 to 10 5 to 10 15 to 20 10 to 20 5 to 10 20 to 60 10 to 20 10 to 15 10 to 15 20 to 60. 10 to 20 10 to 20 10 to 15 20 to 60 , 5 to 10 5 to 10 Note.--See paper Modern Trend in the Science of Ventilation. Perry West. Journal, A. S: H. & V. E. June. 1924. -' 166 HE Synthetic Air Chart offers a means of determining the percentage Tof perfect ventilation by considering all the known factors that make up the air conditions in a: room. These factors with their proper weights, experimentally determined, are represented by columns ar ranged vertically across the chart. The base of each column represents the ideal condition, or 100 per cent perfect. Bordering on either side of the main column are two narrow columns marked " -- %" and " + %." The former denotes the penalization to be subtracted from the Percent of Perfect Column, and the "-f- %" denotes the condition considering only the one particular factor. ; The various factors are divided into three groups, which are separated by the double lines. First, Wet Bulb Difference which includes Tem perature, Humidity, and Air Motion; second, Dust, Bacteria, and Odors; third, Carbon Dioxide. The latter, although not really a factor, since it is not considered injurious, serves as an index of the'aihount of air sup plied and of the distribution in the room. In addition; columns providing for Other Injurious Substances and for Distributions;are given. The upper limit of any of these groups represents the: condition where life would cease to exist. Hence at this point the %" column would in dicate 100 per cent penalization. (Since the upper ends of the columns represent conditions'not obtained in practice they, are not included on the chart.) , ,. ' . To illustrate the method of graduating the columns, consider, the first which is headed Wet Bulb Difference. When at rest with no air motion, the ideal wet bulb temperature is 56 deg. The upper portion of the column represents the unlivable condition which is approximately 106 . deg. with 100 per cent humidity or a wet bulb difference of 50 deg. from the ideal. Any variation from 56 deg. would therefore represent a definite percentage of variation from the. ideal.. The graduations in the other columns were constructed in like manner. .. ' ' ......... 167............................ ....... American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Fig. 55. The Synthetic Air Chart 168 169 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 After the values of all the factors have been determined by test, the results are shown on the chart by a heavy vertical line (% in. wide) and the height of the line will indicate the results obtained in the test. Penali zation for all the factors may then be read directly opposite the top of each line. All the " -- %'s" are then totaled and the sum subtracted from 100 per cent to determine the Percent of Perfect ventilation for the* room as a whole. This result is plotted in the last column headed Percent of Perfect. For example, if the sum of all %'s" found in the different columns is 15% per cent, then the difference between 100 . and 15%, or 84% per cent, is plotted in the last column as the final Percent of Perfect. ' TO MAKE THE TEST ' Temperature, Humidity, and Air Motion.--Temperatures and humidities shall be . determined with a sling psychrometer. The extent and direction of air movement in the room may be determined by observing the velocity of a puff of vapor from an . Fig. 57. Ammonium-Chloride Apparatus for Determining Velocity and Direction of. Air Currents ammonium-chloride apparatus, such as shown in Fig. 57. This apparatus consists'of a bottle of hydrochloric acid and a bottle of ammonium chloride, each bottle having a two-holed rubber stopper supplied with bent glass tubing similar to a wash bottle. A small pressure bulb forces the air through the two bottles simultaneously, and when the acid vapors and the ammonium vapors unite, a cloud of ammonium-chloride vapor is formed. This cloud is readily visible and the velocity and direction of the air currents may be studied from it. ` Dust.--Dust determinations are made by the.use of a direct-counting instrument in which the air is caused to impinge against a cover slip coated with adhesive material. The particles are counted under the microscope and the result placed upon a cubic foot basis. By direct1 counting is meant a method where the dust particles are studied and counted as they originally existed in the air, and the particles are not broken up or altered in shape, size, or nature by processes of sampling or counting. . Bacteria.--Bacterial determinations shall be.made in accordance with the standard adopted by the American Public Health Association. Petrii dishes 4 in. in diameter (See Fig. 58) containing standard agar, are exposed in the room for 2 min. They are then carefully covered and incubated for 48 hr. at 22 deg. cent. The colonies on the plate are then counted. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Fig. 58. Culture Plates for Determining the Bacteria in Air Odors.---Odors shall be determined in accordance with the following rating: 100 per cent freedom from odors..................... Perfect 95 per cent freedom from odors.......... -..........Very faint 90 per centfreedom from odors.................... Faint So per centfreedom from odors.................... Noticeable 80 per centfreedom from odors.................... Distinct 75 per centfreedom from odors.................... Decided 70 per cent freedom from odors.................. --Strong The determination shall be made immediately upon going into the room from the outer air. Carbon Dioxide.--The apparatus necessary to take samples of air for CO* determina tions consists of a 120 cu. cm. rubber-stoppered bottle and a constant-pressure rubber bulb, as shown in Fig. 59. To take a sample, the rubber tube attached to the bulb is inserted to the bottom of the bottle and held at arm's length so that the sample will not become contaminated by expired air. The tube is closed by compressing it between the Fig. 59. Taking an Air Sample 171 American ' Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Cuide, 1924-25 thumb and neck of the bottle and the net-covered bulb is filled with air by pressing the uncovered bulb with the hand; the thumb is then released and the inrushing air replaces the air originally in the bottle. This operation is repeated three times, after which the tube is removed and the bottle is tightly sealed with a rubber stopper. An analysis of the sample is then made with a Peterson-Palmquist air-analysis instrument, the result being given in parts of CO* per 10,000 parts of air. In the chart in Fig. 60 is shown how the air supply may be determined from the CO* readings. Suppose an analysis of the air sample taken in the room shows that the average CO* content is 7 parts per 10,000. Then if the outdoor air contains 4 parts per 10,000, the difference is:3 parts. Locate the 3 on the horizontal scale of the chart, and pass ver tically up to the curve; from the point of intersection with the curve tranverse to the vertical scale which will show that 2,000 cu. ft. of air per hr. per person is being supplied to the room. Distribution.--The distribution of the air in a room shall be determined from the CO* readings taken in the various parts of the room. The following example illustrates the method of calculating the result. Assume four samples taken resulting in the following analysis: . Station 1 2 3 4 Parts of CO* per 10,000 6.4 7.4 9.2 5.0 Average 7.0 The variation at the various stations above or below the average is as follows: Station 1 2 3 4 7.0 - 6.4 = 0.6 7.4 - 7.0 = 0.4 9.2 - 7.0 = 2.2 7.0 - 5.0 = 2.0 Then the average variation from the average CO* is determined as follows: 0.6 + 0.4 + 2.2 -f 2.0 , ^ 4 13 The percentage of variation is therefore equal to 1.3 -r 7.0 = 18.6 per cent. There fore the percentage distribution = 100 *-- 18.6 = 81.4 per cent. Other Injurious Substances.--This column is used only in special cases where, owing1 to the nature of the processes carried on, some particularly injurious substance is being' given off to the air. The column is then graduated, consistent with the nature of the substance. ' For example, suppose that the contaminating substance is carbon monoxide. Grubner states that symptoms of poisoning are distinct when the air contains 0.02 of one per cent of this gas, and that death ensues in a short time when the air contains 0.05 of one per cent. Whitthaus states that when air containing carbon monoxide is breathed* the body retains about one-half of the gas inhaled. The poison therefore accumulates in the blood, and small amounts in the air may produce death if inhaled over a sufficient period of time. It is apparent therefore for our purpose that the lethal dose of 0.05 of one per cent is too high, and that 0.02 of one per cent, considering the time factor, would be nearer the truth. In arranging our scale in the column headed Other Injurious Sub stances, we would therefore consider air free from CO as 100 per cent and air containing two parts in 10,000 as 0 per cent, or air containing one part of CO would be 50 per cent, one-half parts, 25 per cent, etc. For example, if a test is made of the air in a garage or other place where CO is found, and the result shows two parts of CO in 100,000 parts of air, the penalization factor 172 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 would be 10 per cent, and this amount would be added to the other minus percentages or penalization factors, and the total substracted from 100 to obtain the final Percentage of Perfect. * The Comfort Chart.--The interrelation of temperature, humidity, and air motion is shown in the lower portion of the chart. The intersection of the Air Motion line and the Physical State line determines the proper wet bulb temperature. This point should be indicated on the chart by a small angle (thus ~|) the apex of the angle coinciding with the point of intersection of the lines. The observed dry bulb and wet bulb is also indicated by an angle (thus L). The difference between the desirable wet bulb and the observed wet bulb is plotted in the first column of the air chart marked Wet Bulb Dif ference. . .' Number and Location of Stations.--The number of stations where samples are to be taken shall be determined from the floor areas in the room. One station should be allowed Difference betweenCC^ContentlnckwrsondOutdoor^jnfbrtsperiQ^OO Fig. 60. Curve to Determine Air Supply from CO* Readings for each 200 sq. ft. of floor space. In no case shall less than four samples be taken. The room should be divided equally into imaginary areas and a station located in the center of each area. All samples are to be taken in the breathing zone which is from 2 to-6 ft. from the floor. . RECORDING THE RESULTS To illustrate the method of determining the Percentage of Perfect Ventilation, consider the results of a test as given below. The average results in a room are found as follows: Dry Blub temperature................ 72 deg. Wet Bulb temperature................58 deg. Air Motion.......... -..........................20 ft. per min. Physical State................................ Light work Dust................... -............ ..................10,000 particles per cu. ft. Bacteria..... i......................................10 colonies on a 2-min. plate Odors.................................................90 per cent free from CO*..........-......................... ...... ........ 7 parts per 10,000 ' Other injurious substances------- None > Distribution.................................... 81.4 173 .1 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 These .values are now represented on the chart by a %-in. vertical line drawn in the center of.each of the respective columns. The proper wet-bulb temperature is determined by noting the point of intersection of the "light work line" and the 20-ft. air motion line; this is 55 deg. wet bulb. Since the actual wet-bulb temperature as determined by the test is 58 deg. then the wet bulb difference is 3 deg. This value is plotted in the first column and the penalization as read in the " -- %" portion is -- 5% per cent. For the 10,000 particles of Dust, the penalization is a -- 1 per cent; for the Bacteria, -- 1 per cent; for the Odors, -- 1% per cent; for the COs, -- % per cent; for Other Injurious Substances, -- 0 per cent, and for Distribution, -- 5% per cent. The sum of all these penalizations is -- 15% per cent. Therefore the Percent of Perfect ventilation in the room is 100 -- 15% = 84% per cent. This value is then plotted in the last column marked Percent of Perfect. 174 Chapter XVIII . ' HOW TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY ,: AND AIR MOTION AFFECT HUMAN COMFORT THE sense of warmth experienced by the human body is not due alone to the temperature indicated by the dry bulb thermometer, neither does it depend solely upon the wet bulb temperature. Dry air at a relatively high temperature may feel cooler than air of considerably lower temperature with high moisture content. : Human comfort or discomfort depend largely on body temperature and therefore on the relation between the rate of heat production and dissipation. By the process of metabolism heat is constantly generated within the body, while on the other hand, loss of heat is constantly oc curring from the' surface of the body by radiation, convection and evaporation. To maintain a constant body temperature the loss of heat must equal the heat produced. It is therefore apparent that any inter ference with the elimination of heat from the body is accompanied by a rise in temperature and a feeling of discomfort. There are three principal factors affecting loss of body heat: 1. Temperature. 2. Humidity. 3. Air motion. ' As the temperature of the air and surrounding objects rises, the loss of heat by convection and radiation decreases. When the temperature reaches that of the body, the loss by radiation and convection ceases. : Finally as the air temperature exceeds that of the body, heat passes from , the air to the body. ; If on the other hand, the relative humidity is increased the heat loss . by evaporation decreases. If while the dry bulb temperature increases, ' the wet bulb temperature decreases sufficiently, the increase in loss of heat by evaporation may be made equal to the decrease in loss of heat by radiation and convection, resulting in no change in body temperature or comfort. From the above, it is concluded that there must necessarily exist cer tain combinations of temperatures and humidities, which produce the. : same total body heat loss by radiation, convection and evaporation and : therefore the same feeling of comfort or discomfort. Lines passing through such air conditions plotted as a psychrometric chart may be called equal comfort lines. The fact is further substantiated by the general experience of heating engineers in observing that the lower the humidity the higher the dry bulb temperature required for the same degree of comfort. . A series of tests have been made in the two psychrometric rooms of the Research Laboratory of the American Society, of Heating and Ven tilating Engineers, .in order to locate these lines on the psychrometric chart, both for still and moving air. . . . Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide by F. C. Houghten, New York, N. Y.: 175 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 DRY BULB TEMPERATURE F ig . 61. T h e C omport C h a r t for H um ans a t R est UIVAUaJO'QI H3d 3UnXSI0W J0SNIVd9 The relation of temperature and humidity to comfort in still air is given in Figs..61 and 62. , The effect of air motion upon the comfort, or effective temperaturelines, is shown in Fig. 63 in which effective temperature lines are given both for still air, and for a velocity of 300 ft. per minute. Data can 176 i i * F i g . 6 1 . T h e C o m f o r t C h a r t f o r u m a n s a t R e s tH flSF Fig. 62. Standard Psvchrometric Ci^art with Equal Comfort Lines Superimposed American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 better be taken from the Tables 96 to 102, which cover still and various moving air conditions. j i HOW TO USE THE COMFORT CHART I In the Psychrometric Chart, dry bulb temperature is plotted as abscissae and grains of moisture per pound of dry air as ordinates. The maximum moisture which the air can hold at any temperature gives the saturation or 100 per cent relative humidity curve. Relative humidities between 0 and 100 per cent are given by a series of curved lines similar to the saturation curve. The wet bulb temperatures for all atmospheric conditions are given by a series of nearly parallel oblique lines. Effective temperature is given by a series of oblique but not parallel lines which approach being parallel to the wet bulb lines at high temperatures and humidities, and dry bulb lines at low temperatures. The numerical value of the wet and effective temperature lines is given by the dry bulb temperature of their intersection with the saturation curve. Dry bulb temperature is the true temperature of the air as determined by an ordinary thermometer. It does not, however, accurately indicate a . person's feeling of warmth. It the humidity is high a person will feel ' I j warmer at the same dry bulb temperature than he will if the humidity is ` low. .' Wet bulb temperature is not the temperature of the air but that which a thoroughly wet body will attain if the air passes over it for a sufficient length of time and with a high enough velocity. A person is not thoroughly ' 1 wet and hence does not react entirely in accordance with the wet bulb temperature. At high temperatures when the body is wet with perspira tion, it reacts more nearly to wet bulb temperature while at low tempera tures the body is comparatively dry and reacts more nearly in accordance with the dry bulb temperature. Effective temperature is an experimentally determined scale which unlike the dry bulb, and wet bulb scales is a true measure of index of a person's feeling of warmth in all combinations of temperature and humidity. In other words with any given effective temperature a person will always feel the same degree of warmth or coldness regardless of the dry bulb or wet bulb temperature. . That range of effective temperatures over which 50 per cent of people t feel comfortable, namely 62 deg. effective temperature-to 69 deg. effective temperature, is called the Comfort Zone. That particular effective temperature at which a maximum number of people feel comfortable is 64 deg. effective temperature and is called the comfort line. While at rest in still air, 97 pier cent of all people are com fortable at this temperature. . Tables 96 to 102 give the relation between dry and wet bulb tempera tures, and effective temperature for still air, and various air velocities . up to 700 ft. per min. . Example 1.--Given dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures of 75 and 68 deg. First: what is the effective temperature? Second: is this condition warmer or cooler than 80 deg. dry bulb and 63 deg. wet bulb? Answer.--The first condition is given by the intersection of the 75 deg. dry bulb line and the 68 deg. wet bulb line. The effective temperature is given by the numerical value of the effective temperature line, passing through this point and indicated by the 177 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 y'v Aida jo a") yjcj aanxsiow jo sniv^io scale along the saturation curve, and is 71.1 deg. effective temperature. The second 70 S dev b/ tHe intersect,lon. of 80 deg. dry bulb and 63 deg. wet bulb and is - th?nthf fifrcondit"nPeratUre' 0 3 ^tive temperature cooler ferCiven 76 deg. dry bulb and 61 deg. wet bulb how many degrees dif ference between this condition and the comfort line or 64 deg. effective temperature? 178 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Answer.--The effective temperature of this condition is given by the intersection of the 76 deg. dry bulb and 61 deg. wet bulb lines and is 68.2 deg. effective temperature or 4.2 deg. effective temperature warmer than the comfort line. Example 3.--Given the dry and wet bulb temperatures in a. room of 78 and 64 deg. respectively, what air velocity will be necessary to make this condition ideally comfor table, that is, 64 deg. effective temperature? Answer.--From Table 96 for still air it will be seen that this condition has an effective temperature of 70.4 deg. in still air. Looking through the various Tables 97 to 102 for moving air it will be found that with a 300 ft. velocity this condition will have an effective temperature of 63 deg., and with a velocity of 200 ft. (Table 99) it will have an effective temperature of 64.8.deg. Interpolating between these two velocities the desired velocity is found to be 244 ft. per min. . .. Example J+.--Given a condition having dry and wet bulb temperatures of 90 and 85 deg. respectively, how much cooler will this condition feci if 300 ft. air velocity is supplied instead of still air? . .. Answer.--From Table 96 it will be found that this condition in still air has an effective temperature of 86.4 deg., while if the air has 300 ft. velocity it will be found from Table 100 that it will have an effective temperature of 81.9 deg. Cooling of 4.5 deg. will be produced by the 300 ft..air velocity. There are many applications for this data. In cases where air motion will produce a cooling effect it is a simple and inexpensive method. At high temperatures, however, the benefit is small and the effective tem perature should be reduced in other ways before setting the air in motion. In warm weather it is especially desirable to have greater comfort, in school rooms, theaters, auditoriums, also factories, foundries, iron, steel and glass works, mines and other places where workers are subjected to extreme temperature conditions. Maintaining comfortable conditions indoors in summer when the thermometer registers about 95 deg. is a more complicated problem than maintaining the proper condition in winter. Incoming air diffusing into the rooms takes up heat from the bodies of occupants, and the heat liberated by operating machinery so that the temperature is increased considerably. . The cooling effect produced by the evaporation of water has been helpful in air conditioning work particularly where air is quite dry. When it comes in contact with water in passing through a humidifier an* appreciable amount of heat is lost resulting in a considerable lowering of the air temperature. As an illustration of the value of saturation and air movement take the following average summer condition of 96 deg. dry bulb, 80 deg. wet bulb in practically still air, which corresponds to an effective temperature of 84.7 deg. A 300 ft. air velocity will improve conditions by only 3.5 deg. effective temperature. Saturating the air will reduce the dry bulb temperature to 80 deg. and with a 300 ft. air velocity applied the resulting condition will. theoretically be 72 deg. effective temperature so that the improvement will be 84.7 degi --72 deg. = 12.7 deg. effective temperature. In practice these theoretical values will not be fully achieved. Therefore an allowance should be made for an increase in temperature and a decrease in humidity of the diffusing air before it strikes the occupants. The cloth ing worn and the kind of work done will also have a retarding effect. The experimental evidence now available, of the laws govering. the cool ing of the human body is of grea't value in predicting just what may be expected of a definite air velocity at a given temperature and moisture content when directed upon the body of lightly clothed individuals. Complete reports with other detailed examples of the use of Laboratory Comfort Data are to be found in the Journal A. S. H. V. E. 179 30.5 30.0 34.4 34.7 38.6 4 2 .1| T A B L E 97. R E LA T IO N BETW EEN D R Y A N D W E T BULB TE M P E R A TU R E S A N D E F F E C T IV E TE M P E R A TU R E FOR SO FT. A IR V E LO C IT Y American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 U0. 01 s IHd id > td a z< CCSd DH s o iHd 3 CJOQ 03 H Cd > Q Z < >os a z uCx) H td CQ z o i3 Cd oS oo ' to Os o> CM Is. o fs* >o to o s tcoO O'OW'O ssss . ao. 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O^Is0c*M0ld0tdf0^lo/)6i/5s0'0dvc0M>^cd\0rd'0d'0d p --<pc^00 00OsO>Os ttdJ< odd--0Ictodt^otdtostdoct^ootdootos aq cq p p stf to ^ crdf rr-fI osjs --IOctod dto . ." ocnosooo CidO OCOs CTMt sTdj" oTof Cd i CQ H< tCOM O(N^'O00ON^^00Of0'fiO`0OiOOO Amt 180 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -- ----------- * 1 ' <*-< fO 88S3 CO CO CO to d td d r-^ oo ^ Os ^ ^ Os Os -H CM cd *d OOOsOsOsOsOs to co oo ro ^ to d d d Os CM O0 OO 00 OO 00 Os Os ------ to 00 p 00 p 00 p p - o6osdcdddt-^ ts.rs.ooooooooooooOs c*>st->oooqpcqcqaqtq tddc^ododcdddoo ts.ts.rs.f^.oooooooooooo ........ ... -- pstoooioOO^qwq'qq --icMcdddf-ooodcdd*''* ts. ts. css cs oO oo OO 00 00 Tj"Cosj`oqqqqqqq Os --4 cm cd *d td t- O' d cm *d to Oi^c-c-rs.rs.ts.rs.r-oooooooo r- oo o o m1 o; o q q q t q q r^r^Os*dcMcdtdsdod^CMtd 'O'O'OCsfs.fs.f^t^.c-r^oooooooo ' ' . isoooososwpqsor^qqtsq d sd c^ 00 00 Os d cd d *d r- Os o d *o sosO'O'Of--c-c-c-.c^cs.cooooo M-NOoocopqosqoqooo'i cm cd td d d oo O' cm cd d *-- od Os sO'O'O'O'O'Oc,*^c~*^,*-^*N`*>`00 ^COCMpCMopTtcifiP^,^*/? O^csJdtdddcdosdcsjdsOoooO 'OsO'O'O'O'O'O'O'Oc* cs. *s r-. N |s oo oowto^'CMtocoqMjqqqqsqooeqN . fsIOs--fdrJ'td'dc^od^-CcjtO*>00 to tO sO OsOosOosOO fs js. (s. t~s f rs fs . ^o^srt'flrt'O^qq oo.p o o O q q idi^odO'cMtdd'd'drsIos<otocs.oo tO to tO tO sOO sO SO OON ts fs js, js. 'OO'O'OOsrtOO^OOOsO'qcqsqiqq dddadcSdrMrddtddooocM^frs; lOiOtQiO'O'O'O'O'O'O'O'OC-C'ON sO tOOOOOTfoOcoCMrhppppp ^Tj3td'dt-^OscMcd'dtdsdc^cMMj* tOtOtOtOtOtOsOsOtOsOsOsOsOsOC-- *-- CO tO CM CO tO CM tO p CM CM CM C IO od^rdtd'dt-s.'odo-^cM-dtd'd d oo --* ^tOtOtOtOtOtO'O'O'O'OsO'O'O'Ot''- sO'OOs^NOooOO^ts.rs'qeq c^cM^3di-^odO'-H<Mcd^td'd*d ^tOtOtOtOiOiO`O'OOsO'O'O'0'0 --NOOOOCMOOOO^pppC^CMCM . cd d os cm-d td id Os d cmid _ to to tO tO tO to so sO sO so sO . CM CM CM Cs- O tq CM p rslcM'dod--*CM^j*td'dodos co d* d< to to o to to to to to >o cq os *q --SSO-Hldfs-"--CO CO ^ to to CO --' --i sd --s id coco rj* Tt* fs. p --! td CO co , . . , vit! MCQc- iOiOO'tNQN^'OOOON't'OoOOOOWOgOO fOtO^'-^to*otoS'O'O,O'Ors.rs.i>-r^rs.00C000O'<?'OO^Oj 181 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 O fO OO 88 OON`0'*}' OO^niotJ' o^iocof 'COlflNNNNNPjH Qi >oi^o6r^dN^<io^d r>t-- t- oo oo oo oo oo O' 2 OOrsioO'tiofoO'O'-i ftId n ^ o n oo o cm.tJ* in os r- r-- i--. t-- r- r-.oo oo oo oo oo D H 2 id cocN>0'00>o>oNio^nooo ' ''0d'o0'oodroNNNnN^f'd.toNdadoNoonoooo '- CONOIONp<OIOlOlOUTO'0 ^i^F'Oocji^cNfoiONa--' '''O'O'Ot-r-r-t--r-.r-.oooooo NN'OM^IONOOONOOO'OOO Iud. ti, td - Om'^m'0'^0'o'0r'--0o\Oof'--NicNM^Mif-or-d. oooeoMo to--o * . OO^IOON'OCO --NCOMNNOOOvO r-- oOtMfoioor--O'd*-i^`'do(jdwo >OIO'OVOO'0'0'ONPNNN09 00 00 Q 2 < '. .. m'dioOo'5d'O'H'Ofo'O^'uO''jOt^'Oeot--dr'--.irf-o~iro-ri-s.ro-ol^o CO Id o in cn t---h n no oj r--o m n m m rDf f*on. <ino >oomi o' n'0n'0'n0,>0o'n0"'oOl No nt-- ro-rr--to--i o06' ' H 2 Id . OfNOON^ONCOmNO^INNfOr-P^lOni^O<ldOoiOoQiOO-<'O<s'O^'iOnNOo'Odd'OctN-t-to-NotN^ . a, S IHd. `n co rn o n o <n oo o mr--oo o n Omcif^lij'n^^'otrn--mO'sO-d'cONT'Oninosoo'i--OoOsto-iNio-ro- NOOOqtO-JNlooOMf<)'0(SlO-<00 ^T2f'2tmD}i^^i5^ui'>nt"i'`o'Oc'O5^'Or'>O^'Ol/>'*O'',*0O'CNMiT-j.i H Id m*ninioiqmocM'0'0 in m o t^O^<'p^O<'n^f>Ooiioo.iyoD<cod'0o'^0'c'0N'0ro\0io'OooOscN'i . - Q 2 ^cTs^f^^^ior'uiTii^oNvOnrm^oiosOQcOsOrn'-O^fOin'oO^ ' < oocn*ninT**minr-rj<r-ocnfsJ > oS ' t*s)c^M^i,n^oidni/c)Mmmionwr-->oiooOo'-0h'i0n . Q r--moN^^cor--oocmoqo 2 OnOni^i-I^i/>^o^oioovioHfm^i/>ni-ni6 - Id Id NlONOi'O'O 1 *" ~---------------------------------- H m-! oon r**-3* ^^5 i-T oTsf . . ' ;. . Iad 32.2 31.7 36.9 37.7 41.6 O2 < Id >. a a. m nn^rjMovxoo'OO'O'O'OboNoNCNr^-,r'.r.oooooomo'o0ooon'OOO*n^oNo : 182 T A B L E 99: R E LA T IO N BETW EEN D R Y A N D W E T BULB TEM PER ATU R ES A N D E F F E C T IV E -T E M P E R A T U R E FOR 200 FT. A IR V E LO C IT Y ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 , .. . ' Wet B u lb Temperature :` 100 m o o o< m oo o oo n r-- r-- cm o oo NO VO NO 3 CM NO s oo m o n m CM m O' T* m Tf o T* m m o m m CM 3 2 .2 3 7 .4 - ... -------- ---------------------------------------------- -- " ON'J'W 883S r-1-- r-- o O m id in no oo Os O' On O' On ONOiONO oo Os o -h c-i in OO oo Os On O' Os . '' . --I cn in no oo On cm' oo oo oo oo oo oo O' in cm m m r--m m o oo t}< o oi- Nf >o r-O' r-r--r-r--oooooooooo o6d-HfO'dr^o*-^locc >Or--r--r--.r--*--r--oooooooo -- r-- moinmt-- o^r-- ooO't nt--OvOcMcnNOodocMinr-- <o so >o t--t--t--r-1--oo oo oo oo . Or-mO^^OONOO-HfO^; ' n't'O0QON^noi>dc4it'O 'O'O'O'O'Or-t--r--r--oooooooo ' oooooocn-^min-HeMONcn'Or-c'O ;wn*dtso6d<s^'00''-no n nO no no O no r-- r-- r r-- r* oo oo oo ~ t--' oo oo O'm m n in m ^ cm p m cm > sOooOcM-^'Or--O'-^'n'Ood^rnm in in no .>o 'O sO so 'O r-- r-- r-- r-- oo oo oo r--OOCMcninoor'-incoinrnr--in.O coNOooocMcrjinNOodocMinooocMin in in in no no no mo no nO r-- r-- r-- r-- oo oo oo " V. 3 --mm^mmOoo cm o m cm oo m cm cJrninr-- os-3cn^NOoocMmr-- cm lotnminin'O'O'O'O'Or-t--r-r--oooo " -V ini^r-Ococoi^'tOioio'OOo^ooq t-J O cm m' sd oo" O c-J 'S* n r-- on --< r-- O' cm in in in in <n o 'O 'O 'O 'O no r-- t-- r-- r-- oo _ ^.fs)inm^<n'-`oo`o'^*-<ooioeiq^ . t-- cm ^ no oo -< m in r- on -h ^ no On . ^innnmm'0'0'NO''f-r-rr- m^.-it--noinoqr-int-- r* r-i d ci ^ d *- n nO O' -- Tf o i/) io in in mmO'OO'O'Or-r-t-- ' . ^or-O'ONO'onO'tcNt^co'On '+r^ONs->rninr^O'---CM^'O0O'-H'^ ^^^junminminNO'O'O'O'O^c- cMO'-^<r-rf>CM<r>cMfnpNOoo'Or-in inONT4*NOON^cninr--O'c'icn'0oo*-i ro^^^Tj,ioinininm'0'00'0'Oi-' m tn in p co oo t- ^ t- no o t-- in*ii3'doN^<,0'^'ood-Hpn'Ooo f^^4Tj<t},ioininioin'0'0'0'0'0 - r-- oo *-t cm m 'O no m n in cm cm *n oo n no oo cm no cd -i cn cMco^'TTt'^mmininm'O'O'O ' IOW5M01CM^`0^^ no no oo cm th , ' moO'tO'-O . 'H'bp't'bcc mm *d* 'T 1 . ' . -, ' oininTfr-csi^"Ooo cm ^ no.oo Sf>'^TfioifiioS,OOlOOr>i-1'- C-- t-- oOQOCOOnO'OO--;c- D ry Bulb e m p .T 183 T A B L E 100. R E LA T IO N BETW EEN D R Y A N D W E T BULB TEM PER ATU R ES A N D E F F E C T IV E T E M P E R A T U R E FOR 300 FT. A IR V E LO C IT Y Wet B ulb Temperature D ry B u lb T bmp. Tvrrr^ ;j7 .vr* American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 1 0 0 .2 1 0 0 .8 1 0 1 .4 1 0 2 .8 001 10 O' O' to 00 00 c-- t-. CM ' r- I 00 VO 'O VO 3 N VO 8 00 IO V 3 "5 V g E-. > m vO iO T} to CM to O' T* 10 s to fO CO to CM 35.7 Tl* ro CO Ov O'tiO'ON O' O' O' O' - cm, 00 to O OO O' O CN't 00 00 00 Ch O'O' - -- O' 0* 00 o t0 ^ cd id O' -n 06 00 00 00 00 00 O' CM ** CO 00 --II^N cm r* d 06 cd id d os *>-1** t-- r-.oooooooooo cm--*-Ht'r*r-oq'' 00 cm rj* d oscd to 06 'r-i-t-*t-.c>.oooooooo '00'co*-*oro^^,t-*tnt* cM^'dodcM'tdodcM*r}fr^ 'O'O'O'Oc^r-r-C'-oooooOoo O0000't^^'0'0''0^000'-H d-^rdidr^ov--<-3,*r'^0'CMcdt'^ t0'0'0'0'0'0t^-s*c-l^00 00 00 cmooOj>^-^--oqc^cM^co'O vdoo--<cd,t"vdc'--`fd'OO'-Hfd'd . toto'O'O'OvO'Ot^-c-r^r-oooOoo -^OJCMCOCMOJCO^CM00000 cd d 00 cm td 00 cd d 00 cm to tot00^'0'0'0v0t^.c*c>*.c-00 00 00 O00CMt-*00t'';'O*-^00C?>vO'^,OeM^--f-- cMtdr--`o' -- cdtdc^O'CMtdodcM*id vo'otO'O'O'O'O'OvOvor^c^.r^oocooo OOvco-h--*oo--<roov-*oooq v O' CM to O' cd ^ O' CM rj* O' * ^^umo'ovi'O'O'O'O'ONNr'p'OO toc^-r~'Otor-~c-'OPO--^'Ooort,^'pcMcO cd'dO'CMTt'doddcMrf'doo-- r#* o to to to v v 'O 'O t-- t- r* c- O0 . ^ CN'O'OcOOO--OCMOO'OOOnOOlOOO ddoid 'tf'doo--Icd'dod--'rjl'dod 'OOOTJ!--OOj0'OOtOCMt-;0'^'0 cd'dd-Mcd'dt-.'O'--<cdtdt^cd'd Mi't^'tiOiO'OlOiG'O'O'O'OC'^^ r-Ojooco^ot^.to^oq-<io--N tdcd'dov-^cdtdt-^v--c4tdt^cd 0v^,^^l'00`0i0t0'0'0'0'0ls*c* CO CO O } CM v CM --t OO CO O* 00 ,d^cd'dod--cdtdt^O'dcM^r4o' corO'^x^^Tt'toioiOiOtO'O'O'O'O'O _ cm --p cmooojOjoocococo ^'d-5cd'dodcdd'do6cM^'d COCO^^'M'^tOlOtOtoiOvO'O'O'O _ tO^Tfp^OC-l^OOtO^-Occm -< <d to 00 cm M* t 06 -- COCOTt,^T'S,TttOiOtOiOtO'0'0 ' 33.5 37.9 41.7 44.0 46.0 48.1 50.1 52.1 54.1 OOCMOj--. M* id ~ * CO CO ^ cotcOoot*Otjio^t*0i0-l'0C'0M,0^*'0'0'000t^-Cr~Mc'^^r''-0r-0o0ooCoOoo'0O'OtO' tO--< cm T A B L E 101. R E LA T IO N BETW EEN. D R Y A N D W E T BU LB TE M P E R A TU R E S A N D E F F E C T IV E T E M P E R A T U R E FOR 800 FT. A IR V E LO C IT Y American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 8 8008 CO to O- 0\ cMcd-M*'d*'^ O' O' O' O' O' VO fO v -- Wet B ulb Temperature . r- oO CO OO OO O' CNOOOlO'-- O'O'Dr^r^r-oOoococo O VO O O' VO co OO r- cm C-. 4/5 c-* 00 00 00 IC^O'OOOOn'OCN -- OOCN - r-* 00 00 00 ^ < to --> co to "O -- co c--_ -n^'OOv--*d'doof4ocd--* co vO vo vo >o i- f' 00 00 co NOC0r^0000O''O"r^Op'OC0r^ -iJ-*iiO^ioOoiGoiQG^'cOs'Oio'Oo/oOX-CHu*"-ic0r**"6-od0g0cc0s0s0oo0 OOO'^OfOfO'^-^'OCOv^vO*-^ CO } ^4l^^ido^iOoiO/)'o0d'5Nvi3O0r^i0dr^*Mr^-^r*>O* 00N0I0O00 --\h o oo oo cm T-* O Ovr-.^CN^oqO;*o M'r^cdtdod*2^ft^p'd,*0';io ^f^J`-^ioioioioM5'''t--f** r**r- 0000 OONO'l/)0'0'OCO't^`v;0;^^; ^*d f^Tj,^,Tj,t0i0v0L0V0'0'0'0'0r-- *>t--00 "to 00 'O O' O' *0' "CMCO--^OOrotO tP fdt^-4-tf^CMidr';'~-cd'OqvcO'0 O2?n x r-cDOOO'fOCOCNOOoOTtO-J'^P ^5o6c*j,o*s-dcsi^*^*0'C?d'og'C^'0 oro--`io <N4'Ocoqoq'opr^-coo4 ^tdO'CM`dodcM^'dodc>*2`,2&! f^rJ^OP-r<:0--TfiOT>,iorr)0\fOfn co'cOOro'c*3***"tfo,o-^6,iOciOvii'Oj'L'dOoidOvcOs'io0o'o0 ^ P~csrT"vbo c--o<cvod^QctM#'*id*'Mcd,*oCioMi-O*l''oQ`odcM'id O00'O^^nOON'h.On f m 10 io io wi`O QH4'Mt0O'OOO 0C'MM<*OocoO~-M*c'Md,d',3o''dMC`'>OciMO ' . ta tu Bt-S Q|2 185 %v. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 100 100.7 101.5 102.6 103.7 >H' U S H OUOZ. W OZ 3' oMf Q Z. < O. (2 I3mII H< D ry B u lb T emp. to O' o o> to oo 00 l> t^ T* t- CN ro-- 00 o vO VO CoN s oo to VO to to C-J VO O Tf to , s o TO o TO tCoN , .' to to r-- t-. cvi to o ' Ov Ot O' O' O' o <o to o to cvi to r--" O' "S' oo oo oo c o* o> t'- to <NJ f- --1 Tt< ^ to o --" to o oo --< e--t-oo oo oo oo O' o o n to ^ '0'0r^rt>.o0o0oooo OvO wr^O'OO^OC^TO V ' r^O'C'itoodfSto'o'C'iiooo ^ lOtOvO'O'Or^t--f-^cooooo to-^O'OToOO'O'Or- to to rd 'O Cv rf* t'-" O" 00 -- r-.' totot0'0'0'0r-r>r^ooo00o OTO^*u^oO'0*>,;^sIO,^t-iO O'd'doodd'dddod-H'd'd . toV) tO'O'O'OT'NNOOOOOO .. .- O'O'--j'OTOTjJTOr^oO'OsOOCNO d O'to to oo q to o O'to to >d ' ^l,#tOtO00'0'0'ONr000000- .. pOOjO'tOrOONtOTO'J'tbO'O r4 d O'to td oo o to d O'to r>^ o cn d ^"^'OiOioO'0'0'OTwtwOO00 TO to to OO TO VO 00 vO o O O TO o - oo vd Ov oi td O'cn td oo to o d TO*=i,'*,^,totoOiO'0'Odr-- r-oooooo V. . `OOO'oats'-ivfsO^OrtNoOiOO ov to vd O'rj td O'ev* d oo e4 <d o oi TOfO't'tvftOiOiOiO'O'OvOtvl^t^CC 6 - .. . t/l,tr^TOOvO'qO'OrO'--'OrqtO'OCNr^ td O'to d o e^ ^ ovcn ^ oo e4 d ov -i tNrocoTf,'t`OiOir)<iO'0'0'Ot^f-t^oo `ON^NNOtONOOOf'tOOOTOtv d to rs rt* d O'^5 oo oi d oo to to o to to to to d > e *t- ' . . . ,. . vj<coqoo^O`0'ONoo'OONCNO Ovcnt--'-HTfr-^desiw3*sdod^T}*r-^oid CNTOTO'tvf'tlOiOlOlOiO'OO'Ot^b' . . .. . O TO VO Ov VO ^ VO to VO to O f- O -- ej-od'>-i'^'r^doio'dod^"T}'r^fvi TO TO CO ^ ^ ^ IO IA to to to O N ' .. . CJOOOOTO^NOfOTO^'vi'TOf-N .. td-Hidovr^tdt^drsrt'dod^Tdr-.' . MTOToro^'t^'iointoioto'O'O'O ' .' qto-NNNqONNONO^ dfsdoieitdoodei^'dod^Td C'J-TO TO TO ^ ^4* t/> to o to to VO vO TOopTOtoOpppppCMOO r-~Tdt-^dTo`vor-dr'ifdd CSTOTOTt'Tt'tJ*. ^tototototo - , CN O' TO 04 CN VO O' td oo to d . esTOTo^^^^ ' TjnotNto --I Ov ^ to to to O' OtflQwiOTftsQN^'OXON'fOWO'O'OOtOO'flOO fOf0^xJ"^tOtO'5'0'CO'Or>T'r'fiKooOOlO'OvOC-fS 186 Chapter XIX AIR WASHERS AND FILTERS HE cleansing of air for ventilation purposes is a very important Tphase of the art and is accomplished by two different means; washing . and filtering. Both methods cleanse the air of solid of: liquid matter in the form of dust or spray, while in addition the washer cleanses the air of soluble gases and vapors, and hence of many objectionable odors. - Air filters are distinguished from air washers in that they clean the air without the use of water or the addition of water vapor. They are of two types (1) the viscous filter depending upon the dirt impinging on surface covered with a viscous fluid or oil; (2) the true,,dry filter type which removes the dirt from the air by passing it through cloth or felt screens, the openings in which are to small to allow the passage of dirt. TYPES OF AIR WASHERS The washing of air is done by passing it over a large surface area of water which is accomplished in the various types of washers; (1) by pas sing it through a fine spray of water; (2) by passing it over wet surfaces; (3) by passing it both through a spray and over wet surfaces. After the air is washed it is freed from entrained water. When air is cleansed by washing its humidity or moisture content is usually changed. In passing through the water spray or over the wet surfaces both the dry and wet bulb temperature of the air approaches that of the water at which temperature the air tends to become saturated. The moisture content of the air may, therefore, be controlled by control ling the water temperature. By using water at a very low temperature the washer becomes a dehumidifier or by heating the water the air may be humidified. By raising the dry bulb temperature of the air after leav ing the washer its relative humidity may also.be controlled. The humidi- tying efficiency of any air washer may be given- as . Final wet bulb depression Initial wet bulb depression for example: With an initial wet bulb depression of 20 deg. and the final wet bulb depression of 6 deg., the humidfying efficiency is 6 deg. E=1 -- = 0.70 20 deg. Material for this section was especially prepared for The Guide by W. H. Carrier, Newark. N. J. 187 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONTROL Air washers require method of control of temperature to prevent freez ing by too low temperature and of overhumidification by too high temperatures of the air entering and leaving the washer. There is avail able one method of hand control and five methods of automatic or semi automatic control. The method of hand control is by tempering coils divided into two or more sections in series; the outer coil being turned on by hand whenever the outside temperature approaches freezing; the successive coils being turned on as the temperature drops below freezing. Where two sections are available it is usual to turn on the second section when the outside temperature goes below zero, and the third section, where provided, at temperatures below zero. The first, or outside section, must, always be turned on full for all temperatures to prevent freezing of the coils. The steam supply to the second, or inside section, may be hand regulated at all temperatures above 10 deg. above zero. The five systems of automatic regulation are: 1. Substitution of automatic regulation for hand regulation and operated in a . similar manner; the coils being controlled both by variations in the outside tem perature conditions and also by an auxiliary control for one inside coil from a thermostat located on the discharge side of the air washer. (It is not possible to control the temperature of the air entering the washer except where there is an unusually long tunnel or duct for the thorough mixture of the air leaving the tempering coils before coming in contact with the thermostat.) 2. , ' ' By heating the spray water so as to maintain a temperature or dew point (as the air is then saturated), between 35 and 40 deg. of the air leaving the washer. This method does not necessarily require a tempering coil, it is preferable, however, to use one tempering coil for the purpose of tempering the air should the washer be shut down and prevent freezing of the water when the apparatus is not in operation. More than one tempering coil should never be used except where temperatures may go considerably below zero, then the tempering coils may be turned on, one at 20 deg. fahr. and the second at 0 deg. fahr. The tempering coil may be operated manually or by a thermostat connected with the outside air. The steam supply for water heating should be sufficient to heat and saturate the air from 10 to 35 deg. fahr., when water heating is used in conjunction with a tempering coil. This is to allow for sufficient margin for safety of operation. The steam requirements for this are given laiter. . 3. By regulating the heat supplied either through tempering coils or through the spray water so that the water in the tank shall be kept well above the freezing point. Inasmuch as the wet bulb temperature of the air and the water in the tank are but few degrees apart when the water in the tank is not heated directly,. it is a fairly effective and simple control. One permissible variation of this method is to use a thermostat in the air leaving the washer controlling the dry bulb temperatures at this point through regulation of the steam supply to the inside tempering coil. The wet bulb temperature of the air is controlled by means of water leaving the eliminator plates and is held at the desired point by means of adding heat to the spray water. This will control exactly the tempera ture and relative humidity of the leaving air. Two or more tempering coils are required for this method. -. 4. The fourth method is desirable where recirculation is used and consists in main taining the temperature leaving the washer at about 40 deg. by means of a thermostat located at this point and controlling the admixture of fresh andreturn air through automatically operated dampers. This effectively prevents over humidification and also danger of freezing and prevents the highest economy in cost in ventilation as no steam is required for either tempering or humidifying except after the air has passed the washer. 188 , American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 5. The fifth method of automatic control is to reheat the air leaving the air washer to a definite thermostatic controlled temperature and to control the relative humidity of the air by means of a hygrostat which operates either on the tem pering coils to heat the air or to heat the spray water through a water heater. - STEAM REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR WASHERS AND FOR HUMIDIFICATION / Where the spray water is not heated it is necessary that the wet bulb temperature of the incoming air be above the freezing point otherwise the eliminator plates will coat with ice and stop up even if the dry bulb temperature of the leaving air is above freezing point. It is necessary to heat zero air to 48 deg. in order that the wet bulb temperature may be 35 deg. The temperature of the leaving air may then be expected to be approximately 39 deg. dry bulb and 35 deg. wet bulb with a dew point of 31 deg. The additional heat required due to humidification is that indicated by the temperature drop of 9 deg. or 162 B.t.u. per 100 cu. ft. of air, or 1 b.h.p., for every 3400 cu. ft. of air per min. These are the minimum requirements' for humidication above that required for heating the air. The following Table 103 gives the heat required from various outside entering wet bulb temperatures to various dew points tempera tures corresponding to a relative humidity of 70 deg. ' TABLE 103. heat required from various outside entering wet . bulb tem peratures to VARIOUS DEW POINT TEMPERATURES CORRESPONDING TO A RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF 70 DEG. See Mark's Engineers Handbook. op Entering Air. Dec. Fahr. -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Relative Humidity, Per Cent at 70 Dec. Fahr. (and Dew Point, Dec. Fahr.) 30% (37.25) 40% (44.5) 60% (50.5) 60% (55.3) 70% (59.6) 80% (63.5) 1194 984 750 510 300 1452 1246 1025 779 496 178 -- 1653 1447 1228 983 700 384 ----- I860 1663 1445 1200 920 603 ' 220 . 2044 1840 1621' 1377 1097 783 394 2245 2039 1822 1581 1300 987. 619 181 These values are for the total heat required for both heating and humidifying the air. The amount of heat required for humidfying only may be found by subtracting from the values given the heat required to raise the temperature of 1000 cu. ft. of air per min. between the limits specified. The heat required for heating the air is given by the formula H = 1000 55.5 DUST REMOVAL - The comparative efficiency of various air cleaning devices, on the basis of dust removal can be determined by means of standardized tests operated at rated capacities and when handling air at a definite standard ' 189 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 with respect to quantity and quality of dirt content. The determination of the cleaning efficiency may be made according to some standard method such as that described by A. M. Goodloe, member, A. S. H. & V. E. in the February 1924, Journal. The. percentage of dust removal as determined by the method of testing for all commercial air cleaning devices should lie between 80 and 95 per cent and the minimum removal under such conditions should be specified and guaranteed by the manu facturer. The efficiency of dust removal may be expressed by the following formulae : v . . :: ... E = 1 -- We`ght any sample leaving , Weight any sample entering . In case the resistance method is used in accordance with the AndersonArmspach inethod of dust determination, the formula will become Time required to give" a definite resistance increment with entering sample Time required to give the same increment with leaving sample or, if the same Time be used in obtaining both samples, which is preferable then ^ ^ __ The resistance increment 'of outgoing sample The resistance increment of ingoing sample RATING OF AIR WASHERS AND FILTERS Air washers and filters are rated as follows: . 1. --Capacity in cubic feet of air handled per minute. ' 2.--Resistance in inches of water which the washer or filter offers to the flow of air at its rated capacity. , 3.--Percentage of dust removal at its rated capacity. 4.--Percentage of entrained moisture remaining in the air after passing through the washer while operated at its rated capacity. 5.ji-If considered as a humidifying agent, the humidfying efficiency, or the percentage of reduction in the initial wet bulb depression without external alteration of heating the circulating water. . : : 190 Chapter XX AIR CONDITIONING INTRODUCTION IT seems that the logical exposition of this subject is the one which most clearly can show the attitude of those expert in it. Like all of the sciences, of which this is surely one, it is made up in its entirety of two parts: the first, which is the basis of course, is composed of the fundamental principles and laws, the mathematics, graphs and tables; the second, is the application of the science to industry, which constitutes, its reason for existing. It has been demonstrated so many times that the science of air conditioning has many ramifications^ each of which has its governing law possible of explanation and mathematically reducible to visible and (to the initiated) easily legible chart and table. The development of each of such underlying principles may be made the'sub ject of an article such as this, and at its conclusion the reader will know-- only .that single phase. The subject should, however, as far as general, interest is concerned, be developed from the second rather than the, first: of the divisions of the science; that is, from its economic side. Only in this way can a general survey .be made and an understanding of the value to industry be obtained; RANKS AS AN IMPORTANT : INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE . It may be well to point out here, how essentially an industrial science air conditioning is; being recognized by, and having its great usefulness,, through its effects--and not through the means ..whereby such effects; are obtained. So the expert, knowing the principles and the apparatus, and having the background of industrial experience, solves each problem as it is presented, not as a new engineering development painstakingly to be worked out step by step, but surely and accurately--secure in the knowledge that such a treatment of air must, and unfailingly will, produce such an effect upon the material or process under consideration. In the face of such sureness of effect, what interest attaches to the means used, in comparison? For it is as true as in manufacturing, in the final analysis, that the finished product is the thing; the ultimate purchaser does not care what the raw materials, or what the process through which they travel. So in this case, not even the delivered manufactured air is the goal, but only the materials and the processes as they are changed, modified or varied, by the primary effects of the controlled climate or weather by which they are surrounded. , Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide by A. M. Lissauer, Louisville. Ky. 191 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 DEFINITION OF AIR CONDITIONING It would seem, therefore, that a logical definition for air conditioning from this standpoint, to act as a foundation for further enlargement on the subject, would be as follows: The obtaining of pre-delermined effects upon material, persons or air in an enclosure, by treating them with at mospheric air whose temperature, moisture content, relative humidity or purity, singly or in any combination, are under control. An analysis of this definition may indicate the real importance of this science. Prior definitions and, it may be said, the term "air conditioning" itself, deem to have circumscribed and clouded it. It has always been the tendency of lay engineers to assume, partially due to the name with which the science has been christened, that the ultimate object was to control the heat and moisture of air, as much for its own sake as for any other. It seems, today, that only the expert industrial conditioning engineer visualizes the subject in its broadest sense and sees the treat ment of the air as only the means to an end; he, only, realizes it to be a necessary step in a process whose object is not the functioning of a scientific toy, but a real industrial triumph measurable in dollars and cents. The manufacturer and his advisory engineers, educated as they have been on the basis of the narrower definition, for considering air conditioning, cannot be blamed when proposing it for the factory, as a luxury. Presented to them as a means of obtaining a new or a more perfect product, or of eliminating a stumbling block in the way of prog ress, the reaction is dramatically opposite, and the proposal is considered in the light of offering a necessity. How are these valuable reactions in "persons, materials and air" to be obtained? As concerns materials, and by that is meant all solids (and, in special cases, also liquids and gases) which are raw, partially finished or finished materials in industrial manufacture--consider this fact; with few exceptions they all, depending upon the physical characteristics of the surrounding air, vary in moisture content. Furthermore, this variation and moisture content has a specific effect upon the appearance, weight, texture, conductivity, strength and workability of the material. Taking these two facts together then, it is evident that one who knows their interrelation as applying to each specific material, can, by a change in the atmosphere, mold and shape the physical character of the material at will. Such a phenomenon can be understood when a comprehension of the basic principle of the industrial phase of air conditioning is obtained.The law is, that the moisture in the air, varying with its concentration (practically independently of its temperature) exerts a definite pressure; also, that the moisture content in a material exerts a measurable pressure, varying with its concentration and the temperature of the material. When a material is fully immersed in air, there is an immediate tendency for the vapor pressure to equalize; if that of the material is lower, mois ture will flow into it--if higher, moisture will flow out of it, until, if time is given, a..balance is arrived at. Now, therefore, if the surrounding air is held at a given vapor pressure and temperature, a predetermined moisture content of the material is the inevitable result. The time element enters into this as into all processes, also an unbelievably great background of experimentation; but the basic principle remains simple 192 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 and understandable. Relative humidity, that one term besides tempera ture which is known to the reading public, is the only measurable con dition of the atmosphere, which, being controlled, in turns governs both essentials--absolute moisture and temperature. The fact that there are several different ways of controlling this relative humidity, while inter esting to the specialist, is not essential information as far as this exposition is concerned. In general, as regards people, the phenomena of heating, cooling, high or low relative humidity and purity of air in which they live, have been throughly investigated and the results to date cataloged. The increase in efficiency of workers in an atmosphere of moderate temperature and humidity, over that in extreme heat, cold and moisture. Fig. 64. Air Conditioning Plant in California Theater the decrease in sickness and absenteeism, when the workroom atmosphere is pure and fresh, are too well known to require more than mention here. Every one has, on himself, noted the effects of the extremes of the seasons and needs no more than a reminder to recall them. A committee of this Society, and several distinguished members, have presented reports and papers on the subject--figures are available for proof that comfort of workers is a practical consideration in industry, showing monetary dividends, whether the conditioning is primarily for the workers' benefit or has these advantages to add as a by-product to those arising from an installation made for other purposes. The effect on air, other than that which has undergone specific treat ment, may be taken to be the third important function of air condition ing, either when considered alone or in combination with the hydro metric treatment of materials. Any drying system in which the.drying air is recirculated and mixed continuously with air pretreated for the 193 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 purpose of controlling its physical characteristics comes under this classification. Who has not seen, or at least heard, of the steam filled rooms in drying establishments, paper and textile mills, whose atmosphere is cleared by the introduction of volumes of air pretreated to dissolve the clouds of free vapor. Such effects cannot be produced economically and surely by rule of thumb methods. It is true that such a broad field claimed for air conditioning may, be the subject of criticism from general heating and ventilating engineers, those to whom custom has given jurisdiction over steamfitting and plumb ing as well as the ventilation, as such, of dwellings, schools and theaters. It would seem, however, that engineers whose lives are devoted to the discovery and application, scientifically, of the basic principles of psychrometry, whose elaborate and skillfully trained organizations of specialists have no other reason for existing than the design and building of apparatus assemblies for clothing in material form the results of their accurate calculations, and whose whole wide experience makes possible the only logical basis for selling--the guaranteeing of results, unques tionably should be the ones to include in their field any types of air systems which include air treatments as defined heretofore. No vapor absorption or drying installation, no evaporative cooling or water spray air cleansing system, can be dignified as an air engineering problem until the same meticulous care and attention to detail are devoted to them, as to what has heretofore been considered true air conditioning. Now, having set forth the bill of particulars establishing air condition ing as a science embracing a great field, it might be interesting to make a rapid survey of some of the high spots which may act as beacons to those whose interest in the subject is not wholly academic. AIR CONDITIONING IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY Strange to say, that industry which today is, as a whole,, the most enthusiastic subscriber to the benefits which air conditioning offers, was the first to realize them and to take steps to secure, crudely, it is true, at the time, all the good that climate could offer. The textile industry, founded and carefully developed in the most consistently damp and even temperatured parts of the British Isles, prospered and became famous to a great extent because of the uniformity of quality of product. This high quality and its practically unvarying standard was to tio small extent due to climatic conditions, as they influenced the moisture regain of the material in process. Even there, however, at some seasons the natural moisture was not sufficient or the natural temperature too high. Quickly the maufacturers seized upon and put into effect weird and wonderful schemes, from drenching floors to steam jets and water pans, with which to let them muddle through. The American manufacturer, however, far more progressive, is not tied down to locality in order to secure an approximately ideal and equable climate; other and now more important considerations may be made paramount, and the desired product of uniform standard every day is secured by air conditioning. It may, today, be stated almost as an axiom that the modern progressive 194 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 textile mill in this country would about as soon leave off its roof as to omit its air conditioning equipment. Humidifying as a study necessarily was developed first, as the textile field offered the most fertile and profitable ground for this work; sub sequently followed such other industries as that of printing and litho graphing, where constant regain meant constant paper stretch and per fect registering of multicolor impressions. Consider how the addition and regulation of moisture in air has affected the manufacturer of maca roni, the oxidation of paint and varnish coats in the automobile, fur niture and piano industries, the perfecting of the bread we eat and the milling of the flour from which it is made, the enamelware field, and the innumerable scientific drying processes for handling materials from garb age to bricks. All of these and many more have their individual problem, thought unsolvable until the adaptation of manufactured weather proved science again able to do the impossible. : Sometimes the summer weather or its equivalent in the factory is the stunibling block--high temperatures, high humidities, excessive regains. However, if weather is at fault, then in its controlled state it can be made to undo its harmful work. So developed dehumidifying: the abstraction of excess moisture from air, fitting it to reduce the moisture contents of material, when put to work at moderate temperatures. In other words, reducing the moisture contents of the air so far that its vapor pressure would be lower than that of the material exposed to it, even though the temperature of that material were lower than the ordinary seasonal tem perature. Take hard candy, for instance. This cooked sugar, in an amorphous state, cooling in the usual summer weather, absorbs water just like any other material; given enough time, the clear, hard, compact mass forms a solid solution with the absorbed water, and the sugar slowly but surely crystalizes out as it was before the cooking. Cool the same 195 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 candy in air deprived of its excess vapor and winter time quality is ob tained. Many other processes in the candy factory--the chocolate dip ping and packing, the starch and storage rooms, gain by the use of cold, dry air. DEHUMIDIFYING As with its ally, humidifying, dehumidifying serves a long list of indus tries. The bakery, for the unvarying temperatures in its dough rooms, the cooling of the loaves, the cooling of mixers, the drying of biscuit with confectionary coatings, the chilling of storage rooms, needs air condition ing to insure mass quality production. The manufacturers of artificial silk and pearls would be at a standstill without dehumidified air, the motion picture film and photographic paper industries would be shut down a third of the year without it. The drying of fine gelatin, the sum mer growth of mushrooms, the year-round production of yeast, the storage of furs moth-free, the wartime products of time-fuses and air plane parts, the making of rubber gloves and automobile tires, the drying and handling of matches, are a few among the notable dependents of this science. To this list can be added dozens more, each reader being able to recognize some. The test is: when the products or processes due to the weather, on any day or during any season, are not up to standard, the need for air conditioning is established. The science has been carried in some few cases even beyond the service of specific processes in certain industries. Even Nature has been assisted; witness the infant incubators; note also the methods developed by the specialists for crowding into successive units of time, the sequence of ideal conditions so often interrupted in Nature as to take months and years for completion of the natural processes. Such refining of process has been worked out successfully for such widely separated items as the curing of tobacco and the drying of lumber. The effects of manufactured weather, eliminating the interruptions of Nature, has opened such a broad field that by comparison the one heretofore claimed.for this science is almost infinitesimal. So we have defined the term and have illustrated its meaning as we understand it. If an idea of the immense usefulness of this science to industry has been given, and if an understanding that it can only be scientifically applied by the specialist qualified by study, research and experience, has been obtained, then the object of this article has been fully accomplished. 196 Chapter XXI DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AIR DUCTS HE successful operation of a mechanical or plenum heating installa Ttion, an exhaust system or a dust collecting plant is largely dependent upon the correct design of the duct system. Materials, proportions, friction, location and innumerable other items are factors in the correct operation of a duct system. In the design of ducts and flues for the mechanical circulation of air, or by gravity, losses due to friction are the basis for figuring and these losses must be kept within the available pressure difference. This pres sure difference in mechanical ventilation is that derived from the fan while iii gravity ventilation it is the asperating effect due to the tempera ture and height of the column of heated air. : When attempting the design of a duct system the general rules to remember are: 1. The air should be conveyed as directly as possible at reasonable velocities to obtain the result desired with greatest economy of power, material and space. 2. Sharp elbows and bends are to be avoided. 3. All ducts or flues shall have sides as nearly equal in' size as possible. (In no case shall the ratio between long and short sides be greater than 10 to 1.) The piping systems for various operations must be of different design. For instance, the ducts, for a school, theatre or other public buildings, where freedom from noise and elimination of drafts is essential and where branch ducts serve individual rooms, is a much different problem in design than that involved in proportioning ducts intended for heating a factory, where a main duct of decreasing dimensions extends lengthwise of the building and gives a uniform distribution of air. For public buildings air velocities must, therefore, be kept low between 900 and 1200 ft. per minute while in industrial buildings they can range from 1500 to 2000 ft. per minute or even more with no other disadvantage than expensive operation. Standard velocities of air in public buildings are as follows: 1. Through the outside air intakes 1,000 ft. per min. 2. Through connections to and from heater 1,000 to 1,200 ft. per min. 3. Through the main discharge duct from 900 to 1,200 ft. per min. 4. In branch ducts 700 to 900 and vertical flues 400 to 600 ft. per min. 5. In registers or grilles 200 to 400 ft. per min. depending upon the size and location. 6. If diffusers of proper design are used, 25 per cent higher air velocities may be permitted. ' Material for this section was especially prepared for Thb Guide by F. R. Still. New York. 197 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 104. CORRESPONDING PRESSURES AND VELOCITIES OF DRY AIR AT 70 DEG. AND 29.92 IN. BAROMETER Inches of Water 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.25 . 0.30 0.40 0.43 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.87 0.90 1.00 1.25 1.30 1.50 1.73 1.75 2.00 2.17 2.25 2.50 2.60 2.75 3.00 3.03 , 3.25 3.47 3.50 3.75 3.90 4.00 4.25 . 4.34 .4.50 ' 4.75 Ounces per Sq. In. 0.0289 0.577 0.1154 0.1443 0.1730 0.2308 0.2500 0.2884 0.3460 0.4037 0.4326 0.4614 0.5000 0.5190 0.5768 0.7209 0.7500 0.8650 1.0000 1.0092 1.1535 1.2500. 1.2975 1.4418 1.5000 1.5860 - 1.7300 1.7500 1.8740 : 2.0000 2.0185 . 2.1630 2.2500 2.3070 2.4510 2.5000 2.5950 2.7395 . Velocity Ft. per Min. 896 1266 1791 2003 2193 2533 2637 2832 3102 . 3351 3468 3582 3729 3800 4005 4478 4566 4905 5273 5298 ' 5664 5895 6007 6332 6457 6641 6937 6976 7220 7457 7492 7756 7910 8010 8256 8337 8496 8729 . Inches of Water 4.77 5.00 5.20 5.50 6.00 6.07 6.50 6.94 .7.00 7.50 7.80 8.00 8.67' 9.00 9.54 10.00 10.40 11.00 11.27 12.00 12.14 13.00 13.87 14.00 15.00 15.61 16.00 17.00 17.34 18.00 19.00 19.07 20.00 20.81 . 22.54 24.28 26.01 27.74 , Ounces per Sq. In. 2.750 2.884 3.000 3.172 3.460 3.500 3.749 4.000 4.037 4.326 4.500 4.614 5.000 5.190 5.500 5.768 6.000 6.344 6.500 6.921 7.000 7.497 8.000 8.074 8.650 9.000 9.227 9.805 10.000 10.380 10.960 11.000 11.535 12.000 13.000 14-rOOO-.. 15.000 16.000 Velocity Ft. per Min. 8745 8943 9134 9392 9810 9864 10210 10545 10595 10968 11187 11328 11792 12015 12367 12665 12915 13282 13445 13875 13950 14440 14913 14985 ' . 15510 15820 16020 ' 16513 .16675 ; 16990 17456 - 17488 17910 . 18265 19012 : 19730 20420 21090 TABLE 105. CORRESPONDING VELOCITY FOR DRY AIR AT VARIOUS PRESSURES AND . TEMPERATURES AND 29.92 IN. BAROMETER PrbSSURfi Inches 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 , 1.75 2.00 2.25 Ounces ' 0.1443 0.2884 0.4326 0.5768 0.7209 0.8650 1.0092 1.1535 1.2975 50 1965 2778 3402 3929 4393 4812 5197 5556 5892 60 1986 2808 3439 3971 4440 4864 5254 5616 5956 70 100 2003. 2832 3468 4005 4478 4905 5298 5664 6007 2059 2911 . 3565 4117 4602 5042 5446 5822 6174 160 2149 3038 3720 4296 4804 5262 5683 6076 6443 300 2399 3391 4153 4796 5362 5874 6344 6783 7193 500 550 2696 3812 4668 5390 6027 ' 6602 7131 7624 8085 2895 4095 5020 5795 6470 -7100 7655 8195 8690 198 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 It is customary in proportioning ducts for heating and ventilating work to follow either of two methods: 1. Arbitrarily select sizes from assumed velocities, depending upon velocity of air at fan outlet. ' 2. Determining the velocity which will give an assumed, resistance: within fan capacity at noiseless operating speed. ' ;- ' By decreasing the velocity in main duct as air is delivered through branch outlets: (1) uniform air delivery through outlets is accomplished, (2) friction in smaller pipes is reduced, (3) portion of velocity head is converted into static pressure. . The two greatest losses in duct systems are dynamic losses and friction losses. The former are chiefly caused by changes in direction or in velo city of air flow and are expressed in pressure in inches of water gage as per Table 104. Friction losses due to friction of air against sides of ducts, vary directly as the length of the pipe, directly as the square of the velocity and in versely as the diameter. Friction is commonly expressed as equivalent pressure in inches water gage or in terms of velocity heads, (the ratio of friction loss to the theoretical pressure corresponding to the velocity in the duct). One velocity head is the pressure corresponding to the velo city of air in the duct. . For smooth round pipes the friction loss is: L-( VX . 50 D \4005/ , . '! \ .: where F = loss of pressure in inches-of water V = velocity in feet per minute L = length of pipe ' ` > .' ; ;' .* D -- diameter of pipe in feet; -- = length of pipe in diameters. If a factor of safety is thought desirable the length .45 may be used though experiments show that the friction loss is equal to one velocity head in a length varying from 40 to 60 diameters' depending upon the. smoothness of the duct. The engineer's judgment and experience should prevail in this matter. For example correction should be made for pipes with rough or uneven surfaces and in the case of brick.or concrete ducts the friction loss should be increased 25 per cent or more. ' A formula for rectangular ducts is derived in a similar manner but it will be found very convenient to use the following. chart Fig. 66. Other losses of pressure are at the entrance to the duct, through heater, air washer, etc. In ordinary practice it is usual to keep the sum of the piping losses J to and the loss through heater at less than J4 of the total pressure. The remainder is then available for producing velocity. The ideal duct system will take all factors into consideration and proportion air velocities so that the resistance will be practically equal in all ducts regardless of length. .. 199 D ia m e t e r o f P ip e C u b ic F e e t per M in u t e Fig. 66. Friction Chart HOW TO USE THE FRICTION CHART While this chart can be used to determine the friction of air which is flowing through ducts, it can also be used for determining the size of a pipe to handle a specified volume or the velocity that will be necessary. For example: 200 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 1. Assume that a volume of 20,000 cu. ft. per min. is to be discharged through a 36 in. duct. The volume is given on the right hand margin; follow along the horizontal line opposite 20,000 cu. (t. per min. until it intersects with the diagonal line sloping upward to the right which is marked 36 in. diameter of pipe. The velocity will be found to be 2,800 ft. per min., this being the other diagonal line sloping downward to the right. At this point of intersection is a vertical line giving the friction, which is indicated at the bottom of the chart as being 0.4 in. water gage per hundred feet of length. Thus if the duct is only 40 ft. long, the friction will amount to ^ ^ ~ 0.16 *n` .2 The friction of elbows varies with the radius; an elbow having a radius in the throat that is half the diameter of the pipe, will present a frictional resistance that is equivalent to a straight pipe that is 30 times its diameter. For instance a 36 in. diameter elbow having a radius of 18 in. in the throat would present as much friction as ^ ^ * stra`gbt 36 in. pipe. If the radius in the throat is equal to the diameter then the friction would only be equal to 10 diameters. If the radius is twice the diameter, the friction is only 4.3 diameters. . .v The friction of a rectangular pipe for a given velocity (not for volume) can be converted to an equivalent round pipe as follows: D < 4 WH in which 2W + 2H' W. is the width, H is the height and D is the diameter, all in inches. To find an equivalent diameter for a given volume and the same friction as a rectangular duct, proceed as follows: 0.79 SOME GENERAL INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION HINTS . 1. Ducts should be not less than 6 x 6 in. in size and made of galvanized iron or steel. 2. Angular turns should be made with elbows having a radius not less than the width or diameter of the duct. . 3. Offsets should be at an angle of 30 to 45 deg. 4. Branch ducts should make curved connection with .main duct and should have accessible dampers. 1 GAGES OF GALVANIZED IRON OR STEEL TO BE USED FOR DUCTS, FOR OUTSIDE AIR INTAKE ___________________________Heating and Ventilating,_________ _______________ Round Ducts, Diam., In. 6 to 19 20 to 29 30 to 39 40 to 49 , 50 and above . Gags 26 24. . 22 20 18 Rectangular Ducts Width. In. 4 to 18 19 to 30 31 to 60 . 61 to 118 118 and above . Gage 26 24 22 20 18 5. Rectangular ducts should have metal strap or rod supports and when over 36 in. in width should be stiffened with angle iron at 4 ft. intervals. . 6. Longitudinal seams and transverse joints should be flat and smooth inside; slip joints should be in direction of air flow. . . . 7. Access doors to ducts should be hinged.and fire dampers in supply and vent ducts should be of in. steel plate, held by fusible.link for release at 160 deg. fahr. 8.. Air intake should be screened with 1 in. mesh or less and protected from weather. 9. Final exit for exhaust ducts should be protected from; weather and placed so as not to contaminate air supply. 10. Underground ducts should be waterproofed, , drained and provided with means of access for inspection and cleaning. .. 201 Chapter XXII' HOW TO USE THE PITOT TUBE HE Committee rendered a careful report which included two tables Tand a list of references on the theory of the Pitot tube and the derivation of formulae. An extract from the.report is given below. The reading should be taken at a cross section where the pipe is straight and the flow undisturbed. This should be preferably at least 10 diameters from the fan outlet, from an elbow, or from a change in cross section in the duct. The readings should be taken over a plane at right angles to, and the tube should be pointed in a direction parallel to, the direction of the air flow. ..' - - ` . _Statrc fressure Holes notexceedingOrd/a. . Pitot Tube XT ,, .. Fig. 67. Standard Method of Using Pitot Tube. : -;The most difficult reading to take accurately in a current of air is the static pressure. The approved form of static tip shown by Fig. 67, diagram B, is the form recommended for fan-testihg work. There should be eight or more clean holes 0.02 in. in diameter', an equal number on each 6ide of a 3^-in. tube 3*3-10. thick. The most approved form of Pitot tube combines the foregoing static tip with an impact tube as shown by diagram C, by means of which total, static; or velocity pressure may be read. .: " ' "From Report:6f'Committee on Standardization of the Use of the Pitot Tube. A. S. HJ V. E Transac tionS. Vol. XX. 1914. 202 ' >' ' i I ) || r '' (; ! / American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 In making a traverse of a rectangular duct, the cross sectional area may be divided into a number of smaller rectangles and a reading taken in the center of each small rectangle. ' A round pipe should be divided into at least three concentric zones of equal area perfoot . in diameter and four readings taken on a circle drawn through the center of area of each zone or ring. That is, readings should be taken across the horizontal and vertical axis of the pipe as shown on diagram D. The location of these points from the center is shown together with the accompanying Table 106, which gives the distance from the center of the pipe to point of reading, expressed in per cent of the pipe diameter. To get exact results a small pipe-should be divided into more zones than a pipe of larger diameter, as the ratio of frictional surface to cross sectional area is greater, hence the more static pressure in proportion to the impact pressure, which correspondingly reduces the velocity pressure. The corresponding velocities for each of these readings should be determined and an average taken of all of these velocities in order to compute the air quantity. Inas much as the velocity varies as the square root of the pressure, accurate results cannot be obtained by averaging the pressure readings and taking the corresponding velocity as the average. .. . . !' . TABLE 106. PrPE TRAVERSE FOR PITOT TUBE READINGS Distance from Center of Pipe to Point of Reading in\Per Cent of Pipe Diameter No. 0? Equal Areas in Traverse No. OF Reao. INGS 1st Rj 2nd R2 3rd R3 4th R4 5th Rs 6th Rfl 7th R, 8th Rg 3 12 20.4 4 16 17.7 5 20 15.5 6 24 14.5 7 28 13.4 8 . . 32 12.5 J_____ 35.3 30.5 27.2 25.0 23.1 21.6 45.5 39.4 35.3 32.3 29.9 28.0' 46.6 41.7 38.2 35.3 33.2 47.4 43.3 40.1 37.6 - 47.9 44.3 41.5 48.2 45.1 48.4 The velocity may be determined from the velocity pressure by use of the formula. 1096.5 */-?v yw v * velocity in ft. per min. ; P = pressure in in. of water. i ' W = weight of air in lb. per cu. ft. under the existing conditions of temperature, . ; barometer and humidity. :* With dry air at 70 deg; and 29!92 in. barometer, \ty = 0.0749 whence the formula becomes . i = 4005 V P~! ; . :; With saturated air at 70 deg. and 29.92 in. barometer, W =* 0.0735 and v -- 4046 y/P. J For dry air at any temperature and pressure, TM _ 0.0028862B 1 + 0.00217587' !' 203 Fig. 68. Convenient Method of Clamping Pitot Tube for Test Fig. 69. Method of Connecting Apparatus where Static Pressure- in Duct is Below Atmosphere 204 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 For moist air: w _ 0.0028862# - 0.001088c "" 1-f 0.0021758T where B -- height of barometer in inches of mercury. T = temperature in deg. fahr. e = vapor pressure. (Source--W. H. Carrier.) Where approximate results only are desired: For circular pipe, multiply the velocity pressure taken at the center of the pipe by 0.81 or the velocity by 0.91. For rectangular pipe, no definite factor can be given, which is even approximately correct, that will cover the varying proportions of width to height of the cross sectional area of rectangular ducts. The Committee recommends the Pitot tube as a simple and convenient instrument for the measurement of air or gases, which, when used with the proper cafe and accuracy of reading, gives results with an error of less than 1J4 per cent with velocity pressure ranging from 0.1 in. upwards. DIRECTIONS FOR FIELD TESTS WITH THE PITOT TUBE For the information of those who are not familiar with the use of the Pitot tube, the following explanation is appended by the Guide Publica tion Committee. . In determining the velocity and pressures of air in ducts by the use of a Pitot Tube, a hole must be punched in the duct preferably at least 10 diameters of the duct from the fan inlet or outlet or from an elbow or change in cross section of the duct. For ordinary determinations, this hole should be made at the center of the top or bottom of the duct and made just large enough to admit the Pitot tube. Where great accuracy is desired or where it is necessary to make readings close to the fan outlet or to elbows, both horizontal and vertical readings should be made. In order to make readings at the points in the duct indicated in Table 106, in the above report, it will be found convenient to clamp the Pitot tube in a block as indicated in Fig. 68 and construct a board with nails or pegs inserted so as to hold the tube at the desired points. ' For measuring pressures exceeding 1 in., the ordinary manometer is sufficiently accurate. However, in ventilation systems, where the velocity pressure is usually below 1 in. the inclined manometer containing gasoline, usually colored for convenience in reading, will be found most convenient and accurate. Inclined manometers can be obtained with either a fixed inclination or constructed so that various inclinations for different ranges of pressure may be obtained. The latter will be found more convenient and accurate for general field use as they are so constructed that they may be mounted on a tripod or on any vertical or horizontal support. Having mounted the Pitot tube and manometers as indicated in Fig. 69, it is usually the practice to connect them by means of rubber tubing, special care being taken to have air-tight connections. This can be tested by blowing into the tube and then closing the openings in the tube with the fingers and observing any drop in the manom eter. If a noticeable drop occurs, it indicates loose connections. When a static pressure above atmospheric exists in the duct, the manometers and Pitot tube should be connected as shown in diagram for blowing tests. The upper manometer which is connected both to the dynamic and static tubes will record the difference or velocity pressure, while the lower manometer which is connected only, to the dynamic tube, will record the dynamic pressure. Both of these readings will 205 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 be positive. The static pressure can be obtained by subtracting the velocity pressure from the dynamic pressure. In making a test where the static pressure within the duct is below that of the atmos phere, connect apparatus as shown for exhausting test in Fig. 69. The upper manometer will record the velocity pressure which will be positive, while the lower manometer will record static pressure which will be negative. .' As stated in the above report, for accuracy the velocity corresponding to each reading should be calculated separately and then the velocities should be averaged. However, for field work, if the readings are taken at the positions shown in the centers of the rings or circles of equal area, there will be no appreciable error if the readings are averaged and the velocity computed on the mean. ' ... Corrections must be made for the specific gravity of the gasoline and the inclination of the manometer. Example.--In a blowing test conducted as here outlined, using a manometer inclined 1 to 10 for the velocity reading, and using colored gasoline with a specific gravity of 0.74, a reading of one inch was observed. The air was practically dry at 120 deg. fahr., barometer at 30 in. The equivalent inches of water will be lx 1/10x0.74 or 0.074 inches of water. The weight of the air will be then . 0.0028862 x 30 1 + 0.0021758 x 120 0.0687 v = 1096.5 J 0.074 0.0687 v = 1140 ft. per minute. 206 Chapter XXIII EXHAUST AND COLLECTING SYSTEMS PNEUMATIC exhaust and collecting systems may be classified in various ways. They may be classified by the economic purpose to be accomplished by the industries served, or by the type of system used. Classifying exhaust systems by industries served, they fall in sub divisions such as, metal working, woodworking, leather and shoe manu facturing, rubber industry, flint grinding, pottery works, pulverizing works, celluloid manufacturing, printing establishments, felt hatting and fur manufacturing, textile mills, grain and cereal industry, etc. ' TYPES OF SYSTEMS , The type of exhaust system to be used is determined by the industry served,, kind of material handled, and the work, to be accomplished. There are two general arrangements; the central and the group systems. In the central system a single or double fan is located near, the center, of the shop with a piping system radiating to the various machines to be served. In the group system, which is sometimes employed where the machines to be served are widely scattered, small individual exhaust fans are located at the center of the. machine groups. . The group arrangement has the advantage of flexibility. It is, however, more difficult to balance than the central, and also the large number of small diameter trunk lines required'show a much higher friction loss per foot of length than with the central system where one large main pipe serves a considerable number of- machines. . Exhaust systems are also characterized by the means employed to collect the dust or other material handled. The dust or refuse may be collected and controlled by enclosing hoods, open hoods, inward air leakage or general room exhaustion. With another class of machinery it is not feasible to closely hood the machines and in these cases open hoods over or adjacent to the machines are provided to collect as, much of dust and fumes arising.as possible. In this class cOme such machines as rubber mills, package filling ma chinery, sand blast, crushers, forges, pickling tanks, melting furnaces, and the unloading points of various types of conveyors. The open hoods should be placed as close to the source of dust or fumes ,as possible with due regard to the movements of the operator. When the hood has to be placed at some distance above the machine it.should be large enough to encompass an area of considerable extent as diffusion is usually quite rapid. Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide by H: M. Nichols, Boston, Mass. ' 207 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Consideration must also be given to the natural movement of the fumes. For those that are lighter than air the hood should be over or above the machine and where a heavy vapor or dust-laden air at ordinary temperature is to be removed, horizontal or floor connections are re quired. If it is attempted to remove heavy dust such as lead oxides by an overhead hood the conditions may be worse than if no exhaust were used at all, owing to the rising air current carrying the dust up through the breathing zones. The principle to keep in mind in all cases is to take advantage of the natural tendency of the material to move upward or downward. . In another class of operation the main object is to prevent the escape of dqst into the surrounding atmosphere, the removal of some dust from the machine or enclosure being merely incidental. The dust creating apparatus is enclosed within a housing which is made as tight as prac ticable, and sufficient suction is applied to the enclosure to maintain an inward air leakage, thus preventing escape of the dust. While the ex haust system is only required to handle the air which leaks in through the crevices and openings in the enclosure, yet in many installations leakages are very high and great cafe is required to obtain satisfactory results with a system of this kind. The inward leakage principle is utilized for controlling dust in the operating of tumbling barrels, grinding, screen ing, elevating and similar processes^ Certain dust and fume producing operations are best carried on by isolating the process in a separate compartment or room and then apply ing general ventilation to this space. The compartment or room in which the work is performed should be as small as is consistent with convenience in handling the work. The ventilating system should be designed so that a strong current of clean air is drawn across the operator, and away from him toward the work, where the dust is picked up and carried from the room. . IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS OF AN EFFI CIENT EXHAUST AND COLLECTING SYSTEM- It is impracticable to enumerate all of the requirements for an efficient exhaust and collecting system, however, among the more important there are the following: 1. Fans, collectors, hoods, and ducts should be of adequate size. 2. Air volume and velocities should be adequate for the work to be accomplished. 3. The exhaust hoods should not interfere with the operation of the machine or access to its working parts. 4. The system should not increase the fire hazard. 5. The system should not increase the dust explosion hazard. 6. Where power is expensive, should do the required work with a minimum power consumption. . 7. In cold climates, should not remove any more air than necessary from the building. ... 8. Where power is comparatively cheap, first cost should be low, even if the power required to operate is slightly higher. 208 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 In designing an exhaust system certain quantities must be chosen arbitrarily by the engineer, and the success of the installation depends to a large degree upon his experience and the skill with which he chooses these arbitrary quantities. It is quite possible for an inexperienced de signer to lay out a system which may figure out properly, but the general results are likely to be unsatisfactory. . The first step in designing systems employing hoods to trap the material is to determine the number and size connections for each individual machine. At this point the designer's past experience is of great value, as, while it is possible to set certain general standards, yet in actual practice the sizes are considerably affected by the local conditions which the Fig. 70. Heat and Vapors from Ironing Operations in Laundry Removed by Exhaust System layout man finds in the field, and he bases the pipe sizes and hoods on his judgment, being guided by his experience and the general practice. The size of hoods and connections are determined by the size and type of machines or apparatus to be handled by the exhaust system, by the kind of material worked, by the duty of the machines and other local conditions. It is impracticable to lay down any general rules for de termining size connections for the various types of machines and Tables 107 to 109, giving sizes as used in some of the common industries are only intended to serve as a general guide. Under certain favorable conditions smaller connections may be supplied. Open bottom exhaust hoods of the canopy type, where it is impractical to enclose completely the point of origin of the dust or fumes, should extend over the machine or operation at least 6 in. in every direction if the hood is not elevated more than 2 ft. For each additional 2 ft. of elevation, the size of the hood should be increased 6 in. in all directions. In systems employing inward air leakages the area of connections must be proportional to total leakage area in the enclosing housing. ' 209 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 107. SIZE OF CONNECTIONS FOR WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY Type of Machine Circular Saws, 12-in. diam.~................. ....... J........................ Circular Saws, 12-24-in. diam.......................................:........ Circular Saws, 24-40-in. diam........... ..................................... Band Saws, Blade under 2.in. wide....................................... Band .Saws, Blade 2-3 in. wide._............................................ . Band Saws, Blade 3-4 in. wide._......1..................................... Band'Saws, Blade 4-5 in. wide................................................ Band Saws, Blade 5-6 in. wide._............................................ Small Mortisers..._........................................................................ Single End Tenoners..................................... .............................. Double End Tenoners.... ........................................................... Double End, Double Head Tenoners................................... Planers, Matchers, Moulders, Stickers, Jointers, etc.-- With Knives, 6-10 in..... .................................................. With Knives, 10-*20 in--.................................................. With Knives, 20-30 in..... ...... ........................................... Shapers, Light Work................................................................... Shapers, Heavy Work................................................................ Belt Sander, Belt less than 6 in. wide.,......... ..... ................ Belt Sander, Belt. 6-10 in. wide...... ...................................... Belt Sander, Belt 10-14 in. wide.... ........................................ Drum Sander, 24 in.._................................................................ > Drum Sander, 30 in....................... ,,.................... ............... :....... Drum Sander, 36 in..................................................................... Drum Sander, '48 in....._.......... ........................ ................ .......... Drum Sander, over 48 in........................................................... Disc Sander, 24 in. diam........................,..... ............................. Disc Sander, 26-36 in. diam...................................................... Disc Sander, 36-48 in. diam..;.................................................. Arm Sander............................................................. ..................... Diameter of Connections in Inches 4 5 6 4 5 6 .7 8 6 6 7 10 5-6 6-8 6-10 4-5 8 5 6 7 6 6 7 8 10 5 6 7 4 TABLE 108. SIZE OF CONNECTIONS FOR GRINDING AND BUFFING-WHEELS " Diameter of Wheels Grinding-- . 6 in. or less, not over 1 in thick........ , 7 in. to 9 in., inclusive, not over iii. thick...... 10 in. to 16 in., 2 in. " ...... 17 in. to 19 in., " " " 3 in. " ...... 20 in; to-24 in., " u "4 in. " ...... 25 in. td 30 in., " " "5 in. " ...... Buffing-- 6 in. or less, not over 1 in. thick......... .7 in', to 12 in., inclusive, hot over 1 in. thick...... 13 in. to 16 in., " "2 in. " ...... , 17 in. to 20 in., 3 - in. " ...... 21 in. to 27 in., " " ' " -4 in. " ...... 27 in. to 33 in., - " " " 5 in. " ...... . Max. Grinding Surface Sq. .In. 19 43 101 180 302 472 19 57 101 189 338 518 . Min. Diam. , of Branch'':, Pipes in . Inches ; 3. . 3H , 4 4H 5 `6 3'A ' 4 4H 5 6 7 ; 210 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Tumbling barrels have connections ranging from 4 to 8 in., bucket con veyors 6 to 12 in., and screening machines 6 to 10 in. In general room exhaust large connections should be provided so that the air may be handled at low velocity and with a minimum power con sumption. After having determined on the proportions of the exhaust system as regards hoods and connections it is then necessary to choose the air velo city or suction at the hood connections, suction at the hood connections being a measure of the air velocity at that point. Fig. 71. Exhaust and Conveying System Handles Waste from Wood Working Machines AIR VELOCITY The air velocity required is dependent upon the specific gravity of the material, the fineness of the particles, and their physical characteristics. Certain materials such as grease wools, silk waste, salt, and other hydro scopic substances are difficult to handle due to the tendency to deposit in the conveyor pipes. While the velocity in the system should be sufficiently high to insure the removal of the material it should be kept as low as practicable since any higher velocity requires the use of unnecessary power. With a fixed system or orifice the power increases as the cube of the increase in velocity. Velocities commonly employed are: 2,500 to 3,000 ft. per min. for light dusts, cotton, shavings and sawdust from dry wood, and similar substances. Heavy dusts, wool, shavings and sawdust from wet wood, rags, waste paper and similar materials 3,000 to 4,000 ft. per min. Lead dust, hog waste, pulp chips, etc., 4,000 to 6,000 ft. per min. 211 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 In choosing the pipe sizes consideration must be given to the way and manner in which the machines will be operated, as in case a considerable number of machines, all discharging into one main, should be shut off at the same time, the velocity in the main might easily be lowered to the point where it would not be sufficient to carry the material from the machines still in operation, and thus result in clogging the pipes. Ac cordingly, it is sometimes desirable to use velocities higher than the mini mum to allow a factor of safety to cover this contingency. The resistance of a round pipe to the flow of air is inversely proportional to the fifth power of the diameter of the pipe. Therefore, handling a given quantity of air through a larger pipe at a lower velocity decreases the frictional resistance very materially and correspondingly decreases the horse-power required at the fan, and thus it is very desirable to keep the air velocities throughout the system as low as possible, consistent with the major requirement that the'material must be taken away as fast as made, without clogging the pipes, under the varying operating conditions met with from day to day in the plant. The static suction required at the hood connections varies from 1 to 5 in. of water. The suction required depends upon many factors such as the relative size of the hoods and connections, kind and quantity of material handled, as well as its physical condition. In some states codes have been issued specifying suctions to be maintained for the more common dusts. A suction standard should always be considered in conjunction with the shape of hood, and size connection, as these factors together determine the volume of air exhausted and its velocity which in turn are a measure of the effectiveness of the exhaust system. TABLE 109. SUCTIONS REQUIRED AT HOODS FOR CONNECTIONS OF USUAL PROPORTIONS WORK Static Suction in In. of Water 1-2 1-2 1-2 2-4 2-3 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-4 2-3 1-3 1-2 3-5 The cubic feet of air of standard density taken into the system at each connection is given by the formula: American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 where Q -- Cubic feet of air per minute; A = Area of connection in square feet; / = Orifice or restriction coefficient; f = Static suction measured in inches of water. The orifice coefficient / is dependent upon the shape and construction of the hood and will range from 60 to 90 per cent. An average value is 70 per cent. . Fig. 72. Collectors on Roof of New Jersey Piano Factory Knowing the suction at each hood and the diameter of each connection, the volume of air passing up each branch can be taken from the accom panying Table 110. The sum of all these volumes gives the total volume to be handled by the exhaust fan. Common practice is to provide a main suction pipe having an area 20 to 25 per cent in excess of'the sum of the areas of the branches enter ing it between the point in question and the dead end of. the main.. Similarly the discharge pipe leading from the fan outlet to collector is frequently made the same diameter as the large end of the main suction pipe. The reason for this increase in size is that a considerable power saving results from the lower air velocity. However, there is no technical ' 213 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 reason why mains should be a certain percentage greater area than the sum of the connections, and still lower power consumption can be ob tained by using larger branches and mains of equal area. While the rule of thumb method of determining size of mains works very well in many cases, yet it is always desirable to figure the mains and branches of the proper size to give the velocity which has been found best suited to the work to be done. .. Ln certain special cases where explosive or poisonous dusts such as aluminum buffings, grain dust, powdered sugar, or lead dust are handled, increasing the size of the mains unduly would introduce a serious hazard. TABLE 110. CUBIC FEET OF AIR HANDLED PER MINUTE THROUGH AVERAGE COLLECTING HOODS Based on Coefficient of Orifice of 0.71 with 10 Per Cent Added forTbakage Diameter of Connection Pipe In. 1 Maintained Suction--In. Water Gage 1M 2 2M 3 4 5 ih 2 2H 3 3H 4 i'A 5 6 7 8 9 10 38 68 107 153 209 273 345 427 614 .835 1092 1381 1705 47 84 131 188 256 334 423 523 751 1023 1337 1694 2090 54 97 161 217 296 386 488 605 867 1181 1546 1953 2409 61 108 168 243 330 431 546 676 970 1322 1727 2184 2695 67 118 185 266 362 473 598 741 1062 1448 1892 2387 2959 76 136 214 306 418 546 690 854 1228 1670 2184 2762 3410 86 153 238. 343 466 609 775 955 1373 1870 2440 3091 3806 An exhaust system to be effective must remove.a certain amount of air from each hood or other connection, and in addition must maintain sufficient velocity throughout the piping system to convey the dust or refuse material to the separator. Any system which is mechanically well constructed and handles the requisite air at the connections and, maintains sufficiently high velocities, is an effective system from the standpoint of the work done. However, to keep the operating cost low it is advantageous to.do the work with as low velocities as the.character istics of the material will permit. The skilled designer will keep both of these requirements in mind and produce a system which is both effective and economical of power. The maintained resistance of the exhaust system is composed of three factors: (1) Loss through the hoods; (2) Collector drop; and (3) Fric tion drop in the pipes. A. Suction at the various hoods must be chosen from experience. Loss through the hoods can be calculated by an experienced engineer but may be taken very roughly at one-half the suction. : B. Collector drop in inches of water is given by the following formula: Drop = c(------Y V 1000 ) : 214 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 where . . C = a constant which depends upon the type of collector and is found to range from 0.25 to 0.75; . V = velocity in feet per minute of air entering the collector. C. Friction drop in the pipes must be computed for each section where there is a change in area or in velocity. Find the velocities in each sec tion of pipe starting with the branch furtherest from the fan. The friction drop for these sections can be determined by reference to Table 111. Total friction loss in the piping system is the friction drop in furthest TABLE 111. FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF STRAIGHT CONVEYOR PIPE To Flow of Air Per 100 Feet of Pipe Vel. of Air in Ft. per Min. 2000 . 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 . 3800 4000 4200 4400 4800 . 5200 5600 6000 4' .. 1.92 2.32 2.77 3.26 3.76 4.33 4.93 5.56 6.23 6.95 7.69 8.48 9.26 11.05 13.00 15.25 17.30 Loss of Pressure in Inches for Given Diameter Pipe 5' 1.53 1.85 2.22 2.60 3.01 3.46 3.94 4.45 4.98 5.55 6.15 6.78 7.41 8.85 10.50 12.05 13.85 6' 1.28 1.55 1.84 2.17 2.52 2.88 3.28 3.71 . 4.154.62 5.13 5.65 6.18 .7.38 8.66 10.05 11.52 7' 1.09 1.32 1.58 1.86 2.15 . 2.47 2.82 3.18 3.56 3.97 4.40 4.85 5.30 6.32 7.44 8.61 9.89 8' . 10' 0.962 1.16 1.39 1.63 1.89 2.08: 2.47 2.78 3.12 3.48 3.85 4.25 4.63 5.55 6.50 7.55 8.66 0.770 0.932 1.01 1.30 1.51 1.73 1.97 2.22 2.49 2.78 3.08 3.49 3.71 4.43 5.21 6.03 6.92 12' 0.640 : 0.778 0.924 1.08 1.26 1.44 1.64 1.85 2.08 2.32 2.57 2.83 3.09 3.69 4.34 5.05 5.76 2014' 16' !8' ' 22' 24' 30' 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4800. 5200 5600 6000 0.550 0.655 0.790 0.930 1.07 1.24 1.41 1.59 1.78 1.99 . 2.20 2.43 2.66 3.17 3.72 4.32 4.95 0.482 0.582 0.693 0.810 0.932 1.08 1.23 1.43 1.56 1.74 1.92 2.12 2.33 2.77. 3.25 3.78 4.33 0.428 0.578 0.617 0.722 0.838 0.961 1.09 1.24 1.38 1.54 1.71 1.88 2.06 2.46 2.89 3.35 3.85 0.385 0.465 0.553 0.650 0.754 0.865 0.985 1.11 1.25 1.39 1.54 1.70 1.85 2.22 2.61 3.02 3.46 0.350 0.423 0.504 0.590 0.685 0.788 0.895 1.01 1.13 1.26 1.40 1.54 1.68 2.02 2.36 2.74 . 3.14 0.320 0.388 0.462 0.542 0.628 0.722 0.820 0.925 1.04 1.16 1.28 1.42 1.54 1.85 2.16 2.52 2.89 0.257 0.310 0.369 0.434 0.503 0.577 0.657 0.742 0.832 0.926 1.03 1.13 1.24 1.48 1.75 2.01 2.31 FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF ELBOWS Elbows having a radius equal to the pipe diameter set up a resistance equivalent to a section of straight pipe approximately 10 diameters long. With a radius of 1J-S times the diameter the resistance is about the same as seven diameters of straight pipe. 215 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 branch plus the drop in the various sections of the main, plus the drop in the discharge pipe. The total maintained resistance of the system--or static head re quired at the fan = A + B -f- C. . SELECTING THE FAN Having determined the volume of air and static head required, the size of exhaust fan, speed and horse-power can be found by reference to the manufacturers performance tables or charts covering the type of exhaust fan selected. The usual types of ventilating fans are unsuitable for exhaust systems which are required to handle materials such as shavings, sawdust, emery dust, etc. Higher pressures are required than in ventilating work and in addition housings and blast wheel must be so constructed that the materials handled do not deposit in same. While the fans used in different exhaust systems are more or less of the same general type, modifications are frequently necessary to fit them for handling such materials as long shavings, strips of paper, cotton, pulverized coal, etc. The most common method of separating the dust and other materials from the air is to pass the mixture through a centrifugal or "cyclone" collector. In this type of collector the mixture of the air and material is introduced on a tangent, near the cylindrical top of the collector, and the whirling motion sets up a centrifugal action causing the compara tively heavy materials suspended in the air to be thrown against the side of the separator, from which position it spirals down to the tail piece, while the air escapes through the stack at the center of the collector. For most systems, the nominal size and number of the collector will be the same as the diameter in inches of the main pipe leading to it. The nominal sizes of the different makes of collectors vary greatly, and it is advisable to make sure that a collector is large Enough to do the work without excessive pressure drop, irrespective of nominal number or size. The larger the collector the better will be the separation, and the less will be the back pressure on the fan and power consumed. Special construction is sometimes required' for fine dust, also some blow pipe manufacturers use a special type of collector for furnace feed, the object being to deliver the material to furnaces as uniformly as possibly. When more than one fan delivers into a single collector a back pressure valve is required to prevent one fan blowing back through the other in case the second fan should stop for any reason. In most plants, where wood refuse is used for fuel, it is delivered by gravity directly from the collector to the furnace. The discharge pipe leading from the bottom of the collector is divided and the junction fur nished with a switch or valve so arranged that when the material comes too fast for the fires it can be diverted into a reserve bin. The furnace feeder should be hinged where it is attached to the lower . end of the discharge pipe, in order that it may be disconnected hom the furnace when the fan is shut down. Also great care must be taken to provide an absolutely tight switch. Otherwise, when discharging refuse to the storage bin, fine sawdust will sift through this valve and settle American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 in the furnace feed pipe, and, in case the fireman has neglected to dis connect the feeder from the furnace, the flame may flash back, following this train of fine sawdust, into the collector. Other forms of collectors or separators, are: settling chambers, cloth screen and bag collectors, bag houses, air washers and electric precipi tators. DESIGN OF HOODS The mechanical design as regards shape and construction of the hoods is extremely important. Probably more systems fail from improper hood construction than from any other one cause. If the material to be moved is already in motion, as are the chips thrown off from wood-working machines, the hoods should be arranged in the path of the particles so that the velocity of the particles assists the air in carrying the material to the throat of the hood. Hoods should be arranged to draw dust and fumes away from the face of the operator. They should be placed as close as possible to the source of dust or waste material and wherever practical, the hoods should en tirely enclose the dust producing operation. Hoods are usually constructed of galvanized sheet iron or other equally substantial and durable material. The material should be heavy enough ' to stand, the abrasive action of the dust and refuse. The hoods should be of sufficient mechanical strength to keep their shape and should be well braced and substantially supported. Galvanized iron used should never be lighter than No. 22 gage. If acid or corrosive fumes are present heavy material painted with acid resisting paint should be used, or the hoods may be made of non-corrosive material. The exposed edges of all sheet metal hoods should be bound with wire or band iron, not onjy to give the necessary stiffness, but also to prevent the operator from being cut by the raw edges of the sheets. CONVEYOR PIPES The conveyor pipes leading from the hoods to the fan and thence to the collector are commonly made of galvanized iron, the gage of which varies from No. 24 to 14, depending upon the diameter. The piping should be free from dents, fins and projections of all kinds on which refuse ma terial might catch. ' - 'All permanent circular joints should be lap-jointed, riveted and sol dered, and all longitudinal joints either grooved and locked or riveted and soldered. Circular laps should be in the direction of the flow, and piping installed out-of-doors should have the longitudinal laps at the bottom. Every change in pipe size should be made on a taper not by an abrupt change. AH pipes passing through roofs should be equipped with collars so arranged as to prevent water leaking into the building. The main trunks and branch pipes should be as short and straight as possible, strongly supported, and have the dead ends capped to permit 217 V.t" American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 inspection and cleaning. All branch pipes should join the main at an acute angle. The junction being at the side or top and never at the bot tom of the main. Branch pipes should not join the main pipes at points such that the material from one branch tends to enter the branch on opposite side of main. Cleanout openings having suitable covers should be so placed in the main and branch pipes that every part of the system can be easily reached in case the system clogs. Either a large cleanout door should be placed in the main suction pipe near the fan inlet or a detachable section of pipe, held in place by lug bands, may be provided. Elbows , should be made at least two gages heavier than straight pipe of the same diameter, the better to enable them to withstand the addi tional w"ar caused by changing the direction of flow. They should preferably have a throat radius of at least one and one-half times the diameter of the pipe. . Every pipe should be kept open and unobstructed throughout its entire length, and no fixed screen should be placed fn it, although the use of a trap at the junction of the hood and branch pipe is permissible, provided it is not allowed to fill up completely. The passing of pipes through fire-walls should be avoided wherever possible, and sweep-up connections should be so arranged that foreign material cannot be easily introduced into them. . Where considerable quantities of explosive dust or inflammable materials pass through the exhaust fan, the blast wheel should be con structed of brass composition, copper or other soft metal and in all cases ample clearance should be provided between blast wheels and housings. MAINTENANCE OF SYSTEM - - Because of its simplicity the exhaust system usually receives but little attention once it is installed; however, to obtain the best-results, it should be inspected at suitable intervals and necessary adjustments made. The exhaust fan should be given proper attention the same as any other high-speed machine. It should be kept in proper alignment and tightly bolted to its foundation. Suction hoods, which have been removed to adjust the machines, should be replaced as soon as the adjustments are completed. Never start a machine with the blast gate closed, as the slight air leak age past the blast gate may draw material into the pipe and clog it. Disconnect furnace feeders from the furnaces when not in operation, and do not overload the system by ill-advised additions. . Chapter XXIV REFRIGERATION RERIGERATION may be accomplished mechanically, as in the case of anhydrous ammonia, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, ethyl chloride, etc., or chemically by the.use of aqueous ammonia, known as the absorption system. In the use of mechanical refrigeration in the United States anhydrous ammonia is the most popular refrigerant. Authorities estimate that anywhere from 95 to 98 per cent is accomplished by this method. The amnjonia in the form of vapor is drawn from the cooling pipes located in the cold storage rooms or brine tank through a pipe line called the suction line by the action of the compressor. It is then converted into a super-heated gas and discharged from the compressor through a line called the pipe line into the ammonia condenser. The gas as it enters the condenser is quite hot and contains heat generated by com pression as well as heat taken from the goods in storage. In the condenser the gas is cooled by the use of water and converted into ammonia liquid under pressures which vary according to the temperature of the cooling water. The ammonia liquid is then condensed under the pressure of the condenser and the cooling pipes in the storage rooms or brine tanks as the case may be, where it is expanded into the cooling pipes, reducing the pressure as the volume increases. The liquid ammonia at the reduced pressure boils inside of the cooling pipes at a low temperature and thereby produces the desired cooling effect in the space surrounded by the cooling pipes. As the ammonia boils it is again converted into a vapor and drawn back to the compressor through the suction line. This completes the cycle of operation. CONDENSERS Condensers are classified in practically three classes: atmospheric, double pipe, and submerged. The atmospheric condenser consists of a coil of pipe standing vertically with a water distributing trough over the top pipe, the ammonia is on the inside of the pipe. The water running down over the outside of the condenser, condenses the ammonia on the inside of the pipe. Most atmospheric condensers are constructed of 2-in. pipe. Atmospheric condensers must be placed in open places where the outside air has free access to the same, preferably the roof of a building. Double pipe condensers consists of two concentric pipes also in the form of a coil, the inner pipe containing the water and the surrounding or outer pipe the ammonia. Most double pipe ammonia condensers con sist of 2-in. for the outer pipe and lJ4-m. for the inner pipe, although some condensers have been made of 2J^-in. and 1 J/j-in. pipes, and some of 3-in. and 2-in. pipes. 218 I Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide by Lee Nusbaum, Philadelphia. Pa. ' 2X9 T American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 zoH CFo-l CoC>ll w oz UDW QOC6 c_ 3g o O^ CQ H o * *h 2 <2 ss>- 5S so <5 (Os, Cui. Sh zo o z irCO'FWO-^NOOFOO-'OOO'OH'Of^OTO'iOrOtcMlOoCCNr_'n.^- O- ''O'0iOiOTj,Tj,e0C4^----* 00 r- r < __ ___ jtwi/i *o.<.0 v.n <n ^ n m * -- O- \ oo r- r * to ^ fo co <irot.Os.ifo^.e^f55.CrOo.l'foO0o.o-O'O-'nOft^- 0lO^-1OOoO.`MoOTO-j-^OO^,g'OO<0>or'0'0t^>^r"JQ*j'3OfO0vOC0N^T,O^;t^,''Qg*0O;0JOfOo'Or^jO2 tooooooiooooooooooooooon fO1 i^. .-i'0- .-r.'C.O.FH.^.ioo-O^O'ONOCr-*'0O'i0o'iNO'O'^rCt'fiOc0fO5rc^i 'OlflUVtf^'fONW^OO r^0'OO--OcOcO0O'^OcjO'0O-fOi-O-0^\O0O'*Q-o*o0Oa(ONO^O-;QON F.H.o.o.<#.o\.o.f'0.>.*o.N<-oMoooOol-'-'O^'OoioOoiOiHTf'CTtrr';O(f''O/JfTN) 'Oioio^'n<r)ri''-"00 , r^'^t'tN00OON^C>'^^FO'N*^O0'^OOO'jONOOO'd*^0SONO'OOiQO0OO' O.if^00fO00t^i'O.00. "*.kO. O.e^oOa'OocC**'000oF<o>^O'<'-,C`o^^1-' OOOOOOOOOOO^OQiOOOOOiO lO|N.f0F-'tO00OfllO^N^M(?"OI^OtO-`O r^. rt.O-F.''0.N. ^-'00--^0.O>n'o0o0f-'^r>,* '\50 ,insOo '0^Q<N0 ^rO1^t+) lO-0'.t'^^,.rOtf.'O^,fO^NN.,^/.>O0.0Of0-0O0>0O0Ct>i0NnO'0t'OOOT>f '' hh p-3<vPOOfcO*5 <--T> O^rtx.c.O.r....N.TO...jr.O.*.C.N..O.M..0..Ou.0.^..OO...r..0s..^.O0..'^.^.O.oo-ooOO'O*'C0T>OficNO~c/^>Oi^Qo^0'OwOO*opOirof^OOp*>OHOpoe"OM0^CO0- lO^^rtfONfS-'OO SOOO'OO^O'OOOOOOOOOOOQOO r-l0O(0O'000*-0O0<y)'0'-4,/5C0f00'>0ClO . . . ... ... -ooor->r^oiOTj<rj<POPOPOPO 00U'>Q0W)0000 OooOwModo-fCOOcOo^SpO'OQr--j<e0o05Q|CON``OO^OOrt^^,'C^Ml0lOC`OO'`O-'Nd0O0'' - I - ..... .Ov O' 00 r-*-- SO \T> ^ro po c*> C4 -- --O o'0^o0o'oOotJ`ofhoooo'Oot`o^owojOoCo'NoO-o<0o'OoOoOoCoH*o5^ fON6acON^N6dO'0-`f"#0'0NF>00^ '++++++fOfOMMCKNMCtCS-iF-^ j | | I -- -- CN CN f'l rO I I I II I I I I I II 1 Tj <N c* ci r>* M p r . t>. n r n r r*p*Np* - 220 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Some of the advantages of the double pipe condenser are that it may be placed near the other, apparatus and does not have to be placed out side as in the case of the atmospheric condenser. Further, on the double pipe condenser the cold water enters on the bottom and meets the liquid ammonia, sending the liquid ammonia away much cooler than in the case of the atmospheric condenser, where the hot water comes in contact with the liquid ammonia. When an atmospheric condenser is worn out it must be entirely scrapped, while in a double pipe condenser, the water pipes, which are the only pipes to deteriorate can easily be replaced. Another advantage of the double pipe type is that it is easily cleaned by a spiral tube cleaner, while it is a much more tedious and uncertain job to clean the outside of the atmospheric condenser. The submerged condenser consisting of a tank containing water in which a coil conveying the ammonia is sub merged is seldom used now. Compressor Horsepower Per Ton Refrigeration Fig. 73. Relative Horse-Power Consumption at Various Back Pressures The capacity of an ammonia compressor is governed mostly by the pressure of the ammonia gas, or vapor entering it. The higher the pres sure the heavier the ammonia and consequently more pounds of am monia will be pumped through the system per stroke of the compressor. The refrigeration accomplished is directly proportioned to the pounds of ammonia circulated in a given time. The higher the suction or inlet pressure the greater will be the refrigerating capacity of that plant. Roughly about 0.43 lb. of ammonia must be circulated through the system per minute per ton of refrigeration. ' When cooling and holding products in a room, the temperature at which they must be held will be determined largely by the nature of the goods Tabje 116. The circulating ammonia must be several degrees lower in temperature than the room. Ammonia at any stated temperature has a relative pressure which would consequently be the pressure of the ammonia entering the compressor and would therefore govern the capacity of it.' It is desirable, from the power consumption basis, to operate the compressor with the highest possible.back pressure, but this hardly ever exceeds 40-lb. gage pressure. Fig. 73 shows the relative horse-power consumption at various back pressures. This curve based upon averages and practical installations might deviate somewhat. . 221. T A B L E 113. PROPERTIES OF SO D IU M C H L O R ID E B R IN E \ American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 IWP' E> H CO x Id C.O uj3 *00*0 oooooo oqqqqq -- 04040303-*? *obleoo o os oooooo S^0M4h0*O20O4 ?t*iO*SiSp020Sfr 05 05 0 05 0 CO oo CO C0 b~ t" C" oooooo oooooo iSn O oi Se sl b0--*-oNNrt Cn"*^0oio3--scsot H,--e,5fc$2 OOOOOO OOOOOO --------q ooooou5' loiflost'N o-^ooco -oioseo'?*?- jsooao SJISSmnw SB? gS 0< ?C4*< O Tf 00 04 o o oVOoOoDoOoOo i|al /3 L ooowo *0 04 o C5 coo- co iftuo*ftO5 T*?f^nr-o^cTcO Ci*O oqqoqqq 0^35CO!3C4I0S4 --??--!--5 $^>c*.-c& tu oCQ ^Cl. :< 0*000" *0030 loiaooom oo b-^* co os 03 03 os c*3 ooooto>oo 0*tQO< 04 0104. 88 &v -~ o u CO*0O3t"O 00*0 4" 03 b b^n'oiNn Ml i I I I I I 1 I I ONIOCON^ 00 IMIMI n Q *o cc cd oo -- O C5 CO b b> CQ 04 04 04 04 04 +++++-1- 04 *0 q b* *0004 -- 000 04 04 04 04*--- ++++++ qcl.'1cir1t'. 04 -- -- * -- ++ +1 ++I1 `I S00004'fl'0* ^*04MOOO ^S2?$S 04*0004*0 C4 050COOO* 04 ^4^ w q o ---- -- O404 coeo^'*o*o coO^b-co X0O)0hHOPOO** 0 -- 04 04 CO CO OOOOOO eo coo* coo; 0U5n04O--OONCa OOOOOO 04 05 CO O 00 O S 00 040*06-- CO 05 CO ^*0 --0 -- 040404 ooo ooo'ooq qqo oo *Ot^ OC4. cSS COO o^*^* b> ooo OOO ooo ooo -- oo *0 ooo ooo oo ooo qo Max. 14.5' oo *o 00*0 0*00 o*oo *o 4 7 .7 17*- *00*0 ,,CO -- oeoo *ooo *? -- co eo CO o to to b*00 0*00 O "4* O 0 00 05 -- C4CO Ml o -- 00 U9N III O *0 C4 O-- *--0 0--0 04 04 00 0044 f0~4 C0O4 ^ 000 OOO Ota C5 O' *o 03 --00 V-- 0+1 ++04 +++04 0404 --+:++ qqo. OO OOf-h- O'? i T? 03*0 II XXX X X x TM*'" -22 22SS SS X X XX XX XX X 040403 03'?'^' 40*0 223 i American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 116. COLD STORAGE TEMPERATURES FRUIT Articles Deg. fahr. . Apples................................................... 32-36 Bananas............................................... 60 Berries, Fresh.... ................................ 36 Cranberries........................................... 33-36 Cantaloupes........................................ 40 Dates, Figs, etc........................... 50-55 Fruits, Dried...................................... 35-40 Grapes.... ....... 34^-36 Lemons................................................. 33--36 Oranges.................................... -........... 34--36 Peaches................................................. 34-36 Pears...................................................... 34-36 Watermelons....................................... 34-36 MEATS Brined................................................... 38 Beef, FreshTM....................................... 33 Beef, DriedTM......:............................... 36*40 Calves................................................... 32-33 Hams, Ribs, Shoulders.................. . 20 Hogs...................................................... 20-32 Lard....................................................... 38 Livers.................. 20-30 Sheep, LambsTM................................. 32 Ox-Tails................................................ 30 Sausage Casings.... ............................ 20 Tenderloin, Butts, etc..................... 33 FISH . Fresh Fish......................... :................. 20 Dried Fish........................................... 36 Oysters in Shell................................. 30-35 Oysters in Tub.... .............................. 25 CANNED GOODS , Sardines...... ..........?.............................. 35--40 Fruits...... .............................................. 35-40 Meats.......... ......................... ............... 35-40 BUTTER. EGGS. Etc. Butter.............................. Butterine...... ....................................... Cheese.................................................. EggsTM................................................... 15 15 34 31 Articles LIQUIDS Deg. fahr. Beer, Ale, Porter, etc..... ................ 33 Cider........................... 30 Ginger Ale................................ 36 Wines.................................................... 40 Champagne........ ................................ 25-30 FLOUR AND MEAL Buckwheat FlourTM......................... 36-40 Com Meal............................................. 36-40 Oat Meal............................................. 36-40 Wheat Flour..TM_................................ 36-40 VEGETABLES Asparagus............................................ 34--35 Cabbage.............................................. 34-35 Carrots................................................. 34-35 Celery................................................... 34-35 Dried Beans....................................... 32--40 Dried Corn..................................... 35 Dried Peas.......................................... 35-40 Onions................................................... 36 Parsnips............................................... 34-35 Potatoes............................................... 36-40 Sauerkraut.......................................... 35 MISCELLANEOUS Cigars, TobaccoTM............................. 35 Furs, Woolens, etc........................... 35 Honey................................................... 45 Hops...................................................... 40 Maple Syrup, Sugar........................ 40 Oils......................................................... 35 Poultry, Dressed, Iced.................... 28-30 Poultry, Dry Picked........................ 26-28 Poultry, Scalded................................ 20 Game, To FreezeTM........................... 10-15 Game, After Frozen......................... 25-28 Poultry, To Freeze........................... 10-15 Poultry, After FrozenTM.................. 25-28 Nuts, in Shell--.................................. 35-40 Chestnuts............................................ 33 TABLE 117. FREEZING TIME IN HOURS TO FREEZE CAN OF ICE 224 Brine 4' 5' 6' 7' 8' 9' 10' 11' 12' 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 5.10 5.60 6.22 7.00 8.00 9.30 11.20 14.00 8.00 8.75 9.70 11.00 12.50 14.60 17.50 21.00 11.5 12.6 14.0 15.8 18.0 21.0 25.2 31.5 15.6 17.3 19.0 21.5 24.5 28.5 34.3 42.8 20.4 22.4 25.0 28.0 32.0 37.3 44.8 56.0 25.8 28.4 31.5 35.5 40.5 47.2 56.7 71.0 31.8 35.0 39.0 43.7 50.0 58.3 70.0 87.5 38.5 42.3 47.0 53.0 60.5 70.5 84.7 106.0 45.8 50.4 56.0 63.0 72.0 84.0 100.0 126.0 Note.--Above table based on ice freezing from four sides. 11-in. can ice will take about 45 to 50 hr. to ctose, brine at 15. 225 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TABLE 118. PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS FOOD PRODUCTS Substance Composition Water Solids Specific Specific Latent Heat Above Heat Below Heatop Freezing in Freezing in Freezing in Heat Units Heat Units Heat Units Lean Beef............................. 72.00 Fat Beef. ..... ......................... 51.00 Veal ............................. . 63.00 Fat Pork. _............................ 39.00 Eggs.............. ;......................... 70.00 Potatoes.--.............................. 74.00 Cabbage.................................. 91.00 Carrots........ =........................... . 83.00 Milk........................................ 87.50 Oysters................ ................... 80.38 White Fish............................. 78.00 Eels................................ :......- 62.07 Lobster.................................... 76.62 Pigeon. ........................... ....... 72.40 Chicken........... ..................... 73.70 28.00 49.00 37.00 61.00 30.00 26.00 9.00 17.00 12.50 19.62 22.00 37.93 23.38 27.60 26.30 1.00 0.77 0.60 0.70 0.51 0.76 0.80 0.93 0.87 0.90 0.84 0.82 0.69 0.81 0.78 0.80 0.80 . 0.90 0.50 0.41. 0.34 . 0.39 0.30 0.40 0.42 0.48 0.45 0.47 0.44 0.43 0.38 0.42 0.41 0.42 144 102 72 90 55 100 105 129 118 124 114 111 88 108 102 105 88 226 Chapter XXV VENTILATORS AND NATURAL VENTILATION OF the two methods of ventilating available, namely by mechanical means, and by the so-called natural forces, the later is often favored, because it is notdependent upon fans, blowers and motive power appara tus, any of which may get out of order; it requires no supervision, and it costs nothing for power to operate. It is dependent upon the operation of natural laws and is not subject to the requirements of control possible with mechanical ventilation. Natural ventilation utilizes two separate agencies, (1) the buoyancy of the air caused by temperature difference between inside and outside of the building, and (2) the energy of the wind. The former is the same action that produces draft in a chimney. The two forces are entirely distinct and separate, and may either co-operate or oppose each other, depending upon the design of the ventilator. . A ventilator is an opening in the roof, properly protected against rain, snow and down draft; and surrounded by a hood or cowl intended to Utilize the force of even the slightest breeze from any direction what-soever, in such a manner as to assist and increase ventilation. Occassion ally a damper is required to prevent over-ventilation in cold, stormy weather. In any event, openings near the floor of the building which is to be ventilated are. necessary to allow the ventilators to act. Ventilators may be classified in general as, stationary and rotary, and each of these may be divided into siphoning and non-siphoning. The rotary ventilators being one which always presents the same face to the wind, and the siphoning ventilator being one which is so constructed as to use the force of the wind to siphon the air out of the ventilator, usually allowing some of the external air to pass through the head. Engineers, architects and contractors who must make a selection should be guided by the following four general points, (1) quality of material, (2) design, (3) construction and (4) capacity (conditions should be stated otherwise a fair comparision of this item is impossible.) .What is generally desired more specificially is, the greatest amount of reliable ventilation for a given cost of equipment. The following facts - affect ventilation and ventilator capacity; 1. Temperature difference between inside and outside of building. 2. Height of ventilator above air inlet openings. 3. Wind velocity. 4. Shape and design of ventilator.* Material for this section furnished especially for The Guide by Frank Kelley, C. T. Palmer and Thornton Lewis. . 227 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 5. Air admission below the ventilator, (resistance to flow of air into building). ' 6. Resistance to air flow through the building. 7. Resistance to air flow in the ventilators themselves. 8. Location of the ventilator with respect to surrounding objects. Of. the factors mentioned, only items 4 and 7 depend upon the ventila tor itself; the other items depend upon circumstances wholly outside of ventilator size and design. While ventilators may be divided into certain classes or groups and the average efficiency of one class will be higher or lower than the average efficiency of another class, this does not in any way determine the capacity of individual ventilators, as ventilators of the same class and, which from a casual observation appear to be the same, will have entirely different characteristics, due to the fact that some of the fundamentals t have been overlooked or changed in one or the other. The basic principles which should be adhered to are as follows: 1. A reasonably large head, as it gives a larger low pressure area and a better exhaust. 2. A sufficiently large area for the air leaving the ventilator head preferably larger than the cross sectional area of pipe. 3. A storm band on stationary non-siphoning ventilators sufficiently wide and so placed as to prevent the entrance of external air into the ventilator head. . 4. If the ventilator is a siphoning type additional outlet air space must be provided in the head in order not to restrict the air pas sage from the exhaust pipe. 5. Provided a smooth, easy passage of sufficient area for the exit of exhaust air avoiding sharp turns and obstructions. ' 6. A flaring outlet from a rotary ventilator will give a better exhaust . than a straight oultet. The simplest form of ventilator, shown in Fig. 74, consists of an outlet pipe with a conical hood above it. The addition of a storm band, as shown in Figs. 75, 76 and 77, gives an increased protect*on against the entrance of rain or snow. The storm band, if placed so close to the cones as to restrict the outflow of air, interferes with ventilation. On the other hand, if the openings are made large enough to permit free egress of the inside air, the storm band increases the ventilation by utilizing the wind velocity to produce suction. . A further development of the later principle is the siphon ventilator, as illustrated in Fig. 78, in which siphons or ducts are introduced for the particular purpose of producing suction. In the swiveling or rotary ventilators, typified by Figs. 79 and 80, a freely rotating cowl is used. A wind vane is provided for keeping the opening facing away from the direction of the wind. This type allows 228 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 free egress of the inside air (unless the outlet is made unduly small). For producing suction, it depends upon the viscous drag of the wind pas sing along the outside of the cowl. In the induction or ejector type of ventilator, which is also of the swivel ing or rotary type Fig. 81, the kinetic energy of the wind is used to a large extent by creating suction, due to the viscous drag both inside and out side the cowl. This device is effective for ventilation even with very low wind velocities. In some stationary ventilators of the siphon type, or of the swiveling cowl type, low wind velocities have the effect of reducing Various Styles of Roof Ventilators the air discharge produced by the temperature difference, apparently because the laws of fluid flow are not the same at high and low velocities, which is an established fact. In the ejector ventilator, the funnel shape ejector tube converts the pressure of a slow wind into a higher velocity at the throat thereby maintaining suction. . ' All co/nparisons of capacity must be referred to a given dimension, namely the throat area, corresponding to the nominal size of the ventila tor. Resistance to flow of air is caused by; (1) restricted outlet openings, or (2) many turns or changes of the direction of the air flow. As regards the first item, this depends entirely upon the proportions, and not upon 229 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 the type; some of the stationary ventilators have smaller, and others have larger outlet area than some cowl ventilators of the same nominal size. Regarding the second item, the swiveling cowl ventilators offer less resistance than the stationary type, in that the direction of air flow is changed as little as possible. Unless swiveling ventilators move very freely, the opening, at times, faces towards the wind so that ventilation produced by temperature difference is much reduced, or wholly counteracted. In that case, snow and rain may blow in. The rumbling or creaking noise caused by hard turning swivel ventilator is also very unpleasant. These troubles are, of course, eliminated in well designed ventilators, but must be kept in mind. In Fig. 82, is shown a rotary or air-turbine ventilator, which rotates continously under the action of the wind, the motion being produced by the difference of wind pressure on the convex and concave sides of the vanes. The air-exhausting action is due to centrifugal force. This type of ventilator must be very carefully designed if it is to be leak-proof, and if the noises and impact forces, due to ice accumulating on the vanes in the winter are to be eliminated. CAPACITIES The variety of factors affecting capacity makes it essential for the user of ventilators to exercise great care in respect to this item of capacity. The draft in a ventilator head, due to the velocity of the wind, is primarily caused by the low pressure area or partial vacuum on the leeward side of the ventilator head. A draft in certain designs may also be caused by the siphoning action of the wind passing through the ven tilator head, but any air which is allowed to enter the head to create a siphoning action must get out and in so doing will diminish the effective area of the head for exhausting air, and it is also very likely to reduce the effectiveness of the low pressure area. Naturally the ventilator which makes the best use of .the available forces for creating a draft and which at the same time provides the freest path for the flow of exhaust through the ventilators should be the best ventilator. It does not follow, however, that a ventilator of one class is better or poorer than one of any other class. It may be good or poor not because it belongs to a certain class, but depending upon whether the proper basic principles have been observed in its design. The theoretical velocity of the gases due to temperature difference may be obtained from the following well-known formula: V= ) in which V - - Velocity in feet per second g = Gravity 32.2 H -- Effective height of ventilator Tl = Temperature absolute of air in ventilator T = Temperature absolute of air outside 230 . . " American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 This gives the theoretical velocity which will be reduced in the prac tical case by the resistance in the pipe and the ventilator head. It is impossible to state an exact ratio between the velocity obtainable and the theoretical as every case will be different, but a reasonable assumption would be 50 per cent providing there is free admission of fresh air into the room or space ventilated. Rotary Ventilators Fig. 82 Air-Turbine Ventilator Determining the Effective Height Many exaggerated claims have been made in the marketing of ventila tors and it was only recently that very careful tests were made by the U. S. Bureau of Standards and by other reliable investigators, with the result that ventilator capacities are now quite accurately known. Conservative figures for the best types of ventilators now on the market, 231 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 under conditions of unrestricted flow of air to the ventilator, are given by the equation: 36 X Q=A x H X (li - <o) 6+ V + 20. X V where Q = cubic feet of air exhausted per hour through a ventilator having a free area at the throat of A square inches, mounted on a roof at a height of H feet from the center of the ventilator outlet to the floor, and with a wind velocity of V miles per hour, and average temperature /| inside t0 outside. The height H has been given as the heigW above the floor; strictly speaking, it is the height of the column of warm air in the building, which is approximately equal to the height above the location of the air inlet to the'building. This location is usually near the floor. If, however, the inlet is .much higher, as shown for instance in Fig. 83, the height H is indeterminate, but may, in general, be taken as halfway between the center of the air inlet and the floor. Highest class ventilators, for instance those of the ejector type, will, under favorable conditions, discharge continuously 25 per cent more air than these conservative figures indicate. Capacities are lower, on the other hand, if ventilators of lower efficiency are used, or if the flow of air into or through the building is restricted, or if the ventilator is not ex posed to the free sweep of the wind. Tests occasionally show consider ably higher discharge rates over short periods of time. These abnormally high results are produced by the action of the wind upon certain openings of the building; they are not due to the ventilator itself, and cannot be depended upon for continuous ventilation if the direction of the wind changes. In the. smaller sizes of ventilators (12 in. or less in throat diameter) the air discharge per square inch of cross-sectional area is reduced, on account of the frictional resistance and, in the rotary types, on account of reduction of free area by the supports, bearings, etc. Example.--What is the capacity of an 18 in. ventilator, located 35 ft. above the floor, with 6 miles per hour wind velocity, 50 deg. fahr. outside temperature, 68 deg. fahr. inside temperature? . Answer.--A = 0.7854 X (18)' = 255 sq. in. 36. X 0 = 255. X _ 6+6 average capacity under these conditions. ) = 50,000 cu. ft. per hr., + 20 X 6 VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS The air supply per person and per hour, or the number of the renewals of air contents per hour is given on p. 166. To obtain effective, uniform ventilation and avoid local drafts, the ventilators should not be placed more than 30 ft. apart; 20 ft. apart is a good average. It is best, although not absolutely necessary, to locate the 232 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 ventilator at the ridge of the roof, unless the building exceeds 40 ft. in width, in which case two rows of smaller ventilators should be used. Where the building to be ventilated is surrounded by higher buildings which obstruct air currents; it is desirable to extend the ventilators above the buildings by mounting them on stacks. Example.--A foundry building is 40 ft. wide, 200 ft. long, with an average height of 40 ft.; the ventilators are to be mounted at the ridge of the roof, at a height of 55 ft. above the floor. What number and size of ventilators are required? Answer.--In this case, ventilation is especially necessary in summer. The air in the building should not be over 10 deg. fahr. warmer than the outside air. The wind velocity may be as low as 4 miles per hour. Spacing the ventilators, tentatively, 25 ft. apart, 8 ventilators would be required. Under average conditions, 10 air renewals per hour are sufficient. If the foundry is small and cramped, and pouring takes place over a large section of the floor space, 15 or more air renewals per hour may be needed. On the basis of 10 renewals per hour, the capacity of each ventilator must be: 10 X (200 ft. X 40 ft. X 40 ft.) Q = 8 = 400,000 cu. ft. per hour The discharge per square inch of throat area under these conditions is; 36 X 55 X 10 deg. _ 6 + 4 mi./hr. + 20 X 4 mi./hr. 165. cu. ft. of air per hr. The required throat area per ventilator is 400,000 = 2420. sq. in. 165. if there is no resistance and no wind pressure. 5VThe diameter is +i---- = 55.5 inches. Standard sizes are 54 in. and 60 in. .7854 Either eight--54 in. or else seven--60 in. ventilators could be used, spaced respectively 25 ft. or 28 ft. apart. The foregoing is based on the use of high class ventilators. If ventila tors of lower efficiency are used, or if the air flow into the building is restricted (as in winter) larger ventilators may be required. CONTROL OF VENTILATION The ideal ventilator would be one which utilized to the very best advantage even the very lowest wind velocities; attained full capacity at a wind velocity of 4 or 5 miles per hour; and then automatically con trolled the air flow so that the discharge remained constant at all higher wind velocities. Such an ideal ventilator does not exist. The best types now on the market do, however, fulfill very well the first two requirements; for the last one, hand regulation is depended upon. For this purpose either a butterfly damper is provided in the throat of the ventilator, or, in some of the rotary types, 'louvres are sometimes arranged at the discharge opening of the ventilator. The damper or louvres may be operated by chains from the floor of the build ing, or the butterfly damper electrically controlled by push button. The louvres with their operating device have the disadvantage of restrict- 233 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 ing the free area of discharge, even when open wide. In some designs, this results in a serious reduction of capacity. Ice can interfere with their operation. The dampers may be made to close automatically in case of fire, by use of a weight and fusible link arrangement. The dampers should be so located that ice cannot freeze them tight so that adjustment is impossible. Regulation may also be accomplished, just as effectively, by restricting the flow of air into the building (closing the windows or doors), although this is quite inconvenient in many cases. APPLICATION OF VENTILATORS The use of ventilators on factory and mill buildings is too well known to require comment. For pickling rooms, etc., where noxious fumes are produced, they are practically indispensable. Ventilators for houses are becoming quite common, especially for the ventilation of bathrooms, which has been much neglected in the past. A frequent use for ventilators is on the top of chimneys, to prevent down drafts and to increase the updraft by means of wind action. For use on houses, several requirements must be kept iri mind. Good appearance and noiseless operation are very important. The motion of the ventilator, if of the revolving type, must not shake the building or cause knocks or thumps; and the construction must be such that in the winter the movable part does not freeze to the fixed portion of the venti lator and thus stop the rotation. On account of the increasing danger of carbon monoxide posioning, it is becoming regular practice to equip garages with ventilators to carry off the waste gases coming from motor exhausts. Another application of ventilators is found in connection with power ventilating systems on the outlet or discharge opening. A very important application for ventilators is on schools, where re circulation of air is used. The duty required, necessitates careful selection. Down draft must positively be eliminated. Catalog Data Section with INDEX TO MODERN EQUIPMENT . (Pages. 446-455) and INDEX TO ADVERTISERS (Pages 456-458) 234 Air Conditioning Atmospreric SoNDrnoNiNe Corporation Monadnock Block Chicago Main Ojfice 921 Lafayette Building Philadelphia Singer Building New York Territorial Offices in the Principal Cities of the United States Also Throughout Canada and London, England Humidifying, Dehumidifying, Cleansing, Cooling, Humidity Control Modern Ventilation Modern Ventilation practice demands the removal of dust and foreign matter from incoming air whether it be for in suring comfort or providing healthful con ditions for audience, student or employee and applies to efficiency and accuracy in many manufacturing processes. Of more importance, however, is the maintenance of the proper relative hu midity by the addition or removal of mois ture from the air according to season or local conditions. The design, manufacture and in some cases the installation of air conditioning apparatus in many types of buildings is our sole undertaking and during fifteen years of research and practice we have furnished hundreds of equipments with remarkable results. In Schools, Auditoriums, Theatres, Ball Rooms, Dining Rooms, Cafes, Court Rooms and all spaces where people gather in large numbers our type of equip ment has become essential. Humidifiers have been furnished for producing and maintaining the proper relative humidity. Webster Spray Nozzle Used in All Atmospheric Installations Dehumidifiers have been installed in Industrial Plants where excessive humid ity must be removed, for drying or process work. This being accomplished either by evaporation of the spray water or the use of artesian well water. In many cases it is found necessary to resort to refrigeration and in this type of equipment we have excelled. View of Spray Chamber Showing Nozzles in Operation Equipment for Maintaining Artificial Atmospheric Conditions in Industrial Plants ' The addition of the proper percentage of humidity to make up deficiency. The removal of excessive humidity when high moisture content in the air prevents .proper drying or carrying out of certain processes. Maintaining either high or low tempera tures where local conditions or specific ma terials demand such treatment. The maintenance of uniform humidity conditions within 2 per cent of that for which control is set. The maintenance of working space at the Comfort Zone to insure efficiency of employees. 236 .i r Atmospheric Conditioning Corporation Air Conditioning The cleansing and cooling of air for the Ventilation of Turbo-Alternators, equipment commonly known as Generator Coolers. Webster Air Washers Type .A Apparatus, designed primarily for air washing in connection with ventila ting systems in public buildings, where a moderate cooling effect by evaporation is desired. Type B Apparatus, designed for air washing in public buildings and industrial plants, where the greatest possible cooling effect by evaporation is desired. Webster System of Humidity Control may be applied to the various types of Webster Air Washers, Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers. Perfect in principle and accurate in operation--the chief control ling thermostat subject to water, a me dium with four times the specific heat of air. Service Each Air Conditioning problem is a separate study and it has been found im possible to set forth in catalogue or bulletin form such information as would apply to any specific case except in a general way. We have such catalogues and bulletins as would give the prospective purchaser a general idea as to what the apparatus would consist but we find that in the end a personal interview is desirable. We gladly render service to those in terested, in the form of recommendations Atmospheric Dehumidifier, in successful operation since 1918 in large plant manufacturing food products and quotations, no charge being made ex cept for actual equipment furnished. We will not undertake a contract where we cannot accomplish just the results the buyer wishes, but where we do accept an undertaking we will give our best thought and skill to its complete accomplishment. 237 Air Conditioning Carrier Fnqineerinq Corporation Offices and Laboratories: 750 Frelinghuysen Ave. Newark, N. J. Boston, 176 Federal St. New York, 39 Cortlandt St. Chicago, Transportation Bldg. Buffalo, Prudential Bldg. Los Angeles, Douglas Bldg. Philadelphia, Land Title Bldg. . Carrier Engineering Co., Ltd. Bombay 24, Buckingham Gate, London . Paris Engineers, Manufacturers, Contractors, specializing in the design and instal lation of automatically controlled Air Conditioning Equipment, Heating, Cooling, Ventilation, Humidification, Dehumidification, and the scientific application of Conditioned Air in Drying and Processing. Design and installation of Industrial Piping. Manufactured - Weather to make "Every day a good day." Air Conditioning is the science of mechanically regulating the (1) tempera ture, (2) humidity, (3) cleanliness and (4) effective distribution of the air within buildings or enclosures, such as dryrooms. Based upon the pioneer research and invention of Willis H. Carrier during the last twenty years, this Corporation has developed scientifically effective and me chanically adequate equipment and auto matic control for the conditioning of air. Carrier Equipment has been installed in more than one hundred distinctly different industries, as varied as the manufacture of chewing gum and cotton goods. The tremendous fund of engineering and construction experience acquired in meeting these widely varying requirements enable us to offer a valuable service in the design of air conditioning equipment for any purpose... The limitations of space herein preclude a complete technical description of the principles involved, the apparatus and the methods of automatic control employed. Broadly, wherever weather or the var iations of atmosphere temperature and humidity affect either the labor or the process of manufacture, Carrier Equip ment can be applied to make "Every day a good day." ' . Typical Carrier Humidifier, with - Sprays in operation. Air enters the Hu midifier at the right, . thru the Distributor Plates, passes across the Spray Chamber where it is cleaned and saturated at the Spray Water tem perature, and leaves the Machine thru the Eliminator Plates, which, by means of their wet Surfaces, . complete the Cleans ing A ction, and elim inate entrained or free moisture. . 238 Carrier Engineering Corporation Air Conditioning - Manufactured Weather (as we generally | and remarkably flexible in its adaptability speak of air conditioning) can be provided to given requirements. The most delicate in axact accordance with specific require products, both physically and chemically, ments. Humidifying equipment provides can be processed or dried under automatic air that is clean, heated to any desired control, quickly and at minimum cost. degree in winter, cooled to the outdoor For the more rugged products, where speed Wet Bulb temperature in summer, moist and cost are the principal factors, con ened as required, and distributed uniformly ditioned air drying or processing is, in and effectively to the area wherein it is to nearly every instance, the most desirable perform its functions, whether this be an and economical method available. entire building, separate departments of a building, the interior of a dryer or enclosed machines. Dehumidifying equipment, during the winter season, performs all the functions of humidifying apparatus and, in addition, by the use of naturally cold water or mechanical, refrigeration, meets every summer requirement; providing any tem perature desirable and any degree of humidity or moistness required. Thus dehumidifying equipment makes possible the uninterrupted production in summer, or in localities where the climate is un favorable, of those materials which are affected by temperature or humidity, or both. Or., dehumidification will relieve On account of the mulitplicity of factors involved in a comprehensive explanation of our business, we publish, privately, a bi-monthly magazine. The Weather Vein, which relates, not too technically, the constantly lengthening story of Manu factured Weather and its industrial ap plications. We invite any interested per son to become a "regular subscriber." The subscription price is your request. In addition to The Weather Vein we have published a number of Bulletins describing Carrier Apparatus and certain of its specific applications. These Bul letins are at your disposal, upon your request. excessive temperature and moisture con We invite you to avail yourself of the ditions which affect the employees. opportunity to become familiar with the The application of Conditioned Air in principles and practice of scientific air Drying or Processing is becoming more conditioning, through our publications. and more important every day. Con Manufactured Weather has proven an ditioned Air drying is a natural, efficient invaluable ally in scores of industries, and process, susceptible to accurate control I the list'.is growing rapidly. . Typical Carrier Self-Contained Dehumidifier. A--Distributor Plates. B--Sprays. C--Eliminator Ewes. D---Outlet. E--Fan Connection. G--Fon Motor. H--Fan Outlet Connection to . Duct System. I--Pump Suction Screen. J--Pump Suction Line. K--Three-way Mixing Valve. L--Line from Upper lank to .Three-way Valve. M--Pump. N--Pump Motor. O--Pump Discharge Line. P--Pot Strainer. Q--By-Pass to Upper Tank for quick cooling at start. R--Drip Troughs over Baudelot Coils S--Baudelot Corf*. T--Refrigerant Inlet. U--Refrigerant Outlet. V--Air Compressor for Automatic Control. W--Overflow from Lower Tank. X--Upper Tank Drain. Y--Lower Tank Drain to Sewer Z--Fresh Water Connections for Make-up and Cleaning. . 239 Air Conditioning W. L. Fleisher & Co., Inc. 31 Union Square West New York, N. Y. Chicago, III., 1042 Wrigley Bldg. Camden, N. J., Thorne and Copewood Sts. Consulting and Contracting Industrial Engineers for Air Conditioning and Drying ' Fleisher-Sturtevant AIR CONDITIONING AND DRYING SYSTEMS Fleisher-Sturtevant Equipment .The Fleisher-Sturtevant air conditioning systems are designed to overcome the handicaps imposed on industry by variations in, or adverse climatic, weather or atmos pheric conditions. They insure to the manufacturers that effect on materials and pro cesses which can only be produced by ideal air characteristics, making his plant entirely independent of the seasons or the weather. Whether the cure for such difficulties involves the creation of high or low tempera ture, and high or low humidities in any combination, dependable apparatus, a careful design and a broad basis of experience, is offered by the combined Fleisher and Sturtevant organizations. All apparatus used is manufactured by the B. F. Sturtevant Co., the oldest, largest and one of the most experienced fan and air apparatus builders in this country. The highest type of service, both from the engineering and contracting viewpoint, is assured by W. L. Fleisher & Co., Inc. Catalogs are ready for distribution, giving both the general details of the apparatus used, and also, for each specific industry, giving the particular advantages of such in stallations to that industry. Sales Engineers are located in practically every principal city. Upon request they will call on manufacturers for consideration of their problems and to collect data for recommendations, estimates, and guarantees of results. 240 Air Diffusers Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Co. 202-204 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK Knowles Air Diffusers for Auditoriums of THEATRES, CHURCHES, SCHOOLS There is a Knowles Mushroom Ventilator or Air Diffuser for every condition requiring the uniform introduction or uniform exhausting of air from a church, theatre, or school auditorium. Details of three of the leading Knowles products are given below and the engineer who uses, this equipment will find Knowles engineers ready to cooperate on any ventilating problem. Notch Type Mushrooms. Are adjustable by merely.raising and lowering the cap in recessed notches, and locking. They cannot be tamperi^|witfhand are made with lugs for either wood or concrete floors. No set screws. Tjhree outer bearings make them rigid. .. ? ` > t` J* * ^ ' Size C. F. M. At 300 VeL Area. Sq.Ft. Weight, Lbs. 5" 6' V" 8' 10* 27 42 60 81 105 165 0.087 0.136 0.1% 0.267 0.549 0.545 2.75 3.50 4.25 5.75 8.00 11.75 Standard Aisle Hood Air Deflectors Are used to throw the fresh air out into the aisles in one direction. They provide the engineer with an inexpensive method of introducing a large volume of air wherever needed without causing annoying drafts. A curved damper reduces friction loss. Long Wide High Lbs. C. F. M. at 300 Area va Sq.Ft. Small Size........ ... . Large Size........ ... 8*' 8' ww 6' 6' ?'/i 75 13 100 0.25 0.333 May also be made in any size to suit conditions. Camelback Air Diffusers Give a two-way air delivery, at ends as shown and are particularly desirable in keeping duct work at a minimum. They are furnished with or without dampers. Nos. 1 and 3 have no dampers while Nos. 2 and 4 have two regulating dampers. Nos. 1 and 3--Size 14" long, 7" wide, 6" high at ends. Nos. 2 and 4--Size 14" long, 7" wide, 5" high at ends. (See Booklet for Capacities All are of substantial construction being made of heavy cast iron. Other Knowles Products are Single Damper, Double Damper, Bottom Damper-type Mushrooms, and the famous Lever Lock Mushroom. Send for new booklet containing complete engineering data. 241 Air Cleaners Reed Air Filter Co Incorporated Factory and General Offices 215-225 Central Avenue LOUISVILLE, KY. NEW YORK OFFICE 50 CHURCH STREET Reed Air fitters " BRANCH OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES THE Reed System of Air Fil tration provides a simple, economical and efficient method of supplying clean air for ventilation and industrial processes. The Reed Air Filter--all metal --operates on the same funda mental principle as the human nostril. Air in passing through the filter impinges upon the filter media coated with "Adhesine," a viscous liquid having a strong affinity for dust, dirt and soot. As the successive layers of dirt are Removing Cell for Cleaning deposited and bound on the filter medium, additional "Adhesine" is supplied by capillary action, being withdrawn from the minute drops or reservoirs of the liquid held at the intersections of the media and in this way. binding and keeping the entire system moist for considerable periods. CLEANING AND CHARGING When dirty the cells are dipped in the cleaning tank, recharged with "Adhesine" and again put back into service. FLEXIBILITY The Reed Filter unit, consisting of a filter cell and its frame, forms a complete filtering unit in itself, but is so designed to be quickly and easily attached to other units, allowing expansion to meet almost any requirements as to capacity and avail able space. . Our Engineering and Research Depart ment will gladly furnish data and sketches without cost or obligation to you. Specifications Size. 20"x20"x4" Capacity (Normal Rat.), 800 C. F. M. Resistance, 0.25" to 0.30" W. G. Efficiency, . 97% Velocity (recommended). 360 C. F. M. Weight, 25 lb. Reed Bulletins 106--Description of Reed System. 107--Tests, Data, Specifications. 108--General Ventilation. 109--Vent. Electrical Machinery. 110--Air Compressors. 111--Drying Operation and Bacteria Control. 242 Air Filters New York, N. Y. Boston, Mass. Philadelphia, Pa. Cleveland, O. Columbus, O. . *00 EAST *3T.r STREET NEW YORK. N.Y. U S.A BRANCHES Indianapolis, Ind. Minneapolis, Minn. San Francisco, Cal. Kansas City. Mo. Pittsburgh, Pa. Chicago. III. Richmond. Va. St. Louis, Mo. Denver, Colo. Detroit. Mich. Salt- Lake City. Utah Milwaukee. Wis. ' Seattle, Wash. Dallas. Texas Montreal, Canada . Midwest Air Filters are made in types to fill every need for CLEAN AIR. Type U-2, however, illustrated below, meets all requirements in most general ventilating problems. These filters are based on the unit principle, each unit consisting of a cell and a frame, completely interchangeable with the other cells and frames of an installation. Practically any requirements of space and capacity can be met by the flexibility of the system. Figure 1 shows a single unit Type U-2 and Figure 2 shows a typical installation. Midwest Air Filters do not clog, but resume their original resistance after each easily accomplished cleaning. Our engineering service is at your command. SPECIFICATIONS Size of Unit............................................ 20 x 20 x 4 in. Capacity per unit.......... ..........--800 C. F. M. Resistance...............................................% in. W. G. Approx. - Shipping weight per unit..............40 lb. Efficiency................................. -.............. Maximum dust content in cleaned air will not at any time, exceed 0.1 grain per 1000 cu. ft. The Midwest Super-Filter is a new type for use where extremely clean air is essential. This filter makes possible a degree of cleanliness hitherto unattainable commercially and is guaranteed to allow a maxi mum dust content in the cleaned air of only 0.01 grain per 1000 cu. ft. Fie. I--Type U-t Frame and Cell 243 Fig. S--Typical Installation Boiler Liquid REPAIRS LEAKS IN STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS AND AUTO RADIATORS, CRACKED CYLINDERS, WATER JACKETS Made by "X" LABORATORIES, 25 West 45th St., New York Factories: Boston and Montreal X" " Liquid repairs quickly and permanently all leaks in steam boilers (low or high pressure) hot water heaters and entire sys tems. Just pour it in. Used by over 30,000 heating contractors in the United States and Canada, the United States Government, General Electric, American Telephone and Telegraph, Standard Oil Co., etc. Over three million cans sold an nually. Carried by ALL jobbers of Steamfitters Supplies. Fully guar anteed or money back. Resists Any. Steam Pressure "X" Liquid is a pure colloidal solution which combines and cir culates freely with the water in the boiler flowing out through every crack where the water leaks. Con tact with the air and heat causes the Liquid to solidify making a permanent repair which will resist any steam pressure. It has repaired Stanley (Automobile) boilers. . "X" finds and seals multitu dinous hair cracks, leaky bolt heads and makes inside repairs which would be impossible to repair otherwise. Where cracks are very large, it is best to stuff with lead wool or tin foil to retard the flow. Increases Thermal Efficiency The use of "X" Liquid increases thermal boiler efficiency because it dissolves rust and the deposits of lime and silica which quickly coat the inside of pipes and boilers re ducing heat conductivity. Boilers can be kept permanently free from corrosion by occasional addition of "X" Liquid to the "X" Boiler Liquid Sold by all Jobbers . Sues and Prices Quart Cansfit^.'lJ:.......................... . $6.00 Each Half Gallon Cans.......................... $10.00 Each Boilers, Steam and Hot Water ABENDR0TH BROTHERS &uk. uno Port Chester, N. Y. HEATERS YORK for Steam - Water - Vapor "The genius of modern heating engineers and the skill of master craftsmen.'* Rated conservatively according to accepted standards, and built on the soundest principles of heater construction. . TANK HEATERS For Every Requirement 40 to 1,800 Gal. Capacities. Tested to 250 lb. pressure. YORK ROUND SECTIONAL Diameter Number Hating Fire Pot at Crate Water Line Twjw Each Flow and Return 16 Y S 3 275 16 18V. 2-2 19 YS 3 350 19 yA 2-2% 20 YS 3 450 20 42*/, 2-2% 22 Y S 3 650 22 45 2-3 25 Y S 3 700 25 4VV. 2-3 28YS 3 900 28 49 2-4 16 Y W 3 450 16 2-2 19 Y W 3 20 Y W 3 22 Y W 3 25YW3 28 Y W 3 575 740 900 1150 1485 19 20 22 25 28 i'W? 2-V/z 2-3 2-3 2-4 16YS 4 300 16 43'/, 2-2 19YS 4 375 19 44% 2-2% 20YS 4 475 20 48 2-2% 22 Y S 4 675 22 50 2-3 25YS 4 750 25 3iVa 2-3 28YS 4 965 28 *% 2-4 16YW4 19 Y W 4 20 Y W 4 22 YW4 25YW4 28YW4 500 620 780 950 1240 1590 16 19 20 22 25 28 2-2 2-2% 2-2% 2-3 2-3 2-4 16YS 5 325 16 47'/z 2-2 19YS 5 400 19 49% 2-2% 20YS 5 500 20 '/, 2-2% 22 Y S 5 600 22 55 2-3 25YS 5 800 25 wv. 2-3 28YS 5 1025 28 60 2-4 16 Y W 5 19 Y W 5 20 Y W 5 22 Y W 5 25 Y W5 28 Y W 5 640 660 826 990 1320 1650 16 19 20 22 25 28 2-2 2-2'/, 2-2% 2-3 2-3 2-4 YORK SQUARE SECTIONAL Crate Tapping Number Rating Diraen- Each Flow . sions and Return 200 and 300 204 205 206 207 208 305 306 307 308 309 310 700 900 1,100 .1.300 1.500 1.450 1.800 2.150 2.500 2.850 3.200 20x23 20x30 20x37 20x44 20x51 30x30 30x37 30x44 30x51 30x58 30x65 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 200 and 300 Water 204 205 206 207 208 305* 306 307 308 309 310 1,150 1.475 1,800 2.1S0 2.475 2,400 3,000 3,550 4.125 4,700 5,280 . 20x23 20x30 20x37 20x44 20x51 30x30 30x37 30x44 30x51 30x58 30x65 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 405 2,900 40x34 2-5 406 3,625 40x42'/j 2-5 407 4,350 40x5) 2-5 Series 400 408 5,075 40x59'/, 3-5 409 5.800 40x68 3-5 410 6,525 40x76'/, 4-5 411 7.250 40x85 4-5 4)2 7,975 40x93/2 4-5 Series 400 Water 1 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 <12 4,800 6,000 7,200 8.400 9,600 10.600 12,000 13,200 40x34 40x42*/, 40x51 40x59'/, 40x68 40x76V, 40x85 40*93'/, 2-5 2-5 2-5 3-5 3-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 245 Boilers and Heating Equipment American Radiator Company General Executive Office 40 West 40th St. NEW YORK, N. Y. Western Executive Office 816 South Michigan Ave. CHICAGO, ILL. General Sales Department 1807 Elmwood Ave. . BUFFALO, N. Y. Ideal Boilers, American Radiators, Heating and Vacuum Cleaning Equipments We present sample pages taken from various catalogs issued by us. The pages selected illustrate newer products, and in part suggest the efforts this Company puts forth to meet the demands of Engineers for utmost refinement in heating devices. Catalogs containing valuable data for Engineers are being constantly issued or supplemented, such as the "fdfeal Fitter" catalog (384 pages), Vento Data Book for Engineers (48 pages), American Wall Radiator Installation Book (48 pages), Heat Transmission Book (24 pagffe)1, Areola Outfit Installation Book (24 pages), Lower ing the High Cost of Cleaning Buildings Through Arco Wand Vacuum Cleaners catalog (12 pages), How to Run the Steam and Hot Water Boiler catalogs (12 pages), Specifi cations for Steam and Water Systems (8 pages), Ideal Gas Boiler Manuals (16 pages each), Drying of Lumber, Paint and Varnish catalog (48 pages), etc. May we not, therefore, request that Heating Engineers kindly keep their names on file at our nearest Sales Branch in order that latest technical catalogs may be mailed. , Faithfully, American Radiator company Illustrates (at left) the CORTO Radiator, of classic design. Its heating surface equals, or exceeds, the best; its water content is threefourths of a pound per square foot of heating surface, or about one-half the contents of the usual form of radiator;' and its condensed spacings permit of placing 80% more heating surface in a given area of floor space than with any other type of radiator. Send for complete CORTO Radiator Catalog. (Pat. Sept. 4. 1917, May 10, 191, July 19, 19tl) Illustrates (at right) the VENTO Cast-Iron Hot Blast Heaters, now the standard, at home and abroad, for the heating of moving air. ? Made in 40, 50 and 60 in. Narrow pattern, and in 30, 40, 50, 60 and 72 in. Regular pattern. Please ask for special and complete catalog: "Engineers Data on VENTO Heaters." . 246 Front View of 10-Section VENTO' Stack American Radiator Company Boilers and Heating Equipment IDEAL Type "A" Heat Machines IDEAL Type "A " Boilers are made in two series, ranging in Steam from 1,000 to 6,000 sq. ft., and in Water from 1.600 to 9,600 sq. ft. They specially lend themselves to installation in batteryform. IDEALBoiler ratings conform with the rating formula of the A. S. H. & V. E. Code 1919. Number of Boiler Steamf Rating Sq. Ft. Number of Boiler RATINGS AND DATA Water Rating Sq- Ft. Area Sq.Ft. Fuel Capacity Us. Total Length "L" Ins. Outlets No. Size Inlets No. and Size Chimney Size Height Ins. Ft. S-2204-A S-2205-A S-2206-A S-2207-A S-2208-A S-2209-A S-3205-A S-3206-A S-3207-A S-3208-A S-3209-A S-32I0-A S-32II-A S-3212-A 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 W-2204-A W-2205-A W-2206-A W-2207-A W-2208-A W-2209-A W-3205-A W-3206-A W-3207-A W-3208-A W-32D9-A W-32I0-A W-3211-A W-3212-A 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200 8000 8600 9600 2.76 3.68.-. 4.60' 5.52 6.44 7.36 6.22 7.77 9.32 10.87 J2.42 13.97 15.52 17.07 245 328 411 494 577 660 660 825 990 1155 1320 1485 1650 1815 26 32 38 44 50 56 36 43 50 57 64 71 78 85 1-5 2-5 12x12 1-5 2-5 12x16 1-5 2-5 12x16 1-5 2-5 12x16 1-5 2-5 12x16 1-5 2-5, 12x16 35 35 35 40 45 45 1-6 1-6 2-6 2-6 16x|6 16x16 IT 40 "40 1-6 2-6 16x20 !- 1-6 1-6 2-6 2*6 16x20 20x20 ir45 1-6 1-6 2-6 20x20 2-6 ' 20x20 1 '50 50 1-6 2-6 20x20 55 BOILER lA -.-I 41H S or W-2204-A to 2209-A.. S or W-3205-A to 3212-A.. -| 57^ B 6i y. 69 EC | M| O \m\x 50 56% 1 1n9% p RS TU 112 <8 | 6563H 15% 22% 9'/s k I8K 26K COO : S or W-2204-A to 2209-A S or W 3205-A to 3112-A Boiler has Oval Smoke Pipe Collar for 18' pipe. V 41 57 American Radiator Company Boilers and Heating Equipment American Radiator Company Boilers and Heating Equipment Patents Pending Ideal Super Pockless Radiator Valve (No. 878) No packing of any kind is used. Opens with one turn. IDEAL Smokeless Boilers (Furnished With or With . out Ideal Metallic Jacket) ' Number of Boiler Rating Steam S q .F t Inleta Num ber and Size Chimney Size (Sea Level) in. Total " : Length U * Ina. i Outlet! Num ber and Size Chimney Size (Sea Level) lna. Chimney 1 i Height, F t. 11 IDEAL Smokeless Boilers are made in series, ranging in Steam from 8000 to 17,760 sq. ft., and in Water from 8250 to 88,500 sq. ft. They specially lend themselves to installation in batteryform. IDEAL Boiler ratings conform with the fating formula of the A.S.H.&V. E. Code 1919. RATINGS AND DATA . Steam Water 8 jj |! -5 . _r: a s sC 3 f j a(ScJf iSjjE fc. g <. M dir 1 Z-B jfs 2t& Sg E, *; a !i Arco Water Regulator (No. 800) For damper control of Hot Water Heating Boilers. Range lOCrto 220 F. Length of Bulb 2H inches. Connection, 2 inches. S-2906-S 2,000 6.05 36 1-5 2-4 12x16 40 W-29068 3,250 6.05 36 1-5 2-4 12x16 40 S-2907-S 2,400 7 76 42 1-5 2-4 16x16 40 W-29078 3,900 7.26 42 1-5 2-4 16x16 40 S-2908-S 2,800 8.47 46 1-5 2-4 16x16 45 W-29088 4,550 8.47 48 1-5 2-4 16x16 45 $I90*LS 3,200 9,68 54 7-5 2-4 16x2C 50 W-29098 5,200 9.68 34 7-5 2-4 16x2C 50 S-29IOS 3.600 10.89 60 2-5 2-4 I6x2C 55 W-29108 5,850 10.89 60 2-5 2-4 16x20 55 $2911.8 4,000 12.10 66 2-5 2-4 20x20 60 W-29II8 6,500 12.10 66 2-5 2-4 20x20 60 l S-3607-S 3.600 9.00 42 2-6 2-4 16x20 50 W-36078 6,200 9.00 '-42-~i .2-6 16x20 50 S-3608-S 4,430 10.50 48 2-6 2-4 20x20 50 W-36088 7,300 10.50 48 2-6 20x20 50 S-3609-S 5.100- I2.(V) 54 2-6 2-4 20x2C 55 W.36098 8.400 12.00 54 2-6 20x20 55 S-361&S 5,750 13.50 60 2-6 2-4 20x20 55 W-36108 9,500 13.50 60 2-6 20x20 55 $3611-5 6.400 15.00 66 2-6 2-4 20x20 60 W-36II8 10,600 15.00 66 2-6 20x20 60 $-36128 7.050 16.50 72 7-6 2-4 20x24 60 W.36I28 11,700 16.50 72 2-6 t 20x24 60 $>3613-5 7.700 18.00 78 2-6 2-4 20x24 65 W-36138 12,800 18.00 78 2-6 t 20x24 65 $36148 8.350 19.50 84 2-6 2-4 20x24 70 W-36148 13,900 19.50 84 7-6 t 20x24 70 $36138 9,000 21.00 90 2-6 2-4 24x24 75 W-36158 15,000 21.00 90 2-6 t 24x24 75 No. 815 Ideal Quick Vent All metal. Very sensitive. For venting mains, long runs of pipe, in direct stacks, drop risers, etc. Either K* <>r connection. Arco Junior, Water Regulator (No. 801) For damper control on Hot Water Supply Boilers. Length of bulb. 2 inches. Connection. IX inches. $46078 9,000 21.60 .681/, 3-6 4-4 24x24 70 W-46078 (4,500 21.60 68% 3-6 4-6 24x24 70 $46088 10,250 25.20 m. 3-6 4-4 24x24 75 W-48088 16,500 25.20 79% 3-6 4-6 24x24 75 $48098 11,500 25.20 90 3-6 4-4 24x28 60 W-48098 18,500 25.20 90 3-6 4-6 24x28 80 I $48108 12.750 28.60 100% 3-6 4-4 24x26 85 W-48108 20,500 28.80 100% 3-6 4-6 24x28 85 $43/18 14,000 28.60 IIIVr 4-6 4-4 28x28 95 W-48II8 22,500 28.80 111% 4-6 4-6 28x28 95 $46128 15,250 28.60 122% 4-6 4-4 26x28 100 W-48128 24.500 28.80 172% 4-6 4-6 28x28 100 < $48138 16.500 32.40 133 4-6 4-4 28x32 105 W-48138 26,500 32.40 133 4-6 4-6 28x32 105 $48148 17.750 32.40 143% 4-6 4-4 28x32 i 10 W-46148 28,500 32.40 143% 4-6 4-6 28x32 no Range 130 to 180. *Two 3J^-in. and two 4-In. . fFour 3%-in. and two 4-in. . Guarantee We guarantee that all Ideal Boilers will develop their stated capacities when tested in accordance with the standard testing code of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers (Revisions of 1919) and when fired with hard coal of 13.000 B.t.u. heat value per pound. For detailed information see page 85 of the Ideal Fitter of April 1. 1922. Selection of Proper Size Boiler For determining proper size of boiler for a given installation a careful study is recommended of pages 247 to 251 inclusive of the same edition of the Ideal Fitter. 248 1 i No. 817 Vento Vent For use on Veuto Heaters and Blast Coils. Patent Pending Arco Tank Regulator (Nos. 8S5-8S6) Range 140 to 180 F. For use on steam pressures up to 15 lbs. Sendfor complete catalog of I deal Heating Specialties 249 Boilers The Brownell Company Dayton, Ohio Sales Representatives in All Sections of the Country ad ower toilers. Feed Water Heaters, Tanks,Breechings, Stacks, Boiler Castings, Steel Plate Construction and Steam Engines. Since 1855, when The Brownell Co. was established, this company has been manu facturing a complete line of High Grade Boilers and other equipment. The Brownell Smokeless Firebox Boiler is designed and constructed to burn any kind of fuel economically and with- out smoke. Brownell Fire box Boilers are mechanically correct and insure long life. Brownell Heating Boilers have generous and properly designed fireboxes, permitting complete combustion and high efficiency. Brownell ratings are very con . servative, only the parts of boiler below the normal water level and coming in actual contact with the hot gases being considered as effective heating suiface. Brownell Boilers will carry the number of square feet of direct radiating surface or equivalent given in opposite tables if sufficient radiation is installed to heat the building to the required temperature. Brownell Firebox Heating Boilers are regularly built according to the A.S. M. E. Code for 15 lb. working pressure but will be furnished for pressure up to 100 lb. at an increased cost. Brovmell Return Flue Portable--Smokelett Type--Bulletin B-6A Brotcnell Brick-td Firebox Boiler--Direct Draft Type Bulletin B-6 BrowntU Return Flue Portable-Direct Draft Type--Bulletin B-6A 250 Brownell Brick-sel Firebox Boiler--Smokelett Type Bulletin B-6 The Brownell Co. Boilers / BROWNELL DIRECT DRAFT PORTABLE BOILERS 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 Capacity--Steam. Sq. Ft........ 2300 2900 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 700(1 800(1 9500 1100(1 1300(1 15000 1750(1 20000 25000 28000 Capacity--Water, Sq. Ft.___ 410(1 4800 580C 660C 7400 8300 9100 9901) 11600 V32U0 15700 1820(1 7150(1 24800 2850(1 3200(1 4000(1 45000 Approximate Weight............... 6900 7400 8300 wxir; 9800 10600 13200 14100 15900 I/3UJ 19600 21000 7300(1 24800 27100 29000 35000 38000 48 48 48 54 54 54 60 60 60 60 66 66 77 72 78 78 84 84 1 nvth Boiler Overall. Ft.. In.. 8-6 9-6 10-6 in-r 1H1 12-0 12-6 13-6 14-0 15-6 15-8 17-8 15-10 17-4 17-10 19-10 20-0 22-0 Heating Surface. Sq. Ft.......... 295 333 373 427 487 537 614 670 698 781 936 1061 1724 1356 1539 17% 2227 2478 Size of Steam. In..................... 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 / J 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 Size of Return, tn.................... 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Height ot Water Line. In........ 69 69 69 76 76 76 78 78- 78 78 87 87 92 92 92 92 98 98 Height, f loor to 1 op ot Shell, 84 84 84 91 91 9r 95 95 95 95 108 108 109 109 HO HO 116 >16 Space Required to Open Rear 25 25 25 28 28 26 30 30 30 30 35 35 37 37 40 40 43 43 Diam. Breeching. In............... 22 22 22 24 24 24- 26 76 28 28 30 3? 34 34 36 36 40 40 70 20 m 22 22 22 24 24 26 26 28 30 32 32 34 34 38 38 Min. Height Stack. Ft............. 50 50 55 55 53 60 60 60 65 65 65 70 70 70 80 90 90 100 30 30 30 34 34 34 38 38 40 40 44 46 50 50 52 52 56 56 Diam. Stack, l Boilers, In.... 28 28 28 31 31 31 34 34 36 36 40 42 46 46 48 48 54 54 Minimum Height Stack. 2 Boilers, Ft............................ 60 60 65 65 65 70 70 70 75 75 75 80 80 80 90 100 100 too BROWNELL SMOKELESS PORTABLE BOILERS 307 308 .309 .310 311 312 313 314 315 316 .317 .318 319 320 321 322 323 374 3000 3500 4000 4500 500(1 550(1 600(1 650C 7500 8500 IOOOO 1200(1 14000 1600(1 18000 2000(1 25000 30000 Capacity--Water, Sq. Ft........ 5000 5800 6600 7400 8300 9100 9900 10700 12400 14000 16500 1980(1 73100 26400 29700 33000 40000 48000 Approximate Weight............... /KM 8600 9300 10400 IHU0 11900 1430(1 153011 16900 1/800 20000 21900 74000 75500 2/90(1 28000 35000 41000 48 48 48 54 54 54 60 60 60 60 66 66 72 72 78 78 84 84 LenffthBoiler Overall, Ft., In. 8-7 9-10 10-1(1 10-7 11-7 12-7 12-7 13-7 15-1 16-1 15-9 17-9 16-6 17-8 17-8 18-8 20-1 24-1 Heating Surface, Sq. Ft.......... 307 381 405 472 526- 5/9 631 687 766 m 922 1062 1255 1370 1529 1601 2090 2655 Size of Steam, In...................... 6 6 6 6 6 6 J 7 7 i 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 Size of Return, In.................... 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Height of Water Line, In........ 69 69 69 76 76 76 /8 78 78 78 87 87 92 92 92 92 103 103 Height, h loor to 1 op ot Shell. In.......................................... 84 84 84 92 92 92 95 95 95 95 108 108 109 109 110 no 118 116 Space Required to Open Rear Doors, In............................... 25 `25 25 28 28 28 30 30 30 30 35 35 37 37 42 42 44 44 Diam. Breeching. In................ 22 22 22 74 24 24 26 , 26 28 28 30 32 34 34 36 3b 40 40 20 20 20 ?? U 22 24 74 26 2b 28 W n V i4 34 38 38 50 55 55 55 55 60 60 60 65 65 65 70 70 . 70 80 90 90 (00 Diam. Breeching. 2 Boilers, In. 30 30 30 34 34 34 38 38 40 40 44 46 50 50 52 52 56 56 Diam. Slack. 2 Boilers. In... . 28 28 28 31 31 31 34 34 36 36 40 42 46 46 48 48 54 54 Min. Height Stack. 2 Boilers. FL......................................... 60 65 65 65 65 70 70 70 75 75 75 80 80 80 90 100 100 110 BROWNELL DIRECT DRAFT BRICK-SET BOILERS Boiler No................................. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Capacity--Steam. Sq. ht....... 900 1050 1200 1400 1700 2001 200C 2600 300(1 350(1 400(1 450(1 5500 6500 7500 8700 10000 11000 1700(1 14000 1500 1/00 700(1 730(1 2800 33<M: 331X1 4300 500(1 580X1 660(1 740(1 9IUJ 10700 f 7400 14400 16500 18200 1980(1 23100 2800 30UC 3200 360(1 470(1 480(1 5201 5600 600(1 700(1 780(1 8600 970(1 11000 13500 14800 16000 17400 ! 860(1 ?0400 30 30 30 36 36 36 42 42 42 48 48 48 54 54 60 60 66 66 72 72 Length Boiler, ft, in............ 6-6 7-6 8-6 7-6 9-0 JO-6 8-6 10-0 11-6 10-6 12-0 13-6 14-0 16-6 15-6 18-0 16-0 18-0 16-0 18-0 Heating Surface. Sq. Ft......... 113 128 143 193 231 268 269 317 364 390 444 499 573 683 755 887 9/1 109/ 1183 1343 Size of Steam, In.................... 3 3 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 b 6. 7 7 7 / 7 8 8 8 8 7.'/i 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 Height of Water Line. In....... si 53 53 59 59 59 61 61 61 65 65 65 67 67 75 75 80 80 85 85 Height h loor to I op of Brick 70 70 70 77 77 77 83 83 83 90 90 90 96 % 108 108 114 114 120 120 12 14 16 16 18 18 20 20 22 22 24 24 28 28 32 32 32 32 36 36 Diam. Stack, In................ . . 12 12 14 14 16 1b 18 18 20 20 22 22 26 26 - 30 30 30 30 34 34 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 45 45 45 so 50 50 50 55 55 60 60 60 . 60 26 . 28 30 30 34 36 38 40 40 40 42 44 46 24 26 28 28 30 32 34 34 36 36 36 38 40 42 Min. Height Stack. 2 Boilers. Ft......................................... 50 50 50 50 50 50 55 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 Approximate Shipping Weight....... Length Boiler Overall. Ft.. In.. ... Heating Surface. Sq. Ft................... Height Floor to Top of Brick Work, Space Required to Open Rear Diam. Breeching. 2 Boilers, In....... Min. Height Stack, 2 Boilers. Ft.. . BROWNELL SMOKELESS BRICK-SET BOILERS 110 111 112107 108 109 113 114 115 116 2600 3100 3600 4000 4700 5500 6500 7500 8500 10000 4300 5100 5900 6600 7800 9100 10700 12400 14000 16500 6100 6700 7200 8400 9100 9800 12300 13600 16000 17400 42 42 42 46 48 48 54 54 60 60 9-10 11-4 12-11 12-4 13-10 15-4 15-10 10-4 17-10 20-4 309 359 409 448 506 563 643 756 851 987 6666677 7 7 7 4444455 5 5 5 (>V 61 61 65 65 65 67 67 75 75 82 82 82 89 89 89 95 95 107 107 22 22 22 25 25 25 28 28 30 30 22 22 24 24 2? 27 30 30 34 34 20 20 22 22 24 24 28 28 32 32 50 50 50 50 55 55 60 60 60 60 28 30 34 34 36 36 38 40 42 42 26 60 28 60 30 60 30 60 32 60 32 60 73401 36 70 38 38 70l 75 0*1 117 11500 19000 19400 66 18-4 1074 6 6 80 113 35 36 34 70 44 40 75 118 13000 21500 21000 66 20-4 1204 8 6 80 113 35 36 34 70 46 42 60 119 14000 23100 22400 72 18-4 1303 8 6 86 119 37 38 36 70 48 44 80 120 16000 26400 24300 72 20-4 1468 8 6 86 H9: 37 38 36 70 50 46 80 Boilers (Gas Fired) The BryantHeater&Mfg,Compny Factory, 952 E. 72nd St. (JUBULARJ tAOl\ /mABK CLEVELAND, OHIO . BRANCH OFFICES Pittsburgh, Pa., East End Trust Bldg., Penn and Hiland Ave.; Cincinnati, Ohio, 421 Union Trust Bldg.; Canton, Ohio, 1607 Shorb Ave.; Philadelphia. Pa., Bourse Bldg.; San Francisco, Cal.. 710 Polk St.; Boston, Mass., 126 High St.; Buffalo. N. Y., Erie County Bank Bldg.; New York, N. Y.. 212 Livingston St., Brooklyn; Chicago. III., 218 S. Wabash Ave.: Denver. Colo., 1425 Sixteenth St.; Toledo. Ohio, 449 Nicholas Bldg.; St. Louis, Mo., 151501iveSt.; Baltimore, Md., 1116 Lexington Bldg. Products Bryant Gas Boilers for Hot Water, Steam or Vapor Heat. - Bryant Hot Water Storage Systems. Bryant Low Pressure Steam Generator. General Description of Boiler-- A patented boiler of tubular, sec tional construction having an in dividual burner for each section. Embodies thermostatic control and other automatic regulating devices. Gives 84J4 per cent efficiency with natural or manufactured, gas. Constructed of cast iron with heavy base which serves as founda tion. Heat is quickly transmitted through thin walls of liberally pro portioned tubes; staggarji tubes give a long heat travel; scientifically designed burners afford perfect combustion; tubes easily accessible for cleaning, if desired. General Description of Hot Wa ter Storage System--A rugged system suited, for all places requir ing a large supply of hot water on instant notice. Boiler is controlled by automatic devices, and main tains a tank, full of hot water at all times. Has ample capacity to handle peak loads or sustained heavy demands. ' Bryant Service--Bryant represen tatives go anywhere. Apply for information at any of the above branch offices or communicate with headquarters. 252 TheBryant Heater <2. MfG-CoMPANV Boilers (Gas Fired) Ratings and Dimensions of Bryant Gas Boilers Steam Boiler No. Water Boiler No. Dimensions, Inches Sections Type Tappings yJI& Rating Rating AB C D E FGH j K L 3-S-2 4-S-2 5-S-2 3-S-3 4-S-3 5-S-3 6-S-3 7-S-3 8-S-3 9-S-4 11--S--4 I3-S-4 I5-S-4 I7-S-4 I9-S-4 2I-S-4 23-S-4 2S-S-4 27-S-4 29-S-4 3I-S-4 33-S-4 35-S-4 37-S-4 39-S-4 41--S--4 200 265 335 400 560 720 680 1040 1200 1500 1880 2260 2640 3020 3400 3780 4160 4540 2920 5300 5680 6060 6440 6820 7200 7580 3-C-2 4-C-2 SrC-2 3-C-3 4-C-3 5-C-3 6-C-3 7-C-3 8-C-3 9-C-4 ll-C-4 I3-C-4 I5-C-4 I7-C-4 19-C-4 2I-C-4 23-C-4 25-C-4 27-C-4 29-04 3I-C-4 33-04 35-04 37-04 39-0-4 4I-C-4 320 425 535 640 895 1150 1410 1665 1920 2400 3010 3620 4220 4830 5440 6050 6660 7260 7870 8460 9090 9700 10,300 10,910 11,520 12,330 II 47 5 1536 28% 29 29* 77 12% 47 5 16% 31* 29 29* 22 12% 47 5 21* 34% 29 29* 22 12'/, 65 5 17* 30% 37 46 36 15* 66 6 20% 33% 37 46 36 15* 66 6 23* 37% 37 46 36 15* 66 6 26% 41* 37 46 36 15* 67 7 29* 441/4 37 46 36 15* 67 7 33 47* 37 46 36 15* 66'/; 8 40% 54* 37 47% 37 15% 67 6 47% 6P/ 3/% 47% 37 13*4 67 8 54% 70% 3/% 47V. 37 15*4 67'A 9 61% 77% 47% 37 155/4 sa67% 9 69% 86 67% 9 76% 93% 9 83% 100% 47% 37 155/4 47% 37 IS?/* 47% 37 15% 68 10 90% I07y4 47% 37 153/4 68 10 115 47% 37 15% II 105% 122% 37% 47% 37 155/4 11 U2% 37% 47% 37 1534 %II M9% 37% 475/4 37 15J/. 68% II 127% 144 475/4 37 153/, II U4>A 15I'A 4754 37 153/* li69 12 141% 156% 37% 4754 37 153/* 69 17 148% 165% 4754 37 IV/. 69 12 156% 173 475/4 37 15% 2 18 13% 2 18 13% 2 18 13% 3 26% 21% 3 26% 21% 3 26% 21% 3 26$ 21% 3 21% 3 26% 21% 4 26% 21% fA4 26% 21% 4 21% 4 21% 4 ' 26% 21% 4 26%- 21% 4 26% 21% 4 26% 21% 4 26% 71% 4 26% 21% 4 2i% 21% 4 26% 21% 4 26% 21% 4 26% 21% 4 26% 21% 4 26% 21% 4 26% .21'/, Capacities of Bryant Hot Water Storage Systems Boiler HP. Available B.t.u. Boiler No. Capacity, in gallons per hour raised 60" 100" 140 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.4 63 7.2 . 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 ' 33 35 . 37 39 41 45.000 60,500 75,500 90.500 120,500 151.000 161,000 211,000 241.500 305,000 372.000 439,000 506,000 573.000 640.000 707,000 774,000 840,000 908.000 975.000 1.041,000 ' U09.000 1,176,000 1,242,000 1,310.000 . 1,377,000 3-A-2 4-A-2 5-A-2 3-A-3 4-A-3 S-A-3 6-A-3 7-A-3 8-A-3 9-A-4 11-A-4 13-A-4 I5-A-4 17-A-4 I9-A-4 21-A-4 23-A-4 25-A-4 27-A-4 29-A-4 31-A-4 33-A-4 35-A-4 37-A-4 39-A-4 4I-A-4 94 126 157 185 240 300 360 420 480 610 735 880 1020 1150 1280 1410 1540 1660 1820 1940 2080 2220 2350 2480 2620 2750 54 72 90 no 145 180 215 250 290 370 450 530 610 690 770 850 930 1010 1090 1170 1250 1330 1410 1490 1570 1650 39 52 65 80 105 130 155 180 205 260 320 380 435 485 550 605 660 720 775 835 890 950 1005 1060 1120 1180 253 Boilers Irvington, N. Y. Makers of Low Pressure Cast Iron Boilers Twin Section for heavy duty work. Sections and grates both being twins, con Pass through small opening. No rights and lefts to sections. Three men can set it up. Burnham Square Sectional boil ers are based on the principle that a long fire travel (correctly pro portioned) reduces fuel bills. The hot gases go back and forth three times the length of the boiler, on each side of the boiler, before they are led to the smoke box opening. Because of the individual side flue openings, each section absorbs an equal amount of heat. Burnham steam boilers have such a low water line that they can be used in shallow cellars. They are so constructed that the size of the steam dome is not sacrificed. Every operating part is handy in front of the boiler. Every flue has a separate clean out door. 254 TWIN SECTIONAL FOR HEAVY DUTY Steam Boilers Number Crate Area Sq. Ft. No. and Size of Outlets Inlet* No. and Size of Safety Valve Rating Sq.Ft. S-50-6 S-50-7 S-50-8 S-50-9 S-50-10 5-50-11 S-50-12 W-50-6 W-50-7 W-50-8 W-50-9 W-50-10 W-50-11 W-50-12 19.27 22.92 26.56 30.20 33.85 37.5 41.14 3-5" 3-5" 4-5" 4-5" 4-5" 5-5" 5-5" 3" 3Vl" 3'/i" 3VY'&2" 3i/2"c2" 3,/i" ic 3" Water Boilers 19.27 22.92 26.56 30.20 33.85 37.5 41.14 4-5" 4-5" 5-5" 5-5" 5-5" 6-5" 6-5" 6,250 7.425 8,600 9,775 10,950 12,125 13,300 10,300 12,250 14,200 16,150 18,100 20,050 22,000 SQUARE SECTIONAL Steam Boilers Number Grate Area Sq. Ft. Size Supply Tap pings Size Return Tap pings Rating Sq. Ft. S-18-4 S-18-5 S-18-6 S-18-7 S-24-5 S-24-6 S-24-7 S-24-8 S-30-5 S-30-6 S-30-7 S-30-8 S-30-9 S-36-6 S-36-7 S-36-8 S-36-9 S-36-10 S-36-11 W-18-4 W-18-5 W-18-6 W-18-7 W-24-5 W-24-6 W-24-7 W-24-8 W-30-5 W-30-6 W-30-7 W-30-8 W-30-9 W-36-6 W-36-7 W-36-8 W-36-9 W-36-10 W-36-II 3.00 -3'/2" 3.94 2-3*A" 4.88 2-3 5.81 2-3'A" 5.17 2-4" 6.42 * 2-4" 7.67 2-4" 8.92 2-4" 6.46 2-4" 8.02- - 2-4" 9.58 2-4" 11.15 3-4" 12.71 3-4" 9.88 2M" 11.75 3-4" 13.63 3-4" 15.50 3-4" 17.38 4-4" 19.25 4-4" 1-3'/2" 2-3'/2" 2-3'A" 2-3'f2" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" ' 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" Water Boilers 3.00 3.94 4.88 5.81 5.17 6.42 7.67 8.92 6.46 8.02 9.58 11.15 12.71 9.86 II.75 13.63 15.50 17.38 19.25 2-3'/2" 2-3'A" 1-Wi" 3-3'A" 2-4A 2-4" 2-4" 3-4" 2-4" 2-4" 3-4" 3-4" 4-4" 3-4" 3-4" 4-4" 4-4" 5-4" 5-4" 2-3'/2" 2-3'/2" 2-3>/2" 3-3'/2" 2-4" 2-4" 2-4" 3-4" 2-4" 2-4" 3-4" 3-4" 4-4" 3-4" 3-4" 4-4" 4-4" 5-4" 5-4" 750 950 1,150 1,350 1,350 1,700 2,050 2,400 1,750 2,250 2,750 3,250 3,750 2,850 3,500 4,150 4,700 5,350 6.000 1,250 1,575 1,900 2,225 2,225 2.800 3,375 3.950 2,900 3,715 4,530 5,345 6,160 4,700 5,775 6,850 7,925 9,000 10,075 Boilers General Boilers Company Manufacturers of Pacific Steel Heating Boilers, Pacific Circulating Tanks Waukegan, Illinois PACIFIC SMOKELESS STEAM BOILERS Catalog Num ber Net Rating Height Water Line, Inches Dimen sions Overall. Inches Diameter Minimum Stack. Height Inches ' Stack, One Boiler Ft. 'Grate Dimen sions, Inches Heating Surface, Sq. Ft. Diameter Smoke Con nection. Inches Space at Front for Drawing Tubes Size of Outlet Inches Size of Return Inches 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616. 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 850 1000 1150 1300 1450 1800 2300 2800 3300 3900 4500 5000 5500 5800 6500 7500 8300 9000 ioooo 12000 14000 15500 18000 20000 22500 25000 60 60 60 60 60 64 64 68 68 68 68 75 . 75 75 81 81 81 89 89 99 99 106 106 119 119 119 39x49 39x55 39x61 39x67 39x73 43x67 43x79 47x81 47x93 50x94 50 x 106 58x96 58 x 102 58x108 63x96 63 x 108 63x114 71 x 112 71x124 78x 113 78 x 125 86 x 129 86x141 96 x 145 96x157 96 x 169 11 11 11 11 11 13 13 15 15 17 17 17 17 17 22 22 22 24 24 23 28. 30 30 33 33 33 45 21x23 73.0 12 34 3 ^ 2 45 21 x27 87.0 12 40 3 2 45 21 x 31 100.0 12 46 3 2 45 21 x35 114.0 12 52 3 2 45 21x35 122.0 12 58 3 2 50 25x35 152.0 14 50 25x43 189.0 14 52 4 ah 64 4 vA 55 29x43 234.0 16 64 5 3 55 29x47 279.0 16 76 5 3 60 31x47 318.0 <8 77 5 3 60 31 x 51 372.0 18 89 5 3 60 37x47 392.0 18 77 6 3 65 37x51 415.6 18 83 6 3 65 37x51 457.6 18 89 6 3 65 43x55 508.5 24 77 7 4 70 43x63 594.8 24 89 7 4 70 43x67 637.5 24 95 7 4 70 50x55 708.7 26 89 8 4 75 50x59 809.5 26 101 84 75 54x67 864.5 30 89 8 4 75 54x71 988.8 30 101 84 85 66x67 1183.8 32 101 8 5 85 66x71 1332.9 32 113 8 5 100 78x67 1500.0 36 114 10 6 too 78x71 1665.0 36 126 to 6 100 78x75 1830.0 36 138 to 6 PACIFIC DIRECT DRAFT STEAM BOILERS Catalog Num ber Net Rating Height Water Line. Inches Dimen sions Overall, Inches Diameter Stack. Inches Minimum Height Stack. Ft. Grate Dimen sions. Inches . Heating Surface, Sq. Ft. Diameter Smoke Con nection. Inches Space at Front for Drawing Tubes Size , of .Outlet Inches Size of Return Inches 204 700 205 825 206 950 207 1075 208 1200 209 1500 210 1900 211 2350 212 2750 213 3200 214 3700 215 4100 216 4500 217 4800 218 5300 219 6200 220 6700 221 7500 222 8500 223 10000 224 11500 225 13000 226 15000 227 17000 228 19000 229 21000 60 60 60 60 60 64 64 68 68 68 68 75 75 75 81 61 81 89 89 99 99 106 106 119 119 119 39x49 39x55 39x61 39x67 39x73 43x67 43x79 47x81 47x93 50x94 50x106 58x96 58 x 102 58 x 108 63x96 63 x 108 63 x 114 71x112 71 x 124 78x113 78 x 125 86x 129 86x141 96x145 96x 157 96 x 169 11 11 11 11 11 13 13 15 15 17 17 17 17 17 22 22 22 24 24 28 . 23 30 30. 33 33 33 40 21x23 73.0 12 34 3 2 40 21 x27 87.0 12 40 3 2 40 21 *31 100.0 12 46 3 2 40 21 *35 114.0 12 52 3 2 40 21 x35 122.0 12 58 3 2 45 25x35 152.0 14 . 52 4 *A 45 25x43 189.0 14 64 4 50 29x43 234.0 16 64 5 3 50 29x47 279.0 . 16 76 5 3 55 31 x47 318.0 18 77 5 3 55 31 x 51 372.0 18 89 5 3 55 37x47 392.0 18 77 6 3 60 37x51 415.6 18 83 . 6 3 60 37x51 457.6 18 . 89 6 3 60 43x55 508.5 24 77 7 4 65 43x63 594.8 24 89 7 4 65 43x67 637.5 24 95 7 4 65 50x55 708.7 26 69 8 4 70 50x59 809.5 26 101 84 70 54x67 864.5 30 89 8 4 70 54x71 988.8 30 101 84 75 66x67 1183.8 32 101 85 75 66x71 1332.9 32 113 85 90 78 x 67 1500.0 36 114 10 6 90 78x71 1665.0 36 126 10 6 90 78x75 1830.0 36 138 10 6 Pacific Boilers are so constructed that all of the tubesf both upper and lower banks, can be cleaned or removed from the front of the boiler through the front flue doors. ' 255 Boilers and Radiators Continental Heater Corporation Dunkirk, N. Y. MANUFACTURERS OF CAST IRON BOILERS AND RADIATORS Continental Low Water Line Boilers Smokeless and Regular Types Many engineers, architects and heating contractors will recognize the Continental as the boiler which during the past 10 years has helped them solve low head room problems. The ex tremely low water line elimi nates the necessity for pits and prevents water line troubles by providing ample space between the water line and low point of the main. Free and rapid circulation throughout the boiler makes for efficiency and prevents priming. By reason of its design the boiler is a rapid steamer. No. 410S--Single Series (Regular) The Continental does justice to the engineers layout and the heating contractors installation. It pleases the owner by its ease of operation and fuel economy. Continental Double Series Boiler Double Series Boiler 256 The Continental Double Series Boiler has two sep arate fire boxes, either or both of which may be used. They may be of equal size, or one larger than the other. Only one part of the boiler need be used during mild weather. 30-in. double series 2600 sq. ft. to 8200 sq. ft. steam capacity. 40-in. double series 5500 sq. ft. to 22,300 sq. ft. steam ca pacity. Continental Heater Corporation Boilers and Radiators CONTENTO BOILERS The Contento can be used either on the same floor with the radiators or in the basement. The forward and back fire travel utilizes the gases instead of allowing them to be wasted up the chimney. Contento Number 4 5 6 7 Water Rating Sq.Ft. 400 535 670 825 Steam Rating Sq.Ft. . 240 320 400 500 Height, 45 in., two 2 in. flow tappings, two 2 in. return tappings. Steam boilers have 2 in. top outlet. Shipped in one piece crated. Inside View CONTINENTAL LOW WATER LINE BOILER DATA (Ratings have never been changed) Smokeless Boiler Number Regular Series Boiler Number Steam Rating Water Rating Crate Area Flow and Return 2 Each Inches Front Length of Boiler Inches Extreme Overall Depth Inches Chimney Chimney Area Height Inches Feet 20 Series Water Line 38 Inches--Height of Flow 43 Inches 25 700 1,150 3.88 26 900 1,500 4.85 27 1,100 1,850 5.82 28 1,300 2,200 6.80 W3 35 3 42 a 3 49 39'A 3 56 39'/5 *r 6x12 12x12 12x12 12x12 40 40 40 40 530 630 730 830 . 930 1030 M30 1230 30 Series Water Line 43 laches--Height of Flow 48 Inches 35 1,200 2,000 5.83 36 1,600 2.650 7.29 37 2,000 3,300 8.75 38 2,400 4,000 10.21 39 2,800 4,650 11.67 310 3,200 5,300 13.13 311 3,600 6,000 14.59 312 4.000 6,650 16.05 4 35 4 . 42 4 49 4 56 4 63 4 70 4 77 4 84 HVi Vfh 54'/ S*'/i 54>/ 54'A 54# 54'/, 12x12 12x12 12x12 12x12 . 12x16 12x16 12x16 16x16 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 45 640 740 840 940 1040 1140 1240 1340 1440 1340 1640 1740 1840 40 Series Water Line 47 Inches--Height of Flow 54 Inches 46 2,500 4,150 9.72 5 42 47 3,200 5,300 11.66 5 49 48 . 3,900 6,450 13,60 5 56 49 4,600 7,600 15.54 5 63 410 5.300 8,750 17.48 5 70 411 6,000 9,900 19.43 5 77 4(2 6,700 11,100 21.35 5 84 413 7,400 12,250 23.32 5 91 414 8,100 13.400 25.27 5 98 415 8,600 14.550 27.22 5 105 416 9,500 15.700 29.17 5 112 417 10,200 16,850 31.12 5 119 418 10,900 18.000 33.07 5 126 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 >2x16 12x16 16x16 16x20 16x20 20x20 20x20 24x24 24x24. 24x28 28x28 28x28 28x32 50 50 50 55 55 55 60 65 65 65 70 70 70 One additional 5-in. flow. **Two additional 5-in. flows. Double series boilers 2,600 to 22,300 sq. ft. Boilers Abram Cox Stove Company PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO NEW YORK . MANUFACTURERS OF NOVELTY Round and Sectional Boilers for steam, water and vapor heating; NOVELTY- Coal Tank Heaters and Laundry Stoves; NOVELTY Pipe and Pipeless-Furnaces for warm air heating; NOVELTY Coal Ranges; NOVELTY FORTUNE Combination Coal-and-Gas Ranges; FORTUNE Gas Ranges and Gas Water Heaters. ' Novelty Carburetor Boiler showing fire-surface and flue-travel No. Rating Sq. Ft.. Steam Rating Sq. Ft.. Water Size of Grate Grate Area Overall Dimensions. Inches Inches Sq. Ft. Width Depth Supply Outlets Inches Return Inlets Inches Smoke Outlets Inches 3-30 4-30 5-30 6-30 7-30 8-30 4-40 5-40 . 6-40 7-40 8-40 9-40 10-40 11-40 12-40 13-40 14-40 15-40 16-40 17-40 . .18-40 19-40 20-40 1300 1800 2300 2900 3500 4200 2600 3700 4600 5500 6500 7800 9000 10200 11500 12600 13800 15000 16500 18000 19500 22000 24000 2150 3000 3800 4650 5450 6300 4300 6100 7600 9100 10750 12900 14850 16850 19000 20800 22800 24750 27250 29700 32200 36300 39600 30x18% 30x27% 30x36% 30x45% 30x55 30x64'/* 40x27% 40x36/ 40x45% 40x55 40x64'/b 40x73% 40x82% 40x91% 40x100% 40x109*4 40x118% 40x128 40x137% 40x146% 40x155% 40x164% 40x173% 3.85 5.76 7.65 9.56 11.45 13.36 7.68 10.21 12.75 15.28 17.81 20.35 22.88 25.42 27.88 30.50 33.04 35.58 38.12 40.66 43.20 45.74 48.28 36 45 54 63 72 81 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180 189 54 1-4 1-4 9. 55 2-4 2-4 12 56 2-4 2-4 14 56 3-4 3-4 16 57 3-4 3-4 16 57 4-4 4-4 13 64 2-4 2-4 12 66 2-4 2-4 14 66 3-4 3-4 16 67 3-4 3-4 16 * 67 4-4 4-4 18 70 4-4 4-4 20 70 5-4 5-4 20 72 5-4 5-4 22 72 5-4 5-4 22 72 5-4 5-4 25 75 6-4 6-4 25 75 6-4 6-4 25 75 7-4 7-4 25 72 7-4 7-4 2-20 72 8-4 8-4 2-20 72 8-4 8-4 2-20 72 8-4 8-4 I 1-2U . \ 1-22 Height of water line 50 inches. 3. 4 and 5-section boilers have one fire-door; 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10-section have two fire-doors; 11,12 and 13-section have four fire-doors; 14, 15 and 16-section have five fire-doors;and 17, 18, 19 and 20-section have six fire-doors. 258 Abram Cox Stone Company Boilers NOVELTY CARBURETOR (Side-feed) SECTIONAL BOILERS This Novelty Carburetor Boiler has separate chambers connected to the rear of each section of the boiler. By means of air-slots at top and bottom, of each carburetor, air is drawn in which furnishes oxygen for mixing with the smoke and unburned gases. After the smoke and gases have come in contact with the extensive, over-hanging, direct heating surface in the firebox of the boiler, they are drawn into the carburetting chamber. They mix with the oxygen from the air brought in at the rear and are instantly ignited and break into flames. In other words, after combustion takes place in the firebox of the boiler, the smoke and gases, instead of passing up into the flue within the boiler, as in the regular type, enter the carburetor at the rear of each section, where they are mixed with air and ignited. They immediately enter the lower flue in a hot, red flame at an unusually high temperature and pass to the front of the boiler, where they enter the upper flue still in a red flame, and then return to the rear of the boiler. These flues are surrounded by water so that this part of the boiler, which is flue surface in other boilers, becomes prime heating surface in the NOVELTY Car buretor. Boiler. The smoke and gases which usually pass into the chimney and are wasted, are thoroughly consumed. At least 15 per cent more heat units are liberated in the NOVELTY Carburetor Boiler than is possible in the regular surface feed boiler of any make. No adjustment of air intake is necessary. Ratb'of combustion determines amount of air required. Burns Hartl'or Soft Coal--In the NOVELTY Carburetor Boiler there is a big saving in burning hard coal, regardless of the size, as well as soft coal. The cheaper grades and sizes of hard coal are made to yield as many heat units as the larger and more expensive sizes. Where soft coal is used, about 80 per cent of the volatile matter (which analysis shows to be very high in heat value) is thoroughly consumed. The Fundamental Side Feed Principle is maintained in the NOVELTY Carburetor Boiler the same as in the regular Novelty Sec tional Boiler. As a section is added, grate surface, fire surface, carburetting chamber and flue surface are increased in equal proportion giving every size, from the smallest (made for homes) to the largest (made for schools, churches, apartments, office buildings and public buildings), a balance which is not possible with the end feed type. Low Water Line--The low water line, only 50 in. in all sizes, saves excavating and saves-space. The distance from the fire-door to back of firebox is only 40 in. in the largest boiler. 259 Boilers, Healing and Power Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., Inc. ESTABLISHED 1886 Works: OSWEGO, N. Y. General Offices: 47 West 42nd Street, New York City Fitzgibbons Power and Heating Boilers, 30 to 350 H. P., for 150, 125, 100 and 15 lbs. workingpressure. Built to A S. M. t. Boiler Code. Adapted to Bituminous, Semi-Bituminous, Anthracite and Oil Fuel. Compact. Accessible. Do not require Brick Setting. Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., Inc. Boilers, Heating The Fitzgibbons "Ontario" Boiler attains its high operating economy from utiliz ing the well-known design of the Fitzgibbons Boiler. Built in the same Works, with the same care, by the same mechanics and under the same engineers as the Power Boilers. Design: Internally fired. Compact. Entirely self-contained. No brick work required. High combustion chamber. Free water circulation. Ample steam space insuring dry steam. Construction: Built entirely of certified boiler steel according to the A. S. M. E. Boiler Code for low pressure steam and hot water heating. . 'Combustion: Contains a specially proportioned fire box with high combustion chamber. ... . Economy: Its high economy is due primarily to design of combustion chamber, efficient round grate and rapid circulation. . Safety: Fusible plug in crown sheet directly over the fire, protecting the boiler in case of low water. " Accessibility: All parts of the interior of boiler can easily and quickly be cleaned or examined. Labor Saving: The entire boiler is in one piece or unit and tested at the Works, just as it is to be installed. 150 H. P. FITZGIBBONS BOILER Specifications--Heating Boiler--15 lbs. W. S. P. Number 23 Horsepower.............................. Steam Rating, sq. ft.................. Length (feet and inches).......... Height (feet and inches).......... Water-Une (feet and inches).. . Diameter Vertical Cylinder.... Diameter Horizontal Lyhnder.. Clearance at Rear..................... 40 4500 9-4 8-3 7-1 4-1 3-5 4-8 24 50 5400 10-6 8-6 7-4 4-5 3-8 5-7 25 26 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 60 6400 10-9 8-11 7-8 4-8 3-11 5-7 70 60 100 7500 8500 11000 12-2 12-4 13-7 9-2 9-9 10-1 7-11 8-5 8-8 4-10 5-1 5-5 4-1 4-4 4-7 6-10 6-10 7-9 125 13500 13-11 10-8 9-2 5-11 5-1 7-8 150 16500 15-1 11-0 9-4 6-3 5-3 8-7 175 200 225 250 19000 22000 25000 28000 15-5 16-2 17-5 18-2 11-11 12-1 12-2 12-6 10-1 10-4 10-4 10-8 6-7 6-9 6-11 7-3 5-7 5-9 5-9 8-1 8-7 8-11 10-1 10-7 260 FITZGIBBONS "ONTARIO" BOILER for low pressure Steam and Hot Water Heating Specifications--15 lbs. W. S. P. Number of Boiler.............. H 12 H 16 H20 H24 H28 H32 H36 is 8 8^ 1 Steam Rating.................... 600 Hot Water Rating............ 1000 Diameter Vertical Shell. . 29 Height Bare Boiler........... 52% Length Bare Boiler........... 60% Diameter Horizontal Shell. 21 Floor to Water-line.......... 56 Diameter Fire Box............ 24 Diameter Cast Iron Base.. 33% Overall Height.................. 65% Overall Length.................. 70 JNiS 8 8 (000 1200 1400 1600 1900 2200 29 33 33 52% 52/4 521/4 84% 77% 89% 21 23 23 56 56 56 24 28 28 331/2 37% 37% 65% 65% 65% 94 87 99 2? 1800 2900 36 57 93% 27 60% 31 40% 70 103 Number of Boiler.............. H 12 H 16 H20 H 24 H28 H32 H36 HeightCast IroaStand__ 28y4 28% 28% 27% 27% 28 28 $ $ 2*Width Smoke Uptake. ..'. Length Smoke Uptake___ Clearance Rue Door........ 21 6% 6% 7% 7% 8% 8% 15% 15% 20% 20% 21 21 27 27 Steam Outlet..................... 4 4 4 4% 4% 5 Return............................... 2% 2% 2% 3 3 3 Safety Valve...................... 1 1 1% 1'A I'A % Diameter Smoke Pipe.... 10 10 10 12 12 14 Approx. Sq. Ft. Covering. 48 54 60 62 68 76 84 Approx. Shipping Weight. 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 Ratings are based on 2 lb. pressure for steam and 180 deg. fahr. for water and give actual numberrof square feet direct cast-iron radiator surface or equivalent when sufficient radiation is installed to heat the building to .70 deg. fahr. 261 Boilers HEGGIE-SIMPLEX BOILER COMPANY JOILET, ILLINOIS General Sales Office, 1909 Conway Bldg., CHICAGO Cleveland Denver St. Louis Toledo Cincinnati Oklahoma City Charlotte, N. C. Columbus Detroit Milwaukee Memphis t New York Minneapolis These Boilers Will Heat All Radiation Shown by Their Capacity Simplex combines both firebox and double return tubular types of boilers into one. Providing: An unusually large direct firebox heating surface. Double return tubular flues which force tong gas travel and insure thorough utilization of heat. A smoke-burning arch which forces soot and gases to ignite through contact with the burning fuel. A large combustion chamber in the rear of the firebox which insures thorough combustion before gases are allowed to pass into the flues. A single body of water, in direct contact with every heated surface, that circulates freely around the tubes and firebox, unimpeded by pipe connections. Simplex Boilers bum any fuel--Coal. Oil. Gas or Wood. They burn smokelessly and save 25% to 40% in consumption. Occupy only 2/3 the floor space ordinarily needed. Come in one piece (except base) ready for setting--without rivets, pipe con necting or bricking. There are no laps to break and leak, no ordinary iron castings to crack and no brick work to leak air and spoil draft control. Simplex Boilers are electric arc welded, built according to A. S. M. E. Code--of flange steel plate.- Working pressure 15 lb. Tested to 1001b. Hydro- static pressure. Fully guaranteed. - SIMPLEX WATER HEATING GARBAGE BURNERS The back and forth flue travel, together with the complete manner in which the water surrounds every heated surface in Simplex Heaters produce savings of- 30% to 60% in fuel. Catalog Number........................... 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Capacity, Gallons per Hour........ Height Over-all............................ Dimensions of Floor Space Re quired.................................... Dimensions Over-all.................... dimensions ot Lower L*rates___ .In. Size P low and Return................. diameter ot Smoke Pipe............. Approximate Shipping Weight... 600 800 1000 1200 1500 1800 2200 2600 60 60 60 66 66 68 68 68 79x76 29x32 29x39 36x39 36x46 41x41 41x47 41x53 28x31 28x37 28x44 36x44 36x5(1 41x44 41x51 41x58 22x2<J 22x2b 22x3J 28x33 28x38 33x32 33x38 38x44 2'/7 2Vt 2'/2 2V? 3 3 4 4 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 1750 2000 2250 2450 3000 3300 3700 4000 262 Note how water circulates through tubes forming garbage grate; ample grate area; simplicity of construction. Heggie-Simplex Boiler Company Boilers SPECIFICATIONS, SIMPLEX STEEL HEATING BOILERS No. of Boiler...... 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 850 100(1 M5( 1300 160(1 90C 2200 2600 300C 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 * * Water.. 1400 1650 I90C 2100 2650 IOC 3600 4300 49(XJ 5750 6550 7400 8200 9000 9850 10700 11500 12300 1613 1791 1877 2042 7377 7V 2939 3448 373C 4557 4832 5323 5501 5785 6094 6828 7103 7479 259 276 290 277 319 370 361 402 444 436 457 478 518 338 550 559 580 601 401 401 401 470 470 470 649 649 649 998 998 998 164 1164 1164 1537 1537 1537 33 .33 33 33 33 33 34 34 34 37 37 37 37 37 37 45 45 45 * Firing Tools... 24 24 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 29 29 29 29 29 29 36 36 36 " Total........... 2320 2525 2625 2872 3216 1621 4009 4559 4883 6057 6351 6665 7249 7553 7874 9005 9301 9698 Width............... Width rUSox............... Grate Area..................... B 5 10 11 5 13 16 19 22 26 30 35 40 45 27 27 27 30 30 30 34 34 34 40 40 40 52 58 64 56 70 87. 79 91 103 92 98 104 22 7? 22 75 75 25 29 29 29 34 34 34 31 37 43 37 49 61 55 67 79 66 72 78 4.4 4.< 4.4 5.67^ 5.67 5.67 7.88 7.88 7.8t 10.66 10.66 10.66 50 55 60 65 70 75 47 47 47 52 52 52 101 107 113 109 115 121 41 41 41 46 46 46 72 78 84 78 84 90 2.87 12.87 12.87 16.52 16.52 16.52 14 14 14 18 18 18 20 20 20 22 22 22 24 24 24 26 26 26 12 12 17 16 16 16 18 18 18 20 20 20 22 22 22 24 24 . 24 Height " ................... 40 40 40 50 50 50 55 55 55 60 60 60 65 63 65 70 70 70 20 20 20 26 26 76 28 28 28 30 30 30 34 34 34 38 38 38 * Stack 2 Boilers... 18 18 18 24 24 24 76 26 26 28 28 28 32 32 32 34 34 Height a 2 ` ... 50 50 50 60 60 60 65 65 65 70 70 70 73 73 75 60 80 80 4 44 14 46 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 6 8 8 8 2 22 :2 73 * Safety Valve.......... Diam. Rues................... IV? IV? 3 Wz 3 VA 3 IV? 3 Wiz 2 3 3: 3 3 3 4 4 * 2 ; IV, 2/2 2/2 T>h 2Vi 2 33 3 3 3 3 3 333 y/t V/z y/z Required................... 45 50 55 55 65 75 80 90 100 100 104 110 116 126 132 140 147 Height Water Line........ 55 55 55 58 58 58 62 62 62 69 69 69 72 72 72 77 77 77 No. of Boiler............ 119 6500 ` Water.. 13950 8426 626 1770 45 * Firing Tools . 36 " Total.......... 10903 " Width.............-. Width Firebox.............. Grate Area................... 85 57 121 51 90 20.61 Height * ................. 28 26 75 Height "2 * 40 36 85 Dia. Rues..................... 8 - : 120. 10000 16400 8733 66i 1770 45 36 11251 100 57 133 51 io; 20.61 28 26 75 40 36 65 8 4 3 3Vi 121 11000 18050 11115 1019 1859 51 - 36 14080 110 63 173 57 90 22.95 30 28 75 44 40 85 10 5 W? 3</i 122 12000 19700 11549 1047 1859 51 36 14542 120 63 129 57 96 22.95 30 28 75 44 40 65 0 5 V/z 3Vj 123 13000 21300 12021 1087 1859 51 36 15054 130 6; 135 51 102 22.95 30 28 75 44 40 85 10 5 3'/ 3/ 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 14500 15500 I650C 18500 2000C 22000 2500C 28000 23800 25400 27100 30350 328IA 36100 41000 45900 13556 1092 2269 55 39 14120 1126 2269 55 39 14656 II6C 2269 55 39 16492 1188 2573 64 45 17771 1236 25/3 64 45 22041 1276 2933 U 45 23619 1344 2933 45 25197 1412 2933 45 17011 17609 18175 20362 21709 26367 28013 29659 145 70 129 63 % 28.21 155 70 135 63 102 28.21 165 70 141 63 108 28.2 185 200 220 250 280 78 78 141 153 153 165 177 72 72 77 77 77 102 114 114 126 1 35.51 35.31 37.68 37.68 3/.68 34 34 34 38 38 42 42 42 37 32 32 36 36 40 80 80 80 90 90 too 100 100 50 50 50 54 56 56 56 46 46 46 50 50 54 54 54 90 90 90 100 100 110 110 110 .10 10 10 12 2 12 12 12 5 5 5( 56 4 4 4 2-3/2 2-3/2 2-4 2-4 2-4 M 3/2 3/2 4 4 Sq. Ft. Boiler Covering Required................... 165 180 . 180 190 197 205 215 222 240 260 280 310 340 Height Water Line. .. . 80 80 92 92 92 95 95 95 104 104 111 111 111 263 Boilers and Furnaces IriTERn/mon/iL He/tter Conp/my Makers of Heating Apparatus ' Utica, N. Y. NEW YORK CHICAGO CLEVELAND NASHUA, N. H. Broadway and 57th St. 1933-35 Wentworth Ave. 1441 Davenport Ave.. N.E. 110 Chestnut St.. jjfCOJVOMY J^OXUEjRjS On the following pages we present condensed data on the INTERNATIONAL Economy Boilers, Steam and Water. Both the Regular and the Smokeless types have the following distinctive features in common: Conservative ratings from actual tests according to the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Boiler Code 1919; the evaporative power and efficiency are exceptionally high; a Long fire travel and all heating surface below the water line; a low steady water line with water gauge tapped directly into the section; dry steam guaranteed with no header and only one main outlet from boiler; grate bar connections of sectional boilers are outside the ashpit; all heating surface easily cleaned from front of boiler through large flue doors. The temperature of the gases in the first pass or lower flues is at least 200 degrees higher than in the fire box for an hour or two after firing due to the special mixing or carburetor feature of all Regular type boilers. In the secondary combustion chamber of the Smokeless type, the temperature at times exceeds 2000 deg. fahr. which means high efficiency due to proper combustion conditions as regards, time, temperature and mixture. The INTERNATIONAL Economy Smokeless Boiler is an up draft boiler designed to burn any fuel used for heating purposes; as soft coal, hard coal including buckwheat on large installations, coke, oil and gas. It is built on the Kent Wing Wall principle so that the smokeless feature is entirely outside of the fire box and practically inde pendent of the fireman. It has no special grates or arches in the fire box, holds several hours' supply of coal and requires the least possible attention. Auxiliary air is always under control--an important feature that promotes fuel economy. Cut-Away View of No. 140-47 Economy Smokeless Boiler 264 International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/mon/iL He/tter Cocop/my SECTIONAL MEASUREMENTS Regular and Smokeless Steam Sizes Height from Floor to Center of Return Tappings, Inches Height of Fire Box to Crown, Inches } [ Height Grate to Middle of Feed Door, Inches | | Size of Smoke Rue, Inches j Size of Feed Doors, Inches ` ' [ Height of Water Line, Inches Height to Supply Outlets, Inches Add to Height for Trimming, Feet , Length of Smoke Box, Inches Je `J &e 'i as g jc-3 c 3J5 19 44 53 9 6 35 18 22 16 9 9x14 26 47 57 II V/l 40 19 22 16 10 9x17 31 50 62'/7 II 7% 45 19`/T 24 18 12 9x17 38 54 68 II 8V* 52 20 26 18 16 11x21 47 59 73 12 *>/. 61 2l'/2 26 18 20 2-10x17 *19 In. series for hard coal only. 47 in. Series Economy Smokeless Boiler Showing Access for Cleaning Ratings and Dimensions ECONOMY SMOKELESS BOILERS Num ber Coal Rating Ca pacity Pounds Evapor ative Power Dimen sions Overall Inches Tappings Supply Return Num ber Rating Coal Ca pacity Pounds Evapor ative Power Dimen Tappings sions Overall Inches Supply Re turn 80-26 81-26 90-26 91-26 100-26 110-26 2200 2400 2500 2700 2800 3100 375 425 460 510 545 545 80-3! 81-3! 90-31 91-3! 100-31 101-31 110-31 120-31 130-31 140-3! 150-3! 2850 3100 3250 3500 3650 3900 4050 4450 4850 5250 5650 480 545 590 655 700 765 810 810 920 920 920 90-38 91-38 100-38 101-38 4700 5000 52^0 5550 835 925 985 1075 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 40x69 40x74 40x77 40x82 40x85 40x93 2-3'A' yyk 2-3VY yy/i' 2-31/2' yy/i* 2-3>A' yy/i' 2-3VS' yyk 2-3V? MO-38 111-38 120-38 130-38 140-38 150-38 160-38 170-38 5600 6100 6350 6900 7450 8000 .8550 9100 45x69 45x74 45x77 45x82 45x85 45x90 45x93 45x101 45x109 45x117 45x125 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 2-4'2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 90-47 100-47 110-47 120-47 130-47 140-47 150-47 160-47 170-47 160-47 8300 9300 10300 11300 12300 13300 14300 (5300 16300 17300 200-47 19300 52x77 3-5' 2-5' 210-47 20300 52x82 3-5' 2-5' 52x85 3-5' 2-5' 52x90 3-5' 2-5' 1135 1225 1265 1285 1285 1435 1435 1435 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 52x93 52x98 52x101 52x109 52x117 52x125 52x133 52x141 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5* 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 1250 1500 1500 1500 1750 1750 1750 1750 1750 2000 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 2000 10 2000 10 61x93 3-6' 2-6' 61x103 3-6' 2-6' ' 61x113 3-6* 2-6' 61x123 4-6' 2-6', 61x133 4-6' 2-6' 61x143 4-6' 2-6' 61x153 4-6' 2-6' 61x163 4-6' 2-6' 61x173 4-6' 2-6' 61x183 4-6' 2-6' 61x203 4-6' 2-6' 61x213 4-6' 2-6' 265 International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/mon/iL He/iter Coop/hiy No. 90-38 Steam Pattern . . No. 86-6 Water Pattern PfcOJWOJyiY SECTIONAL J^OXUErRS Steam Water Number Rating Coal Evapor Capacity ative Pounds Power Dimen sion* Overall Inches Tappings Supply Return Number Rating Coal Capacity Pound* Dimen sions Overall Inches Tapping* Supply Return 35-19 4-19 45-19 5-19 700 82$ 975 1100 195 9.6 35*32 2-3* 2-3' 225 9.6 35*35 2-3' 2-3' 265 9.6 35*40 2-3' 2-3' 295 9.6 35*43 2-3' 2-3' 19-35 19-4 19-45 19-5 1150 1325 1600 1825 195 33x32 1-3' 2-3' 225 33x35 1-3' 2-3' 265 33*40 2-3' 2-3' 295 33x43 2-3' 2-3' 4-26 45-26 5-26 55-26 6-26 1000 1200 1300 1500 1600 290 9.3 40*37 2-3`A' 2-3V?' 26-4 1650 340 9.3 40*41 2-3W 2-3%' 26-45 1975 375 9.3 40*45 2-3%' 2-3%' 26-5 2150 425 460 9.3 9.3 40*49 40*53 22--33V'/i'' 2-3'/,' 2-3%' 26-55 26-6 2475 2650 290 36x37 2-3'/,' 2-3'/z' 340 36x41 2-3'/,' 375 36x45 2-3'/' 2-3'A' 425 460 36x49 36x53 t2--y3'//,f' 2-3'A' 2-3'A' 5-31 55-31 6-31 65-31 7-31 75-31 8-31 85-31 1650 1900 2050 2300 2450 2700 2850 3100 480 9.3 45x45 2-4' 2-4' 545 9.3 45x49 ' 2-4' 2-4' 590 9.3 45x53 2-4' 2-4' 645 9.3 45*57 2-4' 2-4' 705 9.3 45x61 3-4' 2-4' 770 9.3 45x65 3-4' 2-4' 825 9.3 45x69 3-4' 2-4' 690 9.3 45x73 3-4' 2-4' 31-5 31-55 31-6 31-65 31-7 31-75 31-8 31-85 2725 3125 3375 3800 4050 4450 4700 5125 480- .42*45 545 42x49 590 42x53 645 42x57 705 42x61 770 42x65 825 42x69 890 42x73 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 4-4' 4-4'.. 4-4' 4-4' 5-38 55-38 6-38 65-38 7-38 75-38 8-36 . 85-38 9-38 95-38 10-38 105-38 11-38 2500 2800 3050 3350 3600 3900 4150 4450 4700 5000 5250 5550 5800 685 770 835 920 985 1070 1135 1220 1285 1370 1435 1520 1585 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 52x45 52x50 52*53 52*58 52x61 52x66 52x69 52*74 52*77 52x82 52x85 52x90 52x93 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 38-5 38-55 38-6 38-65 38-7 38-75 38-8 38-85 38-9 38-95 38-10 38-105 38-11 4125 4625 5025 5525 5950 6450 6850 7350 7750 8250 8650 9150 9550 685 770 835 920 985 1070 1135 1220 1285 1370 1435 1520 1585 48x45 48x50 48x53 48x58 48x61 48x66 48x69 48x74 48x77 48x82 48x85 48x90 48x93 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 4-5' 4-5' 4-5' 4-5' 4-5' 4-5' 4-5' 6-47 5300 1250 9.5 2-6' 2-6' 47-6 8750 1250 7-47 6300 1500 9.5 61x73 2-6' 2-6' 47-7 10400 1500 8-47 7300 1750 9.5 61x83 3-6' 2-6' 47-8 12050 1750 B9-47 8300 1750 9.5 61x93 3-6' 2-6' B47-9 13700 . 1750 9-47 8300 2000 9.5 61x93 3-6' 2-6' 47-9 13700 2000 BIO-47 9300 1750 9.5 61x103 3-6' 2-6' B47-10 15350 1750 10-47 9300 2250 9.5 61x103 3-6' 2-6' 47-10 15350 2250 Bridgewall Section, limiting Grate to Convenient length for hand firing. 59x63 59x73 59x83 59x93 59x93 59x103 59x103 2-6' 2-6' 3-6' 3-6' 3-6' 3-6' 3-6' 2-6' 2-6' 2-6' 2-6' 2-6' 2-6' 2-6' 266 International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/mon/iL He/tter Coop/my ECONOMY ROUND BOILERS These Boilers are designed to meet the most rigid demands for economical heating. Tested and rated according to the A. S. H. & V. E. Boiler Code 1919. The carburetor principle of combustion is embodied in the design, also the positive cross fire travel, an exclusive feature of Economy Round Boilers. Have deep firepot section, positive circulation, ample steam dome, individual cleanout doors and side draft door. . Equipped with patented herring-bone tri angular grate or flat grate for soft and the small sizes of anthracite coal. Made in twenty-one sizes, 16 to 30 in. grate diameters. Steam ratings 350 to 1475 ft. of radiation, corresponding sizes for water. See Catalog 1296-G for additional data. Economy Round Water Ratings and Dimensions ECONOMY ROUND BOILERS Steam Water Number Rating Coal Capacity Pound* Evapora tive Power Tappings Supply and Return Height to Flow Outlet Inches Number `Rating Coal Capacity Pounds Tappings Supply and Return.. Height to Flow Outlet Inches 3-E-I6 4-E-16 5-E-16 350 375 400 114 114 114 8.2 1-2%' 45 9.0 1-2%' 49 9.7 l-2i/2" 53 3-E-18 4-E-18 5-E-I8 425 475 500 142 142 142 8.2 1-2%' 45 9.0 1-2%' 49 9.7 1-21/2" 1 53 2-E-2I . 3-E-2I 4-E-21 450 525 575 170 170 170 28.2 46i/, 9.0 9.7 2--22'A'/'' 50% m 2-E-24 550 220 8.2 2-3' . 47J/4 3-E-24 650 220 9.0 2-3' 52*4 4-E-24 725 220 9.7 2-3' 56J/* 5-E-24 775 220 10.3 2-3' 61'/. 2-E-27 3-E-27 4-E-27 5-E-27 700 825 925 1000 275 275 275 275 8.2 9.0 9.7 10.3 22--33'/A'* 2-3'A' 2-3'A' 50 541/4 59'A 64% 2-E-30 3-E-30 4-E-30 5-E-30 1025 1200 1350 1475 385 8.2 2-4' 385 9.0 2-4' 385 9.7 2-4' 385 10.3 2-4' 521/4 58 63'/. 68'A Outside Diameter at Base.................................................................. Height. Floor to Center. Return Tappings................... ................. Extreme Width of Flreoot Section................... ............................... 16-E-3 16-E-4 16-E-5 I8-E-3 I8-E-4 18-E-5 2I-E-2 21-E-3 21-E-4 24-E-2 24-E-3 24-E-4 24-E-5 27-E-2 27-E-3 27-EU4 27-E-5 30-E-2 30--3 30-E-4 30-E-5 16' 22A' 151/4' 7' 22'/,' 575 114 I-21/2" 40% 625 114 l-2'A' 44% 650 114 1-2'/' . 1700 142- -21/2" 40% 775 825 142 142 1-21/2" 1-2'/,' 44'A / 2750 170 2-2'A' 42/4 875 170 -2'A' 950 170 2-2'A' 900 1075 1200 1275 220 2-3' 220 2-3' 220 2-3' 220 2-3' 43'A 48 52'A 57 1150 1375 1550 1650 275 275 22--33`/'i/'' ' 45iA 501/4 275 2-3'A' 55 275 2-3`A' 59*4 1675 2000 2225 2400 18' 385 385 385 385 21' 25%' 15%' 23' 29' 16' 9* 26'A' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 24' 32' 17' 9* 28%' 48 53/4 58% 631/4 27' 30' 35' IW 10* 32V*' 39 17%' 10* 35' 267 T International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/mon/iL He/iter Cocop/my Carton Furnace , INTERNATIONAL CARTON FURNACE The International Carton Furnace is a sturdy, powerful heater made entirely of heavy cast iron with but five principal castings used in its as semblage. It is very economical in the use of any fuel com monly used for heating purposes because of its self cleaning radiator.. . Deep sealed cup joints are provided wherever castings join. The base and lower casing ring are in one piece, feed chute and combustion chamber are cast as a unit, and the ashpit is in one piece. Has patented herring-bone triangular grate, large double feed door, ana roomy ashpit. Made in six sizes. Firepot diameters 20 to 33 in. Casing diameters 40 to 60 in. Complete Catalog 1563-G sent on request. Baronet Furnace INTERNATIONAL BARONET FURNACE The International Baronet Furnace is a heavily constructed, medium priced, modern Heater--attractive in appearance, carefully mounted and fitted. Furnished with specially designed, one-piece cast radiator, egg shaped in cross section, or steel radiator as desired. Fitted with patented herring-bone triangular revolving grate hung in drop frame assembled without bolts or cotter pins. Large double feed door, coil openings, deep ashpit, two-piece firepot --corrugated outside, smooth inside--one-piece feed chute and combustion dome. Made in seven sizes for hard or soft coal. Firepot diameters 16 to.28 in., casing diameters 30 to 52 in. ' &nd for-Cata/og 1270-G giving complete data. INTERNATIONAL ONEPIPE HEATER The International Onepipe Heater is designed to deliver large volumes of warm air through one register correctly pro portioned to firepot diameter. The castings with the exception of special flanged front are the same as those used in the Baronet Furnace. Heavy galvanized casings. Inner casing triple lined with heavy asbestos and corrugated tin. Both casings extend down to the rings which are integral with the base. . Top is adjustable to various heights without cutting. Furnished with cast or steel radiator for hard oc soft coal. Firepot diameters 16 to 24 in. Casing diameters 36-to 50 in., register sizes 24 x 24 in. to 40 x,40 in. . Complete data in Catalog 1610-G. Onepipe Heater Special Types for Warming and Ventilating School Houses. Send for Bulletins 1505 and 4010-G. 268 Boilers KEWANEE B9ILER COMPANY Kewanee, Illinois BRANCHES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES Steel Heating and Power Boilers, Water Heating Garbage Burners, Tabasco Heaters, Tanks and Radiators KEWANEE FiREB9X . Kewanee Firebox Boilers represent 35 years of Rem _., , . intensive study and effort to make the highest D-lLtK-Brick-sei-/or Heating grade equipment for heating buildings. They are .... . adapted to the burning of any grade of fuel and will maintain high efficiency when operating to supply the variable demands of a heating load. Kewanee Smokeless B?iLER -Portablc-for Heating The rated capacity is the amount of direct radiation that the boiler will carry with a firing interval of three to four hours depending upon the Rrade of fuel used. No discount in rating is ad vised as reserve capacity has been allowed to care for the most severe weather conditions. Kewanee Boilers are built of steel ac cording to the rules .of construction adopted by the American Society of Me chanical Engineers, known as the A. 5. M. E. Boiler Code. Ratings The rated capacity of Kewanee Boilers, as printed in this book, is the number of square feet of direct radiation or equiva lent which the boiler will carry, if suffici ent radiation is installed to heat the building to the required temperature. The ratings are based on a standard for steam of 2 lb. pressure at the boiler, and for water on a mean temperature of 180 deg. fahr. as the water leaves the boiler. Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers PS"* gSgSgSKRSSSSRRSSgg lgdKjSSa?S0o''r8;;:SSgS2S3SH2SgS2S;RR?88K ||2S|SKSS"'SS^S^Sg:3SSSS2S5=SRRKSS I IR^SSSRS^^SSSSSgSJgSSS^SoSRRSSlI^ I^S|SSSSr""SSf:SRKS|SSSS22S;2RRRRS?R i|^S^iSr""m3SStSS3SSSS2SS=RSRR32R S S2S;?SSS''`'''''3;SS:-:SS3SSiC5;S:*S:SSS=S g 852S^2S8i'-"g8RS:ISB2RRRS2Si22S23SS!! ssR2R2a;s g j|SB?3SSgR''rg8R32SR22S3.2RR2R2aSR R lsS"?SS;S'0'fM?R!?-:sRS:SK 2SR2R2SSS3 R sS^5!SSSS!'''~SftS-:::S-":* 2SR2S2SSS S gK^SR:? 2SR2S2RSR s| |8SS2?Ri5-omg?RSiK2=2R? 2SS2R2SRS S I 38S32SR?'"gSRSrS3=2? 2SS2R2RRR jf SR2S22SSg"'mg3aS2S3=2?? 2SR2R2SSS 5 S3rS22RS?"'"'gSRS2KR3S-^23222RS S gSTSIRRS^^ggSSSiRRJRSS "s22SSK,R gSrgSRSSS'-g-SRS^RRJSSS "23222R2R S *j-^.e.s.ej:.s.s.s.e.s.s.s.e.s.s.s.e.e..5.e.s.s.s.s.e.s.e.e td Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers KEWANEE 1201 1 1 s=RftS3ag3R2s33!S| 2 iRRKJSSJg-^-SES aSRSS3Sf*2333p| s |IS*3*B,8"'`'*= ssr^S38**S3=|S| e. g|RS3S2?i5"'0'rS=3 22a=2SSgSS223Si| a |SSSasa,ss--^=s s=apSSKRS2s3=|2| 3 8l-S|aSSR-7:SR23 S2aRl|=RRS2|3=|2S 2 lR5sSssse''"'"s-:s 2B=*2TS*R-|S=|Sg 2 g^SSSSSS,'m"'S=S fSRS2|88^335iS| 2 gg2JSSRS'""gSi^S J2R|g||33RSSS|S| 3 |ig"|SRRS--5S-5!?2R=g3333R"=3S|S| 2 S""33S8S'"''-g?S`'':?=S2g2=3SS.5S3p| , s R332p<g = '0,r.pjo.?;S-RRSaSpS-SSJIll S iR532SRSS-"',-MS0'5:s-R2ss=gss^3S|8| ^2-R3SSsa''SS5|S| g R^S325SK'''gR'R;^="RS3s^3aa|s! ^2-'R3|!RSS''3S3|| N u m b e r o f B o ile r.-........................................................... 104 106 11 ............................................ .................... i ^S 5 ^w ^:::-::::::::::::::::::::::::-::::::::fc \\ Foundations not included. ` 270 271 Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers s l^sS?3:=2',,f!fa2:S-K=53i?a=ssIi9S ||gS5SSS|2-JSg;=5SK355RS|S2=S2||aS s s ||^R2SflS|"-^SR=RKESS^S:sS2psS5p| |S^S23;SSS"'0^SRtRKKS:2R5S:53R^:S35|gg s |S5B=S!SS8--^ftRSSSS5R=83=SSS23gS| O' |S2K3SSS8',:''rRE!SS5:=2RS85RS=S2SRKR m co sSss"s"''r!SS-sss"=2iaS2S:2S13Sg fs iS5S?SS?S-gS5=SSSSSB88S!22=S3Sgg 3 n 8grS3R3SR''1"gKSRSSSR=SSS82=^g:S"3gSS 2 fO |5gsaas*R,',"''a=23*aRiS|2^*ap8 s S2S5SS;!!g'----- R3=3^SSS8SS832^g5?5||S a P5sfSSSS''"'" RSg*58SS8SS32^SS2SS -o 3 RS=aSg-"'rgR323S:58R8SR83R"2322SSg I !S3STSKS'-rgSSgSS588S8R832"2332S2 8J25;5s!:Sa!S''rS5=8R?SS88RSS2"2352|R5 3 1. |s^?2SSSS''rgRSgSRSE38RSS="2S=3|2R 1 1 |K^?SSSS3'"'-"a?2?Rft^SSRS32"2S=JSRft | i&2"3ss3''r'saR0'SaRS33SRR=3",2RS31=? *.S..E^.i:..E.E.E.E.S.S.S..S.S.S.E.E.E.E.S.E.E.E.E.E ' Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers '3 |li*3,S*Ss*5**8i5Si59i3=*33S8 3 83*iR8*ss~a*8Sft5s=9S3aaa*i3B$ 3 |l5Rl*8,"'f?8*K2s=ES8sp83383 3 |I^g=3S?80O'8S:gR35RSR2S^=S33|8 1 |^RSSgS8g'S5;RgST8=2S2S5ES33|3 1 |3gK=SgSS"^R3K3=8=2S32S!=;X5382 2 |!|S2RS38-ss3HS2s:&S83S2a3=g2 N 3 < 3 PriSSassR'-" S38K=8oSS5a^3s2g 3 |g^S3S3gR''"'-RSSR285SS3Rg:g22|s --S p^saasas R33S2S8S832^?31S 3 |3^S3assg''''gssa?ass82S2^23I 3 |2^aSf)SRg-<,'rgS8S32SS8g3="253=2S 3 |3^S2pi!!RS'<5'',^3SiR3JSS8g32"233=8R e p2a3aRR3'c'rgSJ335SS8gS2"233=SR I |S282asas.--a8fta5a*8K3=?2*3SRS_ r IS^?S.sss_'0i'-~g?Rg3gssRS2"2ss2gs i S"Ss"S'-*-~gssg5gssR3="2g2SS2 ji.E.S.S.EC.S.E.S.S.E.E.E..S.E.E..S.E.S.E.E.E.E i n ii 272 273 Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers I I 8|2RSSS?R"-0'rSGKSSS32S!S2S2SBRgS!=SgSSS 2 |S2S2S35!R"'"'rgSGSRS:SaRS52f!2SoSgSR?S|iS I a ggaSSSSSS^'SSsSRSSSISSRasssSSRSaSggS u 8gaSSRSg^S^SS28SSSSRaSS:5!RRGSgS2g 5 i 8g^SJSSRS'""^2:SGSRSX||SSRR2SSRRRR!53g2 = S 1 g8TS3SSSS,'"'m23SS'0E52|K22:SS3S8a252|SS i |8^S^SKSSr',"m2RSS'S523:S22s:Sga2RSSS5 1 8S2S3SRRS,'"'gS58S |s""SSSRS'''g=SS RSJSS^asSSERsaa'SJB 2 IRsjKSSSSSSRR^arSR K8 a is""33!f8S!'`''rg2?S = w 8S3!?3agS'','NRR5 S 1 8K-.!?3SaiR-o''MH?5 R52HSSS222RRsaz23 S8 IRR3R82222RS5a:2,s =2 KR3gss222RRaa22!s 2? 1 a P2*fSSSS Sft KR2SSS222=ESgR2'r!f ?? S^3S?S2222SaSR223 32 1 83RS22?SS'om^"SR SRgRa2:22SRSa2=R 88g SR2S=2?RS'"''S,'S!R ..s.s^.s.e.s.s.e.e.s.e..e.s.s.s.s.e.e.e.s.e.e.e.s.e.s.e:e sss-4 ' ': i-i::: r:;:: a.............................. .... Kewanee Boiler Company t g 5 Ig XH I Boilers 1 B=IS**s*!*8"'"''Raa*sigs*ss=R2a| | tR2G2sss??a'-'s=ssg53;a22=R53is s | s|2 s2!|ssssss"'sas82382as3=sn3g - I 11S2SRSSS?sg">-^sass23g2S5=si3| si2 Sg^ssK?as,'"'s3:assg3R3g23=s=3| 1 2 Hs^^sgR?as,',""aa2sg3E3S23=833| 1 = 1 ysg^aasgss,'"'maa3?g3S3S"S"S338: '!2 5-S5sssss;sr''"s-s^^3:3""5"'S"gi " 1 r?pSsas*sg^^~--S=SS";r33S5 = 1 ?RgRSS!SRSS'"^SiCT'SS!g233S*>S"?33g| 1 *5?gs^.saSSS','-"a'5sgS33R"3"?338| s - 1 It3^a5as;?RSS'''r,fs'Rsssgsgr'3"gT3|s " 1 S2^s2aas'<:"r"g'?!ss3g38,'3,0g538s -;1 3SSSaSa'e,mSR=-?st:=S3,'3"S33|S io.^2SSR!f'"'^R='SRR=S2''5;^2^SS -I >^2--?ag*~"^s"R5gS-~5"S3::Xi| " 1 j^^--RS?""^~sss:A:::!3-'03"S3Sgf " r^^--gg2-',S::eNS!RS3R3a'"2sSS|| "o -1!ssa^RR222g-R'SRS3g3R'oj;"833ss 4 E4i.E.S.E.EJ;.S.E.E.E.Ei. ;.......... ............... 3 ..?.......... iiUjjiiiiii F oundations not included. N o t e -- A F irin g Spa ...-'WKiz? ifttm 275 | Water Line | Returns' 1 Steam Rating Height Length Smoke Pipe [ Outlets 1 Chimney Flue Approximate Shipping Weight Returns 1. Water Rating Number Rating* Sq. Ft. Water Sizeof Grate,J Inches Area of Crate.1 j Ft. Height Over All. Inches, Steam Width Over All. Inches, Steam Height Over All, Inches. Water Width Over All. Inches, Water Water Line, Inches, Steam Outlets and Inlets. .Inches 1 Size of Smoke 11 1 Pipe, Inches II Boilers Molby Boiler Company 41 East 42nd Street, New York Incorporated Plant: Lansdale, Pa. New Molby Magazine-Feed, Downdraft-Crossdraft Smokeless Boilers with adjustable side grate for burning cheap anthracite The New Molby will heat home--large apartment house --or commercial building-- having a good chimney, just as successfully and just as easily with low priced small coal as ordinary boilers burn ing the expensive sizes. Side grate easily adjusted for small coal or large coal. The New Molby is easy to operate, is self feeding, and gives a steady, even heat over long periods with low-priced No. 1 Buckwheat Anthracite. Also burns sized free-burning bituminous with proper chimney draft. Also coke. Magazines need re-filling only once every 12 hrs. Cast iron sectional construction throughout. Ratings are based on the assumption that a good grade of No. 1 Buckwheat Anthracite is to be used and that the chimney is of such area, height and tight ness as to produce the required draft; also that the boiler, mains and connections shall be covered with an insulating material. These ratings, under the same conditions, may be used for sized soft coal, of the free-burning and non-caking variety. Should larger sizes of good grades of Anthracite be used, a given boiler--other conditions being the same--would burn with equal efficiency. 20 per cent more coal. Thus, when 6uch larger sizes are regularly used, the ratings shown are increased 20 per cent. The boiler is built throughout in accord ance with the codes of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. SIZES, CAPACITIES. DIMENSIONS AND PRICES OF NEW MOLBY BOILERS STEAM STEAM AND WATER WATER Size--Inches Number Steain Vtpor List Price 5 % Number Water Cipher List Price 26" Series S- 4025 S- 5026 S- 6026 S- 7026 S- 8026 AJiffO 48 2-3 500 $280 Addieo 48 M 675 340 Admito. 48 7-3 850 400 Adzo 48 2-3 1025 460 Adek> 48 2-3 1200 520 54 54 54 54 . 54 41 41 41 41 41 351/, 10 2-3 8x12 1690 `W--4026 Dome 2-3 850 $270 42 10 2-3 8x12 2230 W- 5026 Doseo 2-3 1125 330 48*% 10 2-3 8x12 2560 W- 6026 Doffo 7-3 1400 390 55 10 7-3 12x12 2950 W- 7026 2-3 1700 -450 61% 10 2-3 12x12 3300 W- 8026 Docko 2-3 2000 510 31" Series S- 4031 S- 5031 S- 6031 S- 7031 S- 8031 S- 9031 S-10031 Bugo Buffo Bullo buno Buibo Buoyo Bungo 54 7-3 1000 470 62% 61 54 7-3 1350 580 62$ 61 54 7-3 1700 667 62'/ 61 54 2-3 7050 814 62% 61 54 2-3 7400 904 62$ 61 54 2-4 7750 984 621* 61 54 2-4 3100 1064 62% 61 37% 14 2-4 8x12 3320 W- 4031 2-4 1650 470 44 14 2-4 12x12 3820 W- 5031 Edgeo 2-4 2250 580 50% 14 2-4 12x12 4290 W- 6031 EdTto 7-4 2850 667 w, 14 2-4 12x16 4690 W- 7031 Edicto 2-4 3425 814 63% 14 2-4 12x16 5100 W- 8031 2-4 4000 904 69% 14 3-4 16x16 5510 W- 9031 bduceo 3-4 4575 964 7% 14 3-4 16x16 5930 W-10031 Eduxo 3-4 5150 1064 47" Series S- 5047 Cabo S 6047 Cello S- 7047 Coro S- 8047 ; Carpo S- 9047 Useo S-10047 Ladio SI 1047 Cabo S-12047 Lando S-13047 Camo 61 2-4 7550 960 61 2-4 3200 1120 61 7-4 3850 1280 61 2-4 4500 1440 61 2-4' 5150 1600 61 3-4 5800 1760 61 3-4 6450 1940 61 %A 7100 2100 61' 3-4 7750 2260 80 80 80 80 80 80 60 80 80 7755V$? . 50% 59 14 14 2-4 12x16 5990 W- 5047 2-4 16x16 7150 W- 6047 Fledo 2-4 4250 960 2-4 5325 1120 75*A 67% 16 3-4 16x!6 8310 W- 7047 3-4 6400 1280 75$ : 76 16 3-4 16x20 9500 W- 8047 3-4 7500 1440 75$ 84% 18 3-4 16x20 10650 W- 9047 FIungo 3-4 8575 1600 75$ 93 16 4-4 20x20 11840 W-10047 3-5 9650 1760 75$ 101 % 18 4-4 20x20 13000 W-11047 Flinto 3-5 10725 1940 75'/ 110 16 4-4 20x24 14150 W-12047 3-5 11800 2100 75'/ 118% 18 4-4 20x24 15320 W-13047- h leigo ' 3-5 12925 2260 Note.--In ordering 26-in. boilers state whether you wish same fitted up with right hand or left hand end to the chimney* ...Length includes Smoke Box.' , ' Equipment.---E&ch steam boiler is equipped with a full set steam trimmings (26 in. series. 1 pressure regulator; 31 in. and 47 in. series. 2 pressure regulators). .. . Water boilers are furnished with two water temperature regulators, except 26 in^ieries which are equipped with one. *A&x>mp!ete set of firing and cleaning tools, together with instruction books for setting up and operation, accompany each boiler. ... - - * 276 Boilers THE WM. H. PAGE BOILER CO. General Office; . 58 West 40th Street, NEW YORK Branches: 123 Beverly Street. Boston. Rose Building, Cleveland 1718 Sansom Street. Philadelphia Factory: Meadville. Pa. Manufacturers of a Complete Lina of Round and Square Steam and Hot Water Boitere ' Monarch Up-Draft Smokeless Monarch Regular Type, Sectional View tMonarch Sectional Steam and Water Boilers Dimensions and Ratings J2 e V3 2 604 850 605 1075 606 1300 607 1525 608 1750 1400 22x20 1775 22x26% 2150 22x32*4 2525 22x39% 2900 22,45'/, 3.C6 60% 39*% 52 4.03 60% 39% 52 5.00 60% 39'/, 52 5.98 % 39% 52 6.95 60'/ 39*% 52 35 34 41 2-3 10 35 40% 41 2-3 10 35 46% 41 2-3 10 35 53% 41 2-3 10 35 59'/ 41 2-3 10 504 1600 505 2050 506 2500 507 2950 508 3400 509 3850 510 4300 511 4750 512 5200 405 3400 406 4200 407 5000 408 5800 409 6600 410 7400 411 8200 412 9000 413 9800 414 10600 415 11400 416 12200 2650 3400 4125 4875 5600 6350 7100 7850 8600 5600 6925 8250 9575 10900 12200 13525 14850 16175 17500 18800 20125 28x24% 28x33% 28x41% 28x49% 28x58% 28x66% 28x66% 28x66% 28x66% 40x33'% 40x41% 40x49% 40x58% 40x66% 40x75 40x83% 40x91% 40x91% 40x91% 40x91% 40x913% 4.82 6.45 8.07 9.70 11.32 12.96 14.58 16.21 17.84 9.20 11.52 13.85 16.18 18.50 20.82 23.13 25.50 27.81 30.14 32.47 34.79 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 81 81 61 81 81 81 61 81 81 81 81 81 45% M% 41 45% mv4 41 45% 64$ 41 45% 64% 41 45% 64$ 41 45% 64% 41 45% 64*% 41 45% MV, 41 45% 64% 41 >/, 51 2-5 13 52 51 2-5 13 60% 51 2-5 13 68% 51 2-5 113 1377*% 51 2-5 in 85V, 51 2-5 93% 51 2-5 13 102% 51 2-5 13 MO*/, 51 2-5 !13 59'/. 59% 59'/. 59%. 59% 59% 59*% 59*% 59% 59'/, 59% 59% 72% 7722%$ 72$ 72'/ 72% 72% 72$ 72$ 72% 72$ 72'/ 55 52 58 55- 60% 58 55 68% 58 55 77% 58 55 85% 58 55 93%. 58 55 102% 58 55 110% 56 55 119 58 55 127% -58 55 135% 58 55 144*% 58 2-5 ! 21 2-5 21 2-5 21 2-5 21 2-5 21 2-5 21 3-5 21 3-5 21 3-5. 21 3-5 21 3-5 21 3-5 21 Monarch boilers are built in conformity with the Boiler Code of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; and ratings as given are conservatively made in accordance with the Standard Formula of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers--are derived from careful and exhaustive tests which proved their safety--and are based on a standard of 2 lb. pressure maintained at the boiler for steam and 180 degrees for hot water. % Bridgewall sections are furnished for shortening grates. Grate areas as given above are for entire length of boilers, but unless otherwise ordered bridgewall section will be shipped with boilers larger than 509 and 412 to reduce grate to length in table of dimensions. f These trailers can also be furnished with header connections, and in both up-draft and down draft smokeless types. 277 Boilers and Radiators National Radiator Company General Offices: JOHNSTOWN, PA. New York. 47 W. 42nd Street , Philadelphia. 121 N. Broad Street Baltimore. 2622 Frisby Street Washington. 1228 H Street Johnstown, Pa. New York New Rochelle Branches Richmond^ 1538 E. Cary Street .'v. Pittsburgh. 1402 Arrott Building Cleveland, 6308 Kinsmam Road Cincinnati, Suite 826-827 Union Central Building Plants New Castle, Pa. . ' Trenton, N. J. Warehouses '' Baltimore Washington Richmond Cleveland Manufacturers National Smokeless, Novus Upright and Sectional, Acme Round, - Radium Gas and Hot Water Supply Boilers, also Aero and Premo Radiators. Seven-Column Patents Applied For ` AEltp RADIATORS The Aero Radiator was designed by Engineers with more than 30 years experience in radiator manufacture. In the Aero line is represented a real effort to simplify the multiplicity of radiator patterns and heights. Large buildings are now warmed with the more modern, efficient, eco ' nomical and easily controlled vapor.and vacuum systems. These neces sitate the use of a radiator pattern with top and bottom nipple connection-- the type known as a water section. The demand for the straight steam ' section, with bottom nipple connection only, is consequently negligible. The Aero Radiator is made in one type only--the top and bottom nipple * connected section. It is tapped top and bottom both ends. The top tappings are plugged and the bottom tappings bushed to size required. . AU radiators are vented for both steam and hot water. One vent is plugged. Any Aero Radiator can be used for either steam, hot water or vapor. Aero Radiators are made in three patterns--Three, Five and Seven Column. A total of 16 heights composes the entire line. Roughing-in measurements are standard. AU sections measure 2H in. from center to center. - The Three-Column pattern is 5J in. wide, the Five-Column pattern 8H in. wide and the Seven-Column pattern 12 in. With these widths and standard roughing-in measurements they can be used on any standard specification. Aero radiators are sold at the same price as standard radiation. 278 National Radiator Company Boilers and Radiators Outlets No. and Size Size Smoke Pipe II National Smokeless Boiler ' Patented Sectional-View . LIST PRICES AND RATING .Js*iSize Steam Water Rating Rating Number Grate* Grate Area tq. ft. Com bustion Height Cham Water ber Line Area Inches sq. ft. Height Top Outlet* Inches Height Includ- Triromings Width Boiler Inches Width Length Includ- Includ- Jo* Trim Smoie- mings hood Inches Inches Size Base Inches I 25- 9 2525 4175 9 5 6.11 75-10 2825 4675 10 6 7.27 825-11 3125 5175 11 / 8.43 25-12 3425 5675 12 9.59 31- 9 3625 5975 9 31-10 4050 6675 10 31-11 4475 7375 11 31-12 4900 8075 12 31-13 5325 8775 13 5 8.55 6 10.24 87 11.93 13.62 9 15.31 36- 9 36-10 36-11 36-12 36-13 36-14 36-15 36-16 5125 8475 9 5750 9500 10 6375 10,525 II 7000 11,550 12 7625 12,575 13 8250 13,600 14 8875 14,625 15 9500 15,650 16 5 11.50 6 13.75 78 16.00 16.25 9 20.50 9 20.50 10 22.75 10 22.75 48- 9 9200 15,100 9 5 18.23 48-1(1 10,325 16,950 10 6 21.76 48^11 11,450 18,800 tl. 7 2533 48-12 12,575 20,650 12 8 28.88 48-13 13,700 22,5a 13 9 32.43 48-14 14,825 24,350 14 9 32.43 48-15 15,950 26,2a 15 to 35.98 48-16 17,075 20,050 16 10 35.98 3.48 3.48 3.48 3.48 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 9.50 9.50 1205 10.65 10.65 10.65 10.65 10.65 1430 14.20 17.75 49 57% 49 57%. 49 57% 49 57% 52 61 52 61 52 61 52 61 52 61 60% 60% 60% 60'/4 60% 60% 60% 60% 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 68 80 68 80 68 80 68 80 68 . 80 68 80 68 80 68 60 65% 65% 65% 65% 71% 71% 71% 71% 71'/, 78% 78% 78% 78% 78% 78% y.78% 78 89 89 89 89 89 . 89 89 89 36% 36% 36% 36% 50 50 50 SO 50 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 40% 74% 27%, 605/, 3-4' 12 %8840% 81% 27%x67% 3-4' 12 40% 27%x74% 3-4' 12 40% 95% 27%, 815/, 3-4' 12 54 54 7889% 33%, 65% 3-5' 33%z 74 3-5' 15 15 54 95% 33%, 81% 3-5' 15 54 103 33%x 89 3-5' <5 54 110% 33%, 96% 3-5' 15 60 87% 41'%, 73% 3-5' 16 60 95% 41%x 81% 3-5' 16 60 104% 4I%* 90% 3-5' 16 60 H7% 4I%* 98% 3-5' 16 60 121 4l%xl07 4-5' 16 60 129% 41%s1IS% 4-3' 16 60 137% 4l%xl23% 4-3' 16 60 146% 51%,132% 4-3' 16 71 109% 53%, 89% 3-6' 20 71 119% 53%z 99% 3-6' 20 71 130% 53%,110% 4-6' 20 71 141% 53%xl2l% 4-6' 20 71 151% 53%,I31% 5-6' 20 71 162% 53%,142% 3-6' 20 71 173 53%xl53 5-6' 20 71 183% 53%*163% 3-6' 20 The National Up-Draft Smokeless Boiler wiU conform to any smoke ordinance. Burning smoke depends upon'the temperature to which the air discharged over the fire is preheated. The National Preheating Air device heats air to in excess of 1000 deg. It is discharged into the smoke and gases as they pass over the Refractory Bridge wall into the Combustion-Chamber. - The National Smokeless Boiler will clear to the No. 1 Smoke Screen in from 10 to 15 seconds and to a clear stack in less than one minute after firing a charge of'green coal. National Smokeless boilers show an average increase of 28 per cent in evaporation on the same fuel charge and consequently are very economical in operation. The volume of preheated air necessary to burn smoke varies with the state of com bustion. The air should be gradually decreased and cut off almost completely during a period of about 20 minutes from the time fuel is charged. Unless this is done the preheated air has a tendency to chiU rather than increase the gas temperatures and Sylph-Oil Air Regulator Patents Applied For the boiler efficiency and evaporation is decreased.' - The Sylph-Oil Regulator operates the Preheating Air Device automatically and positively can be regulated to close the air intake in any time from one half-a minute to one hour after fuel is charged. 279 Boilers Oil CJitxjOil City* Boiler. "Works \i ------* 1Li - New York, N. Y., SOI Fifth Ave. Philadelphia, Pa.. 1043 Real Estate Trust Bldg. Boston, Mass.. 66 Broadway Pittsburgh. Pa., 1116 House Bldg. Atlanta. Ga., 50 S. Forsyth St. Baltimore, Md., Dukehart -Bldg.. McComas and Race Sts. - Chicago, III., 308-19 W. Jackson Blvd. ^Kansas City, Mo.. 410 E. 43rd St. 'Houston, Texas, 410 Union National Bank Bldg. Los Angeles, Calif., 1003 Union Bank Bldg. Denver, Colo., 1621 Fifteenth St. Buffalo, N. Y., 220 Delaware Ave. "Oil City" Direct Draft Boiler "Oil City" Smokeless Boiler "OIL CITY" low pressure boilers are offered to the trade as the last word in "Heating Economy" comprising in one unit all the elements of a modern plant for steam or hot water heating, especially adapted for Schools, Office Buildings, Hotels, Churches, Club Houses, Hospitals or for any purpose where the service of a universally recognized fire box boiler of high merit is desired. All parts of the boiler are made ac cessible for cleaning by the use of man holes, handholes, and wash-out plugs. Ratings--Ratings are very conservative, only such parts of the boiler coming in actual contact with passage of the hot gases, and lying below the zone of normal water level being considered as heating surface. "OIL CITY" boilers are designed and constructed to meet all requirements of modern engineering as formulated by the A merican Society of Mechanical Engineers, the boiler laws of the various states and cities, and are backed by 35 years of suc cessful practical experience. Description--"OIL CITY" boilers are built in smokeless and straight draft types for portable and brick settings, self con tained with all steel construction thor oughly braced, stayed, inspected, and tested for 15 lb. working pressure. These boilers have large fire boxes thereby insuring ample combustion space in which heat-giving gases and air freely mix before entering tubes. The arrangement of tubes in relation to shell allows free circulation of water at all times, together with large steam space, insuring dry steam and steady water level.. Equipment--Equipment with all boilers includes, in addition to complete set of shaking grates, all the necessary castings, safety valves, steam gauge, water column, etc., required for a complete installation. In General--In addition to the foregoing, the object of the OIL CITY BOILER WORKS is to furnish a boiler that has embodied in it the best features of modern construction and free from the recognized faults. . ' Every "OIL CITY" boiler bears the official stamp of the A. S. M. E. Boiler Code, indicating the pressure at which the boiler may be worked. At a small increase in cost "OIL CITY" boilers are furnished, braced and stayed, for a safe working pressure of 100 lb. Complete specifications, measurements and weights shown in Catalog H-9. SPECIFICATIONS AND GENERAL DIMENSIONS ON NEXT PAGE. 280 Oil City Boiler Works Boilers "Oil City" Smokeless. txrrzr eraxrx ovnorr - jretm repo 7o erc/r renr Poors 407 404 409 4JO 4/t 417 413 Ot9 4tS 4/6 4/T 4/4 4/4 470 471 477 JZJ 479 MW/Jr.fr xoo JSOO 9000 4300 xoo 3500 6000 6300 7300 4300 oxc 0X3O A6X0 6000 0OQO 7CCCB 730X0 xaz Jff xxo tro 6600 `too ora 3900 3300 OTOO 17900 9030 A 94 94 39 39 39 60 60 60 60 66 66 or 74 03 03 49 39 .9-/ ITS e-tt U-n to-// 109/ 00 a-j *-J tS-9 /TO X-7 IT/I /Tt7 0-0 709 nett j-t J-9 9-7 33 3-9 9-7 9-7 9-4 9-9 4-9 9-y 69 3-0 3-9 3-4 4-t 9-3 9i 11 tt n /9 a /3 tf 779 779 779 77ft 73 73 73 73 73 73 tt 4 4 Tt 76 T9 T9 47 47 47 47 90 90 96 96 97 97 03 03 nett TO TO TO T3 TS TJ 4-J 4-3 4-J 4/t 4tt 9-3 9-3 9-7 47 01 09 natr ft t9 f9 t9 t* T9 /7 /T /T t7 T7 t7 /7 tr /7 /7 tt 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 * 7 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 0 tt 4 4 9 9 9 4 S S 5 J 6 6 4 6 4 4 4 tt 0,0 an ajf a*r 0*47 047 &r4 e}.9t 0-4 036 6.JO /5.X ms9 /749 >7^0 P0O 7044 4T04 tr 77 77 77 79 79 79 79 76 74 70 30 37 J9 39 36 36 90 47 tt JO V JO J9 39 39 JO JO 90 90 99 96 30 30 37 37 Jt 36 tt 4? 70 TO 77 77 77 79 79 79 76 03 30 37 37 39 3* JO 90 tt XI TO TO Jt Jt Jt J9 39 36 36 40 97 96 96 94 43 39 39 JO S3 JJ 33 JJ 60 60 60 63 63 74 TV XT XT 40 n 60 65 63 65 65 XT TO TO 73 73 73 40 40 40 SO TXT * 76 76 76 TO TO TO JT 37 37 37 33 33 37 37 90 90 "Oil City" Direct Draft Type t&noae ar ooas/r 907 X4 909 930 9// 9/ 9/3 9/4 9/5 3/6 377 3/d 3/9 970 97/ 97 305 XV emrcrrr- jt&m 39 77 7300 7300 JSOO 9000 4300 SOOO 1500 6000 7000 4000 3300 1000 (3000 SOTO //SCO Tooa esooo 4XO. crfnc/ry - Ttrrz/e OOLOe PMT7ZT Jt f* 900 9400 3300 6600 7900 4300 300 950C 0600 (3XO 5X70 6700 3300 64301 XXX J7CCC 9XXTC. 222/ T9 tt *4 94 94 J9 34 39 60 60 60 60 66 66 77 77 X3 X3 44 49 OCttSJC L&tGTM rexr' ro a/n.cr a frPtt 4-7 36 /// 00 //-/ r-t 0-5 0-7 M-9 J6-7 13-3 /T4 ef-tt /T6 IT/I 13-11 701 77-t c Prptt J-tt 9-J 4-0 4-7 4-3 4-t 4-7 4-0 S-H 6-3 6-5 7-7 6-3 6-3 6-7 *-// 7-7 3-7 floor 70 rcTurrt e> tt 13 /9 to !3 19 ts 336 774 776 776 73 73 73 73 7J 73 73 73 floor to M*7zr arts tr ft 7/ 7/ 76 76 76 47 47 47 47 30 30 36 96 37 37 05 03 HEt&fT CXET TTOtLET r frftt 7-0 TO TO TS TJ 7-5 4-5 0-5 0-3 O-J 4-tl 01l 9-5 9-5 3-7 9-7 0-t 01 HOGtfTfXJM frr 6 frit* T9 /4 t9 79 79 t4 77 /7 /.* tf /7 /7 /7 tf /7 /7 t7 /7 J/7 Ot/TLTr tt 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 0 4 a t3 O O 0 0 jrz rrrurrt 5/Z JfXK Ot/TLCr tt 9 4 4 9 4 4 5 S 3 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 tt an 0.36 ax 097 ad C.4T a.% 0,16 006 0X6 5.JO 0.30 (TJf (7.A 7/60 VJD 436* <069 par. Tsrcsr/t/tYG -ays olt. tt 77 77 77 79 79 79 36 76 70 70 JO 37 39 34 36 36 90 97 PM 73rCCtf//rG-7hXT OLTJ or/. 3777C* -era: air. tt 30 30 JO 34 39 J9 J4 33 90 90 99 96 JO JO 57 57 56 56 t} TO TO 70 77 77 77 79 79 36 76 70 JO 37 J7 39 39 33 90 0*9. JTi9Cr TMT OLTJ. tt 43 74 TO Jt Jt Jt J9 J9 JS X 90 97 96 96 94 94 39 59 nrtsar J779cr-ara: our fr JO JO 35 33 33 60 60 60 65 '63 6J XT XT XT OO JO JO 00 HtGTfT J7T9CK - 7TO 07373. fr 60 60 63 63 63 XT, XT XT TS 73 73 40 00 OO 50 too 0O /0 rep# 70 opcrr rear poors tt 76 76 76 TO 43 TO JT JT J3 37 Jf JS 37 J7 90 90 4J 93 281 Boilers and Heating Specialties Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. 41 East 42nd St. NEW YORK CITY Factories: ' Eastwood, Syracuse and Oswego, N. V.; Huntingdon, Pa-; Zanesville, O. Branch Offices: ` New York, Brooklyn. Syracuse, Newark, Worcester, Botson, Philadelphia, Detroit, New London, Pittsburgh Cast iron water boilers 100 to 23,450 sq. ft. capacity. Cast iron steam boilers 325 to 14,200 sq. ft. capacity. Firebox heating boilers, capacity steam radiation 2,500 to 25,000 sq. ft.; capacity water radiation 4,000 to 40,000 sq. ft. Radiators--all types. Sizes and Dimensions No.* Sffturns Length BOILER AND HEADERS Width Height Height ' Water Line on S. B. No. and Size, Outlets No. and Size, Returns Smoke Pipe Dis. Size of Flue Chimney Height ` CAPACITY SQ. FT. Steam Water Boilers Boilers 114 4 47 45 215 5 55 45 216 6 63 45 56% 40% 2-3 2-3 x/f 10x10 . 30 600 1000 56% 40% sf/5 40'/, 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 my/i 10x10 10x10 30 35 800 1325 \ 1000 1650 265 5 55 51 266 6 63 51 267 7 71 51 268 8 79 51 64% 47% 2-3 2-3 11% 12x12 35 1400 2325 64V$ 47% 2-4 2-4 11% 12x16 35 1750 2900 64'/$ 47% 2-4 2-4 11% 12x16 40 2100 3475 64>/$ 47% 2-4 2-4 11% 16x16 40 2450 4050 325 326 327 328 329 3210 5 6 7 8 9 10 55 63 71 79 87 95 59'/4 67 59'/, 67 59'/4 67 59'/4 67 59% 67 59'/, -67 49 49 49 49 49 49 2-4 2-4 14 2-5 2-5 14 2-5 2-5 14 2-5 2-5 14 2-5 2-5 14 2-5 2-5 14 12x16 35 12x16* --4016x16 40 16x16 45 16x20 50 20x20 60 1700 2250 2800 3350 3900 4450 2825 3700 4625 5525 6450 7350 405 406 407 408 409 .4010 '4011 4012 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 55 : 66% 69% 63' 66% 69% 71 66% 69% 79 W/r 69% 87 66'/$ 69% 95 66% 69% 1m03 66% 69% 66'/$ 69'/,' 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 2-4 2-4 15% 16x16 45 2600 4300 2-5 2-5 15% 16x20 45 3250 5375 2-5 2-5 15% 16x20 50 3900 6450 2-5 2-5 15% 20x20 50 4550 7500 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 11553//4, . 20x20 '20x20 55 55 5200 6600 5850 9650 2-5 2-5 15% 20x20 60 6500 10725 2-5 2-5 15% 20x24 60 7150 11600 466 6 . 68 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 193/4 24x24 65 5400 8925 467 468 7 8 76 84 79 - 82' 79 82 55J/4 55% 2-6 2-6 2-6 19% 24x24 70 2-6 19% 24x24 75 6500 10725 7600 12550 469 9 92 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 193/4 24x28 80 8700 14350 4610 10 100 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 193/4 24x28 85 9800 16150 4611 II 108 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 193/4 28x28 95 10900 18000 4612 12 116 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 19% 28x28 100 12000 19825 4613 13 46|4 14 124 132 79 79 82 82 55% 55'/, 2-6 . 2-6 2-6 2-6 I9A 19% 28x28 28x32 105 no 13100 21625 14200 23450 , *Steam boilers are designated by the letter "S" before the number, as S-214, S-215, etc. Water boilers are designated by the letter "WtM as W-214, W-215, etc. __ All measurements are in inches, except where, otherwise noted. Special sizes or location of tappings can be furnished at prices shown in discount sheet. Blank grates sections for brick fire wall to reduce size of grate will be supplied without extra charge with boiler if so ordered. , `. (See page 440. Valve Section) ' 282 Boilers Ames Iron Works Division of Pierce, Butler & Pierce Manufacturing Corporation OSWEGO, N. Y. We are builders of highest grade steel plate fire tube boilers for Steam Power and Heating purposes. All boilers being built to conform to A. S. M. E. requirements. Our standard lines in clude, Horizontal Tubu lar, Vertical, Empire Re turn Tubular Portable and Portable types of Fire Box Boilers with plain furnace and down draft furnace, the latter for the smokeless burningof Bitu minous Coal. All steel plate boilers are built at our Oswego, N. Y. plant where we have been known "in" all'parts of the U. S. as one of. the leading boiler manu facturers for a period of in excess of 70 years, and at all times availing our selves of opportunities and installing most mod ern machinery for the building of a better boiler. The large number of Firebox Heating boilers we have built in the past to meet the exacting re quirements of Architects and Engineers who put service above cost has established a precedent for Ames Boilers to such an extent that we have now standardized on the sizes shown on the two following pages on which $ information is given that will be found of value in providing location and space in building. When selecting size boiler for your require ments you will under stand that our ratings are safe and conservative. ' Ames Firebox Heating Boiler with Downdraft Furnace SEE THE TWO FOLLOWING PAGES FOR DIMENSIONS 283 Ames Iron Wor\s g 8 Boilers a |ssi_ ,'|^g2?SaS3::2S:SS^R52S2 a ils1 |!?- r'S2:gK?Sf!SS22RSSE!R;2S2 l-5 2j.sssSsisb2:c?s^e:rr?2 |l? '''SiSSRSSaSsaasaSRRRRSiSR a gift s|Sss?sass2:s?aa~?R?2 i IIr S2jS2S?RXR2aRSR22S;g2S2 a |ss c lss? O' s32sssssaxsaassR22s;852 s|Sss?ssass22ss^2ss=52 7 3S3 S!SgSSSaX2=rSSS2::S;8E!S= 7 I~s ^IssxasasssR^slWcfssacs 5 Pa*5 ,"S5ss:sasass2:ssR2:2S2=s= N7 lRfj ^SSsRSRSSSRRaXgll^SP^RR 7 l^s^^IfeR^asasR^^sssisasrRR 1 Is" _ ~RlSagRgS332:2S;*S*2SS=== S SjsL 'il-S- JRRSSSSggS-SaR'-sl' : S^'ZS.S.E.E.S.S.S.E.E.S.S.E.S.S.S.S'.E.E.S.E.E.E.E.S.E ' Sis : : :4a.......................................................................... Ames Iron Worlds Boilers p5S''R|2s88S*mssisa!:s92S2 s I=* ?SSi8aftB*s*s`as=2*:a a |i" ,'XS2S?SgRRS2aRa!:252?2 i |?s ''2S=saa?RS3gsa22?2S^ s !=S r'|^=S?S5RSRSaa2SS^ s |"g S|2oSS2SaSSg?aR3RRR a 1=1 S|SoSS3aaSSS?S22R^RR 1 lssi S|3ogX3aaSSH?SRSftaR s Pa s|assa3gaagass^:E!aaR o l3a '||ssassaasass^2aaR2 3sh ^xassssaxsaHsalbxlRR o PS"":,s|5s3ssnx3asaa22aaa 8 Ps Hss?gg3S3:ssa22,,aR= 2 l3!*' 3'5Sss3gg3Kass^:2aaR2 i I5!* "'IJssggaa?srss^23aR= 1 l^^'r"a|5Sg3gR32Rga"2S=22 i |SS''"5fSlRS* ^2Sg$2RgR2R=22 iaa.E.E.E.E.E.E.E.E.E.E.E.E.lS.E.S.E..E.E.S.E.E .............. dd.................... .............. 284 285 Boilers Frank. Prox Company- PROX-"BC" Series Up-Draft Smokeless Boiler Patent Pending Boilers Number - No. Sections Total Length, End to End In. Total Width Over Header In. Grate Area Sq. Ft. Flow In. Return Rating List Price Complete Cipher Chimney Size EC-106 EC-107 EC-108 EC-110 EC-Ill . EC-112 6 7 8 10 II 12 67 74 81 95 102 109 50 8.19 2-4 2-4 1750 $630.00 Ecbatic 12x16' 50 9.54 3-4 3-4 2250 740.00 Eccentnc 16x16' 50 10.20 y-A 3-4 2750 845.00 Echelon 16x16' 50 13.12 4-4 4-4 3250 960.00 Echo 16x16' 50 14.58 4-4 4-4 3650 1070.00 Ectozoa 16x20' 50 16.60 4-4 4-4 4200 1190.00 Eclipse 16x20' Height to top of header................. --.......................................................................................70 in. Water line.... ................. --............................................................................................................... 50 in. 286 Up-Draft Smokeless Series No. Length In. AC-207 AC-208 AC-209 AC-210 AC-211 AC-212 AC-213 78 85 92 99 106 113 120 BC-210 BC-2II BC-212 BC-213 BC-214 BC-215 . BC-216 BC-217 . BC-218 BC-219 BC-220 BC-221 BC-222 . BC-223 BC-224 BC-225 108 115 122 129 136 143 150 157 164 171 178 185 192 199 206 213 Sq. Ft. Grate Surface 15.9 18.1 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.2 . 22.2 25.4 25.4 25.4 28.6 28.6 31.7 31.7 31.7 35.0 35.0 38.1 38.1 Flows, In. Returns In. 2-5 2-5 2-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 2-8 2-8 *2-8 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-4 . 4-4 Rating 4750 5275 5600 6650 7325 7800 8350 8800 9600 10,400 11,425 12,000 12,800 13,600 14,400 15,200 16,000 16,800 18,000 19.200 20,400 21,600 22,800 List Price Complete $1350.00 1448.00 1582.00 1674.00 1858.00 1980.00 2063.00 2166.00 2366.00 2473.00 2678.00 2920.00 3120.00 3320.00 3520.00 3710.00 3900.00 4100.00 4345.00 4605.00 4865.00 5125.00 5385.00 Cipher Chimney Sizes. Round or Square Maut Maton Moke Mespo Mafo Maga 20x60' 20x60* 24x60* 24x65' 24x70* 24x70* 24x70* Robe Komb Rout Roter Kodes - Rozcn Roew Roked Rongo . Rollo Rotar Koeber Roble Robust 24x80* 24x80* 28x70* 28x70* 28x80* 32x70* 32x70* 32x70* 32x80* 32x80* 32x80* 32x85* 32x85' 32x85* 32x95* 32x95* Height to top of header............... Water line....................................... Size of smoke pipe..................... Height to center of smoke pipe.- Total width over headers........ Asbestos covering 287 A Series . 72 in. . 50 in. . 18 in. 50 in. . 93 in. B Series 80 in. 55 in. 24 in. 55 in. 93 in. Boilers and Radiators Richmond Radiator Company 1480 Broadway, New York 460 Park Square Bldg., Boston 900 Kieth Bldg., Cleveland 217 E. Illinois St., Chicago 2241 N. American St., Philadelphia ] 316 Fulton Bldg., Pittsburgh Richmond Radiator Co. Boilers and Radiators Richmond Radiator Company "RICHMOND" SMOKELESS BOILERS BURN COAL SMOKELESSLY "RICHMOND" Sectional Boiler Made in sizes: 4800 to 12000 sq. ft. for Steam; 7925 to 19800 sq. ft. for Hot Water. ' " MODEL " Sectional Boiler Made in sizes: 350 to 5850 sq. ft. for Steam; 575 to 9650 sq. ft. for Hot Water. -, -ii :;fe "RICHMOND" Radiators "RICHMOND" Round Boiler Made in sizes: 400 to 1425 sq. ft. for Made in 1, 2, 3 and 7 columns, window, Steam; 675 to 2350 sq. ft. for Hot Water. | indirect and wall patterns. Catalogs of Boilers and Radiators Upon Request 288 OPERATION OF BOILER A--Air Intake (1 on each side). B--Patented Heat Holding and Fire Resistent Fire Brick Arch. C--Coal and Fire on Primary Grate. D--Secondary Grate where unburned gases are consumed. E--Point at which oxygen is supplied for perfect combustion of gases. F--Gas escaping openings in upper part . of fire arch. G--Overhanging fire surfaces. . H--Flues in which products of combustion travel from rear to front of boiler. J--Flues in which products of combustion travel to rear of boiler. . Fresh air is drawn through air intakes on either side of boiler, mixes directly with fuel gases, forming a mixture which is instantaneously ignited and in rear chamber bursts into an intense flame changing all smoke particles into colorless carbon dioxide. meets the requirements of the most rigid smoke ordinances Many other interesting points of this boiler are adequately presented in Catalog which will be sent on request. Made in sizes 4800 to 12000 sq. ft. for Steam. Made in sizes 7925 to 19800 sq. ft. for Water. 289 Boilers and Radiators The H. B. Smith Company Works: Westfield, Mass. Westfield, Mass. New York, 10 East 39th Street Cleveland, 1108 Webster Avenue, S.E. 57 Main Street Boston, 640 Main Street, Cambridge Philadelphia, 17th and Arch Streets Manufacturers of Boilers and Radiators for Steam and Water Heating No. GO Smith Boiler--Front No. GO Smith Boiler--Beck 290 The H. B. Smith Company Boilers and Radiators SMITH SMOKELESS BOILERS For Anthracite Coal, Oil. Gas. Coke and all Bituminous Coals. When Bituminous Coal contains over 22H% volatile Oxygen Torch should be installed. With Oxygen Torch No. of Sec- Nominal Size of Fire Pot. Inches Total Length Length at Steam Water of Foun- Rating. Rating, Boiler Width Length Inches dolion. Inches Feet Feet 10 27 11 27 12 27 13 27 14 27 15 27 16 27 II 36 . 12 36 13 36 .14 36 15 36 16 36 17 36 18 36 12 60 13 60 14 60 15 60 16 60 17 60 18 60 19 60 20 . 60 No. 27 36 77 62 2.700 4.450 42 83 66 3.000 4.950 46 69 74 3.300 5.450 54 95 80 3.600 5.950 60 101 86 3.900 6.425 66 107 92 4.200 6,925 72 113 98 4.500 7.425 No. 36 42 87 68 4.300 7.100 48 93 74 4.800 7.925 54 99 80 5300 8,750 60 105 86 5.800 9,575 66 111 92 6300 10.400 72 117 93 6.800 11.225 78 123 104 7300 12.050 . 84 129 110 7.800 12.875 No. 60 42 110 73 10.800 17.800 48 116 79 12,000 19.800 54 122 85 13300 21,800 60 128 91 14.400 23,750 66 134 97 15.600 25.750 66 140 103 16.800 27.700 72 146 109 18.000 29,700 78 152 115 19.200 31,700 78 158 121 20.400 33,650 Additional Data Applying to Boilers Both With and Without Smokeless Furnace . Boiler No................... . width at foundation................ Width of boiler, steam............ Width of boiler, water............. Height of boiler....................... Height of water line ............... Oval smoke pipe equivalent to.. 27 35* 56* 59* 80* 57* 13V/ round 36 /,* 72* 76* 83* 59* 17* round 60 72* 98* 98* 87* 66* 26* round Tappings Supply Drum* Outside diameter12 in. Tapped for 2-in. lock-nut nipples. Front end tapped 2 in. Rear end tapped one 4 in. and one 2 in. .Tappings on Top Number of .Sections 20 Size of Tappings 4* 5* 6* 8* Number of Tappings 2 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 No. of Sec tions in Boiler Nominal Size of Fire Pot, Inches width Length Total Length Length at Foun Boiler dation. Inches Inches Steam Water Rating. Rating, Feet Feet No. 27 5 27 24 47 32 1.200 1.975 6 27 30 53 38 1.500 2.475 7 27 36 59 44 1.800 2.975 8 27 42 65 50 2.100 3.475 9 27 48 71 56 2,400 3.950 10 27 54 77 62 2.700 4,450 11 27 60 83 68 3,000 4.950 12 27 60 89 74 3300 5.450 12 27 66 89 74 3.300 5,450 13 27 66 95 80 3.600 5.950 13 27 72 95 80 3.600 5.950 14 27 66 101 86 3,900 6,425 . 14 27 78 101 86 3.900 6.425 No. 36 7 36 36 . 63 44 2300 3.600 8 36 42 69 50 2.800 4.625 9 36 48 75 56 3.300 5.450 10 36 54 . 81 62 3.800 6.275 11 36 60 87 68 4300 7.100 12 36 60 93 74 4.600 7.925 12 36 66 93 74 4.800 7.925 13 36 66 99 80 5.300 8.750 13 36 72 99 80 5.300 8,750 14 36 66 105 86 5,800 9.575 14 36 78 105 86 5.600 9.575 15 36 72 111 92 6.300 10.400 15 36 84 111 92 6.300 10.400 No. 60 8 60 9 60 10 60 11 60 12 60 13 60 14 60 15 60 16 60 17 60 18 60 19 60 20 60 36 86 42 92 46 98 54 104 60 no 66 116 72 122 78 128 84 134 78t 140 Mt 146 84f 152 84t 158 49 6.000 9.900 55 7.200 11,900 61 8.400 13.850 67 9.600 15.850 73 10.800 17.800 79 12,000 19.800 85 13.200 21.800 91 14,400 23.750 97 15.600 25.750 103 16.800 27.700 109 16.000 29.700 115 19.200 31.700 121 20.400 33.650 Note--For additional data pertaining to these boilers, see table at bottom of opposite column. Return Drums* Steam Boilers ' Outside diameter................ ..........................8 in. Tapped for 2-in. lock-nut nipples. _ Front ends tapped............ ....................--2)4 in. Rear ends tapped------------- ----------- ------ 5 in. Undersides tapped.........,,..................... --1M in. ' Fire Tools Furnished Poker, hoe. slice bar, flue brush with handle and asb shovel. * Trimmings Furnished with Steam Boilers WateT column, gage cocks, water gage cocks, water gage glass, steam gage (with cock),.steam gage siphon. Damper regulator complete with chain. . - -*When boiler is to be used for water warming, specify on order the size of supply and return pipe tappings. Tappings other than those listed are special. Order must specify size. 291 $' The H. B. Smith Company Boilers and Radiators Mills Water Tube Steam and Water Boilers Sectional cast iron boilers which are moderate in first cost, low maintenance and extremely economical in fuel. Sectional view shows large combustion chamber and vertical waterways of small area. The latter absorb the heat quickly, circulate the water rapidly and make dry steam. May be fired with anthracite coal, wood, coke or fuel gas. Size of Boiler No. 24 No. >4 No. 44 No. 48 No. U Mills Steam Boiler No. 44 Mills Boiler--Interior Nominal Width Fire Pot Inches 24 34 44 48 Commercial Rating'--Capacity in Sq. Ft. Steam Water 900 to 2025 ' 2000 to 5200 3600 to 9000 4800 to 12,000 1500 to 3350 3300 to 8575 5950 to 14,850 7925 to 19,800 Max. Allowable Working Presser Steam Water (Open Tank) Water (Closed Tank) 15 lb. 15 lb. 15 lb. 15 lb. 30 lb. 30 lb. 601b. 30 lb. H-B Steam and Water Boilers H-B Boilers have three waterways be tween sections. They are the only boilers in which ascending and descending cur rents of water are circulated through separate connections, giving a steady water line and rapid circu lation without back pressure. 17 Hy-Test Boiler For Hot Water Supply A. S. M. E. Standard Maximum allowable working pressure, 120 lb. Open Tank; 80 lb. Closed Tank. The H. B. Smith Company Boilers and Radiators Princess Direct Radiators For sanitary reasons, radiators with wide spacing should be demanded. If ordinary radiators are not sanitary enough for hospitals, they are not sani tary for the home. To meet hospital specifications some manufacturers make special radiators with wide spacing and charge an increased price. Princess Radiators are the standard radiatprs of The H. B. Smith Co. and are sold at regular list prices. Princess Wall Radiators Suited, for all places where direct radiators or pipe coils cannot be used. Espe cially desirable in locations where floor space is valuable and where wall, column or ceiling space is more available. They possess extreme flexibility of size and arrange ment. Made in two heights, 15 and 22 in. Can be furnished with heating surfaces from 5 sq. ft. up, in multiples of 2J4 sq. ft. Corresponding lengths in 22 in. radiator are from 9 in. up, in multiples of 4 in. (1 in. allowed in over all length for plugs and bushings). In the 15 in. radiator, corresponding lengths are from 13 in. up, in.multiples of 6 in. By combinations of the two heights, these radiators can be arranged in tiers, either for horizontal runs or for column work. Hung horizontally, they make excellent ceiling radiators. ' . 292 " Princess'' Wall Radiator 293 Boilers Standard Heater Company Williamsport, Pa. NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA BOSTON . BALTIMORE DETROIT CHICAGO DENVER DULUTH Builders of Spencer Heaters BUFFALO SPENCER HEATERS Give uniform heat over long periods and use small size hard coal with least attention to the fire. f The magazine-feed feature is built into the heater and requires no adjust ment. The magazine holds a supply of coal sufficient for 8 to 12 hours in severe weather or for a proportionately longer period in milder weather. Spencer Heaters are economical and efficient. Due to the magazine-feed feature of the Spencer Heater it is impracticable to obtain a firing period of les3 than 8 hours. Therefore ratings of Spencer Heaters are based upon an evaporation of 8 lbs. of water per lb. of coal burned, the rated evaporation having been obtained in actual test made in accordance with the A. S. H. & V. E. Code 1919 for testing low pressure boilers, using fresh mined No. 1 Buckwheat coal as fuel. '. . 2* Standard Healer Company Boilers SPENCER HEATERS are adaptable for residences, apartment houses, churches, schools, public and commercial buildings, theatres, green houses, garages and ail other types of buildings heated by low pressure steam, vapor, or hot water. '* For over 25 years SPENCER HEATERS have been tried and tested under the most severe climatic conditions. There are thousands of successful installations throughout the entire country. Write for illustrated catalog containing complete information. SO Series. Spencer Tabular Healer 100 Series. Spencer Tubular Heater SPENCER TUBULAR STEAM HEATERS Rating Heater Sq. Ft. Number Radia tion Fire Surface Sq.Ft. Heating Surface Sq.Ft. Tapping Flow Tapping Return Overall Length !m. Overall Width Ins. Water line Ins. Draft to Develop Rating Ins. H,0 Size Chimney Flue IS n 19 20 21 fl'3-45 SB-50 J J3-55 2P-60 * 3-70 3-80 .5 3-90 g 3-105 2 >~120 8 3-140 ~ >-160 2,000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.500 6.000 7,000 8,000 9.000 10.500 12.000 14.000 16.000 12.00 13.50 15.00 16.50 18.00 18.05 20.24 22.56 24.83 27.00 30.35 34.70 39.05 43.40 47.75 52.10 282 2-4' 309 2-4' 337 2-4' 365 2-4' 393 2-4' 389 2-5* 429 . 2-5' 468 2-5* 506 2-5' 547 2-5' 560 1-8' 621 1-8' 683 1-8' 745 1-8' 807 1-6' 869 | 1-8' 2-3' 71 2-3' 77 2-3' 83 2-3' 89 2-3' 95 60 60 60 60 60 1-4' I07>/, 1-4' 114 M' W/f 1-4* 1161A 1-4' 132% 81 81 81 81 81 M' IOI'/j 11/, 41-4' 107V, 1-4' 114 1-4' 120V, M' im 1-4' H8v4 56 56 56 56 56 59 59 59 59 59 66 66 66 66 66 66 .23 16'xl6'x50' .24 I6'xl6'x55* ,25 16'xl6'a60' .26 I6'x16'x65' .27 I6'xl6'x65' .24 I8'xl8'x50* .25 I6'xl8'x55' .26 I8'xl8'x60* .27 I8'xl8'x65' .28 18'x18'x70* .27 20'x20'x65' .28 20'x20'x65' .29 22'x22'x65' .30 24'x24'x70* .32 24'x24'x7<T .34 24'x24'x70' fdpchSuto' 3-45 l 3-160 are furnisht<1 "uh steel jackets and 1H in. Rockwool asbestos covering. Heaters No. 15.21 are furnished with steel jackets only. Chimney Fine sires are based on a maximum Flue Temperature at Boiler Smoke outlet of 500 deg. fahr. 294 15" Series. Spencer Sectional Heater No. Series. Spencer Sectional Healer SPENCER SECTIONAL STEAM HEATERS Heater ' Number Rating Sa. Ft. Radiation Fire Surface Sq.Ft. Tapping Tapping Flow Return Overall Length Ins. Overall Width Ins. Water Line Ins. Draft - to Develop Rating Ins. H30 Size Chimney Flue ' 154--S 158--S 375 625 750 900 | '600 2,000 2-11 3^200 15-4-W 15-5-W 15-6-W 15-7-W 15-8-W 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 27-4-W 27-5-W 27-6-W 1,600 2,100 2,600 2-6-W 2-7-W 2-8-W 2-9-W 2-10-W 2-11-W 2,100 2,600 3,200 3,800 4,500 5,100 2.29 3.02 3.78 4.54 5.30 4.51 5.64 6.77 7.90 9.03 10.16 11.28 1-4' 1-4' J-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-3' 2-3' 2-3' 4-3' 4-3' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 33 39% 47 54 62 63% 70 761/s 82% 88V* 95 ioiv. 33>/i 33V, 33V, 33% 33% 57V, 57% 57V$ 57% 57% 57Ve 57V# 49 49 49 49 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 SPENCER SECTIONAL WATER HEATERS 2.29 3.02 3.78 4.54 5.30 4.38 5.84 7.31 5.64 6.77 7.90 9.03 10.16 11.28 1-4' ` 1-4' 1-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-3' 33 33</2 2-3' 39% 33% 2-3' 47 4-3' 54 4-3' 62 n33t%i m2-4' 41% Wi 2-4' 49% 2-4' 58 2-4' 70 57% 2-4' 76'/* 57% 2-4' 82V* 57% 2-4' 88% 57V, 2-4' 95 57% 2-4' IQl1/* . 57% 295 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21 8'x 8'x30* IO'xIO'xSS? I0'xl0'x35' I0'xl0'x40" I0'xl0'x30' 10'xl0'x35' I2'xl2'x35' I2'xl2'x35' |2'xl2'x40' I2'x12'x40' 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21 , 8'x8'x30' S'xS'xSO' I0'xl0'x35' 10'xl0'x35' I0'xl0'x40' I0'xl0'x35' 10'x10'x40' I2*x12*x35' I0'x10*x35' J2'x12'x35' I2'x12'x35' I2'x12'x35' 12'xl2'x40' I2'x12'x40r Boiler Number 11_ 8 Hr. Rating 1 Sq. Ft. Steam || 8 Hr. Rating Sq. Ft. Water Grate Area.____ 1 1Height to Top [ 1Outlet, In. II Height Water* line. In. No. Outlet! and Size, In. List Price Com plete, Steam | L ilt Price Com plete, Water Boilers Richardson & Boynton Company 260 Fifth Avenue New York City . _ ......... . | BRANCHES Boston 60 High Street Chicago ' 3641 S. Ashland Avenue Providence 58 Exchange Street Philadelphia 1308 Arch Street Rochester Rockwood Street RICHARDSON ROUND BOILER List Prices and Data 1 Z .ll E-. A .5* > Height to Top Outlet. In. gi c c al fS 2 ZX- E ti Slu zo J<ti Water It -- Ju ? <3 jj a* 0. . J'q. ts 190 300 500 19 1.97 47% 45'/, 42% i-V/f $170. $139. 191 350 575 19 1.97 511,4 49/, AftI/, 2.2% 190. 160. 192 375 625 19 1.97 55% 53V, sn% 2.2% 210. 175. 221 450 750 22 2.64 53 1 50V* 48*4 2.J/1 233. 192. 7U 500 825 22 2.64 57 54% 52*4 2.2% 2481 212. 22i 550 900 22 2.64 6t m 56*4 2.2% 264. 230. ?S1 625 1025 25 3.41 54% 52 49% 2.3 290. 242. 752 675 1100 25 3.41 58% 56 5% 2.3 310. 258. 753 725 1200 25 3.41 62*4 60 57V, 2.3 340. 290. 781 675 1350 28 4.28 55%' 53*4 51 2.3% 354. 300. 762 950 1S50 28 4.26 59% 57*4 55 2.3% 386/ 328. 283 1025 1675 28 4.28 f/s 61*4 59 2.3V5 426. 370. Richardson Round Boiler RICHARDSON SECTIONAL BOILER 1 List Prices and Data M 255 1000 1600 4.57 55 256 1250 2000 5.70 55 257 1500 2400 6.83 55 258 1/00 2800 7.97 55 355 1950 3175 7.85 63 356 2400 3850 9.81 63 357 2850 4575 11.75 63 358 3300 5300 13.70 63 359 3750 607,5 15.65 63 42J 3500 5600 13.82 66 428 4050 6500 16.11 66 429 4600 7400 18.40 66 4210 : 5150 8300 20.69 66 4211 5700 9200 22.98 66 536 6300 10000 18.94 62 537 7300 11600 22.66 82 538 8300 13200 26.40 82 539 9300 14800 30,12 82 5310 10300 16400 33.88 82 */. 27%*35% 2-3% $415. $377. m. <4881v/., 27V&42% 27%*50 2TM57V* 22--3v%/i 2-31/4 495. 564. 629. 457. 526. 591. 56 39 *33% 2-4 679. 630. 56 39 *41% 2-4 805 757. 56 39 *50 3-4 932. 883. 56 39 *58V, 3-4 1,035. 978. 56 39 *66'/? 3-4 1,139. 1,081. 60 45 *50 2-5 1,083. 1,026. 60 45 *58*/, 2-5 1,190. 1,133. 60 45 <661/, 2-5 1,323. 1,248. 60 45 *74% 3-5 1,432. 1,357. 60 45 *83 3-5 1,547. 1,466. 70% 55 *55 2-6 1,786. 1,719. 70>A 55 *65% 2-6 2,010. 1,938. 70Vf 55 *76*/; 3-6 2 243 2,151. 70VS 55 *87% 3-6 2.464. 2,369. 55 *98 3-6 2,707. 2,588. 296 Richardson Sectional Boiler Boilers The Titusville Iron Works Company Titusville, Pennsylvania Manufacturers of Fire Tube Steel Boilers for Power and Heating; Fronts, Grates, Castings, Smoke Stacks, Tanks and OH Well Boilers; Steam, Gas, Oil and Gasoline Engines; Pumping Powers and Oil Well Machinery New York OFFICE.......................152 West 42nd St. CumAro Office 53 W. Jackson Blvd. oBuffai .Office . ... .821-23 Marine Trust Bldg. Detroit Office..................... S10 Peter Smith Bldg. Pittsburgh Office................. Farmers Bank Bldg. Washington Office............... 732 Woodward Bldg. The Organization and Facilities - We manufacture a com plete line of fire tube steam boilers to meet all general heating and power require ments. We also make a specialty of boilers built to architects' and engineers' specifications. _ Our shop is one of the largest and best equipped boiler manufacturing plants in the country. 11 is provided with the latest improved machinery including hydrau lic and pneumatic riveting machines, as well as hydraulic flanging equipment. Engi neering skill, careful work manship and the best of materialsarecombined to make Titusville Open Bottom Locomotive Portable Boiler -with Water Front Titusville Boilers better made boilers for every, purpose. All boilers are made in strict ac cordance with the latest boiler code of the American Society of Mechanical Engineersandcan be made, if desired, to conform to local requirements. A large supply of material for all types of boilers is constantly carried and an adequate stock of completed Ticos and Acme Firebox Boilers is always ready for immediate ship Titusville Perfection Boiler--Buiii in Sizes iS H. P.totOOH. P.from t5lbs.tot5Qlbs. Working Pressure ment. Thorough inspections and testsare Titusville constantly made during the construc Vertical tion and all workmanship and ma- ____ . Tubular terial.is guaranteed first class in Domestic Hot Boiler every respect. In addition to the line of Titus ville .Boilers illustrated herewith w~fr ^ Direct Circulation we manufac ture pneu matic and storage tanks of every de scription. Descrip tive bulletins will be sent Titusville Standard Tubular Boiler and Setting on request. Acme Smokeless boiler--Brick Set Type for Steam and Hot Water Healing 297 Boilers Utica Heater Company UTICA, New York 218-220 West Kinzie St. Chicago. 111. 707 Union Building Cleveland. 0. 1843 Grand Central Term'l New York. N. Y. Representatives In Principal Jobbing Centers Utica-Imperial SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers Burn Soft Coal Smokelessly--Use Any Available Fuel Patented January 10. 19t2. Utica-Imperial SUPER-SMOKELESS Boiler Cut-away View, Showing Primary and Secondary Combustion Chambers and Air Inlets SUPER-SMOKELESS BOILERS-- Are designed to operate smokelessly when burning soft coal. They utilize any avail able fuel, burning either hard coal, soft coal, lignite, coke, fuel oil or gas with ex ceptional efficiency and decided economy. ELIMINATION OF SMOKE-- Is attained by consuming the smoke and soot within the boiler. This complete combustion is due to the admission of highly heated air through water-jacketed inlets, in the baffle wall at the rear of the fire box. The admixture of oxygen at this point instantly converts the heavy gases into incandescent flames of unusual heat ing capacity. The smoke and soot are actually used as fuel and clean chimney and flues are maintained at all times. SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers comply with the most rigid smoke ordinances and are recommended by foremost heating engineers and leading architects for impor tant buildings. CONSTRUCTION-- SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers haVe a single grate and are of sectional cast iron construction. Cast iron is highly resistant to corrosion and preferable to steel where low pressure permits using it. The sectional construction permits easy handling in shipment as well as installation in com pleted buildings. The baffle wall is a specially designed water section of the boiler. It has a series of water-jacketed air inlets above the firebed and is protected on the side facing the fire by high-test plastic firebrick. OPERATION-- SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers are ex tremely simple to operate. No special skill or high priced help is required. Long firing periods are the rule and little care or attention is required for successful, smoke less operation. 298 Utica Healer Company Boilers Utica - Imperial SUPER - SMOKELESS Boilers Made in Thirty-one Sizes for Steam and Hot Water; Capacity 1,200 to 17,000 Sq, Ft. Steam; 1,975 to 28,325 Sq. Ft. Hot Water CAPACITIES AND DIMENSIONS OF UTICA-IMPERIAL SUPER-SMOKELESS BOILERS Steam Rating Boiler (Square Number Feet) Water Boiler Number Rating (Square Feet) Grate Size of Pit Area Under Ash Pit (Sq. FL) (Inches) Size of Foundation (Inches) Length of MinimumChimneySizes* Boiler Overall (Inches) Rue (Inches) Height Square Round (Feet) S-245 S-246 S-247 S-248 S-249 S-335 S-336 S-337 S-338 S-339 S-3310 S-405 S-406 S-407 S-408 S-409 S-40I0 S-4011 S-4012 S-4013 S-4014 S-4015 S-4016 S--4017 S-4018 S-4019 S-4020 S-4021 - S-4022 S-4023 S-4024 1,200 1,500 1,600 2,100 2,400 2,000 2,500 3.000 3,500 4,000 4,700 2,750 3,500 4,250 5.000 5,750 6,500 7,250 8,000 8,750 9,500 10,250 f1.000 11,750 12,500 13,250 14,000 14,750 15,500 16,250 17,000 W-245 W-246 ' W-247 W-248 W-249 W-335 W-336 W-337 W-338 W-339 W-3310 W-405 W-406 W-407 W-408 W-409 W-4010 W-4011 W-4012 W-4013 W-4014 W-4015 W-4016 W-4017 W-4018 W-4019 W-4020 W-4021 W-4022 W-4023 W-4024 1.975 2,475 2,975 3,475 3,975 3,325 4,175 5,000 5,825 6,675 7,850 4,575 5,825 7,075 8,325 9,575 10,825 12,075 13,325 14,575 15,825 17,075 18,325 19,575 20,825 22,075 23,325 24,575 25,825 27,075 28,325 4.68 6.10 6.10 7.32 7.32 6.95 8.68 10.42 12.15 13.89 15.63 . 9.25 11.57 13.88 16.19 18.51 20.62 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 23.13 35 x24 43 x24 43 *24 51 x24 51 *24 35 *33Vf 43 x33/5 51 x33<4 60 *33>A 68 x33*/; II x33'A 35 x44`/2 43 *44*4. 51 *'/, 60 x44'/2 68 x44/2 77 x44'/2 84*/,*44*/2 89 x44`/2 89 x44'/2 89 x44/2 89 *44'A 89 44Vi 89 x44'/2 89 *44Vi 89 x444 89 x44'/2 . 89 *44'A 89 x44Vi 89 x44i/2 89 39'/**29'/2 W/vZ)Vi 55'/pc29'/, 65 x29'A 73'/4*294 39'Ax39 47V2 39 55/4x39 65 x39 73,/4x39 81'A*39 39*4x52 47/2*52 55*4x52 65 x52 73*4x52 81*4x52 90*4x52 99 x52 107*4x52 115*4x52 123*4x52 132 x52 140*4x52 148`/52 156*4*52 165 x52 173*4*52 181*4x52 189*4x52 198 x52 59*4 bTfy 73*4 82 - 60y4 69 77*4 83'/, . 91*4 100 65*4 73*4 81 *4 90 106*4 112*4 121 129*4 137*4 145*4 154 162*4 170*4 178*4 187 195*4 203*4 211*4 220 12x12 12x12 14x14 14x14 14x14 16x16 16x16 16x16 I8xt8 18x16 20x20 18x18 18x18 18x18 20x20 20x20 20x20 22x22 22x22 22x22 22x22 22x22 22x22 24x24 24x24 24x24 24x24 24x24 26x26 26x26 26x26 12 12 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 20 18 18 18 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 .22 22 24 24 ' 24 24 24 26 26 26 40 40 45 . 50 55 40 40 40 50 50 55 50 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 70 75 75 80 60 80 85 90 100 100 too 100 Series.................................... 24 Height to 1 op of Steam 1 rtmmings 60* Height to I op of'Outlets.............. 54' Height of Water Line................... 45*/?' Width Including Trimmings 46' Width Kxrluding 1 rimming*........ 34%' Width of Ashpit........................... 33 72*4' 64</2' 53' 53' 48' 39* 40 77*// 69* 57' 66' 58' 52* Series........................................ 24 33 . 40 Height of Ashpit.............................. 10- io- 11' Length of Smoke Box...................... 20* 21*/2' 28* Height to Center of Smoke Collar... 40* 47- 51* Height to Bottom of Smoke Box.... 33*4- 39*4' 41* AHeight to Tod of Smoke Box........... Size of Feed Door......... 9*/4'xl5' 54*4' 61* 124' x 24* *These sizes apply only to single boilers. If two or more boilers are to be used, send for schedule of chimney sizes. A Typical I nstallation Showing a Battery of Four SUPER SMOKELESS BOILERS With a Total Boiler Capacity of 38,000 Sq. Ft. 299 Boilert Weil-M'Lain 1 " Hill BOILERS WFTI.-McLAIN COMPANY --Michigan City, Ind. -- Chicago, 111. The Weil-McLoin ROUND TYPE BOILER with its COR RUGATED FUEL-SAVING HEATING SURFACES and rtt long "back and forth" fire travel embraces the newest and best conceptions of heating engineers. . Other points of merit in the Weil-McLatn Round Type Boiler are: fire-pot and crown sheet cast separately to permit easier handling; large fire door; handy front clean-out doors in every section and triangular type grates which cut and hake out all ordinary clinkers. * 1 j| STEAM Size Boiler Rating Sq. Ft. WATER Size Boiler Rating Sq. Ft. Actual Diam. Grate and Fire Pot Inches (Both Steam and Hot Water) 5-S-17 5-S-19 5-S-22 5-S-2S 5-S-28 5-S-31 6-S-17 6-S-19 6-S-22 6-S-25 6-S-28 6-S-31 395 480 660 865 1065 13S0 410 500 69S 915 1130 1425 S-W-17 5-W-19 5-W-22 5-W-25 5-W-28 5-W-31 6-W-17 6-W-19 6-W-22 6-W-25 6-W-28 , 6-W-31 6S0 795 1090 1430 1700 2225 675 825 1145 1510 1865 23S0 i 17 19 22 25 28 31 17 19 22 25 28 31 NOTE: Table is not complete; these boilers are also made four section. The Weil-MeLafn SECTIONAL or SQUARE TYPE BOILER like the Round Type has corrugated heating surfaces directly above the fire, has a long "back and forth" fire travel--features that add greatly to the efficiency and economy of this boiler. Number 22-W-S 22-W-6 25-W-S 25-W-8 28-W-5 23-W-6 36-W-5 35-W-9 WATER Rating Sfl.K. 1500 182S 2225 3275 4425 3850 4725 6475 7350 Total Lcegth Area tabes So. ft. 51 4.88 58 5.96 65 7.03 51 5.70 53 6.90 65 8.10 72 9.30 63 7.97 72 9. 72 81 11.47 90 13.22 66 10.25 75 12.50 84 14.75 93 17.00 102 19.25 Number 22-S-5 22-S-6 22-S-7 25-S-5 25-S-6 25-S-7 25-S-8 2R-S-5 28-S-6 28-S-7 28-S-8 36-S-5 36-S-6 36-S-7 36-S-8 36-S-9 STEAM Steam Ratio# So. ft 900 1100 1300 1100 1350 1600 1850 16S0 2000 2350 2700 2350 2875 3400 3925 4450 Total Leagtb locbes SI 58 65 51 58 65 72 63 72 81 90 66 75 84 93 102 Water line Indies 46 46 46 51 51 51 51 55 55 55 55 58 58 58 58 53 (irate Area So. Ft (Steam asdWatef) 4.88 5.96 5.70 8.10 9.30 7.97 13.22 14.75 17.00 19.25 NOTE: Table is not complete; this type boiler is also made ir a 48* size. 300 Boilers United States /Radiator (orporation - GENERAL OFFICES: DETROIT, MICHIGAN Branch Offices in Principal Cities Manufacturers of Capitol Boilers and United States Radiators The Capitol Smokeless Boiler has been developed to meet a growing demand on the part of the public for boilers which will burn the bituminous coals of the United States without smoke. This demand has been brought about by the educational work of civic societies, which have taught the public to realize the destructive effect and the menace to health of soft coal smoke in our large cities, and, as a consequence, the public has come to understand the large monetary loss due to the escape of unbumed gases in the form of dense black smoke. These facts are now so well understood that confirmative argument is unnecessary. The United States Radiator Corporation has developed a line of cast-iron boilers built upon the highly effective "wing-wad" principal which is well-known in power boilers where smokeless combustion is desired. Capitol Smokeless Boilers contain a large fire box or furnace where bituminous coal is burned at a rapid rate of combustion. The air is admitted through the grates and fuel bed, with an auxiliary supply admitted at the front of the furnace, which mixes with the volatile gases distilled from the fuel bed. These volatile gases pass from the furnace into a mixing chamber through two horizontal openings in the back or bridge wall of the furnace. This mixing chamber back of the furnace is formed by the bridge wall at the front and ignition walls or "wing-walls" of fire brick at the rear. The fire brick used in the ignition walls have a fusing temperature of 2700 deg. fahr. The temperature of the burning gases com ing in contact with these ignition walls does not reach this fusing point by several hundred degrees so that the fire brick used in thp ignition walls are practically indestructible. Because of the continuous volume of burning gases No. 511.Steam Boiler pouring from the furnace through the bridge wall and against these ignition walls they are constantly maintained at a temperature of approximately 1600 deg. or about 400 deg. above the ignition point of the gases. , All the gases from the furnace must pass through this mixing chamber and while they enter the mixing chamber through two horizontal openings, their escape from the mixing chamber to the combustion chamber at the rear of the boiler is through a long vertical opening between the ignition walls, the area of which is slightly less than the area of the two hprizontal openings into the mixing chamber. The effect of this 301 United Stales Radiator Corporation Boilers arrangement is a congestion and intermixture of burning gases and auxiliary air within the mixing chamber in contact constantly with the ignition walls, which are maintained at a temperature above the ignition point of the gases. . The combustion of these gases is completed in the combustion chamber at the rear of the boiler where the temperature is but slightly lower than that of the mixing chamber and well above the burn ing point of these gases. From the combustion chamber the gases are rapidly cooled in the large flues, passing to the front of the boiler on each side (as shown in the illustration showing the In terior View) from which point they are returned to the smokehood through the return flues. The use of this mixing chamber with its ignition walls and the combus tion chamber completely burns the volatile matter in the fuel be fore the gases are cooled below ' their burning point. Interior View Showing Fire Travel No. 411 Water Boiler Capitol Smokeless Boilers are provided with an auxiliary air supply at the front of the furnace. This air supply does not come through the fire door as in many types of construction. Air is admitted through passages at the front of the furnace leading from the ashpit to a point just above the level of the fuel bed; these air passages having an area suf ficient to provide the necessary air which sweeps across the entire width of the furnace. This air passes from the boiler room to the furnace through the ashpit and the air pas sages and is therefore heated to a high temperature before passing into the furnace where it meets the volatile gases as they are distilled from the fuel bed. The operation of these boilers is exceedingly simple. No "skilled operator is neces sary to obtain smokeless results. Any person who can throw coal into a boiler can operate them smokelessly, because no further attention is required. Capitol Smokeless Boilers will burn any of the bituminous coals of the United States including the lignites of the far West--burn them smokelessly, and within the requirements of any smoke ordinance of any city in the United States. No. 41I Steam Boiler The typical performance curves shown illustrate the efficiency of Capitol Smokeless Boilers. Attention is called to the high volatile coal used in these tests. Capitol Smokeless Boilers burn these coals without smoke and with great economy. 302 United States Radiator Corporation Boilers Performance Curve for No. 411 Capitol Smokeless Boiler PERCENT or RATING DEI/ELOREO? Performance Curve for No. 511 Capitol Smokeless Boiler CAPITOL SMOKELESS BOILERS Ratings and Dimensions Rating, Square Feet Height Water Line Inches Grate Area Square Feet Coal Capacity Cubic Feet Outlets and 'Inlets Minimum Chimney Sia Height. Dimensions, Feet | Inches 3300 5280 409 3850 6160 410 4400 7040 411 4950 7920 412 5500 8600 413 6050 9680 4(4 6600 10560 508 6275 10000 509 7150 11400 510 8025 13000 511 8900 14250 5(2 9775 15650 513 10650 17050 514 11525 (8450 515 12400 19850 516 13275 21250 49 8.15 9.00 49 49 8.15 (0.31 10.40 13.30 49 12.47 14.70 49 49 12.47 14.63 16.30 17.70 49 14.63 19.25 66 11.58 18.87 66 14.62 23.73 66 17.66 25.80 66 17.66 28.59 66 18.49 29.58 66 21.53 34.51 66 21.53 37.80 66 24.57 41.09 66 27.61 44.37 2-5' 2-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 4-5' 3-5' 4-5' 4-5' 4-5' 5-5' 5-5' 5-5' 6-5' 6-5' 50 50 55 55 55 60 60 60 65 70 80 85 85 90 90 90 All 400 Series have two six inch inlets on rear of back section. Dimensions, inclusive of trimmings: 400 Series, height 71 inches. width 75 inches, , ; 500 Series, height 303 92 inches, width 82 inches. 18x18 18x18 20x20 20x20 22x22 24x24 24x24 24x24 24x24 24x28 28x28 28x32 32x32 32x32 32x36 36x36 United States Radiator Corporation Boilers CAPITOL SQUARE SECTIONAL BOILERS Ratings and Dimensions Rating Sq. Ft. Steam Boiler Dimensions Minimum Size Steam Water Grate Area Sq. Ft. Coal Outlets Capacity and Cu. Ft. Inlets Height Water Line Inches Height Inches Including Trimmings Chimney Sizes Width Inches Including Trimmings Diameter Height Inches Feet 184 400 650 1.88 2.33 2-3" 40/, 61 Vi 185 186 550 700 910 1170 2.63 3.38 3.17 2-3" 4.01 2-3" 40W 40'/ 6P/2 61 Vi 187 850 1430 4.13 4.84 2-3" 40'/ 61 Vi 204 600 1000 2.59 4.36 2-3" 46/, ' 66i/2 205 800 1300 3.48 5.85 2-3" 46'A 66'/2 206 1000 1650 4.37 7.34 2-3" 46'/z 66'/2 207 1200 2000 5.26 8.83 3-3" 46'/2 66Vi 363/4 36% 36% 36% 45 45 45 45 255 1100 1825 5.66 8.37 2-4" 49 256 1350 2225 7.08 10.45 2-4" 49 257 1600 2650 8.50 12.53 3-4" 49 258 1850 3050 9.92 14.62 3-4" 49 70'/? 70/2 70/2 70/2 51 51 51 51 G276 G277 G278 G279 1350 1650 1950 2250 2230 2720 3200 3700 . 5.32 6.55, 7.78 9.01 7.93 9.65 11.37 13.09 2-4" 2-4" 3-4" 3-4" 45'/2 45>/2 4516 45'/z 68/2 68/2 68/2 68/2 50% 50% 50% 50% 235 1900 3150 7.28 11.01 2-4" 55 78 58% 236 2350 3900 9.11 13.75 2-4" 55 78 58% 237 2800 4650 10.94 16.49 3-4" 55 78 58% 238 3250 5450 12.77 19.22 3-4" 55 78 58% 239 3700 6150 14.61 21.96 3-4" 55 78 58% 240 4150 6900 16.44 24.70 4-4" 55 78 58% WN276 WN277 WN278 WN279 WN280 WN28I WN282 WN283 WN284 4550 5475 6400 7325 8250 9175 10,100 11,025 11,950 7475 9000 10,525 12,050 13,575 15,100 16,625 18,100 19,600 15.25 18.29 21.33 24.37 27.41 30.45 30.45 30.45 30.45 24.66 29.67 34.68 39.69 44.71 45.96 47.21 48.46 49.72 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 4-5" 4-5" 4-5" 4-5" 55_-55"". 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 92 82 92 82 92 82 92 82 92 ' -82 92 82 92 82 92 82 92 82 CAPITOL SEMI-SMOKELESS BOILERS SS237 2800 4650 10.94 16.49 3-4" 55 78 58% SS238 3250 5450 12.77 19.22 3-4" 55 78 58% SS239 3700 . 6150 14.61 21.96 3-4" 55 78 58% SS240 4150 6900 16.44 24.70 4-4" 55 78 58% SS24I 4600 7600 18.27 27.44 4-4" 55 78 58% SS277. 5475 9000 18.29 29.67 3-5" 66 92 82 SS278 6400 10,525 21.33 34.68 3-5" 66 92 82 SS279 7325 12,050 24.37 39.69 4-5" 66 92 82 ' SS280 8250 13,575 24.37 39.69 4-5" 66 92 82 SS28I 9175 15,100 27.41 42.20 4-5" 66 92 82 SS282 10,100 16,625 27.41 44.71 4-5" 66 92 82 SS283 11,025 18,100 30.45 47.22 5-5" 66 92 82 SS284 11,950 19,600 30.45 49.72 5-5" 66 92 82 For smoke pipe, base dimensions and other measurements, see next page. 304 8x8 8x12 8x12 8x12 35 35 35 40 8x12 8x12 12x12 12x12 35 35 35 40 8x12 8x12 12x12 12x12 40 40 40 . 45 12x12 12x12 12x12 12x12 40 40 45 45 12x16 12x16 16x16 16x16 16x16 16x16 40 45 45 50 50 60 20x24 24x24 24x24 24x24 24x28 28x28 28x28 28x32 32x32 50 55 60 60 65 70 70 75 80 16x16 16x16 16x16 16x16 16x20 24x24 24x24 24x24 24x28 28x28 28x28 28x32 32x32 45 50 55 60 60 55 60 60 65 70 70 75 80 United Stales Radiator Corporation Boilers Measurements, All Series Square Boilers, Including Smokeless 160 200 250 A 25'/2" 28V*" 34%" B 28/2" C 48" 32%" 54" 39*" 58%" D 40>/;" 46*%" 49" E 25/2" 29%" 28*" F G W* N'/i" 9'/*"l4%" 93/*"*l4%" G270 36" 43/2" 55V," 45'/2" 271/2" 8"*13" 230 SS230 4I%" 48*%" 67" 55" 31" 93/*"*I5%" WN270 SS270 57V." 7U/," 773/," 66" ' 33'/." 20'/," !0"il7" 400 47" 67" 60*/*" .49" 35" 7%" !0"*I7" 500 ' 573/," 713/," 773/." 66" 38" 20'/," I0"xl7" "H f 184- 6%" I 1 185-12%" 186-18V*" | 187-25" 207-25" / - 257-32" I 278-33%" \ 258-40" \ 279-40*%" 204- 6%" f 255-16" 205-12%" 1 256-24" 206-18*//' \ 257-16" 207-12%" l 258-24" f 276-20*/*" 1 277-27" 1 276-13*%" ( 279-20%" Figure 8" per section I )[411-12-14-563%" ....... 408-9-13-40%" 410-16*%" 411-14-24%" 412-32" j 12" 11/2" 11%" 16" f22%" Top 22%" Top 14" 1 Outlet 15" Back 19'//' Outlet 15" Back l Outlet Outlet tK 44/2" 50%'' 52A" 50" 59" 72" 54>/." 72" tL 37" 45A" 41V2" 52" 583/,- 45'/i" 583/," IN 53'/," 46" 53'/." O 10" 10" 12" 14" 14" 21" 18" 21"' P 14'/*" 163/*" 16" 19" 20>/," 20V." 184--20%"; add 6%" 204--23%"; add 6%" 255-37*/*"; add 8" for G276--36"; sdd 63/*" 235 -- 36"; add 8" for WN276 -- 49*%" add 408 -- 63%": add 8%" for 508--67*"; add 9%" Q for each ad* for each ad each addi for each ad each addi 9%" for each additional for each ad- d i tion a 1 d i t ion a I tional sec d i t io na 1 tional- sec each addi section. di tio n si section. section. tion. section. tion. tional sec section. tion. 184--203/*"; add 6%" 204--223/*"; add 6%" 255-36*%"; add 8" for C276-353/*"; 235 -- 37"; add 6>/*" add 8" for WN27650*' add 408--62*%"; add 8*%" for 508-68*%"add 9%" R for each ad for each ad - each addi for each ad each addi 9'%" f 0 r each additional for each ad d i tion a 1 d i t 0 n a 1 tional sec d i t i 0 n a 1 tional sec each addi section. section. section. tion. section. tion. tional sec d i ti 0 0 a 1 section. tion. *S 14%" 18" 17" 15-/2" . .18" 19'/," 21" 231//' T n%" 1496" `Center of Fire Door above grate level. **On 414, fourth tapping is 72H" from first tapping. tDimension K is for top outlet smokehood which can be furnished on all square boilers. JBack openings must be connected across back of boiler with a pipe not less than 3 inches in diameter on WN270. SS270 and 500. 305 Burners, Oil Bunting Iron Works 1215 First National Bank Bldg. :: SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. AGENTS Vancouver. B. C.--Barr & Anderson Seattle, Wash.--Sun Heating Co. Portland, Ore.--C. C. Schenck Co. New Orleans. La.--Rogers Higgins Co. St. Louis, Mo.--Economy Steam Specialty Co. Milwaukee, Wis.--Berryman Oil Burner Co. Mansfield, O.--Oil Burner Mfg. and Eqpt. Co. New York, N. Y.--Simplex Oil Heating Corp. Washington, D. C.--Federal Heating Co. Memphis, Tenn.--Tennessee Oil Heating Co. Decatur, III.--Harris Modern Heating Co. Jacksonville, Fla.--Hooker & Lightbody Juneau, Alaska--Geo. F. Forrest San Antonio, Texas--A. H. Shafer Co. El Paso, Texas--Elliott Engineering Co. Dallas, Texas--Natkin Engineering Co. Kansas City, Mo.--General Heating Supply Co. Oklahoma City, Okla.--Frank Loeffler Supply Co. Detroit, Mich.--Oil Automatic Heating Corp. Cincinnati, O.--Warner & Stewart Co. Chicago, III.--Petroleum Appliance Co. Philadelphia, Pa.--Simplex Oil Heating Co. Richmond, Va.--Beverley Heating Co. Minneapolis, Minn.--Interstate Oil Co. SIMPLEX HORIZONTAL ROTARY FUEL OIL BURNER Single Unit Comprises Nozzle. Fan, Motor, Pump, Hinges on front of Boiler Capacity Size A B c Steam Motor Rad. No. 1 No. l'/2 No. 3 No. 5 18 18 20 21 *Vi 14 1400 'A 4>A 14 3000 4Vi 18 7500 Vi *Vi 18 10000 % Simplex Fuel Oil Burners are of the rotary or mechanical atomizing type. In the Improved Turbine type the rotary atomizing cup is driven 8,000 R. P. M! by an air turbine and also embodies a Patented oil and air damper regulation feature, neces sary and important to maintain efficient combustion. . The Horizontal Rotary type has the atomizing cup directly connected to the motor shaft at 3,450 R. P. M. and is mounted by a hinge to the front of the boiler. Almost any boiler can be converted over to oil burning. The grates are removed and a fire brick combustion chamber built as illustrated. Where fuel oil is available it is cheaper than coal and saves room--ashes--dust--soot--smoke--and gives a steady continuous fire without work or dirt. . The saving of fuel oil over coal can be estimated by taking 50 per cent of the heat value of coal, 12,000 B.t.u. per lb. and 75 per cent of the heat value of fuel oil, 19,000 B.t.u. per lb. as the available B.t.u. and find that 112 gal. or 2.6 barrels equal a ton of coal. Substitute these values as required by conditions. Request further information from our nearest agent. 306 Bunting Iron Works Burners, Oil SIMPLEX IMPROVED TURBINE FUEL OIL BURNERS Illustrating Burner, Character of Ftre and Motor, Fan, and Oil Pump Unit Type "B" Burner for Brick-Set Boilers Size A B C D-Pipe E-Pipe 21I1-I222 23'A 23`A 2<% 111200'%%/, 9>A 9'/ HA A Vz y* 23-24 Wl I2'A 11'A V, 28 38 14 Il'A I'/, 2 2/1 2<A 3 4 . Size . No. of Burner in Battery No. 11. No. 12 No. 21 No. 22 No. 23 No. 24 No. 26 21 2l 3 48 Min.--Max. One Burner Steam Rad. . 500-6000 500-3000 1000-7000 1000-7000 1000-7000 1000-7000 1000-7000 Max. Comb. Capacity Steam Rad. 6000 2114000000 : 28000 56000 307 Type "A" Burner Nozzle for 4%a Brick Wall Min.--Max. Capacity ' One Burner Boiler, R P. 5-50 10-60 10-60 10-60 10-60 10-60 Max. Comb. Capacity Boiler, H. P. i20 180 340 480 Size Motor RP. . 'A y* t1 22 5 Burners, Oil Winslow Boiler & Engineering Co. Builders of Oil Burners CHICAGO 208 S. La Salle St. NEW YORK Show Room: 46 E. 41st St. GALESBURG Illinois AWINSLOW INDUSTRIAL BURNER installation consists of a motor-blower unit and a burner nozzle assembly. The motor blower unit may be located at any convenient point near the boilers and connected to the burner assembly, in front of the boilers, by oil and air piping of correctly proportioned sizes. The motor blower unit has a high grade gear pump that pulls the oil from the stor age tank and delivers it at from 7 lbs. to 10 lbs. pressure to the burners. At the same time the blower is supplying the re quired air at low pressure, measured in ounces, to effect a thorough atomization of the oil. This unit is complete with a strainer, pressure gauge, check valve and oil relief valve. Single motor blower units handle a variety of burner assemblies and where dual units are twinned the capacities are not only doubled but the plant is insured against any shut down. There are several sizes of motor blower units and also of burners. In specifying burners determine whether the boilers are to carry an overload. Ordi narily, steel boilers can be provided with burners rated at the boiler rating unless overloads are contemplated. On the other hand, cast iron boilers can usually be pro vided with burners rated at about 70 per cent of the boiler rating. This is due to the different methods of rating steel and cast iron boilers. Sliding Type The sliding type burner is particularly adapted to i bake ovens, lead melting pots and other special industrial installations. Equipped with a flex ible oil line permitting burner to be completely removed from slide base. Tilting Type The tilting type burner is usu ally employed in boiler room work. The angle oil valve near grip handle automatically shuts off when burner is pulled back out of the boiler. 308 Winslow Boiler & Engineering Co. Burners, Oil Wherever possible specify two smaller burner nozzles even though one larger one will do the work, so as to assure an easier control of fuel consumption. Frequently both burner nozzles will be used to build up steam pressure and then one can be cut entirely off. Where loads are apt to be variable the double burner nozzle is ideal. mixing with the air from the barrel and entering the boiler perfectly atomized. The cut to the left shows the balanced rotating cup and revolving turbine wheel. Two sets of ball bearings between these units insure low frictional resistance and high speeds. The cut to the right above shows the efficient method of attaining atomization. The oil travels down the central tube and impinges onto the concave-convex rotating disc. It whirls centrifugally to the edge of the disc and strikes the heel of the revolv ing cup in a thin film. It then travels along the inner wall of the cup to the rim where it is whirled off at tremendous speed, The following partial list of WINSLOW BURNER assemblages will be of assist ance in determining correct sizes for a large scope of work. The ratings in column five are based on 100 square feet of steam radi ation per horse power and represent the total load the burners can handle. Designation Motor Blower Unit No. of Burners Size of Burners Max. Approximate Steam . Motor Unit Radiation Floor Space Approximate Shipping Weight H. P. Pump Air Alexander... Anthony.... Barney......... Benjamin___ Bernard........ Blaine........... S Charles......... Delbert........ EaH.............. Edward........ Eugene......... B-60 B-60 B-60 B-60 B-90 B-90 B-90 B-90 B-90 B-120 B-120 B-180 B-180 B-180 B-180 B-300 B-300 B-300 B-300 B-500 3 T 10 2,400' I T 30 4,000' 2 T 30 6.000' T 40 5,000' 2 T 30 7,000' 3 T 30 9,000' 1 T 40 5,000' 2 T 40 9,000' I T 70 7,000' 3 / 2T 40 1 IT 30 } 11,000' 2 / IT 70 \ IT 40 1 11,000' 2 T 70 15,000' 3 T 40 14,000' 4 T 40 17,000' 5 T 30 18,000' 25,000' 4 T 70 30,000' 6 T 40 30,000' 8 T 30 ' 30,000" 2 T 250 50,000" 24**24* 24**24* 24**24* 24*x24* 24*x24* 24**24* 24**24* Z4*x24* 28*x2$* 28**28* 28**28* 28**28' 28**28' 290 lbs. 265 lbs. 280 lot. 285 lbs. 300 lbs. 315 lbs. 290 lbs. 305 lbs. 300 lbs. 320 lbs. 330 lbs. 355 lb*. 370 lbs. 365 lbs. 400 lbs. 425 lbs. 460 lbs. 550 lbs. Va w V Va Va </) 2' Va w \ Vi* V 1V 1V 1 w 2* w 2 Vi' w ww Va" w 3 w >/.' !% 2<A- Va' 5 Va' 3* Va' 5 w 3* j/.' In addition to the WINSLOW INDUSTRIAL burner described here the Winslow Boiler & Engineering Company manufactures a complete line of fully automatic, residential and apartment house burners. ' The gas and the electric ignition KLEEN- HEET burners, with the vacuum oil feed elimina ting the usual basement auxiliary tank, are built in a total of nine sizes and are thus suitable for a great range of work. '. The Junior KLEEN-HEET burners, without the vacuum feed but completely automatic in operation, are in two sizes. The No. 10 is rated at one thousand feet hot water and'is suitable for the average home. The No. 6 is especially adapted to Arcolas and small domestic water heaters. Inquiries to the INDUSTRIAL DIVISION of the WINSLOW BOILER AND ENGINEERING . COMPANY, 208 South La Salle Street, Chicago, Illinois, will be promptly answered. 309 IzSI22i8i22f5K Draft Gages , Lewis M. Ellison 214 West Kinzie Street CHICAGO, ILL. ELJLJSQN I Ellison Draft Gages [ DRAFT GAGES I--the recognized Entering / standard for draft ' Mfedgejo / measurements--com- \Boilerlam/ prise a complete line of fidenty/ draft gages of the highest accuracy, quality, and finish, for every draft condi tion, completely equipped. The move ment of oil in a glass tube is a fixed standard of measurement that stays calibrated. The scales have sliding movement for quick zero adjustment, requiring no re filling for several years. Readings are visible across the boiler room. Bulletin of complete line on request Single-Tube Inclined: This gage is for small boilers and furnaces, and for power boilers with operating draft not over % inch. It is equipped with seal for S50 feet chimney height. Single-Tube Inclined: This gage, for power boilers, is made in 1, 1%, 4. 5 inches scale range, suction or pressure. Single-Tube Inclined: This gage was designed for domestic boilers and furnaces, O.S inch scale range with seal for SS5 feet chimney height. . Compound Inclined: This gage reads furnace draft lo left, flue draft or differential to right of tero. Open Type Inclined: For laboratories and tech nical institutions, 1,1%. S, 8 inches range. Suspen sion plate relieves the gage from mounting strains, level adjusted with left suspension. Furnished with and without portable attachments. Combination Inclined: By turning the handle of the cock, this gage reads furnace, flue or differential 1,1% inches range. Portable Inclined: This gage was designed for traveling engineers, light and compact, %.$i, 1,1%, S inches scale range. Furnished with attachments and carrying case for one or two gages. 310 Lewis M. Ellison Draft Gages Two-Tube Inclined: By means of the differential system. this gage reads l to l % inches furnace draft and differential simultaneously; flue and furnace drafts when cock is closed. Without differential system, 1 to 5 inches range. Multi-Tube Vertical: This gage is for the duct and zone pressures of forced draft traveling grate stokers. It is made in 1, 2, S, 4, 5,6, 7, 8 tubes, in 4 &nd 7 in ches scale range, white metal. Furnished with panel or for gage boards, complete with connections and fittings. By means of an Equalizer, all chambers are filled in one fill ing. With the sliding scale, the gage requires no refilling for several years. Paper scales are furnished for plotting the load curves, inserted over the metal scale-- the "Perfect Firing Guide." .Three-Tube Inclined: This gage is furnished with or without differential systems, with scales 1- to 1% inches range like readings or combination read ings from 1 to 6 inches scale range. Single-Tube Vertical: This gage is made in three sizes, 4,1, inches scale range for suction, pressure or differential, for gage board and with and without panel. Four-Tube Inclined: This gage reads suction or pressure, 1 to 1% inches like readings or combination readings 1 to 7% inches. The scale is white enameled, readings visible across the boiler room. With the slid ing scale feature, the gage requires no re filling for several years, . The efficient pressure range is carried be tween pointers, set by removing the cover. 311 Drying Equipment Drying Systems, Inc., specializes in drying and heating equipment. Our equipments have been applied with conspicuous success to the drying of Varnish and Undercoatings, Low and High Temperature Enamels, Dimensioned and Core Stock, Veneered Panels, Coated Cloth and Leather, and many other products, as well as for space heating purposes. We-also design and install air conditioning apparatus for Finishing Rooms. With Dry-Sys process and equipment the artificial hastening of drying is so effected that the coating is thoroughly and uniformly dried throughout its entire depth, because it pro vides adequate circulation of properly humidi fied and heated air. Heated air, alone causes surface-drying and detrimental changes. Since the Dry-Sys method provides the vital element in drying--HUMIDITY--drying be comes a perfected and rapid process, insuring a coating of finest quality, both in appearance and in durability. . And of even greater importance the DrySys method of conditioned air drying insures a positive and unvarying time schedule regard less of outdoor weather. This permits the establishment of an efficient drying routine, on an exact schedule, greatly increasing pro duction and minimizing costs. Our broad experience in drying and condi tioning, and in space heating as well, is at the disposal of our clients and we invite corre spondence with reference to such problems. 312 The Drying Unil ' THE DRYING UNIT consists of a substantially constructed sheet metal casing in which are compactly assembled a multi-blade fan, radi ator (for either high or low pressure steam), an air washer-humidifier, automatic temperature and humid ity control, steam supply and return, water supply and drain, and the necessary valves, all ready for quick connection. The Unit is manu factured in three sizes and can be installed in connection with dry rooms--from 2000 to 12000 cu. ft. contents--without radical changes in construction. Used in many plants for drying varnish, undeTcoatings. dimensioned and glued-up stock, and many other materials. Bulletin H-13 gives full particulars. Drying Systems, Inc. HIGH TEMPERATURE EQUIPMENT Dry-Sys High Temperature equipment is exceptionally econom ical. as well as entirely safe, for High Temperature Baking of Enamels, Drying and then Proces sing of material. The range of delivering temperature is from 250 to700 F. Low temperature appli cations of this equipment for space heating purposes have proved to be successful as well as very econom ical. ' This equipment is built in sec tions. and additional sections may be added as required, with very little alteration to original setting. The unit-construction of the Law rence Heater has another advantage in that it makes relocation simple-- heater can be taken down and set up very quickly and at small expense. The system embodies the scien tific principle of counter-current flow or air. The air is forced downward through successive radiating zones, leaving the heater at the point of maximum temperature. These: heaters are designed to use oil as fuel. While they operate satis factory with gas, we recommend it only in those instances where the cost does not exceed that of oil. Every condition is a new en gineering problem. We shall be glad to give you the benefit of the long and specialized experience of our engineering corps--without obligation. Send for Bulletin H-14 and H-15. Drying Equipment The Laxarence Heater THE PHOENIX AIR FILTER The Phoenix Air Filter is self-cleaning, because the filter screen constantly rotates at a slow rate of travel, passing through an oil reservoir. It is a twenty-four hour-a-day performer, operating at all times with the same low resistance and efficiency. It re quires no supervision or maintenance because there are no parts to get out of order or clogged cells to clean. The Phoenix Air Filter is built in units ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 C. F. M. It is particularly adapted for turbo-generators, air. compressors and ventilation work in public buildings, factories, department stores, etc. Ask for Bulletin No. H-26. (2853) "The Scrern Thai's Always Clean" DESCRIPTIVE BULLETINS WILL BE SENT UPON REQUEST 313 Expansion Joints Established 1841 E. B. Badger & Sons Co. Manufacturers of Expansion Joints for High and Low Pressure 63-75 Pitts Street - - ' BOSTON, MASS. Sales Office: 101 Park Avenue, New york, N. Y. Badger Self-Equalizing Expansion Joints The Badger Self-Equalizing Expansion Joints are one piece, made from special seamless copper tubes, fitted with cast iron or steel rings to control the expansion and distribute it equally over each corrugation. Made in Standard and Extra Heavy patterns. Unless otherwise specified, expansion joints with standard flanges will be furnished for pressures up to and including 125 lb. and extra heavy flanges for all pressures from 125 to 200 lb. This type of Badger Self-Equalizing Expansion Joint is furnished in 4 in. and 5 in. sizes, with four and eight corrugations to care for 1 in. and 2 in. of expansion. For smaller sizes we furnish a 4.in. joint with companion flanges, bolts and gaskets and tapped for any size required. This type of Badger Self-Equalizing Expansion Joint is furnished in sizes 6 to 20 in., inclusive, with two and four cor rugations, 234 in. deep, to care for 1 and 2 in. of expansion. FOUR-CORRUGATION EIGHT-CORRUGATION Size F intshed Dimensions Weight Inches Pounds Price Each Face to Face Dimensions Inches F tmshed Weight Pounds - Price Each with Extra Heavy American Standard Flanges. Each 4 12)6 5 I2& 65 $ 76 78 82 19% 19% 94 $102 $107.10 108 no 115.93 ; For any si2e up to 3H in., add to the price of the 4 in. joint $4.00 net for American Standard 125 lb. pressure companion flanges, bolts and gaskets, and $5.00 net for extra heavy American Standard flanges, bolts and gaskets tapped for whatever size required. Size Inches . TWO-CORRUGATION Face to Face Dimensions Inches Finished Weight Pounds Price Each FOUR-CORRUGATION Face to Face Dimensions ' Inches Finished Weight Pounds Price Each Price with Extra Heavy American ' Standard Flanges Each 6 12'/2 8 10 1122*$/, 12 13 14 16 1!33'/$2 16 14 20 15 146 187 258 338 404 ' 476 546 669 $ 125 156 162 222 252 285 320 388 19 19 19 19>/2 20 20 21 2IVz 314 236 $ 187 $ 195.25 293 211 225.73 395 254 272.96 493 300 324.03 576 337 364.28 672 382 419.95 760 428 487.83 911 511 573.80 Fans and Ventilating Equipment American Blower Company Detroit, Michigan Manufacturers of Heating, Ventilating, Cooling, Purifying, Humidifying, Drying, Mechanical Draft, Conveying and Blast Equipment; Vertical SelfOiling Steam Engines, Steam Traps; Fans and Blowers for All Purposes. "Sirocco" System of Purifying, Cooling and Humidifying For Purifying and Humidifying air in Schools, other Public and Semi-Public Buildings. For Humidifying and Cooling Air in Textile Mills, Food and Confectionery Plants, Printing Houses, and other industrial Plants. For Dehumidifying and Cooling in Candy Factories,Bakeries, Photo Film Drying Rooms, Blast Furnaces, Electric Generators, etc. ' "Sirocco" Multiblade Fans and Blowers For Heating, Ventilating and,Cooling in Public, Office, Industrial and Educational Buildings. For Drying and Mechanical Draft. Several exclusive features make the "Sirocco" Fan the most . efficient air-moving machine obtainable, for any of the many classes of service for which it is adapted. Its high efficiency is due to a design which, with large inlet, wheel without ob structions, specially curved blades and easy flowing lines, offers a minimum resistance to the passage of the air .through the fan. These refinements in design are accompanied by a mechanical construction which is not only unusually rugged, but pleasing in appearance. "ABC" Air Washing and Cooling Fan The "ABC" Air Washing and Cooling Fan does the work of the centrifugal fan, the air washer and the pump required forcirculating water in a separate washer, and does this with less power and with material reductions in installation, main tenance and operating costs. It is an automatic, highly y effective and durable unit that adequately provides for puri- . fication, humidification and cooling. The "ABC" Air Washing and Cooling Fan is used in Schools, Theatres, Clubs, Churches, Auditoriums, Stores and Industrial Buildings, where it insures good air conditions, conducive to comfort and increased working capacity. It requires a minimum of attention and occupies small floor space. "Ventura" Disc Ventilating Fan For delivering large volumes of air at low pressure or against slight resistance. Cost of fan and installation are low and power consumption insignificant. f For ventilating rooms and buildings--Ventura motor driven ventilating fans, 600'C. F. M. to 17,500 C. F. M. The No. Reversible Ventura, either with or without the portable, adjustable frame shown in the illustration, is ideal for use in homes--for ventilating the kitchen, living room, bedroom or laundry--and for small offices. . Special Bulletins descriptive of the Equipment illustrated and listed will be sent upon request. 315 1 Fans and Ventilating Equipment Bayley Manufacturing Co. 730 Greenbush Street MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN Heating, Ventilating, Air-Washing, Exhaust and Drying Equipment Separate bulletins are issued on Air Washers, B.t.u. Heaters, Dryers, Chinook Heaters, Plexiform Fans, Exhaust Fans, Disc Fans, Air Washers. These will be furnished on request. The Company also furnishes engineering information in con nection with the application of any of the products manufactured. Plexiform Fans A well-balanced fan for ventilating pub lic, office and industrial build ings, mines, tun-' nets, etc., and for heating, dryi n g and air washing sys tems. Space and power economy are some of the advantages it offers. The Bayley Chinook Heater is a tubewithin-a-tube radiator without return bends, elbows or nipples. Circulation is established from the steam chamber through the inner tube, and back through the outer tube to the return chamber. Used in connection with the Plexiform fan, also for direct and indirect radiation, and for cooling water. . Bayley Turbo-Air Washer The superiority of this Washer is in the atomizer, which atomizes the liquid by means of a rapidly rotating cone with pins at its peri phery. Clogging is prevented, as the water is delivered to the cone through a nozzle with a large orifice and at low pressure. The non clogging feature assures a steady, uniform spray, which insures in timate contact between the air arid the spray. No screen in, pump intake. Atomizer fits any atr washer. Washers made in various sizes for washing air or gases and for use in chemical plants. Fans and Ventilating Equipment Buffalo Forge Company Associated With Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America Buffalo, N. Y. New York. N. Y., 39-41 Cortlandt St. Philadelphia, Pa.. 1303 Land Title Bldg. Boston, Mass., 177 State St. Cleveland, O., Kirby Bldg. Pittsburgh. Pa., 917 Union Arcade Detroit, Mich., 1772 W. Lafayette Blvd. Chicago, III., 562 W. Wash. Blvd. Atlanta, Ga., Candler Bldg. BRANCHES Washington, Washington Loan & Trust Bldg. St. Louts, 515 Chemical Bldg. Cincinnati, 606 Mercantile Library Bldg. Minneapolis, 120 South Ninth St. Denver, 1718 California St. Los Angeles, 636 H. W. Heilman Bldg. Indianapolis, 1016 Fletcher Trust Bldg. San Francisco, Sharon Bldg. ' CANADIAN BRANCH Canadian Blower and Forge Co., Kitchener, Ontario CARRIER AIR WASHERS One-piece eliminators and scrubbers that are easily assembled in a few minutes and give greatest cleaning effect known. Spray, nozzles prevented from clogging by tank width screen. Original efficiency is maintained indefinitely by a few min utes Hushing out each week. Power Blowers and Exhausers have cast iron housings and are for belt or direct motor drive. Mill Exhausers. Standard and slow speed, high efficiency, and single or double exhausters are furnished for handling refuse or dust. For belted or direct drive. Buffalo Duplex Conoidal Fans, shown below, maintain even pressure and good efficiency over Niagara Conoidal Fans handle large quantities of air at high. efficiency under big over loads in industrial plants. Low speed and great capacity well suited to belt drive. a greater range of air de mand than is possible with any other construc tion. Best adapted to schools, public buildings, Disc Fans are very useful for removing steam, odors or foul air in shops, mills and factories. Belted or direct motor driven types. offices, etc. Moderate speed for direct connec tion to motor. Stoker Fans have highest efficiency at normal load where it counts most, utmost proven reliability, and high speed for direct connection to turbine or motors. They completely pro tect motors. Send for Catalogue Buffalo Products Conoidal Multiblade Fans Carrier Air Washers Pipe Coil Heaters Ventilating Sets Disc Fans - Humidifiers Generator Coolers Gas Scrubbers Stoker Fans -- Induced Draft Fans Planing Mill Exhaust Fans Dust Collectors Pressure Blowers Drying Apparatus Spray Nozzles Forge Shop Equipment 317 Fans and Ventilating Equipment Clarage Fan Company Kalamazoo, Michigan Boston Chicago Cleveland Los Angeles Minneapolis St. Louis Rochester Denver New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh Indianapolis Detroit Omaha Atlanta Charlotte, N. C. Consult Telephone Directory for Street Address of any of above Branch Offices Products--Heating and Ventilating Fans and Allied Apparatus, Multiblade Fans, Air Washers, Exhaust Fans, Pres> sure Blowers, Mechanical Draft Equip ment, Heaters, Vertical Steam Engines. Multiblade Fans--Designed and built primarily for heating and ventilating where large volumes of air are handled at low pressures. Suitable for schools, theatres, churches, offices and factories. High efficiency, quietness of operation,, small space required and adjustable fea tures, of design are points in which they have been found superior to other types. Range of sizes to fit every condition. Capacities from 500 to 250,000 cu. ft. of air per minute. Full housed fans up to and including No. 3 size are built with cast iron side plates and are adjustable for any angle of discharge. Built housed in sizes larger than No. 3. Double width fans have twice capacity of single width fans of same size. Can be motor, engine or turbine driven, by belt, or direct con nected. Type "V" Air Washers--Seven ft. in length in all sizes, providing ample room for perfect cleaning and humidification of air. Provided with spray nozzles that do not clog, due to large passages, yet water is broken into fine mist insuring intimate association of water and air. Strain on sides of washer avoided by cast iron sup ports in bottom of tank, carrying entire weight of spray headers and eliminators. Small cost for erection, since eliminators can be assembled in fraction of time re . quired on older types. Has observation door of improved type. Suitable for any washed air installation and for summer cooling. Range of sizes to cover every requirement. Fully guaranteed. Vertical Steam Engines--Fully en closed and provided with automatic oiling system lubricating every moving part. Built rugged for hard, constant service. Adaptable for driving ventilating fans, pumps, motor generators, etc. Sizes 4 to 9 in. stroke for steam pressures from 40 to 250 lb. Cooperative Service--Our engineers . have compiled elaborate data covering every Clarage product. Material will be found of value in determining require ments. We will" gladly cooperate with engineers and owners in every way possible. Write for catalogs. Type " V " Vertical Steam Engine Inspection View of Air Washer 318 Multiblade Fan for Ventilating Fans and Vmtilating Equipment Ilg Electric Ventilating Company General Offices and Works: 2880 N. Crawford Avenue CHICAGO, ILL. NEW YORK 13 Park Row PHILADELPHIA 325 Commercial Trust Bldg. BALTIMORE Hearst Tower Bldg. ST. LOUIS 1421 Syndicate Trust Bldg. CLEVELAND 1314 Schofield Bldg. PITTSBURGH 1024 Bessemer Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS 442 Builders Exchange Bldg. CINCINNATI 903 Union Central Bldg. LOS ANGELES 600 Metropolitan Bldg. DETROIT 204 Owen Bldg. BOSTON 136 Federal St. . INDIANAPOLIS 514 Board of Trade Bldg. ROCHESTER 941 Granite Bldg. Ilg Universal Blowers--Direct Connected and Belted--no bearings in inlet. Ball-bearing, grease lubricated motors. Sites 10 in. to 100 in. llgair Unit Heaters with Patented Ad justable Deflector. For floor type or ceiling type. Lowest power consump tion--easily connected to outside air. CATALOGS Complete Catalog,' 200 Pages Condensed Catalog, 48 Pages * BULLETINS Unit Heaters Garage Heating ' Fog Reduction and Steam Removal Restaurant Ventilation Residence Ventilation Store and Office Ventilation Power Roof Ventilators Farm Ventilation Fans and Blowers for Railroads Industrial Ventilation Ilg Fans Everywhere 319 Fans and Ventilating Equipment Hersh Brothers Company Allentown, Pa. ' 149 Broadway, N. Y. Fans and Blowers for Heating and Ventilating Lehigh Multiblade Fans, Wheel Type "M"--Cut Showing a Counter Clockwise Wheel This type of fan is designed particularly for use in connection with heating and ventilating systems in public and in dustrial, buildings where large volumes of air are handled at comparatively low pres sures. It is proportioned to give low velocities of air throughout with the least resistance both at the entrance and at the discharge. The special construction of this type of wheel combines in one the desirable quali ties of the older steel plate fan wheel with the large capacity and efficient operation of the Multiblade Type. This wheel requires no stay-rods to keep it in shape under any speed. The strength and rigid ity of construction can be readily ascer tained from examination of the radial blades which run to the hub of the wheel, so placed in order to give the greatest strength in the direction of rotation. The strains on this wheel are those of tension, in which all metal is strongest, rather than shear, in which it is weakest. No wobbling side thrusts occur with this construction.; The.curvature of the Multiblades does not restrict the area of discharge and therefore the capacity of the wheel. . The housing, being rigidly braced with angle iron and the inlet and outlet with tee iron punched for sheet metal connection, is free from vibration under the highest speeds and pressures. The bearings are of unusual quality (ball and socket type) with double ring oiling and best babbit. They are self-aligning in all directions. This prevents the shaft from becoming bound. The shaft is constructed of the best grade of DRAW STEEL containing from 30 to 40% carbon. 320 Hersh Brothers Company Fans and Ventilating Equipment tEHIGfl LEHIGH MULTIBLADE FANS--TYPE "M" FOR USE IN HEATING AND VENTILATING RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS, 70 F., 29.92" BAR. Dia. Wheel, In. ea Outlet, Sq. F t. '/*' STATIC PR. 3/8' STATIC PR. /2' STATIC PR.' >/a* STATIC PR. }/{ STATIC PR. 6 Z Total Pres., .356' Total Pres.. .507' Total Pre*., .641' Total Pres.. .785' Total Pres., 93' Outlet Vel.. 1300 ft. Outlet Vel.. 1400 ft. Outlet VeL 1500 ft. Outlet VeL 1600 ft. Outlet VeL 1 700 ft. uc0. Per. Speed. 1610 ft. Per. Speed. 1955 ft. Per. Speed. 2145 ft. Per. Speed. 2371 ft. Per. Speed. 2578 ft. < C. F. M. Rev. H. P. C- F. M. Rev. H. P. C. F. M. Rev. H. P. C. F. M. Rev. H. P. C. F. M. Rev. H. P. 1.24 18 1.78 V/l 21 2.43 1.610 409 2.320 341 3.160 292 .16 .28 .34 1.735 497 2.500 415 3.400 355 .25 .36 .48 1.860 546 2.680 455 3.650 390 .34 .48 .65 1.980 603 2,850 503 3.890 431 .44 2.110 656 .62 . 3.030 547 .84 4.130 469 .54 .78 l.l 5 3.17 27 4.02 30 4.96 4.120 256 5.150 227 6.450 209 .44 .55 .68 4.500 311 5.620 ?76 6.950 249 .63 .79 .97 4.750 341 6.020 303 7.450 273 .84 1.06 13 5.075 377 6.430 335 7,930 303 1.1 137 1.7 5,400 410 1.4 6.830 364 1.7 8.430 328 2.1 5*4 33 6.0 7.25 7 42 9.72 7.800 186 9.280 171 12.600 146 .81 .96 1.3 8.400 226 10.000 707 13.600 178 1.16 1.37 1.85 9.000 748 10.700 777 14.600 195 1.56 1.85 2.5 9.600 274 2.1 11,400 252 2.4 15.500 216 335 10.200 298 2.6 12.150 273 3X1 16,500 234 4.0 8 9 10 48 12.7 S4 16.1 60 19.8 16.500 128 1.7 20.850 114 2.1 25.750 103 2.6 17.750 156 2.4 22,500 138 3.0 27.800 124 3.7 19.000 170 3.2 24.100 151 4.0 29.700 137 5.0 20300 188 4.2 25.700 168 53 31,700 151 6.4 21.500 205 53 27.100 182 6.5 33,700 164 8.0 13 66 24.0 28.6 78 33.5 31,200 93 3.1 37.100 86 3.6 43.800 79 4.2 33.600 113 40.000 104 47.000 96 4.5 5.2 6.1 36.000 124 6.0 42.600 114 7.0 50.250 105 8.1 38.400 137 7.8 45.700 126 9.1 53.700 116 10.6 40.800 149 9.7 48.500 137 f (3 57.000 126 133 16 84 38.9 90 44.6 % 50.8 50.600 73 4.8 58.000 68 5.5 66,000 64 6.2 54.400 69 7.0 62.500 83 7.9 71.200 78 8.9 58.300 98 9.4 67.000 91 10.6 76.200 86 11.9 62.300 108 123 71.450 101 13.8 81.200 95 15.5 66.200 117 153 76.000 109 173 86.400 103 193 17 102 57.3 108 64.3 74.500 61 7.0 83.500 57 7.8 60.250 73 10.0 90.000 69 11.2 86.000 81 13.4 91.700 89 17.5 97,400 97 2)3 96.500 76 15.1 102.800 84 19.6 109.200 91 24.4 20 120 79.3 103.000 52 9.7 111.000 63 .13.8 119.000 69 18.6 (27.000 76 243 135.000 82 30.0 Fan No. Dia. Wheel, In. Area Outlet, Sq. Ft. 1' STATIC PR. Total Prea.. 1.202' Outlet Vel.. 1800 ft. Per. Speed. 2950 ft. 1</Y STATIC PR. Total Prea., 1.5' Outlet Vel., 2000 ft. Per. Speed. 3300 ft. IVY STATIC PR. Total Prea.. 1.83' Outlet Vel.. 2300 ft. Per. Speed. 3625 ft P/4' STATIC PR. Total Prea. 2.14' Outlet Vel. 2500 ft. Per. Speed. 3930 ft. 2' STATIC PR. Total Prea.. 2.455' Outlet VeL 2700 ft. Per. Speed. 4220 ft. C. F. M. Rev. H. P. C. F. M. Rev. H, P. C. F. M. Rev. H. P. C. F. M. Rev. HP. C. F. M. Rev. H. P. 15 134 1.78 316 21 2.43 2330 751 3.210 625 4.370 536 .73 1.1 1.4 2,480 838 IX) 3.540 698 1.5 4.850 600 2.0 2.850 922 4.100 768 5.560 659 1.5 2.1 2.8 24 3.17 4.02 V1 30 4.96 5.710 469 1.9 7.240 417 23 8.930 375 2.9 6350 524 2.6 8.040 466 3.2 9.900 419 4.0 7.300 576 9,250 513 11,400 461 3.6 4.6 5.6 33 6.0 10.800 341 3.4 12.000 381 4.8 13.800 419 6.7 735 12.850 313 4.1 14.300 349 5.6 16.450 384 8.0 7 42 9.72 17.500 268 5.5 19.400 300 7.6- 22,400 330 10.7 48 12.7 9 54 16.1 10 . 60 19.8 22.900 235 7.1 28.900 208 8.9 35.700 168 t0.8 25.400 262 9.8 32.100 233 123 39.700 210 15.0 29.200 788 13.8 36.900 256 173 45.600 231 213 66 24.0 43.150 171 130 48.000 191 18.0 55.200 210 25.4 72 28.6 51.400 157 153 57.200 175 71.2 65.700 192 30.0 13 78 33.5 60.400 145. 17.8 67.000 162 24.7 77.000 178 34.9 84 38.9 70.000 134 20.5 77.700 150 78.3 89.500 165 40.0 |$ 90 44.6 80.400 125 233 89.400 140 323 103.000 154 45.5 16 % 50.8 91.400 118 26.2 101.500 131 363 116.800 145 513 3.100 1000 1.85 4.460 832 2.6 6.070 714 3.5 3350 1073 4,830 895 6.550 768 2.4 3.5 4.6 7.950 624 .. 4.6 10.000 555 5.8 12.400 500 7.1 8.560 671 10.850 597 13.400 537 6.0 7.6 93 15.000 454 8.5 17,850 416 10.1 24300 357 13.6 16.200 488 113 19.300 447 13.3 26.200 384 17.8 31.700 312 17.6 40.200 278 22.0 49.500 250 26.9 34.300 336 23.0 43300 299 28.6 53.500 269 353 60.000 227 32.3 71.500 208 38.1 83.700 192 443 64.800 244 423 77.100 224 50.0 90.500 207 58.0 97.200 179 50.8 111.600 167 58.0 127.000 156 653 105.000 192 66.7 120.600 179 76.0 137.000 168 85.5 17 20 102 573 108 643 120 793 103.000 107 794 115.700 104 33.0 143.000 94 40.7 114.600 174 407 128.500 117 45,8 159.000 105 56.5 132.000 136 57.6 147.600 128 64.7 182.500 116 79.8 143.000 147 733 160.500 139 823 198.300 125 101.5 155.000 158 963 173.500 149 1083) 214,000 135 133.0 321 Fans and Ventilating Equipment The New York Blower Company CHICAGO, ILL. Sales offices in principal.cities LAPORTE, IND. Fans--Blowers--Heaters--Air Washers--Engines--Ventilators--Forges SERI-VANE Fans for the heating and ventilating of public buildings, schools, theatres, factories, mines, etc. Fans for mechanical draft, conveying systems, foundries, gas plants, stokers, etc. Pulley driven or motor driven disc and propeller fans of wide range. . PEERLESS Air Washers for public and industrial buildings. Cooling systems for thea tres, auditoriums, churches, depart ment stores, etc. Humidifiers and de-humidifiers for special processes and drying :as paper, textiles, to bacco, glue, leather and wood. COMET UNIT HEATERS for eco nomical heating and ventilating where steam is used. FAN FURNACES for churches, fac tories, schools, etc., requiring heat without any steam plant. Special Unit Heaters for offices, libra ries, and factories. SPECIAL DESCRIPTIVE BULLETINS OF EACH PRODUCT WILL BE GLADLY SENT. 322 Fans and Ventilating Equipment Atlanta, Ga. Boston, Mass. Buffalo. N. Y. Chicago. 111. Cincinnati, O. Cleveland, O. Dallas, Tex. . Detroit, Mich. Hartford, Conn. Indianapolis, Ind. Kansas City, Mo. Los Angeles, Cal. Minneapolis, Minn. B. F. Sturtevant Co. Hyde Park, Boston, Mass. PLANTS LOCATED IN Camden. N. J. Htte Pare, Mass. Sturtevant, Wia. Galt, Ont. Framingham, Mass. Berexlet, Cauf. Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh. Pa. Portland, Ore. Rochester, N. Y. St. Louis, Mo. Salt Lake City, Utah San Francisco, Cal. Seattle, Wash. Toronto, Ont. Washington, D. C. PRODUCTS Heating and Ventilating Equipment Multivane Volume Blowers and Ex hausters; Propeller and Disc Type Volume Exhaust Fans; Heaters; Air Washers; Engines and D. C. Motors; Galvanized Duct Work; Portable Ventilating Sets; Autoforce Ventilators. Power House Equipment Fuel Economizers; Mechanical Draft Ap paratus; Turbine and Steam Engine Gener ator Sets; Gasoline Electric Generator Sets; Generator Cooling; Steam Engines; Steam Turbines; Transmission Gears. Industrial Equipment High Pressure, Medium Pressure and Low Pressure Blowers; Volume Blowers; Planing Mill Exhausters; Cupola Blowers; Gas Blowers and Boosters; Gas Ex hausters; Forges and Forge Blowers; Acid Proof Fans; Pneumatic Collecting and Conveying Systems; Steam Exhaust Heads. Air Conditioning Equipment . Paper, Glue, Wood and Leather Drying, Vapor Absorption Systems; Air Washing, Humidifying and Dust Removing Systems; Dehumidifying Systems. r Vacuum Cleaning Equipment Stationary Plants for Home and In dustrial Use; Portable Vacuum Cleaners of all sizes for all work. Engineering Service As each installation is unique, it is. usually necessary that an engineer analyze the conditions before making recom mendations. The engineering staff of the B. F. Sturtevant Co. has been trained to analyze conditions and to properly apply our apparatus accordingly. Consult them, they are at your service without obligation. Publications The STURTEVANT line is so varied that a comprehensive presentation in one publi cation is undesirable. We have, therefore, issued a special bulletin on each particular line, covering the mechanical details. CATALOGS . . Air Conditioning No. 295 Air Washers. 25 Air Washers--Canadian 278 Air Conditioning. 246 Generator Cooling. Climate Doctors. Drying No. 298 Sturtevant-Browneli Dryer. 299 Drying Systems. ' 243 Paper Drying. 1052 Vegetable Dryers. 314 High Humidity Lumber Dry Kilns. 289 Hosiery Dryer. 305 Poultry Manure Dryer. Heating and Ventilating No. 283 Autoforce Ventilators. 230 Heaters. . 215 Heating and Ventilating Treatise. 1014 Heating and Ventilating Government Buildings. 227 Heating and Ventilating Layouts--Blue print Books. 1013 Heating and Ventilating Public Buildings. 1012 Heating and Ventilating Schools. 279 Disc and Propeller Fans. 290 Silentvane Fans. . 306 Hot Blast Heater. Mechanical Draft .. No. 236 Forced Draft Fans. , 276 Turbo Undergrate Blowers, Design 3. 286 VD-7 Turbo Blower. 288 Forced and Induced Draft with Mech anical Stokers. Pneumatic Collecting and Conveying Systems No. 262 Granite Dust Removal Systems. 245 Cotton Fans. Design 7. 234 Steel Plate Blowers and Exhausters. 252 Steel Plate Fan Performance Charts 292 Pneumatic Collecting and Conveying Systems. ` Power Apparatus No. 222 Fuel Economizers in Paper. Mills. 255 Gasoline Electric Generating Sets. 239 Steam Engine Generating Sets. 311 Steam Turbines. ' 311 Steam Turbine Generating Sets. 263 VS-7 and 8 Engines Instruction Book 307 Marine Engines. ' 309 Turbo Transmissions. 275 Gear Transmissions. ` 284 Polyphase Motors. 301 Cindervane Fans. 323 Fans and Ventilating Equipment L. J. Wing Mfg. Co. Branch Offices In Principal Cities 663 Hudson St., NEW YORK. Phone: Chelsea 0027-0030 Factory: NEWARK, N. J. Manufacturers of Wing Featherweight Unit Heaters, Wing Turbine and Motor Driven Blowers, Wing-Scruplex Fans and Exhausters Wing Featherweight Unit Heaters The outstanding features of Wing Feather weight unit heaters are their extreme light weight (about one-tenth that of the old style) and small dimensions, combined with the fact that driving motors are direct connected (no belts) and are out of the path of heated air. These features open a much broader' field of application for this system of heating--in effect the hot blast system--which is generally accepted by engineers and architects as the best system for industrial plants and other buildings of large open areas such as parages, armor ies. etc. The features emphasized make possible suspending the units from ceiling or roof of any building, old or new, without necessitating Horizontal Type additional strengthening of the structure; and the overhead installation makes it possible Vertical High Ceiling Heater to run all steam and return lines overhead out of the way. Wing Featherweight unit heaters beat the floor or working level first. Being placed near the roof or ceiling, they withdraw the heated air which tends to accumulate there and return it to the working level where it is needed. Con siderable economy is effected by reducing the temperature directly under the roof where heat transmission is always the greatest. Wing Featherweight unit heaters are made in four different designs: vertical, high ceiling, vertical medium ceiling, vertical low ceiling, and horizontal. XXL .aazs 7E 7FJ7K Iton 1 LJ * . Methods of Installation The above cut3 show three different methods of installation, the units in each case being located well above the head line, out of the way. The third illustration shows the high ceiling type heater installed thirty feet from the floor above a travelling crane. The .column of heated air leaves the heater with sufficient velocity to 6trike the floor with considerable force from this point, but by the aid of adjustable diffusers the column is divided and directed so that no objectionable velocity is felt at the head line. ---- ' The best and most economical installation of Wing Featherweight unit heaters is when they are placed dose to the roof or ceiling. , Vertical Medium Ceiling Heater Wing Featherweight Unit Heaters Condensed Table of Engineering data Size unit AxA B C in. in. in. D Air Temperature B.Lu. Approx. Cu. f. m. hp. per hr. snip. Room Leav. available wL, lb. 17-3-12 22-4-12 22-5-12 25-4-12 25-5-12 30-4-85 30-5-85 36-4-85 36-5-85 20x20 25x25 25x25 30x30 30x30 35x35 35x35 41x41 41x41 40 44 44 48 48 56 56 64 64 35 36 36 37 37 45 45 51 51 6 1950 % 65 113 92,500 265 6 2600 65 125 162.600 350 6 2600 65 135 173.200 360 7 4800 Vi 65 125 279.000 400 7 4500 Vi 65 135 300.000 415 6 6900 1 65 125 401.000 450 8 6500 1 65 135 433,000 470 8 9600 2 65 125 558,000 630 8 9000 2 65 135 599,400 660 324 Vertical Low Ceiling Heater This table will af ford the engineer an opportunity to choose proper size and num ber of units for any given job where he desires to maintain a temperature of 65 deg. Space does not permit complete table for other room tempera tures or larger heaters but this data will be gladly furnished on application. L. J. Wing Mfg. Co. Fans and Ventilating Equipment WING FORCED DRAFT BLOWERS The Wing Type E M blower makes the ideal forced draft for heating boilers. This small, compact propeller fan outfit is an integral unit, ready to install- No belting or coupling; the fan is right on the motor shaft. Where the base of the boiler is not high enough to accommo date the fan casing, the blower is provided with feet for mounting, placed a short distance away and connected to the boiler by means of a piece of duct. E M units are furnished either in D. C., polyphase or single phase with speed regulation; or with squirrel cage motors and damper regulation. Ask for Bulletin 26. Type B M Motor Driven The Wing Turbine Blower, while long con sidered standard equip ment for supplying forced draft to handfired boilers, has in more recent years be come widely used for stokered boilers as well, a single blower deliver ing enough air to develop as high as 1000 b. p. fether manual or automatic operation may be had. Ask for Bulletin 67. WING-SCRUPLEX EXHAUSTERS The Wing-Scruplex exhauster consists of a highly efficient "screw-propeller" fan, combined with a casing _ of convenient design with the motor on the outside, where it wijl keep clean and cool andbe easy of access. Because of these features it is used for duct work, where the resistance is low, instead of propeller fans with motors directly attached. _ Being designed in the form of an elbow, it fits very well into any run of duct. Its rectangular frame greatly simplifies installation as mil be seen from the following diagrams. - mr. .. .. Turbine Driven lUX INLET Wing-Scruplex Exhauster l\ l Proper Selection of Exhausters-- Where particularly quiet operation is Bolted Hung Bolted Bolted to . Vertical desired, as in offices, residences, hospital directly to from directly to Floor or Bolted to wards, churches, theatres, etc., use Ceiling Ceiling Side Wall Foundation Side Wall lowest speeds in all sizes. For toilet `' Wing-Scruplex '' Exhausters rooms, laboratories, mo tion picture booths, stock rooms, etc., use any speed e Free Air .15 in. . .25 in. . .50 in. in sixes 1 and 2; low and medium speeds in all Inlet Sq. In. Outlet Round, other sixes. In industrial l]S CO Cu. f. m. Hp. Cu. f. m. Hp. Cu. f. m. Hp. Hp. plants, hotel and res Hp. taurant kitchens, engine- roams, workshops, etc. l-A 7-A 3-S LA 3-C 4-S 4-A 4-C S-A S-B 10 10Vr 1750 13'/i mm; 1150 13'A I4W 1750 m 650 16% 17*/8 1150 1750 21 21 21% 850 71V, 1150 71 21% 175(1 25 25 1150 25 75 1750 850 0.052 1440 0.060 2050 0.195 2130 0.090 2700 0.180 4000 0.600 630 0.054 950 0.069 1895 0.208 1250 0.110 2150 0.195 377(1 0.635 330 0.060 395 0.090 1695 0.216 1550 0.22i 3510 0.655 3150 0.700 750 2610 0.285 0.720 use any speeds. The accompanying table gives performances at static pressures up to yi in. Complete table up to 1 in. static on request. 2850 3575 0.100 0,170 22a 3150 0.125 0.2a 1610 0.150 2775 0.220 1950 0.245 1550 0.280 54a 0.540 516(1 o.6a 499(1 0.650 4670 0.710 4440 0.750 52a 0.330 472(1 0.380 4250 0.440 3300 0.530 2610 0.600 8oa 1.330 774(1 1.36C 7540 1.4a 7175 1.460 6900 1.540 6-A 30 6-B 30 6-C 30 30 30 30 600 850 55a 0.210 3775 0.25C 2375 0.330 74a 0.550 628C o.6a 5450 0.740 4000 0.830 3400 0.960 11SO 10250 1.500 9520 1.550 8950 1.570 6000 1.620 7340 1.760 WING-SCRUPLEX FANS Site including 25 in. in diameter are furnished with propellers of cast aluminum alloy. Larger ihn this are steel, pressed to the same form. Note particularly the true screw design of the propeller. Built in sues 10 in., 13 in., 17 in.. 22 in.. 25 ul. 30 in., 36 to., 42 in., 46 in., 54 in., and in - -- n_________e_____ nen f1 P W t. fwi PPM 325 Damper Quadrants THE DALZELL BROTHERS CO. SHEET METAL SPECIALISTS 21 Holmes Street :: YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO HE SURELOCK DAMPER QUADRANT has demonstrated its worth in actual T service and has won the approval of heating and ventilating engineers, and lead ing architects and contractors who specify and use it in duct systems because of its adaptability to any size pipe as well as its accurate control of the air flow. It is designed for long and active service, being made of cast aluminum and so constructed that no unauthorized person can tamper with its adjustment. A turn of the key adj usts the SU RELOCK and the position of the damper is shown on a dial which is in full view. Only a slight pressure on the single key is required to operate it. This advantageous feature means that when the SURELOCK damper is adjusted it is automatically locked in the desired position and it therefore can be placed in any location in perpendicular, horizontal or angle pipe runs, also that the damper cannot be jarred out of position. This is especially desirable when it is used in buildings subject to constant jarring or vibration from street cars, railroad traffic or the operation of large machines such as printing presses, etc. Can be used on brick wall as well as on metal duct. The simplicity of the SURELOCK con struction can be seen from the accompany ing illustration of the damper installed in a warm-air duct. It requires only two screws to attach it to any duct and only one size quadrant is required to fit all sizes of pipe. The SURELOCK Damper Quadrant is a dependable product made by experienced sheet metal specialists whose staff is at the disposal of any engineer, architect or con tractor interested in the control of air . flow in heating and ventilating duct sys tems. List price $3.00. Liberal discounts. Write for Bulletin A. C. 326 Furnaces and Heating Systems American Foundry & Furnace Co. Bloomington, 111. SALES REPRESENTATIVES LOS ANGELES, CAL. MILWAUKEE, WIS. ST. PAUL, MINN. AMERICAN WARMING & VENTILATING CO. AMERICAN HEATING & VENTILATING CO. ATLANTA. GA. ELMIRA, N. Y. PHILADELPHIA. PA. RALEIGH. N. C. CLEVELAND. O. TOLEDO, O. RICHMOND, VA. . Lige Heating & Ventilating Co., Auburn, Ird. Gillespib-Dwteb Co., Chicago, III. C .,Michigan Warming & Ventilating o Grand Rapids, Mich. Atlantic Heating & Engineering Co., Hempstead, L. I. W. H. Johnson 4 Son Co., Indianapolis, Ind. John H. Kitchen A Co., Kansas Citt. Mo. State Heating A Power Co., Memphis, Tennj Case Furnace Co., Seattle, Wash. Distributed bt American Blower Co. Detroit. Mich. AMERICAN DIRECT-FIRED UNIT HEATER Designed for Warm Air Blast Work (with Air Tube radiator at top) for .Heating--Ventilating Drying Burns Coal, Oil, Gas, Wood or By-Products. Creates and Delivers large volumes of Warmed Air to every point in the building. Points far away as warm as points near the Heater being a feature that indicates the distributing effi ciency of the Heater. American Units have these Outstanding Characteristics: No. 3/ American Sirocco Multiblade Fan driven by Electric Motor or from Line Shaft. . : . . Automatic Louvres in Air Inlet open when Fan is not operating thus permitting Unit to heat by Gravity Circulation. Specialdistributingducts to meet special conditions. Ball-Bearing Shaking Grates ' Large Double Fuel Doors Large Ashpan Door DATA Cast Humidifying Pan Large Combustion Chamber All Cast Iron, Extra Heavy No. Floor Space Height Grate Surface Smoke Pipe Motor HP. B.t.u. per hour C. F. M. 630-G 9' 5*x5' 2' 10' 572 sq. in. 10* 2 400,000 4,300 Floor space includes Heater and Fan. American Direct Transmission Heaters and American Asbestos-Steel Cas ings are specially designed to meet the service demands of Schools, Churches, Theatres and Public Buildings. They have capacities of 334,000 to 11,000,000 B.t.u. depending on size and number of Units. Data will be gladly furnished upon application. ;. 327 . Furnaces, Warm Air Langenberg Manufacturing Go. Successors to .' Haynes-Lailgenberg Mfg. Co. 4549 No. Euclid Ave. :: ST. LOUIS, MO. Dealers in all parts of the United States FggTgANK UNIT HEATER Gas tight, dust proof. Long gas travel insuring low flue . temperature. Correctly designed casings of known capacity. Separate grates. Burns any fuel. ^ Large heating surfaces. Fan constructed to give maximum capacity for energy applied. Fan allows free air passage when not running. Slow speed--noiseless in operation. A unit carefully built to give heat and circulation at a low operating cost. Easily adapted to home use. The most efficient way to heat open type buildings such as garages, foun dries, machine shops, etc. DATA ON pBOWT^ANK UNIT HEATER No. of Fan Unit* Diam. Casing Inches Diam. Diam. Depth Area Diam. Height Height Drum Fire Pot Fire Pot of Crate of Rad. of Rad. of Drum Inches Inches Inches Sq. In. Inches Inches Inches Height of Unit Overall With One-Way Outlet Diam. Smoke LM53 U-513 U-573 U-661 U-66I-H Area of Outlet In Sq. In. 45 22 20 15 283 10 51 26 23 15 380 II 57 29 26 15 490 13 66 32 29 19 616 18 66 32 29 19 616 18 Size at Feed Door Openings Inches Cu. Ft. Air per Minute Fan Cu. Ft. Air per Minute Gravity Ap proximately R.P.M. of Fan 35 35 38 41 58 Diam. of Fan Inches 58 59 62 69 97 H, P. Required 8* 8' v-y 9'-6' 12' 9 9 10 10 10 Approximate B.t.u. Shipping Guaranteed Weight at 9 lb. per Including q. ft. Motor Lb. (See Note) 452 616 707 1018 1018 I2xI3'/2 12x13'/2 12x13'/: I2xI3'/2 12x1 3'/2 3500 3900 4400 5900 7000 1400 1570 1750 2400 2600 365 18 390 18 314 21 238 24 275 24 Vi 1350 160.576 Vi 1550 252,3% y4 1850 314,640 Va . 2150 383,040 1 2250 406,980 Nora:--When burning Illinois Coal producing about 10,000 B.t.11. as ordinarily burned. Other fuel will give different rating. Unless otherwise specified, furnace will be rated on 9 lb. of coal per sq. fL of grate when estimated. 328 Furnaces, Warm Air Moncrief Furnace Co. Atlanta, Ga. Henry Furnace & Foundry Co. Cleveland, Ohio MONCRIEF WARM AIR FURNACES All Cast Top Return Flue SPECIFICATIONS Series A Pot Furnace No. of Furnace 20A 22A 24A 27A 518A 520A 522A 524A 527A 530A 1518 1520 1522 1524 1527 Inside Diameter of Fire Pot Inches Diameter of Casings Inches Heating Furnace leu Casings Inches 20 36 ' 48 22 40 49'/2 24 44 51 27 ' ' 46 53 Series 500A 18 36 50/2 20 36 52 22 40 52i/i 24 44 55 27 48 57 30 56 61 . Pipeiess Series 1500 Size of Reg. Face 18 46 24x28 20 46 24x28 22 50 30x30 24 54 30x36 27 58 36x36 Estimated Heating Capacity Cu. Ft. 8-15,000 15-25.000 25-35.000 40-55,000 8-12,000 10-20.000 20-30,000 30-45,000 45-60,000 55-80,000 8-12.000 10-20,000 20-30.000 30-45,000 45-60,000 Moncrief No. 500A Series Pipe and Pipeless Furnaces are supplied with auxiliary wood burning grates. Equipment includes water pan. regulator and poker. ' Grates are triangular, four in number and practically self-cleaning. Fire pots made in two pieces. Feed Section in one piece. Radiators, two piece, cast with smoke and cleanout collars, cast as part of radiator--not bolted on. MONCRIEF INDUSTRIAL TUBULAR FURNACE Cast Iron Construction A heat generator of high efficiency for heating churches, schools and industrial plants with the fan .blast system. Weight 5000 lb., grate surface 7 sq. ft. Sq. ft. radiating surface 320. B.t.u. per hour capacity 780,000. Installed singly or in batteries with steel or brick casing. Adapted for coal or oil burning. ' 329 Moncrief Industrial Tubular Furnace I Furnaces and Boilers The XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. General Office and Factory Akron, Ohio Manufacturers of Warm Air Furnaces, Steam and Hot Water Boilers The Horizontal Flow Heater is a new design in warm air furnace con struction especially effective when used with fan system for heating schools, churches and large public buildings. Manufactured in five sizes for ordinary service but can be installed in battery with as many units as may be required for special cases. The Horizontal Flow Heater Pal. Dec. IS, 1921--Jan. 29, 19SS We will furnish estimates on your requirements upon receipt of plans and specifications. We also manufacture a full line of both hard and soft coal furnaces for residence heating. Catalogs a?id descriptive matter will be gladly furnished upon application. 330 Healing Surface Aerofin Corporation 750 "Frelinghuyaen Avenue .. Newark, N.J. L. C. Soule, Sec'y and Chief Engineer Manufacturers of fiN Fan System Heating and Cooling Surface Aerofin is a new, but proved, surface for the heating or cooling of air and is the final development of investigation and experimentation extending over a; period of eight years. Actual commercial installations of Aerofin have been in operation for more than two. years. Aerofin is therefore a proved product approved by leading engineers everywhere. Aerofin (except the galvanized casing) is constructed entirely of brass and copper. The heat-transmitting surface itself consists of straight, seamless copper tubes about which is wound a helical extended surface, in the form of a crimped brass ribbon. Only the inner edge of the ribbon is crimped,, the crimping reducing the internal diameter of the helix to the outside diameter of the tube. Thus the linear contact between the tube and the extended surface is equal to the total length of the outer edge of the ribbon. The ribbon.is mechanically soldered to the tube as it is wound in place and. the ample metallic union so effected, together with the rapidity of heat conduction through copper and brass (more than twice the rate through cast iron) make the extended surface fully as effective as prime surface.. It is therefore feasible to make the extended surface 80 per cent of the total heating surface, thereby effecting remarkable lightness in weight, and great compactness. The completed tubes with their extended surface are mechanically forced into pressed brass tube plates. The holes in the tube plate are made slightly smaller than the tubes, insuring a tight force-fit, and each tube is expanded into the plates. About each hole in the tube plate there is formed a deep recess and ``collar,M making the tube joint flexible and allowing for expan sion and contraction without danger of developing leaks. In addition, the whole tube plate is flexible. Severest tests, units being subjected to 20 lb. pressure and 20 in. vacuum in quick alternation, have proved that Aerofin will withstand the hardest service, such as on-and-off automatic control. The tube plate is roll-seamed to the pressed brass header and the entire core--tubes, tube plate, and headers--is solder-bathed. Aerofin is guaranteed for steam or liquid pressures up to 50 lb. and for any vacuum. Inside the end of each tube at the supply end there is pressed an orifice ring which restricts the entrance to the tube and sets up a slight differential between the steam (or water) pressure in the supply header and Section thru Header, Tapping that in the tubes. This accomplishes absolutely uni Hub, Tube Plate and Tubes, form distribution of the heating medium throughout showing construction of every tube, without any short-circuiting, and not only, Aerofin. See text. insures the maximum possible heat transmission from 331 Aerofin Corporation Heating Surface the entire surface, but equalizes the expan sion and contraction of all tubes. This is one of the carefully engineered features which achieve the remarkable heat-trans mitting capacity of Aerofin. Aerofin is sold in standard units, com pletely encased and ready for pipe connec tions. This, we think, is the most im portant advance in the history of heat transmitting surfaces. The casing is made of 'galvanized sheet steel, die stamped to standard template, flanged and punched to facilitate assembly and installation, all units of the same size being interchangeable. ' The punched flange not only affords a convenient means of assembly, but an equally convenient means of attaching the duct work, again facilitating installation and minimizing expense. The steel casing forms a rigid, sturdy protection for the Aerofin core itself, simplifying handling and shipping, and insuring against acci dental damage. The casing also relieves the core itself of any stress due to expansion or contrac tion, since the core is rigidly keyed to the casing in such manner that any stress im posed by the movement of the piping or the whole unit itself is borne entirely by the casing. The tapping hubs at the ends of the headers are slotted and keyed rigidly to the ends of the casing, thus transferring directly to the casingany strain which the pipe might exert upon the hub while connections are being made. In addition to the rigid attachment of the core to the casing, through the keyed hubs, the entire length of the header bears against steel angles which are riveted to the casing, as shown in the photographs. There are four of these angles, one at either edge, top and bottom. Thus each header is firmly supported throughout its entire length, but since the angles bear against the outer edges, their rigidity does not affect the flexibility of the tube plate itself. The supporting angles and side baffles prevent the air from by-passing between the headers or side tubes and the casing,, thus insuring uniformly effective transmis sion to all of the air from all of the surface. This brief description reveals the funda mentals which combine to make Aerofin the lightest and most compact of all. heat ing surfaces having adequate strength and serviceability, and the only 50 lb. non corrosive, encased unit surface ever offered to the Profession and the Trade. Aerofin costs slightly- more than equivalent cast iron surface, but the savings in transporta tion, erection, encasing, and connection, much more than offset this. Aerofin is so light and sturdily en cased that it can easily be suspended or supported on steel legs which are furnished as a standard accessory at a small charge. Thus Aerofin saves the expense,of foun dations, as well as the expense of fitting casings on the job--great savings in labor and time. Shipping weight of template-punched sheet steel supporting legs, attachable for either horizontal or vertical installation by means of eight ^ in. stove bolts, 25 lb. per leg. One leg under each end of any unit up to 8-ft. tube length, installed with tubes horizontal, is ample support; three legs for units longer than 8 ft.-O in. tube length, the third leg to be placed in the center of the span. When two units are installed with tubes vertical, casings connected side by side, one leg under the outside end of each unit is sufficient, but if three or more units are so connected there must be one leg per unit, such legs being installed one at the outside ends of each of the outside units, the other legs being placed at the center of the bottom flange of each of the other units. Aerofin headers are provided with a brass tapping hub, cast directly into the pressed brass header. These hubs are tapped with standard pipe threads and Aerofin can therefore be connected quickly and easily, without special tools or fittings. . STANDARD UNITS Compactness Aerofin is furnished `in standard, en cased units, as.shown. The width of the casing, overall, is 29 in., in all sizes. The depth of the casing in direction of air flow, is 10 in. overall, in all sizes. The length of the casing is the tube length plus 8J*j in. Units are furnished, as ordered, with tubes of any specified length between 2 ft.-O in. and 6 ft.-O in., in increments of 6 in.; and between 6 ft.-O in. and 12 ft.-O in. in incre ments of 1 ft. The 15 tube lengths thus available make Aerofin readily adaptable to any requirement. Aerofin units are made up with one, two, or three rows of tubes, as required. Same headers and casings are used in all cases. The 3-row unit is therefore most compact and economical and should be used whenever possible. Single or 2-row units cost slightly more per linear foot of tube, but are often required, of course, ' for preheaters or reheaters. Specify num ber of rows desired. Single-row Aerofin occupies about the same space as equivalent cast iron; 2- 332 Aerofin Corporation Heating Surface are contained in our general Bulletin, which we will be glad to send upon request. Note that Net Face Area means only that area facing the tubes and does not include headers or casings. Net Face Area of any unit equals tube length X 2 ft. which is width across tubes between inner surfaces of casing. Hence to find tube length for any unit divide re quired Net Face Area per unit by two. To find Linear Feet of Tubing in a given unit, multiply tube length by, 18 if single-row, 35, if 2-row, and 53 if 3-row. Four Standard 5'-6" Units of Aerofin Set with Tubes Horizontal, showing Unit Casing Construction and method of attaching Flange to Flange Weight Aerofin weighs from 9 to 16 per cent of equivalent cast iron. A close approxi mation of the weight of any unit may be determined as follows: . No. of linear feet of tubing X C + 47 = Weight of unit in pounds. C for single-row = 0.9 C for 2-row = 0.65 C for 3-row = 0.55 row about 50 per cent; and 3-row only 35 per cent of the space occupied by equiv alent cast iron. Steam Supply and Drain # Each Standard Single or 2-Row Unit is provided with one 3 in. supply tapping at end of header as shown, and with one 2 in. drain tapping at diagonally opposite end of opposite header. Three-Row units with tubes up to 9 ft.-O in. long, have 3 in. supply and 2 in. return tappings. Three- Row units with tubes longer than 9 ft.-O in. have 3 in. supply and 3 in. return tap pings. Because of the use of orifice rings supply connection must be made to supply header, which is plainly marked. Best piping practice is shown in photographs. Do not bush drip connection. Additional supply tappings, in supply header, can be furnished, when necessary, at an extra charge of $11.25 for each additional tapping. If Aerofin units are to be "laid flat," i.e., "face down" (tubes in a plane paral lel with plane of floor), 3 in. drip tappings are required and must not be bushed. This must be clearly specified. . If Aerofin is to be used with water, all outlet tappings in all sizes must be same size as inlet tapping and this must be clearly specified.51 Capacities The abridged table following shows Final Temperature and Condensation at 5 lb. steam, for various face velocities, at the most used temperatures. Complete Capacity Tables, at 5 lb. and 40 lb. steam, Casings Calvanized sheet steel casing, template- punched flanges all; around' and on ends, as shown. All units o( same size inter changeable. End holes match for connec tion of units. Face flanges holes for duct connection, and for supporting legs. Face flanges of all casings are punched on lines bisecting casing in both directions (measuring from outer edges of flanges) and at intervals of 3 in. from these center bolt holes toward the corners. The corners are riveted there being no corner bolt hole. All bolt holes are 9/32 in. and are centered on a line % in. from the outside edge of flange. . Specification When ordering, specify No. of units, No. of rows of tubes in each unit, length of tubes, and assembly, i.e., whether units will be installed with tubes horizontal or vertical or "laid flat," No. of sections high or wide. Specify whether steam or water is to be used. Specify No. of steel sup porting legs desired. If you also specify c.f.m., temperature range and steam pres-, sure or water temperature, we will check your selection, which is double protection. Working Pressure Aerofin is guaranteed for 50 lb. steatn or water pressure, fluid temperature lip to 300 F.; and any vacuum. '* Sales Aerofin.is sold by all manufacturers of nationally advertised Blower Heating Apparatus. Aerofin Corporation Heating Surface SIZE REDUCED FROM .THIS POINT ON /IN ACCORDANCE 'WITH STANDARD VACUUM PRACTICE For Vacuum Return Line System Aerofin Units installed three-high, tubes horizontal, showing uses of pressed steel supporting legs. (The third leg infront of battery, is not required as a support, two legs being sufficient up to 8,-0,t tube length, but is shown to illustrate design.) Typical piping diagram for . Vacuum Return Line System is also shown. Our complete bulletin, sent on request, shows piping diagrams for other systems and for vertical tubes See Capacity Table next page. 334 Final Temperatures and Condensations--5 Pounds Steam--227 Temperature : V e lo c ity o f A ir T h ro u g h N e t F a c e Area*-- in fe e t p e r m in u te -- M e a s u re d a t 70 F. a n d 2 9 .9 2 '' B a ro m . Net Face Area means only that area facing the tubes and does not include the headers or cusings. Aerofin Corporation Heating Surface 'V ". O1 i: * -C7;S? gggss *; eo cm cmcm cm Ct CI N CM CM 1. o.I g.f . nsoooo o uo * osceo --- ffni com*cmcfafi SSSiSS ssess gsass MNoS 2ge OoeiC>cOOr-ttf>> CM CM CM -- CM CM -- cid --d -- U5CM-TO qeqwq 00900 S!353 rOtraisOOt--ipCM. r---cdadocoMceMo SS-cmco o'l Jjj* >! CSsCho S33S CM CM CM CM CM -c*3 ffitSSS ssgs^ bj ttoa-i1 eorcoo oc>cm gf m -- ^ ao 3 eiSS32 <do r`d<c-e d-* fOCtlJ OlAOOM1 ncqqq qetcq* SS2n pgojo ScS* ''-2 1 | o rj^ is 5! 5i s e cm cm ci m CM CM CM --"w* 3^2 g 30 SS 5 ssirsss ir'-3O0-^-0CM H cr r cm tq ooceo l|< o *o -- g -- Jf CJN^L'! .88388 moos* oosoo TCCOO sasgs ggnejo ^2 -- ^ -- 4 S3 cm ffiL2 fs -- sS3o SSS c3 ~~ C<Whh cm cj CMCM^ -- '= !l '-J l.- \z * SSSSS _____ ................. --J u<. *r r-coe* OOOm-O OOOTS Cl !?!- 3Moq ic-teqq = 5< r--*.ffioor--- 0w0-- ----rc-mo-. s* 6 >! S2S3S? S3S3S OffitN-Oe^SCTO ---k4 cm -- cooc r~ iq -tcm <-_ C^MO-SMC>M---* -- - -SrO CMr c--m cOo -ffri l! b 3 u* a! 1| b esqqe qouoo OOOOh ij'f CM<eOOirOtOoCnM S a5 5 SS q sc o cq comion to o o cm *q oocqcxoo frJgOg rOffi --T5 --eo^-T* crr-? cm ccm; cs>o ctrc d00 O73 dCM dO' COM ds*3 t*** Jjjs 5 c. "* 3 52c5- to- ^CcMq -- cm 5s> .. 3?S2S ggsss -C^M^NOCMOPMS W-OMffCicte-trO- gSgmr? MSCOCM eN,<o<o OOOOO OOOhO noooq oqooN 11151ife SSS=S S382&. ?g. e0-idCdM CdO d S3SS3 oot c--m o -r d"> II! -- cmcowo ONtCOO -- CM CO ^ BC l-eMeo^B} ` c.5 IS5 .^ & <2 O' ' o l1 .s + oo .+ 335 Heaters, Air HOME OFFICE AND FACTORY 1400-1490 S. Vandeventer Ave. ST. LOUIS. MO. ' EASTERN OFFICE AND FACTORY 100-160 Bayway ELIZABETH. N. J. DIRECT SALES OFFICES Boston, 445 Little Bldg. Buffalo. 702 Morgan Bldg. Chicago, 1703 Fisher Bldg. Cleveland. 612 Marshall Bldg. Detroit, 308 Scherer Bldg. Pittsburgh, 714 Magee Bldg. Spokane, 409 First Avenue Minneapolis, 802 Metropolitan Life Bldg. . New York. 1702 Flatiron Bldg. Washington, D. C.. 714 Evans Bldg. Sales Offices and Branches in all Principle Cities SKINNER BROS. (BAETZ PATENT) AIR HEATERS Heaters are made up of sep arately controlled banks of pipe coils interset at right angles for alternate rows, backward curve multibladed fan wheel with scroll beneath heater. Heaters are equally satisfactory for exhaust steam or live steam up to 125 lb. pressure. These heaters are built in both the floor type and the in verted type for overhead sus pension. Distributing outlets niay be either round or rectangular to properly suit any given condi tions. Heater fans will over come resistance of duct work when required. GENERAL DATA ON (BAETZ PATENT) AIR HEATERS Size No. Floor Space Required Weight, Lb. 2 i2 3 x3 4 x4 5 x5 6 x6 6'/2 * 6'/2 2' 4" x 2' 4" 3' 4" x 3' 4" 4' 4" x 4' 4" 5' 6" x 5' 6" 6' 6" x 6' 6" 7' 0" x V 0" ' 1000 1700 2900 4350 6300 7300 The above capacities are based upon 5 lb. steam pressure. 336 Capacity, B.t.u. 135,000 350,000 700,000 1,000,000 1,350,000 1,750,000 Skinner Brothers Manufacturing Company, Inc. Heaters, Air SKINNER BROS. PATENTED DIRECT FIRED HEATERS This is the pioneer heating system of its type, and is recommended for buildings where steam is not available and where the cost of a steam system is prohibitive. The extra heavy firing chamber with deflector plate above, in con junction with hollow smoke condenser, provide a maximum heat radi ating surface which insures high efficiency. The circulation of air through the heater is accomplished by means of a backward curved multibladed fan. It is unnecessary to operate the fan for satisfactory results during moderate weather. This heater is built in three sizes, having capacities of 250,000 B.t.u., 450,000 B.t.u. and 750,000 B.t.u. re spectively. Bituminous or anthracite coal, coke, or oil are satisfactory as fuel. Pioneer Manufacturers Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co. is the pioneer in its field and through long ex perience is equipped to design, manu facture and install heating and ven tilating equipment for regulating humidity-and controlling atmospheric conditions, providing .separate and individual control to properly secure to the best possible advantage, air circulation. . GUARANTEE: Skinner Bros. (Baetz Patent) Heaters and Skinner Bros. Direct Fired Heaters are fully guaranteed when installed as directed by our engineers. Our sales offices are fully equipped to supply complete particulars for each requirement, including Up and Down Circulation Dryer for Soap, Veneer, Leather. We have thoroughly established our service to obviate every possible delay. Our engineers will give you prompt attention by mail or personal call. Write to office nearest you. 337 Heaters, Unit York Heating and Ventilating Corp. 1502 Locust Street :: PHILADELPHIA Unit - Heaters--Unit Fans--Rotary Ventilators--Stationary Ventilators--Cyclone Collectors--Damper Quadrants--Blast Gates--Drying Trays--Radiator . Brackets--Sheet Metal Work and Light Structural Iron Fabrication. . Dust - YORK "WELDED COIL'* UNIT HEATER ' York Unit with motor directly coupled tc fan shaft. York Unit with motor belted to fan shaft. Furnished with or with out motor and belt guard as illustrated. Final i Temp. Cond. ; per hr. | R. P .M . | A. P. M . ' H .P . Motor Final Temp. Cond. 1per hr. 1 Final Temp. No. 2 UNIT HEATER For Steam Pressure of 5 lb.' Recirculating-Air at Basic Data--Air at o 60 F. Entering Unit 0" F. Entering Unit sS a.' oi a; < CL X B.t.u. per Hr. 1 B.t.u. *S g3 S. per Hr. 590 7160 660 2500 650 3110 nsn 4200 1425 5200 V? 165,000 139* 171 lb. 226,000 108" 234 lb. 186,000 137" 193 253,000 104" 262 216.000 131 224 296,000 97" 306 1 266.000 124" m 368,000 88" 382 * 2 [314,000 120 235 * 430,000 83" 445 No. 3-A UNIT HEATER For Steam Pressure of 5 lb. Recirculating--Air at 60" F. Entering Unit Basic Data--Air at 0" F. Entering Unit B.t.u. per Hr. B.t.u. per Hr. SI 590 4450 680 5100 850 6300 1150 8500 1425 10,400 f IV? i 3 5 340,000 139 352 lb. 368,000 133" 381 " 426,000 132" 442 " 530,000 174" 548 " 625,000 120 647 " 460,000 107" 477 lb. 500,000 102" 517 580,000 97" 600 * 720.000 87" 745 650,000 81" 880 No. 2-A UNIT HEATER For Steam Pressure of 5 lb. 590 2700 AW) 3040 850 3680 1150 4800 1425 5800 Vi 1220,000 145" 228 lb. '300,000 116" 310 lb. 1 040,000 142" 248 * *26.000 112" 3 38 * 1 1270,000 135" 280 * (366,000 103" 379 * 2 1324,000 129" 336 * 440,000 94" 455 2 375,000 126" 388 * 1510,000 89" 528 * No. 3 UNIT HEATER For Steam Pressure of 5 lb. 590 3850 V, 280.000 135" 290 lb. 381,000 102" 395 lb. 680 4450 1 310,000 131" 321 B 422,000 97" 436 850 5540 1 356,000 176" 371 " 490,000 90" 507 " 1150 7500 3 450,000 120" 465 " 620,000 83" 642 1425 9300 5 520,000 116" 540 " 716,000 77" 740 " ; No. 4 UNIT HEATER For Steam Pressure of 5 lb. 590 8700 7 68(1 10,000 3 850 12,500 5 930 14,000 7V? 1030 15,400 10 610.0001132" 631 Ih 670,000128" 693 " 790,000124" 820 860,000il22" 890 " 930,000:i2l" 963 " 830,000 910,000 1,060,000 1,170,000 1,260,000 98" 660 th 93" 940 86" MOO 84" 1210 83" 1300 " No. 4-A UNIT HEATER For Steam Pressure of 5 lb. 590 10,300 3 680 11,900 5 850 14,800 7V? 930 16,500 10 1050 18,200 15 810,000:140 R3R lb 895.0001136" 925 I,040,000|l3l" 1070 1,130,0001129" ! 170 " 1.210,00011271 1250 1,100,000 109" 1140 lb 1,220,000 104" 1260 1,430,000 97" 1480 * 1,540,000 94" 1390 * 1.650,000 91" 1710 " Ratings on larger sizes and special units will be furnished on request. Complete Heating, Ventilating and Dust Collecting Systems; designed, built and installed. 338 York Healing and Ventilating Corp. Heaters, Unit MECHANICAL FEATURES 1. Welded Pipe Coilt--no joints from inlet to outlet. Coils are tested to 300 lb. pressure. Good for 150 lb. working pressure. . 2. Supply and Return Headers, to which the coils are welded, are both inside the unit housing--hence beat radiated from the headers, goes into the air passing through the heater. ` 3. Steam is admitted to the top header, which runs the full length of the coils--it then passes through the coils to the return header at the bottom, where it is collected as condensed. 4. Pan Wheel, of the efficient, double inlet type, is mounted on ball bearings--insuring freedom from vibration. 5. Ball Beannot--self-aligmng, dustproof type, mounted outside the fan bousing and not in contact with hot air. Their location permits oiling without removing fan housing. 6. Base of the Heater is open on all four rides, hence the unit draws its air from the floor where the air is naturally coldest. This simplifies connection to outride air supply when same is desired for it can easily be node with a rectangular duct of ample rise, from any one ride. INSTALLATION FEATURES Welded Coils of Number 2.2-A and S Units. Num ber 3-A and larger Units have a double set of coils, twice the number of headers illustrated. OPERATING FEATURES 1. Low Power Requirement*--the balanced fan, running on hr>tf bearings, reduces power requirements to a minimum. Path of air is straight through the heater--there are no baffles, etc., to cauBe back pressure. 2. Maintenance it Low, coils are welded to the headers-- there are no joints or valves to leak causing rust, damage and necessitating repair. 3. In Mild Weather--the unit can be run for a short time to bring the room to the desired temperature and to put the air into circulation. Then, the power can be shut off, and * circulation thus started will continue (although at a slower rate) due to the air motion set up and to the stack or aspirating effect caused by the height of the unit. 1. Fan may be belted to line, shaft or motor, or directly coupled to motor. 2. Pan Pulley is located near the top of the unit, which makes connection to line shafting easy. This is also con venient for belting to electric motor fastened to ceiling,, wall or column, no belt guards are required with this arrangement The belted unit may also be arranged with motor mounted on bracket attached to the beater. 3. The Unit stands on an angle iron' base, no extra founda- dations are required. _ 4. The Unit occupies a floor space greater in length than in depth, making it easily adaptable to unused floor spaces. 5. These Units can be arranged far suspension from ceiling or roof trusses, or they can be mounted on special ex tended supports, allowing underneath headroom. 6. Operates equally satisfactory on vacuum, low pressure or high pressure steam systems. SPECIFICATIONS No. of Unit Dia. Face Equiv. No. of Sq. Ft, Sq.Ft. Heat. Direct Con. Sur. Radi ation Outlet Size Outside of Angles Size Base Angles WEIGHTS Unit Heaters Complete No Motor Unit Heaters Complete With Motor Approxi mate Height Inches Inct. Outlet . Width Inches Length Inches 2 8' 3' 1 180 1200 17Vl* 2*2*'// 1500 1b. 1650 tb. 96 22 2-A 8* 3' 1 260 1500 17'// 1900 lb. 2100 lb. 99 31 3 3-A 88'' 4 12' y3' 4' 1 260 2000 20W 2x2x'/,,'* 20001b. 2300 lb. IVvl'faU*2 360 2400 2'/v2W/.' 28001b. 3100 lb. 2 520 3500 27>/2' 3600 lb. 39001b. 114 31 114 43 132 43 4-A 12' 4' 4 880 5000 27>/," 5800 lb. 6100 lb. 132 54 All Frames made from Steel Angles with Gussett Plates Hot Riveted--coils made of % Steel Pipe--Both Headers are 3 in. std Steel Pipe with outside male thread. .. 42V5 43V5 61 85 in. std UNITHEATER--B.t.u. Constantsfor Various Steam Pressures and Temperatures of Entering Air Steam Pros. Lbs. --10" 0" Temperature of Air Entering Heater - 10" 20 30 40" 45" 50" 55 60" 65" 70" 75" 50 fO 125 135 140 150 .975 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.15 1.18 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.39 1 .'49 1.53 1.59 1.61 1.62 1.64 -793 .96 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.14 1.21 1.26 1.31 1.35 1.43 1.49 f .56 1.57 1.58 1.60 .89- ,, .84 :92 .87 .96 ,.91 1.01 .97' 1.05 1.01 1.09 1.05 1.16 1.12 1.22 1.17 1.27 1.22 1.31 1.26 1.38 1.34 1.44 1.40 1.51 1.46 1.53 1.48 1.54, 1.49 1.55 1.51 .80 .83 .87 .92 .97 1.00 1.08 1.12 1.18 1.22 1.29 1.35 1.42 1.44 1.45 1.46 .76 .79 .82 .88 .92 .96 1.03 1.06 1.13 1.18 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.39 1.41 1.42 .73 .76 .80 .85 .90 .94 1.01 1.06 1.11 1.16 1.23 1.29 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.40 .71 .74 .78 .83 .88 .92 .98 1.04 1.09 1.13 1.20 1.26 1.33 1.35 1.36 1.38 .69 .72 .76 .81 .86 .89 .96 1.02 1.07 1.11 1.18 1.24 1.31 1.33 1.34 1.35 .67 .70 .74 .79 .83 .87 .94 1.00 1.04 1.09 1.16 1.22 1.29 1.30 1.32 1.33 .64 .68 .71 .76 .61 .85 .92 .97 1.02 1.07 1.14 1.20 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.31 .62 .65 .69 .74 .79 .83 .90 .95 1.00 1.05 1.12 1.18 1.24 1.26 1.27 1.28 .60 .63 .67 .72 .76 .81 .88 .93 .98 1.03 1.10 1.16 1.22 1.24 1.25 1.26 .'Note--To get B.t.u.'s at any steam pressure and entering temperature, multiply constant from table given above, by rated B.t.u.'s at 0 entering and 5 lb. pressure. Catalogs on any products, sent on request. 339 Heaters, Water Alberger Heater Company HOWARD IRON WORKS 218 Chicago St. BUFFALO, N. Y. REPRESENTATIVES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES' Heaters -- Condensers -- Coolers -- Economizers -- Expansion Joints Alberger heaters are of five1 distinct types each having; outstanding characteristics to insure a high heat transfer, economical operating and insignificant maintenance costs. The Multi-Head Instantaneous heater for domestic and feed water purposes is made in types H, horiiontal and V, vertical- Type A is a special 1 pass heater for light service, and low temperaturedifferences. Type S is a storage water heater for.HSe where steam supply is intermittent and hot water requirements periodical. Type AB is a special designed heater for SIZES OF TYPE "S" HEATER FOR TEMPERATURE RANGE 50 to 180 deg.--Steam at 212 deg. fahr. swimming pools, also for use in connec tion with air washers in heating and CAPACITY OF STORAGE TANK IN GALLONS ventilating systems. ft. 142 258 318 425 500 650 754 942 1190 1473 1757 24x72 30x84 36x72 36x96 42x84 42x108 48x96 48x120 54x120 60x120 60x144 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1600 1900 2000 3000 4000 6000 7000 8000 AY-5 BY-4 CY-5 DY-4 EY-4 FY-3 GY-4 HY-3 JY-3 KY-3. LY-3 AY-7 BY-6 CY-7 DY-6 EY-6 FY-5 GY-5 HY-5 JY-4 KY-4 LY-4 AA-9 BY-8 CA-9 DY-7 EY-8 FY-6 GY-7 HY-6 JY-6 KY-6 LY-5 AA-11 BA-10 CA-II DA-9 EA-IC FY-8 GY-8 HY-7 JY-7 KY-7 LY-6 AA-14 BA-12 CA-13 DA-II EA-12 FA-9 CA-IO HA- 9 JY-8 KY-8 LY-7 AB-16 BA-14 CB-15 DA-12 EA-13 FA-11 GA-12 HA-10 JA-IO KA-IO LY-8 AB-18 BB-16 CB-17 DA-14 EA-15 FA-12 GA-13 HA-II JA-ll ka-ii LA-9 AB-20 BB-18 CB-20 DB-16 EB-17 FA-14 CA-15 HA-13 JA-I2 KA-12 LA-11 AB-22 BB-20 CB-22 DB-17 EB-19 FB^15 CB-17 HA-14 JA-I4 KA-13 LA-12 BB-22 CD-25 DB-19 EB-21 FB-17 GB-18 HB-J5 JA-15 KA-15 LA-13 BB-24 CD-27 DB-21 EB-23 FB-19 CB-20 HB-17 JB-17 KB-16 LA-14 BD-25 CD-29 DB-22 ED-25 FB-20 CB-22 HB-18 JB-18 KB-18 LA-15 BD-27 CD-31 DB-24 ED-26 FB-21 CB-23 HB-20 JB-19 KB-19 LB-16 BD-29 CD-34 DD-26 ED-29 FB-23 CD-25 HB-21 JB-21 KB-20 LB-18 BD-31 DD-28 ED-30 FD-25 CD-27 HB-22 jB-22 KB-21 LB-19 BD-33 DD-29 ED-32 FD-26 CD-28 HB-24 JB-23 KB-23 LB-20 DD-31 ED-34 FD-28 CD-30 HD-25 JD-25 KB-24 LB-21 DD-33 ED-35 FD-29 CD-32 HD-27 JD-26 KD-26 LB-22 DD-34 EF-37 FD-31 CD-33 HD-28 JD-27 KD-27 LB-23 FF-46 GF-49 HF-42 JF-41 KF-40 LD-35 GH67 HH-56 JH-54 KH-54 LF-46 JH-68 KH-67 LH-58 Jl-81 Kl-81 LH-69 LI-80 LI-92 Howard Expansion Joints are extensively used in high and low pressure piping systems for alt classes of service. They are a reliable means for accom modating expansion in such lines and are specified for all important work. f ARCHITECTS! To] ENGINEERS {EVERYWHERE [contractors] ' If you have not received a copy of the Alberger Engineers Heater Data Book describing all types and giving dimensions, service and installa tion data please send In your name Immediately. Also remember that our experience in designing and building special heaters and coolers is available to prospective clients. Multi-Head Instantaneous Heater 340 Healers, Water Excelso Specialty Works, Inc. 119 Clinton St., BUFFALO, N. Y. . Sectional View . The Excelso Water Heater consists of a heavy copper coil heating element fitted in a cast iron shell by means of patented ground joint connections. All parts are interchangeable and easily accessible. ... . Cppae^ted on .'ihc-.out" 'side of steam or vapor boilers the Excelso elimi nates the fire pot coil and insures a'constant supply ' of domestic hot water all . during the heating season -at an even temperature. The Excelso method of generating domestic water is so satisfactory and the expense so trifling that boiler manufacturers and heating engineers generally are recommending its use. The New Heavy Duty Double Coll Heater--For larger installations -- for apartment houses, buildings and other places where large .quantities of hot water are required. These larger heat ers are made in four sizes for tank ca pacities of 160,200, 300 and 400 gal. ' Connecting two New Double-Coil Heater or more of these heaters in battery will heat domestic water for most any tank capacity. Special problems involving the use of Excelso Heaters will be given prompt attention by our engineering department. The new heaters take care of installations from 160 to 400 gat. Double the No. 18 up in batteries of two and 800 gal. can easily be heated. These new heaters are built along the same general lines as the famous single coil heaters except that they have a double coiL Excelso Heater Connected to Round Steam Boiler Excelso Rotary Hack Saw Tool-- Boilers may be easily and quickly tapped by means of Excelso Rotary Hack Saw Tool. Each tool cuts holes for either 1, 1M or 2 in. pipe tap. Price $7.50 net. in cluding 6 blades. 2 of each size. The Excelso Heater can be easily connected 'below the water line of any steam or vapor heating boiler in any new orotd installation.. Also used for heating water or other liquids with live-steam up to 25 lb. Hack Saw Tool Fire Pot Generator Excelso Fire Pot Gen erator--This generator fits any type hot water boiler or hot air furnace, and isso designed as to be entirely above the fire. 'Made in two sizes and in either cast iron, galvanized iron or brass. Size No. 1. Up to 40 gal. capacity. . Size No. 2. From 40 to 60 gal. capacity. a Also Manufacturers of EXCELSO-PHAETON FIRE POT HEATERS. . Dimensions--Price List--Capacities Size of Heater............ Irngth, in. ............... Shell openings, in.. .. Coil openings, in........ Weight, crated, lbs... Jr. % 5 1 y. II II 12 13 14 15 25 ioy. 14 11% 15 m l2'/2 5 5 Wi 6Vi Wi 9 1 >/. I V. Wi 1 1 Vi 1 W1 i 2 1% 17 23 31 39 46 58 List Price. '................. $12.50 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $120 Formerly Nos. 16. 17 and 18. 26 15 9 2 Wi 68 $150 27 19 9 2 l'/2 82 $ISO 28 23% 9 2 j% 95 $210 HEATING WATER BELOW WATER LINE OF STEAM OR VAPOR BOILERS __________________________ Temperature rise 100 deg, in 3 hr._________________________ Size of'Heater.......................... Jr. 11 12 13 14 15 *35 2b 27 . Tank Capacity . ..................... 30 30 ; 45 60 90 120 160 200 300 28 400 HEATING'WATER WITH LIVE STEAM X*3 Temperature rise 100 deg, in 3 hrs. at 5 lb. pressure^. Size of Heater..................... % Tank Capacity........................ 45 ~ 12 50 , 75 13 100 14 15 *25 V> 27 28 150 200 250 300 450 600 ., . INSTRUCTIONS FOR ORDERING HEATERS Many tanks are installed too small and heaters should always be ordered to correspond with work required and not size of tank. Also make liberal allowance if circulating system is used. . 341 Heaters, Water The Patterson-Kelley Co. 101 Park Avenue New York City Preheaters, Heat Exchangers, Heaters for Chemicals, Gases, Oils. Coolers for Brine, Chemicals, Gases, Oil and Water. Hot Water Heaters for all purposes. Pool Heaters and Converters. The Patterson Com bined Hot Water Service and Storage Heater, Type B, is for any service where requirements for hot water are not con stant, or where a large volume must be stored for sudden heavy demands. : - General Specifications Constructed like a high grade boiler--of heavy steel plate. Steam inlet and outlet chamber is* a heavy, grey iron casting. Tube head is a heavy, steel forging into which both ends of each tube are expanded. Tubes are of pure, cold drawn seamless copper and * n ' shaped to provide against contraction and expansion strains. Heater is for any service and in any required size per tables below. Write us for engineering advice. STORAGE CAPACITIES No. Dimensions in Inches - Capacity Approx. in Gals. Wt. in Lbs. No. Dimensions in Inches Capacity Approx. * in Gals. Wt. in Lbs. 1 S 24x48 2 S 24x60 3 S 24x72 4 S . 24x64 5 S 30x60 6 S 30x72 7 S 30x64 as 30x96 9 S 30x 120 I1I0 Ss. 36x72 36x64 12 S 36x96 13 S 36 x 108 . MS 36 x 120 15 S 36x 144 16 S 42 x 72 17 S 42x84 16 S 42x96 19 S 42 x 108 20 S 42x120 94 650 118 750 141 850 164 950 180 875 215 1000 255 1150 285 1300 360 1500 310 1250 365 1400 415 1550 475 >700 500 1850 640 2100 430 1500 500 1650 575 1800 650 1950 720 2200 21 S 22 S 23 S 24 S 25 S 26 S 27 S 28 S 29 S 30 S 31 S 32 S 33 S 34 S 35 S 36 S 37 S 38 S 39 S 40 S 42 x 144 42x168 42 x 192 48x96 48 x 120 48 x 144 48x 168 48 x 192 54 x 120 54x 144 54, 166 54x-192_ 60x120 X)x 144 60,168 60 x 192 72x174 84 x 168 96x 168 96 x 192 660 1000 1155 750 940 1125 1300 1500 1190 1425 1665 1900 ' 1400 1700 2000 2240 3000 4000 5200 6000 2450 2800 3100 2600 2925 3350 3840 4200 3500 3900 4300 4700 4300 4950 5600 6200 7000 8700 10000 II000 HEATING CAPACITIES--40 F. to 180 F.--Steam at Atmospheric Pressure No. - ' Gallons per Hour . Appro,. Wl in Lbs. No. Gallons per Hour Approx. Wt. m Lbs. . 1H 100 200 15 H - 2000 - 700 2H 150 215 16 H 2500 ' 800 ' 3 H . - 200 235 17 H 3000 900 4H 250 255 18 H 3500 1050 5H 300 265 19 H 4000 1200 6H 400 315 20 H 4500 1350 7H 500 350 21 H 5000 1500 8H 600 370 22 H 6000 1750 9H 700 400 23 H 7500 2000 10 H 800 425 24 H 10000 3200 II H 1000 450 25 H 12500 3800 12 H 1250 500 26 H 15000 4500 13 H 1500 : 550 27 H 20000 5100 14H 1750 600 28 H 25000 5600 NOTE.--To specify Type B. Heaters, combine the numbers of the required storage and heating capa cities. For example. "One Patterson Type B. Heater with No. 22 S. and No. 17 H." has 1000 gallons - storage with 3000 gallons hourly heating capacity. . 342 Heaters, Water Thermal Appliance Company / incorporated ' 142 Madison Avenue, NEW YORK SALES OFFICES ' 332 S. Michican Avenue. CHICAGO 7 East 42nd Street, NEW YORK =T/\C0M WATER HEATER For heating domestic water with the same fire that heats the home or building. There is a TACO for any steam, vapor, vacuum, hot water or hot air heating plant. Types for each heating system are classified below. Domestic and Apartment Tacos Domestic and Apartment Taco Heaters are for use in connection with steam or vapor-heating boilers connected below the water line. They are also for use in heating hotwater radiators in bathrooms, garages, greenhouses or elsewhere. , APARTMENT TACO No. Length, Diameter Boiler Tank ShippingWcight, Inches Inches Connections List Price 320 26% 8 5 640 38% MVs 6 960 4036 H'/z 2 2'/z 3 85 $100.00 195 200.00 265 300.00 FLO-LINE TACO Flo-Line Taco Heaters are for con nection in the main outlet of steam and vapor heating boil ers. Body of heater is sufficiently large, so the pipe area is not restricted. Can also be used in connection with Hot Water Heat ing Boiler. (See Note.) Capac Gala. No. ity with with Hot Heisht. Inches Steam Water Diam eter. Inches Tank Side Ship Con pav Flange, s' nec ings. Inches' tions Inches Lb. List Price 01 60 30 9% 02 120 60 13% 03 240 120 m 5Vs 6>/s 6 Vs 1 11 iy. I'/s 3 4 5 25 $25.00 40 35.00 75 55.00 Nora--The Flo-line "TACO" Heater is recommended for use in con nection with hot-water heating plants only where provision is made for the use of gas or coal heater on wash days, and at such other times when extremely hot water is required. Domestic water will be heated to within 20 deg. of hating plant temperature. Its use will be a convenience in the home and will save gas or coal. ' UNIVERSAL TACO Recommended for use in the fire pot of hot water heating boilers. The No. 9-30 and 9-60 are furnished with studs for round boilers having coil open ings 9 in. c. to c.; 6-9-30. 6-9-60 without studs for round 6boilers having (coil openings) . 9, or more inches c. to c. The No. 3-30 and No. 3-60 for use with square boilers of any type. No. 9-30- 6-9-30 9-60:6-9-60 8-30 8-60 6-9-30 6-9-60 Capac ity. Gal. 30 60 30 60 30 60 Made of Iron Iron Iron Iron Brass Brass Shipping Weight, Lb. 10 17 10 17 10 17 List Price $ 8.00 14.00 8.00 14.00 20.00 35.00 Where stocks are carried: TACO is carried in stock by all leading boil er and radiator manufacturers at their branch showrooms; and by leading jobbing supply houses. ' TACO TOOL For use when tapping boiler. Comes in three sizes: 1-in, and 12-4*in. $3.00. net each. 343 Healing Systems D. & T. Manufacturing Company 3001 La Salle Street St. Louis,, Mo. ORIGINAL TANK IN BASEMENT SYSTEM Placing the expansion tank in the basement on hot water installations is destined to become'the one general method. WHY NOT GET INTO THE GAME? Eleven years' experience and up wards of 90,000 D. & T. Tank-in-the- Basement Systems in successful opera tion throughout the United States and Canada, should be sufficient proof of the success of this system to the most skeptical heating engineer or contractor. ' The D. & T. System is efficient, simple and foolproof. Send for booklet entitled, "Pro gress in Hot Water Heating." The Superior Air Sealed Pressure Controller is absolutely dependable, opening freely after long periods of inactivity. There is no danger of the con troller failing to relieve. . This Air Sealed Pressure Controller is different from all other relief devices. As you will note, by reference to the sectional view, the opening of the valve is effected by the pressure on the diaphragm. This diaphragm being the well-known flexible type, has sufficient flexibility to allow the disc to raise up off the seat a full inch. This insures positive relief when the predetermined point is reached. This disc is made of a composition which will stand a temperature of 300 deg. fahr. The seat is made of the well-known non-corrosion Monel metal, which is self-cleaning and assures proper action at all times. The disc is 1 in. in diameter and the bellows which lifts the disc from the seat is 2 VS in. in diameter, there by giving a lifting power 6^ times greater than the area of the disc. 344 Heating Systems The Mouat Yapor Heating Go. 1246 W. Fourth Street CLEVELAND, OHIO The Mouat System of heating is 2-pipe gravity vapor, operating at from 1 to 2 02. pressure, resulting in positive and successful hand control of the supply of heat at the radiators. It has no pumps, thermostatic valves, return traps or mechanically operated parts of any kind. . ;,T'i RADIATOR RETURN FITTINGS The Mouat Radiator Return Fitting is a specially designed water seal, with a by-pass for air. It also has provision for drainage to prevent freezing. Note---All of the Mouat Specialties have been designed to work in conjunction with one another; therefore, these specialties are not sold separately, but only complete for each installation. A detailed working plan and specification prepared by experienced engineers is furnished for each building in which the Mouat System is used. PACKLESS FRACTIONAL RADIATOR SUPPLY VALVES Has Jenkins Disc and is substantially made. Easily adjusted, when installed, to suit the size or working conditions of the radiator to which it is connected. I AIR RELIEF VALVES . The Mouat Air Relief Valve or Main Vent is provided with a properly pro portioned vent, ing area. It has no thermostatic, mVAePcOhaRnically oPpReESraStUeRdEor fGloAaUt pGaErtSs. The Mouat Vapor Pressure Gauge indicates ounces of pres sure by water elevation in a glass tube.- damper REGULATORS This regulator is con trolled by the pressure in the boiler and auto matically regulates the drafts. It will maintain a ^pressure of from one to two ounces, and is sufficiently sensitive to operate at a variation of less 'than one ounce. The working parts are connected above the water line of the boiler and are not affected by a high or low water line or the variations of an un steady water line. No water can be forced out of the boiler through the regulator. - This regulator can also be used to reduce steam pressure to vapor pres sure on central,fetation heating plants. ' Showing how the Heat can be Graduated or Controlled Heating and Piping Systems Grinnell Company, Incorporated Heating, Industrial and Power Plant Piping, Fittings, Hangers, Valves, Pipe Bending, Welding, Piping Supplies, Etc. Executive Offices PROVIDENCE, R. I. Atlanta, Ga. (Plant and Foundry) Auburn, R. I. (Plant and Foundry) Baltimore, Md. Boston, Mass. Chicago. 111. (Plant) Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio ' BRANCHES AND PLANTS Dallas, Tex. Detroit, Mich. Greenville, S. C. Kansas City, Mo. Milwaukee, Wis. . Minneapolis. Minn. * New Orleans, La. New York, N. Y. North Charlotte, N. C. (Plant) Orlando, Fla. Philadelphia. Pa. (Plant) Providence, R. 1. (Plant and Foundry) Rochester. N. Y. St. Louis. Mo. Warren, Ohio (Plant and Foundry) GRINNELL COMPANY OF THE PACIFIC Los Angeles, Calif. (Plant) San Francisco, Calif. (Plant) Seattle, Wash. GRINNELL COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD. Montreal, Que. (Plant) ' Vancouver, B. C. (Plant) Torontov Ont. (Plant and Foundry) Winnipeg, Man. Cooperative Engineering and Contracting Service on Heating Systems---Seventy years experi ence . in piping'installation puts Grinnell Company, Inc., in an especially advantageous position to render service of the highest order to heating engineers and their clients. This not only includes a cooperative advisory service which is frequently used by engineers who desire authoritative practical infor mation when working on problems more or less out of the ordinary, but also a complete and expert contracting service as well. Close contact with, power and industrial piping enables Grinnell Engineers to approach questions of heating with' full realization of their relationship to other factors. In formation supplied by members of the Grinnell Staff regarding the utilization of waste heat through the agency of |iot water systems, the utilization of exhaust steam, etc., has proved of invaluable assistance in working out more efficient heating. Grinnell Engineering or Con tracting Service is equally satis factory on the remodeling of old heating systems'--a type of work with which the Company is thor oughly familiar. Power and Industrial Piping --The advantages of placing con tracts for all necessary piping with one reputable .company are ob vious. Responsibility is centralized and a saving in cost is often effected. Grinnell Company, Incl is prepared to submit bids and render expert, personally super vised construction service on all types of Power Plant and Indus trial Piping including Automatic Sprinkler Systems, piping for Acids, Alkalis, etc., Compressed Air Cleaning Systems, Humidifying Systems, Drying Machinery. A contract placed with Grinnell Com pany is carried out to the satisfac tion of all concerned. Materials of 346 Grinnell Company, Incorporated Healing and Piping Systems the highest quality are used. Grin ned Adjustable Hangers and Grin nell Fittings, for instance, save work in installation and make for cleaner, more satisfactory finished jobs and lower maintenance costs. Pipe Bends, Welds, Etc.-- Grinnell facilities for making Pipe Bends, Welds and Lap Joints are' second to none. Three plants-- Providence, R. .1., Auburn, O., Atlanta, Ga.,--equipped with special modern machinery and operated by the most skillful work men make possible unusually prompt and efficient service on this important work. Humidifying Systems-- Through our affiliations with Amer ican Moistening Company, we are in a position to design and install complete humidifying systems, using devices long standard in this work. An especially reliable and sensitive control is a feature of all American Moistening Company equipments, which include, in ad dition to its new Simplex Humidi fier, sectional, fan type, high duty and ventilating humidifiers; atomi zer or compressed air systems, air conditioning room equipment, etc. Grinnell Dryers--Tray Type Dryers--Grinnell tray type dryers establish a new measure of perfec tion in drying results, a new basis of economy in operating costs, a new standard of value in structural materials and workmanship. These new dryers are offered to the trade only after years of laboratory and field experience. They dry uni formly over every inch of every tray and without disturbing even the finest product. Their satis factory performance is absolutely guaranteed. Textile Drying MachineryIn addition to its tray type dryers, Grinnell also manufactures a com plete line of textile drying ma chinery and through its engineering force is prepared to advise on any drying problem. The chief fea tures of our textile drying ma chinery are its more rugged con struction and its double insulation. Grinnell Fittings--After years of buying cast iron fittings on the open market Grinnell Company concluded that the best way to. obtain clean accurate fittings of uniformly high-quality was to cast them in Grinnell Foundries. Grin nell Cast Iron Flat Band Fittings made to conform to the American standard adopted by the Manu facturers Committee on Standardi zation ..of Fittings and by the. N. F. P. A. can now' be obtained by other users. Impartial pur chasers agree that accuracy, of threading, freedom from sand holes, and smoothness of core speed up installations and reduce replace ments wherever Grinnell Fittings are specified. GUNNSLL-' COMPANY Heating, Industrial and Power Plant Piping, Fittings, Hangers, Valves, Pipe Bending, Welding,,Piping Supplies, Etc. ' 347 Grinnell Company, Incorporated Heating and Piping Systems GRINNELL COMPANY Heating, Industrial and Power Plant Piping, Fittings, Hangers, Valves, Pipe Bending, Welding, Piping Supplies, Etc. Grinnell Adjustable Hangers ONE of the chief advantages of Grinnell Adjustable Hangers is that they permit adjustment of pipe lines after installation, thus obviating the necessity of turn buckles or the removal of hangers. And their time and trouble-saving qualities during installation are equally exceptional. On this and the two following pages are shown a few Grinnell Hangers of particular interest to heating engineers. The Grinnell HangerBlue Book, however, illustrates and describes the complete line and carries mechanical drawings and dimensional tables on practically every hanger shown. This feature alone makes the Grinnell Hanger Blue Book invaluable to Engineers, Architects and Draftsmen. As many copies as you require will be sent on request. Fig. No. 101 Adjustable Swivel Ring--Solid Ring Type (Patented October 4. 1921) THIS Malleable Iron Adjustable Swivel Ring can be used with Coach Screw Rod or Machine Threaded Rod in connection with practically any type of Ceiling Flange, Expansion Case, Insert, etc. The unusual feature of this ring is the Swivel Shank. An adjustment of at least 1^ in. is secured by simply turning the nut on the shank. No temporary support of the pipe line is necessary while making adjustments. By means of a unique locking device the Swivel Shank can be locked to prevent loosening due to vibration in the pipe line. Fig. No. 104 Adjustable Swivel Ring--Split Ring Type (Patented October 4, 1921) THE Split Ring Type of the Adjustable Swivel Ring was also designed for use with Coach Screw Rod or with Machine Threaded Rod. The Swivel Shank feature allows the same adjustment as in Fig. No. 101 and the off-center hinging of the ring, by providing sufficient seating to hold pipe securely, permits adjustments before the Ring is closed. The closing of the hinged section of this Ring securely locks~the_Swivel Shank. Side I-Beam Clamp (Patented April 6. 1915) ADAPTABLE to many uses, this Side I-Beam Clamp has ample strength for hanging % to 12 in. pipe from I-Beams. This Clamp in different sizes will fit all sizes of Standard and Bethlehem I-Beams, and most sizes of Bethlehem Girder Beams. Under conditions requiring vertical adjustment of the pipe line, this Side I-Beam Clamp is used with the Extension Piece. This Extension Piece allows 1 in. adjustment at the top of the hanger rod, and a full swing of the rod itself. Channel Iron Clamp DUE to the adjustability of the Grinnell Channell Iron Clamp, four sizes of these clamps, with varying lengths of clamp rods, each with a simple hex-nut, will meet most of the conditions encountered in practical installation work in connection with channels. We know of nothing else on the market which will obviate the necessity for the making of specials for Channel Iron work. - 348 Grinnell Company, Incorporated iHeating and Piping Systems GRINNELL COMPANY Heating, Industrial and Power Plant Piping, Fittings, Hangers, Valves, Pipe Bending, Welding, Piping Supplies, Etc. Adjustable Wall Radiator Brackets rF'HE Grinnell Adjustable Wall Radiator Brackets shown here were designed to support either a single section of radiation or two sec tions--one in front of the other. Fig. Jo. 190 shows bracket,.with single/ foot for supporting one section--Fig. 191 shows bracket with double foot, long screw and double collar, for holding two sections in place. Only one bolt is necessary to securely fasten these brackets to the wall. This means low installation cost as it cuts drilling holes down to a minimum. Cost of installation can be further reduced by spacing these hangers farther apart than ordinary type of weaker construc tion, especially where hook bolts are set in the wall. When hook bolt is used it can be set without extremely accurate measurements due to the liberal range of vertical adjustment and as only three points of the bracket touch the Fig. No. 190 wall, the difficulty so often experienced with rough brick work is practically eliminated. Fig. No. 191 Adjustable Wall Coil Hangers . (Patented May 20. 1923) THE Adjustable Wall Coil Hanger can be furnished with four separate brackets--two for single coils and two for double coils. The brackets locate the center of the coils 2J^ or 634 in. from back of bracket. Where double coils are used the second hangs 33^ in. in front of the first. . Besides the adjustable advantages of these hangers which permit the hanger plate to be raised or lowered to secure perfect pipe alignment, * it is only necessary to fasten the individual bracket in place by two boltsThis saves labor. Fig. No. 160 Saddle Hangers-- Standard Type Fig. No. 169 GRINNELL Saddle Hangers are unique inasmuch as the hanger bar is of steel in stead of cast iron.' This Feature not only reduces the weight of the hanger but also re duces its cost. Hex-nuts at bottom of rods support the hanger and allow almost unlimited adjustment. These Saddle Hangers are ex ceptionally strong and will not sag. Labor cost of installation is considerably Jess than with Branch Rolls and Rods. . The Saddle Hanger is used in connection with in. rods and hex-nuts on 2 to 8 branch' hangers --% in. rods and hex-nuts on 9 to 12 branch hangers--and with Expansion Gases, Grin nell Hanger Flanges, or with Side I-Beam Clamps to steel work for supporting overhead coils. 349 Grinnell Company, Incorporated Heating and Piping Systems GRINNELL COMPANY Heating, Industrial and Power Plant Piping, Fittings, Hangers, Valves, Pipe Bending, Welding, Piping Supplies, Etc. Fig. No. 174 Adjustable Swivel Pipe Roll (Patented October 4. 1921) rTHE Adjustable Swivel Pipe Roll supplies the need for any ad . justable type of pipe roll hanger with single hanger rod. It is unique inasmuch as vertical adjustment can be made by use of the swivel shank at the top of the hanger. . Branch Pipe Rolls ORINNELL Pipe Rolls are especially designed to take care of expansion and con traction. The rolls are made hollow so that only, a small surface is in contact with the rod whereas the surface in contact with the pipe is made as large as possible. This results in the "roll" actually rolling when expansion or contraction of piping takes place. Through a specially designed socket, vertical adjustment is allowed at the bottom of each vertical rod as weiras at the Ceiling Flange. Furthermore, the nut at the bottom of the hanger rod fits into a recess of the socket preventing loosening or turning from vibra tion. \ 4 H HlttWti Fig. No. 178 Adjustable Pipe Stand--Anchor Chair-- Pipe Seat--used with Welded Steel ; No. 196 Bracket YXfELDED Steel Bracket Fig. NorT99 is light in weight " ' as compared with the usual cast iron brackets. It was designed primarily for use with the Grinnell Adjustable Pipe Stand Fig. No. 196, Anchor Chair Fig. No. 197 and `Pipe Seat Fig. No. 198, here illustrated. These combine the strongest type of brackets and pipe sup ports procurable. The Adjustable Pipe Stand as used with the Steel Bracket has excellent adjustment features, it being possible to obtain vertical adjustment by simply ad- . justing bolts on the roll stand. A lateral adjustment or movement is possible with the Adjustable Pipe Stand and Pipe Seat by sliding the Stand or Seat on the bracket. With the Anchor Chair, lateral adjustment is also possible if Chair is moved before the nuts on the anchor yoke are tightened." Fig. No. 197 350 . Fig. No. 198 Healing Systems and Specialties MUELLER CO. Decatur, 111. ' 145-149 W. 30ib St. New York BRANCHES 1072-76 Howard St, San Francisco 2468 Hunter St. Los Angeles PRODUCTS Mueller Automatic System of Hot Water Heat Control ' Reducing and Regulating Valves for water. Reducing and Regulating Valve9 for steam. Relief Valves. Water Strainers. Complete line of High Grade Plumbing Brass Goods Mueller Automatic System of Hot Water Heat Control--This is a closed system operating automatically without an expansion tank. It can be quickly installed on either new or old jobs. The water in the system is always kept fresh. This promotes good circulation. Just enough water is admitted by the re ducing valve to supply the amount re leased by . the relief valve. REDUCING VALVE When air is released from a radiator it is not necessary to go to the basement to turn water into the system as is the case with: other systems. The reducing valve takes care of this. A very considerable saving in fuel is effected due to the automatic control of dampers and rapid circulation. Perfectly safe as both reducing valve and relief valve are operated by the pressure of the water in the system. These valves are especially constructed and tested for use on this system. The reducing and relief valves are positive in action and durable, the working parts being made of bronze with phosphor bronze diaphragms. Boiling point of water raised to higher point than with open system. The damper regulator is a very important part of this system as it is not only a fuel saver but also is a safety feature, checking the fire when the desired temperature is reached. Reducing and Regulating Valves--For steam, water, air, gas, oil, etc., and relief valves that are absolutely dependable. They will not stick after long periods of disuse. \ Brass Goods--Everything in the line of brass faucets, stops, etc., for lavatory and bath room, and also complete line of laboratory faucets adopted and approved by leading universities such as the Mas sachusetts Tech. Mueller Co. has been in business from 1857 and has an acknowledged reputation for quality goods. Specific information regarding any Mueller product will be cheerfully given upon re quest. 351 Healing Systems Reading Heater & Supply Co. Incorporated general offices Woodward and Church Streets Reading, Pa. Manufacturers and Distributors of The Reading Tank-in-the-Basement Systems for Hot Water Heating and The Reading All-Metal Temperature Regulator for Hot Water Heaters, Domestic Heaters and Storage Tanks, Wholesale-Dealers in Boilers,* Radiators and-Heating Specialties.' The Reading Tank-in-theBasement Sys tem, for Hot Water Heating, is a long step in advance of the old method of placing the Ex pansion Tank above the high est radiator, in that it removes the tank to the basement, obviating many objectionable features and removing the liability of fracture by freezing of the expansion line or overflow. The Reading Tank is proportioned ac cording to the amount of radiating sur face on the job, and provides ample air space to allow for expansion. The gauge glass enables the operator to detect any air leakage and to maintain a sufficient air space. The Reading Relief Valve permits a slight pressure on the system, even when the water is cold. This means increased efficiency and prevents the accumulation of air in the upper radiators. The in creased pressure will not cause leaks as the air cushion prevents undue strains. We furnish complete instructions for in stallation. Capacities and Prices rr'!; ' (Subject to trade discount) No. 1. 300 to 500 ft. of Radiation. $38 No. 2. 500 to 800 ft. of Radiation 40 No. 3. 800 to 1.000 ft. of Radiation 41 No. 4. 1,000 to 1,300 ft. of Radiation 45 No. 5. 1,300 to 1,800 ft. of Radiation 50' No. 6. 1.800 to 2.600 ft. of Radiation 56 In ordering Reading Tank-in-the-Base- ment Systems the following information is required: Amount of radiation on job, square feet; number of stories to be heated. The Reading All-Metal Regulator can be used to control water temperature in any system, regardless of pressure car ried. The Regulator is easily applied and the action, is sensitive and reliable. We will be glad to send a catalog describ ing our complete line of Specialties, upon request. Our Engineering Department will welcome the opportunity to assist the trade in difficult problems pertaining to our line, and we invite such inquiries. We carry a large stock of boilers of alL capacities, Round or Sectional, and can make prompt shipments. ' Instruments E. Vernon Hill Co. Aerologists 64 W. Randolph St. CHICAGO Air Meters Microscopes Psychrobooks Complete Test Cases One Kind of Air Testing Instruments Psychrometers Thermometers Dust Counters Pitot Tubes and Gauges Teltru Pilot Tube and Gauge: This is a highly ac curate, compact and portable instrument. The Gauge reads from 1.5 in. of water down to .002 in. . The tube is heavily nickel-plated with a cork grip. It is jointed but the static por tion is inside and of continuous- pure gum rubber tubing, no possibility of leaks. Healthometer : A handsome, convenient, wet and dry-bulb instru ment. with comfort curves on the back. The wick can not become incrusted or the water in the bulb evaporate. An ideal instrument for schools. f/v7z/?/ap tten eCAOMr ALL /trAL 7MPWTW AffUATO* 352 Whirling Psychrometer: The case forms the handle when the instru ment is in use. A very convenient pocket instrument. Each thermometer is individually tested and a correction curve furnished with the same when required. A. C. Machine: A compact,* portable and very useful instrument for determining air motion in a room and studying air currents. It solves many vexing problems of air distribution. 353 Inslrumenls Taylor Instrument Companies New York Boston ESTABLISHED 1851 Executive Offices and Factory, ROCHESTER, N. V. Canadian Plant, Tycos Building, Toronto, Canada Pittsburgh San Francisco Los Angeles St. Louis SALES OFFICES TuLHA Chicago Atlanta Philadelphia Cleveland Indianapolis Milwaukee Cincinnati Detroit Minneapolis Indicating, Recording and Controlling Instruments in over 8000 types and styles. For Steam, Power, Refrigerating and Cold Storage Plants. Air Duct, Oven, Kiln and other Industrialand Manufacturing Applications. Products Include Among the instruments of particular interest to Heating and Ventilating Engineers are: Thermometers. Pyrometers. Electrical Contact Temperature Controls. "Single-Duty" and "Double Duty" Temperature Regulators. "Thenno-Tyme" Regulators. Self-Acting Temperature Regu lators. Pressure Regulators. Draft and Vacuum Gages. . Tycos temperature and pressure regulators for use on air ducts, feed water heaters, hot water storage tanks, etc., are air operated and made in three sytles, Single-Duty. Type P and Double Duty. There are a great variety of applications for these units and there is a Tycos Regulator for every service. Tycos Temperature Regulator For very close control of temperature in dry kilns, bake or sampling ovens, etc., for instance, the elcctrio-contact con trol is recommended as it will automatically reg ulate the temperature of any apparatus heated by gas, steam or electricity. . Recording Thermometers automatically furnish a com plete record in ink on a paper chart of the exact temperature maintained for every minute of operation. Ruggedness of construction, accuracy and reliability are out standing features of Tycos recording and indicating thermom eters. Vapor tension, mercury and gas actu ated types are made for temperature units respectively of 30 to 550 deg. fahr. and - 40 deg. to + 1000 deg. fahr. and fur nished with suitable tubing and bulbs. < nffr> Self-contained types are also available. Tycos Recording Instrument An accurate record of humidity conditions can be obtained with Tycos wet and dry bulb recording thermometers. In the Tycos line of .thermometers are the industrial types for indicating, feed water, condenser, economizer, super-heated steam and fiue gas temperatures. Tycos Thermo-Steam Gages are made for high and low pressure and are graduated tor both temperature and pres sure. Thermo-Vacuum Gages are especially useful in steam turbine operation and Air Duct Thermometers are extremely sensitive and are favored by heating and ventilating engineers. Catalogs of Jycos Instruments In addition to the items listed in this catalog we make a full line of instruments for indicating, recording and con- Tycos Thermometers trolling temperature and pressure, aggregating some 8000 types and styles. They are covered by the following catalogs, any of which will be sent on request. Part I.--Instruments for Steam-Power Plants. Part 00.--Instruments for Sugar-Manufacturing Plants. Part 500.--Instruments for 'Refrigerating and Cold- Storage Plants. Part 500.--Instruments for the Food-Preserving Industry. Part 500A.--Instruments for the Milk and ice-Cream Industry. -------- -- Part 600B.--Instruments for Condensed, Evaporated and Powdered Milk Processes. Part 600.--Instruments for Gas Plants. Part 700.--Instruments for Varnish Making, Oil Boiling, Ashphalt Melting, etc. Part 700A.--Instruments for Oil Tempering, Metal Baths, Tempering Ovens, etc. ' Part 800.--Instruments for Enclosed-Space Applications, Air Ducts, Ovens, Kilns, etc. Part 900.--Instruments for Bakers, Confectioners, Syrup Makers, etc. . Part 1400.--Engraved Thermometers. Part 1500.--Hydrometers. Part 1700.--Instruments for the Oil Industry. . Part 4000.--Radiation.. Thermoelectric and Optical Pyrometers. Port 8000.--Recording and Index Thermometers. Part 11850.--Electric-Contact-Type Temperature Con trols. Part 15000.--Single-Duty Temperature Regulators. . Part 15150.--Double-Duty Temperature Regulators. Part 15500.--Thermo-Tyme Regulators. Part 16700.--Self-Acting Temperature Regulators. Port 16100.--Pressure Regulators. Part 17000.--Type-P (Rigid Stem) Temperature Regu lators. Part 18000.--Accessories for Temperature and Pressure Regulators. General Catalog of Tin-Case. Copper-Case, and Cabinet (wood back) Thermometers; Hydrometers, etc. General Catalog of Short & Mason Meteorological Instruments, such as Barometers, Pocket and Surveying Compasses. Rain Gages, Wind Gages, etc. * 354 Insulating Materials Johns-Manville Inc. 292 Madison Avenue, at 41st Street, N. Y. City Branches tn 62 Large Cities JOHNS-MANVILLE ASBESTO-SPONGE FELTED Sectional Pipe, Sheet and Block Insulation An efficient and durable insulation for insulating saturated and superheated steam pipes and surfaces at temperatures up to 750 deg. fahr. *_ It is made of layers of thin felt, composed of asbestos fibre arid particles of finely ground spongy material forming an extremely cellular felt, built up in laminated form, thus confining a large volume of minute dead air cells in the felt and between the layers, because of its construction, and unlike insulations of the moulded type, Johns-Manville Asbesto-Sponge Felted is tough, flexible and practically indestructible in service. Vibration and the general wear and tear to which insulation is subjected will not pulverize Asbesto-Sponge Felted or cause it to break away from the pipe. Asbesto-Sponge Felted is furnished in thicknesses from to 3 in., in three foot sec tions with canvas jacket and brass-lacquered bands, to fit standard pipe sizes. It is also furnished in sheets and blocks for boilers, flues and other large regular surfaces. Sheets 24 x 36 in. and blocks 6 by 36 in. in thicknesses from H to 4 in. JOHNS-MANVILLE IMPROVED ASBESTOCEL . - Sectional Pipe, Sheet and Block Insulation . For insulating pipes conveying steam at medium or low pressures, hot water or hot. air pipes and surfaces. . Improved Asbestocel is made up of a multitude of small air cells closed-upon them selves by corrugations in both directions, thus retarding the free circulation of air along the pipe. These cross corrugations add strength to Improved Asbestocel and enable it to give long and efficient service without deterioration. Improved Asbestocel is furnished in 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6-ply thicknesses, each ply approxi mately M in. thick. It is made in three foot sections with canvas jacket and brass- lacquered bands, to fit standard sizes of pipe. Also furnished in sheet and block form for boilers, flues and other large regular surfaces. Sheets 36 x 36 in. and blocks 6 x 36 in. 4 x 18 in. and 3x18 in. or special sizes, in thicknesses from to 4 in. JOHNS-MANVILLE 85% MAGNESIA Sectional Pipe'and Block Insulation A light-weight efficient insulation of the moulded type made of 85% carbonate of magnesia and 15% asbestos fibre, for insulating steam pipes and hot surfaces. Our manufacturing process produces an 85% Magnesia with the maximum number of voids or minute dead-air cells which increase its natural resistance to heat trans mission and reduce its weight. In addition, this process provides maximum mechanical strength consistent with hi^h efficiency. 85% Magnesia is made m various thicknesses, from standard (appr. 1 in. thick) to 3 in. thick, in 3 ft. sections with canvas jacket and brass-lacquered bands, to fit pipe sizes up to and including 12 in. in diameter. Also furnished in blocks for boilers, flues and other large regular and irregular surfaces. Blocks are made 3 x 18 in. or 6 x 36 in. in thicknesses from to 4 in. JOHNS-MANVILLE UNDERGROUND SYSTEM OF INSULATION ' For Steam Lines A complete underground insulation which saves at least 90% of the heat that would be wasted from bare pipes. Consists of a vitrified container, Asbesto-Sponge filling as an insulator, rolls and supports, pits and underdrain. Each system designed and installed by Johns-Manville Inc. JOHNS-MANVILLE STEAM TRAPS In the Johns-Manville Steam Trap there is little to wear and nothing to adjust. The only moving part is a hollow, seamless ball. The operation of this trap is noiseless. _ Its size is small in comparison with its capacity. The cast iron models are made in capacities ranging from 700 to 6000 lb. condensate per hour and are suitable for all steam pressures. Junior Traps (for steam pressures up to 100 lb.) are made of bronze with in. inlet and outlet pipe connections. ^ Radiator Traps operate at any pressure up to 10 lb. and are equally effective whether used on vacuum or atmospheric return line systems. To be used on cast iron radiators only, unless specially ordered for special cases. 355 Insulating Material Norristown Magnesia and Asbestos Co. Norristown, Pa. ASBESTOS PRODUCTS FACTORIES: Norristown, Pa. Doylestown, Pa. Pleasant Mills, N. J. HEAT INSULATING MATERIAL Superheated steam and high pressure saturated steam service: 2-Point--Efficient, durable and adaptable insulation. Indent--Designed for severe conditions. . Ideal--Combines efficiency and strength. Asbestos Magnesia--Eco nomical moulded type. Low pressure steam and hot water. Air Cell and Norriscel-- Standard for low temperature in sulations, inexpensive. Norriscel has smaller cells and is the more efficient. Wool Felt--Not fireproof, but very efficient. Asbestos Boiler Cement: "S"--A good, reliable, inex pensive cement. "101"--Strong and efficient. "505"--Easy to apply, great holding and covering power. COLD INSULATING MATERIALS Exposed Pipe Lines--Wool Felt with water proof liner: inexpensive, yet very efficient. Cold Lines Running Through Heated or Damp Rooms--Sweat Proof covering: wool felt protected from water and moisture, made, to prevent air filtration through covering. . Outdoor Lines Exposed to Severest Weath er--Frost Proof covering, a combination of hair and wool felt. Brine and ammonia lines: com bination Diamond N, a built-up covering of hair and wool felt, waterproofed. Other -Products--Furnace cement, braking materials, lining for floors, partitions, ovens and doors, general heat and fire and acid fume pro tection, etc. Gaskets and packing. Asbestos millboard. 2-Point is a heat insulating material made of felted asbestos and loosely packed diatomaceous earth so fashioned that a very large quantity of air is im prisoned in small cells. It is one of the . newer developments in insulation and is. S-Point particularly useful where extreme conditions of temperature and hard usage must be met. Its efficiency in preventing the escape of heat has been accurately determined and the results obtained are available to those who wish complete details. Norriscel is adaptable to widely differing conditions of service. It is made of successive layers of plain and corrugated felted asbestos, the corrugations having a depth of slightly less than in., bound firmly together. The arching effect produces great strength, yet retains lightness, so that it is quickly and easily applied or removed. Its asbestos composition makes it durable so that it is a most economical covering for medium and low temperature installations, while it is frequently used for higher tem peratures where low initial expense is desirable. In block form for ovens, kilns, boilers and other large surfaces, it is made in sizes as desired for greatest ease of application. Frictionite is an excellent and economical braking material for both ordinary and very severe conditions. It. is composed of pure asbestos felted into a firm body, im pregnated with a binding material which, under subsequent heat treatment, becomes strong and tough, holding the asbestos with great strength. In use, it is not affected by the heat generated by friction and will not cause fire. It does not "pee!" or "ball up" even under high normal pressures: Oily surfaces have little effect upon it and the coefficient of friction is high. 356 Insulating Materials Telephone Main 4995 ____ The Ric-Wil Company Established 1910 ^ UNDERGROUND CONDUIT SYSTEMS FOR HEATING PIPES Union Trust Building CLEVELAND, OHIO : ; Agents in Principal Cities--Refer to Local Telephone Directory Products--Ric-wiL Interlocking Conduit, Inter locking Base Drain, Pipe Supports and Ric-wiL Underground Pipe Covering used in the "Ric-wiL Method" of Insulating Underground Steam. Hot Water and Fuel Oil Pipes. Ric-wiL Interlocking Conduit--Rro-wiL Con duit is first quality, standard weight, vitrified salt glazed tile of the bell and spigot type, arid made of "Akron" shale. It is shipped on the job in full round sections and split into top and bottom halves as used. When installed bell and side joints are sealed with Portland cement. The top half has an overhanding lip that interlocks with the bottom half, providing extra cementing surface and protecting the side joints of tile against water. Top and bot tom halves are numbered in pairs so that com panion pieces may be kept together. Sections all in 2-ft. lengths, sizes from 4 to 24 in. inside di ameter. Every sixth section of conduit has an opening in the bottom half through which a pipe support of the roller type projects to carry the steam, hot water or oil pipes thus making the'pipe supports independent of the conduit itself--a desirable feature for this class of work. Ric-wiL Interlocking Base Drain--Ric-wiL Base Drain is first, quality vitrified salt glazed tile of such design that it is both a base for supporting and lining up the conduit, and drain for carrying away any water which might otherwise accumulate around the conduit. The base drain also provides two points of support for conduit, adding 35 per cent to the ground load which the conduit will carry safely as compared to the same conduit placed on fiat ground or broken stone. The top of the base drain has a slot in it into which the bell of conduit fits thus making sections of conduit and base drain stagger with each other so that a strong interlocking construction results. No concrete foundation is necessary in solid ground. Free drainage area of the base drain is large and ample for every practical condition. Three sizes are made: No. 1 for 4 and 6 in. conduits. No. 2 for 8 to 15 in. inclusive, and No. 3 for larger sizes. We will furnish ordinary drain tile instead of base drain if desired but the base drain will save more than its extra cost in labor. .. Ric-wiL Pipe Supports--The pipe supports are planned to carry from one to five or more pipes and are ordinarily spaced 12 ft. apart. They are strong, made of cast iron, rust proofed, and interlocked with the base drain, imposing no load on theconduit itself. Once in place, no movement of the pipes can disturb them.' Four Types of Ric-wiL Conduit--Ric-wiL Con duit for pipes underground is of four types to meet varying service requirements. Type DA--for hot water, fuel oU. and condensa tion returns. Tile and insulation m one, the fatter moulded inside the tile and keyed in. Consists of.a diatomaceous earth (Sil-O-Cel) mixture, light in weight and of high insulating quality; will not deteriorate. This type insulates the pipes from surrounding ground but not from each other, mak ing it specially adapted to bouse oil and steam pipes together for fuel oil transmission. Excep tionally easy to install. Type DF--for steam heating and power pipes. This is type DA with the addition of Ric-wiL Conduit Filler to be packed around the pipes at approximately 15 lb. per cu. ft. The filler is a good non-conductor which will not corrode the pipes nor shrink. Type SPC--for steam heating and power pipes and for superheated steam. The tile itself is not lined with insulation as in types DA and DP but the insulation is applied to pipes direct and consists of any standard make of sectional pipe covering, the kind and thickness depending upon the service to be rendered. Double drainage- is provided in this type. . ., Type F--for steam heating and power pipes. A lower priced type than the others, consisting of unlined tile with conduit filler packed around the pipes. Filler is the same as described in Type DF System. Inquiries--Inquiries should state the size of i>ipe or pipes to be covered and the services to be carried by them--whether steam, condensation return, hot water or fuel oil. If steam, give pressure. Catalog and Price List on request. .. Engineering--An engineering service is main tained for the convenience of customers. 357 Metal Weather Strips Monarch Metal Products Company 5010 Penrose Street St. Louis, Mo. Certified Heating Efficiency and Economy A successful heating plant from the standpoint of operation and low fuel costs must be designed by an engineer using heat loss factors that will remain practically constant for years after a building has been in use. ^ No pre-determined number of air changes can remain constant. Wind velocity and direction, size of crack and clearance between sash and frame, the number of windows in a room and the size of the room, all affect the number of air changes. The size of the room and the number of windows are the only factors that remain constant. Therefore to use any given number of air changes is at best only guess work and not engineering. ROOM 1. Examples Sise, IS' x 16' x 9' = 2160 cu. ft. Location, N. W. Corner Windows, 2 North; 2 West Sise Windows, 3' x 6' Total Crack Perimeter, 84' ' Crack, %*; Clearance, A'ROOM 2. Sise, 12'x 20'x9' = 2160cu.ft. Location, North Side Windows, 3 Sise Windows, 4' x S' - Air change = 15 x 16 x 9 = 2160 cu. ft. contents 2 Air Changes = 2 x 2160 = 4320 cu. ft. contents 4320 x 0.018 x 70 240 = 22.2 cu. ft radiation Non-Strio = (84 x 15 * 2 91Q018 x 7Q) + (4 x 21 x IS x 0.018 x 70) . P 240 " "*7' T. A G. = (84 x 15 x 1.9 x 0.018 x 70) + (4 x 21 x 15 x 0.018 x 70) 240 Mon. No 400 = (84 15 1 -7 4 0-18 * TO + (4,21 15 10.018 x 70) _ ' 240 The result of these computations gives the number of square feet of radiation. Air Change = 12 x 20 x 9 = 2160 cu. ft. contents 2 Air Changes 2 x 2160 = 4320 cu. ft contents 4320 x 0.018 x 70 240 = 22.2 cu. ft radiation Non-Strip = (68 x *5 * 3'7 x 0 018 * 70> -1- (3 x 21 x 15 x 0.018 x 70) _ 4 240 ' . ^ (68 x IS x 1.6 x 0.018 x 70) + (3 x 21 x 15 x 0.018 x 70) ... T.AG. =-------- ;----- -------------------- 240---------------- ---------------" " 135 Total Crack Perimeter, 68' Crack, Clearance, K* ROOM 3. Site, 14' x 17' x 9' *= 2160 cu. ft. Location, North East . Mon. No. 400 = (68 x_15 x 0.018 x 70) +,(3 x 21 x IS x 0.018 x 70) _ 240 ------------------ Air Change a 14x17 x 19 = 2160 cu. ft contents 2 Air Changes = 2 x 216P = 4320 cu. ft contents . 4-3--2-0--x2^0.0-1--8--x---7-0----- 22.2 cu. , ,, , ft. radmtion - . . ' Windows, 2 East; 2 North, D.H. Sise Windows, 3' x 6' on East 4'x7' on North Crack Perimeter, 42' on East ST on North Crack, X': Clearance, >6' Non Strip - (94 x is x 2.1 x 0.018 x 70) + (4x21x 15 x 0.018 x 70) . P 240 "2Zl 24Q 1921TAG - (94xl5*1-7*0018*70) + (4x21xlSx0.018x70)- " Mon. ------- (94lt5^ 06 * 0t8 W) + ( * 21xlS x 0.018 x 70) 240 - ' . The component parts of each equation are as follows, using the Tongue and Groove equation for room No. 3 as an example: . . (94 * 15 x 1.7 x 0.018x70) (4x21x15x0.018x70) ' A BCDEFGB.DE ~` 240 " A--Lineal feet of crack. H B--Wind movement in miles per hour. C--Infiltration in cubic feet per hour per foot of crack per mile wind movement. D--Number of B.t.u. required to raise 1 cu. ft. of air 1 deg. fahr. --Degrees difference inside and outside temperature--(0-70 deg.) F--Number of windows in room. G--Cubic feet of elsewhere leakage through any size window ' . ' ' ' 358 Monarch Metal Products Company Metal Weather Strips /% ''-Sash Com PNRMTI ME Leakage C-KH. per ft Crack per mi/e wind Ve/urdg ft. r. //. aer hour oer ft. CracK joer mi/e tdind Ve/oci/u 70'rcm cpoimac/ntoa/ Mon** cm 4*4-00 '. /ntcrtocKmo cOeather Strtn j Tongue Sr aro.otse y/ eat6er strip 7/df<,/7 tie" ^ " rid " V4 " >S6" tiu\ rid" 1 (NF RTtt IN,F. am /Nf. &TU wr BT.U. INK am iNf. aw. INK BTUJNK BTtiXiNK BIU 2./ 2*5 ..S so .4 .SO .76 7 ,88\/.2 /s/ i.4 776/7 2/42.3 230 m 29 363 .4 .so S ,6J\ / .88 .9 7/SJ/S 764 /.S /p/^9 2jA2.4\ 3.02 m 17 406 .4 .so .6 76 .8 /.Of .S 7/J]/4 /.76 /6 2.0/20 2.SA2S 3/5 so 640 .4 .so .e .76 70/ /.O 724/4 776 /.6 aofdo 2522.7 3.46 Mote -. P/Crift or Non- stripped cmin doto figures are for bofh ^cr,:sfie i locked a/ meet/no rail if fre7/77 e s crre not ca/Xed add /3 Cu. ft. of air per /meat foo t f CTincK p er mife coind Ve/oc/tg r rertne - cm cK -He/ah t p iu s cutd/h X d dfSide/ cu. f/. per openifty per m //e coin d Ve/oct/tf for e/setvh re le-akctere lash perimeter = S X co/dth p/us dXNetght Tabic of BJ.u. losses Note.--The above figures for non-stripped window are based on sash being locked. Infiltration and B.t.u. losses are for 1 lineal foot of window crack of various widths and clearances. (See Diagram.) No allowance is made for leakage back of the frame, which should be caulked. For uncaulked frames, add 1.9 cu. ft. per foot of frame crack per hour of wind velocity. Frame crack equals width plus height X 2. Sash crack equals 2 X height plus 3 X width. Elsewhere leakage is 21 cu. ft. per opening per hour . per mile of wind velocity. Note.--Size of window does not affect the elsewhere leakage, as practically all the leakage is through the pulley holes. Twenty manufacturers of window sash and frames furnish information that standard construction calls for minimum clearance of `n- Sixteen universities fur nish information from actual micrometer measurements of sash and frame, that the maximum crack is 17/42 in. and the maximum clearance is 9/64 in. and the mini mum crack is 3/64 in., and the minimum clearance is 3/64 in. The average for buildings 10 years old is given as in. for the crack and 3/32 in. for the clear ance. Wind velocitiesshould be taken from government reports. ' MONARCH METAL WEATHER STRIPS Interlocking Type "Standard Control of Infiltration" Send for Data Sheets 359 Motors Reliance Electric & Engineering Co. Ivanhoe Road CLEVELAND, O. BRANCHES--Boston. New York. Philadelphia, Pittsburgh. Cincinnati. Detroit. Chicago. Birmingham. Ala. Sales to building industry in New York City are handled by Building Equipment and Machinery Co.. 39 Cortland Street. ELECTRIC MOTORS, Direct and Alternating Current Type T Heavy Duty Reliance Motor for Direct Current ` Type A A Reliance Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Motors and Controllers The Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company EAST PITTSBURGH, PA. Albany. N. Y. Atlanta. Ga. Bakersfield. Cal. Baltimore, Md. Birmingham. Ala. Bluefield. W. Va. Boston. Mass. Bridgeport. Conn. Buffalo. N. Y. Burlington. Ia. Butte. Mont. Canton. O. Casper. Wyo. Cedar Rapids. Ia. Charleston. W. Va. Charlotte. N. C. Chattanooga. Tenn. Chicago. 111. Cincinnati. O. Cleveland, O. Columbus. O. Dallas. Tex. Dayton, O. Denver, Colo. WESTINGHOUSE SALES OFFICES Des Moines. la. Detroit. Mich. Duluth. Minn. El Paso. Tex. ' Elmira. N. Y. Fort Wayne, Ind. Fresno. Cal. Grand Rapids. Mtch. Hammond. Ind.' . . Hartford. Conn. ` Houston. Tex. Huntington. W. Va. Indianapolis. Ind. Ishpeming. Mich. Jackson. Mich. Jacksonville. Fla. Kansas City. Mo. Knoxville. Tenn.- Little Rock. Ark. Louisville. Ky. Los Angeles. Cal. Madison. Wis. Memphis. Tenn. Middlesboro. Ky. Milwaukee. Wis. Minneapolis. Minn. Newark. N. J. New Haven, Conn. New Orleans, La. New York. N. Y. Niagara Falls. N. Y. Norfolk. Va. Oklahoma City. Okla. ` Omaha. Neb. Peoria. 111. Philadelphia. Pa. Pittsburgh. Pa. Portland. Me. Portland. Ore. Providence, R. I. Raleigh, N. C. Richmond. Va. Rochester. N. Y. Rock Island. III. Saco. Me. St. Louis, Mo. Salt Lake City. Utah San Antonio. Tex. San Francisco. Cal. Seattle, Wash. Shreveport. La. Spokane. Wash. Springfield, 111. Springfield. Mass. Syracuse. N. Y. Tacoma. Wash. Terre Haute. Ind. Toledo. O. Tucson. Ariz. Tusla. Okla. Utica. N. Y. Washington. D. C. Watertown. N. Y. Wichita, Kans. Wilkesbarre. Pa. Worcester. Mass. Youngstown. O. Hawaiian Electric Co., Ltd.. Honolulu, T- H. --Agent Motors and Control for all Kinds of Ventilating Equipment, Elevators, Pomps, etc. SS H. P. 190-S40 R- P. M. Type T. Reliance Motor Driving Ventilating Fan inCleveland Auditorium Type A A Reliance Motors Driving Ventilating Fans 10 H. P. 1160 R. P. M. Type T Reliance Motor on Air Washer Pump, Federal Reserve Bank, Cleveland; 84' Reliance Motors are used in this Building 0 H. P. 1800 R. P. M. Type AA Reliance Motors Driving Pumps, Fenway Hall. Cleveland Reliance Motors were used for all Venti lating Equipment in New Hotel Staller, Buffalo and Union Trust Bldg., Cleveland 360 Complete data on all types of Reliance Motors will be given gladly. Write tc our nearest branch Type SK Motor Driving Exhaust Fan Controlled by Type HS Panel. The Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. is in position to furnish complete electrical equipment for operating ventilating ap pliances, from the small blower for venti lating a single room to the automatic system for conditioning the air for the largest building. The motors and controllers offered for this service have been especially designed to suit the power and speed characteristics Ventilating Equipment in Seaboard National Bank New York. of fans and blowers. At the same time, quietness of operation has been retained. The long experience of Westinghouse in making successful applications of ventila ting equipments, is at the service of .Heat ing and Ventilating Engineers and they are invited to submit their ventilating prob lems to us for recommendations of electrical equipment that will produce the most satisfactory results at minimum cost. Data Desired in Applying Ventilating Motors Kind of Current. A-C.--Voltage, Phase, Frequency. D-C.--Voltage. Type, make, speed and size of fan or blower. Motor speed. Constant or Varying Speed. If the latter, the speed range and horse-power required at normal or maximum speed. Method of Connection. Intermittent or Continuous Service. 361 Pipe Fittings Crane Co. Chicago . Largest Manufacturers and Distributors of Pipe, Valves and Fittings in the World </i o ?& O2 CL, o xu z ei <a ! 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AsA. fA 3 A s s 3 101.! 160.; " ao <o V IAAO OfA' ft CAAOOO 1.636 1310 1.079 oo s N oo P A* A => ofAO n sAJ N A0 io 3 OA| ffAA ACpO. S sp mo *p 1 At co => ` ' l' = 3 * ft a A A* O ""5 5 o $ At A fA A p --: AO tIAr, fA p As O' AO a a -- A0 fA S s A " A __ __ -- A0 N fA O IA <03 fA p ffs _ - - N fA 4- <A OAO fIAA 3 >' _ p o w p tA >A _ _ IA tr. p p o AOOO O A1 S. OOO fA O lCAO _ o P o CO >ro __ w p U * s A N 0O O = ?5 aJ 3 i, sS fOA S 5 s IpA AO0 8 p IA p -- AO O' io & io & COL *O COL i i1 ao > ao & o aO 1 &O i a P o ao U. d *. 3 u a i. D i. Q L 3 u. u U. 111 a I a j. a i. a 362 1 1L ---- .657 .505 .177 .085 .066 .045 .034 .027 .734 .566 .376 .133 .096 .051 .038 .031 Crane Co. a S 5a gg, t/> i'S cW/> O2 -1 O to O^ HU H<So"i B* W <s 2 w* u> 2 s so u to. g.g 3 aH s XH to Q ZD O s s & uo. s o Pipe Fittings <T < N " no no A A CO fA ImA rA 9 no AO S s A a > A i a A 58 AA AS 3no no AO | A Ano no s3 A A RA o O' .390 .365 mt> S 8 8 o AO 3 g A AO fOA A 8 CO AO W As 8 A o AO' j> O A n A AA O no 5? A no no nAo o <0 n 3A o 3 AlA0 AO 3 S 3 - s aO = O' AA0s. A - 8 A A A 3 A0 3w AO OAs S sAs s AO 3 A A .640 AO AO 3A XAs 1 1 e IA 5 A0 AO A O' AO 8 A 8 ? A a 375, CA fA s A0 O' AO A O' 2 -- 3s mA lA A fA o OAOO I < a s 1 OO'' o AO A. O' A AAAOOO A 3 A A A n 3 AA A A sA A A a AA0 Oo* A A AAO0' soIA *0 3 fA CAO = AA O A OA0 A0 O 2 .768 .597 A O AO -- ` A W fs AO "1 3 ?! A IAA0 A0 fA As CO As AO AO 0's aO AW S5 A0 3 AO O AO W 8 .656 .508 CO 3 A AO s . . .755 .422 .214 001 IA c Oao' 3 A O A. fA o > W 9 2 1 AO A 3 A O A8 * 2 A AW s p 30 AJ 3A 518 .614 605 .993 35 50 75 5 s~ fA> fA fA c g A A 1 w AA A = s 2 O' 8 3 N s 8 AWO .905 .600 .336 AA no WA AO AS P AO A-- AW o sAO s" IAAO O AAO A0 1 SO E s A A A0 8 3 -- AoO w A " 8 8 .933 .664 .441 .247 .167 A A 3 As S N 3A s oo O N -- 1 3 AO 8 A At 3 W A O~ AO r -- o 3 A A At A AwA PS W A O pAW A 3 IPA0 s = - ? 5 A0 AO 9 A0 A AAA A 5 -- 1 3 A0 AN 2 AA O' AAO AO w 3 A O A At 15 IAA 1 AsA .910 .602 .452 .322 .214 .154 2fs. A AW O' s W _1 -- AO - A W O' AA0 3 ? A A o a CO AO A s A0 - ~ -- A .770 .509 .130 A 3 A0 A0 AO AOA w A 668 737 sIA + 3fA 8 AO' g 3 3 AO w 3 Si 3 AO' A0 fA -- - A0 AO w O 2 A OAs " A 381 8 fA r; ACO 1 A ------- S A0 %w 3 A3O 8 O' O' A 3 AS 3e O 3s _ C Flow 968 S s s' M ffAA 5A o 3 A0 " A i --- * A0 A AA S 3A0 AA 8 W A 5 * AAO 8 ? 8 Drop Flow Drop Drop Flow Drop Flow Flow Row Flow Drop *c Qo I a 2 SN Lu & Q J? ao >e QO * 6 E d ll < <0 i " 1 3J b. Q u. <: ac a 2 &Q ' po Q -- 363 .624 .220 .146 .106 .082 .056 .042 .034 .592 .279 .064 .976 .731 .520 .193 .098 .079 .069 .082 052 M l .049 Crane Co. a2< E-- 8g &Cu O o(w_ 2^ B 2 iHDd 2 i 6u u 2 2 u > H> UOJ (d > cQ/) 2" 2 DO Pipe Fittings Pumps Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Buffalo, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES New York, N. Y.. 39-41 Cortland St. ' Philadelphia, Pa.. 1301 Land Title Bldg. Boston, Mass., 177 State St. Cleveland, O. 368 Rockefeller Bldg. Pittsburgh, Pa.. 917 Union Trust Bldg. Detroit, Mich., Coon-DeVisser Co.i Chicaco, III.. 562 W. Washington Blvd. Washington, D. C., Washington Loan & Trust Bldg. Atlanta. Ga.. Candler Bldg. Indianapolis. Ind.. 1016 Fletcher Trust Bldg. St. Louis, Mo., 515 Chemical Bldg. Cincinnati, O. 607 Mercantile Library Bldg. Minneapolis. Minn., 120 South Ninth Bldg. Los Angeles. Calif.. 636 H. W. Heilman Bldg. Charlotte, N. C, J. W. Fraser & Co. New Orleans. La.. Woodward Wight & Co. San Francisco. Calif., 216 Pine St. Portland, Ore., 816-817 Lewis Bldg. Canadian Blower and Forge Co., Kitchener. Ont. Products Centrifugal Pumps For All Purposes--Single and Double Suction, Single and Multistage, Horizontal and Vertical. Steam Pumps--Duplex and Simplex, Inside Packed and Outside Packed. Vacuum Pumps and Condensers. Class S Double Suction Centrifugal Pump Horizontally divided casing. Exten sively used with air washers, and for circulating systems and booster service. Centrifugal Condensation Return Pump and Receiver Also built vertical with receiver pit. Especially adapted for low pressure boilers. Automatic in operation. 364 Duplex Steam Pump and Receiver Automatic Sump Pump Entirely automatic. Can be furnished Self contained. Ball bearing thrust with for high or low boiler pressure. automatic oil lubrication. Complete Catalogs Will Be Furnished Upon Request 365 i Pumps The Goulds Manufacturing Company PUMP MAKERS SINCE 1848 Branches - Atlanta New York Boston Philadelphia Main Office and Works SENECA FALLS New York Branches Chicago Pittsburgh Houston Washington, D. C. Goulds Pumps have been made for every service for more than three-quarters of a century and have an established reputation for reliable service, economy in operation, and conservative rating. Bulletins on power pumps give complete specifications of the standard types as follows: No. 100. Double-Acting. Single Cylinder Piston Pumjja. No. 101. Single-Acting Triplex Plunger Pumps, Outside-Guided Type. No. 103. Single-Acting Triplex Plunger. Pumpe, Large Capacity ana High Pressure Types. No. 104. Double-Acting Triplex Piston Pumps, Vertical Type. No. 105. Single Stage, Single Side Suction Centrifugal Pumps. No. 106. Vacuum and Stuff Pumps. No. 107. Deep Well Triplex Pumpe. No. 10S. Deep Well Working Heads and Cylinders. No. 109. Portable Mine Pumps. No-. 110. Single Stage, Double Suc tion Centrifu- gal Pumps. No. 111. Centrifugal Sump Pumps No. 112. Handy Data on Power . Pumping. , No. 113. Power Rotary Pumps. - Goulds Double Surtion No. 115. Double-Acting Duplex Centrifugal Pump and Triplex Plunger Pumps, Horizontal Type No. 116. Single-Acting Triplex Pressure Pumpe. No. 118. Centrifugal Fire Pumps. No. 119. Single Stage, Single Suction Centrifugal Pumps, Enclosed-Impeller GOULDS CENTRIFUGAL CEKTurucAL rvup un ntcr PUMPS No. 120. K^ulU-Stage Centrifugal Pumps for General Service. - No. 122. Centrifugal Pump Data. No. 124. Installation--Operation--Inspection, Goulds Centrifugal Pumps. No. 125. Single Stage, Double Suction Centrifugal Pumps. Pump Data Several units of interest to heating engineers and architects are shown here accompanied by data on capacity, speed, efficiency which will assist them in choosing the right Goulds pump for the service desired. Goulds Double Suction Centrifugal Pumps are the result of over 12 years of ' research and progressive development and are of exceptionally Kigh'efficiences. CASING.--Close grained iron, divided horizontally, the two castings bolted together. The lower half of the bearing housings are east internal with the lower half of casing. Casing is provided with air cocks, and with openings for priming and draining. IMPELLER: Cast iron, accurately machined and balanced. . __ ,, BEARINGS: Ring oiling type with split cast iron shells lined with babbit, supported in horizontally divided housings, securely locked against rotation or lateral motion. Shells are removable without disturbing rotating element THRUST BEARINGS: All pumps are provided with a self-align ing double-acting ball thrust bearing, running in an oil bath, which takes care of any unbalanced thrust due to uneven wear of sealing surfaces. SHAFT: Special alloy steel, heat treated, accurately machined to Figure Table of Capacities for Goulds Centrifugal Pumps Pump Pipe Sizes Approx. Capacity Gals, per Min. t Approx Standard Pulleys* Domestic No. Discharge Suction Mini In. In. mum Maxi Diameter Face mum In. In. Weight Lb. gauge. STUFFING BOX: Of extra long design with brass water seal ring and water seal piping. GLANDS: The glands are split horizontally, permitting the gland to be removed .and affording maximum space for repacking. They" are ad justed by swing bolts. CASING WEARING RINGS: Casing is equipped with bronze wear ing rings, which can berenewed as re-' quired, thus keeping the clearances to a minimum IMPELLER WEARING RINGS: Wearing rings on bronze impellers [5 5 6 400 800 8 6 1020 3065 6 6 8 600 1300 10 10 1325 8 8 10 1000 2700 12 12 2100 55 6 400 900 8 8 1275 3075 6 6 8 600 1500 10 10 1605 8 8 10 MOO 2900 12 12 2525 33 4 150 350 6 6 950 44 5 250 750 10 10 1270 3085 5 5 6 400 1000 10 10 1520 66 8 800 1700 12 12 2400 8 8 10 1300 3000 12 15 3425 22 3 50 250 6 6 1020 3095 3 3 4 200 450 8 8 1120 44 5 400 800 10 10 1585 fWeight includes other bedplate and ooupling for direct connected drive, or bedplate, can be furnished as an extra. pulley, pulley shaft, coupling and two pedestal bearings for belt drive. 366 The Goulds Manufacturing Co. Pumps FLEXIBLE COUPLING: A flexible coupling of the pin-and-buffer type is provided to connect the pump to prime mover or belt pulley shaft. - BED PLATE: Pump and prime mover are mounted.on a rugged cast iron bedplate of neat design, with a drip nanal around the four sides. Goulds " Pyramid" Double-Acting Piston Pump (Fig. 1678) is especially adapted for handling Condensation of Steam Heating Systems and for General Water Supply, Mine Service and Hot Water Pumping. Built in a single iron casting embodying the base, cylinder, bearings and one cylinder head, with the cylinder fitted with a renewable cast bronze lining and the piston fibrous packed, this pump is of strong and rigid construction. Gould* Pyramid Piston Pump Dimensions. Speeds, Displacements, Goulds "Pyramid" _______Pump Ratings Based on Pumping Cold Water. Weight . I Lb. 1 Geared . 1 Displ. per Rev. of Crank Shaft, Gal. Index No. . Regular Const. Pulleys Tight and Loose In. : Horse Power at i Catalog Rating Horse Power for Vacuum Service Suction In. Pistons E Q Usual Speed and Dis placement per Min. Rev. Gal. XC lU - P 7 eo -.5 Size Pipe & "u-S Q I | 2Vt 4 .130 39 5 .50 .50 700 IV* 2V, 5 .245 41 10 1.00 .50 1450 *VT 3V, 5 465 39 18 1.50 1.00 2600 2 4V, 5 .741 38 28 3.00 1.00 44X30 2/t 5V, 6 1.316 38 50 5.00 1.50 7000 3 l'A 5 to 1 8x2I/2 167801 170 \Vi 5 to 1 15x2V, 167802 295 2 5 to 1 15x3 167803 340 Wi 5 to 1 16x4 167804 525 3 5,to 1 20x4 167805 680 fFigures based on the condensation of one-third of a pound of steam per square foot of radiating surface per hour, which is a good average condition. Goulds Double-Acting Piston Vacuum Pump (Fig. 1049) has a displacement of 10,200 gal. to 81,000 gal. per hr. The waterways are so con structed that the valves at both ends of the cylinder are always submerged. The frame is of cast iron in one piece bolted to the cylinder, supporting the bearings and crosshead guides. These pumps are designed for Suction Box on Paper Machines, Vacuum Pans, Surface Condensers, and Vacuum System of Steam Heating. Gallons Pistons Displace ment per Min. Diam. In. Stroke In. Goulds Vacuum Pump--Dimensions and Displacements Displace ment I Rev. of Crank Shaft Vacuum Steam Heating Systems H. P. SqrFt. Re of Radi quired ation Sizes of Pipes R. P.M. Suction In. Dis charge In. Geared Single Pulley In. 170 8 10 4.28 gal. 3 24500 40 5 5 4 to 1 30x4 265 10 to 6.73 5 38000 40 5 5 4 to 1 30x5 385 12 10 9.72 " 5 55000 40 5 5 4 to 1 30x5 525 14 10 13.22 M T/i 75500 40 6 6 4 to 1 30x5 700 14 14 18.51 " to 100000 38 6 6 4 to 1 36x6 .1000 . 16 16 27.62 " 10 144000 37 8 8 4 to 1 36x6 1350 18 18 39.31 " 15 194500' 35 to 10 4 to 1 42x8 Figures based on the condensation of one-third of a pound of steam per square foot of radiating surface per hour, which is a good average condition. - Index No. Regular Bronze Fitted All Iron Fitted 104901 104902 104903 104904 104905 104906 104907 104908 104909 104910 104911 104912 104913 104914 The Goulds Sump Pump (Fig. 3029) is a standardized outfit built in one size only according to the dimensions given below. When the sump is full the float rises and actuate4:he switch which in turn starts the motor. When sump is drained, the float falls'and the motor is stopped. Electric current is used only when pump is running and the pump is always submerged ready to start work instantly. Ratings--Fig. 3029 Sump Pump with H H.P.--1725 R.P.M. Motor_______ with *4 H.P.--1450 R.P.M. Motor Gals, per Min.. 10 15 20 25 30 35 12 15 20 25 30 Head in Ft....... 24 22 20 18 16 13 15 14 13 11 8 Pumps Economy Pumping Machinery Co. 98-124 N. Curtis St., CHICAGO Works, JOLIET, ILL. New York Philadelphia Boston Baltimore Pittsburgh Cleveland Detroit Cincinnati Atlanta St. Louis New Orleans Denver Salt Lake City San Francisco Portland Los Angeles Seattle Minneapolis AUTOMATIC CENTRIFUGAL VACUUM AND BOILER FEED PUMPS Standard-Boiler Pressure 20 lb. . Unit No. Capacity Sq. Ft. Dir. Rad. Motor Horse Power Cubic Feet Return Air Connection per Min. Inches Shipping Weight Pounds Type 2234 Made for Boiler Pressures up to 100 lb. C. V. 1 C. V. 2 C. V. 3 C. V. 4 C. V. 5 C. V. 6 C. V. 7 C. V. 8 C. V. 9 C. V. 10 2,500 5,000 8,000 16,000 20,000 27.500 40,000 65,000 100,000 150,000 'V* 1 V/z 2 3 5 5 T/i 10 15 iy4 4 6 10 15 19 24 40 60 90 M/l 2 Wz 3 3 y/z 4 5 6 6 AUTOMATIC CONDENSATION PUMP AND RECEIVERS 650 750 900 1,025 1,150 1,300 1,550 1.800 3,100 4,000 No. of Unit Capacity *? Direct Radia Motor Horse Power Boiler Pres sure Lbs. tion Ca pacity Re ceiver Cals. Con densate Cab. per Min. at .25 lb. per Sq.Ft. Pump Ca pacity Gals. per Min. Approx. Shipping Weight U. Type tne Made for Boiler Pressures up to 125 lb. 5 6 6V7 7 7Vt 8 #/? 9 9V? to 1,000 2.000 3.500 5.000 7,500 10,000 (5.000 25.000 35.000 50,000 1/6 Vs M YV). 1 l Vz 2 3 5 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15 IS 15 II 13 16 20 26 33 41 49 57 82 /x 1 1/4 ih 3% 5 12'/i Im 25 HORIZONTAL DOUBLE SECTION SINGLE STAGE PUMPS 5 V/z 12 15 20 25 37 60 80 110 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 850 1,000 1.200 Size Discharge Inches Range of Capacity CP.M. Typ H Maximum Head in Ft. 1750 R.P.M. Type M Maximum Head.in Ft. 1750 RPiM. Type S.M. Motor Maximum H.P. Head in Ft. Depending I750R.PJS4. Upon Head Type 2236 Multi-Stage Pump Pressure up to 230 lb. for any * l`/4 I Vz 2 2 2 T/z 3 4 5 6 8 10 20- 40 40- 90 50- 75 75- 175 75- 125 125- 250 250- 400 400- 700 600- 900 800-1200 1000-2500 2000-3000 160 220 220 250 275 300 380 380 70 70 100 90 i id 130 i id 140 140 150 160 220 220 1 -2 1 -3 1 -5 2 - 7/j 7>/r- 15 10 - 35 15-40 15 - 75 15 -100 15 -150 15 -200 20 -400 CAPACITIES, SPEEDS AND POWER BILGE PUMPS AND SEWAGE EJECTORS Made in Single or Duplex Form (Any Capacity for any Head) Capacity in Cab, per Min. rpT..................... 35-40 40-50 60-75- W IVi'S. 2'US. 2'S. 1750 1750 1150 Vs I'/x m 85-100 %s- 2VfS. 1150 2 i'/2 115-125 V\S V S. 1750 1150 32 150 4' US. 1750 3 1150 2 Capacity. in Gab. Min. 1 200-250 ' 300-350 400-500 600-700 800-1000 Size.... 4" US. 4* US. 4#US, 5* USj Y US 6* S. 6' S. 6'S. 6* S. 8* S. 8'S. 5'H.S. Speed. .| 1750 1150 850 1150 850 1150 850 1 ISO 850 1150 850 680 H.P...J 3 3 3 5 5 5 T'h i'/i 10 10 10 Type 2104 368 Pumps The Nash Engineering Company South Norwalk, Conn., U. S. A. INDIANAPOLIS--821 Hume-Mansur Bldg. f CLEVELAND--1392 West 3rd Street KANSAS CITY--208 Mutual Bldg. DALLAS--1020 Dallas County Bank Bldg. LOS ANGELES--1824 S. Hope St. DENVER--518 Boston Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS--501 S. Sixth Street MONTREAL--84 Inspector Street SALFS DETROIT--Kerr Building HOUSTON--Southern Pacific Bldg. NEW ORLEANS--521 Baronne Street PITTSBURGH--Oliver Bldg. NEW YORK--350 Madison Ave. PHILADELPHIA--254 South 15th Street OFFICF9 SALT LAKE CITY--204 Dooly-Bldg. vr r SAN FRANCISCO--Sharon Bldg. PORTLAND--224 Pine Street BOSTON--Nottingham Bldg.. Copely Square SEATTLE--220 Railway Exchange ST. LOUIS--4200 Forest Park Blvd. BUFFALO--840 Ellicott Square TOLEDO--136 Huron Street CHICAGO--1220 Monadnock Block TORONTO--1001 Kent Bldg. WASHINGTON--710 14th Street. N. W. Jennings HYTOR Vacuum Pumps for Return Line Heating Systems, remove air and water and automatically return water to boiler or hot well. Pump consists of two independent units--a Hytor turbine air pump and a Jennings centrifugdt water pump--combined in one casing. Air and water are pumped separately, thus saving in horsepower is over 50 per cent and cost of current is reduced pro portionately. Requires one-third the space necessary for other apparatus.. Interior parts bronze. Moving parts revolve without contact, supported on annular ball bearings mounted outside casing. - Furnished direct connected to standard electric motors or for belt drive, also with steam turbine designed to operate at steam pressure of 75 lb., but this can be varied. Turbine units are designed to discharge condensate against boiler pressure not exceeding 20 lb. Jennings Unit Type Condensation Pump and Receiver This new Unit Type Condensation Pump and Receiver is essentially the same design as our well known Type M Jennings Return Line Vacuum Heating pump. The cut above shows the appear ance of the 5,000 sq. ft. unit. You will note that no piping between pump 'and receiving tank is necessary. The only connections are main return, water discharge and air vent. Companion flanges are furnished, making the installation of this pump extremely simple and economical. The pump is equipped with an intregalcast<bronze shaftmounted on motor shaft and supported by large motor .bear ings. The automatic control in this unit is enclosed in its metal cabinet and includes overload and phase failure protection for polyphase current. The wiring between motor and float switches is done in our shop. The automatic control is operated by a 6 in. seamless drawn copper ball on a 14 in. stem, giving ample power. Standard units are furnished in this design for any capacity up to 16.000 sq. ft. and can be supplied for 10 or 20 lb. gage pressure at the pump. Special bulletins are available describing this and our other products: STANDARD SIZES AND CAPACITIES, JENNINGS HYTOR VACUUM PUMPS Square Feet Size direct equivalent radiation surface Air Capacity cubic feet per min. ' Water Capacity gab. per min. 10 lbs. pres. I80F. Actual Horse Power R. P. M. Horse Power of Motor M 5,000 A 8,000 B 16,000 C - 26,000 D 40,000 E 65,000 F 100.000 G 150.000 H, 250,000 *3 6 II 19 25 42 75 90 180 8 .6 1700 ' 3/ II .9 1600 1 22 1.4 1600 1 Vz 35 2.0 1800 2 60 2.8 1200 3 90 3.9 1200 5 140 9. 1200 10 200 to. 900 to 400 19. 720 20 369 Pumps Skidmore Corporation 1535 Dayton Street General Offices and Factory CHICAGO, U. S. A. Set them as they come, connect returns, wire motor and run. Pumps Taylor Machine Works 85 S. Monroe St. Battle Creek, Mich. Manufacturers of Taylor Pumps and Patented Fuel Saving Devices Nos. 1 to 6 inclusive No. 0 . SKIDMORE HYDRO TURBINE VACUUM AND BOILER FEED PUMP Where a self-contained unit reliable and quiet in operation is desired the Skidmore will be found. _ Positive removal of air and water from the heating system and the return of water to the boiler. A unit of pleasing design of large capacity and maintained efficiency, occuying less than half the floor space of pumps for similar service, self-contained, all on one base with return connections close to floor with strainer arranged so that connections can be made to one or both sides as desired. Furnished with direct connected-motors for 10 and 20 lb. pressure, or up to 50 lb. if desired. For continuous service or with automatic vacuum control or automatic float control or both. . A strictly high grade product, bronze rotors and bronze fitted throughout, shaft carried on oversize bail bearings, no close clearances or rubbing parts. CAPACITIES FOR 10-in. Vacuum--10 and 20 lb. Pressure Size Capacity Cal. of Motor of Sq. Ft. of Water H. P. Pump Radiation per min. 10 lb. 0 5000 8 % 1 8000 11 1 2 16000 22 1 Vz 3 26000 35 2 4 40000 60 3 5 65000 90 5 Motor H. P. 20 lb. Size of Companion Flanges for Returns - Size of Discharge to Boiler Approx. Floor . Space Shipping Weight lb. 1 l'/2 I'/z 2 22 33 53 m3 i I8'rx44^ 580 m 22"x50" 650 I.V4 24"x52" 700 m 24"x56" 750 1'/2 24"x58" 850 2 30"x62" 1025 R. P. M. 1800 for all sizes. ` Above weights are for continuous service, add 75 lb. for automatic control. 370 6" Direct Connected to Motor, Right Hand Type Taylor Centrifugal Circulating Pumps can be used either in the flow or the return line of any hot water heating system. The pressure from the pump discharge increases the flow of water and when the by-pass valve is closed all the water flows in one direction. Each pump has a suction and discharge valve and by closing these valves it is possible to repack the stuffing box, or take out the impeller and shaft, without drawing the water from the system. brass gland stuffing box. . The main cast ing is of gray iron, but can be furnished brass-lined if desired. Made for right or left hand discharge and for belt or motor drive. For eco nomical operation, speeds listed here will give best results. Larger capacities can be furnished when so required. Price List and Data Taylor Centrifugal Circulating Pumps For Direct Motor Drive . The impeller is made of-hard brass with steel or bronze shaft if specified, and with Pipe Size In Inches Approx. GaU. per Min. Speed R. P. M. Power Required List Price Without Motor l'/i or l`/z 2 2'/z 3 4 or 4/2 5 6 7 or 8 15 20 25 35 45 65 95 150 I7S0 1750 1750 1750 1750 1750 1150 1150 '/. H. P. $ 95.50 M H. P. 102.50 :khp. 109.00 H H. P. 124.00 Vi H. P. 137.50 y. h. p. :152.75 1 :H. P. 179.75 P/t H. P. 217.85 Prices for 10 inljor 12 in. on application. 1 371 i *. Pumps PUMP DIVISION (See also Vapor-Vacuum Division) The Trane Company Let Crosse* Wis. BRANCH OFFICES New York Boston Philadelphia Buffalo Detroit Cleveland Chicago Seattle Albany Minneapolis Salt Lake City Atlanta ' Ft. Wayne Portland. Ore. Greensboro. N. C. England--22-23 Clerkenwell Close, London. E. C. 1 Canada--Thomas Robertson & Co.. Ltd.. 134 Craig St.. West. Montreal The Grant E. Cole Co.. 23 River St.. Toronto The Trane Systems of Vapor and Vacuum Heating, Patented Heating Specialties Trane Automatic Electric Pumps, For All Purposes Fig. 1. Duplex Type Condensation Pump Fig. t. Sled Tank Condensation Pump Fig. 3. Cad Iron Tank Condensation Pump CONDENSATION PUMPS. SINGLE AND DUPLEX, SIZES. STYLES. AND CAPACITIES For specifications and other information on these units turn to pages 374 and 375 following : | M otor H. P. - Minimum Gallons per Minute Maximum Pressure at Pump Pump No. j Pump No. Radiation in Sq. Ft. M in im um Gallons per Minute Motor H. P. Suggested Size of Piping Inches a i! 1 1 % 1 I& .s1 fii 313 if 1 1i <n ft. Radiation in Sq. Ft. Suggested Size of Piping Inches Shipping Weight Lb. Condensation Pump Complete 3 .? Jt $ .if :i Qf in t I ; | <A410 4.000 415 4,000 6-8 6-8 10 15 Vt V, 1 I 420 4,000 6-6 20 1 430 4,000 64 30 Vj 1 440 4.000 6-8 40 1 450 4,000 64 50 V, 1 460 4,000 64 60 y. 1 v610 6,000 9-12 10 1'4 615 6,000 9-12 15 y< PA 620 6.000 9-12 70 Vi PA 630 6.000 9-12 30 Vi HA 640 6.000 9-12 40 Vs l*A 650 6,000 9-12 50 1 HA 660 6,000 9-12 60 1 1'/. 810 8,000 12-16 10 Vi HA 815 8,000 12-16 15 Vi HA 820 8,000 12-16 20 l HA 830 8,000 12-16 30 IV; HA 840 8,000 12-16 40 850 8.000 12-16 50 ha \<A HA HA 860 6,000 12-16 60 m i y. 1010 10,000 15-20 10 1015 10.000 15-20 15 Vi Vs HA vA iv?1020 10,000 15-20 70 1030 10,000 15-20 30 IV, m\<h 1040 10,000 15-20 40 HA 1050 10.000 15-20 50 2 1060 10,000 15-20 60 2 325 325 325 325 325 350 350 475 475 475 475 475 525 525 450 600 450 600 450 600 500 700 500 700 500 . 700 500 700 500 700 500 700 525 750 550 800 550 800 550 800 550 800 525 750 525 750 525 750 550 600 550 800 575 850 575 850 1510 15,000 25-30 m Vs 2 1515 15,000 25-30 15 1 2 1520 15,000 25-30 20 HA 2 1530 15,000 25-30 30 HA 2 1540 15,000 25-30 40 2 2 1550 15,000 25-30 50 3 2 1560 15.000 25-30 60 3 2 525 750 525 750 525 750 550 800 575 850 600 900 600 900 2010. 20,000 30-40 10 Vs 2 2015 20,000 30-40 15 2 2020 20,000 30-40 21) 2 2 2030 20,000 30-40 30 3 2 2040 20,000 30-40 40 3 2 7050 20,000 30-40 50 5 2 2060 20,000 30-40 60 5 2 525 575 575 600 600 625 625 750 850 850 900 900 950 950 2510 25,000 40-50 10 1 2Vt 2515 25,000 40-50 15 HA IVi 7520 25,000 40-50 20 2 2'A 2530 25,000 40-50 30 3 2'A 2540 25,000 40-50 40 3 2550 25,000 40-50 50 5 2560 25,000 40-50 60 5 v*2A'AA 550 800 575 850 575 850 600 . 900 600 900 625 950 625 950 3010 30,000 50-60 10 1 2'A 3015 30,000 3020 30,000 5060 5060 15 70 HA 2 2V} l'/l 3030 30,000 5060 30 5 2`A 3040 30.000 5060 40 5 2'A 3050 30,000 5060 50 5 2'A 3060 30.000 5060 60 5 7>A 575 600 600 625 625 675 675 850 900 900 950 950 1050 1050 372 The Trane Company Pumps Fig. 4- TRANE VACUUM PUMPS Two-Motor Return Line Style- Fig. 6. . Single Unit Return Line. Fig. 6. Duplex Return Line. Fig. 7. Air Line For Specifications, etc. , see page 375 following TWO-MOTOR RETURN LINE VACUUM PUMPS SINGLE UNIT RETURN LINE VACUUM PUMPS Pump No. Capacity Sq. Ft. Capacity G. P. M. Pres sure at Pump Motor H.P. Air Water Shipping Weight Lb. Pump No. Capacity Sq. Ft. Capacity G.P.M. Pressure at Pump Motor H. P. Shipping Weight Lb. T6I0 T615 T810 T8I5 TI210 TI2I5 TI810 TI8IS T25IO T25I5 T30I0 T3015 6000 6000 8000 6000 12000 12000 18000 16000 25000 25000 30000 30000 9 9 ' 12 12 18 18 27 27 38 38 45 45 10 15 Vt >/, Vs 10 V, y. 15 Vi 1 10 Vs y. 15 Vs 1 10 y< 1 15 Vs 2 10 1 y. 15 1 2 10 1 i y? 15 l 2 650 650 700 725 775 800 825 850 875 900 900 925 R610 R6I5 R810 R8I5 R12I0 RI215 R1810 RI8I5 R30I0 R3015 6000 6000 8000 8000 12000 12000 18000 18000 30000 30000 9 <0 y. 450 9 15 1 475 12 10 l 475 12 IS P/l 500 18 10 l 600 18 IS Wi 625 27 10 I'/l 625 27 15 2 650 45 10 2 675 45 . 15 3 725 AIR LINE VACUUM PUMPS DUPLEX RETURN LINE VACUUM PUMPS fpKp Capacity Sq. Ft. Capacity G. P.M. Pressure at Pump Motor H. P. Shipping Weight Lb. RD6I0 RD6I5 RD810 RD8I5 RDI2I0 RDI215 RD1810 RDI8I5 RD30I0 RD3015 6000 6000 6000 8000 12000 12000 16000 18000 30000 30000 9 9 12 12 18 18 27 27 45 45 10 Vs 700 15 1 725 10 1 750 15 Wi 800 10 650 15 l'/l 875 10 m 875 15 2 900 10 2 1000 15 3 1200 Pump No. Capacity Sq. FL Motor H. P. Shipping Weight Lb. 8A 6000 I6A 16000 30A 30000 'A V. 1 350 400 450 Note--Motors of 1)4 h. p. and larger on a. c. include magnetic type of starter having thermal relays and give protection against phase failure. Under voltage release is also provided with auto ' control. . Water Pump Capacities Based on Water at 180 deg. fahr. See General Information on pages 374-375, following SMALL SIZES ONLY LISTED HERB. WRITE FOR information on large capacity equipment 373 The Trane Company Pumps BOOSTER AND CIRCULATING PUMPS --see next page for specifications, etc.-- PERFORMANCE TABLE All speeds 1725 r. p. m. except those marked in note. Note--Pumps marked Cll. C12 and C15 are to run.at 1200 r. p. m. to give the rated performance. Pumps for brine service will in most cases take the next larger commercial size of motor than the one given here due to higher specific gravity of the brine. Fig. 8 Trane Circulating Pump G. P. M. Feet Head 10 20 30 40.. 50 60 80 100 125 ISO 175 200 225 15 Pump No.... Cl Cl Cl C2 C2 C6 H. P.............. 'A V. Vi y. 10 Pump No.... Cl Cl Cl Cl C3 C6 H. P.............. V. 'h >A 20 Pump No.... Cl C2 Cl C3 C3 Cl H. P.............. v* `h 'h >/. I'h 1 2 2. 30 Pump No.... C2 Cl C3 C3 C4 C4 H. P............ Vi 'h y. 150 Pump No.... C2 C3 C4 C4 C4 C5 R P........ . V. l`/i pa 1 3 275 Pump No.... C4 C4 C4 C4 C5 C5 H. P.............. i'/i i 'h Wl 35 100 H. P.............. 2CIS CIS CI4 C14 CM 35 m 1C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 I'h i'h I'h C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 tv. I'h I'h I'h 2Cl C7 C7 C8 C8 Wl 1 33 2 2C7 C7 C8 ca C8 C8 C8 335 55 C5 5 C9 5 CIO 5 Cll 'I'h Cll i'h 0120 0120 C5 5 C12 7'A 02 02 m 7'/z 0120 10 06 IS 15 0260 125 RP........... 2 10 20CIS CIS CI4 CI4 CM 3 5 5 .i'h 06 06 15 15 10 20150 Pump No___ CI5 CI5 CIS CI4 CM CM CI6 06 06 H. P.............. 3 3 5 5 I'h I'h 15 200 Pump No.... CI5 Cl 5 CIS CI5 CI6 CI6 CI6 06 06 10 20H. P.............. 3 3 5 5 I'h 15 Receiving Tank sizes, styles and Capacities for standard Trane Condensation and Vacuum Pumps Pump No. Style of Operating Tank Capacity.Cal. 400 Series 600-1000 1500-3000 T600T800-1200 T1800-3000 R600 R800-1200 R1800-3000 Cast Iron 20x30 steel 20x40 steel Cast Iron 20x30 steel 20x40 steel Cast Iron 20x30 steel 20x40 steel 5 to 6 gal. 22 gal. 30 gal/ 5 to 6 gal. 22 gal. 30 gal. 5 to 6 gal. 22 gal. 30 gal. LARGER PUMPS Write for data on larger sizes, and also on hori zontal split shell pumps. 374 The Trane Company Pumps CENTRIFUGALS Used on Condensation, Circulating, Booster,' and Vacuum Pumps Guarantee--Every Trane Pump is guar anteed to deliver its rated capacity against the head or pressure for which it is sold. In addition it is guaranteed against all mechanical defects for a period of one year. AIR UNITS Used on Trane Vacuum Pumps, Air Line, and Return' Line Parts of Standard Trane Single Stage'Centrifugal Pump. This construction used only in the smaller sizes Pump--Trane single stage low pressure pumps are of the centrifugal type with vertical split casing and .vertical split impeller, arranged so pump-may be easily taken apart for inspection. Volute-^-(Casings) Close grained cast iron, carefully machined. Made of special materials where liquids other than water are to be handled. Bearings--Ball bearings, ring, waste packed, and chain oiling types, depending on size and style of pump. Theyare entirely removed from all contact with liquid being pumped. Turbo-Glyco Babbitt bearings, enclosed in bronze shell. Thrust taken care of by Ball Thrust Bearings. Impellers--Brass, enclosed type; especi ally designed for the particular service to be rendered. Exactly balanced. Vane plate and impeller plate made separately; easy to clean where dirty or gritty liquids are handled. . Shafts--Steel. No deflection. Parts of Standard Trane Air Unit A glance at the above engraving shows gearless, valveless simplicity. Non-re ciprocating. The discharge plates and block-off ring are made of toughest bronze. The impeller is bronze too, perfectly aligned and hydraulically balanced. It revolves on Ball Thrust Bearings. And the result is a quiet pump; an efficient pump; and an everlasting pump. ... Straight Line Action Air enters top of each bucket and leaves through the bottom once only per revo lution. Greater efficiency. Greater separation of air inlet and outlet. No priming or recirculation. No close clearances, anywhere. High speed efficiency. Packing Glands--Brass. Metallic braided packing used always. . Couplings--Pin and fendless belt type, liberally oversized. Base--Cast iron, heavily ribbed. An absolutely rigid foundation. Motors--Wagner, Westinghouse or G. E., depending on service to be rendered. Trane Centrifugal Pumps are used on all Trane condensation units up to 20 lb. pressure, on all circulating units to 75 ft. head, and on booster and return line One Moving Part A perfectly aligned and hydraulically balanced impeller that revolves on balk thrust bearings. A quiet pump. Nothing to leak or wear. Less motor load. . , No permanent water supply needed. One air inlet and one air outlet. No leaky stuffing boxes. . vacuum units. .. .. The Trane Company specializes in pumping equipment required ^ in the mechanical equipment of buildings. A complete line of pumps of the classes men tioned above, suitable for any conditions that may ordinarily be encountered, is carried. I ' The air follows the arrow 375 Radiator Hangers and Sleeves Bell. Broad 2594 Farley Sleeve & Hanger Go. J. W. Farley. Manager 3748 E. 71st St., S. E. Cor. FLEET AVENUE (NEAR BROADWAY) Cleveland, Ohio Manufacturers of "Grab-On" Fire Resisting Floor and Wall Sleeves, Floor, Ceiling and Wall Plates, "Grab-On" Hangers, Hanger Bars, Inserts . ___ . Adjustable Radiator Hangers and Anchors FIRE RESISTING "GRAB-ON" SLEEVES AND HANGERS The "Grab-on" Adjustable Fire Resisting Sleeves and Hangers are designed for and used in the largest and smallest buildings-such as Federal Banks, Hospitals, Schools, Factories and Residences. They are fire, smoke and water-proof. A special Sleeve is made exclusively for Hospital work. This type is made with or without Plates. Without Plates when covering pipes in rooms the covering can be fastened to the Sleeve to allow expansion and contraction and to hold the covering against the ceiling. This Sleeve can be opened in four parts and can be put on after the pipe is up as well as when the pipe is being erected. All Hangers are. made of Hot Rolled Steel and have 3 in. adjustment. The.Hooks on the Radiator Hangers are made to fit any radiation when specified. ThesejHarigers can be fastened to any type of wall and by making it possible jfd?HSng the radiation on the wall it is easy to clean underneath the radiators. This is particularly desirable in offices, schools and hospital: Expert workmanship and high grade materials do their part in stamps ing Farley specialties as quality products. Prompt attention to all inquiries and quick deliveries are included in our service to architects, engineers and contractors. . . 376 Radiator Hangers A. F. Gleockle, Jr. 415 Bay Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Sales Representatives In Principal Cities GLEOCKLE Wrought Iron Adjustable WALL and Column Radiator Brackets (Patented March 23, 1920) There is a Gleockle Radiator Bracket for every requirement in heating factories, office and public buildings, churches, stores and residences where radiation must be hung on walls, ceilings, etc. Every Gleockle bracket is of sturdy wrought iron-- servicable and durable. Several styles, and their application are shown. No. 1 Gleockle Wall Radiator Bracket Supports 7' and 9' Vertical Wall Radiators. List Price, 12.50 No. 1. Gleockle Bracket used on Sawtooth or Sky light construction. List Price, $4.50 No. 2. Gleockle Wall Radiator Bracket supports 5', 7' or 9' Hori zontal or 5' Verti cal Wall Radiators. List Price, $2.50 No. 9. Gleockle Column Radiator Bracket. Made to Support Single, Two, Three and Four Column Radi ators. < List Price. $2.50 No. I. Gleockle Wall Radiator Bracket Supporting Double Row of Wall Radiation. Specify for use on 5\ 7' or 9', Vertical or Hori zontal wall radiators. Gleockle Brack ets Support the radiators 2" from Wall, and are adjustable, strong and flexible. Radiator Hangers Healy-Ruff Company Minneapolis, Minn. AGENTS IN THE FOLLOWING CITIES - UNITED STATES Atlanta, Ga.. Charlotte, N. C,, Richmond, Va., Pittsburgh, Pa., Indianapolis, Ind., ..........San Francisco, Calif., Seattle, Wash., Spokane, Wash., New York City, Denver, Colo., Sioux Falls, S. D., Des Moines, Ia.. Detroit, Mich., Amsterdam, N. Y-, Chicago, III., Cincinnati. O., Toledo, O., St. Louis., Mo, Birmingham. Ala., Kansas City, Mo., Omaha. Neb., Wichita, Kan., Dallas, Texas, Milwaukee, Wis., Buffalo, N. Y.. Davenport, Ia., Philadelphia, Pa.. Boston, Mass., Cleveland, O., Columbus, O., Los Angeles, Calif., Baltimore, Md., Washington. D. C., Memphis. Tens., La Crosse. Wis., Ironwood, Mich., Nashville, Trnn., Butte, Mont. CANADA . Toronto, Vancouver, Halifax, Montreal, Winnipeg, Ottawa, Calgary Manufacturers of E-Z Radiator Hangers . Write Dept. 565, Plymouth Bldg. E-Z Radiator Hangers are designed to hang all Wall and Column Radiation of any make. They have both vertical and horizontal adjustments, and are de signed to anticipate the use of tempera ture control valves. Only one bolt per hanger. No accu rate placing of anchor -bolts required: Washer at top makes hanger absolutely invisible. . Style "R",shown below, places radiator 134 in. from wall, but is not adjustable for baseboard. Convertible, with parts No. 5 and No. 8, into Style "H", which places radiator 234 in. from wall and provides for baseboard adjustment. TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS Where Baseboards Are Used All radiation, unless otherwise noted shall be supported on wall by means of E-Z Radiator Hangers, Style "H" as manufactured by the Healy-Ruff Co., Minneapolis, Minn., or equal and ap proved in writing by the Architect arranged to support the radiator 2)4 in. from the wall and with baseboard adjust ment. Where Baseboard Adjustment is ' Not Desired All radiation, unless otherwise noted, shall be supported on wall by means of E-Z Radiator Hangers, Style "R," as manu factured by the tjgaly-Ruff Co., Minne apolis, Minn., or^qual and approved in writing by the Architect, arranged to sup port the radiator 134 in. from th^^^j^P Style "R'\ Hanger, Without baseboard adjustment - 'J-j Style "H" Hanger, anthbaseboard adjustment 378 Radiators and Hangers Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. > Originators of Wall Radiation Bulletin Building Philadelphia, Pa. FOWLER & WOLFE WALL RADIATORS Made in six sizes-- 10 sq. ft. section; 24" x 1334" x 3-34" 9 sq. ft. " 24" x 13" x 3-34" 7 sq. ft. " 24" x 1234" x 3" 6 sq.ft. " 21" x 1234" x 3" 5 sq. ft. " 17" x 1234" x 3" 354-sq. ft. " 17" x 934" x 3" All made in vertical and horizontal forms; 9 sq. ft. and smaller sizes in. Plain or Ornamental patterns; 10 sqMt. Plain only. Test pressure, water, regular:--100 lb. Special up to 400 lb. . For Bay Windows of practically any angle, and curves of radius of not less than 6 ft. '. 9 Ft. Plain Section Ft. Bath Room Radiator 17" x 934" x 3"; Plain and Ornamental Patterns. . No. 30 (Cast Iron) Adjust able Hanger--For radiators of vertical or horizontal sec tions. Has swinging hook . pro viding for expansion and con traction of radiator and is adjustable, upward or down ward, 1 in. by means of set screw, before or after placing radiator in position. Cross head is- slotted for bolt to secure radiator to hanger. No. SO Hanger Our Catalog Ffully illustrates and describes our Wall Radiators; also an extensive variety of Hangers and Supports, adjustable and non^adjustable, to meet practically any requirement. ' 379 Refrigerating Equipment The Brecht Company 1201 Cass Avenue ST. LOUIS, MO. New York, N. Y. Chicago, 111. Buenos Aires Hamburg MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION You are continually confronted with the problem of selecting mechanical refrigeration which will meet the needs of each individual cooling installation you are called upon to design. It is frequently your desire to call in a refrigeration engineer for suggestions, diagrams and plans. ` Having the facilities to manufacture both refrigeration machinery and coolers, we take the initiative of recommending the most appro priate and practical solution for each problem. The Brecht Com pany is always at your service. Our engineering staff is immediately available for consultation. ' Brecht Products and Service include Pipe Coils, Motors, Control Apparatus, Insulating Materials, Cooling Towers, Valves and Specialties. 380 Refrigerating Equipment Pennsylvania Engineering Co. Office and Works--1119-21 North Howard St. Philadelphia, Pa. Engine Driven Compressor Engineers, manufacturers ami buildersof "The Famous Pennsylvania" Refrigerating- and Ice-Making plants. Complete plans for.refrigerating and Ice-making plants. Alt materials for such plants, especially Ammonia Fittings, which are carried in stock at all times. .. We manufacture "The Famous Pennsylvania" refrigerating equipment in sizes suitable to any ordinary requirement, for steam, gas or electric drive. Our machines are made in both horizontal and vertical types for belt drive, or direct-connected to Corliss or slide valve engines. Every part of our machinery is of such generous proportions that we have never had a broken shaft, bed-plate, cylinder or bearing. All machinery which we furnish is guaranteed against defective material or workmanship, for a period of one year. Our Suction and Discharge Valves and Stuffing Boxes are of special design, insuring long life and permanence of adjustment. In addition to the time-tried mechanical equipment itself, we offer to prospective purchasers of refrigeration a broad and com prehensive experience in the application of refrigerating machinery; an experience embracing hundreds of installations for widely varied purposes. We will be glad to send upon request, an illustrated booklet showing many of our installations and containing detailed data upon design, construction, size and dimensions of our machines. Suction Valve Exterior of Cylinder Discharge Valve EXTERIOR OF CYLINDER Showing arrangement of piston, valves and water jacket. The piston is made of steel in one piece and cored out to reduce the weight to a minimum. 381 Sheet Metal Workers * I farrier fonstrnctioq fompany I INCOnPOBATCD 750 Frellnghuysen Ave. Newark, N. J. , SHEET METAL ARTISANS Design, Fabrication and Installation Light Machine Work, Acetylene and Electric Welding. Special Work requiring Unusual Facilities and Expert Workmanship; Carrier Diffuser Outlets and Aertite Doors. The Carrier Construction Co. is equipped. with every facility for the fabrication arid' in-: stallation of sheet metal work, light machine work, acetylene and electrically welded work, pipe work, and special apparatus involving work of this general character. ." ' We are not in position to accept contracts for standard pieces, except in large quantities, nor do we solicit small repair or maintenance work. But we are especially well fitted to undertake new work of special nature, such as duct systems for heating and ventilating installations; exhaust systems for buffing and grinding wheels, and for the removal of shavings, dust, fumes, gases, or vapors; collecting systems; and similar work in volving the fabrication of sheet metal up to %-in. plate--and heavier in certain instances. We are experienced in design as well as con struction, so that we can undertake to collaborate with the client in the fabrication of special apparatus. We invite correspondence and we will be glad to send descriptive catalog upon request. Carrier Aerlite Door We manufacture in quantity, for sale to the trade, the Carrier Diffuser Outlet and the Carrier Aertite Door. Both are die-stamped of best galvanized metal and furnished ready for installation. . Carrier Diffuser Outlet Top ` 'phaniomed " The Aertite Door is neat, strong and air-tight. It adds greatly to the appearance of the job and is so easily installed, by merely clinching the flanges, that the saying in labor practically pays for the door. Made in three sizes, 10x16 in., 16x24 in. and 24x36 in. The scientifically designed Diffuser Outlet, with adjustable volume vanes, not only improves the appearance of the whole job, saves labor and installa tion expense, but affords uniform air diffusion over entire area of outlet, at any degree of opening. Made in five sizes, 9x10 in., 10x15 in., 15x15 in., 15x21 in. and 15x27 in. . Prices upon request. Prompt delivery from stock. 382 Specialties, Heating Barnes & Jones 5 Melrose Street BOSTON, MASS. Modulating Vapor and Vacuum Heating Apparatus--Condensators, Blast Traps, Vent Traps and Modulating Hot Water Valves BARNES & JONES VALVES Cover and trimmings of valve highly polished making very neat appearance. Double diaphragm of tempered phosphor bronze allows wide range of travel with mini* mum strain. Factory adjusted. Seat passes maximum amount of dirt. Designed so that no-dirt or scale can accumulate. Lugs located under threads. Free and direct passageway clogging with dirt. prevents Tail piece made long for easy connection to radiators. Tail piece and union nut made extra heavy to prevent breakage. Strength where strength is required. Made of best grade cast composition throughout. Modulation Valve Smallest size valve 04") made with 54" outlet connection so that no )4" pipe need be used on the installation. Dark finish coca bola wood handle free to turn so that it cannot bind and split. - Non-rising spindle--easy turning--quick opening. Polished trimmings making very neat appearance. Large dial--easy to see what pointer indicates. Tail piece made long for easy connection to radiator. Tail piece and union nut made xtra heavy to prevent breakage. Strength where strength is required. Lugs located under threads. . Renewable disc. Generous and unobstructed passages so that scale and dirt cannot lodge. Made of best grade cast composition throughout. Does not require repacking. Radiator Equipped with Barnes & Jones System Only one valve to operate --quick opening--placed at top of radiator. No leaks from either valve. Radiator may be heated fraction ally from smallest amount to full hot. No air valve required. wuiUwUiUiil Return valve or trap automati cally closes in .the presence of steam and opens to remove water of condensation and air inde pendently of varying pressure conditions. Noiseless in operation THE RESULT OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS EXPERIENCE 383 Specialties, Heating The Bishop & Babcock Co. The Massachusetts Blower Co. General Offices CLEVELAND New Yore, 444 .Lafayette Street Cincinnati, 1025 Central Avenue Denver, 1724 Lawrence Street Pittsburgh, 412 Third Avenue Dallas, 1106 Commerce Street St. Paul, 680 E. Minnehaha Street St. Louis, 210-212 South Broadway Atlanta, 60 W. Mitchell Street Chicago, 112 West Austin Avenue , The B & B Line The World's Most Complete Line of Heating Specialties The \B f? B Multiflex Traps are used for draining Radiator Drip and Blast Coils of Air and Condensation. SCHEDULE OF MULTIFLEX TRAPS Size Capacity Vapor Capacity Vacuum Weight 200 500 1' 1,000 250 600 (.100 ZVj 3 3Vi The Positive Type Thermostat is of such construction that it is either fully open or tightly shut, that is, there is no intermediate position. It is used exten sively on 1-pipe steam systems. The Graduate Type Thermostat is of such construction that it throttles, that is, it will maintain a valve in an inter mediate position. It is used extensively on vacuum and vapor systems. The Compound Type Thermostat is a combination of both Positive and Gradu ate types. The positive feature operates radiators, while the Graduate feature is utilized to operate dampers, i. e. the ven tilating in a split system or partly direct, and partly indirect system of heating. Single Width Squirrel Cage Fan Positive or Graduate Type Thermostat THE B & B LINE OF ALL-METAL THERMOSTATS The B & B All-Metal Thermostat is fur nished in special types for all vapor and steam heating installations where positive heat control is essential. The B & B All-. Metal Thermostat, used in conjunction with the B & B Multiflex Pneumatic Valve, gives a most complete and efficient tem perature control system. | THE B & B LINE OF MASSACHUSETTS MODIFIED SQUIRREL CAGE FANS The Modified Squirrel Cage Fan is made single width, single inlet, when it is used as an exhauster. When used as a blower, fans ranging from size No. 1J4 and up can be equipped with two inlets with housing of single width. Fans with two inlets have a different characteristic from single inlet as the tip speed will average about 5 per cent lower for a given volume and pressure. 384 s''--' - Specialties, Heating Central Heat Appliances J. G. Hornung, Engineer 343 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111. Hornung Pressure and Temperature "Master Control" PRODUCTS Pressure and Temperature Control Valves. Steam Traps; Expansion Joints; Pipe Coverings; Line Material; Hornung Differential System of Hot Water Heating by Forced Circulation for Central Sta tions and Industrial Plants. Designs furnished. HORNUNG PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL VALVES--MASTER CONTROL The Master Control was designed for control of steam heat as served from a Central Heating Plant. It is a combina tion of two valves in one, in which the lower diaphragm operates to control the pressures while the motor mounted on top of the valve operates to close off the steam when no heat is required in the building. These valves are made inter changeable so that the Motor Driven Temperature Control may be attached to the Pressure Control at any time. The temperature control is also furnished without the pressure control diaphragm. The list given below covers the pressure valve, Style P, furnished with either rub ber or metal diaphragm; the pressure and temperature control valve, Style P and T (illustrated above), furnished with either metal or rubber diaphragm; and tempera ture control valve, Style T. HORNUNG REMOTE CONTROL The Hornung Control can also be used very successfully as a remote control of steam or water, and may be actuated from a distance by a hand switch instead of a thermostat. Quotations and other details supplied oh request. TABLE OF VALVE ASSEMBLIES WITH THERMOSTAT EQUIPMENT Size of Valve Inches 1 ('/ \'/i 2 2Vt 3 3*/j 4 O/l 5 6 7 8 10 12 Capacity Radiation 300 450 750 1500 2500 4000 5500 7000 8500 10,000 12,000 13,500 15,000 17,500 20,000 Weight Style P 30 32 36 40 45 75 85 100 115 (35 (60 200 260 320 430 Weight Style P&T 105 107 110 1(5 120 ISO 160 175 (90 2(0 235 275 335 395 505 Weight Style T 90 92 95 100 105 135 140 (55 (70 190 205 235 285 355 455 2833 385* Specialties, Heating Combustion Specialties Corporation Walter S. Timmis. past president of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers has written an extensive report on COMBUSTO' Draft System from which the following paragraphs are quoted. (Complete report will gladly be for- warded on request.) Manufacturers of ICOmIMOI SYSTEM 250 West 54th Street, New York ' For Heating Plants Saves coal and labor; maintains even heat with less draft. ' For Power Plants Higher evaporation per pound of coal eliminates smoke ' Mr. Timmis states. "To secure the most eco- nomica! results in combustion for heating it is necessary to use the proper amount of air under the fuel bed for the distillation of the gases and the correct amount of air properly diffused, preferably heated and delivered over the'fire bed in order to complete the combustion by burning the distilled gases--in brief--an efficient boiler is a gas producer having means for consuming gas produced.'* . WHAT COMBUSTO IS To quote Mr. Timmis further, "Combusto is a system carefully studied, tested and developed for each individually different case and provides, means for supplying the necessary diffused and heated air (oxygen) over the fire to properly com plete in the second stage the combustion begun in the fuel bed by distillation of gases." UNIQUE AND FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENT FOUND IN COMBUSTO "Perhaps the most important feature of Com busto is the resistance to the flow of air through the apparatus itself, which is made to equal the resistance of the fuel bed, thus producing a balanced condition above and below and through the fuel bed--a fundamental requirement for correct and economical combustion which is Ignored in regular furnace .and boiler design. WHAT COMBUSTO DOES (See illustration of COMBUSTO equipped plant below.) "Combusto is of cast iron cellular structure, the air is heated on passing through this structure and is then discharged through a large number of small apertures over the fire bed. The amount of air thus admitted having been carefully computed for the required conditions, the result is practically perfect combustion, which to the user of Combusto results in-- ` Economy of fuel Fewer firings Complete combustion of fuel, hence-- A finer ash and reduction of clinker Elimination of coal gases Means for producing a steady even heat." COAL WASTED (Left) Without Combusto, a checked fire produces no dependable results. The gases that distill from fuel bed are a total loss. Heat can be produced only by speeding up stack draft. This is wasteful and re quires frequent attention. COAL SAVED (Right) With Combusto, all gases are burned completely with Bunsen blue flame with stack draft continu ously checked to minimum. Hence, amount of gas made can be regulated to amount of heat needed by simple adjustment of the ash pit damper. '- SPECIFICATION: The following,clause adopted since 1916 by one of the largest railways in the United States is suitable as a standard specifica tion in connection with low pressure hot water or heating boilers or warm air plants. "Equip all boilers (warm air furnaces) with Combusto of size recommended by Combustion Specialties Cor poration's engineers." STYLES: Combusto is manufactured in 28 basic styles--each style is capable of adjustment to meet specified conditions. Suitable styles are manu factured for practically any type of heating plant and for all sizes and grades of fuel. PRICES: Prices range from $25.00 on small house-heating plants to $150.00 on largest low pressure heating boilers. Definite estimates can at once be. submitted if manufacturer's name and number of boiler is sent to us. - A FEW NOTABLE INSTALLATIONS Daniel Guggenheim Estate Clarence EL Mackay Estate - Otto Kahn Estate ' George Eastman (Eastman Kodak Co.) Garford Motor Truck Co. U. 8. Department of Labor . John J. Bausch (Bausch A Ldmb) Firestone Tire A Rubber Co. ' Frederick G. Erbe (Yawman A Erbe) Childs Co.. 52 installations D. L. A W. Railroad, 40 installations Bank of the Manhattan Co., 26 inat. - 386 Specialties, Heating G. M. Davis Regulator Company 407 MILWAUKEE AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. Since 1875 Manufacturers of Better Valve Specialties Davis Piston Type Pressure Regulator (.4 ny service pressure) Davis Back Pressure Valve Davis Piston Type Regulator For reducing high pressure steam down to any service pressure. Patented inner valve design in sures proper regulation regardless of velocity. Lever gives visible operation and makes hand testing possible. Oil dash pot insures steady action. Sizes A to 14 in. Davis Back Pressure Valve The original semi-balanced exhaust line valve for maintaining a given back pressure. Has double seated piston disc--operates noiselessly--requires comparatively small counterweight, patented disc and seat construction prevents sticking. May be used horizontally or vertically. Sizes 2 to 30 in. Angle valves made to order. Davis Steam Trap . Double cone shaped balanced valves give con tinuous flow--unusually large capacity--handle any pressure--take care of widely fluctuating load. All vital parts are renewable and quite accessible. Sizes A to 3 in. . Other Davis Valves A 64 Page catalog showing a number of pressure regulating devices not here illustrated will be sent on request. Tell us about your special problems in pressure control--we may be able to be of service. i HVC. I4-F-GTC 387 Davis Steam Trap . Specialties, Heating C. A. Dunham Co. Administrative and General Offices: 230 East Ohio Street, Chicago Factories at Marshalltown, Iowa, and Toronto, Ont., Canada BRANCH SALES OFFICES: . Birmingham. Boston. Cheyenne. Chicago. Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas. Davenport, Denver. Des Moines. Detroit. El Paso. Indianapolis. Kansas City. Los Angeles, Louisville, Milwaukee, Minneapolis. New York, Philadelphia. Pittsburgh, Portland (Ore.), Rochester, St. Louis. Salt Lake City, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Troy, Washington. C. A. DUNAHM CO., LTD. General Offices and Factory, Toronto, Ont. ... BRANCH SALES OFFICES: Calgary, Montreal. Ottawa. Toronto, Winnipeg, Vancouver London, England FOREIGN SALES OFFICES _ Distributors: Munsing & Co.. Paris, France 47 Rue Fontaine-au-roi Manufacturers of Specialties for The Dunham Systems of Heating This Service is delivered through 70 Branch and Local Sales Offices throughout the United States and Canada, back of which organization are two modern and complete factories. Dunham Heating Service co-operates intimately with Consulting Engineers, Architects and Heating Contractors. Products It consists of two major parts, a body and a cover. The operating member, the Ther Specialties for use in connection with mostatic Disc, is securely placed in the The Dunham System of Heating, known cover. The Trap has a very large valve according to its several adaptable forms opening lift. There are no detached loose as The Dunham Home Heating System; parts in the path of flow, nor sliding con The Dunham Return System and The tacts, nothing to gum up, and no guide or Dunham Vacuum System--all two-pipe pin to obstruct the valve opening. The systems, and The Dunham Air Line action of the disc is positive and the valve System for use on cdfinection with one-pipe seats squarejy. The body is standardized, steam systems. also the cover and disc, giving the further These specialties are Dunham Radiator advantage of interchangeable parts. Traps; Dunham Blast Traps; Dunfiam The traps conform with the standard Air Line Valve; Dunham Return Traps; dimension of 334 in. from center of trap to Dunham "D" Style Medium Pressure end of union nipple, as adopted by The Traps; Dunham Packless Radiator Heating and PipingGpntractors' National Valves; Dunham Reducing Pressure Association for one-halfin. radiator traps. Valve; Dunham Vacuum Pump; Dunham The working part of the Trap, the Ther Vacuum Pump Governor; Dunham Air mostatic Disc, is fully exposed to the Eliminators; Dunham Air Check; Dun actual conditions within the radiator and ham Oil Separator; Dunham Suction it, therefore, responds instantly to any Strainer; Dunham Air Vent; Dunham change taking place therein, preventing Damper Control; Dunham Gauges. waste of unused steam, backing up of water and air binding. . Thermogtaite E It is made in five sizes and for varying pressures not to exceed 10 lb. gage. These traps are used principally in steam heating work where they are attached to all forms and types of radiation, and to steam piping and risers for dripping pur poses. The Nos. 1 and 2 Traps are used FloatingMriw andBoundedSw j LaOX mw Opening Section View of No'. 1 Trap almost exclusively on radiators. The No. 3 Trap is used for large radiators, for medium sized pipe coils, and is particularly adaptable for dripping risers and short Dunham Radiator Trap The Dunham Radiator Trap is distinc tive in the simplicity of its construction. runs of steam piping. The Nos. 4 and 5 Traps are used where traps of iarge capac ity are required on large pipe coils, for dripping main feed risers, and steam mains. 388 C: A. Dunham Co. Specialties, Heating DUNHAM RETURN TRAP Used to separate the air and water discharged into the dry return piping by the Dunham Radiator Traps, to release the air, and to automatically return the water to the boiler. For use On installations where the boiler steam pressure does not exceed 10 lb. gage. .-U, JS cL" CL~ 2G E-- O.:S* E-- a> w o JS M Ws ij E (2 Dimen&iom. In. ABCD 2700 1V7 Wi l Vt 1!*, 8* 19 16 $4000 7 2 1 Vi 14% M'/, 25V, 21'/, 7000 2V? 12,000 3 m 3 m l /4 V, 16i/4 \m 15 2296 m 36% 26V* 20/, The above capacities are based upon a minimum distance of 6 in. between bottom of trap and water line of boiler. The capacities increase as this distance above water line increases. Further capacities upon request. DUNHAM MEDIUM PRESSURE TRAP, "D" STYLE This em bodies t h_e principle so Size Ripe Connection, In. Capacity! ` Water per Hour. Lb. successfully used in the Dunham Ra No. 13 No. 14 No. 15 Vx % 1 100 200 400 diator Trap, and is just as Always state operating pressure when ordering. simple and satisfactory. Designed for steam pressures higher than those used in heating systems. It handles air and condensate. Adapted for process work, hospital sterilizers and distilling aooaratus, steam tables and kitchen equipment where a steam pressure of DUNHAM PACKLESS RADIATOR VALVE A bona fide packless radiator valve, not dependent on springs. and packing rings. The Dunham "built-up" bellows makes this pos sible. This built-up sectional con struction admits of uniformity of thickness of metal throughout all corrugated parts, and provides for the in-and-out movement to take place from the flat of the metal _ . instead of at the inside and outside Type 140--Wheel Handle edges Valve may be open or closed in seven-eights turn. Type 100--Lever Handle . Made in lever handle, wheel handle and lock and shield models in following sizes: Lever 34, 1, 134 in. Wheel 34, Hs 1, IK, 1/4, 2 in. Type 100 made only in angle pattern. Type 140 made in angle, straightway and corner patterns and can be supplied with wheel or lever handle. .' The valves can be supplied with special extension stems for use on radiators behind grilles, seats, etc., or on ceiling of the room. 389 C. A. Dunham Co. Specialties, Heating No. 1. All Patterns Tapping x/i'\ Capacity 100 sq. ft. Rad. No. 2. All Patterns Tapping H"; Capacity 350 sq. ft. Rad. No. 3. All Patterns Tapping Capacity 450 sq. ft. Rad. No. 4. Angle and Straightway Tapping 3A"\ Capacity 1500 sq. ft. Rad. No. 5. Angle and Straightway Tapping 1"; Capacity 3000 sq. ft. Rad. DUNHAM BLAST TRAP 7*ZeM03F*nc fotrr Sectional View of Bloat Trap, No. 8. Showing the Thermo static Disc Valve and the Auxiliary Float Valve Sectional Detail of Blast Trap No. 16 This trap is designed for draining blast heating coils. In selecting capacities, -be sure and reduce blast coil radiation to equivalent direct radiation by multiplying the actual surface of coil by a factor ranging from 6 to 10, depending on temperature, velocity and volume of air blown over coils. . ; The operation of traps No. 6 and 7 is similar to that of the radiator trap, using the thermostatic principle, while Nos. 8, 16, 17, 18, 19 traps combine the Dunham thermostatic principle with the float. They handle large volumes of water successfully. Made only for pressures up to 10 lb. on vacuum or gravity systems. C. A. Dunham Co. Specialties, Heating Dunham Reducing Pressure Valve Made only in standard weight for a pres sure range of 125 lb. down on high side, to 10 lb. and atmosphere on low side, in straight and expanded outlet patterns. Dunham Vacuum Pump Governor Used on steam driven vacuum pumps to control vacuum in vacuum return lines. Made in all sizes from % to 2 in., inclusive. Dunham Damper Control The Dunham Diaphragm Damper Regulator controls the steam pressure in ounces. It operates check and draft damper with chains. Dunham Air Eliminator Used in connection with the Dunham Home Heating System for venting the air from the system. Capacity for 2000 sq. ft. radiation. Dunham Oil Separator Made in all sizes from 23^ to 6 in. Flanged connections. . Dunham Strainer Has a large brass screen basket for catching and holding the dirt; easily ac cessible for cleaning and at once commends itself for this purpose. Made in all sizes from % to 6 in. Dunham Air Line Valve The principle of operation is identical, and design similar, to the Dunham Radi ator Trap. Its efficiency is high, and ser vice in connection with air line systems invaluable. Can be furnished with either Y% or radiator connection. Air piping is required in connection with its use. It must not be subjected to steam pressures exceeding 10 lb. gage. able in making old one-pipe heating sys tems more efficients It is easily and eco nomically installed, and insures the quick removal of air from the radiators. The Dunham Home Heating System This is specially for the home or small building. It uses steam at very low pres sure. Steam is admitted into the radiator by the Dunham Packless Radiator Valve, where it is retained by the Dunham Radi ator Trap until it has given off its heat, when, as water, it passes through' the trap together with the air, and back to the boiler through the return piping. The air is released by the Dunham Air Eliminator, and the water returns naturally to the boiler. The design is such that a partial vacuum can be obtained on receding fire, with water continuing boiling. Hot water pattern radiators with top inlet connec tions are required. The end of each steam main is vented through a Dunham Trap into the return piping, and is dripped through wet or dry drip pipe directly back to the boiler return header. The Dunham Return System This System differs from the Home Heating System in that it makes use of the Dunham Return Trap in place of the Dunham Air Eliminator, which introduces the added feature of a positive automatic return of water to the boiler when it is desired to raise the steam pressure. The feature of a positive return under varying steam pressures makes this Dun ham System particularly adaptable to apartment houses, small hotels and me dium size commercial buildings, schoolsand churches. This System makes possible the modernizing of old one-pipe and two-pipe gravity systems, and eliminates the sput tering, leaking air valves which are such trouble makers in these old heating jobs. Dunham Air Line System This is a one-pipe steam system using a Dunham Air Line Valve on each radi ator, with a system of air line piping which may discharge the air by gravity, or be attached to an air line Vacuum Pump. This system is particularly adapt The Dunham Vacuum System Simplicity is the key note of Dunham design. There is the system of steam mains and piping to supply all radiation, ' and the return piping to carry away the air and water of condensation by means of a vacuum pump. Steam may be sup plied direct from boiler, or through a Dun ham Reducing Valve, where boiler pres sure is too high for direct service. Or ex haust steam may be used, supplemented by live steam through a Reducing Valve. Bulletins Bulletins of standard architectural size with detailed information covering each System, and all products, including roughing-in dimensions, will be furnished on request. Specialties, Heating Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Waterbury, Conn. GENERAL SALES DEPARTMENT 25 West 45th Street >: NEW YORK, N. Y. HOFFMAN HEATING SPECIALTIES Hoffman Venting, Modulating and Thermostatic Valves Hoffman "Controlled Heat"--Hoffman Differential Loops HOFFMAN VENTING VALVES In the Hoffman line of air vents there is a specially designed valve for every type of steam heating system. The basic principle used in the design of all Hoffman venting valves is that of an all-metal thermostatic member, with one or more flexible diaphragms, containing a volatile or heat sensitive fluid which causes valve action upon slight tem perature changes. Hoffman valves have a^ wide pressure range in which they operate with the same degree of accuracy, for the internal fluid pressure in the thermostatic member maintains a constant relationship with the external steam pressures throughout the whole range of pressure for which each valve is intended. Hoffman valves are automatic, non-adjustable and guaranteed to properly function for a period of five years from date of installation when installed and operated under conditions for which designed. 392 HOW THE HOFFMAN VACUUM VALVES OPERATE Normally venting port (2) through which air escapes is wide open until steam comes in contact with the float (4). Then the heat sensitive fluid in the float, the ther mostatic member, is changed to gaseous state expanding the flexible diapfrragm-(7),_raising the float and closing vent port. If the radiator is shut off or for any reason steam contact ceases, the diaphragm con tracts. and the float drops. But no air can re-enter the valve because the air check (1) makes the port a one-way street--air can go out but none can come back. So with the continuation of condensation of steam and prevention of air return, a vacuum is formed'in the system. Atmospheric pressure exerted through chamber port (10.) causes diaphragm (8) to lift the float (4) and keep port closed. In other words, the air check prevents return of air for a short period until the vacuum formed in the valve permits atmospheric pressure, acting in chamber (12) to force diaphragm (8) upward, raising the float and doubly closing the vent port. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc.Specialties, Healing HOFFMAN VENTING VALVES ALL-METAL--NON-ADJUSTABLE--THERMOSTATIC The No. 1 Hoffman Siphon Air Valve The No. 4 Hoffman Quick Vent Valve The No. 1 Hoffman Siphon Air Valve is designed for systems of the one-pipe grav ity type. Through its use all air is vented from the radiator without loss of steam, maxi mum heating efficiency is assured and leakage from water-logged rad iators prevented. After contact of water with the valve the siphon drains all water from the valve and venting occurs without the slightest "spit" even if the radiator is For use in venting mains, risers, vento stacks, coils, etc. All air is freely vented through a H in. vnt port without steam loss, but valve does not close against water. Standard connec tion, % in.,- can also be supplied with K in. connection. Maximum guaran No. 4--Hoffman Quick Vent Valve teed operating pressure, 10 lb. under pressure. Radiator connection, The No. 5 Hoffman Quick Vent % >n. Float Air Valve Maximum guaranteed operating pres sure, 15 lb. " Especially adapted for use in venting: . The ends of steam mains. The ends of dry return The No. 2 Hoffman Siphon Air mains. and Vacuum Valve This valve is similar in con^ Indirect radiators. Blast or " Vento" stacks. Hot-water generators. struction to the No. 1, but in addition, when the radiator is once freed from air, return of air through the vent port is prevented. Through its use an ordinary one-pipe steam system may be changed into a vacu um type. Radiator connection, H in- . Maximum guaranteed operating pres sure, 10 lb. Dryers and drums, etc. The basic principle is the same as the No. 1 Valve, hav ing separate channels for air *and water which are only found in Hoffman Valves. In its functioning it dis tinguishes between steam and heated air, and closes instantly when steam or water comes in contact with the float. Pipe connection,. % in; vent port for less than 3 lb. is A in.; for 3 lb. and over is A in. Maximum guaranteed operating pres sure, 10 lb. ` The No. 3 Hoffman Air Line Valve The No. 3 Valve is a compact, well-con structed valve for Air Line, or as they are frequently termed "Paul" Systems. It is sensitive in action and closes the instant steaiti fills the radiator. _ . Radiator connection, N' 5rffvX? Ks in-; Air Line con nection, ^ in Maximum guaranteed operating pres sure, 10 lb. The No. 6 Hoffman Quick Vent Float Air and Vacuum Valve The No. 6 is similar in design and application to the No. 5 with the addi- tional feature of the Air Check or Vacuum starter above vent portand vacu um diaphragm in base. Pipe connection, z/g in.; vent port for less than 3 lb. is A in.; for 3 lb. and over is A in* Maximum guaranteed operating pressure 10 lb. No. 6--Hoffman Quick Vent Float Air and Vacuum Valve Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT The No. 7 Hoffman Adjustable Modulating Valve For use in Vapor or Vapor Vacuum systems, is made in % in. size only, having a range of adjustment up to 200 sq. ft. of direct cast-iron radiation. After installation, whether the system is in operation or cold, the port of each valve is adjusted for the size of the radiator to which it is attached. Adjustment is simple; loosen a locknut; turn valve handle until proper number of graduations ,v- ,v * are visible on the dial plate; then tighten locknut. The valve handle may then be moved to admit sufficient steam to heat a quarter, half, three-quarter, or entire radiator. The valve stem stuffing box has a frictionless metallic fibre packing that will last indefinitely and require No. 7--Hoffman Adjustable Modulating Valve no attention, giving at the same time, a valve action so free that the pressure of only one finger is required to open the valve. The No. 7 valve is regularly supplied with lever handle. On special orders, it can be furnished with wood wheel, lock shield, closed top, extension stem and handle, or chain pull. POSITIONS OF TOP DIAL PLATE FOR VARIOUS SIZES OF RADIATORS All Graduations exposed 15 Graduations exposed tOO sq.ft. 150 sq.ft. 10 Graduations exposed 100 sq.ft. 6 Graduations exposed 50 sq. ft. CORRESPONDING POSITIONS OF ROTARY SLEEVE SHOWING PORT AREAS FOR ABOVE GRADUATIONS The visible adjustment enables the designing engineer and heating contractor to make a final accurate adjustment which compensates for slight irregularities in pipe sizes, failure to ream pipe, installation of extra fittings not forseen in original layout, etc. The advantages of an adjustable port in forced hot water systems to secure proper balance makes the No. 7 Valve especially adaptable for such use. 394 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating ' The No. 8 and 9 Hoffman Return Line Valves Or radiator traps, freely relieve air and condensation from radiators in Vapor or Vapor Vacuum systems without steam loss. They are also used as steam traps in industrial work. Installed in systems where steam is supplied through' a reducing valve, proper trap operation is assured even if reducing valve fails to function and admits high pressure steam to the system because the trap operates with the same degree of sensi tiveness. These Valves are absolutely non-adjustable and thermostats can be changed from one body to another; likewise the valve may be used under either high or low pressure without adjusting. No. 8 Hoffman Return The No. 8 Valve is made in H in. size, only, in Angle, Line Valve . Straightway, Right-and-Left Hand Offset Patterns. The normal capacity is 200 sq! ft. of direct cast-iron radiation. Port diameter, M in., all styles. The No. 9 Valve is made in % in. size Angle Pattern only, and has a normal capacity of 600 sq. ft. of direct cast-iron radiation. Y% in. port for pressure under 15 lb.; A in- port for higher pressures. Maximum guaranteed operating pressure, 50 lb. No. 8 or 9`Angle Pattern . STYLE DATA AND DIMENSIONS Size Inches Diameter Maximum Valve Port Capacity Inches Square Feet DIMENSIONS ABc No. 8 Straightway....... No. 18 Angle................ No. 18 Straightway....... No. 18 Offset................ No. 9 Angle................ V* V. Vl i Vi <A y* 200 214 !% 200 2% m 1Vt 200 ZB ft V* V* 200 200 2$ V* . 100 l*A I'A '/. . 'A too 100 2V* VA & w 600 3A IH No. 9 Vaive furnished with K in. port for pressures above 15 lb. 1H IK 1% ... . The No. 10 Hoffman Vapor Valve ' It.is used for venting the return mains in vapor systems or for other conditionswherealargeventingcapacity is required. The vent port is in. in diameter. For preventing the escape of water the Valve has a large buoyant float which has a double valve, one disc controlling a % in. port and the other an auxiliary port A in. diameter. When water recedes from the Valve and pressure is maintained the A *n- port is first opened and as the air pressure is relieved, the % in. port opens and full venting area is obtained. The thermostat is located above the float chamber and controls the vent port upon contact with steam. The Valve is of rugged construction, nickel-plated all over. Pipe connection, % in. Maximum guaranteed operating pressure, 15 lb.' 395 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating The No. II Hoffman Vapor Vacuum Valve This valve is similar in construction and application to the No. 10 valve with the , addition of a vacuum check on the vent port which prevents the return of air to the system through the vent port. Pipe connection, % in. Maximum guaranteed operating pressure, 15 lb. No. 17 and 18 Hoffman Valves are two new products recently added to the Hoffman line of specialties and were designed particularly for the heating engineer and contractor who requires a well-constructed, quick opening radiator valve and a small efficient trap for use in office buildings, apartments and other places where the operating pressure is not over 15 lb. No. 17 Hoffman Radiator Valve ' This valve is made in % in, size only, suitable for radiators up to 200 sq. ft. The valve may be turned from open to shut position or vice versa, with one turn of the lever handle. The valve action is very free, with little friction due to the novel construction of the disc holder and its extension or lead screw for raising and lowering the disc. The No. 17 Hoffman Valve Body and Tail Piece--Casting of First Quality Steam Metal. Bonnet--Hot Brass Forging. Stuffing Nut--Rod Brass. Stem--Drawn Brass Rod. . Lever Handle--Hard Black Fibre. Disc Holder--Drawn Brass Shell. Disc--Genuine Jenkins Bros. Packing--Special Metallic Fibre. Finish--Rough Body, Nickel-Plated. Made in ^ in. size only. Capacity, 200 sq. ft. C. I. Radiation. No. 18 Hoffman Return Line RadiatorTrap"" The thermostat consists of one chamber .'made by two diaphragms separated by a space ring to which they are fastened. In the center of the bottom diaphragm, the valve pin is attached, the joint being expanded and made absolutely tight. The thermostat is held in its cage by a pin expanded and attached to the top diaphragm, this pin extending through the cage and engaging with the boss on the cap. The thermostat contains a small quantity of thermostatic fluid, sealed under vacuum, insuring extremely sensitive valve action. The fluid is such that its pressure maintains constant relationship with steam pressure and consistency of valve operation under varying pressure is thus obtained. Body--High Grade Steam Metal Casting. Cap--Hot Brass Forging. Nut--Rod Brass. Tail Piece--Hot Brass Forging. Thermostat--Hoffman Diaphragm Metal. Made in H in. size only. Capacity, 100 sq. Radiation. 396 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Healing The No. 12 Hoffman Blast Trap is especially well adapted for draining con- densation from: indirect Radiators Dryers and Drums Blast or "Vento" Stacks Hot-Water Generators Ends of Steam Mains and Risers Unit Heaters, etc. WHire the operating pressure is not in excess of 30 lb. this valve will take care of large amounts of condensation. No. 18 Hoffman Blast Trap In functioning it distinguishes between steam, heated air and water of condensation giving free discharge of air and condensation. The Trap embodies the desirable feature of open bucket or float traps in that it relieves condensation immediately upon its arrival at the trap regardless of the water temperature. Coupled with the float is a thermostatic member which positively over comes the chief difficulty with float traps by automatically relieving air as well as condensation from the system. The normal position of the valve is open and this is held until steam reaches it when closure takes place. If small quantities of condensation flow to the trap the thermostat functions and relieves the water but if larger amounts of condensation, beyond the capacity of the thermostat reach the trap, the float lifts the thermostat from its seat and maximum capacity is obtained. . Table of Nominal Capacities No. 12 Hoffman Blast Trap Pressure, tbs. per sq. in.................... Capacity lbs. per hr........................ Capacity in sq. ft. of radiation on * the basis of |/i lb. of condensation per hr. per sq. ft........................ Vi 600 3,200 1 1,000 4,000 2 1,500 6,000 3__ l>800 7,200 4 2,000 8,000 Maximum Operating Pressure. 30 lb. Capacities for over 5 lb. pressure, furnished on application. With Strainer; inlet connection. 1 in.; outlet I in. With Strainer; inlet connection. 1)4 in.; outlet. 1 in. ' 5 2,500 10,000 The Hoffman Vapor Damper Regulator is automatic in operation and after it has once been set at the correct pressure requires no attention. It controls the dampers. Extremely sensitive in its action, retarding or accelerating the fire; and so not only assures heat, but conversely conserves fuel when tfiere is little or no demand for steam from the radiators. * * It will fit any type boiler, and is equipped with lever, weights, chain and pulleys. The Hoffman Gage is an unusually accurate instrument which shows at all times the steam pressure in the boiler, measured in ounces. It enables one to regulate the fire and heat with precision. 397 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating Differential Loop The Differential Loop is the safety device for maintaining a steady water line in vapor and vapor vacuum systems. It is entirely automatic, non-adjustable and has no moving parts to stick at a critical moment. Through its use water is permitted to rise in the return main a certain predetermined amount when the loop functions, blowing over a small quantity of steam which closes the No. 10 or 11 Valve installed on the loop for venting the system and then compresses the air which is "bottled up" in the return main and builds up a pressure which prevents further rise of water in the vertical part of the return beyond the predetermined amount. As soon as this is accomplished, and the action is almost in stantaneous, the loop reseals and no more steam is blown over until the differential pressure is not maintained. It will be readily seen that, by Hoffman Differ- the alternate blowing over and resealing of the loop, a constant differential ential Loop t . pressure will be maintained between the steam main and return main and also that by the main . tenance of this differential regardless of how high the bbiler-pcessure .goes circulation will take place in a radiator which is turned on with the return main vent closed through loop action. Differential Loops are made in four sizes, having a capacity up to 15,000 sq. ft. of radiation. For larger systems the Nck 4 Loops can be installed in a battery or the return mains divided so as to have their load come within the capacity of stands ard loops. --- No. 1 and No. 2 Loops should not be used where the low point in the dry return is less than 24 in. above boiler water line; with the No. 3 and No. 4 Loops this distance must be at least 30 in. Loop No. 1 2 3 4 DIMENSIONS AND CAPACITIES OF LOOPS A B C D ,E F VvvsSs vs 1Vv/Ss V/2" 2* 2vvv-///sss 22l1Vv*- sS vyss mI/s.- r 25* i' 25* Capacity C j K L Sq.Ft. Rad. m-26* 30H' 3' . 2000 26* 30H' 7X* 3* , 3500 yjvs32* 10* 3VS 7500 sv/s32' 10* ff/2* 15000 Printed matter and complete data and prices on application. Hoffman Specialties distributed through manufacturers and jobbers of plumbing and heating supplies. 398 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Specialties, Heating Hoffman Specially Co., Inc, Specialties, Heating TYPICAL INSTALLATIONS HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT ORV (CHAN GRADMGOOW FltttlOOUR ALLOWANCE GRADE OF MAM SUPPLY MAM SUPPLY TO prs It CAPACITIES LOOP CAPACITY Ante an I'mc i>U MniiA IDJTxjk CMKCTB* sat 000 4' !' N*t 5500 4 IV4 WJ 7600 50 m* 15000 50 BLOW Off VALVE* WET RETURN 400 *6low orr valve . RETURN Specialties, Heating The McAlear Mfg. Co. 1901-1907 So. Western Avenue CHICAGO Power and Heating Specialties for Controlling Pressures and Flow of Steam, Water, Air or Gas Pressure Reducing Valves--used in Low Pressure, Vacuum or Vapor heating systems or any other service where close regulation and absolute con trol is required. USE Fig. 155 for ini tial pressures up to 150 lb. and re ducing to service pressures 0-10 lb. Fig. 185 Single Seated Valves on dead end service where reduced pressure is below 10 lb. Fig. 245 Spring Weighted type for initial pressures up to 150 lb. and reducing to service pressures above 10 lb. Fig. 265 Single Seated Valves for dead end service such as cooking tables, kitchen utensils, laundry mangles, etc. Steam Traps--For draining water of condensation from any steam apparatus or steam mains. Ho. 781--Low Pressure, uptctS fin. Air Elimi nator and Return Traps-- De signed for automatical ly returning water of con densation from low pressure steam or vapor sys tems direct to boiler and to exhaust the air to atmosphere. CAPACITIES Size Inlet Outlet Stein Vent. Capacity No. In. In. In. In. Sq. Ft. 01 1 l'/4 1 w. 11 V* 1.000 y. 2,000 2 l'/2 i'/i 1 y. 4,000 32 2 1 V* 6,000 4 2'/i 2'/i y. 10,000 53 63 3 3Vi 1'/* i% 11 IS.000 20,000 C Reversible Seat SPECIFY Fig. 685 for pressures up to 30 lb. Fig. 695 for pressures up to 125 lb. Fig. 705 for pressures above 125 lb. Fig. 715 for special low pressures. Rapid Feed Water Feeders are for maintaining water levels in low pressure steam boilers, receiving tanks, storage tanks, etc., where a large or small amount of make-up water is necessary. Very accurate and will hold water level almost stationary. . Regular type for 30 lb. pressure. Water pressure must at all times be at least 10 or 15 lb. greater than the steam pressure. Strainers furnished with all feeders. Sizes, in.. % to 2. McAlear Heating and Power Plant Specialties include Oil Separators, Oil and. Grease Traps, Dirt Strainers, Suction Strainers, Vacuum Pump Governors, Boiler Feeders, Damper Regulators. Steam Separators, Back Pressure and Atmospheric Relief Valves, Radiator Traps, Packless Valves, Air Vents, Stop and Check Valves and many other devices. Catalog No. 27 covering our complete line gladly furnished upon request. 401 Specialties, Heating Illinois Engineering Company General Offices and Factory: CHICAGO Branches and Representatives Atlanta Baltimore Birmingham Boston Buffalo Cedar Rapids Chattanooga Cleveland Columbus Dallas Denver Detroit Erie Harrisburg Houston Indianapolis Kansas City Los Angeles Memphis Milwaukee Minneapolis Nashville New Orleans New York Omaha Peoria Philadelphia Portland Providence Richmond Rochester Scranton Seattle Spokane St. Louis San Francisco Wichita PRODUCTS--Illinois Heating Systems--Eclipse Steam Specialties Illinois Heating Systems Successfully installed in thousands of buildings--are the result of over 20 years of special work in this line, and are the ultimate in efficiency and economy. Illinois Thermo Trap The original vertical seat trap. Dirt does not lie on seat--self cleaning, non- adjustable, posi tive in opera tion ; durable, will stand 50 lb. steam pressure which shows the great strength of the diaphragm, which is the reason for the Thermo Trap long life and durability of these Traps. Thousands in operation for 11 and 12 years without diaphragm replacements. Illinois Modulating Supply Valve Quick Opening--only a half turn of handle from open to closed position. Packless, Bake1 i t e handle, steam tight on 50 lb. pressure. Large diameter of thread spoon and machine cut threads make valve easy of operation. Modulating Valve The improved Bakelite handle insulates the hand from heat. The graduated dial shows the open or closed or any position of the valve. Furnished with Lock Shield and Key, or with Bakelite Wheel handle upon order. Illinois Vapor Systems Illinois Vapor Systems are capable of operating automatically on any pressures possible, in a low pressure heating system --from 10 lb. to 20 in. of vacuum. Our improved equipment actually insures oper ation under vapor--less than atmospheric pressure--with only two or three firing periods per 24 hr. The advantages are healthful, modulated heat, and a fuel sav ing of 25-SO per cent over other systems of heating. This result is secured by the ILLINOIS HEATER RETAINER-- Browne Patent, a device which marks an epoch in the heating art. Illinois Heat Retainer This improved device not only vents air from the System on }r$ oz. pressure, but it abso lutely pre vents air pull ing back into the System, thus .allowing the System to remain under vacuum for Illinois Heal Retainer hours at a time. Nodirt or scalecan reach the valve of the Retainer, and even the air passing through same is washed, so this device will remain in operative condition over long periods. Our Bulletin No. 21, describes the opera tion in detail--Copy-sent upon request. Illinois Return Trap or Alternating Receiver This device automatically puts the water back in the boiler against any boiler pressure possible in a low pressure heat-. ing system. The float trips the weights which in turn positively operate the valves. The operation is Illinois Return Trap forceful and posi tive and this mech anism cannot be caught on dead centre by# water half filling the tank. No exterfial parts to be adjusted or tampered with. No stuffing boxes, and all working parts enclosed in the tank. Our Sales-Engineering Organization will be glad to give detailed technical infor mation regarding our products and to advise as to their proper installation. 402 "rM-:-' Illinois Engineering Company Specialties, Heating ILLINOIS PRODUCTS--Eclipse Steam Specialties Eclipse Steam Specialties The old John Davis Co. Eclipse Steam Specialties have been on the market for over 35 years, and embody the improvements and refinements sug gested by this long period of service. These Specialties are quality products, having bronze and monel metal pistons, seat rings and valve parts, the bodies are extra heavy, and every piece of apparatus is carefully steam tested--under working pressure where same are given--before shipment. Pressure Reducing Valves, for all pressures and services. Back Pressure, and Atmospheric Relief Valves. Separators. Oil and Steam, Cast Iron and Steel. Steam Traps, all pressures. Non-Return or Stop and Check Valves. Pump Governors. Balanced Valves. Float Valves, Expansion Joints, Pipe Strainers. Reducing Valve Fig. 71--Reducing Valves. In general use on Vacuum or low pressure Heating Systems. Will reduce to 4 oz. pressure from even 150 lb. initial pressure. The large diaphragm insures sensitive opera tion. Made in both straight way and expanded outlet bodies. Sizes % in.'to 12 in. ' Eclipse Master Reducing Valve Eclipse Steam Trap (Patent Applied for) Something new in Steam trap design. The valve and stem are sepa rate from the bucket and only operated by the bucket at its extreme top and bottom travel --Result-- Valve is always either full, open or tight closed. Therefore no wire drawing or cutting of valve and seat, which are of Monel. Steam tight and long life. Bulletin No. 302 describes in detail. Horizontal Oil Separator A pilot type valve will reduce from any pressure up to 250 lb. down to 10 lb. and hold reduced pressure $ constant at all times --even against a These Separators have a baffle, removable with out disturbing the piping. Occasional cleaning is "dead end" pipe. , necessary for proper elimination of oil. . The port areas are over 3 times the diameter of Made of Bronze the pipe area, hence these separators are effective. with monel valves and trimmings. Sizes % in. to 6 in. Eclipse Back Pressure and Combina tion Relief Valves Illinois Expansion Joints - Sagle and Doable Traverse Made in Vertical and Horizontal types, straight . way or angle pat tern. for condensing and non-condensing engines. It is noiseless and works equally well on pressure or va cuum, air cushioned by back pressure i n dashpot. Con structed entirely of Heavy duty joints, the liners are cast, bronze-- not brass tubing. The. bolts are through bolts, no 6tud bolts used. Tapped for service connections in anchor section if desired. metal with no. springs, wearing parts of special bronze. Size 4 in. to 36 in. Catalog and Bulletins--Illinois Heating Systems--88 pages , BULLETINS - No. 12--Heating Specialties. No. 21--Vapor System Details. No. 102--Pressure Reducing Valves. No. 202--Back Pressure, and Relief - . - Valves, Exhaust Heads. No. 302--Steam Traps. No. 452--N'o' n-Return Valves. No. 502--Separators--Oil and Steam, No. 703--Float and Balanced Valves. 403 Specialties, Heating Klipfel Manufacturing Co. - 2641-59 West Harrison St. . Chicago, 111. Manufacturers of Pressure Regulating Appliances-- for the Automatic Control of Steam, Air or Water No. 1 Pressure Regulator-- Piston Type Sizes, H to 14 in., inclusive. Bronze bodies in sizes 1)4 in. and under, screwed ends only. Iron bodies in sizes 2 in. and above; 2 to 6 in., inclusive, screwed or flanged ends, but screwed ends will be furnished unless otherwise specified; sizes 7 in. and above flanged ends only. - Nos. 1 AND 2 PRESSURE REGULATORS Piston Type Automatically reduce any initial steam, air or water pressure to any desired reduced pressure down to 2 lbs. and maintain reduced pressure constantly regardless of fluctuations in the initial pressure, or changes in the demand for steam. When specified for control of air or water, piston is pro vided with special leather cup packing at no additional charge. Working parts removable while valve body remains in pipe line. No. 2 PRESSURE REGULATORS Piston Type--Expanded Outlet Similar to No. 1 except have an expanded outlet, allowing use of low pressure pipe of larger size than high pressure supply pipe. Nos. 3 AND 4 PRESSURE REGULATORS . Diaphragm Type Automatically reduce any initial steam pressure to any desired reduced pressure, either below atmosphere or up to 5 lbs. above atmosphere, and constantly maintain re duced pressure regardless of initial pressure fluctuations or changes in the demand for steam. Includes no stuffing box, thus eliminating leakage and friction on valve stem. Diaphragm of ample area insures very close regulation of reduced pressure. Inner valves and'seats are bronze, bevel seated, -requiring minimum diaphragm movement. No. S Pressure Regulator-- Piston Type--Expanded Outlet Siz'esr~l~x-2.to 12 x 24 In. in clusive Bronze bodies in sizes 1)4 x 2)4 in. and under. Iron bodies with bronze inner valves and trimmings in sizes above. Unless otherwise specified, Nos. 2 and 4 will be shipped with inlet screwed and outlet flanged in sizes 1)4 x 3 to 3x6 in.,'in clusive. although they can be furnished both ends screwed or both ends flanged; sizes 4x8 in., and above both ends'flanged only. . No. S Pressure Regulator, Diaphragm Type Made in same sizes and style of ends as No. 1 Pressure Regulator, Pis ton Type. No. 4 PRESSURE REGULATORS Diaphragm Type--Expanded Outlet Similar to No. 3 except have expanded outlet, allowing use of low pressure pipe of larger size than the high pressure supply pipe. Made in same sizes and style of ends as No. 2 Regulator. Our 96 page Catalog contains sectional illustrations, roughing-in dimensions and valve sizes of our entire line. Write for your Copy--TODAY! 404 Klipfel Manufacturing Co. Specialties, Heating Improved Pump Governor NOISELESS BACK PRESSURE VALVES--Horizontal or Vertical Automatically and noiselessly maintain any desired back pressure, so that exhaust steam may be used for heating, drying and other pur poses. For use with non-condensing engines'. Because of patented con struction, inner valve is effectively stabilized, and cannot pulsate in Noiseless Back Pressure Valve unison with stroke of engine. Can be operated either horizontal or ver Sizes, 2 to 24 in., inclusive. All sizes made flanged ends; sizes 2 to 8 in., tical, but horizontal position is pre ferable. inclusive, also made screwed ends. Unless otherwise specified, sizes 6 in. and under will be shipped screwed ends, while sizes 8 in. and above will be IMPROVED PUMP GOVERNORS : shipped flanged ends. . Automatically control any type of steam pump, and maintain dis charge at a constant pressure. Simple; compact; direct acting; Monel metal stems, inner valves and seats are bronze, semi-balanced and taper seated. Sizes. J4 to 12 in., inclusive. Bronze bodies in sizes 1)4 in. and under, screwed ends only. Iron bodies in sizes 2 in. and above. Sizes 2 to 6 in. inclusive, made screwed or flanged ends, but screwed ends will be shipped, unless ordered flanged. Sizes 7 in. and above flanged ends only. Made globe and angle patterns in all sizes, but angle patterns will be shipped, unless ordered globe. No. 6 BALANCED FLOAT VALVES Automatically control the supply of hot or cold water to open or closed tanks and maintain practically a constant water level. The inner valve consists of two perfectly balanced straight side plunger discs and consequently is unaffected by water pressure. The swivel yoke and float lever on all sizes can be turned to any desired position. A rosette at the end of lever permits ample adjustment of the seamless copper float. Inner valves and seats are bronze and are fitted for cold water working pressures up to 200 lbs., unless specified for hot water. A special right angle bent lever is furnished when valve is specified for installation in a vertical pipe line. No. 7 Float Valve Sizes. $4 to 8 in., inclusive. Ail bronze in sizes 1)4 in. and under. Iron bodies with bronze trimmings in sizes 2 in. and above. Sizes, )4 in. to 6 in., inclusive, screwed ends only; sizes 8 in., flanged ends only. No. 7 FLOAT VALVES Automatically maintain a constant level of hot or cold water in open tanks. Single seated, auxiliary operated. Seat area equal to pipe size. Will not leak. Swivel guide yoke allows float to be located . in any position. For working pressures up to 200 lbs. Angle patterns only. No. 6 Balanced Float Valve Sizes. )4 to 20 in., inclusive. Bronze bodies in sizes 1)4. in. and under, screwed ends .only. Iron bodies in sizes 2 irii,,and above. Sizes 2 to 6 in.\ inclu sive, made screwed or. gauged ends, but screwed ends will be shipped unless specified other wise. Sizes 7 in. and above, made flanged ends only. ;!'A1I sizes 14 in. and under are made angle or globe pattern, but angle pattern will be shipped, unless ordered globe. Sizes 16 in. and above are made globe patterns only. 405 Specialties, Heating Jas. P. Marsh & Company Established 1865 114-124 S. Clinton St. - CHICAGO, ILL. Sales Agencies In Most Principal Cities No. 7 Thermodisk Air Eliminator Free and unlimited vent of all air, hot or cold, cannot water-log, do not spit or leak water, and close instant ly for steam or vapor. Sizes and capacities for every requirement. No.'S TherhiodiskRapid Vent No. S Thermodisk Air Line Valve Marsh Automatic Syphon Return Trap No. 1 Reflux Trap No. 5 Reflux Trap Marsh Reflux Traps for instal lation on return of radiators of any two-pipere-' turn steam heat ingsystem. Also for pipe coils in , Refining, Cook ing and Drying apparatus. Marsh Blast Traps for Direct or Indirect Coils and for any loca tion where large quantities of water are to be discharged. 406 No. 8 Reflux Trap Marsh Blast Trap Jas. P. Marsh & Company Specialties, Heating Marsh Indicating Gauge Marsh Recording Gauge Low Pressure Ounce Gauge Marsh Gauges for every requirement of indicating Pressure, Vacuum, Altitude, etc. Marsh Recording Gauges where a high grade, accurate instru ment is required and where it is desired to match other instru ments on Gauge Boards, etc. We specialize in Gauge Board outfits ' complete with all in struments. Compound Ounce Gauge Show exact pressure in ounces and pounds. A necessity for the intelli gent, economical and proper operation of "Vapor," "Vacu um," "Semi-Vacuum," and "Atmospheric" Heating Sys tems and for any low pressure boiler. Marsh Ther-Alti-Meter Marsh Hot Water Thermometer and Altitude Gauge Combined Alti tude Gauge and Hot Water Thermometer. The two indica tions, altitude and tempera ture, at a glance. The ideal and logical instru ment to specify forany hot water For any hot water heat ing boiler where the sepa heating boiler. rate Altitude Gauge and H nr Water Thermometer Architects and Heating Engineers will find illustrated and described a Marsh Gauge, Radiator or Steam Trap, Automatic Air Valve, Vent and Heating Specialty for each service requirement--in literature which we will be pleased to send upon request. 407 Specialties, Steam Mason Regulator Company Boston, Mass. San Francisco, Calif. Montreal, Canada Manufacturers of Pressure Regulators and Steam Specialites Standard Type for General ute Size* W-&' MASON Pressure Reducing Valves automatically reduce bailer pressure far Steam Heating systems, and for all situations where steam is required at a lower pressure than that of the boiler. Vacuum Regulating Volte Size* For regulating the amount of vacuum on separate branches of a main vacuum system. Catalog General catalog GIVING FURTHER IN FORMATION AND DETAILS OF THESE AND OTHER TYPES OF REGULATORS, WILL BE GLADLY SENT UPON REQUEST. Vacuum Pump Regulator* ______ Sizet For regulating the supply of steam to the requirements of a stems driven vacuum pump and thereby automatic ally maintaining a uniform vacuum on the system. Boiuekold Water Pressure Regulator Suet H"-f"- Designed for domestic service where the city water pressure is too great for economical house use. Eliminates noise in bathroom fixtures, lading faucetsand splashing in bowls aid tube. SIraiser Suet W-6" . MASON Strainers for water, steam or air keep piping clean and insure proper operation of regulators and valves in any system. 408 Damper Regulator Made in various sixes for handling damper equipment on both high and low pressure boilers, operating on forced, induced, or natural draft. Specialties, Healing Monash-Younker Co., Inc. ESTABLISHED 1900 CHICAGO NEW YORK MONASH THERMOSTATIC RETURN LINE TRAPS No. SS-A-yi in. No. SS-B-H in. No. S7-H The distinctive feature of the MONASH Thermostatic Line of Traps, is the Dia phragm, a separate and independent unit, so constructed and so held in place that friction and strain on the Diaphragm is reduced to a minimum: overcoming the hazard of fracture and rupture of the Diaphragm. The No. 35-A has a vertical seat with the Diaphragm out of the Steam Chamber, while the No. 35-B is built with a horizontal seat and the Diaphragm in the Steam Chamber. ... . These Traps are lA in. pipe size, capacity 200 sq. ft. 65 lb. of water per hour. The MONASH No. 37 Radiator Trap, is made only with vertical seat, and Dia phragm out of the Steam Chamber. Body of close-grained, gray iron,-nickel plated; brass coupling nut, nipple and cover, nickel plated. Pipe size 3/i in., capacity 600 sq. ft.; 200 lb. of water per hour. ,______ ___. . .,, tj_____ Monash Thermostatic Heavy Duty or Drip Traps MONASH thermostatic special heavy duty or drip traps are made with dirt- pocket, dean-out and by-pass. Vertical seat and diaphragm outside the steam chamber. Especially suitable for blast coils, dry kiln colls, main drips, dryers, laundry machinery and all points where large quantities of condensation is to be handled. Na.. ............ .................... 40 42 44 Size.................. . Sq. Ft. of Radiation % 1500 1 5000 Water per Hour... pounds (08 475 1560 Net Weight...___ pounds 3.25 5.00 7.50 Monash Guaranteed Automatic Air Valves No. t MONASH No. 1, all metal, non-adjustable automatic air valve in which the base and nipple are in one casting-- no soldered or sweated joints to come apart. MONASH No. 6, fourway-drain, lock-shield, automatic air valve with all working parts above opening to radiator. Self cleaning; no flooding of floors and other damage. Specify Monash Valve holder with valve. Monash Quick Venting Valves Monash Thermostatic Air Line Valves No. 27 For mains and risers the MONASH No. 27 thermostatic quick venting valve is desirable. Has heavy brass body and cover, phosphor bronze thermo static diaphragm. Operates automatically at all pressures up to 10 lb. Insures rapid steam circula tion. Closes against steam, but does not close against water. Connections are H in.. 1 lb* net weight. for drip or air line systems; also for venting vento stacks and blast coils. Is rapid in action and positive in results, passing all air but closing tightly against steam. Made of brass, white plated; the No. 2 is in., the No. 3 is KxM in. 1 lb- net weight.- No. 2 409 Specialties, Heating O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. 5-7-9 Keefe Ave., MILWAUKEE, WIS. Packless Graduated Valves, Ball-Check Return Elbows, Thermo-Nickel Return Traps, Air Exhausters, Vacuum Valves, Vacuum Pressure Gages, Differential Return Traps and Balanced Swing Check Valves. The operation of the "O-E" Perfect Vapor Vacuum-Pressure Sys tem is very simple: vapor generated at boiler passes up through, main supply pipe and is admitted to radiator at top through the " O-E " Packless Grad uated Valve. Water of condensation is returned to boiler through a )^-in. "O-E" Elbow. In ing through the E the water is first trapped by means of a wall or diaphragm cast in .the Elbow, outside of the radi ator, making a water seal which holds the vapor in radiator and prevents it from short circuiting into the return main. Should the Supply Valve of radiator be closed and con densation form a vacuum any water that might be in the return pipes is prevented from returning to radiator by the "O-E" Patent Elbow, which is equipped with a small brass ball operating on a smooth guide or track, and so arranged that when a vacuum takes place in radiator ball will immediately roll against port and close it. Elbow is noise less in operation, as water seal is below ball, which is an important feature. As soon .as Supply Valve is again opened ball rolls off of seat allowing condensation and air to pass easily and freely into return main. - An aii vent is tapped in the slot of the screw stop in the return elbow which not only allows air to escape freely into return system when Supply Valve is open, but also equalizes the pressure on both sides of Water Seal, thus preventing it from syphoning out, which it might otherwise do. All air and con densation pass through main return pipe in base ment to a point above boiler where air is separated from water by means of "O-E" Patent Atr Ex hauster. - The "OE" Perfect Ball-Check Water Seal Union El bow with Adjustable Air Vent - is made in - two sizes. >^-in., each $3.00. Ca pacity 250 ' sq'. ft. X-in. Capacity 500 sq. ft. The "O-E" Improved Perfect Packless Gradu ated Valve is absolutely packless and never requires packing. It is tested by air and water test before, ship ment. It is quick opening, little more than one-half turn fully opens or closes it. Sand blasted and nickel plated. The handle being made of hard rubber, will not crack and is always cool' and easy to operate. The graduated dial and pointer admit of partial opening so that just the amount of heat desired can be obtained. All valves are fitted with composition disc on a swivel seat without extra charge. Graduated Supply Disc will be attached when specified, at slight additional cost. List Prices--M in., $4.25; X in., $5.00; 1 in., $6.00; 1X in., $7.50. (ADJUSTING I CMW 1 I BROMIC CONTACT | BUTTON [ BWONZA BOOT ) ICHOUWO TWACK ] | WQN-COHBOgVE S**x] The "O-E" Improved Air Exhauster and Vacuum Valve is simple and very sensitive, operating as follows: : Being connected at a high point above where the return main enters boiler, all air in the system seeks outlet at the Air Exhauster, which is open when there is any air in the system, and as soon as all air is exhausted and heat comes in contact with the Carbon Post in Exhauster, same expands and forces the Special Bronze Ball against the seat, closing the port. When closed system will cool slightly causing a vacuum which will hold ball on seat. As soon as vacuum is lost ball will roll away from seat and permit air to escape freely and quickly. The Improved cap locks the expansion post after it is properly adjusted and also holds post in a rigid hori zontal position. All Exhausters are set for ordinary use. but can be adjusted to suit any particular system to which they are attached. AH Exhausters are threaded for 1-in. 1. P. both inlet and outlet. Made in one size only, 1-in., each $10.00. Ca pacity 2,500 sq. ft. ' We also announce the Thermo-Nickel Re turn Trap, a combination thermostatic trap with a ball-check and many new features. Ask for descriptive bulletin. 410 Specialties, Healing Sarco Go., Inc. 233 Broadway, NEW YORK Boston Buffalo Philadelphia Cleveland Detroit Chicago RADIATOR, BLAST AND STEAM TRAPS, TEMPERATURE CONTROL RADIATOR TRAP SARCO The Sarco Radiator Trap is oper ated by the expansion and contraction of a very sensi tive liquid. A slight change of tem perature causes a wide Radiator Trap Sarco open move* . _ ment of the valve. Its positive action keeps radiators thoroughly drained, preventing water hammer and air binding and increasing the heating value of every pound of coal burned. The life of the spirally corrugated ex pansion element in the Sarco exceeds many times that of annularly corrugated tubes because its movement at any point of the tube is so slight that it is hardly percep tible due to the stress in expansion and contraction being distributed evenly over the entire surface. ' Even if scale does reach the seat, it is practically impossible for it to collect there, for line contract only is had between the cone and seat of the valve. The Sarco can be shipped without ele ments so that when operating as a gravity system all the scale and dirt can be washed out. The elements can then be easily dropped into place and the trap will func tion perfectly. Removing the elements does not affect the adjustment because they are not at tached to the body or cap. The Sarco is factory adjusted. Brass castings are free from blow-holes or other defects and are exceptionally heavy. There is no danger of cracking or straining the trap when connecting same. Made'in % and I in. sizes for vacuum, vapor and steam heating systems at pres sures up to 25 lb. Booklet 112 on request. SARCO TEMPERATURE REGULATOR Operated by an ex tremely sensitive liquid, the Sarco Temperature Regulators are instantly responsive to the sligh test fluctuations in the temperature of atmos phere or liquids. They are entirely self- contained and operated. No electrical, compressed air or other outside at tachments are required . for their operation There are no rubber or leather diaphrams or complicated perishable parts. The Sarco costs less than any other dependable control and is easily in stalled. There is no cost for operating. Sarco Regulators oper Type T. R. 1 for Air Ducts and Tanks ate steam, water and gas valves ^ to 6 in. They have 6 ft. of connecting tubing between elements, which can be increased where conditions necessitate. Supplied for any temperature between 30 and 300 deg. fahr. Ask for Booklet 77. TEMPERATURE CONTROL SPECIFICATIONS SARCO RADIATOR TRAP SPECIFICATIONS Size inches Length over all inches Distance, center of Inlet to face of Outlet, inches Distance, center of Valve to face of Inlet, inches 'h 354 I'/z 3% y< 354 I'/z 3% Size Weight In. Lbs. 'A % 8 8 l9 1% 13 \'/i 22 2 28 2'/i 37 3 51 4 81 5 132 6 158 Face to Face of Valve, In. 2/ 2H 3% */i 5 6 7% P/4 ' 13>/, isy. 18 List Price T.R. 21 $75 00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 115.00 130.00 170.00 225 00 275.00 List Price K.R. 14 $60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 85.00 95.00 110.00 125.00 165.00 215.00 265.00 Write for Steam Trap Bulletin. 411 ns Specialties, Heating . Sterling Engineering Company 1636-44 Holton Street MILWAUKEE, WIS. STERLCO THERMOSTATIC TRAP The Sterlco Thermostatic Radiator Trap is designed for use on both vacuum and vapor heating systems. It is an a/i brass trap constructed with a vertical diaphragm with a flat seat. The ex pansion of the diaphragm closes the trap against the steam pressure. The vertical seat is a self-cleaning feature as dirt and scale after passing the seat drop down into the return line instead of collecting inside the trap. The diaphgram is the result of long and careful experiment. The metal is carefully tested before being used and the greatest care is exercised by skilled mechanics to insure perfection in each diaphragm. They are guaranteed to function properly for a period of at least five years. Capacities and Sizes No. Size Capacity W w 4r Up to 200 aq. ft. rad. 200 to 500 q. ft. rad. $00 to 1000 aq. ft. rad. STERLCO GRADUATED PACKLESS VALVE The Sterlco Graduated Packless Radia tor Valve is of the Jenkins Disc Type. A half turn of the handle will open or close it. A graduated dial indicates the degree of opening through the valve. The valve is neat in appearance, easily dis mantled as all parts are threaded and screwed together and does not require packing. These valves are furnished with either lever or wooden wheel handles or with lock and shield. Capacities and Sizes Size Capacity '/j'x Vi' y/* vv ' .I- w*w W*W 0 to 20 aq. ft. rad. 20 to 50 aq. ft. rad. 50 to 100 aq. ft. rad. 100 to 200 q. ft. rad. 200 to 300 aq. ft. rad. STERLCO SLIDE VALVE RETURN TRAP The Sterlco Slide Valve Return Trap differs in principle from other return traps on the market by utilizing the sliding type of valve and besides draining return lines of heating systems and returning water to boilers, it will lift liquids to higher levels where steam or air pressure is available. It is especi ally adaptable where ceilings are low. ' Size Return Trapa 1 2 3 Sq-Ft. Surface 2000 4000 6000 Inlet and Outlet Y Steam Connection Vent Connection Min. Height Return above Waterline >/.* % >/.' `/a* ' V/ '// 14* 16' 18' 412 Length Overall Wi" 26' 32' Shipping Weight 150 190 250 list Price $100.00 125.00 150.00 \ -*x-' Sterling Engineering Company Specialties, Heating STERLCO-ROYS TEMPERATURE CONTROL Description and Operation The Sterlco-Roys Temperature Control consists of a valve installed in the supply line to the unit of ' radiation which is controlled by a combination of highly sensitive dia phragms. These diaphragms are in sulated from the heat of the radiator and enclosed in a housing. ' At the top of the control is mounted a gradu ated scale indicating temperatures from 60 to 80 deg. The regulator can be set to operate at any desired temperature marked on the scale by moving the lever through a slot in the scale. We Manufacture the following Sterlco Products: Thermostatic Traps, Packless Radiator Valves, Air Line Valves, Return Traps, Air Eliminators, Vacuum Pumps, Condensation Pumps and Receivers, Air Line Vacuum Pumps, Strainers, Temperature Regulators. SIZE Inlet and Outlet Sq. Ft. of Radiation CAPACITY A B CDE w Up to 60 aq. ft............................... V/.' ' w 2>/.' w l' 61 to 125 *q. ft............................. V w 2>/.' w 4'/.' w 126 to 200 aq. ft.............................. w 2'/.' 2>/.' 3'/,' 4'/.' 413 Specialties, Healing VAPOR-VACUUM DIVISION (See also Pump Division) The Trane Company La Crosse, Wis. BRANCH OFFICES New York Boston Philadelphia Buffalo Detroit Cleveland Chicag--o Seattle Albany _Minne_ apolis Salt Lake City Atlanta Ft. Wayne Portland. Orb. Greensboro. N. C. England--22-23 Clerkenwell Close. London. E. C. 1 Canada--Thomas Robertson & Co.. Ltd., 134 Craig St., West. Montreal The Grant E. Cole Co., 23 River St.. Toronto The Trane Systems of Vapor and Vacuum Heating, Patented Heating Specialties Trane Automatic Electric Pumps, For All Purposes The Trane Company Specialties, Healing ^ Trane Receivers are used on * Return Fitting Vapor Heating Systems to return condensation of the boiler under all operating conditions. Two sizes: 400 and 2,000 sq. ft. No. 4 Trane Graduated Vapor ` * Valves are identified as the sleeve valves with the Jenkins' Discs. Furnished in 1 and 1/4-in. sizes. No. 5 Trane Vapor Regulators are sensitive to ounces pressure instead of pounds. Two grades, Sensitive and Extra Sensitive, known as Size 1 and Size 2. No. 6 Trane Pressure-Vacuum * Gauges register to 30 lb. pres sure and 18 in. vacuum. Also furnished to register to 30 in. vacuum only over entire scale. 4J^-in. face. 34-in. pipe connec tion. No. 7 Trane Bellows-Type Radia- * tor Traps have 14 corrugation bellows. These bellows are made without seams or joints of any kind- Trap bodies are made of steam brass. Sizes and styles are as listed below. No. 8 Trane Quick Vent Valves do " the work of Float Vent Valves (see No. 1),-except that they are designed to close against steam only. 24-in. pipe connection. . No. 9 Trane Return Fittings are used in connection with Trane Receivers (see No. 3), on jobs that have 400 sq. ft. of radiation or less. No. 10 Trane Float Drip Traps * will drip mains without regard to temperature of the water. Rated capacity, 500 sq. ft. with pressure differ ence of J4 lb. Capacity increases with in creased pressure difference.to 20 lb. Float tested for 150 lb. Trap is made in %-in. size only. . TRANE HEATING SPECIALTIES 1 Trane Float' Vent Valve -* vents air but closes tightly against steam and water. Capacity unlimited for practical purposes. Full ]/i in. venting ports. % inch pipe con nection only. Weighs 4 lb. Trane Direct Return Traps ~ and broken boilers are never found on the same vapor heating or straight steam job. Two sizes: 2,000 and 4,000 sq. ft. Multiples used for larger requirements. 414 Style No. B2 Size Inches Capacity Sq. Ft. 4 cz. Pres. Difference A Vi 125 1* DIMENSIONS. INCHES ELH ' 3'/4 5ys 3% K m . No. B3 No. B4* - V* 375 1A 3% 5ys 3/4 I . 750 3A HI v-.; i% Made in angle pattern only. - ' Sizes conform to recommendations of Heating and Piping Contractors* National Association. ' 415 Specialties, Heating Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Main Office and Works, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. New York Office 46 E. 41st St. Boston Office 52 Sudbury St. Manufacturer of the STICKLE Open Coil Feed Water Heaters and Purifiers, STICKLE Steam Traps high and low pressure and vacuum, Pressure Regulators, Damper Controls, Back Pressure Valves, Standard - Balance Valves, Vacuum Heating Specialties, Blast Coil Heaters, Heating and Ventilating equipment, Triplex Oil and Steam Separators. STICKLE THERMOSTATIC RADIATOR TRAP The special feature of the STICKLE Thermo static Radiator Trap is the diaphragm; with box shape inverted heads, side walls reinforced with seamless drawn brass tubing, a solid disc pro tecting each head and so constructed that the diaphragm cannot get out of place. The diaphragm is so reinforced that there is no possible chance for it to become distorted or ruptured. The valve has a free movement of in. attached to plate on which the diaphragm rests suspended centrally by flat leaf bronze spring making- a positive valve action supplementing the spring action of the diaphragm. STICKLE THERMIC VACUUM TRAPS Designed for draining steam headers and risers on low pressure heating systems. A Thermostatic trap will close on hot water and for this reason they will not drain a steam header. This trap is mechanically operated with positive air release. No matter what the temperature of the water this trap will handle it. This is the ideal trap for Blast Coil Service, made in sizes up to 2 in. Send for the descriptive matter. THE STICKLE VAPOR VACUUM BLAST COIL Primarily designed to operate with con densation discharged from the dryers on a Paper Machine. It has proven a great success to furnish heated air to ventilate the machine room. It is the most efficient Blast Coil Heater made for low pressure steam. Being a continuous coil construction it is absolutely guaranteed to maintain a positive steam circulation at all times; cannot air bind. 416 Specialties, Heating WARREN WEBSTER & COMPANY ESTABLISHED 1888 CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. Atlanta Atlantic City Baltimore Birmingham Boston Chattanooga Chicago Branch Offices and Representatives Cincinnati Easton Cleveland Grand Rapids Columbus. Ohio Indianapolis Dallas Kansas City Denver Los Angeles Des Moines Louisville Detroit Milwaukee Minneapolis New Orleans New York Omaha Philadelphia Pittsburgh Portland. Ore. Raleigh, N. C. Richmond Rochester Saginaw St. Louis San Francisco Seattle Spokane Tampa. Fla. Toledo Tulsa Washington Wilkes-Barre Montreal Sole Representatives and Manufacturers for Canada DARLING BROTHERS. Limited Toronto Halifax Ottawa Winnipeg Calgary Vancouver London. England: THE ATMOSPHERIC STEAM HEATING CO-. Ltd. Quebec . MANUFACTURERS OF SPECIALTIES FOR WEBSTER SYSTEMS OF STEAM HEATING--OVER 30,000 INSTALLATIONS Webster Products Webster appliances for use with Webster Vacuum and Modulation Systems of Steam Heating include: Steam Heating Sylphon Traps (701) Sylphon Attachments (801. 804, 851) Modulation Supply Valves (705-3) Sylphon Quick-Opening Packless Supply Valves (705-51) Double-Service Valves (722) Number Seven Traps (diaphragm type) (702) Dirt Strainers (709) ' Heavy-Duty Traps (708-2) Water Accumulators (725) Expansion Joints (packed type) (1100) Sylphon Expansion Joints (packless type) (1151-1) Lift Fittings (713) Suction Strainers (707) Damper Regulators (718) Vent Traps and Vent Valves (717) Boiler-Return Traps (726) Vacuum-Pump Governors (708) Hy-lo Traps and Controllers (710) Gauges (pressure and vacuum) (B-500) Grease Traps (401A) Air-Separating Tanks (714) Hydro-Pneumatic Tanks (715) A manual of practical data compiled by the General Engineering Committee of the Company. Not a catalogue, but a text book on the subject that has been highly praised by many engineers and adopted as text in several universities. Service Details Each Webster appliance has been designed to meet specific conditions arising in connection with installations of Webster Systems of Steam Heating. Other Webster Products include: Steam Separators (301-A) Oil Separators (401-A). Steam Traps (bucket type) Feed-Water Heaters (cast-iron) (wrought-iron) (102) ' Webster-Lea Heater Meter (200) Detailed catalogue data concerning Webster Products may be had on request. Catalogue num bers are noted alongside name of product listed above. ' Webster Service Is an integral part of every Webster System, delivered through branch offices in each of the cities listed above. Webster Service places the accurate, compre hensive information resulting from the extensive experience of this organization at the disposal of consulting engineers, architects and heating con tractors. The close co-operation of the Webster organization, and the services described in the next column are available without obligation to all engineers. Webster Service Details show accepted standard Practice to be followed in installing.Webster System apparatus and in making connections. Over 160 separate Service Details are available in loose-leaf form. As new methods and equipment are de veloped, new Details are issued to all holders, mak ing this engineering data of maximum usefulness. The use of Webster Service Details saves a sub stantial amount of the designers time in laying out a system and insures correct installation of each job. Catalogue Bulletins . Webster Catalogue Bulletins describe Webster appliances from the standpoint of the engineer, providing complete tables, drawings and other technical data. Issued in standard loose-leaf catalogue size for convenient reference. 417 Stokers Detroit Stoker Company Underfeed Forced Draft and Overfeed Natural Draft Stokers 369 General Motors Bldg. Detroit, Michigan Detroit "V" Type Natural Draft Stokers for boilers from 50 up to 600 H. P. Successfully burns all grades of bituminous coal, wet tan bark, wood refuse, etc. Widely used in heating, hundreds being installed in schools, public and office buildings, large apartments, hotels, etc.; insuring complete combustion and eliminating smoke. Either sprung arch or flat suspended arch may be used. Detrick Flat Suspended Arches as sold by Detroit Stoker Company provide greater furnace volume. First cost of installation of Detroit "V" Type Stokers is very low because no forced draft equipment is needed and no basement required for ash removal. Requires little power for operation.. Can be used with low pressure boilers. Fires can be banked over night and keep sufficient heat on heating system over Sundays. Substantially built to withstand hard usage. Maintenance cost low. Ask for Bulletin 369. Detroit Single Retort Forced Draft Underfeed Stokers "Cut the Cost of Pro ducing Steam." .Designed to serve boilers up to 250 or 300 H. P. Many installed burning Illinois, Indiana and all Eastern coals successfully. Widely used in all sections where bituminous coal is burned. Outstanding features are: mechanically driven, adjustable rams, positive control of the movement of the fuel; no mov ing parts in the fire; low main tenance cost; side dumps for cleaning fires; refuse quenched in .ash-pits and removed through ash doors; installation cost un usually low; operates on low pressure if desired. Ask for Bulletin 269. ' Detroit Multiple Retort Underfeed Stoker is "Built on Advanced Engineering. Principles." While designed for large units and high ratings it is equally well adapted for boilers of 300 H. P. and upwards. Burns Illinois, Indiana and all Eastern bituminous coals, with high efficiency. Design makes possible ash removal at boiler room floor level and in many cases eliminates the basement or ash tunnel construction. Outstanding features are: The level fuel bed, which, with positive control of fuel movement eliminates avalanching and regulates combustion; mechanically driven adjustable rams. Ask for Bulletin 169. *,, Aero-View Driroil Multiple Retort Stoker 418 Stokers and Automatic Furnaces Sanford Riley Stoker Co. "RILEY" Underfeed Stokers "JONES" Underfeed Stokers WORCESTER, MASS. "MURPHY" Automatic Furnaces BOSTON CINCINNATI NEW YORK .CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA ST. PAUL PITTSBURGH KANSAS CITY BUFFALO DENVER CLEVELAND CHARLOTTE THE UNDERFEED STOKER COMPANY OF CANADA. LTD., TORONTO DETROIT DALLAS The Murphy Furnace The Murphy Auto matic Furnace is par ticularly adapted for use in office buildings, hotels and schools. It saves 15 to 25% of coal over hand-fired methods--it eliminates the smoke problem. The labor saving de pends on the number of men employed. Where only one man is employed there is, of course, no saving, but he can devote more of his time to other duties. Description The correctness of. the principle upon which the construc tion of the MURPHY The Murphy Automatic Furnace AUTOMATIC FURNACE is based has Maintenance been demonstrated by 44 years of stoker experience. Improvements have been made from time to time which have in creased its efficiency and durability. With the MURPHY AUTOMATIC FUR NACE, complete combustion prevents smoke and ensures high CO2 results. All ash and refuse are removed automatically. This means a clean fire and high efficiency at all times. The MURPHY FURNACE Maintenance cost is low; averaging about 10 cents per B. H. P. per year. The magazines and fronts are protected by fire brick; the coking plates by air passing under them; and the clinker grinder, grate bearer and grates by exhaust steam and air, thus ensuring ample protection to all working parts. Installations does away with the necessity for opening A few of the many Murphy installations furnace doors and thereby eliminates the in office buildings, hotels and schools. admission of cold air; the coal supply to Hamm Building, St. Paul, Minn. the furnace is under absolute control and Cleveland Discount Bldg., Cleveland, O. automatic regulation; it is a Natural State Office Building, Lansing, Mich. Draft Furnace and requires no expensive Parliament Building, Ottowa, Canada. fan or blower equipment. Edison Building, Chicago, III. Lafayette Hotel, Buffalo, N. Y. Blackstone Hotel, Chicago, 111. Adaptability Union Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Congress Hotel, Chicago, III. The Murphy Furnace is designed for Statler Hotels, Cleveland, O., Detroit, any type of boiler in units from 50 h.p. up. Mich. , It is exceedingly flexible and efficiently Phillips Andover Academy. handles variable loads and overloads up University of Chicago. to 200% of boiler rating with minimum 76 School buildings in Detroit. attention and without forced draft. 33 Schools in Cleveland. ' 419 Temperature Control Equipment Heat Control Service Co., Inc. 759 Park Place . Manufacturers of BROOKLYN, N. Y. Automatic Temperature and Humidity Control Systems . Uniform heating of a building is best accomplished with a dependable system of automatic temperature control and this company has developed and perfected an air pressure dual system of high efficiency, accuracy and durability. The system con sists of: "Thermatrol" (1) An all metal dust proof and fool proof Thermostat--the "Thermatrol"-- without springs, diaphragm or delicate mechanism to get out of adjustment. (2) A Diaphragm Supply Valve on each Radiator to be controlled, or diaphragm motor controlling dampers on heat ducts. (3) An air compressor and tank-- All connected to a system of concealed air piping. An all metal system throughout. This system operates through the main tenance of an air pressure, which is variable 10 lbs. or 15 lbs. respectively, obtained in the boiler room from the compressed air tank and controlled by a reducing valve and pressure gauge. The unique and most important feature in the operation of the "Thermatrol'' is the unit control which positively assures the following temperatures--a high of 70 deg. when the room is in use and a low of 35-40 deg. (in freezing or zero weather) when not in use, without additional adjust ment and without effecting the sensitive ness or accuracy of the "Thermatrol" in any way. The unit control makes it possible to shut off the heat in any room, automatically, while all other rooms in the building are heated. Thus absolute con trol of the temperature in any room in the entire building is given. Unit control works as follows: mounted on each "Thermatrol" is a bourdon tube directly connected with the air pressure system, so that this tube is directly affected by an increase or decrease in air pressure. During the day, an air pressure of 15 lbs. is carried on the system, which operating through the "Thermatrol" allows heat to enter the radiators and maintain an even temperature of 70 deg. At night a pressure of 10 lbs. is carried causing the bourdon tube to contract and close the Diaphragm valve so that no heat enters the radiator until the tempera ture 35-40 deg. is reached, then the "Thermatrol" will function. If heat is required in the room at night, at the higher temperature move the indicator on the "Thermatrol" to the "on" position and this instrument will then function at the temperature at which it is set and heat the room accordingly. This indicator will automatically return to the "off" position when the air pressure is again raised to 15 lbs. Should it be necessary " Humilrol " 420 Heat Control Sercice Co., Inc. Temperature Control Equipment to heat a room every night, the indicatorcan be locked in the "on" position which will prevent automatic re-adjustment. Locking the "Thermatrol" in the "on" position would be termed "Season Con trol" and is particularly effective in build ings where certain rooms are to be heated . every night. The Dualstat is made for controlling two different units at two different tem peratures; for instance--one will control direct radiation at 68 deg. and the other will operate the damper motor at 70 deg. These systems are in successful opera tion in schools, offices, hotels, residences, drying units and central stations. Forty schools in New York have been equipped with this system of control. The "Humitrol" operates on exactly the same principle and is as efficient, dependable and accurate as our " Therma trol." The control apparatus is practic ally the same, with this exception, the bi-metal element is replaced with a speci ally prepared piece of hard maple which is just as sensitive and responsive to slight changes in humidity as the bi-metal ele ment is to temperature change. We. are able with this moisture regulator to con trol the degree of moisture in the air at all times and under any conditions. Why The "Thermatrol" Insures Economical Heating School Buildings: One or more rooms may be heated without heat ing the entire building. Lava tories, shower rooms, offices, as semblies, gymnasiums, etc. may be heated individually. In rooms where the temperature has a tendency to fall below the average temperature of nearby rooms, same may be heated during the night by concentrating the heat on these rooms only. This allows the general heating of the building to be delayed to a later hour in the morning. This means that all of the heat produced does effective work and therefore the value of every B.t.u. of fuel burned. is realized. Office Buildings: In average winter weather all rooms in use are heated to a temperature of 70 deg. while those not in use are kept at 45 deg. After 6 p. m. only those rooms which are in use are heated. Any tenant desiring heat, however, may press the button on the ther mostat and obtain a temperature of 70 deg. . . weather although the upper floors do not require it. Such an arrange ment is possible with our system. If exhaust steam is used to heat a building a unit of proper size should be operated to carry the power load efficiently, the exhaust from same will be sufficient to heat the rooms in use. This means economy in first cost and in service. Hotels, Apartments, etc: The Unit Control provides a tempera ture of 70 deg. in all rooms in use, and 45 deg. in the others from 6 a. m. to 1 a. m. From 1 a. m. to 6 a. m. heat is shut off in the entire hotel with the exception of the office, lobby, and halls, but any guest may have heat by pressing the button on his thermostat. Churches, Offices, halls, meeting room, etc. may be heated during the week without heating the entire building. This means con stant comfort in the rooms used and saves a large amount of fuel, for the peak load comes only intermittantly. When the lower floors are used for banking purposes it is often desir able to have these heated in mild Our engineering department is ready to cooperate in solving your problems. 421 Temperature Control Equipment Johnson Service Company Milwaukee, Wis.. BRANCHES: ALBANY. N. Y.. 279 S. Manning Boulevard ATLANTA, GA- 72 Marietta Street BOSTON. MASS.. 31 Waltham Street BUFFALO. N. Y- 2 Erie County Bank Bldg. DALLAS, TEXAS. 324 N. Ervay Street CHICAGO. ILL., 1355 Washington Blvd. CINCINNATI, OHIO, 319 Gwynne Building CLEVELAND. OHIO, 2028 East 22nd Street DENVER, COLO., 1228 California Street DES MOINES, IOWA, 210 Masonic Temple DETROIT. MICH.. 42 Montcalm Street. West INDIANAPOLIS. IND., Ill Pembroke Arcade KANSAS CITY, MO., 411 East Tenth Street MILWAUKEE. WIS., 149 Michigan Street LOS ANGELES, CAL., 605 Van Nuys Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.. 308 Third Ave.. South NEW YORK. N. Y.. 118 East Twenty-eight Street PHILADELPHIA. PA., 258 S. Van Pelt PITTSBURGH, PA.. Century Building PORTLAND, ORE.. 404 Failing Building SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, 610 McIntyre Bldg. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., 417 Rialto Budding SEATTLE. WASH., 452 Colman Building ST. LOUIS, MO., 14 North Twelfth Street CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVE: Johnson Temperature Regulating Company of Canada, Limited OFFICES: .. CALGARY. ALTA. 605 Second Street, West TORONTO. ONT.. 145 Wellington Street VANCOUVER. B. C., 550-6th Avenue. West WINNIPEG. MAN- 259 Stanley Street MONTREAL, QUE- 127 Madison Ave- Notre Dame de Grace Products and Services . Engineers and Contractors for the Control of Temperature or Humidity for any purpose and over every range used in manufacturing purposes or buildings, furnishing and installing: Temperature Controlling Apparatus for any and all kinds of heating and ventilat ing systems. Thermostat Control of electric motors on automatic refrigerating. Manufacturers.._of^ Thermostats and Other Apparatus for the Control of Temperatures and Humidity, including: Pneumatic Room and Insertion Ther mostats and Humidostats. Electric Room and Insertion Thermo stats and Humidostats. Temperature Controlling Apparatus for any industrial process requiring the medium of heat. Control of Humidity in industrial pro cesses requiring artificial humidity. Temperature Control of hot water tanks and all liquids. Control of Temperatures of refrigerating and cold storage plants. "Sylphon" Metal Diaphragm and Rub ber Diaphragm Valves. Low Pressure, Limited Capacity, Elec tric Air Compressors. Low Pressure, Limited Capacity, Hy draulic Air Compressors. Air and Water Reducing Valves. Pneumatic Switches or Push Buttons. 422 Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment How to Specify j pressor shall be of sufficient size to operate t the system, with a factor of safety not less Furnish and install a complete system than 3, and requiring that it be provided of automatic temperature regulation and with all necessary governing devices, fit humidity control, furnishing all neces tings, gage, etc. sary thermostats, valves, dampers, hu midifiers, special devices, air compressors, piping and fittings, and labor of installing system, except setting valves and dampers in position--all in accordance with the following schedule and detailed speci Humidostats--Specify Johnson Hu midostat and Humidifier, stating the kind of humidifier, whether perforated steam or copper evaporating pan. fication : Schedule--State the rooms to be con trolled and number of thermostats in each; the manner in which the tempered air, if there is any, is to be controlled; the manner in which the drafts of the boiler are to be controlied;:arid-specify the manner of the control of any fresh air, vent or return air dampers, stating the location and number of switches. Thermostats--Specify Johnson Metal Diaphragm Model Thermostat, size, 4J^x2xl in.; and state whether it is to have residence or school cover, indicating device, positive shut-off, and whether it is to be positive or intermediate motion. Specify the number and kind of inserted thermostats. Valves--Specify Johnson Metal Dia phragm Valve having the "Sylphon" Metal Bellows for its diaphragm. State whether valves are to be plain or nickelplated with or without unions; add: Valves to be placed in position by heating contractor. Air Compressors--Specify kind of air compressor (steam, hydraulic, electric or power driven), requiring that the air com- Dampers--Specify that dampers shall be made by the heat regulating contrac tor, but installed by the galvanized iron contractor, and that dampers shall consist of wrought iron frames, sheet steel blades, strongly cleated, with brass bearings. Guarantee--Require that system be complete in every respect, and that all necessary material and special fittings shall be furnished whether specifically mentioned or not. Require that entire system be guaranteed free from all orig inal defects in material and workmanship, and that any parts proving defective or wearing out within 2 years from date of completion shall be replaced free of charge. Require that thermostats shall operate the valves or dampers to which, they are at tached, at a variation of not to exceed 1 deg. above or below any given point. Contracting This company contracts to furnish and install in complete working order the Johnson System of Temperature Control, including thermostats, valves, piping, etc. 423 Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment Specific Applications of Temperature Control Bake ovens for enamels, japans, etc. Core drying ovens. Drying room for paint, varnish, patent leather, etc. Storage room for tobacco, rubber or similar goods. Cold storage rooms, fur vaults, etc. Canning machinery, cookers, exhaus ters, processors. * Corn and oats drying apparatus. Fruit drying apparatus. .. Johnson Positive Acting Metal Diaphragm Thermostat The only thermostat on the market provided with positive snap action for closing and opening the radiator valve quickly, positively and fully, which is necessary with steam heat. Indicator and Cut-off It is the only ther mostat haying an indicator which will show at a glance whether the thermo stat has the heat turned on or off. A cut-off is provided for shutting the heat off permanently when desired. Johnson Gradu ated Acting Ther mostat This thermostat is ideal for controlling mixing dampers ad mitting hot and tem pered air to the room in which the thermo stat is located. The graduated action con sists in automatically maintaining the hot and tempered air blades of the mixing damper at just the Model Positive Metal Diaphragm Thermostat right relative position to deliver a mixture of air that will keep the rooms at a uni form temperature. When the tempera ture reaches the point at which the thermo stat is set to operate, it will hold the mix ing dampers in an intermediate position^ Thermostat Covers The covers which conceal the thermostat proper are small, incon spicuous and very neat in design and workmanship. There are two distinct styles: one called the R typeandone^glled the P type. *" The R type is a die-casting, very beautifully de signed and used generally in resi dences and other handsomely dec orated buildings. Modei R. 1. Cover 4f"x2"xlH" deep The P type is a pressed metal cover, very finely finished but not as ornamental and artistic as the R cover, and used more generally in schools, office buildings, hospitals and places where simple and neat design is desired rather than artistic and ornamental. Johnson Pneumatic Insertion Thermostat Designed to control temperatures with in closed air chambers or ducts. The body of thermostat is a dust-proof case containing the two working parts and extending outside the chamber. Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment This thermostat is made either positive or graduated acting. Applications Adaptable for use in bake ovens for enamels, japans, etc.; drying rooms for paints, varnishes, patent leather, etc.; storage rooms for tobacco, rubber or similar goods; ster ilizers or pasteur izers; cold storage rooms, fur vaults, etc.; refrigerator Pneumatic Insertion Thermostat machine control; hu midity control for air washers; flue gas temperature con trol; hot blast heating plants; combi nation tempered ventilation and hot blast systems; greenhouses, turkish bath rooms, etc.; tempered ventilation for buildings. Johnson Calibrated Thermostat This is an especially high grade insertion thermostat for use where it is desired to change frequently the adjustment to op erate at different temperatures. It is operated by compressed air at 15 lb. per sq. in., and used to control temperatures of liquids and air by automatically open ing and closing a diaphragm valve or damper. Graduations made to meet re quirements, limited to a total range of 60 deg. Multiple Insertion Thermostat Similar to the insertion duct thermo stat, excepting that one multiple thermo stat takes the place of a number of sepa rate duct thermostats set for dif ferent tem peratures. The 4-point multiple thermostat shown will operate four separate dia phragm valves at as many differ ent tempera tures. It has Multiple Insertion Thermostat become very popular with heating engi neers for the control of heating and tempering coils where it is desired to have these coils turn on at different temperatures. It is made to work with positive action when controlling valves; with graduated action when controlling dampers; or.Uwith both positive and graduated action when controlling valves and dampers.^ Xarfk Thermostat '% Designed for insertion through 1-in. tapped hole in tank and controlling, in the case of hot water tanks, a diaphragm valve on the supply pipe to the steam coils in the tank. It can be used to control the temperature of any liquid, either hot or cold. It is especially adaptable for con trolling the temperature of water in hot 425 Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment water heating plants by its control of the Pneumatic Switch Control boiler draft doors. Remote valve and damper control i playS, by means of our pneumatic switches, Humidity Control a very important part in the economical The supplying of moisture to the heated air in buildings and the automatic control of the percentage of moisture in this air operation of the modern heating plant especially in are recognized by authorities to be as schools. It important as maintaining proper tem peratures. saves the janitor'stime for other Humidostats and Humidifiers The humidostat automatically controls duties, and makes it pos sible to. ac- Pneumatic Switch the supply of moisture delivered to the air by' a humidifier and maintains a con stant percentage of relative humidity. It operates a diaphragm valve on the complish re- . . suits in the operation of the heating plant which can not be obtained in any other way. It makes it easy to operate the fresh air, return air- and vent dampers, steam coils in the pan humidifier. The with the corresponding assurance that pan is provided with float box to maintain these dampers will be economically op constant water level and is located in the erated as intended by the heating engineer. ventilating air duct leading throughout the building. Steam jet and water spray types of humidifiers are also furnished. The following types of pneumatic switches for different purposes and dif ferent conditions are made: Lever Handle Switch, . "Sylphon" Metal Diaphragm Valves Push Button Switch, . This valve . having an in ' destructible 1- piece metal- diaphragm, is permanentand requires no repairs. Its value for the c on t ro 1 of steam is ob vious and par ticularly so in connection with steam coils, registers in wall boxes where exces "Sylphon" Metal Diaphragm Valve s i v e heat would destroy rubber diaphragms. Indicating Switch, to open and close, dampers partiaily- as.desired. . Electro Pneumatic Switch, to open and close dampers automatically--with, the starting and stopping of fan motors. * . Time Valve Control Simple device for automatically and periodically opening, and closing a dia phragm valve. Has many applications, such as peri odically flushing of toilets, etc. Being simpler and more powerful in action, it is much superior to fldat tanks. Eight- day clock valve mechanism operates dia phragm valve on water supply by means of compressed air. Valve may be op erated from l to 4 times per hour and for periods of 15 seconds to 5 minutes. . 426 Temperature Control Equipment The Powers Regulator Co. 33 Years of Specialization in Temperature Control GENERAL OFFICES AND FACTORY CHICAGO, ILL. 2719 GREENVIEW AVENUE GENERAL EASTERN OFFICES NEW YORK, N. Y. 126 EAST 44th STREET ATLANTA, GA. BALTIMORE, MD. BOSTON, MASS. BUFFALO. N. Y. . BUTTE, MONT. CHARLOTTE, N. C. CINCINNATI, OHIO CLEVELAND, OHIO DENVER, COLO. BRANCHES AND SERVICE STATIONS DES MOINES. IOWA DETROIT. MICH. EL PASO. TEXAS HOUSTON, TEXAS INDIANAPOLIS, IND. KANSAS CITY, MO. LOS ANGELES. CALIF. MILWAUKEE, WIS. MINNEAPOLIS. MINN. NASHVILLE. TENN. NEW ORLEANS. LA. PHILADELPHIA, PA. PITTSBURGH, PA. PROVIDENCE. R. I. ROCHESTER. N. Y. ST. LOUIS, MO. SAN FRANCISCO. CALIF. SEATTLE. WASH. THE CANADIAN POWERS REGULATOR CO., LTD., TORONTO. ONT. . BRANCHES CALGARY, MONTREAL, WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER Products and Services Automatic Temperature Con trolling Systems, applying them, under the supervision of the Powers engineers, to the heating plants, new or old, in residences, offices, factories, schools, institu tions, and to any other condition of artificial heating.where uniform temperature is desired. Automat ic Temperature Devices for con trolling hot water and other tank heaters, hot water lines, shower baths, mixing hot and cold water, cold water and steam, and other opera tions of a similar character. . Heating systems, and the requirements for temperature control, vary widely in detail. Special study should be given each case, so that itsparticular requirements may. be intelligently handled. . Much of the dissatisfac tion experienced with some temperature regu lating apparatus is due to the attempt to force a ready-made inflexible system or device to meet special requirements, taking no account of the conditions peculiar to the K Thermostat situation to be treated. Temperature Controlling Appliance Powers thermostats are accu rate in their working and will main tain their adjustment. They are of the vapor disc type, exclusive with Powers regulators, and is not thrown out of adjustment by extremes of temperature or long disuse. For over 30 years this has been the standard of thermostatic control by which all other methods nosiai . are measured. In design, Powers- - . thermostats are second to none m beauty and perfection of finish; in size, as . small' as is consistent with the reliability so necessary in such instruments; in opera tion, sure, with gradual or positiveaction, as conditions require. Diaphragm radia tor valves, diaphragm motors, mixing dam pers and other equip ment are especially rugged in. construc tion, dependable, and durable; built re gardless of ex pense, whenever strength is need ed for efficiency ,. . and long service. All-Metal Radiator Valve 427 The Powers Regulator Co. Temperature Control Equipment Application, of Powers Control to Combination (Split) System--Direct radiation supplies the heat; fan supplies warm air for ventilation. Thermostats Motive power used in these systems is compressed air. The company builds its own air compressors, operated by steam, electricity or water, and characterized by their reliability, noiseless operation, per fect control and long life. Installations Installations of Powers systems are invariably made by this company. At each branch office is maintained a com petent engineering and erecting force, sparing no expense to maintain the highest control valves on radiators to maintain proper room temperature. Ventilating coils are controlled by a thermostat placed in the fan discharge duct. efficiency. Powers special devices, how ever, are easily installed by any engineer or contractor. Prices Price for Powers Regulation covers the system installed complete, and is only named after a careful study of the require ments. Our price is not lowest, but no other system will be found as efficient and economical. Customers are served with the sole aim of getting results for them; and experience shows that satisfactory The Powers Regulator Co. Temperature Control Equipment service from a temperature controlling system is of much more importance than its first cost. . Specifications An opportunity is solicited to submit to any architect or engineer a detailed speci fication, accompanied by a guaranteed price, to cover complete system of temper ature control installed, the price to hold if specification is used. This guarantees full protection to the client against advan tage being taken of a close specification. This company will gladly collaborate with architect or engineer in preliminary plans. As specialists in temperature control; The Powers Regulator Company has unusual facilities for solving problems in this par ticular field. Shower Bath Controller This device furnishes absolute thermostatic con trol of water supply to shower baths, either singly or .in gangs. Entirely auto matic in operation, and safe against scalding. Made in various sizes, up to 20 shower heads. Maximum tem perature 110 F. unless otherwise specified. Bulletin 124 gives full information and prices. Thermostatic Water Heater Heats water with high pres sure steam. W*rm Water Outlet Thermostatica11y con trolled. Used to heat water for washrooms, sinks, and shower baths in factories, and on all in dustrial processes where an instantaneous supply of warm water is desired. Bulletin 137 shows its application, prices, etc. Tank Temperature Regulation No. 11 Regulator controls temperature of liquids of all kinds under all conditions. Self-contained; requires no water or other auxiliary operating power. All metal. Of great durability, guaranteed accurate and positive in action. Easily installed. Used on hot water tanks and heaters, glue heaters, paraffin and grease tanks, etc. No. 12 Regulator, same as No. 11, with lever instead of spring adjustment. On request, it is furnished complete with chains and pulleys, for control of dampers of auxiliary coal burning tank heaters, both heat sources being controlled with one regulator. For more detailed information, send for Bulletin 129. Powers No. i Electric Air Compressor 428 Mixing Dampers 429 Temperature Regulation Honeywell Heating Specialties Company Wabash, Indiana Manufacturers of Honeywell Temperature Regulators for Residential or other Heating Plants--Hot Water, Vapor, Steam, or Hot Air. The Honeywell Tem perature Regulator is an automatic device which opens and closes the dampers of the heater (any type) whenever the room temperature varies one degree from that for which the Regulator is set. ModelS Automatic Thermostat The Honeywell Tem perature Regulator has but two parts, the ther mostat and the motor. The thermostat is placed on an inside wall at some central location and elec trically controls the op eration of the motor, which is- located near and connected to the heater. Wall Plate Used on alt Honeywell Thermostats ' The automatic regula tion so effected insures a constant temperature, day and night, minimum fuel consumption and maximum comfort and health. The cost of op eration, even with the electric motor models, is negligible. The Regulator is made -in three types, Gravity Motor, Spring Motor, and Elec tric Motor; and nine models, three of each type. The first model of each type is equipped with plain thermostat, re quiring manual adjustment for day artd night temperatures. The second model of each type is equipped with one-day clock pattern thermostat which auto matically brings the room temperature to the degree for which the Regulator is set, at any predetermined hour. The third model of each type is equipped with eightday automatic thermostat which auto matically regulates both the day and night temperatures, at any predetermined de gree and hour, without manual adjust ment of any kind. Gravity Motor Models Model G-4, Plain non-automatic night-to-day temperature regula tion ..................-.............................. $38.00 Model G-6, One-day clock pattern thermostat, automatic night-to day temperature regulation......... 45.00 Model G-8, Eight-day automatic thermostat, automatic night-to day and day-to-night tempera ture regulation .......................... 58.00 Spring Motor Models Model-4, Plain non-automatic night-to-day temperature regula- . tion........................-.......................................... $45.00 Model 6, One-day clock pattern thermostat, automatic night:today temperature regulation..... 52.00 Model 8, Eight-day automatic thermostat, automatic night-to day and day-to-night temperature regulation................................. -................... 65.00 Electric Motor Models Model 14, Plain non-automatic . night-to-day temperature regula- . tion........................ --............................... $70.00 Model 16, One=day clock pattern thermostat, automatic night-to day temperature regulation..... 77.00 Model 18, Eight-day automatic; thermostat, automatic night-to day and day-to-night tempera ture regulation........... -............................. 90.00 PRICES Including all wire, chain, pulleys, brackets, etc., necessary for installation. These prices are subject to trade dis counts. New Type Electric Motor 430 Trade Publications He Magazine NEW YORK 1123 Broadway. CHICAGO 105 So. Dearborn St. A Monthly Journal of Engineering Progress Fieid Heating and Ventilation is a specialized branch of engineering. It comprises consulting engineers who design the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems for schools, hospitals, hotels, office buildings, department stores, apart ment houses, institutions and in dustrial plants. They specify or buy the apparatus and material and supervise the installation--the most direct sales contact for manu facturers of such apparatus and material Readers Heating and Ventilating Engi neers. Board of Education Engineers. Superintendents of Central Sta tion Heating Plants and the big Heating and Piping Contractors throughout the United States. Calibre and buying power are outstanding characteristics of the readers of The Heating and Venti lating Magazine. Their services are required only where high grade material and workmanship are a larger consideration with the archi tect and owner than mere price. Reader Interest The reader interest is keen and genuine as evidenced by a circula tion obtained without a subscrip tion solicitor or agent. It is main tained by a well-rounded editorial program devoted' to progress in the heating and ventilating field. The program includes and provides for the publication of original articles by recognized engineers describing the latest ideas successfully applied in heating, ventilating and air con ditioning. Another important fea ture is the monthly publication of four pages of standard Heating and Ventilating data for use by En gineers in the design and layout of heating and ventilating systems. Rates Single insertion......$69.00 per page Twelve consecutive insertions.......... . 58.00 . per page Over 130 manufacturers, of heat ing and ventilating .apparatus and appliances are using the advertis ing columns of The Heating and Ventilating Magazine every month in the year. Member A. B. C. THE DIRECT ROUTE to the Specifier and Buyer of Heating and Ventilating Equipment Subscription Price $2.00 per year. 431 Member A. B. P. Valves and Heating Specialties Detroit Lubricator (ompany DETROIT. U . S . A. NEW YORK CHICAGO Largest Manufacturers of Radiator Valves in the World The "Genuine Detroit" Spring and Disc Packless Radi ator Valve has been developed to fulfill the need for a radiator valve that will not leak around the stem nor need repacking. It does away with the trouble and expense of leakage to which ordinary valves are subject and its construction makes it par ticularly. adapted for use on vacuum systems where tightness is essential. Its handsome appearance harmonizes with good surround ings and makes it suitable for use in homes, office buildings, hotels, etc. . Complicated parts are eliminated, so that the valve is simple in construction and so substantial that it carries the assurance Detroit Packless Radi ' alor Valve of satisfactory service over a period of years; It is quick open ing--opens and closes with less than a full turn of the handle-- is easy turning and is equipped with a new type of non-breakable round handle, with a permanent, black, hard rubber finish. Manufactured in angles, corners and globes H to 2 in. sizes. In satin nickel finish with polished trimmings. The "Genuine Detroit" No. 101 Quick Opening Hot Water Radiator Valve, Packed Type, is designed to overcome the difficulties of hard turning, always encountered with shell type valves. It operates on the principle of an elliptic swinging plate--set at 45 deg. angle --which is attached to the stem. By revolvingtthe handle one-half turn to the left, tfie valve is opened, while one- half turn to the right closes it. The narrow edge of the plate presents a very small area of contact with the body, so that any corrosion or encrustation--due to impuri ties in the water--is easily broken away.- This con struction insures the valve turning easily even after years of service. Detroit No. 101 . Quick Opening Hot Water Valve Pat'd June 6, 193 The interior plate is concave so that a passage of true elbow shape through the valve-is._developed when the plate is in full open position'. This shape offers much ' less resistance to the flow than is the case with valves of the shell type, where the liquid is forced to turn at a right angle. . . It is particularly sturdy in design with a stem which will stand hard usage and is equipped with a new type of non-breakable handle, handsome in appearance, and with a permanent, black, hard rubber finish. An indicator attached below the handle travels between two stops on the body marked "off" and "on" so a glance shows whether the valve is opened or closed. . The stuffing box is of gland form and easily adjusted to prevent leakage around the stem. The "Genuine Detroit" Equalizing Hot Water Radiator Valve is a valve of the above type equipped with a movable stop collar mounted on the neck and which provides a means of securing a uniform flow through each radiator, and permits the systems to be easily and accurately balanced, and perfect circulation insured. The handle, pointer engages this collar, creating the "on" position. The adjustment is a very simple exterior one easily made by the fitter after the valve is installed and the system is in operation. Detroit No. 105 Equalising Hot Water Valve Specify "Genuine Detroit" Valves and get insurance of constant satisfaction. ' 432 Values The Dole Valve Company 1923-1933 Carroll Avenue, CHICAGO, ILL. Manufacturers of a Complete Line of High Grade Packless Radiator Valves and Automatic Air Valves DOLE GRADUATED PACKLESS RADIATOR VALVES A short study of the sectional view shown will indicate that in designing the Dole Packless Graduated Valve every re quirement neces sary to make a satisfactory Graduated or Modulating Valve has been considered. Should any adjustment be desired after the Lever Handle Type of Dole valve is installed Packless Fig. sets merely loosen octagon nut on top of dial with special wrench which is furnished for the purpose, turn dial to left to the desired point, then tighten nut. Vapor or Vacuum Systems are an ac knowledged modern method of Scientific Heating. . Dole Packless Graduated Valves have proven particularly valuable in the proper functioning of many of the most successful systems now in operation. There is a Dole Valve for every type of Heating Sys tem -- whether it be steam, vapor, vacuum or hot water. Mechanical Engineers, Architects, Heating Con tractors' and Owners are becoming better ac quainted, as time goes on, with the quality and satisfaction which Dole Packless Radiator Valves offer. The majority of Knob Handle Style the above-mentioned in of Dole Packless dorse Dole Valves in the Fig. S 100 most hearty manner, realizing that quality, satisfaction and price are the three out standing features of the Dole Packless Radiator Valve--the valve with the ex clusive feature, Ball-Bearing Construction. DOLE SYPHON AIR VALVES Seating Pin--finely machined hard metal seating point, hydraulic pressed to perfect radius, preventing possibility of sticking or binding. Float--made of light but strong annealed brass, ris ing when water enters the valve and positively pre vents leakage. Inner Chamber of Float--contains exactly proper amount of thermo static liquid, which forma a powerful gas - the instant steam comes in contact, ex panding diaphragm and closing valve against es cape of steam oi water. Diaphragm--made of special spring bronze, convex shape, corrugated. Expands with heat, contracts back when cold, thus opening and closing valve automatically. Float Rest--one-piece, finely drawn biass, open on four sides to permit water to drain through syphon. Firmly braced into base, forming strong, substantial rest for float. Venting Seat--heavy construction, threaded and brazed into valve casing, thus preventing possible injury to venting seat after valve is installed. Syphon Lock Collar--made of extra heavy brass, firmly brazed to syphon, pre venting either accidental or intentional removal of syphon from valve. Base--heavy drawn brass, threaded on interior to meet exterior thread on casing. Firmly braced on casing to insure strength and durability. Syphon--made of one-piece annealed brass tubing, formed to perfect shape, to fit inside of radiator column. Assembledinto valve free from obstruction, thus per mitting air.valve to be attached to radiator syphon. Always hanging in proper posi tion inside of radiator. 433 .....-- --V--a-l-v-e-s- ' Donnelly Systems Company . 9 Murray Street NEW YORK; N. Y. TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY REGULATION OF SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION OF STEAM OR VAPOR .... . . Impulse Check Valves, Thermo-Differential Valves and other Specialties for One and Twopipe Vapor and Vacuum Return Line Systems. _ ! i ; i i j * .; i Impulse Check Valve The practical and theoretical experience of 37 years has developed the Donnelly Sys tems and the Donnelly Speci alties. . The general theory of design and con trol of the steam circulation in all Don nelly Systems is based upon the recog nized principle that in small systems there are,1 for short runs and for a limited number of automatic return valve de vices, no appreciable differences or losses in pressure. In other words, small sys tems have always proved simpler and more satisfactory in operation than larger systems. Therefore all Donnelly gravity and vacuum return line plants are divided into groups of convenient and restricted size. The former are provided with a Thermo-' Float Air Valve and the latter with a Thermo-Differential Valve for each group. The early recognition of this principle led to the design of the Impulse Check Valve, which is used at the return out lets of all radiators and coils in all Don nelly Systems, preventing any water or steam from entering the radiator from the return piping. It'is an Automatic Needle Valve, the size of the orifice through the seat being properly proportioned to the pipe size and to the rated capacity of the valve. The normal operation of the valve is the same in all systems, the weight oyer area of the disc and the size of the orifice being such that a complete discharge of the air and water is atall times effectedand a constant difference in pressure between the branch steam and return lines of one-half pound is always maintained. The entire operative mechanism of the Im pulse Valve is enclosed in a heavy removable tube which is inserted in a standard valve body and the valves are guaranteed for five years. Thermo-Differential Valve The Thermo-Differential Valve, used in Vacuum Return Line Systems is con structed as slpwn. It is made with a standard safety valve body and has a restricted seat which is proportioned to the capacity of the valve. The valve disc is provided with an impact surface, as in the Impulse Valve, and with a cup-shaped portion for holding-the weights, together with a central rod which acts as a guide for the vaporizing fluid thermostat. The opening in the bottom of the valve is intended as a cleanout and should be provided with a nipple and cap. A small leakage opening is provided in the seat so that the system will drain when shut down. A Thermo-Differential Valve is installed in each branch return so that no water, air or steam can pass into the main return without being properly regulated in pres sure and flow. Send, for information on latest develop ments in-Temperature Control. Catalogs and bulletins describing our specialties and their application will be gladly furnished on request. ,, 434 3i i i i Valves Jenkins Bros. Manufacturers of Valves and Mechanical Rubber Goods PRINCIPAL STORES AND OFFICES 80 White Street NEW YORK. N. Y. 524 Atlantic Avenue BOSTON. MASS. 133 North 7th Street 646 Washington Boulevard PHILADELPHIA. PA. CHICAGO. ILL. . Factories in ELIZABETH. N. J. and BRIDGEPORT. CONN. JENKINS BROS., LIMITED Canadian Works and Head Office: Montreal. Que., 103 St. Remi Street London Office: 6 Great Queen Street. Kingsway, W. C. 2 ` Fig. 142, Iron Body Globe, Flanged Fig. 106, . Bronze Globe, Screwed Fig. SS2, . Bronze Swing Check Valve PRODUCTS Jenkins Globe. Angle. Cross. Check. Hose. Blow-Off, Safety and Gate Valves; Radiator Supply Valves; Automatic Radiator Air Valves. Also, Rapid Actios Valves; Steam Traps; Gage Cocks; Marine Valves-- Valve Discs; Jenkins '96 and Jenarco Sheet Packing, GasketB, Pump Valves; Compressed Asbestos Jointing. Renewable Disc, Bronze and Iron Body Valves, Standard Patten Jenkins valves, standard pattern, all have a renewable disc which assures absolute tightness, and perfect seat contact. For steam use, the discs are made of hard-composition, which becomes pliable under the action of steam; for water, gas and air service, somewhat softer compounds are furnished. If grit or scale lodges on the seat it does not seriously injure the valve body, but becomes embedded iu the composition disc, thus saving the valve seat. Discs worn out in service can he replaced easily and quickly at very little expense. Ail parts are standardised and perfectly inter changeable. Valves seldom wear out completely. ' Fig, 170, Bronze Lock Shield Radiator Angle,, with Union Radiator Valves Jenkins globe and angle radiator valves are of thesame pattern and con struction as the standard pattern valves. They are carefully made of a superior grade of metal, and are unusually heavy and durable. Finished valves take a rich bronse color when polished, making them Fig. 170-G, particularly desirable for the finer grades of work. Bronze Lock Shield Regularly furnished with black composition wheels, or, if desired, with brass, wire or iron wheels. . Radiator Globe, Union Lock shield valves, to be operated with key, designed to prevent tamp, ering, can be supplied iu all the different patterns. Corner valves are made in two patterns--regular and offset. Offset globe and corner valves have the inlet at the lowest point, to avoid trapping of water and hammer on first admission of steam. ' For hot water heating, valves may be had, without extra charge, with a small hole drilled through diaphragm to permit slight circulation of water through radiatin'. - . When specified for hot water beating systems using forced circulation, valves are specially fitted for the service. Regular styles of finish follow: Fig. 180, Rough body, finished trimmings. No. 1 screwed. No. 6 with union. Bronze Offset Corner, Finished and polished all ova-, No. 2 screwed. No. 7 with union. _ Radiator with Union Rough body, nickel-plated trimming*, No. 3 screwed, No. 8 with union Rough body, nickel-plated all over, No. 4 screwed. No. 9 with union. Finished and nickel-plated all over, No. 5 screwed. No. 10 with union. - Catalog ' A catalog of all the Jenkins valves, giving rises, styles and list prices, mailed on request. - . Fig. 166, Bronze Radiator Angle. Screwed Fig. 361. ' Bronze Radiator Gate, Screwed Fig. 167, Bronze Radiator Globe, with Union - Fig. 370. Bronze Gate. Screwed Fig. 168, Radiator Angle, with Union 435 Fig. St5 Iron Body Gate, Screwed Fig. 166, Bronze Radiator Globe, Screwed Valves The Fulton Company NEW YORK Hudson Terminal Bldg. 50 Church Street PHILADELPHIA Drexel Bldg. 4th and Chestnut Streets Knoxville, Tennessee BRANCHES: DETROIT Book Bldg. Washington Boulevard Representatives in All Principal Cities CHICAGO Wrigley Bldg. Michigan Boulevard BOSTON Pope Bldg. 221 Columbus Avenue Patentees and manufacturers of Sylphon products. Sylphon Temperature and Pressure Regulators, Thermostats for regulating temperatures of homes by warm air furnaces, steam or hot water boilers; Temperature Regulating Radi ator Covers; Automatic Air and Vent Valves; Packless and Leakless Valves and other Heating Specialties. Advantages . All Sylphon devices em body the seamless, one-piece bellows of drawn metal shown at right. There is not a bit of solder throughout its length --no chance for leaks or breaks. It is a feature found exclusively in Sylphon Prod ucts. Sylphon diaphragms or bellows are made in sizes ranging from 1)4 to 12 in. O. 5. No. 304 Standard Pressure Packless Valve A special alloy Sylphon bellows surrounds the stem and turning parts, forming an ever-tignt bar rier to leakage of steam around the stem, nopacking, hence no need of repacking. This valve is largely used for hazardous liquids and is approved by the Under writers ' Laboratory (No. M. H. 988.) ' ... Cut Open Vtew No. 536 Sylphon Radiator Air Valve An improved radi ator air valve with large thermostat and float which renders it extremely powerful and positive in action. It is pleasing in design, rigid in construction and durable. The active principle is the Sylphon bellows which for many years has been used by this com pany in all of Cut-Open View Shows Sylphon bellows. It will not buckle or its heating boiler special ties. distort and will never lose its efficiency. Has ample movements, thus insuring tight closing of the valve. It is so Ask for Bulletin RAV 3 durable that, practi cally speaking, it will never wear out. No. 527 Quick Vent Valve . I|pr venting mains, long runs of pipe, indirect stacks, drop risers, and all low pres sure steam jobs where a large amount of air must be expelled quickly. Vents entire piping sys tem and thereby heating radiators quicker under less pressure. No adjustment. Does not close against water. Venting port -fa in. diameter. Valve connec tion % in. pipe thread. Ask for Bulletin RAV-3 No. 22 Steam Damper Regulator Used to control the. dampers on steam heating boilers. A simple, accurate regu lator which ' will control the draught so as to maintain a constantsteam pressure up to 51b. Thisreg-- ulator is sensitive, positive in action and will last a life time, due to the Sylphon one-piece, seamless, solderless, flexible metal bellows which it contains. Ask for Bulletin RD-3 No. 45-A Hot Water Damper Regulator Used to control the dampers on hot . water heating boilers. Simple, accurate regulators which will control the draft so as to maintain a constant temperature of the water at any point between 120' deg. and 220 deg. fahr. They prevent the tem perature of the water from rising higher than necessary, insuring faucet water of even temperature every hour of the day. They prevent the generating of steam in the system, thus eliminating the disagree able sputtering and blowing off when the faucet is Open. Ask for Bulletin RD-3 436 The Fulton Company Vahes No. 930 and No. 931 Temperature Regulators For nearly all requirements where liquids are heated by steam, and especially industrial uses. Regulators are regularly furnished with a tempera ture range of 140 deg. to 180 deg. fahr. Special regulators can be fur nished with adjustment for 20 deg. above or below the operating point for temperatures not lower than 20 deg. nor higher than 320 deg. fahr. No. 930 Regulator is the same as No. 931, ex cept that it has lever and weight method of adjust ment instead of spring type shown. The extreme sensitiveness, positive ac tion and simplicity of these regulators make them specially suitable for control of hot water service tanks, and hundreds of other uses. No. 931 Regulators are fur nished regularly in sizes from )4`to 2)4 in. inclusive, and the No. 930 Regulator in sizes from )4 to 8 in. inclusive. Upon application, a chart will be fur nished showing size of regulator for any given condition. Ask for Chart and Bulletin TR-3 No. 980 and No. 981 Temperature Regulators For automatic control of air tempera tures. Same as 930 and 931 except bulb, of our own patented design, which is "star shaped,'1 giving greatest area of exposed surface to cubical content and mass of any design known. Ask for Bulletin TR-3 No. 932 Temperature Regulator Detachable Tube Type: This is the latest development in self-contained reg ulators. This regulator is composed of power transmitting unit may readily be replaced by looseningtwo lock nuts, and the repair part slipped into place. Movement is transmitted by liquid pressure acting between two small Sylphon Bellows and is frictionless. Liquid is non-freezing. This regulator is specially applicable when steam line is awkwardly located or at considerable distance from point of control. Ask for Bulletin TR-3 Sylphon Regitherm The most powerful room thermostat on the market. Requires no electricity, com pressed air or clockwork to operate. Re sponds to slight changes in temperature of air and is used to control valves, dampers and shutters. Works smoothly, never' by jerks and is noiseless in operation. Requires no attention. Standard range 60 deg. to 80 deg. fahr. It is largely used in offices and industrial plant work rooms. Small and neat in appearance, being 6 wide by 7)4 in. long. Ask for Bulletin RR-3 The Ja-Nar Radiator Cover Made of fine furniture steel, lined with heat insulating material. Completely covers hot water and steam radiators. Can be installed in old homes as easily as in new. Furnished in light or dark oak, ma hogany, walnut and various tinted enamels, or to match any interior wood-work. Furnished in three types: 1st, Auto matic Temperature Control; 2nd, Man ually Operated Temperature Control; 3rd, Uncontrolled Type. The controlled type Ja-Nar Radiator cover is equipped with a thermostatic de vice which opens or closes the shutters to regulate the heat sent out into the room. This is absolutely automatic in operation and can be set to operate at any comfort able temperature desired. . bulb' tubing. Each unit may be sepa rately installed, removed or replaced as the case may be. If the flexible tubing should become damaged or broken, the Ask for Pamphlet on the Ja-Nar "Specification Data"--Send for our Specifications of Value" which gives com- plete engineering data in regard to the ab ve products. Valves Gorton & Lidgerwood Cor 96 Liberty St., . NEW YORK, N. Y. Gorton Quarter Turn Packing Lock Valves For all Systems of Steam, Hot Water, Vapor and Vacuum Heating Steam and Hot Water Boilers The Gorton Quarter Turn Packing Lock Radiator Valve is applicable to all systems noted above. The plug or disc, is the important part of the valve, in fact, it might be called the heart of the valve, for it is the feature that has made the advantages of the valve practicable. It is made of a mineral com position, not a metal, as metal to metal in this type of valve is inclined to corrode and stick. Our disc being made of a mineral composition will not corrode nor stick, and under ordinary working conditions there is no reason why the disc will not last as long as the valve body. The disc and stem are connected by a loose joint which makes it impossible to throw the disc out of its seat. A hole is drilled in the valve body to allow the steam or water to come on top of the disc keep ing it seated when in operation, the area of the downthrust being greater than the area of uplift, so that neither grit nor dirt can get in between the disc and the seat. The light bronze spring shown in cut is used only to keep the disc seated during transportation. Our packing device is simple and effec tive. The stem has a groove just above the bottom of the packing box. A special asbestos packing ring is forced into this groove by screwing down the packing box nut, which makes a "packing lock." The stem also has a ball shoulder which seats on the underside of the bonnet. This ball shoulder seat and "packing lock" make a packing device that eliminates all pos sibility of a leak. The "quarter turn" feature is of great importance because it makes the valve so easy to operate--simply a turn of the wrist will open or close the valve. VAPOR HEATING We take pleasure in calling your atten tion to our Single Pipe Vapor System which meets the demand for a Vapor System of moderate cost, that can easily be installed in any building usually heated with steani. The Gorton Single Pipe Vapor System operates on a Vapor pressure of 4 to 12 oz. as Vapor will circulate and fill all radiators on just enough . pressure to overcome friction in the pipes. Our Vapor System gives the same Economy and Efficiency as a two-pipe . vapor system because our Supply Valve is as easy to operate as a modulating valve-- Simply a turn of the wrist will open or close our Quarter Turn Packing Lock Radiator Valve. . In fact, it was this valve that made our Single Pipe Vapor System possible. 438 Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Valves Specifications--When specifying Gorton Quarter Turn Packing Lock Valves please include the following: "Gorton Schedule of Valve sizes acceptable for Gorton Valves." The Gorton Quarter Turn Packing Lock Valve has a full sized unobstructed hori zontal passageway through it, which allows the steam and water to flow freely through the valve, with practically no friction; therefore one size smaller valve is used than of the ordinary type. That is, a 1 in. Gorton Quarter Turn Packing Lock Valve is used on a 60 ft. radiator for single pipe connection instead of the in. valve required of the ordinary type. That also applies in vapor and Vacuum Heating. > ALWAYS USE THIS SCHEDULE FOR VALVE SIZES Steam Heating Single Pipe Connections Radiators up to 25 ft!.......... ....................H in. valve From 25 to 60 ft...................................... :...... 1 in. valve From 60 to 100 ft...................................... 1M in. valve From 100 to 200 ft..... ............... ........ .'. .1)4 in. valve Vapor and Vacuum Heating Two Pipe Connections Radiators up to 90 ft From 90 to 180 ft..... From 180 to 360 ft.. From 360 to 540 ft. From 540'to 720 ft. in. valve in. valve ....1 in. valve in. valve .1)4 in. valve The full size of pipe is run to elbow below valve, where reduction is made to valve size. HOT WATER HEATING Use The Regular Size of Valves According To The System Installed ROUGHING-IN MEASUREMENTS Size Vi A 3 yz Bm c 214 D 5% E3 \" I'A" Wi' m *ys 5 sy4 2 2ys 2% 2Vs m 3 31/2 4 m6 6% 2'h mva 3 % 2% Size Vi V 1V4" \'h" Straightway Valve With Union F4 5'/4 % &/ C m 3^ 4% 4ys m- D4 4!4 4% 4% HEATING BOILERS The Gorton Boilers are of steel, built according: to the A. S. M. E. Boiler Code. They are of the vertical tube type, self-contained, require no brick setting. They are self-feeding,- insuring a steady supply of heat for 10 to 12 hour with one firing. They are built for both steam and hot water systems. 439 9 Voices ' Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. 41 East 42nd St. NEW YORK CITY Factories: Eastwood, Syracuse and Oswego. N. Y.; Huntingdon, Pa.; Zanesville, O. . . Branch. Offices: New York, Brooklyn. Syracuse, Newark, Worcester, Boston. Philadelphia. Detroit, New London, Pittsburgh Radiator valves, high pressure valves, hot water valves, hot water thermometers, pressure gages. __________________________ The Pierce Packless Valve A Few of Its Outstanding Features I WOOCHATHEEL The stem disc (See the illustration) is io wmccl) made of fibre and is heat, steam and mois BOTTOM PLAT6- ture proof. It is carried o.n a stem seat STEM which is an integral part of the stem. This STEM DISC stem seat receives uniform pressure from STEM SEAT- a spring thereby seating and sealing the TOP (HEX) disc on the machined under-surface of the SPRING , valve top. Steam and water cannot escape. BONNET The steam disc can be renewed in a few OMATtNO TMHCABfO minutes (if after years of service there DISC HOLOER. appears need of renewal) without shutting -VALVE DISC off or inter DISC NUT- fering with UNION nutihe: the steam line. The valve opens and closes with one turn of the handle. The type provided with lever Sectional View Valve vaith Wood Wheel TOP NUT- handle grad- . uated dial is widely used on HANOLE CASTING. WOOO HANDLE I HANDLE SCREW , HANOLE BURR1 LOCK NUT. vapor sys tems. Pro vision is Pierce Packless Valve made for modulation with exact .relation to con ditions. The Pierce Valve is of heavy proportions with strong hex's and walls. It is made from high grade bronze castings and nickel plated before assembly, thereby avoiding deposits of nickel salts in working parts. Its joints are graphited before setting up and are accordingly easy to take apart. All parts are machined to precision under gage limits and inspection. 440 Valve xpith Lever Handle and Graduated Dial Ventilators The John Call Company VENTILATING SPECIALISTS 128 North Franklin Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. BRANCHES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES ROOF VENTILATORS AND WINDOW VENTILATORS UBERTVrr* Products The Liberty Ventilator. A roof ventilator for any type building or enclosure, such as Schools, Hospitals, Foun dries, Barns, Churches, Armories, Residences and similar structures. --- Also highly efficient for increasing draft in chimneys, flues, stacks, etc. Back drafts impossible, regardless of wind conditions. Rain or snow cannot penetrate. No moving parts to rattle or require attention. Substantially and staunchily built of any metal desired. Large stocks for prompt shipment. The Pul-Air Impingment Ventilator The Pul-Air Ventilator A good practical roof ventilator of the mushroom type, consisting of a double cone top. Scientific storm band and impingment band. Made in every size and of any metal. Strongly built. Large stocks carried. Will not hack draft; maximum of free areas. THE LIBERTY VENTILATOR LIBERTY VENTILATOR Good architectural lines and symetry ANATOMY OF LIBERTY VENTILATOR-- showing positive venturi action. White arrows indi cate outside winds. Black arrows foul air being pulled out Embraces all four principles of scientific ventilation:--1st, Impingment; 2nd, Positive and Negative sides of Ventilators; 3rd, Siphonage; 4th, Stack Action. A positive and complete venturi action. The Liberty Ventilator combines the principles of siphonage and air impingment. This in conjunction with the positive and negative sides of the ventilator creates a vacuum, to which the air is naturally sucked regardless of the direction of the wind. Stack action, also, is so accommodated as to accelerate this movement. The free areas of the Liberty ventilator create no resistant constant. Send for copies of tests conducted by Carnegie Institute of Technology, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ,Send for catalogue and prices. 441 v Ventilators American-Larson Ventilating Co. 324 Fourth Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA. . Product: American-Larson Ro tary Suction Ventilators--proven, by competitive tests, to be the most efficient ven tilator on the market. Efficiency: In a recent (Jan uary', 1923) test conducted by a disinterested party, more than 50 makes of ventilators were tested over a wide range of wind velocities and temperature differences with the result that the American-Larson Ventilator was shown to have the highest rating. Here are the reasons: The American-Larson Ventilator offers less re sistance to the passage of air than any other ven tilator, be it of the stationary or of the rotary type. The patented ejector tube effects air movement in direct ratio to wind velocities and temperature differences. Most ventilators do not function at all in wind only (no temperature difference) velocities below 3M miles per hour; furthermore, under tem perature differences as great as 20 deg. fahr., the efficiency of these ventilators actually decreases in gentle breeze up to 4 or 5 miles per hour velocity. The official report of the Institute says, in part: "The comparison shows that the American- Larson is far superior to both types at all wind velocities. At' very low velocities of wind, it still ventilates while the other types do not move any*air. Simi larly. the American-Larson Ventilator utilizes wind to increase the effect of temperature differences, while in the other types a gentle breeze actually dimin ished the ventilating effect." . Number and Size of Ventilators Required The air supply per person and per hour, or the number of reversals of air contents per hour may be taken from the following table: - Type of Room to be Ventilated Number of Renewals of Air Contents per Hour Dining rooms......................... . 5 to 8 Sto 10 Further proof of the efficiency of American- Larson Ventilators is furnished by a comparative test conducted by Professor Trinks of the Carnegie Institute of Technology of Pittsburgh, in 1921, The results are shown below: Restaurants...................................... 10 to 12 5 to 6 To obtain effective, uniform ventilation and avoid local drafts, ventilators should be placed not more than 30 ft. apart; 20 ft. is a good average. It is best to locate them at the ridge unless the building exceeds 40 ft. in width, when two rows of smaller ventilators may be used. Where the build ing is surrounded by higher buildings, it is desirable to extend ventilators above them by mounting on stacks; Example Showing Method of Calculation- In a building 100 ft. long. 35 ft. wide and 28 ft. average height the air is to be renewed 5 times per hour. How many and what size ventilators are required? With a spacing of ventilators 20 ft. apart and 10 ft. from the ends, in one row along the ridge, 5 ventilators are required. 00 x35x2Sit.) X 8 changes hr. = c,, f 5 ventilators per hour to be exhausted by each ventilator. From the table of capacities of American-Larson ven- . tutors under average wind and temperature con ditions. the nearest size is 24-in. size ' Requirements: Five 24-in. ventilators. For specified conditions of height, temperature and wind, the capacity of the American-Larson ventilator is: ' X =*18" Stationary Siphon Ventilator. Y = 18" Rotary Siphon Ventilator. Z = 18" American-Larson Suction Ventilator. where Q is cu-. ft. of air exhausted per hour, through a ventilator having the throat area of A sq. in., mounted on a roof at a height of H ft. from the center of the ventilator outlet to the floor, and with a wind velocity of V miles per hour, and average temperatures /l inside, and t outside the building. _ The above is based on sufficient area of openings in the sides of the building for, inlet of fresh air. 442 American-Larson Ventilating Co. Ventilators Suggested Form of Specification I (1) All ventilators shall be American-Larson Suction Ventilators, as manufactured by the American-Larson Ventilating Company, of Pittsburgh. Pa., and shall {shall notl be equipped with dampers. (2) The ventilators shall be made of (see Note 1) and shall be of the following gauges: Below 18-in. diam.. No. 24 gauge; 20 to 24-in. diam.. No. 22 gauge: 30 to 48-in. diam., No. 20 gauge; 54-in. diam.. No. 18 gauge. (3) Where so indicated the ventilators shall be mounted on extension piping of sufficient height to raise ventilators above surrounding obstruction. (4) The ventilators shall be erected plumb and in a substantial manner. Where extension pipes are used they shall be anchored to four points with Material of Ventilator Galvanized iron. Copper.. Choice of metal. Monel metal.. heavy gauge guy wires. (5) Ventilators for-------shall be equipped with fus ible links toclose dampers automatically i n case of fire. Dimensions, Gauges, Weights, Prices and Capacities Size (throat diam.), in. B in. C in. D in. E in. Iron List gauge price. No. damper List price. ventilators only Net weight. Crated weight lb. Average conservative discharge 5 miles velocity Uses of Ventilator I. All purposes for which no acid or corrosive . fumes pass: standard practice. 2; All purposes for which long life is desired, provided that no strong acia or alkaline fumes pass. - 3. For ventilating buildings or rooms from which acid or other corrosive fumes rise. 4. Same as No. 3: has longer life, but is more expensive. 5. Similar to copper, but a little cheaper. ' 8 27 10 10 10 24 $1.50 $20.00 10 34 13 12 12 24 2.15 20.00 12 41 16 13 13 24 2.90 30.00 14 48 18 17 17 24 3.30 35.00 16 55 21 20 20 24 3.80 40.00 18 62 24 2f ?.i 24 4.30 45.00 20 69 26 25 ?5 22 4.80 50.00 24 83 32 30 30 22 5.80 60.00 30 104 40 38 38 20 7.15 75.00 36 125 48 46 46 20 9.30 110.00 40 139 53 51 51 20 11.50 140.00 48 167 64 61 61 20 17.00 170.00 54 187 72 63 63 18 20.00 220.00 60 208 80 76 76 18 25.00 300.00 66 229 88 84 84 18 35.00 375.00 112 26 11,550 cu. ft. per hr. 18 26 32 35 46 57 17.820 24,800 34,980 a u > 39 70 46,200 * " 49 68 85 115 58,410 71,940 a u 92 145 103,620 " * . 146 206 161.700 * * 225 282 325 232,890 412 287,760 "u * 390 560 412.500 * 620 820 524,700 * " 790 1025 646.800 " * 930 1215 782,100 " 0 Prices subject to change without notice. Discounts furnished on request. Vane firmly riveted to top Vane reinforcement rods heav>| ily galvanized Vane keeps ejector presented to outside air currents, pre vents back-draft and makes ventilator stormproof and jdustproof____________ __ JUnrestricted area .permitting! [easy discharge minim, friction! ISpindle attached to reinforcing plate Mouth weather protected offering unrestricted area for exhaust ____________ ___ jHeavy standing seams adding| strength and rigidity Steel center spindle coatedI with rust resisting paint 1 Stabilizing rings on both top and base give concentric ac tion, making top and rod pivot as one . Ejector tube an exclusive patented feature. The air cur rents passing through create a suction that makes this the most efficient ventilator Direction of outside air current! through the ejector | IAxis of eiector in line with ex-| [haust which is always upward! Dustproof and rustproof ball bearing of best quality insures free pivot action and is noise less. Used as a steady bearing [Graphite *tep bearing needs no) j lubrication or attention Counterweight which: givesl ventilator perfect balance 1 Line of exhaust upwards of fering low resistanceto upward draft jEasily rotating design of 'spindle and ball bearing. and made of best materials iDesign of working parts in-| creases maximum efficiency 1 Noiseless pivoting--is fool-j proof and requiresno attention| AMERICAN-LARSON SUCTION VENTILATOR (Patented) 5939 S.E.--2/2--17.5 443 Ventilators The Iona Ventilator Company, Inc. 2821 W. Dauphin St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Designers and Manufacturers of Ventilators for 20 years ``XIT" and "IONA" Ventilators Adapted to Factories, Schools, Theatres, Hospitals, Public and Farm Buildings. , "XIT" VENTILATORS Vent Size In. Out Gauge side Height Iron DU. In. or In. Metal Approx. Finished Weights Lbs. Gauge Cop- List Prices 6 10V* 8V4 26 5 16 $ 12.00 7 12'/, 10'/* 26 6 16 14.00 8 w. II 26 8 16 16.00 9 lby4 12 26 10 16 18.00 10 18 13V? 24 12 21 Vi 15'A 24 14 25 I6V4 24 15 26V? 17 24 16 28V \Wi 22 18 30 19'A 22 20 34 22`/2 22 12 16 28 31 34 . 43 50 16 16 16 >8 18 18 18 20.00 24.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 36.00 40.00 22 38V? 24 24 43 26 22 22 55 61 18 44.00 18 48.00 26 46 28 22 84 20 52.00 28 50 30 22 105 30 54 32 22 131 20 56.00 20 65.00 32 57 34 22 146 20 80.00 Four basic principles are incorporated in the de sign and construction of "XIT" Ventilators: 2. Head 80 percent greater io diameter than eba/t of ventilator. 2. Width of storm band 80 per cent of diameter of shaft and so placed as to exclude external air from ventilator head. 3. Area for air leaving ventilator head 75 per cent greater than cross sectional area of shaft. 4. Air from central seo- 34 60 36 36 64 38'/j 40 /IV 42 42 77 45 44 79 48 48 86 51 54 97 57 60 107 63 66 118 69 72 129 75 22 22 20 20 20 20 18 18 18 18 160 176 238 275 305 350 615 757 880 980 20 100.00 20 120.00 20 160.00 20 190.00 20 200.00 20 240.00 24 300.00 24 360.00 24 420.00 24 480.00 tion of pipe specially pro vided for in second opening EXHAUST DATA CARD OF "XIT" VENTILATORS through frustum of cone which permits of reduction Cubic Feet of Air Through Ventilator per Hour in diameter of top cone and thereby decreases resistance to air leaving from central portion of ventilator. Guaranteed exhaust and storm proof. Liberal discounts. Damper and base prices and Outside 70 70* 70* 70* 70* . Mi. per Hour 12 | 14 16 18 20 24 30 1 '36 40 1 48 3 20.mJz7.783 36.352 45.960 50.804 81.811 I27.00jl93.267 225.792 326.044 5 24.46ffl33.075 43,276 M.714 60.480 97,036 151,2001218.198 268.800 388.147 10 34.24446.305 60.536 79.599 84,672 125.850 2ll.68ffl305.477 37632ffl M3.405 15 47.94H64.827 84.750 111,438 118.540 I76.I9C 296.352427.66/ 526.848 760.767 20 67.117190.757 118.650 156.013 165.956 246.666 414.8921598.733 737.587ll.065.073 Increase in velocity of wind over five miles, increases exhaust 8 per cent per mil** Higher inside temperature increases exhaust 1 7-10 per cent per degree. In elevation over 25 feet, exhaust increase varies as square root of height. "IONA" VENTILATORS Vent Size In. Out Gauge side Height Iron DU. In. or In. Metal Approx. Finished Weights Lbs. Gauge Cop- P" Oz. List Prices 6 10 6 26 3 8 14V? 7 26 4 to 18 9 24 6 12 21 14 24 10 12 2224 8 14 16 27 13 22 20 18 31 14 22 26 20 34 15 22 30 \ 24 42 30 51 36 62 18 22 23 20 27 20 42 75 118 42 77 31 18 182 48 82 35 18 275 M 94 38 18 300 60 104 43 18 335 72 130 60 18 630 16 $ 3.40 16 4.65 16 5.75 16 6.75 18 13.00 18 20.00 18 27.00 18 33.00 18 40.00 20 65.00 20 120.00 20 190.00 20 240.00 24 300.00 24 360.00 24 480.00 444 Water Treatment Apparatus COCHRANE CORPORATION Formerly Harrison Safety Boiler Works 3120 North 17th Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. "COCHRANIZE THE HEATING SYSTEM" The Cochrane Deaerating Heater expels oxygen and other gases from water and thereby prevents corrosion in hot water heating and service piping, economizers and boilers. The water is delivered at any temperature above 140 deg. fahr. The steam can be expanded in a turbine or engine down to a vacuum cor responding to the temperature at which, the deaerated water is delivered. Deaerating Heater The Cochrane Steam-Stack and Cut-Out Valve Heater and Receiver for use with ex haust steam heating or drying systems, does the work of a heater and of the independent separator ordinarily installed in * by-pass around the heater. The combination saves the cost of installing an independent separator. Steam Stack Healer Flow Meter The Cochrane Integrating Flow Meter is a simple, reliable and accurate device for measuring-water, steam or air flowing in pipes. There are no working parts in the pressure chambers and no stuffing boxes. The chart divisions are uniform. The pressure connections are included in the oriflee plate, eliminating errors from faulty connections. Bock Pressure Valve The Cochrane Multiport Back Pressure Valve differs from.the ordinary back-pressure valve in that a number of on Separator small discs are used instead of one large disc, thus reducing the size, weight and travel of the discs. Pressure easily adjustable but predetermined back pressure cannot be exceeded. The Cochrane Oil Separator, Exhaust steam purified of oil by passing through a Coch rane Oil Separator is worth as much pound for pound, as live steam at the same pressure for heating buildings, heating water, etc. The condensed returns will be free of oil. Drainer The Cochrane Drainers or Traps removecondensateordrips from piping, heating or drying coils, radiators, jackets steam and oil separators, etc. The low pressure drainer has balanced cylindrical valve with large ports, and large capacity at low operating pressure. The high pressure trap is built of the best materials for pressures up to 250 lb. Parts are few, simple and easily accessible. High Pressure Trap 445 Index to Modern Equipment AMERICAN SOCIETY of HEATING and VENTILATING ENGINEERS GUIDE 1924-25 AIR COCKS (See Cocks, Air) AIR CONDITIONING American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Badger. E. B.. & Sons Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock .Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call. John. Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Drying Systems, Inc. Fleisher. W. L.. & Co.. Inc. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Mid-west Air Filters. Inc. New York Blower Co. Reed Air Filter Co., Inc. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. AIR DIFFUSERS (See Diffusers, Air) AIR DRYING (See Drying Ap paratus) % AIR ELIMINATORS (See Elimi nators, Air) AIR FILTERS (See Filters. Air) AIR PUMPS (See Pumps, Air) AIR TESTING INSTRUMENTS Hill, E. Vernon, Co. AIR VALVES (See Valves, Air) AIR WASHERS American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Badger, E. B., & Sons Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. ` Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call, John, Co. . Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Fleisher. W. L., & Co.. Inc. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Mid-west Air Filters, Inc. New York Blower Co. Reed Air Filter Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. AMMONIA COILS (See Coils, Ammonia) ASBESTOS AND INSULATING PRODUCTS Brecht Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. . Norristown Magnesia & Asbestos Co. Ric-wil Co. ASBESTOS--Sheet Brecht Co. Johns-Manville. Inc. Norristown Magnesia & Asbestos Co. AUTOMATIC FURNACES (See Furnaces, Automatic) BAKING EQUIPMENT Drying Systems, Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. BLAST GATES (See Gales, Blast) BLOWERS--Centrifugal Smith. H. B., Co. American Blower Co. ' Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Hersh Brothers Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Standard Heater Co. Titusville Iron-Works Co. XXth Century Heating & .Ventilating Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Utica Heater Co. Weil-McLain Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Heating (Gas Fired) Fan American Radiator Co. American Blower Co. Ames Iron Works Bayley Mfg. Co. Brownell Co. . Bishop & Babcock Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Clarage Fan Co. Continental Heater Corp. Hersh Brothers Co. General Boilers Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Heggie Simplex Boiler Co. Nash Engineering Co. Oil City Boiler Works New York Blower Co. Page, Wm. H.. Boiler Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Pressure ' American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Nash Engineering Co. New York Blower Co. Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. . . ` Heating (Oil Fired) American Radiator Co. Ames Iron Works Brownell Co. Bunting Iron Works Continental Heater Corp. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. General Boilers Co. Ventilating Heggie Simplex Boiler Co. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. - Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Iona Ventilator Co., Inc. New York Blower Co. Hornung, J. C. Kewanee Boiler Co. Oil City Boiler Works Page, Wm. H.P Boiler Co. __ Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. " Richmond Radiator Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Weil-McLain Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Tubular Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Ames Iron Works Brownell Co. : - BOILER -- Compounds (See Compounds, Boiler) Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., Inc. Controllers (See Controllers) Coverings (See Asbestos and Insu Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Heggie Simplex Boiler Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. lating Products) Oil City Boiler Works Feeders McAlear Mfg. Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Standard Heater Co. . Titusville Iron Works Co. ' Feed Pumps (See Pumps) Headers (See Headers) Liquid "X" Laboratories BRACKETS (See Hangers, Pipe and Radiator, and Radiator Brackets) ` BURNERS--Oil (For Heating Boilers and Furnaces) Scale Remover (See Scale Re mover, Boiler) '. Bunting Iron Works . ' Winslow Boiler & Engineering Co. BOILERS--Heating (Coal Fired) Abendroth Bros. American Radiator Co. Ames Iron Works Brownell Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Continental Heater Corp. Cox, Abram. Stove Co. Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., Inc. General Boilers Co. ' Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. International Heater Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Molby Boiler Co., Inc. National Radiator Co. Oil City Boiler Works Page. Wm- H.. Boiler Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Prox. Frank, Co. . Reading Heater & Supply Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Richmond Radiator Co. CALORIMETERS--Steam Ellison, Lewis M- CEMENT--Asbestos' (See Asbestos and Insulating Products) Fire Brick . Johns-Manville, Inc. Pipe Joint Crane Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Johns-Manville, Inc. Water Proof Brecht Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. CENTRIFUGAL DRYERS (See Drying Apparatus) COAL SAVER Combustion Specialties Corp. 446 Index to Modern Equipment COCKS--Air Crane Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Mueller Co. Fan Engine Clarage Fan Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. DIFFERENTIAL LOOPS Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. DIFFUSERS--Air Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Boiler Drain . Mueller Co. Co. 9 Detroit-Lubricator Co. Mueller Co. Feed Water Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. DRAFT GAGES (SeeGages, Draft) Boiler Supply Mueller Co. Gage McAlear Mfg. Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Motor DRYING APPARATUS American Blower Co. American Foundry & Furnace Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Brecht Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Jenkins Bros. Marsh. Jas. P., & Co. COILS--Ammonia Brecht Co. . Buffalo Forge Co. . Mason Regulator Co. Call, John. Co. Reliance Electric & Engineering Carrier Engineering Corp. Co. . Clarage Fan Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Drying Systems, Inc. Trane Co. . ^ _ Fleisher. W. L., & Co., Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. . Grinnell Co.. Inc. `. Brecht Co. Crane Co. . Grinnell Co., Inc. Pennsylvania Engineering Co. Blast ' New YoTk Blower Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Pump Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Davis. G. M.t Regulator Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. -- Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. .. Moncrief Furnace Co. New York Blower Co. . Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. DUST COLLECTING SYSTEMS York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Shower Bath - (See Systems, Dust Collecting) Pipe American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. ' Mueller Co. Powers Regulator Co. Tank DUST COLLECTORS - Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. . . Brecht Co. Crane Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Pennsylvania Engineering Co. Thermal Appliance Co. Tank Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Call. John. Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Hersh Brothers Co. New York Blower Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. . Brecht Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. . Temperature (See Regulators. Temperature) ` York Heating & Ventilating Corp. COLLECTORS, DUST (See Dust Collectors) COLUMNS--Water American Radiator Co. CONVEYING SYSTEMS (See Systems, Dust Collecting and Ex haust) . COOLING TOWERS DUST COUNTERS Hill, E. Vernon. Co. ". DUST SEPARATORS (See Sep arators, Dust) Crane Co. Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. COMPOUNDS--Boiler "X" Laboratories COMPRESSORS Brecht Co. Carrier Construction Co Carrier Engineering Corp. COVERING--Boiler (See Asbes tos and Insulating Products) ' Magnesia ELBOWS--Radiator ' Crane Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Fulton Co. ELECTRIC MOTORS (See tors. Electric) Mo Bishop & Babcock Co. Brecht Co. Nash Engineering Co. Powers Regulator Co. . - Johns-Manville. Inc. Norristown Magnesia & Asbestos Co. ' ELIMINATORS--Air Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. - Trane Co. ' Pipe and Tank Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc.- CONDENSERS Alberger Heater Co. Brecht Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. ' Ric-wil Co. DAMPER--Quadran ts . Marsh, Jas. P.. & Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. New York Blower Co.. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Carrier Construction Co.- Carrier Engineering Corp. Pennsylvania Engineering Co. CONDUIT--Underground Hornung, J. C. ' Johns-Manville, Inc. Ric-wil Co. ' . Dalzell Bros. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. DAMPER REGULATORS (See Regulators, Damper) DEAERATORS Cochrane Corp. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. ENGINES--Fan American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg- Co. Brownell Co. . Clarage Fan Co. CONTROL SWITCHES Switches, Control) CONTROLLERS--Boiler DEHUM IDIFYING (See TUS APPARA American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Heat Control Service Co., Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call, John, Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. ' Steam (Automatic,. High Speed. Throttling, Una-Flow, and Ver tical) American Blower Co. Ames Iron Works Electric Heat . Fleisher, W. L. & Co., Inc. Brownell Co. Johnson Service Co. Powers Regulator Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. New York Blower Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Clarage Fan Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Titusville Iron Works Co. 447 Index to Modern Equipment EQUALIZING LOOPS Pipe Vacuum ' Marsh, Jas. P,, & Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Crane Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Bishop & Babcock Co. * Crane Co. EXHAUST FANS (See Fans, Ex International Heater Co. haust) - Union Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. EXHAUST HEADS Crane Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. . Carrier Construction Co. McAIear Mfg. Co. Patterson- Kelley Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. FOG ELIMINATORS Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren, & Co. Sldnner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co. Taylor Machine Works FURNACES--Automatic Riley, Sanford, Stoker Co. Water American Radiator Co. Crane Co. EXHAUST SYSTEMS American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Gas Cox. Abram. Stove Co. XXth Century Heating & Detroit Lubricator Co. Marsh, Jas. P.. & Co. Taylor Instrument Companies - U. S. Radiator Corp. Call, John, Co. Carrier Construction Co. Clarage Fan Co. Fleisher. W. L., & Co., Inc. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co, New York Blower Co. . Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc. Sturtevant. B. F,, Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Ventilating Co. Pipeless Cox, Abram, Stove Co. International Heater Co. Langenbeig Mfg. Co. Moncrief Furnace Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. GAS--Burners XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. Furnaces (See Furnaces, Gas) Heaters--Room (See Heaters, Gas) Heating Systems (See Heating EXPANSION JOINTS (See Joints, Expansion) / FANS--Blower (See Blowers. Fan) Exhaust American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Construction Co. Clarage Fan Co. Hersh Brothers Co. ' Warm Air ' American Foundry & Furnace Co. Cox. Abram, Stove Co. Dalzell Bros. Co. International Heater Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Moncrief Furnace Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. Systems, Gas) Water Heaters Crane Co. Brownell Co. ' Page. Wm. H.. Boiler Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. GASKETS--Asbestos Crane Co. Jenkins Bros. John9-Manville, Inc. Norristown Magnesia & Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. New York Blower Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg.'Co.. Inc. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Wing. L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. GAGE--Boards Bishop & Babcock Co. Brecht Co. Dunham, C.-A., Co. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. Asbestos Co. Boiler Johns-Manville, Inc. Metallic Crane Co. Ventilating American Blower Co. ' Cocks (See Cocks, Gage) Johns-Manville. Inc. Rubber . Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Glasses (See Glasses, Gage) Crane Co. Jenkins Bros. Clarage Fan Co. Valves (See Valves, Gage) GATES--Blast Hersh Brothers Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. New York Blower Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Wing. L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. FILTERS--Air GAGES--Draft Ellison, Lewis M. Pressure Bishop & Babcock Co. Brecht Co. Crane Co. Donnelly Systems Co. ' American Blower Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Construction Co. Clarage Fan .Co. ; Hersh Brothers Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. GENERATOR COOLING Bayley Mfg. Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. SYSTEMS Call, John, Co. Drying Systems, Inc. Midwest Air Filters. Inc. Reed Air Filter Co., Inc. . Water . Cochrane Corp. FIRE BRICK CEMENT (See Ce Marsh. Jas. P., & Co. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren. & Co. American Blower Co. Buffalo Forge Co. . Carrier Engineering Corp. Sturtevant. B; F;, Co. GENERATORS--Electric Reliance Electric & Engineering Co. ment, Fire Brick) FITTINGS--Flanged , Steam American Radiator Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. ' Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Crane Co. Crane Co. Heat (See Bothers, Furnaces and Grinnell Co., Inc. Dunham, C. A., Co. ' Heaters) Furnace Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. ' ' Hot*Water- Grinnell Co., Inc. Pierce. Butler& Pierce Mfg. Corp. . Brownell Co. - International Heater Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. . ' Excelso Specialty Works, Inc. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren, & Co. Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co.. 448 Index to Modern Equipment Vacuum O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Trane Co. GLASSES--Gage ' Crane Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Feed Water Alberger Heater Co. . Brownell Co. Cochrane Corp. Patterson-Kelley Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. Unit American Blower Co. . Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Moncrief Furnace Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. GOVERNORS--Condensation McAIear Mfg. Co. Pump (5m Regulators, Pump) Vacuum (See Regulators, Vacuum) Gas Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Cox. Abram, Stove Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Water (Incinerator) Kewanee Boiler Co. GRATES--Dumping Hot Water Service Abendroth Bros. Brownell Co. ' Kewanee Boiler Co. Oil City Boiler Works Alberger Heater Co. American Radiator Co. Brownell Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Cochrane Corp. Rocking Excelso Specialty Works, Inc. Abendroth Bros. - - Brownell Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Oil City Boiler Works Heggie Simplex Boiler Co. International Heater Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. Prox, Frank, Co. Shaking Reading Heater & Supply Co. ' Abendroth Bros. ` Brownell Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Oil City Boiler Works . Titusville Iron Works Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Smith. H. B., Co. Standard Heater Co. Taylor Machine Works Thermal Appliance Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. GRILLES AND REGISTERS (S Weil-McLain Co. Registers and Grilles) HANGERS--Adjustable Pipe Indirect HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS Abendroth Bros. American Blower Co. American Foundry & Furnace Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Davis. G. M.. Regulator Co. Fleisher, W. L., & Co.. Inc. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Heggie Simplex Boiler Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. International Heater Co. Marsh, Jas. P... & Co. Nash Engineering Co. New York Blower Co. Norristown Magnesia & Crane Co. _ Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Smith, H. B., Co. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Excelso Specialty Works, Inc. Asbestos Co. ` Reading Heater & Supply Co. Smith, H. B., Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant. 0. F., Co. Pipe Brecht Co. Crane Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Molby Boiler Co.. Inc. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Thermal Appliance Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. U. S. Radiator Corp. Utica Heater Co. Wing. L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Healy-Ruff Co. Midwest Air Filters, Inc. Industrial Bayley Mfg. Co. HEATING SPECIALTIES American Radiator Co. Radiator Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Barnes & Jones American Radiator Co. Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co. Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. Gleockle, A. F., Jr. Grinnell Co., Inc. Healy-Ruff Co. ' Kewanee Boiler Co. Smith, H. B., Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Buffal6 Forge Co. Drying Systems, Inc. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Moncrief Furnace Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Wing. L. J.. Mfg. Co. Instantaneous Hot Water Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Combustion Specialties Corp. Crane Co. Davis. G. M*. Regulator Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Fulton Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. HEADERS Atberger Heater Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. . Crane Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. HEAT INTERCHANGERS Alberger Heater Co. Cochrane Corp. Patterson-Kelley Co. Thermal Appliance Co. Room Grinnell Co.. Inc. _ Heggie Simplex Boiler Co. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Homung. J. C. Marsh, Jas. P*. & Co. Mason Regulator Co. . American Blower Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Cochrane Corp. Drying Systems, Inc. HEATERS--Air (Electric) - Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. International Heater Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Moncrief Furnace Co. Tank McAIear Mfg* Co. Monash-Younker Co., Inc. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page, Wm. H*. Boiler Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Abendroth Bros. Brownell Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. - Trane Co. ` Automatic Hot Water Burnham Boiler Corp. U. S. Radiator Corp. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. Webster. Warren. & Co. Crane Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Mueller Co. International Heater Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Molby Boiler Co., Inc. Page. Wm. H.. Boiler Co. HEATING SYSTEMS--Gas Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. Blast Patterson-Kelley Co. O-E Specialty Mlg. Co Aerofin.Corp. Fan System Prox. Frank, Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Smith. H. B.. Co. Standard Heater Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. XXth Century Heating & Aerofin Corp. Standard Heater Co. Ventilating Co. 449 Index to Modern Equipment Hot Blast Cochrane Corp. HOT BLAST HEATING SYS American Blower Co. American Foundry & Furnace Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham. C. A., Co. TEMS (See Heating Systems, Hot Blast) Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge.Co. . Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Marsh. Jas. P.. & Co. HOT WATER HEATERS. AUTO MATIC (See Heaters, Automatic Hot Water) ` Oarage Fan Co. . Donnelly Systems Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Langenberg Mfg. C/ McAlear Mfg. Co. ' Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. Smith. H. B.. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. HOT WATER HEATERS, IN STANTANEOUS (See Heaters, Instantaneous Hot Water) HOT WATER HEATERS, SERV Moncrief Furnace -Co. New York Blower Co. Webster, Warren. & Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. ICE (See Heaters, Hot Water Service) Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. . XXth Century Heating & ' Ventilating Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Hot Water Steam (Vacuum) Abendroth Bros. Barnes & Jones Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. HOT WATER HEATING SYS TEMS (See Heating Systems, Hot Water) - HUMIDIFIERS American Blower Co. . Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Bayley Mfg. Co. Abendroth Bros. Barnes & Jones Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Carrier Construction Co. Cochrane Corp. Cox. Abram. Stove. Co. D. & T. Mfg. Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Heggie Simplex Boiler Co. Honeywell HeatingSpecialties Co. International Heater Co. National Radiator Co. Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. . Prox. Frank, Co. . Reading Heater & Supply Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. Donnelly Systems Go. Dunham. C. A.. Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co.,- Inc. , Illinois Engineering Co. ' Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. Smith, H. B., Co. Standard Heater Co. ! Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren. & Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Standard Heater Co^ ' Steam (Vapor) Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call. John. Co. . Carrier Engineering Corp. Drying Systems. Inc. Fleisher. W. L., & Co., Inc. Grinnell Co., Inc. Johnson Service Co. New York Blower Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. HUMIDITY CONTROL American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Drying Systems, Inc. Taylor Machine Works XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. ' U. S. Radiator Corp. - York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Steam ' Abendroth Bros. American Foundry & Furnace Co. Barnes & Jones ' ' Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. , Buffalo Forge Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Carrier Construction Co. . _ Carrier Engineering Corp. Cox. Abram, Stove Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. : Grinnell Co., Inc. Heggie Simplex Boiler Co. International Heater Co. Marsh, Jas. P,, & Co. . National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Standard Heater Co. Abendroth Bros. Barnes & Jones _ Bishop & Babcock Go. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. ' Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. ' Grinnell Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. International Heater Co. Marsh, Jas. P.. & Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. Standard Heater Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. ' U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren. & Co. 1 York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Warm-Air . Fleisher, W. L., & Co., Inc. Grinnell Co.. Inc. . Heat Control Service Co., Inc. Johnson ServiceCo. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. ' Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co. Taylor Instrument Companies INCINERATORS, Hot Water (See Healers, Water, Incinerator) INSTRUMENTS--Air Testing (See Air Testing Instruments) Indicating Hill, E. Vernon, Co. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Sarco Co., Inc. Taylor Instrument Companies Recording * Marsh, Jas. Pi,-& Co. Taylor Instrument Companies INSULATING MATERIALS (See A sbestos and Insulating Products) Cold \ ' Trane Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. . U. S. Radiator Corp. American Foundry & Furnace Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Brecht Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. Norristown Magnesia & Asbestos Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. Heat .' Wing, L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Dalzell Bros. Co. International Heater Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. Norristown Magnesia & Steam (Exhaust) Barnes & Jones .. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Moncrief Furnace Co. New York Blower Co. Asbestos Co. JO I NTS--Expansion Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. . Alberger Heater Co. Badger, E. B., & Sons Co. Crane Co. Fulton Co. 450 Index to Modern Equipment Grinnell Co., Inc. Hornung. J. C. Illinois Engineering Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. Pipe Crane Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. KILNS, DRY American Blower Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Drying Systems, Inc. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. LIQUID, BOILER (See Boiler Liquid) Spray Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Badger. E. B.. & Sons Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Grinnell.Co., Inc. . Sturtevant, B. F., Co. OIL BURNERS Bunting Iron Works _ Winslow Boiler & Engineering Co. PACKING--Asbestos Jenkins Bros. Johns-Manville, Inc. New York Blower Co. Metallic PRESSURE GAGES (See Gages, Pressure) ' PROTECTORS--Radiator American Radiator Co. Fulton Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. PSYCHROMETERS Hill, E. Vernon, Co. PUBLICATIONS Heating & Ventilating Magazine Journal of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers PUMPS--Air LOOPS, EQUALIZING (See Johns-Manville, Inc Equalizing Loops) Rubber -. , Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. _ Economy Pumping Machinery LUBRICATORS . Detroit Lubricator Co. MACHINES, REFRIGERATING (See Refrigerating Machinery) Jenkins Bros. PIPE--Bending Badger, E. B., & Sons Co. -Brecht Co.' ' Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. MAGNESIA PRODUCTS (S Asbestosand Insulating Products) MECHANICAL DRAFT APPARATUS American Blower Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Mason Regulator Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. METAL WEATHER STRIPS Crane Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. ' * Automatic Electric Economy Pumping Machinery Cast Iron 1 Co. Abendroth Bros. . , Nash Engineering Co. Crane Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. - . Boiler Feed Buffalo Steam Pump Co. > Coils (See Coils, Pipe) Economy Pumping Machinery Covering (See Covering, Pipe and Tank; also, Conduits) Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. - Fittings Abendroth Bros. Crane Co. . Nash Engineering Co. SkidmoreCorp. Trane Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Centrifugal (See Weather Strips, Metal) METERS--Feed Water Cochrane Corp. Flow Cochrane Corp. Pitot Tube . Cochrane Corp. Steam Cochrane Corp. V-Notch Cochrane Corp. Hangers (See Hangers, Pipe) Joint Cement (See Cement, Pipe Brecht Co. .. Buffalo Steam Pump Co., Economy Pumping Machinery - Joint) VS-. Plugs (See Plugs, Pipe) Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. Wrought Iron and Steel Crane Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. ' Skidmore Corp. Taylor Machine Works, Trane Co; PIPELESS FURNACES (See Fur naces, Pipeless) . PITOT TUBES AND GAGES Circulating ' Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Nash Engineering Co. . Hill. E. Vernon, Co. Condensation Water Johns-Manville, Inc. Weighing Cochrane Corp. . MICA Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. MOISTENERS, AIR (See Humidi fiers) PLATES--Floor Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co. PLUGS--Fusible. Crane Co. - . Detroit Lubricator Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Pipe Crane Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. - Buffalo Steam Pump Co. - Economy Pumping Machinery Co. . Goulds Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. Skidmore Corp. . Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. . Electric ` . ' , Buffalo Steam Pump Co.. ' ' Economy Pumping'Machinery MOTOR CONTROLLERS (See Controllers, Motor) MOTORS--Electric Radiator . . Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. POWER PLANT SUPPLIES Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. Skidmore Corp. Brecht Co. Reliance Electric & Engineering Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. . Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. NOZZLES--Brine Spray ' Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Brecht Co. Buffalo Forge Co. ` Grinnell Co., Inc. Buffalo Forge Co. . Crane Co. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. . Illinois Engineering Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason-Regulator Co. Norristown Magnesia & Asbestos Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Trane Co. . Rotary ' Buffalo Steam Pump Co. # Economy Pumping Machinery Co. . - Goulds Mfg. Co. Nash' Engineering Co. Steam ' Buffalo Steam Pump Co. 451 I . . . j Index to Modern Equipment Sump Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. ' Turbine Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Economy Pumping Machinery Co.' Goulds Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. Trane Co. Vacuum Buffalo .Forge Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. Skidmore Corp. Trane Co. RADIATOR --Air Valves (See Valves, Air) Brackets American Radiator Co. Continental Heater Corp. Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. Gleockle, A. F.. Jr. Grinnell Co., Inc. Healy-Ruff Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Smith. H. B.. Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. York Heating & Ventilating Corp- Covers American Radiator Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. ELBOWS (See Elbows, Radiator) Hangers (See.Hangers. Radiator) Humidifiers (See Humidifiers) Return Line Valves (See Valves, Return Line) Shields (See Protectors, Radiator) Traps (See Traps, Radiator) Valves (See Valves. Radiator) RADIATORS--Fan System Aerofin Corp. Hot Water Aerofin Corp. American Radiator Co. . Bayley Mfg. Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Continental Heater Corp. Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Molby Boiler Co.. Inc. National Radiator Co. Page. Wm. H.. Boiler Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Richmond Radiator Co. Smith. H. B., Co. U.' S.-Radiator-Corp. ' ' Weil-McLain Co. Steam Aerofin Corp. American Radiator Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Continental Heater Corp. Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Molby Boiler Co.. Inc. National Radiator Co. Page, Wm. H.p Boiler Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp Richmond Radiator Co.' Smith. H. B.. Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Weil-McLain Co. Wall American Radiator Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Continental Heater Corp. Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. / Molby Boiler Co., Inc. / National Radiator Co. Page, Wm. H.. Boiler Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Richmond Radiator Co. Smith, H. B., Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Weil-McLain Co. RECEIVERS--Air Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Carrier Construction Co. Illinois Engineering Co.' Kewanee Boiler Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Trane Co. Ammonia Pennsylvania Engineering Co. Condensation Bishop & Babcock Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Mason Regulator Co. Nash Engineering Co. Trane Co. REFRIGERATING . MACHINERY . Brecht Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Pennsylvania Engineering Co. REFRIGERATING SECTIONS American Radiator Co. ' REGISTERS AND GRILLES Carrier Construction Co. REGULATORS--Damper American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. D. & T. Mfg. Co. Datzell Bros. Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. Fulton Co. Heat Control Service Co.. Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Honeywell HeatingSpecialties Co. Marsh, Jas. P.. & Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. Mueller Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren. & Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp* Feed Water American Radiator Co. Jenkins Bros. Powers Regulator Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Webster. Warren, & Co. Humidity , - Carrier Engineering Corp. ' Heat Control Service Co., Inc. Johnson Service Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Pressure . American Radiator Co Crane Co. v'. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. Fulton Co. Heat Control Service Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Johnson Service Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Pump Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham; C. A., Co. Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Steam American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Jenkins Bros. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Webster, Warren. & Co. Temperature American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Brecht Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. Crane Co. D. & T. Mfg. Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Fulton Co. Heat Control Service Co., Inc. . Honeywell HeatingSpecialtiesCo. Hornung. J. C. Johnson Service Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. . Stickle Steam Specialties Co'. Taylor Instrument Companies U. S. Radiator Corp. . Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Vacuum American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A.. Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren, & Co. * Vapor American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis. G. M.. Regulator Co. . Donnelly Systems Co. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. . 452 Index to Modern Equipment Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Water American Radiator Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. SPRAY COOLING SYSTEMS Badger, E. B., & Sons Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Brecht Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Dust Collecting Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call. John. Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. New York Blower Co. Fulton Co. Jenkins Bros. Mason Regulator Co. SPRAY NOZZLES (See Notxles, Spray) Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. . McAlear Mfg. Co. STEAM CALORIMETERS (See Mueller Co. _ Calorimeters, Steam) Exhaust (See Exhaust Systems) Reading Heater & Supply Co. Taylor Instrument Companies U. S. Radiator Corp. STEAM ENGINES (See Engines, Hot Blast Steam) American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Water Level (See Controllers) STEAM HEATING SYSTEMS Buffalo Forge Co. (See Heating Systems, Steam) Carrier Engineering Corp. . REHEATERS--Air Aerofin Corp. Bayley Mfg. Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co.. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. RELAY SWITCHES (See Switches. STEAM SPECIALTIES Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. . Cochrane Corp. Crane Co. Davis. G. M-. Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Clarage Fan Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. * Moncrief Furnace Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant. B. F.. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Control and Relay) Fulton Co. Spray Cooling (See Spray Codling ROOF VENTILATORS (See Ven tilators. Roof) ROTARY DRYERS (See Drying Apparatus) ROTARY HACK SAW TOOLS Excelso Specialty Works, Inc. Thermal Appliance Co. SCALE REMOVER--Boiler "X" Laboratories Hornung. J. C. - Illinois Engineering Co. Marsh. Jas. P.. & Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Machine Works U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren, & Co. STOKERS Detroit Stoker Co. Systems) Temperature Control Bishop & Babcock Co. ' Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Fulton Co. ._ Honeywell HeatingSpecialties Co. Hornung. J. C. Johnson Service Co. SCRUBBERS, AIR Bayley Mfg. Co. Riley. Sanford, Stoker Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co.Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. ' . . Taylor Instrument Companies SEPARATORS--Dust Bayley Mfg. Co. Call. John. Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Hersh Brothers Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. . York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Steam and Oil - Bishop & Babcock Co. Crane Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Patterson-Kelley Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. SHEETS--Asbestos Johns-Manviile, Inc. New York Blower Co. SHIELDS (See Protectors, Radi STRAINERS--Oil Davis. G. M.. Regulator Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Steam Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. . Sarco Co.. Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Water Davis, G. M.. Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Ventilating (See Ventilating Sys tems) Water Softening and Purifying Cochrane Corp. TANK--Colls (See Coils, Tank) Covering (See Covering. Pipe and Tank) Heaters (See Heaters, Tank) Regulators Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Fulton Co. Johnson Service Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. . . Mueller Co. _ Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. _ Taylor Instrument Companies TANKS--Blow.Off Cochrane Corp. * . ator) SHOWER BATH CONTROLLERS (See Controllers, Shower Bath) SLEEVES--Adjustable Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co. SMOKE CONSUMER . Combustion Specialties Corp. . SOFTENERS, WATER (See Water Softeners) SPECIALTIES, HEATING (See Heating Specialties) SPECIALTIES--Sheet Metal York Heating & Ventilating Corp. SPECIALTIES, STEAM (See Steam Specialties) S U P P LIE S--Power Plant (See Power Plant Supplies) SUPPORTS (See Hangers, Pipe and Radiator) SWITCHES--Control-Relay Brecht Co. Hornung, J. C. Trane Co. SYSTEMS--Air Washing and Cooling (5m Air Conditioning) Domestic Hot Water Exrelso Specialty Works. Inc. Honeywell HeatingSpecialtiesCo. Smith, H. B., Co. Standard Heater CoTaylor Machine Works Thermal Appliance Co. U- S. Radiator Corp. Cast Iron Bishop & Babcock Co. Cochrane Corp. Pressure Ames Iron Works Brownell Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Storage Ames Iron Works Brownell Co. . Carrier Construction Co. Cochrane Corp. Kewanee Boiler Co. Page, Wm. H.. Boiler Co. Titusville Iron Works Co`. . TEMPERATURE REGULA TORS (See Regulators, Tempera ture) Index to Modern Equipment THERMOMETERS U. S. Radiator Corp. McAlear Mfg. Co. '. American Radiator Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Brecht Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Hill. E. Vernon. Co. . Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Powers Regulator Co. Sarco Co- Inc. Taylor Instrument Companies U. S. Radiator Corp. THERMOSTATS Bishop & Babcock Co. ' Burnham Boiler Corp. . Fulton Co. Heat Control Service Co.. Inc. Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Hornung. J. C. Johnson Service Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. . Powers Regulator Co. Sarco Co- Inc. . Taylor Instrument Companies Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. TRAPS--Radiator Barnes & Jones - Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. ' Grinnell Co- Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Johiis-Manville, Inc. Marsh, Jas. P- & Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co- Inc. ' Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sarco Co- Inc. Sterling-Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. ' . Vacuum ' American Blower Co. ' Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. -Crane Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham, C. A- Co. HoSman Specialty Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. Marsh, Jas. P- & Co. ' McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co- Inc. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. - Sarco Co- Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Machine Works U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren, & Co. TURBINES--Steam Sturtevant, B. F- Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Wing. L. J- Mfg. Co. TURBO-BLOWERS Buffalo Forge Co. . New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F- Co. Wing. L. J.. Mfg. Co. UNDERGROUND PIPE CON DUIT {See Conduits, Underground PiPe) VACUUM--Cleaning Apparatus Buffalo Forge Co. ' Nash Engineering Co. Sturtevant. B. F- Co. Pierce. Butlcr& Pierce Mfg. Corp. U. S. Radiator Corp. Back-Pressure Bishop & Babcock Co. Cochrane Corp. Crane Co. Davis. G. M.. Regulator Co. Grinnell Co., Iuc. Illinois Engineering Co. - Jenkins Bros. - Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Blow-Off Crane Co. , . Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. Jenkins Bros. Mueller Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. . Float Crane Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. -. McAlear Mfg. Co. Trane Co. Gage Bishop & Babcock Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Gate American Radiator Co. Brecht Co. ' Crane Co. Trane Co. Dryers {See Drying Apparatus) Detroit Lubricator Co. ' U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren, & Co. Return American Blower Co. Barnes & Jones . ' Gages {See Cages, Vacuum) Heating Systems {See Heating Systems, Steam Vacuum) . Pumps {See Pumps, Vacuum) Dole Valve Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Jenkins Bros. Marsh,.Jas. P., & Co. Graduating Bishop & Babcock Co. Crane Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. ' Regulators {See Regulators, Vacuum) Specialties {See Heating Special Barnes & Jones . Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Detroit Lubricator Co. ties) Dole Valve Co. Marsh, Jas. P.. & Co. ' Traps (See Traps, Vacuum) Grinnell Co- Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co- Inc. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Taylor Machine Works . Trane Co. U. S..Radiator Corp. . Webster, Warren, & Co. Return {Siphon) . . Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. VALVES--Air American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Crane Co. Davis. G. M- Regulator Co. Dole Valve Co. ' Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham, C. A- Co. Fulton Co. * Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Marsh, Jas. P.. & Co. . - McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co- Inc, Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. :' U. 'S. Radiator Corp. ' Hot Water . Steam Grinnell Co., Inc. ' . American Radiator Co. American Blower Co. ' Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Barnes & Jones v Barnes & Jones Jenkins Bros. . Burnham Boiler Corp. * Bayley Mfg. Co. Marsh, Jas. P- & Co. - Crane Co. ` , Bishop & Babcock Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Davis, G. M- Regulator Co. Cochrane Corp. Monash-Younker Co- Inc. Detroit Lubricator Co. ' Crane Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Dole Valve Co. Davis. G. M.. Regulator Co. Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. ' Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. .. Dunham, C. A- Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Grinnell Co., Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Powers Regulator Co. Jenkins Bros. . .Illinois Engineering Co. Smith, H. B- Co. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. , Klipfel Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Marsh. Jas. P- & Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. McAlear Mfg. Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. ' Modulating . Monash-Younker Co.. Inc. Angle, Check and Globe O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. American Radiator Co. ' American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones - Patterson-Kelley Co. Powers Regulator Co. Crane Co. Davis, G. M- Regulator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Sarco Co- Inc. Sturtevant. B. F- Co.' Dole Valve Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Crane Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. . Dole Valve Co. , . Taylor Machine Works Jenkins Bros. ' ' Donnelly Systems Co. 454 Index to Modern Equipment Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Jenkins Bros. Marsh, Jas. P- & Co. 'McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co- Inc. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Webster, Warren, & Co. . Packless American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. 'Crane Co. Davis. G. M- Regulator Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Dole Valve Co. Dunham, C. A- Co. . Fulton Co. Gorton & Lidgewood Co. Return Line American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. Crane Co. . Fulton Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Jenkins Bros. - - Marsh. Jas. P- & Co; McAlear Mfg. Co. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. Safety American Radiator Co. Crane Co. Davis, G- M., Regulator Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. Jenkins Bros. Marsh. Jas. P- & Co. Mueller Co. Titusville Iron Works Co. U- S. Radiator Corp. Grinnell Co- Inc. Steam Feed Illinois Engineering Co. Crane Co. Marsh, Jas. P- & Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co- Inc. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Sterling Engineering Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. . -Webster. Warren, & Co. Jenkins Bros. Thermostatic . American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. Crane Co. Dole Valve Co. Fulton Co. .. Radiator _ American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Crane Co. Davis. G. M- Regulator Co. Detroit Lubricator Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Marsh, Jas. P- & Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co- Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. _ Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. Dole Valve Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham, C. A- Co. ' Fulton Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. International Heater Co. Jenkins Bros. Marsh. Jas. P- & Co. Monash-Younker Co- Inc. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Powers Regulator Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. ` Webster, Warren, & Co. Vacuum - American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Crane Co. - Davis, G. M- Regulator Co. Dole Valve Co. ' Donnelly Systems Co. ' Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co., Inc. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co- Trane Co. Reducing U. S. Radiator Corp. Bishop & Babcock Co. Webster, Warren, & Co. Crane Co. . Davis, G. M- Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A- Co. Fulton Co. ` Grinnell Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Jenkins Bros. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. ' O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Vapor American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones - Bishop Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Crane Co. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Dole Valve Co. Donnelly Systems Co. Dunham. C. A- Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Reminding Crane Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Jenkins Bros. Sterling Engineering Co. Relief Muetler Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. 455 VAPOR HEATING SYSTEMS (See Heating Systems, Steam) (Vapor) VENTILATING--Blowers (See Blowers, Ventilating) Fans (See Fans, Ventilating) Systems American Blower CoBayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Construction Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Fleisher, W. L- & Co.. Inc. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Moncrief Furnace Co. Wing, L. J- Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. VENTILATORS--Mushroom Call, John. Co. Hersh Brothers Co. Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F- Co. Roof American Foundry & Furnace Co. American-Larson Ventilating Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call, John, Co. Carrier Construction Co. . Dalzell Bros. Co. Hersh Brothers Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Iona Ventilator Co., Inc. Johns-Manville, Inc. New York Blower Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co- Inc. Sturtevant, B. F- Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Window Call. John. Co. Iona Ventilator Co.. Inc. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co. VENTS--Air American Radiator Co. Bii hop & Babcock Co. Call. John, Co. Di-.nham, C. A., Co. Huffman Specialty Co- Inc. Marsh, Jas. P- & Co. ' Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Trane Co. ` WARM-AIR FURNACES (See Furnaces, Warm Atr) WARM-AIR HEATING SYS TEMS (See Heating Systems, Warm Air) WATER COLUMNS (See Columns, Water) ' WATER GAGES (See Gages, Water) WATER HEATERS (See Healers, and Gas, Water Healers) WATER METERS (See Meiers. Water) WATER-PROOF CEMENT (See Cement, Water Proof) WATER SOFTENERS Cochrane Corp. WEATHER STRIPS--Metal Monarch Metal Products Co. Index to Advertisers American Society 6/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide 1924-25 . Page Abendroth Brothers, Port Chester, N. Y...................... ........... .............. ..................... 245 Aerofin Corporation, 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J.....,,....................... 331-335 Alberger Heater Co., 281 Chicago St., Buffalo, N. Y................................................... 340 American Blower Co., 6004 Russell St., Detroit, Mich..................... .................;....... 315 American Foundry & Furnace Co., Bloomington, 111................................................... 327 American-Larson Ventilating Co., 204 Keystone Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa... 442-443 American Radiator Co., 1807 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, N. Y.............................. 246-249 Ames Iron Works, Oswego, N. Y................................................... ;........... ........... 283-285 Atmospheric Conditioning Corp., 477 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa................. 236-237 Badger, E. B., & Sons Co., 75 Pitts St., Boston, Mass................................................ 314 Barnes & Jones, 5 Melrose St., Boston, Mass............................................................... 3g3 Bayley Mfg. Co., 732 Greenbush St., Milwaukee, Wis.............................................. . 316 Bishop & Babcock Co., 1200 East 55th St.. Cleveland Ohio...................................... 384 Brecht Co., 12th St., and Cass Ave., St. Louis, Mo..................... ..... ........... ............ 3go Brownell Co., Dayton, Ohio.....................;....................... ;...........................250-251 Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co., 952 East 72nd St., Cleveland, Ohio............................ 252-253 Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y..........................:........................................................ 317 Buffalo Steam Pump Co., Buffalo, N. Y.._........................................ ......................... 365 Bunting Iron Works, 1215 First National Bank Bldg., San Francisco, Calif......... 306-307 Burnham Boiler Corp., Irvington, N. Y............. ........... ............................;................. 254 Call, John, Co., 122-28 N. Franklin St., Philadelphia, Pa...1.......................................... 441 Carrier Air Conditioning Co. of America, 490 Broadway, Buffalo, N. Y................... 317 Carrier Construction Co., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J.................... ....... 382 Carrier Engineering Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J............,___ 238-239 Clarage Fan Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.................................... ;......... ..... i......................... 31s Cochrane Corporation, 3120 North 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa 445 Combustion Specialties Corp., 250 West 54th St., New York City--.................... 386 Continental Heater Corp., Dunkirk, N. Y......... _............................. ................... 256-257 Cox, Abram, Stove Co., American and Dauphin Sts., Philadelphia, Pa................ 258-259 Crane Co., 836 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III...................................................... 362-364 D. & T. Mfg. Co., 3001 La Salle St., St. Louis, Mo........ ...................... 344 Dalzell Bros. Co., 21 Holmes St., Youngstown, Ohio................................................... 326 Davis, G. M., Regulator Co., 436 Milwaukee, Ave., Chicago, 111......... ..................... 387 Detroit Lubricator Co., 5842 Trumbull Ave., Detroit, Mich____ __ :....................... '432 Detroit Stoker Co., General Motors Bldg., Detroit, Mich............ .......'..... ............... ' 4IS Dole Valve Co., 1923 Carroll Ave., Chicago, 111...........1............................................... 433 Donnelly Systems Co., 9 Murray St., New York City................................................. 434 Drying Systems, Ino, 11 S. Desplaines St., Chicago, III,..................................... 312-313 Dunham, C. A., Co., 230 E. Ohio St., Chicago, 111...................................... ..... . 388-391 Economy Pumping Machinery Co., 122 N. Curtis St., Chicago, 111__ Ellison, Lewis M. 214 W. Kinzie St., Chicago, III.............................. Excelso Specialty Works, Inc., 119 Clinton St., Buffalo, N. Y.......... .....:......... 368 ........ 310-311 .......-...... 341 Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co., 3748 East 71st St., Cleveland, Ohio.... ............... 376 Fitzgibbons Boiler Co.,. 47 West 42nd. S.t...,,_N_e_w Yo__rk__C__it,v.................... ............ 260-261 Fleish__e__r,TIW7 .I L.,P.& Co., Irn__c., 0311 Union CS qua. re IWlfe..s.t, NXTew JYrork City.......................... 240 Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co., 521 Bulletin Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa...... ............ . ........ 379 Fulton Co., Knoxville, Tenn................................................................I...... ............ 436-437 General Boilers Co.,Waukegan, 111..................... 255 Gleockle, A. F., Jr., 415 Bay St.,Rochester, N. Y....................................... 377 Gorton & Lidgerwood Co., 96 Liberty St., New York City................................. 438-439 Goulds Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls, N. Y.............. ........................................... ; 366-367 Grinnell Co., Inc., 275 W. Exchange St., Providence, R. 1.................................. 346-350 ' 456 Index to Advertisers Healy-Ruff Co., 502 Plymouth Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn................................ Heat Control Service Co., Inc., 759 Park Place, Brooklyn, N. Y..._.............. Heating and Ventilating Magazine, 1123 Broadway, New York City............ Heggie Simplex Boiler Co., 1909 Conway Bldg., Chicago, HI........................... Henry Furnace & Foundry Co., Cleveland, Ohio............................................... Hersh Brothers Co., Allentown, Pa................. -.................................................. Hill, E. Vernon, Co., 64 W. Randolph St., Chicago, 111.................................... Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc., 25 West 45th St., New York City....................Honeywell Heating Specialties Co., Wabash, Ind...................................... ...... Hornung, J. C., (Central He^t Appliances) 343 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111.... Page ......... 378 420-421 ......... 431 262-263 ......... 329 326-321 .......... 353 392-400 .......... 430 ......... 385 Ilg Electric Ventilating Co., 2850 N. Crawford Ave., Chicago, 111.................... Illinois Engineering Co., 21st St. and Racine Ave., Chicago, 111.--................ International Heater Co., 101 Park Ave., Utica, N. Y--............................... Iona Ventilator Co., Inc., 2821-29 W. Dauphin St., Philadelphia, Pa............ .......... 319 402-403 264-268 .......... 444 Jenkins Bros., 80 White St., New York City..................................................... Johns-Manville, Inc., 294 Madison Ave., New York City...........-.................. Johnson Service Co., Milwaukee, Wis................................................................ Kewanee Boiler Co., Kewanee, 111...........................-......................................... .Klipfel Mfg. Co., 2641-2659 W. Harrison St., Chicago, 111.................. ........... Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Co., 202-204 Franklin St., New York City.... .......... 435 .......... 355 422-426 269-275 404-405 .......... 241 Langenberg Mfg. Co., 4519 N. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Mo.._.......................- Marsh, Jas. P., & Co., 118 S. Clinton St., Chicago, 111...... .............................. Mason Regulator Co., ll90 Adams St., Boston, Mass..................................... McAlear Mfg. Co., 1901 S. Western Ave., Chicago, 111.................................... Midwest Air Filters, Inc., 100 East 45th St., New York City......................... Molby Boiler Co., Inc., 41 East 42nd St., New York City.............................. Monarch Metal Products Co., 5020 Penrose St., St. Louis, Mo...................... Monash-Younker Co., Inc., 553 W. Monroe St., Chicago, 111.......................... Moncrief Furnace Co., 62 Hemphill Ave., Atlanta, Ga.................................... Mouat Vapor Heating Co., 1246 West 4th St., Cleveland, Ohio..................... Mueller Co., Decatur, 111..................................................................................... Nash Engineering Co., South Norwalk, Conn.,................................................. National Radiator Co., Johnstown, Pa.............................................................. New York Blower Co., 2248 S. Halsted St., Chicago, III--............................. Norristown Magnesia & Asbestos Co., Norristown, Pa.................................... O-E Specialty Mfg. Co., 8-12 Keefe Ave., Milwaukee, Wis...... ...................... Oil City Boiler Works, Oil City, Pa--..............................................-............... .......... 328 406-407 .......... 408 .......... 401 .......... 243 .......... 276 358-359 .......... 409 .......... 329 .......... 345 .......... 351 ........... 369 278-279 .......... 322 .......... 356 ........... 410 . 280-281 Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co., 58 West 40th St., New York City........................ Patterson-Kelly Co., 101 Park Ave., New York City........ ............. -------Pennsylvania Engineering Co., 1119-21 N. Howard St., Philadelphia, Pa..... Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp., 41 East 42nd St., New York City.......... Powers Regulator Co., 2719 Greenview Ave., Chicago, 111........................~-- Prox, Frank, Co., Terra Haute; Ind.................................................................. ........... 277 ........... 342 ........... 381 . 282-440 . 427-429 . 286-287 Reading Heater & Supply Co., Woodward and Church Sts., Reading, Pa.... Reed Air Filter Co., Inc., 616-28 Barret Ave., Louisville, Ky.--......:........... Reliance Electric & Engineering Co., 1088 Ivanhoe Rd., Cleveland, Ohio-- Richardson & Boynton Co., 260 Fifth Ave., New York City.......................... Richmond Radiator Co., 1480 Broadway, New York City--...... .................. Ric-wil Co., Guardian Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio--.............................................. Riley, Sanford, Stoker Co., 9 Neponset St., Worcester, Mass.--................... ........... 352 ........... 242 ........... 360 ........... 296 . 288-289 ........... 357 ........... 419 Sarco Co., Inc., 233 Broadway, New York City._............................................ Skidmore Corporation, 1535 Dayton St., Chicago, 111..................................... Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., 1400-1490 S. Vandeventer Ave., St. Louis, Mo...... Smith, H. B., Co., Westfield, Mass-...... .. ...............-...................................... Standard Heater Co., Williamsport, Pa................................--....................... Sterling Engineering Co., 1636-44 Holton St., Milwaukee, Wis................... Stickle Steam Specialties Co., 502 S. Pennsylvania St., Indianapolis, Ind.... Sturtevant, B. F., Hyde Park, Boston, Mass.................. ................................. ; 457 ............ 411 ........... 370 . 336-337 . 290-293 . 294-295 .412-413 ........... 416 ........... 323 Index to Advertisers Page Taylor Instrument Companies, Rochester, N. Y.._.......................................... ........ . 354 Taylor Machine Works, Battle Creek, Mich.................................-.... ......................... 371 Thermal Appliance Co., 342 Madison Ave., New York City......................... ............ 343 Titusville Iron Works Co., Titusville, Pa...................;.................................................. 297 Trane Co., La Crosse, Wis____ ................, ....... ................. ............. 372-375,414-415 XXthi Century Heating & Ventilating Co., Edison and Ira Ave., Akron, Ohio....... 330 U. S. Radiator Corp., 133 E. Grand River Ave., Detroit, Mich.._.................. -- 301-305 Utica Heater Co., Utica, N. Y...... :.... ........................,......................... ;.... .......... 298-299 Webster, Warren, & Co., Camden, N. J.......................................................... ............. 417 Weii-McLain Co., 641 W. Lake St., Chicago, III................................................,........ 300 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa.................................... ........ 361 Winslow Boiler & Engineering Co., 208 S. La Salle St., Chicago, 111................ 308-309 Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co., 352 West 13th St., New York City..............!......... . 324-325 "X" Laboratories, 25 West 45th St., New York City..... ........ 1................................. 244 York Heating & Ventilating Corp., 1502 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa................ 338-339 Roll of Membership AMERICAN SOCIETY of HEATING and VENTILATING ENGINEERS 1924-1925 Contains Lists of Members Arranged Alphabetically and Geographically also Lists of Officers and Committees, Past Officers and Local Chapter Officers Corrected to June 1, 1924 Published at the Headquarters of the Society 29 West 39th Street, New York, N. Y. 458 Officers and Council AMERICAN SOCIETY of HEATING and VENTILATING ENGINEERS 1924 President,........................................................................ Homer Addams, New York, N. Y. First Vice-President............................................................... S. E. Dibble, Pittsburgh, Pa. Second Vice-President.........................................William H. Driscoll, New York, N. Y. Treasurer..................................................................................Perry West, Newark, N. J. Secretary........................................................................F. C. Houghten, New York, N. Y. Council Homer Addams, Chairman S. E. Dibble, Vice-Chairman W. E. Gillham F. Paul Anderson L. A. Harding W. H. Carries Alfred Kellogg J. A. Cutler Thornton Lewis William H. Driscoll H. P. Gant Perry West F. C. Houghten, Secretary Advisory Council . H. P. Gant, Chairman; R. P. Bolton, John Gormly, John F. Hale, H. M. Hart, E. Vernon Hill, J. D. Hoffman, S. A. Jellett, D. D. Kimball, J. H. Kinealy, S. R. Lewis, J. I. Lyle, J. R. McColl, D. M. Quay, C. L. Riley, C. B. Jr-Snyder, F. R. Still, W. S., Timmis. : Committees of the Council Executive: S. E. Dibble, Chairman; W. H. Carrier, William H. Driscoll. Finance: Thornton Lewis, Chairman; J. A. Cutler, Perry West. Membership: Alfred Kellogg, Chairman; W..H. Carrier, W. E. Gillham. Publication: L. A. Harding, Chairman; F. Paul Anderson, H. P. Gant. ; . Research Department : Committee on Research: William H. Driscoll, Chairman; O. P. Hood, Member-ex-officio;' F. Paul Anderson, Director of Research Laboratory; Homer Addams, E. Vernon Hill, Alfred Kellogg, J. R. McColl, F. R. Still (3 years)*; S. E. Dibble, C. F. Eveleth, F. B:. Howell, Thornton Lewis, E. E. McNair (2 years); William H. Driscoll, C. V. Haynes,. J. D. Hoffman, J. I. Lyle, Perry-West'(1 year). : . ;' 2 Committees--1924 Nominating Committee: J. R. McColl. Chairman; J. D.' Cassell, Roswell Farnham. H. M. Hart. J. C. Hobbs. . Guide Publication Committee: F. D. Mcnsing, Chairman; J. Esten Bolling. C. V. Haynes. Perry West. Committee on Chapters: Geo. B. Nichols. Chairman; E. P. Bradley. W. L. Fleisher. Committee on Code of Ethics: Chas. L. Reeder, Chairman; H. M. Hart. Alfred Kellogg. Henry C. Meyer, Jr.. S. A. Jellett. Committee on Code for Testing Low Pressure Heating Boilers: John Blizzard. Chairman; F. Paul Anderson. C. E. Bronson. H. W. Brooks, William H. Driscoll, F. B. Howell. J. F. Mclntire. C. W. Obert. Committee on Legislation: W. G. R. Braemer. Chairman; F. F. Bahnson. C. R. Bradbury. S. A. Challman. Ralph T. Coe. F. I. Cooper. H. C. Eicher. H. H. Fielding. L. M. Frederick. W. B. Johnston. S. R. Lewis, J. J.' Mason, Wm. Mallis, H.- M. Miller, J. G.,Pease. Committee on Increase of Membership: C. V. Haynes, Chairman; C. W. Farrar, F. J. Friedman; F. H. Gaylord. E. F. Glore, C. P. Hackett. H. A. Hanson. H. E. Pursell, E. A. Stark. E. S. Storm. H. F. Thomas. J. F. Tuttle. Committee of Revision of Constitution: J. R. McColl. Chairman: R. P. Bolton. H. P. Gant. John Gormly, John F. Hale. H. M. Hart. E. V. Hill. J. D. Hoffman. S. A. Jellett, D. D. Kimball. J. H. Kinealy. S. R. Lewis. J. I. Lyle. D. M. Quay. C. L. Riley. C. B. J. Snyder. F. R. Still. W. S. Timmis. Committee on School House Standards: F. I. Cooper. Chairman; J. D. Cassell. H. P. Dempsey. H. C. Eicher. E. S. Hallett, John Howatt. S. R. Lewis. Committee on Steam and Return Main Sizes: W. L. Durand. Chairman. University Professors: J. E. Emswiler. F. E. Giesecke. Contracting Engineers: William H. Driscoll, W. L. Fleisher, H. M. Hart. Consulting Engineers: R. V. Frost, W. R. Jones. W. S. Timmis. . Manufacturers:. J. A. Donnelly. C. E. Eveleth. Central.Station-Heating: J. C. Hobb?. L H. Walker. - Committee to Confer with, American Institute of Architects: S. A. Jellett. Chairman: D. D. Kimball, S. R. Lewis. J. R. McColl. C. L. Riley. : ' Committee on Code of Heating & Ventilating: L. A. Harding. General Chairman. Sub-Com. I.-. .. ' Definition of Terms..................................................... Sub-Com. ,11. Ventilation Requirements for Public Buildings. Sub-Com. III. Requirements for Heating Buildings.................... Sub-Com.. IV. - .Direct Steam or.Hot-Water Radiation............... Sub-Com. V. Indirect Steam .or. Hot-Water Radiation............. Sub-Coni..VL Heating Boiier,Capacity^........................................... Sub-Com. VII. Warm Air Furnace Heating..................................... Sub-Com. VIII. Design of Chimneys and Flues--.......................... Sub-Com. IX. ' Pipe' Sizes for Steam Heating.................................. Sub-Cora: X. - Pipe Sizes for Hot-Water Heating......................... Sub-Com. XIv --Air-Ducts for Ventilation........... Sub-Com. XII. Air.Washers and Humidifiers.... Sub-Com. XIII. Pumps for Heating.Systems...... Sub-Com. XIV. Standard Symbols-for -Drawings............................. .F. Paul Anderson. Chm. ...... E. Vernon Hill. Chm. _____A. C. Willard. Chm. ............ R. V. Frost, Chni. .............L. C. Soule. Chm. ,......J. F. Mclntire. Chm. ......J. D. Hoffman. Chm. ......... J. R. McCoU. Chm. ......J. A. Donnelly, Chm. ....... W. S. Timmis, Chm. ...........C. A. Booth, Chm. ___ W. H. Carrier, Chm. .............Perry West, Chm. ........ _J. H. Walker, Chm. Committee on Standards of Ventilation: W. H. Carrier. Chairman; F. R. Still. Vice-Chairman; E. P. Bradley. Philip Drinker. F. R. Ellis. E. S. Hallett. Thomas Chester, E. Vernon Hill, F. C. Houghten. John Howatt. J. R. McColl, W. H. Sfckrs, R. W. Smith. Perry West. A. C. Willard. ' Committee to Confer with A\ S' M. E. Boiler Code Committee: W. S. Timmis. Chairman: Homer Addams. F. Paul Anderson. L. P. Breckinridge! James Doherty. H. M. Hart. F. B. Howell, J. F. Mclntire. 3 [ ! Hi Officers of Local Chapters 1924-25 Cleveland Headquarters, Cleveland Meets: Second Thursday in Month President, Ernest Szekley 820 W. Superior Ave. Secretary, E. L. Anderson' 526 Swetland Bldg. ' New York . Headquarters, New York Meets: Third Monday in Month President, W. L. Durand 101 Park Avenue . Secretary, E. B. Johnson 154 Wardwell Ave., W. New Brighton, S. I. Colorado . Headquarters, Denver Meets: Second Monday in Month President, Geo. L. Bradbury 1219 Stout St. Secretary, Oscar G. Ward 517 Boston Bldg. Illinois Headquarters, Chicago Meets: Second Monday in Month President. Charles.D. Allan 1923 Calumet Ave. Secretary, H. G. Thomas 549 W. Washington Blvd. .. ' Kansas City Headquarters, Kansas City, Mo. Meets: First Monday in Month President, W. N. McIntyre 1927 Montgall St. Secretary, P. M. Hayes 1307 West 10th St. ' . Massachussetts `. Headquarters,- Boston President, W. T. Jones 11 Rossmere St., Newtonville, Mass. Secretary, E. A. Dusossoit 202 Harrison Ave. Michigan Headquarters, Detroit Meets First Monday ofter the 10th of the Month President, J. B. Dill .8771 Dexter Blvd. Secretary, N. B. Hubbard ' 1504 Broadway, Room 614 Minnesota Headquarters, Minneapolis Meets: Second Monday in Month President. A. L. Sanford 245 Ninth Ave., N. Secretary, R. W. Otto 2529 University Ave.. S.E. . - Western New York Headquarters, Buffalo Meets: Second Monday in Month President, Hugo Hutzel 1807 Elmwood Ave. Secretary, Roswell Farnham 490 Broadway . Ontario Headquarters, Toronto, Can. Meets: Third Friday in Month President, A. S. Leitch 1002 Kent Bldg. Secretary, W. R. Blackhall 332 Waverly Rd. - Philadelphia Headquarters, Philadelphia Meets: .Second Thursday in Month President, R. C. Bolsingbr 521 Bulletin Bldg. Secretary, R. V. Frost 828 Marshall St., Norristown, Pa. Pittsburgh Headquarters, Pittsburgh Meets: Third Tuesday in Month' ' President, J. C. Hobbs 504 Chamber of Commerce Bldg. ' Secretary, C. C. Schrader A. S. H. & V. E. Research Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Mines ' St. Louis Headquarters. St. Louis Meets: Third Thursday in Month President, W. A. Klein Arcade Bldg. Secretary, Thomas J. C. Gale 4023 Shaw Ave. _ Wisconsin Headquarters, Milwaukee Meets: First Tuesday in Month President, Charles W. Miller 209 Grand Ave. Secretary, Edward J. Lomasney 456 Broadway 4 Roll of Membership American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers HONORARY MEMBERS BALDWIN, WM. J. (1915), New York, N. Y. (Deceased May 7, 1924.) BILLINGS, DR. J. S. (1896), New York, N. Y. (Deceased March 10, 1913;) GORMLY, JOHN (Charter Member), Norristown, Pa. NEWTON, C. W. (Charter Member), Baltimore, Md. (Deceased August 6, 1920.) LIST OF MEMBERS Arranged Alphabetically--All Grades (Asterisk indicates authorship of papers) A ABBOUD, Alfred (Junior 1924) J. Gallivan Co.. 153 N. Washington St., and (for mail) 2i Milford St.. Boston. Mass. , '` ABRAMS, Abraham (Junior 1924), Secy, and Treas. (for mail) Berman-Rathe Corp., 4 St. Clair PL, and 210 West 114th St., New York, N.Y. ACHESON, Albert R. (1919), Prof, of Mech. Engr., Syracuse University, and (for mail) 601. Eckel Theatre Bldg.. Syracuse, N. Y. ADAMS, Benjamin (1919), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) American Blower Co.. 612 Otis Bldg., Philadel phia. and 3006 W. Coulter St., Germantown, Pa. ADAMS, Charles W. (1920), 1425 16th St.. Denver, Colo. ADAMS, Dan (1919), Lockwood, Greene & Co. (for mail) 24 Federal St.. Boston, and 91 Allerton Rd., Newton Highlands, Mass. ADAMS, Henry (Charter Member), (Board of Managers 1894; Council 1895; 1898; 2nd Vice- Pres. 1897; Pres. 1899); Consulting Engr. (for mail) 1263-69 Calvert Bldg., and 2038 Park Ave., Baltimore, Md. ' ADAMS, Nell D. (Junior 1922), EUerhee & Co.; 692 Endicott Bldg., St. Paul, Minn. ADDAMS, Homer (Charter Member), (Treas. 1915-1922; 1st Vice-Pres. 1923; Pres. 1924;). Vice-Pres. Kewanee Boiler Co.. Inc., 47 West 42nd St.. New York, N. Y. ADDY, Edward (1923). Sup. Engr.. Bd. of Educa tion, 155 CoUege St., and 128 Victor Ave., Toronto, Ont. . ADDY, Robert (1919). Plbg. and Heat. Contr., 7012 Fort St.. W., Detroit. Mich. ADLER,. Alphonse A.* (1921), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 9 Murray St., New York. N. Y,, and 35 Stewart Ave.. Arlington, N. J. ADRIANSE, Paul R. (1923), Sales Engr.. Buffalo Forge Co.. 368 Kirby Bldg., Cleveland, O. AHERN, Thos. L. (Junior 1923). Vice-Pres. (for mail) J. F. Ahern Co., 70 S. Portland St., and 157 Sixth St., Fond du Lac, Wis. AHLFF, Albert A. (Associate 1918; 1923), Mgr. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., 303 Crosby Bldg., and 163 Hughes Ave.. Buffalo. N. Y. ALEXANDER, Alfred D. (1915). Consulting Engr., 168 Marion St.. Oak Park. 111. ALEXANDER, Clifford M. (1920), Ch. Drafts man, Mouat Vapor Heat. Co., 1246 W. Fourth St., Cleveland, and (for mail) Box 266, Rocky River, O. ' ALGER, Richard W. (1911), Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Marye. Alger & Alger, Archt., 201-4 Walton Bldg., and 378 N. Blvd.. Atlanta, Ga. ALLAN, Charles D. (1920). (Pres. Illinois Chapter) Consulting Engr. (for mail) 127 N. Dearborn St., and 4526 Dover St., Chicago, III. ALLEN, DeWitt M. (Junior 1922), Sales Repr. (for mail) R. B. Carter Co., 152 Chambers St., New York, N. Y. ' ALLEN, Harry D. (1917), Heat. Engr. (for mail) H. D. Allen. 2940 W. Lake St., and 5915 W. Erie St., Chicago. 111. ALLEN, LeRoy E. (1921), Dept. Ch. Engr. (for mail) Grinnell Co.. Inc.. Dana and Paige Aves.. and 209 Howland Ave., Warren. O. ALLEN, W. Harwell (Junior 1910; 1911), Pres, (for mail) State Heat. & Power Co.. 272 Walnut St., and 607 S. Cleveland Ave.. Memphis. Tenn. ALLING, Harold W. (Junior 1917). Accountant and Engr.-(for mail) Chirnside, Roberts & Lang ston, 170 Broadway, New York, N.Y..and 529 River St., Hoboken, N. J. ALLINSON, Orrie H. (1915). Johnstown. N. J. ALMIRALL, Juan A. (1897), Pres.. Almirall & Co.. Inc., 66 W. Broadway, New York, N. Y. ALT, Harold L.* (1913), P. O- Box 1188, Shang hai, China. AM1RAL, J. H. (Junior 1923). Estimator (for mail) Austin Eng. Co-. 121 West 42nd St., New York., and 2713 Voorhees Ave., Brooklyn. N. Y. AMMERMAN, Charles R. (1916). Consulting Engr. (for mail) 529 Occidental Bldg., and 3908 Guilford Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. . AMSTEIN, Albert W. (1924), Autovent Fan & Blower Co., 736 W. Monroe St.. Chicago. III. ANDEL, Frank J. (1922). 5062 Pensacole Ave., Chicago, 111. ANDEREGG, R. H. (1920). Ch. Engr. and Mgr. of Pump Dept., Trane Co., and (for mail) 625 S. Eighth St., La Crosse. Wis. ' 5 Roll of Membership ANDERSON. Carroll S. (1920), Branch Mgr., American Blower Co-. 405 Detwiler Bldg., Los Angeles, and 5738 Franklin Ave., Hollywood, Calif. ANDERSON, Claude A. (1916), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Ilg Electric Vent. Co.. 325 Commercial Trust Bldg.. Philadelphia, and 5025 Pulaski Ave.. Germantown, Pa. ANDERSON. Edward L. (1921). (Secy. Cleveland Chapter,) Asst. Dist; Mgr. (for mail) American Blower Co.. 526 Swetland Bldg., Cleveland, and Auraura St.. Hudson, O. ANDERSON, F. Paul* (1921). (Council 1924). Director, Research Laboratory, A. S. H. & V. E., U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. ANDERSON. Hjahner J. (1919). Sales Engr.. Whitlock Coil Pipe Co.. 149 Broadway. New York. N. Y.. and (for mail) 212 Ampere Parkway. Bloomfield. N. J. ANDERSON, S. A., Jr. (1909), Anderson Bros.. 303 Fir St., La Grande, Ore. ANDREWS, Bernard R. (1919), (for mail) Andrews & Goodrich, Inc., 88 Broad St., Boston, and 49 Oak St.. Braintree. Mass. . ANCELL, Winfield T. (1922). Asst. Heat. Engr. (for mail) Lord & Burnham Co., Irvington-on- Hudson, and 409 E.-Fifth St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. ANGUS. Harry H. (1918). Consulting Engr.. 2 Bloor St., W., and (for mail) 32 Sidney St., Toronto, Ont. ANGUS, Robert A. (1920), Service Equipt. Engr. (for mail) Dwight P. Robinson & Co.. Inc., 125 East 46th St., New York, and 19 Rich Ave., Mt. Vernon. N. Y. APPELL, Albert O. (1919). Engr. and Estimator. Brohl & Appel!. 319 E. Madison St.. Sandusky. O. ARENBERG. Milton K. (Associate 1920). (for mail) Ilg Electric Vent. Co.. Rm. 1816 Mailers Bldg., 5 S. Wabash Ave., and 5236 Ingleside Ave., Chicago, 111. ARKLEY. L. M. (1922). Prof. Mech. Engr. (for mail) Queen's University, and 22 Kensington Ave., Kingston, Ont. ARMAGNAC, Arthur S. (Associate 1907; 1914). Editor. Heat, and Vent. Magazine. 1123 Broad way, New York. N. Y.. and 375 Upper Mountain Ave.. Upper Montclair, N. J. ARMSPACH. Otto W.* (1919). Mech. Engr. (for mail) E. Vernon Hill Co.. 64 W. Randolph St., and Villa Park, Chicago. 111. ARNOLD, Robert S. (Junior 1922). Sales Engr. (for mail) York Heating & Ventilating Corp.. 1502 Locust St., and 1219 South 52nd St., Phila delphia. Pa. ARONWITS, Wilfred (1924). Leon Stern. Archt.. 1017 Commerce Bldg., and (for mail) 1171 Park ' Ave.. Rochester, N. Y. ARTHUR. Harry W. (Associate 1920), Mgr. Arthur Service Co.. Plbg. & Heat. Engrs., 409 Empire Bldg.. Pittsburgh, Pa. ARTHUR, John M., Jr. (1923). Industrial Engr.. Kansas City Power & Light Co., Kansas City Mo. ASHLEY, Edward E., Jr. (1912). Starrett & Van Vleck, 8 West 40th St.. New York. N. Y.. and (for mail) P. O. Box 188. Norton Heights, Conn. ASTON, James (1919). Metallurgical Engr. (for mail) A. M. Byers Co.. 235 Water St., Pittsburgh, and 50 Forest Ave.. Ben Avon. Pa. ATHERTON, G. R. (1918). Sales Engr.. Hart & Crouse Co.. 1446 S. Canal St.. Chicago, and (for mail) Franklin St.. Geneva, 111. - ATKINSON, Harry G. (Junior 1921). New York Telephone Co., 104 Broad St., New York. N. Y., and (for mail) P. 0. Box 462. Closter. N. J. ATKINSON, R. E. (Junior 1923). Engr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., 230 E. Ohio St., and 4245 N. Lamon Ave.. Chicago. 111. ATKINSON. Robert E. (1897). (Board of Gov ernors 1907), 6 Trafalgar Rd., Birkdale, South port. Fngland. ATWATER, Lvman W. (1923). W. H. Curtin Mfg. Co.. 331 Adams St., and (for mail) 552 East 14th St-. Brooklyn, N. Y. - AUBINCER, E. W. (1921). Secy.. Wolff Mfg. Ccrp., 300 N. Robey St.. Chicago. 111. AUSTIN. Frank L. (1914), Archt., 240 College St.. Burlington. Vt. AUSTIN, William E. (1909). Br. Mgr. (for mail) National Radiator Co.. P- O. Box 1708. and 210 W. Graham Rd.. Richmond. Va. AYERS, A. E. (1921), Rautman Plbg. & Heat. Co. (for mail) 109 Jackson St., and 3437 Belvidere Ave., Seattle, Wash. . B BABBITT, Edward C. (1923). Engr. (for mail) Snyder. Babbitt & Mathews. 16 E. Broad St., and 1157 E. Mound St.. Columbus, O. BACHLER, Harry C. (Junior 1921). Heat. Engr. (for mail) C. F. Bachler & Son, 139 N. Fourth St., and 836 Kenmore Rd.. Philadelphia, Pa. BACHLER, Leonard J. (1918), Engr. (for mail) Rm. 1800. 41 East 42nd St., and 35 West 47th St.. New York, N. Y. ' BACKUS, Theodore H. L. (1916). (for mail) Schumacker & Backus. 308 S. Main St., and 1018 Vaughn St., Ann Arbor. Mich. BACON, John H. (1909). Branch Mgr., Rich mond Radiator Co.. 900 Keith Bldg., and (for mail) 1832 East 79th St., Cleveland. O. BAETZ, Henry (1919), (for mail) Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc.. 1424 S. Vandeventer St., and 5854 Etzel Ave.. St. Louis, Mo. BAHNSON, Frederic F.* (1917), Ch. Engr.. The Bahnson Co., and (for mail) Drawer G.. Salem Sta.. Winston-Salem, N. C. BAILEY, Edmund G. (Associate 1924). (for mail) H. B. Smith Co.. 17th and Arch Sts., and 2528 N. Gydentom St., Philadelphia, Pa. BAILEY, Jos. H. (Junior 1923), Carrier Eng. Coro.. 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J. BAILEY, Winfield, C. (1913), Sales Engr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 15 West 34th St.. New York, and P. O. Box 94. Milton-on-Hudson, N. Y. BAIN, James G. (1920), Pres.. Ideal Specialty Co., Box 493. Helena. Mont. BAKER. E. E. (1910), Pres.. Kewanee Boiler Co.. ' Kewanee. 111. BAKER, Edward V. (1923), J. H. Olson. 4012 S. State St., and (for mail) 3654 Wentworth Ave., Chicago, III. BAKER, Harry W. H. (1918). Sanitary & Heat. Engr. c/o J. Twyford & Co.. 20 British Bund. Tientsin. China. BAKER, Howard C. (1921), Pres, (for mail) The Howard C. Baker Co.. 213 Michigan St., and 15 Columbia St.. Toledo, O. BAKER, Irving C. (1921), Dist. Engr.. American Blower Co.. 614 Bona Allen Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. BALDWIN, William H. (1921), Sales Engr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. Ltd., 229 College St., and 600 Windermere Ave.. Toronto, Ont. BAMPTON. C. Morton (1919), Secy, and Mgr. Ideal Heat. Co.. 915 Gates Ave.. Brooklyn, and (for mail) 8806 191st St.. Hollis. L. I.. N. Y. BARKER, Arthur H.* (1906), Consulting Engr. (for mall) 100 Victoria SL. Westminster, London, S.W.l. and Oakhill House. Beckenham. Kent. England. BARNES, Arthur F. (1921), (for mail) Texas Engineering Co.. 905 San Jacinto St., and 703 Webster Ave., Houston. Tex. BARNES. Arthur R. (1924), W. E. Hulse&Co.. and 24 E. Sixth St.. Hutchinson. Kan. BARR, George W. (1905). Asst. Gen. Sales Mgr.. Hoffman Specialty Co.. 25 West 45th St.. New York, N.Y.,and (for mail) Box 95. Bala-Cynwyd, Pa. BARRETT, Leonard L.* (1922). 620 Livingston Hall. Columbia University. New York. N. Y. BARROWS, C. E. (Associate 1921). Mgr. City Sales (for mail) Crane Co., 156 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago, and 114 Kedzie St.. Evanston. III. BARRY, Patrick I. (1920). Heat, Engr.. M. Barry & Co.. 4 Marlboro St., and Grand .View Terrace, Victoria Rd.. Cork. Ireland. BARTH, Herbert E. (1920). Dist. Mgr. (for mail) American Blower Co.. 526 Swetland Bldg., and 334 Hotel Winton, Cleveland, O. 6 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 BARTLETT. Amos C- (1919). Sales Mgr. (for mail) B. F. Sturtevsnt Co.. 555 Mass. Trust Bldg.. Boston, and 10 Dunbarton Rd., Wallaston, Mass. BARTLETT, C. Edwin (1922). Mgr., Bartlett & Co.. Inc., 1938 Market St., Philadelphia, and 209 Creswell St.. Ridley Park.' Pa. BARTLETT, Clarence D. (1923), Estimator and Supt. Constr. (for mail) W. G. Cornell Co.. 153 Hudson St., Newark, and 22 Davey St., Bloomfield. N. J. BARTON, Royal Elton (1922). Engr., McLean & Cousins Co.. Chandler and St. Charles Sts.. Boston, and 4 Lyman Terrace. Dorchester, Mass. ' BARWICK, Thomas. (1920), Consulting . Engr. (for mail) Buchman & Kahn Archts.. 49 West 45th St., New York, N- Y., and 408 Rutland Ave., West Englewood. N. J. BASSLER, Edwin M. (1923) (for mail) c/o D. J. Murray Mfg. Co., Wausau, and 518 Lake Dr., " Milwaukee, Wis. BASTEDO, Albert E. (1919). Treas. (for mail) Burnham Boiler Corp-, Irvington-on-Hudson, and 12 Riverview PL, Hudson Heights, Hastings- on-Hudson. N. Y. BATEMAN, William H-, Jr. (1921), Heat. Engr. (for mail) C. J. Doyle. 2056 Pine St., and 2519 South 19th St.. Philadelphia. Pa. BAUM, Albert L. (1916). Consulting Engr.. Jaros & Baum. 116 West 39th St., and (Tor mail). 562 West 113th St.. New York. N. Y. BAXTER. Robt. A. (1923). Engr. and Sales Rep. (for mail) Utica Heater Co.. P. O. Box 8. and 51 Watson PL, Utica. N. Y. BAYSE, Harry V. (1923), Pres., American Furnace Co.. 2725 Morgan St., St. Louis, Mo. BEAHM, Robert B., 2nd (1919). Treas.. Eagan & Beahm. Inc., 304-5-6 Stephen Girard Bldg., ' Philadelphia, and Haverford. Pa. BEATTY, David J. (1918). Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp.. 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J., and 1274 New York Ave., Brooklyn. N. Y. BEAURRIENNE, Auguste* (1912). Contr. and Consulting Engr...25 Rue des Marguettes, Paris. 12th Arr., France. . BECKER, Albert L. (Associate 1919). Pres, (for mail) A. L. Becker Co., 621 Union Bldg., Cleve land, and 1142 Webb Rd., Lakewood. O. BEEBE, Frederick E. W. (Associate 1915). Sales Engr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co.. 118 East 28th St.. New York, N. Y., and 543 Chilton St.. Elizabeth, N. J. BEECHER, Philip M. (1908). Mgr. Promotion of Sales, Samuel Sloan & Co.. 67 Exchange St., and 83 Yarmouth Rd., Rochester, N. Y. ' BEGGS, Douglas T. (1922), Mgr. (for mail) W. Gordon Corp.. 601 Bona Allen Bldg.. Atlanta, and 612 W. College Ave., Decatur, Ga. BENDER,-Charles P. (1923). Gen. Mgr. (for mail) C. & J. Bender. 1734 Flatbush Ave.. and 2045 East 19th St.. Brooklyn. N. Y. BENKENDORF, Richard (1923), Secy, and Supt.. R. J. Graeff, Inc., 1048 Beaubien St., Detroit, Mich. BENNETT, Prescott D. (Associate 1924), Division Sales Mgr.. The Trane Co., 844 Rush St.. Chicago. HI. ' BENNITT, George E. (1918). Utilization Dept., Consolidated Gas Co., 130 East 15th St.. New York. N. Y. BENOIT, William.E. (Associate 1919). Vice-Pres., (for mail) Gallaher & Speck. 219 W. Congress St., Chicago, and 225 S. Harvey Ave.. Oak Park. III. BENTZ, Harry (1915). Pres, (for mail) Bentz Engr. Corp.. 661 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, ana Montclair, N. J. BERG, A. Herman (1919). Pres- (for mail) Berg 'Heat. & Vent. Co.. 752 Laura Ave., and 140 N. Stafford. Nuntington Park, Calif. BERGER, Clyde D. (1922), Sup. Engr., Heat & Power Corp.. 30 Light St., and (for mail) 2604 Overland Ave., Baltimore, Md. BERGGREEN, Paul H. (1921). 22 Horshotms- gade, Copenhagen, Denmark. BERGNER, William G. (Associate 1923). Heat. Contr.. Bergner Plbg.. Heat. & Supply Co., 1925 State St., and 2435 C St.. Granite City. 111. BERMAN, Louis K. (1908). Secy.. Raisler Heat. Co.. 129 Amsterdam Ave., New York. N. Y. BEST, John H. (1921), Heat. & Sanitary Engr.. Martin C. Schawb. 116 S. Michigan Ave., and (for mail) 5227 Connell Ave., Chicago, 111. BEVERLEY, R. Carter (1905). Pres, and Treas.. R. C. Beverley Heat. Co.. Inc.. 308 E. Main St., and (for mail) 3812 Chamberlayne Ave.. Rich mond. Va. BEYER, Jack E. (Junior 1924), Weiss Heat. & Plbg. Co.. 5604 Cedar Ave.. and (for mail) 1317 East 112th St., Cleveland. O. BIGGIN, Frank (1918), Mgr. (for mail) Heat. & Vent. Dept.. Wicker Iron Works. Sheffield, and 19 Rupert Rd., Sheffield, England. BINDER, Charles G. (1920). Mgr. Heat. Dept., Warren Webster & Co., Point and Pearl Sts., Camden, and (for mail) 115 Oak Terrace, Mer- chantviiie, N. J. BINDER, Irving (Junior 1920; 1922), Engr. and Estimator, Walker & Chambers. 222 East 41st St., and (for mail) 900 Riverside Dr., New York, N. Y. BIRCH, Herbert A. (1922), Sales Engr.. U. S. Radiator Corp., 101 Park Ave., and 875 West 181st SL, New York, N. Y. ' BISHOP. Charles R. (1901). (Council 1916). Con sulting Engr., 27 East 40th SL, New York, and (for mail) 413 Locust St., Lockport, N. Y. BISHOP, Frederick R. (1921), Mgr., Furnace Dept., Michigan Stove Co.. 3306 E. Jefferson Ave.. and (for mail) 3247 Carter Ave., Detroit Mich. BLACK, Edgar Newbold (1922), Ch. Engr., Whit ney MacDonald Co., 2320 E. Tioga SL, and (for mail) 1533 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. ' BLACK, Fred C. (1919), Mgr.. M. H. Crane Estate (for mail) 28 N. Desplaines SL. and 4535 N. Ashland Ave., Chicago. IU. BLACK, George E. (1915), Factory Mgr., H. H. Robertson Co.. Ambridge, and (for mail) 709 Broad St., Sewickley, Pa. BLACK, Harry G. (1917), P. Gormly Co., (for mail) 155 North 10th St., and 6052 Catherine St., . Philadelphia. Pa. BLACK, John (1919), John Black & Son, 134 Prospect St., Trenton, N. J. ' BLACK, John J. A. (Junior 1922), John Black & Son. 135 Prospect St.. Trenton, N. J. BLACKHALL, Wllmot R. (1922), (Secy. Ontario Chapter), Sales Engr. (for mail) McKellar& Blackhall. 228 St. Helens Ave., and 332 Waverly Rd., Toronto, OnL * BLACKMAN, Alfred O. (1911). Supt. Power and Plant. Yale & Towne Mfg. Co. (for maul) 48 Hillcrest Ave., Stamford. Conn. BLACKMORE, F. H. (1923), U. S. Radiator Corp.. Edwardsville, 111. BLACKMORE, George C. (Charter Member), 435 Maple Ave., Edgewood Park, Allegheny County. Pa. BLACKMORE, J. J.* (Charter Member). (Coun cil 1896; Board of Governors 1904; Secretary 1914, 1915); J. L. Mott Iron Works, 118 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. ' ' BLADON, James B. (1909), Ch. Engr.. Darling Bros., Ltd., Montreal. Que. BLAIR, Wm. B. (Associate 1923), c/o Taplin Furnace Co., 3006 First Ave.,- S.. Minneapolis, Minn. BLANDING, George H. (1919). Sales Engr., Johnson Service Co., 177 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, and (for mail) 729 Hayes Ave.. Oak Park. 111. . BLANEY, Charles A. (1914). Wheeler-Blaney Co., 223 N. Burdick.St., Kalamazoo. Mich. BLANKIN, Merrill F. (Junior 1919), Secy.. Haynes Selling Co., 1711 Sansom St., and (for mail). 470 Lyceum Ave., Roxborough, Philadel phia, Pa. BLEST, Frank S. (1923), Treas., Blest & Emery Co.. Inc.. 784 Coney Island Ave., and (for mail) 226 Argyle Rd., Brooklyn, N. Y. ' 7 Roll of Membership BLIZARD, John* (1921), Research Engr., Power Specialty Co., Ill Broadway. New York, and 87 Davis Ave., West New Brighton, Staten . Island, N. Y. BLODGETT, Will H. (1923), U. S. Radiator Corp., 1412 West 12th St., and (for mail) 5529 Tillman Ave., Kansas City, Mo. - BLOMFELDT, Allen A. (1914), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Biomfeldt& Rapp Co.. 108 N. Jefferson St., and 6523 Greenview Ave., Chicago, 111. BLOOM, Samuel C. (1915), Vice-Pres. and Re search Engr., Atmospheric Conditioning Corp.. 841 Monadnock Block, and (for mail) 1953 East . 72nd St.. Chicago. 111. BLOOM, William (1924), (for mail) Bloom Heat. Systems, 245 W. Broadway, New York, and 701 Ave. C. Brooklyn. N. Y. BOALES, William G. (Associate 1923), Salesman, Hoffman Specialty Co., Carleton Plaza Hotel, John R and Walton Sts.. Detroit, Mich. BOARDMAN, Wallace E. (1923), Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Stone & Webster, Inc., 147 Milk St., Boston, and 54 Pleasant St.. Wakefield. Mass. BODTKE, Max (Associate 1921). Box 24. R. F. D. No. 1, Berrien Springs, Mich. BOEDDNER, George (Associate 1923), Asst. Mgr., National Supply Co., 1 St. Clair St., and "for mail) 3005 Park Wood Ave., Toledo, O. BOGATY, Herman S. (1921), Consulting Engr. (for mail) Proctor & Schwartz, Inc., Seventh and Tabor Rd., and 5243 North 10th .St., Phila delphia. Pa. BOLLING, J- Esten* (Junior 1918; 1921). Con sulting Publicity Engr., Office and Residence, 1531 Hood Ave., Chicago, 111. BOLSINGER, Raymon C. (1916), (Pres. Phila delphia Chapter), Secy, (formail) Fowler&Wolf Mfg. Co., 521 Bulletin Bldg., Philadelphia. Pa.. and 238 E. Madison Ave., Collingswood, N. J. BOLTON. Reginald Pelham* (1897), (Board of Governors 1901; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1903; 1st VicePres. 1905-10; Pres. 1911; Board of Governors 1912, 1913) Pres, (for mail) R. P. Bolton Co.. 116 East 19th St., and 638 West 158th St., New York, N. Y. BOON, George (1915), Engr. (for mail) Boon & Sample, 3008 Ludlow St., and 3527 Hamilton St., ' Philadelphia, Pa. BOOTH, Charles A. (1917), Sales Mgr. (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co., and 142 Summit Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. BOOTH, Harry N. (Associate 1917; 1924), Mgr., New York Br., U. S. Radiator Corp.. 101 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. BORDEN, John M. (1920), Const. Engr., Johns- ManvilJe, Inc., 210 N. Broad St., and (for mail) 48 E. Washington Lane, Philadelphia, Pa. - BORNEMAN, Walter A. (Junior 1923; 1924). Engr. (for mail) Carrier Engr. Corp.. 1402 Land Title Bldg., and 194 Thelma St., Philadelphia, Pa. BOSTAIN, James C. (1923), Sales and Service Engr. (for mail) Williamson Heater Co.. 337 W. Fifth St., and 326 Elland Circle, Avondale, Cincinnati, O. BOSTWICK, Clinton G. (1924), Braman. Dow & Co.. 239 Causeway St.. Boston. Mass. BOSWIN, George A. (1917), Secy, (for mail) R. B. Hayward Co.. 1714 Sheffield Ave., and 902. Diversey Parkway, Chicago, 111. BOUCHER, M. F. (1924), H. B. Smith Co., 17th and Arch Sts., Philadelphia. Pa. BOWDEN, Frank (Associate 1924), Chief Engr. and Instructor (for mail) Windsor & Walkerville Tech. School, Giles Blvd., and 1609 Dougall Ave., Windsor, Ont. BOWERS, A. F. (Associate 1919), Industrial Heat. & Eng. Co.. 143 Oneida St.. Milwaukee, Wis. BOWERS, J. S. (1921). Sales Engr. (for mail) Hoffman Specialty Co., 2525a W. St. Louis Ave., St. Louis, Mo. ' BOYD, D. Knickerbocker (1921), Otis Bldg.. 112 South 16th St., and Coronado Apts., 22nd and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. BOYD, William R. (Junior 1924) Heat. Engr.. Turner Supply Co., 8 W. Sixth St., and 702 East 17th St., Chester, Pa. BOYDEN, Davis S* (1909), (Council 1917), Supt. Steam Heat. Service Dept, (for mail) Edison Elec. 111. Co., 39 Boylston St., Boston, and 72 GardnerSt- Allston, Mass. BOYLSTON, A. W. (1918), (for mail) Boylston Steam Spec. Co., 116 W. Illinois St., Chicago, and 1521 Lake Ave., Wilmette, 111. BOYLSTON, John (Associate 1906), Pres, (for mail) Boylston Steam Specialty Co., 116 W. Illinois St.. Chicago, and 1302 Chestnut Ave., Wilmette, 111. BRADBURY, Clifford R. (1904). Supv. Archfs Office, U. S. Treasury Dept., and (for mail) 1843 Lamont St., N.W., Washington. D. C. BRADBURY, Geo. L. (1921). (Secy., Colorado Chapter) Co-partner and Mgr. (for mail) Brad bury Bros. Heat Co., 1219 Stout St., and 1254 Race St., Denver, Colo. ' BRADLEY, Eugene P.* (1906), Hester. Bradley Co.. 4200 Forest Park Blvd., St. Louis, and 4 Yale Ave., University City, Mo. BRADLEY, John T. (1908), (Board of Governors, 1911), Pres, (for mail) Bradley Heat Co., 3834 Olive St., St. Louis, and 4 Yale Ave., University City, Mo. BRADLEY, Royal H. (1915). Pres, and Gen. Mgr., Kelsey Heat. Co.. The Alhambra Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y. BRAEMER. William G. R. (1915), Consulting Engr., Grinnell Co., Inc., 260 W. Exchange St., Providence, and 181 Norwood Ave., Cranston, R.I. BRANDELES, H. J. (1921), Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) H. J. Brandeles Corp., 435 Lafayette St., and 66 Prospect St., Utica, N. Y. . BRASSINGTON, Arthur F. (Associate 1918), (for mail) 520-24 West 41st St., New York, and 337 Richmond Ave.. Port Richmond, N. Y. BRAUN, Louis T. (1921). Secy., Chicago Master Steam Fitters Association. 1213 Chamber of Commerce, and (for mail) 1418 Jonquil Terrace, Chicago. 111. , BRAY, Daniel S. (Associate 1920), Local Mgr., (for mail) Peerless Heater Co., 1235-45 St., Clair Ave., and 9925 Olivet Ave., Cleveland, O. BRECKENRIDGE, L. P. (1920), Prof. Mech. Engr. (Emeritus) Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University, New Haven. Conn., and (for mail) The Brackens, North Fenisburg, Vt. BREDSON, Clarence R. (Junior 1921). Salesman, (for mail) American Radiator Co.. Prior Ave. and Minnehaha St., St. Paul, and 53 Melbourne Ave.,' S.E., Minneapolis. Minn. BREEN: Joseph_W. (1916), Heat. Engr., Wyal- using Ave. and" Fallon St., and (for mail) 957 Fallon St., W. Philadelphia, Pa.- BREITENBACH, Walter J. (Junior 1&23), Designer and Estimator, Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co.. 4519-33 Ni Euclid Ave., and,'(for.mail), 1525a Mallinckrodt St., St. Louis, Mo. ' BRENDER, Peter E. (1920). Engr., c/o Albert Kahn, Detroit, and (for mail) 1327 Geddes Ave., Ann Arbor, Mich. . BRENNAN, Thomas P. (1914). Pres, (for mail) Brennan, Moran, McGowan, Inc., 157 Columbus Ave., and 502 West 141st St., New`York. N. Y. BRESNAHAN, James J.'(1919), Pres, and Treas.. James J. Bresnahan, Inc., 37-41 Pearl St., and 135 Fordham Dr,, Buffalo, N. Y. BRICKEY, Joel P., 665 S. Pearl St.. Denver. Colo.' BRIDGES, Frank G. (1919), Heat. Engr., Powers Regulator Co.. 1863 Reyburn Rd., Cleveland, O. BRINTON. J. W. (1920), Mgr., American Blower Co.. 10 High St.. Boston. Mass. - BRODERICK, Jos. F. (Junior 1914; 1918), Engr.. S. H. Sweeney, 238 East 45th St., New York, N- Y., and (for mail) P. O. Box 388, Springdale, Conn. .. BROGAN, James J. (Associate 1917), (for mail) Brogan & Co., 810.Race St., Philadelphia, and 6142 Lebanon Ave., Overbrook. Pa. BROGAN, William J. (Junior 1922), (for mail) Brogan & Co., 810 Race St.. Philadelphia, and 6142 Lebanon Ave., Overbrook, Pa. 8 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 BRONSON, Carlos E. (1919), Mech. Engr.. Kewanee Boiler Co., Kewanee. 111. BROOKS, Henry W. (1924), Fuel Eng. (for mail) U. S. Bureau of Mines, 4800 Forbes St., Pitts burgh, Pa., and 1300 McPhearson Blvd., Tre- mont, O. ' ' __ BROOKS, T. C. (1923), Pres, and Treas., T. C. Brooks Co.. 101 W. Dedham St., Boston. Mass. BROWN. Aubrey, I. (1923), Ohio State Univer sity, Columbus, O. BROWN, Edward R. (1920), (for mail) The Brown Co., 1053 Baltimore Ave., W,, and 2290 La Mothe Ave., Detroit, Mich. BROWN, Edwin H. (1920), Hewitt & Brown, Archts. and Engrs. (for mail) 1200 Second Ave. S., Minneapolis, and Point Lookout, Wayzata, Minn. , BROWN, Fred C. (Associate 1919), Supervisor of Bldgs, (for mail) Bd. of Educ., 245 Ninth Ave., N.. and 2425 Chicago Ave.. Minneapolis, Minn. BROWN. John H. (1920), Br. Mgr. (for mail) Keasbey & Mattison Co., 429 N. Washington Ave.. and 3704 Blaisdell St., Minneapolis, Minn.. BROWN, Stephen J. (Associate 1919). Pres.. Globe Vent. Co., 205 River St.. Troy, N. Y- . BROWN, William H. (Associate 1923). Mgr, Plbg. & Heat. Dept.. C. E. Armstrong & Sons, 238 Fifth Ave., and (for mail) 710 Seventh Ave.. Clinton, la. BROWNE, Alfred L. (1923). Engr. and Sales Mgr., Illinois Eng. Co., 3514 Grand Central Terminal. New York. N. Y. ' BROWNELL, Chester D. (1923). Mgr. and Engr. (for mail) Reliable Plbg. & Heat. Co.. 109 W. University Ave., and 307 W. White St., Cham- BRuIgGEMAN, Arthur R. (1920), Pres, (for mail) The A. R. Brueggeman Co.. Keith Bldg., and 3068 Huntington Rd., Shaker Heights, Cleveland, O. ^ BRUNETT, Adrian L. (1923), Mech. Engr., P. O. Box 16, Rockville, Md. BRUNNER, Herbert (1924). Consulting Engr. (for mail) 320 West 48th St., and 830 Seventh ' Ave., New York, N. Y. BRUNT, T. Bayard (1917), Cb. Engr. and Mgr., Mechanical Equipment Co., 214 South 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa., and 405 Eighth St., Riverton, N. J. . BRUSMAN, Harry M. (1923), Heat, and Sanitary Engr., National Cash Register Co., Dayton, O. BRYANT, Dr. Alice G.* (1921). 502 Beacon St.. Boston, Mass. BRYANT, Percy J. (1915), Ch. Engr. (for mail) U. S. Military Academy, West Point, and New ' burgh, N. Y. BRYCE, John W. (1918), The Bryce Heat. & Vent Co.. 415-18 Spitzer Bldg., Toledo. O. BRYCE, Stephen D. (1921), (for mail) Bryce Heat. & Vent. Co.. 415 Spitzer Bldg., and 2907 Rockwood PL. Toledo, O. ' BUCK, Mitchell S. (1922), Engr. (for mail) Vapor Heating Co.. 215 South 17th St., and 213 Rex - Ave-,.Philadelphia, Pa. BUEL, H. G. (Associate 1921). Vice-Pres.. Tilgh- man, Moyer Co., 141 N. Ninth St., and (for mail) 2135 Chew St., Allentown, Pa. BUENGER, Alber* (Junior 1917; 1920), Mech. Engr., C. H. Johnston, Archt.. 715 Capital Bank Bldg., and (for mail) 1666 Stanford Ave.. St. Paul, Minn. BUENSOD, Alfred C. (1918), Mech. Sales Engr. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp., 39 Cortlandt St., and 61 West 10th St.. New York, N. Y. BULKELEY, Claude A. (1923), E. T. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Rm. 12063 DuPont Bldg., Wilmington, Del. ' BUNNELL, Ercell W. (Junior 1923; 1924). Sales Engr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., 1631-33 Second Ave., N.. and 812 Cotton Ave., Birming- nam, rtia. BURGER, John C. (1919), Contr. (for mail) Gallaher & Speck, 219 W. Congress St., and 7201 Champlain Ave., Chicago. 111. ` BURNAP, Chas. W. (1922). Herman Nelson Corp., 724 Commercial St., Emporia, Kan. BURNETT, Earle S. (1920). Mech. Engr.. P. O. Box 602, Forth Worth. Tex. BURNS, Edward J. (1923). Heat. Engr. (for mail) H. Kelly & Co.. 925 Plymouth Bldg.. Minne apolis, Minn. BURNS, James J. (1919). (for mail) Burns, Fleming & Co., 620 Second Ave.. and 6646 Ridgeville St., Pittsburgh, Pa. BURNS, Richard D. (1915). 19th and Brown Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa. BURNS. Willard A. (1924). Collins & Burns Co.. 1728 Farwell Ave., Chicago, 111. BURR, Ralph J. (Associate 1919). Heat. Contr.. Standish. Mich. BURRITT, Charles G. (Associate 1916). Mgr.. Johnson Service Co.. 308 Third Ave., S.. Minne apolis, Minn. BURT, John E. (1924), J. E, Burt & Son. 2442 South 16th St., Philadelphia, Pa. BURTON. Clarence A. (1919), Mgr., Kewanee Boiler Co., 2020 Wyandotte St., and 3534 Virginia Ave., Kansas City, Mo. BUSHNELL, Carl D. (Associate 1921), Pres, (for mail) Bushnell Machinery Co. 206 Wood St.. Pittsburgh, and 94 Pilgrim Rd., Rosslyn Farms. Carnegie, Pa. BUSHNELL, Clifford D. (1921), Supt. of Physical Plant (for mail) Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind. BUSHNELL, Thomas H., Jr. (1920), Engr., National Lamp Works, Nela Park, and. (for mail) 1781 Rosedale Ave.. E.. Cleveland. O. BUTLER, Charles (1920). 108H W. Second St.. Oklahoma City, Okla. - BUTLER, Peter D. (1922), Salesman, U. S. Rad. ' Corp., 101 Park Ave.. New York, N. Y., and (for mail) 1131 Summit Ave.. Jersey City, N. J. BUTLER, Thomas F. (Associate 1919), Heat. Vent, and Plbg. (for mail) 545 Broadway, and W. Erie and Madison Aves.. Lorain, O. BYRNES, Thos. F. (1924). Heat. & Vent. Engr. (for mail) M. J. Daly & Sons, and 42 Edson Ave.. Waterbury, Conn. - BYSOM, Leslie L. (1915). Public Works Dept.. Puget Sound Navy Yard, and (for mail) 6l8 Boston St., Bremerton, Wash. , C CADMUS, Raymond (1922). Engr. and Estima tor. Johnston Heat. Co.. 131 East 26th St.. New York. N. Y,, and (for mail) 11 Park Ave., Maple wood. N. J. CADWELL, William H. (1916), Pres, (for mail) The Beaton & Cadwell Mfg. Co.. P. O. Box 1012, and 130 W. Main St., New Britain, Conn. CALAHAN, John J. (1915). Supervising Engr. . (for mail) Bd. of Education. Administration 'Bldg., 2 Harrison Ave., and 78 Bartholdi Ave., Jersey City. N. J. _ CALEB, David* (1923). Engr., Kansas City Power & Light Co., 1330 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo. CALLAHAN, Michael J. (1914). Pres, and Treas., Peerless Unit Ventilation Co., Skillman Ave. and Hufst St., Long Island City, N. Y. CALVERT, Norman W.* (1921). Engr. (for mail) The Detroit Edison Co., 2000 Second Ave., and 5244 Allendale Ave., Detroit, Mich. CAMPBELL, Everett K.* (1920), Pres.and Treas.. E. K. Campbell Heat. Co.. 2445 Charlotte St and 4133 Oak St.. Kansas City. Mo. ` CANTWELL, William T. (1920), Plbg. and Heat. Contr. (for mail) 306 Bleecker St., and 1302 Brinckerhoff Ave., Utica, N. Y. CARDER, Wm. W. (Associate 1923), Sales Engr.. Johnson Service Co., 206 Bona Allen Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. . CAREY, Jeremiah J. (1923). Supr. of Plans. No. 2 State House. Boston. Mass. CARNAHAN, Glen C. (1924), Peoples Gas Light Bldg- 122 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. CARPENTER, B. Harold (Charter Member). (Board of Managers 1899, Board of Governors 1905). Pres, (for mail) B. G. Carpenter Co., 508 S. Main St., and 65 W. Union St., Wilkes-Barre. Pa. 9 Roll of- Membership CARPENTER, R. H. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) Nash Eng. Co., 350 Madison Ave.. New York, and 10 First St., White Plains, N. Y. CARRIER, WlUls H.* (1913), (Council 1923-1924), Pres., Carrier Eng. Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, and (for mail) Rensselaer Rd.. Essex Fells, N. J. CARRUTHERS, Keith L. (Junior 1923), Dept. Mgr. (for mail) Gurney Foundry Co., 500 King St., W.. and 603 Huron St., Toronto, Ont. CARSTEN, W. H. (1923). Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) Majestic Furnace & Mfg. Co.. Inc., 600 Terry Ave., N.. and 102 W. Canal St.. Seattle, Wash. CARSTENS, Emil (Junior 1922), H. B. Smith Co., 17th and Arch Sts., and (for mail) 512 W. Corn wall St.. Philadelphia. Pa. , CARTLAND, Silas (Junior 1923), Ch. Engr.. Juno Heater Co., 647 Oakdale Ave., Chicago. 111., and (for mail) Box 84, Penwater. Mich. CARTY, Thomas (1924). 20 Audubon Ave., New York, N. Y. CARY, Albert A.* (Charter Member), (Board of Managers 1894; Council 1896; Board of Man agers 1899). Consulting Engr., 95 Liberty St., New York. N. Y. CASE, Edward W. (Associate 1916), Vice-Pres, and Secy., W. A. Case & Son Mfg. Co.. 31 Main St.. Buffalo, N. Y. CASEY, Byron L. (1921). Sales Engr. (for mail) Ilg Electric Vent. Co., 5 S. Wabash Ave.. Chicago, and 501 Clifton Ave., Park Ridge. III. CASSEL, Hiram H. (1920), Mech. Engr. (for mail) Smith. Hinchman & Grylls, 800 Mar quette Bldg., and 9835 Chenlot Ave., Detroit. Mich. CASSELL, John D.* (1913). Supt. of Bldgs. (for mail) Bd. of Public Education, Keystone School Bldg., 19th and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., and 740 Garfield Ave., Palmyra, N. J. CASSERLY, T. D. (Associate 1923), (for mail) Weil-McLain Co.. 641 W. Lake St., and 5339 Winthrop Ave., Chicago, 111. CAVtLEER, James V. (Associate 1921). Office Mgr. (for mail). Lewis, Robinson & Gant. 1302 Land Title Bldg., and 2938 North 27th St., Philadelphia. Pa. CHADEAYNE, Geo. D. (Junior 1924), (for mail) Gorton & Lldgerwood Co., 96 Liberty St.. New York, and 308 Stratford Rd., Brooklyn, N. Y. CHALLMAN, Samuel A. (1919), Comm, of School Bldg., State Dept, of Education State Capitol. St. Paul, and (for mail) 1107 Seventh St., S.E., Minneapolis, Minn. CHAMBERS, Wm. E. (Associate 1923), 1025 Franklin St., Williamsport. Pa. CHAPMAN, D. Witt (1914), Pres., D. W. Chap man Eng. & Supply Co.. 1413 Lakeland Ave.. Cleveland, and (for mail) 1230 Jackson Ave., Lakewood. O. CHAPMAN, Frank T. (1909), (Bd. of Governors 1913;.Council 1914; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1915; 1st Vice-Pres. 1916), Mgr, of Sales (for mail) Fitz- gibbons Boiler Co.. Inc- 47 West 42nd St- New York, N. Y- and Montclair, N. J. CHASE, J. D, (1921), Providence Vent. Co., 262 Doyle Ave- Providence. R. 1. ' CHASE, John M. (Associate 1916), Vice-Pres. and Eastern Repr. (for mail) W. H. Case & Son Mfg. Co., 50 East 42nd St., and 468 Riverside Dr- New York, N. Y. CHATTERDON, B. W. (Associate 1921). Sales man (for mail) 528 S. Grove Ave- Oak Park, Bl and 1445 Congress St., Cleveland, O. CHENOWETH, William H., Jr. (1911), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co- 649 W. Washington St., Chicago, and 256 Keystone AveRiver Forest, 111. CHERRY, Lester A. (1921), (for mail) Industrial Planning Corp.. 80 W. Genesee St., and 155 Euclid Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. CHERVEN, Victor W. (Associate 1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Holland Furnace Co- and 326 Maple Ave- Holland, Mich. ' CHESTER, Thomas* (1917), Consulting Engr. (for mall) 2970 W. Grand Blvd- and c/o Lexing ton Hotel, Detroit, Mich. CHEW, Irving (Associate 1921), Salesman. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp.. 31st and Oxford Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa., and (for mail) 5 Cedar Ave- Haddonfield, N. J. CHEYNEY, Charles C. (Junior 1913), Mgr. (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co- 562 W. Washington Blvd.. Chicago, and Glencoe. 111. CHILD. Earnest T. (1915), Pres, (for mail) Child' & Scott Co- 112 Wooster St.. New York. N. Y.. and 70 Mt. Pleasant Ave., W. Orange. N. J. CHOFFIN, C. C. (1919), Secy, and Treas., W. J. Scholl & Co- Mahoning Ave- and Hogue St., Youngstown. O. CHRISTIAN, Charles W. (1913), Heat, and Vent. Engr. and Contr.. Box 292, 135 Brevard Ct- and Myers Park. Charlotte, N. C. CHUBB, John E. (Associate 1917), Sales Engr- Whitlock Coil Pipe Co- 343 S. Dearborn St- Chicago. and (for mail) 806 Colfax St- Evanston. CHURCH, Herbert J. (1922), Mgr. (for mail) Darling Bros. Ltd- Rm. 30, 77 York St- Toronto, and Weston, Ont. CLAFFEY, Edward J. (1913), Pres, (for mail) E. J. Claffey Co- 10 W. Illinois St- and 439 Melrose St- Chicago. 111. CLARK, E. Harold (1922), Sales Mgr. (for mail) American Blower Co- 1450 David Whitney Bldg.. and 475 Peterboro, Detroit, Mich. CLARK, Fred C. (1923), Pres., F. C. Clark Heat. Co- 1015 Homewood Ave- Pittsburgh, Pa. CLARK, Homer J. (1910), Dist, Mgr. (for mail) B. F. Sturtevant Co- 436 Guardian BJdg- Cleveland, O. CLARK, Robert L. (Associate 1918), Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Clark Asbestos Co.. 1893 East 55th St.. Cleveland, and 93i Caledonia, Cleveland Heights, O. CLARK, William C. (1918), Secy, (for mail) Becker-Seidel Co- 2341 East 22nd St- Cleveland, and 298 Gilchrist Dr.. Wickliff, O. CLARK, W. Chas. M. (1915). Consulting Engr., 825-827 Engineers' Bldg-- Cleveland, O. CLARK, WUUam D. (1908), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Richardson & Boynton Co- 260 Fifth Ave- New York, and (for mail) 8613 110th St., Richmond Hill, N. Y. CLARK, W. H.' (1921), Anchor Sanitary Co- 123 Third Ave- Pittsburgh. Pa. CLARKE, H. W. (Associate 1923), J. Spear Stove & Heat. Co- 1823 Market St- Philadelphia, and (for mail) 117 Sylvan Ave- Rutledge, Pa. CLARKE. Samuel S. (1909), Heat. & Vent. Engr. (for mau) Imperial Radiator Co- and . Canadian Sirocco Co- 605 Second St- W- and 603 Second St- W. Calgary, Alberta. CLARKSON, Robert C., Jr. (1921), Asst. EngrTurner Construction Co- 1713 Sansom St- and (for mail) 821 South 49tb St., Philadelphia. Pa. CLARKSON, William B. (1919), Director of Research. King Vent. Co., 251 Broadway. Owatonna, Minn. CLEGG, Carl (1922), Mgr. (for mail) American Blower Co- 310 Mutual Bldg.*, and 3433 Holmes St., Kansas City, Mo. CLIFTON, William A. (1919), Heat. Engr- State Dept, of Architecture, Albany, and (for mail) Round Lake. N. Y. . CLIFTON, W. F. (1923), 313 Brock Ave., Toronto, Ont. CLINE, Edgar A. (1914), Secy, (for mail) General Heat. Supply Co- Rm. 1 Reliance Bldg- and 11 West 68th St- Terrace, Kansas City, Mo. CLISE, Floyd W. (Associate 1920), 325 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich. CLOUGH, Leslie (1922). Engr. (lor mail) H. P. & E. S. Stubbs, 9 Ash St- Boston, and 63A Mt. Auburn St- Watertown, Mass. r COCHRAN, Moncrieff M. (1908)/ Pres., Cochran- Sargent Co- Fifth and Sibley Sts., and 400 Holly Ave- St. Paul, Minn. 10 * .j-rv'n 'U American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 COCKBURN. Leslie S. (1920), Asst. Works Engr. (for mail) Fisher Body Corp- General Motors Bldg- Detroit, and Trenton, Mich. COE, Ivan B. (1918), Mgr- Secy, and Treas. (for mail) Blower Systems Corp., 362 Plymouth, Ave- S- and 122 Penhurst St- Rochester, N. Y. COE, Ralph T. (1917). (for mail) The R. T. Coe Companies, 5th floor. Cutler Bldg- and 235 Chili Ave- Rochester, N. Y. COHAGEN, Chandler C. (1919). Archt. (for mail) Box 1305. 508 Elec. Bldg., and 127 Wyoming Ave- Billings, Mont. ^ .. COLBY, Clyde W. (1915). Pres, (for mail) Colby- Merrill Co- Superior Ave., N.E.. at 17th St.. Cleveland. and 1755 Northfield Ave-- East Cleveland, O. _, ... COLEMAN, John B. (1920), Ch. Engr. (for mail) Grinnell Co- Inc- 260 W. Exchange St., and 152 Taber Ave.. Providence, R. I. COLLAMORE, Ralph (1904), (Board of Gover nors 1913), Secy- Smith. Hinchman & Grylls, 800 Marquette Bldg- and (for mail) 679 Pingree Ave- Detroit. Mich. COLLIER, William I. (1921). Consulting Engr. (for mail) W. I. Collier & Co.. 15 E. Fayette St., Baltimore, and EHicott City, Md. . COLLINS, Howard F. (1919), Mgr- Reading Heat. & Vent. Co- 331 Calls Ct- and 1503 North 14th St- Reading. Pa. CONES, Benjamin (1911). (for mail) Secy, and Treas- National Eng. Co- 1119 Peoples Bank Bldg- and 420 N. Keystone Ave- Indianapolis, Ind. CONNELL, Harry E. (1922). Mgr., U. S. Radiator Corp- 136 Federal St- Boston, and (for mail) 60 Randolph St- Arlington. Mass. ^ CONNELL, Richard F. (1916). Heat. Engr- U- S. Radiator Corp., Broadway and Grand River Ave- and (for mail) 4659 Pacific Ave- Detroit. Mich. CONNOR. Michael (Associate 1922). Mgr. (for mail) Connor Bros. Plbg. & Heat. Co- 827 Second Ave- S- and 1134 Vincent Ave- Minneapolis. Minn. COOGAN, Jesse (1915), (for mail) Jesse Coogan Eng. Co- 1108 Boston Bldg- and Commercial Club. Salt Lake City. Utah. ` COOK, Benjamin F. (1920), Consulting Engr.. Giliham, Cook & White, 409 Interstate Bldg.. Kansas City, and (for mail) Route 6. Box 452. . independence. Mo. ,, ... COOK, Chester D. (1921), Contr. (for mail) 2340 Pine St- and 4923 Magnolia Ave- St. Louis. [MO. .. COOK, Harris R. (Associate 1924). Mgr- American Foundry & Furnace Co- 805 36th St- Milwaukee, and Okauchee, Wis. , .. . COOLEY, Maxwell S.* (1911). Bureau of Yards and Docks. Navy Dept- Washington,' D. C. and (for mail) 5 E. Irving St., Chevy Chase. Md. COON, Thurlow E. (1916). Pres- The Coon- DeVisser Co.. 1772 W. Lafayette Blvd- and (for mail) 826 Edison Ave., Detroit. Mich. COOPER, Frank I. (1911), (Council 1914-1916). Pres- Frank' Irving Cooper Corp,, Archts. and Engrs- 172 Tremont St., Boston, and Concord Rd,, Wayland. Mass. . ' COOPER, John W. (Junior 1921). Repr. (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co-- 515 Chemical Bldg-- and 4305 Lindell Blvd- St. Louis. Mo. - COOPER, Michael A. (1920). Mgr. Heat. Dept, (for mail) Plbg. & Mill Supply Co- Inc- 840 Baronne St- and 2225 Peni3ton St- New Orleans. COOPER, Thos. R. (1923), Shanghai Waterworks Co- Shanghai, China. . COOPER, Thomas W. (Associate 1922), Mgr. (for mail) Utica Heater Co- 1712 Ludlow St and 5117 N. Mervine St- Philadelphia, Pa. CORBETT, Melvin C. (1922), Eng. Dept.. Standard Heater Co- and (for .mail) P. O. Box 280. Williamsport, Pa. CORNWALL, George T. (1919), Mgr- Boiler Dept, (for mail) Hitchings & Co- Cor. Spring and Louisa Sts.', and 633 Madison Ave- Elizabeth, N.J. .' CORNWELL, F. E. (Associate 1923), Salesman (for mall) National Heat. & Vent. Co- Wausau, and 1463 Murray Ave- Milwaukee, Wis. , COSGROVE, Wallace M. (1923), Br. Mgr. (for mail) American Radiator Co- 40 West 40th St- New York. N. Y- and 94 Kensington Ave., Jersey City. N- J. ,, _ COWAN, Robert A. (1921). Heat. &. Vent. Engr. (for mail) New Amsterdam Hotel, 22nd St. and Euclid Ave- Cleveland, O. COWARD, Herbert (1921). Mgr. Wash. Office (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co- 501 Washington Loan & Trust Bldg- Washington, D. C- and East Falls Church, Va. COWELL, Robert J. (1922), Gordon & Co- Ltd- 110 Szechuen Rd- Shanghai. China. COWLES, Benjamin E. (1919), Heat. Engr. (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co.. 824 S. Fourth St- Minneapolis. and 3711 Colfax Ave- N. Minne apolis. Minn. COX, Christopher, J. (1919). (for mail) C J. Cox Eng. Co- 625 Putnam Ave- Cambridge, and 1412 Com ! Ave- Allston. Mass. COX, W. F. (1924), Crane Co- 1328 West 12th St- Kansas City, Mo. COX. William W. (1923), Consulting Engr. (for mail) Godfrey Jones Co- 2021 L. C. Smith Btdg- and 5416 Kirkwood PI- Seattle Wash. CRAIG, F. Broadhurst (1922), Director (for mail) Broadhurst Craig & Ching. Ltd- 1 Fitzroy St- London. W.l- and 28 Clarence Rd- Windsor, .England. .. CRAIGHEAD, Edward W. (Associate 1920). Heat. Engr. (for mail) C. W. Sales Co.. 2038 East 105th St- and 1197 Brockiey Ave- Cleveland, O. CRANNELL, Chas. A. (1922), Secy.-Treas- Cran- nell-Beaton Co- 210 Hammond Bldg- and 1011 Park PI- Hammond. Ind. CRAWFORD, W. B. (1921). Consulting Engr- J. P. Marsh & Co- 114-124 S. Clinton St- and (for mail) 1516 N. Mayfield Ave- North Austin. Chicago. 111. CRIQUI, Albert A.* (1919), Heat- Vent, and Fan Engr- Buffalo Forge Co- 490 Broadway, and (for mail) 250 Blaine Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. CROCKER, Robt. B. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr. and Heat. Mgr., Mfrs. Nat'l Bank Bldg- Lynn, and (for mail) 104 Sycamore St.. Waverly. Mass. ` CROFT, Terrell (1924). Directing Engr. (for mail) T. Croft Eng. Co- 6600 Delmar Blvd.. and 6925 Amherst Ave- University City, St. Louis, Mo. CRONE, Chas. E. (1922). Sales Engr. (for mail) Mehring & Hanson Co- 162-166 W. Clinton St and 5432 Woodlawn Ave- Chicago. III. CRONE, Thomas E. (1920), Dist. Mgr- Minne apolis Heat Regulator Co- 34 Park Place, Rm. 11. Newark, and (for mail) 11 Prospect St.. E. Orange ,N. J. CRUTCHLEY, Edward, Jr. (1920), Heat Contr. (for mail) E. Crutchely, Jr., 477 83rd St., and 8509 10th Ave- Brooklyn. N. Y. CULBERT, Warren G. (Associate 1911). 3042 - Chestnut St- and (for mail) Ridley Park, Phila delphia. Pa. CULLEN, Harry J. (1923), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Warren & Wetmore. 16 East 47th St- New York, and (for mail) 15 Scutt PI- Jamaica. N. Y. CULLYFORD, Francis S. (1915). Pres, and Mgr., (for mail) Cullyford Plbg. & Heat. Co- 1210 Cali fornia St- and 517 Josephine St- Denver, Colo. CUMMINGS. George H. (1919). Sales Engr. (for mail) Morgan-Gerrish Co- 800-806 La Salle Ave- and 2300 Girard Ave.. S- Apt. 8, Minne apolis. Minn. CUMMINGS, Gerald J. (1923). 405 Oakland Ave., Oakland, Calif. CURRIER, Charles H. (1919). Vice-Pres. (for mail) Drying Systems. Inc., II S. Desplaines St and 400 Deroing PL, Marlborough Apts- Chicago. CUSTER. Allen E. (1921), Heat. Engr.. C. W. Richards Co- 5-9 W. Commerce St- Bridgeton,. N-J. 11 Roll of Membership CUTLER. Joseph A. (1916), (Council 1917-1924) Mgr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co.. 1355 W. Washington Blvd., and Drake Hotel. Chicago. 111. CUTTER. Edward H. (Associate 1923), Special Distributor, Hoffman Steam Specialties (for mail) 179 W. Washington St., Chicago, and Elgin. 111. CUYLER, David H. (1917). Engr.. Wolff Mfg. Corp.. 300 N. Robey St., Chicago. 111., and (for mail) 910 S. Carson St.. Charlotte, N. C. DELAND, Chas. W. (Junior 1923; 1924), (for mail) C. W. Johnson, Inc.. 211 N. Desplaines St., and 2021 Estes Ave.. Chicago. III. DeLONG, Maj. Harry B. (1915), (for mail) H. B. DeLong Co.. W. 409 First Ave., and 231 East 24th Ave., Sookane, Wash. DEMPSEY, Harry P. (1919), Consulting Mech. Engr. (for mail) 34 Delaware Ct., 232 Delaware Ave.. Buffalo, and 394 Pleasant Ave., Hamburg. D. DAILEY, James A. (Associate 1920). Heat. Contr.. 24 Elmwood Ave., Bogota, N. J. DALY. John H. (1915), Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) Daly Co.. 1425 16th St., and Denver Athletic Club. Denver, Colo. ' DAMBLY. A. Ernest (Junior 1921; 1924). Asst, (for mail) H. B. Hackett, 505 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. DAME. Clement T. (1920). (for mail) M. A. Dame & Son Co.. 27 Haymarket Sq- Boston, and 175 Ocean St., Lynn. Mass. DANFORTH, N. Loring (1919), Pres., John W. Danforth Co.. 72 Ellicott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. DARTS, John A. (1919), Sales Mgr. (for mail) Kewanee Boiler Co., Inc.. 47 West 42nd St., and 272 Manhattan Ave., New York, N. Y. DAUCH, EmilO. (1921), Detroit Repr., Continen tal Heater Corp., 513 Congress Bldg., and (for mail) 81 Montana Ave., W.. Detroit. Mich. DAUGHERTY, Fred M. (1919), Contrg. Engr., Grinnell Co.. Inc.. 407 Society for Savings Bldg., Cleveland. O. DAVENPORT, Edwin A. (1916), Heat. & Vent. Engr., American Warming & Vent. Co., 317-319 Pennsylvania Ave., Elmira. N. Y. DAVIDSON. II. MacD. (Junior 1922). Local Sales Office Mgr.. C. A. Dunham Co., 302 Main St., and 1710 Madison St., La Crosse, Wis. DAVIDSON, Philip L. (Junior 1921), Sales Engr.. Carrier Eng. Corp., 176 Federal St., Boston, Mass. DAVIES, George W. (1918). Heat, and Vent. Engr.. G. W. Davies & Co., 79 McLaggan St., Dunedin. New Zealand. DAVIS, Arthur C. (1920), Mech. Engr., 73 Preston St.. Ridgefield Park, N. J. DAVIS, Benjamin H. (1923), 30 W. Lynwood Ave.. Glenside, Pa. DAVIS, Bert C. (1904), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) American Warming & Vent. Co., 317 Pennsylvania Ave., and 603 W. Church St., Elmira, N. Y. DAVIS, Frank R. (1920). Heat. & Vent. Engr.. Rm. 1000, 12th St. Station, Illinois Central Railroad, and 6125 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, 111. DAVIS, Holyoke (1919), (for mail) Holyoke. Jemne & Davis, Archts., 649 Endicott Bldg., and 591 Lincoln Ave., St. Paul, Minn. DAVIS, James H. (1899). (Board of Governors 1911), 816 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago. 111. DAVIS. Leo J. (1917), Supt. (for mail) John J. Davis & Sons. Inc., 2728 Baker St., Detroit, and Philbrick Ave., Redford, Mich. ' DAVIS, P. Lloyd (1912), Pres, and Treas., Davis- .Billings Corp., 92-20 150th St., and (for mail) 148-15 Hillside Ave., Jamaica, L. I., N. Y. DAVIS, Rowland G. (Associate 1921), Salesman, Spohn Heat. & Vent. Co., 1775 East 45th St.. Cleveland, and (for mail) 887 Nala View Rd., ' Cleveland Heights. O. DEALY, Victor F. (Junior 1924). H. B. Smith Co.. 17th and Arch Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa. DECKER, Edward M. (Associate 1917), (for mail) American Radiator Co., 400 Barium Bldg., and 197 Rhode Island Ave., Detroit, Mich. DECKMAN. Elmer M. (1921), Pres., Deckman Power Heat. Co., 2215 Woodiynne Ave., Wood- lynne, N. J. DEEX. Charles J. (1920). Secy, (for mail) Mount- Vapor Heat. Co., 1246 W. Fourth St., and 4364 Rockey River Dr., Cleveland. O. ' DECAN. James E. (Associate 1916), Pres, (for mail) J- E. Degan Co., 242-4 Lafned St., W.. and 2428 Blaine Ave., Detroit, Mich. DeNEILLE, J. Lawrence (1920), Contrg. Engr. (for mail) Eichler Heat. Co.. 2011 Railway . Exchange Bldg., St. Louis, and 733 Limit Ave.. University City, Mo. DENNIS, C. K. (Junior 1923), Standard Heater Co.. 20 Walnut St., Williamsport, Pa. DENSMORE, Edward D. (1906), Archt. and Engr., Densmore. LeClear & Robbins, Park Sq. Bldg., 31 St. James Ave., Boston, and 26 Down ing Rd., Brookline. Mass. * DENSON, Walter (1922). (for mail) 19 East Uth St., and 2205 St. Elmo Dr., Columbus. Ga. DERANLEAU, Raymond L. (Junior 1922) 914-18 Central Savings Bank Bldg., Denver, Colo. DEVENDORF, W. F. (1910), W. F. Devendorf & Co.. 112 Clinton Ave., S., and (for mail) 33 Audubon St.,- Rochester, N. Y. DEVEREUX, Leslie W. (Associate 1922). 5620 Grand Central Terminal, New York, N. Y. DEVORE, Milton J. (1920), Heat. Engr.. 54 Adelina PI- N. Bergen, N. J. DEWAR, John G. (1920), Dewar & Carrington. 153 N. Desplaines St., Chicago. III. DeWOLF, Roger D. (1915), Ch. Operating Engr. (for mail) Rochester Gas and Electric Corp., 34 Clinton Ave., N., and 15 Werner Park, Rochester, N. Y. DEXTER, MacD. (1924), P. O. Box 33. Columbus, Ga. . DIBBLE, Albert B. (Associate 1922), Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) S. E. Dibble & Son, Inc., 521-525 Grand Ave., P. O. Box 299, and 869 Elm St., New Haven, Conn. DIBBLE. Samuel E. (1917), (Council 1921-1924, 2nd Vice-Pres. 1922, 1st Vice- Pres. 1924), Con sulting Engr. and Prof. Heat and Vent.. Depts., Carnegie institute of Technology, and 3307 Parkview Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. DICKEY, Arthur J. (1921), Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., Ltd., 1523 41 Davenport Rd., and 93 Indian Rd., Toronto, Ont. DICKINSON, Dr. Hobart CL (1919), Ch. Heat, and Power Div- Bureau of Standards. Connecti cut Ave. and Pierce Mill Rd., and 4629 30th St.. N.W., Washington,-D..C. DICKSON, George P. (1919), Pres, (for mail) .Kansas City Vent. Co.. 1817 Grove St., and 3830 Park Ave., Kansas City. Mo. DICKSON, Robert B. (1919), Sales Mgr., Ke wanee Boiler Co., 409 E. Prospect St.. Kewanee, DIEBOLD, Chas. M. L. (1923), San. Inspt., Dept, of Health, 704 City Hall, and (for mail) 3454 Beach Ave., Chicago, III. DIEBOLT, Norman J. (Associate 1922), Secy., Diebolt & Sons, 11313 Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. DIGBY, Homer Evans (Junior 1922). Salesman (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. 910 May Bldg., and 220 Meridan St.. Pittsburgh, Pa. DILL, H. O. (Associate 1922), Gen. Sales Mgr. (for mail) Oil City Boiler Works, 501 Fifth Ave., and 243 Mt. Hope PI.. New York.. N. Y. DILL, Jay B. (1921), (Pres. Michigan Chapter) Sales Mgr. (for mail) American Blower Co.. 1450 David. Whitney Bldg., and 8771 Dexter Blvd., Detroit, Mich. DILLMAN, Earnest J. (1921), Engr. (for mail) Research Dept., American Radiator Co.. 1807 Elmwood Ave., and 1349 Hertel Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. DILLON, Henry R. (Associate 1923), Sales Mgr.. Utica Heater Co., 5620 Grand Central Terminal. New York. N. Y. - 12 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 DISTEL, Frank, Jr. (1918). (for mail) Distel Heat. . Equipt. Co.. 515 Oakland Bldg., and 1011 Genes- see St., W.. Lansing. Mich. DOBBS, C. E. (Associate 1921), Boiler & Radiator . Supply Co.. 110 Walnut St., Philadelphia. Pa. and (for mail) 72 Berlin Ave., Haddonfield, N. J. DOBSON, George G. (1922), Mech. Engr., East man Kodak Co., Kodak Park, and (for' mail) 166 Harding Rd:, Rochester. N. Y. DODD, Samuel M. (1921), Consulting Engr. (for mail) Hoffman Specialty Co.. Rm. 203 Fuller Bldg., 10 South 18th St., Philadelphia, and Swarthmore, Pa. DODDS, Forrest F. (1920), Asst, to Mgr. (for mail) American Radiator Co., 906 Davidson Bldg., and 3130 Central St.. Kansas City, Mo. DOERING, Frank L. (1919). Repr.. American Radiator Co.. 451 Rivermont Ave., Lynchburg, Va. DOHERTY, James (1917), Vice-Pres. (for mail)1 Utica Heater Co., 218 W. Kinzie St., and 2G00 Lake View Ave., Chicago. 111. DOHERTY, John J: (1921). (for mail) P. C. Doherty Co.. 112 Main St., and 135 Academy St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. DOLAN, Raymond G. (Junior 1922), Secy, and Treas. 614 W. Grand. Oklahoma City, Okla. DOME, Walter R. (1920), Mgr. Boiler Sales. Abram Cox Stove Co.. American and Dauphin Sts., and (for mail) 156 W. Hansbury St., Phila delphia, Pa. . DONAHUE, Edmund S. (Associate 1924). (for mail) American Radiator Co., 400 Barium Bldg., . and 45 Harmon Ave., Detroit. Mich. DONNELLY, James A.* (1904), (Treasurer 1912 1914), Donnelly Systems Co.. 9 Murray St.. New DONNELLY, John R. (1915). 905 Congress Ave., . Austin, Tex. DONNELLY, Russell (1923), Sales Engr.. Nash Eng. Co., 350 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. DONNELLY, Webster C. (Junior 1922). Economic Heat. Engr.. 34 Trumbull St., New Haven, ' Conn. ' DONOGHUE. James J. (Associate 1924) .Nation al Radiator Co., 47 West 42nd St;, New York, N. Y. DONOVAN, James E. (Junior 1923), Heat. Engr,, 24 Park Ave.. Port Chester, N. Y. DORNHEIM, G. A. (Junior 1906; 1912). Thompson-Starrett Co.. 245 Hunters Point Ave., Long Island City, and (for mail) 715 West 172nd St., New York, N. Y. DORSEY, Francis C. (1920). Heat.. Plbg. and Elect. Contr., Francis C. Dorsey, 110 Prospect Ave., Roland Park, Baltimore, Md. DOUD. Malcolm P. (Associate 1921), Estimator and Salesman, Norristown Magnesia & Asbestos Co., and (for mail) 226 Rutledge Ave.. Rutledge. Pa. DOUGHTY, Charles J. (1920), Suot. of Main tenance, Bd. of Education, 155 College St,, and (for mail) 44 Erindale Ave., Toronto, Ont. DOUGLASS, Thomas C. (1922). Thos. J. Doug lass & Co., 352 Whiting St., Chicago. 111. . DOWNE, Henry S. (1895), Vice-Pres. and Euro pean Director (for mail) American Radiator Co., 149 Boulevard Haussmann, and 28 Avenue d'Eylau, Paris. France. `' DOWNES, H. H. (1923). Salesman. American Blower Co., 2135 Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. DOWNES, Nate W. (1917). Engr. (for mail) School Dist. of Kansas City, 601 Finance Bldg., and 2119 East 68th St., Kansas City, Mo. DOWNEY, Frank E. (1921), Pres.. 613 Clybourn St., and (for mail) 1188 Prospect Ave., Mil waukee. Wis. DOWNS, Edwin L. (1916). United States Radiator Corp.. 135 E. Grand River Ave.. and (for mail) 10334 Second Blvd., Detroit, Mich. DOYLE, Christopher J. (Associate 1922), Heat., Contr. (for mail) S.E. 21st and Pine Sts., Phila delphia, Pa. ' . DOYLE, William J. (1920), Designing Engr., Williamson Heater Co., 5558 Marburg Ave.. Oakley, and (for mail) 5856 Yononte Ave.. Kennedy Heights, Station M., R. R. 10, Box 210, Cincinnati. O. DRAKE, George H. (1919). (for mail) 218 Lexing. ton Ave., and 353 Norwood Ave.; Buffalo. N. Y. DRIGGS, Leland L. (1918), Heat. Engr., Edward P. Bates Co.. Inc.. 228 W. Water St., and (for mail) 167 W. Lafayette Ave., Syracuse, N. Y. DRINKER, Philip (1922), Instr.. Ventilation and Illumination (for mail) Harvard School of Public Health, 55 van Dyke St., Boston, 17 and 18 Kilsyth Rd., Brookline; Mass. DRINKWATER, Edgar L. (1919). Mech. Engr., Hanley & Co., 3438 Giles Ave., and (for mail) 147 N. Long Ave., Chicago, 111. DRISCOLL, William H.* (1904), (Council 1918 1922, Treas. 1923.2nd Vice-Pres. 1924), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Thompson-Starrett Co.. 245 Hunters Point Ave., Long island City, N. Y., and 23 Boyd Ave.. Jersey City, N. J. DRUCE, John J. (1922), Vice-Pres. and Mgr.. McKeivey & Birch. Ltd., 69 Brock St., and (for mail) 770 Montreal St.. Kingston, Ont. DUBRY, Ernest (1924), Asst. Supt. of Central Heat, (for mail) Detroit Edison Co.. 2000 Second Ave.. and 5040 Ivanhoe Ave., Detroit. Mich. DUDFIELD, Alvin (1920): Pres., Dudfield Mfg. Co.. HO W. Kansas St., Liberty, Mo. DUDLEY, W. Lyle (1922). Vice-Pres. (for mail) Western Blower Co., 1800 Ninth Ave., S., and 2525 Second Ave., W., Seattle, Wash. DUFF, Kennedy (1915), Mgr.. Eastern Territory, (for mail) Johnson Service Co., 118 East 28th St.. New York, N. Y- and 9 Park Ave., Maplewood, N. J. DUGAN, Thomas M. (1920), Master Plumber (for'mail) National Tube Co., Fourth Ave. and Locust St.. McKeesport, and 311 Washington Ave., Dravosburg, Pa. DUNCAN, George M. (1922). Purdy. Mansell, Ltd.. 63 Albert St., Toronto, Ont. DUNCAN, George W., Jr. (1923). Consulting Mech. Engr. (for mail) Coddington & Duncan, 547 Phelan Bldg., San Francisco, and 2132 Derby St., Berkeley, Calif. DUNCAN, J. Ray (1923), Carrier Eng. Corp.. 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J. DUNCAN, John M. (1924), 32 Church St.. Toronto, Ont. DUNHAM, Clayton A. (1911). Pres., C. A. Dunham Co., 230 E. Ohio St., and (for mail) Box 94. Union League Club. Chicago, 111. * DUNLAP, Ralph L. (1917), Ch. Engr. and Gen. Supt. (for mail) J. H. Kitchen & Co., 1012 A. & R. Bldg., 1016 Baltimore Ave., and 5533 Holmes St.. Kansas City, Mo. ' DUNLAP, Walter G. (Associate 1924), H. B. Smith Co., 17th and Arch Sts., Philadelphia. Pa. DUQUEST, Asa M. (1923), Heat, and Vent. Engr. - (for mail) Ross-Chase Co..'263 Summer St., and 38 Gould St., Boston 32, Mass. DURAND, William L * (1921). Engr. (for mail) Clark, McMullen & Riley. 101 Park Ave., New York, and 242 Lafayette Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. DUSOSSOIT, Edmond A. (1920), (Secy- Massa chusetts Chapter) Treas. (for mail) Lynch & Woodward, Inc- 202 Harrison Ave- Boston, and 957 South St- Roslindale, Mass. . DWYER, Frank A. (1902). Consulting Engr- 447 Guy Park Ave- Amsterdam, N. Y. - DWYER, Jas. P,, Jr. (Junior 1915; 1919), Con sulting Engr., Little Bldg- 80 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. . DWYER. John V. (Associate 1922), Asst. Factory Mgr. (for mail) Peninsular Stove Co- Fort St- W., Detroit, and 372 Lakeland Ave- Grosse Pointe Village, Mich. DWYER, Thos. F. (1923). (for mail) Bd. of Educa tion, Concord St- and Flatbush Ave- Brooklyn, and 2693 Morris Ave.. New York, N. Y. DYER, Orville K. (1919), Sales Engr.. Buffalo Forge Co- 490 Broadway, Buffalo, N. Y. 13 Roll of Membership E EADIE, John G. (1909). Consulting Engr., Eadie. Freund & Campbell, 7 West 45th St., New York, N. Y. EAGAN, George A. (1917), Pres, (for mail) Eagan & Beahm, Inc., 304-306 Stephen Girard Bldg., Philadelphia. Pa., and 17 Newton Ave., Woodbury. N. J. . EAGAR, Robert F. (1922), Engr. (for mail) Eagar, Coombs & Co.. Ltd.. P. O. Box 904, Halifax, Nova Scotia. EASTER, Terrill J. (Associate 1919), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Automatic Gas-Steam Radiator Co.. Fulton Bldg., and 312 Si St. Clair St., Pitts burgh, Pa. EASTERBROOKS, Clifton C. (1922), Sales Engr. (for mail) Koithan & Pryor, 39 Cortlandt St., and 2735 Sedgewick Ave., New York, N. Y. EASTWOOD, Everett Owen (1921). Prof, (for mail) Univ. of Washington, and 4702 12th Ave.. N.E.. Seattle, Wash. EATON, Byron K. (Associate 1919; 1920). Ch. Engr.. Winslow Boiler & Eng. Co., 208 S. LaSalle St.. Chicago, (and for mail) 433 S. Grove Ave., Oak Park. III. EBERT, William A. (1920), Engr. and Estimator (for mail) P. O. Box 1280. and 1004 Drexel Ave., San Antonio. Tex. ' EBIN, Louis* (Junior 1924), Research Engr.. Research Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Mines, and 751 Bryn Mawr Rd., Pittsburgh. Pa. ECKARDT, Chas. A. T. (Associate 1924), Sales Engr.. The Whitlock Coil Pipe Co.. 726 Commer cial Trust Bldg., and 5822 Girard Ave., Philadel phia. Pa. - ECKART, Claude. H. (1915), Secy .-Treas. (for mail) Eckart Plbg. & Heat. Co'., 320 Westlake Ave- N- and R. F. D. No. 4 Box 263. Seattle, Wash. EDDY, Ernest J. (Associate 1919), Br. Mgr. (for mail) Keasbey & MattisonCo- 17 Terrace, and 175 Dorchester Rd., Buffalo. N. Y. EDELSTON, Samuel H. (Junior 1922). Heat. Engr. (for mail) W. L. Fleisher & Co- Inc., 31 Union Sq- W,, New York. N. Y- and 330 South 12th St- Newark, N. J. EDGAR, A. C. (Charter Member), (Council 1920), (for mail) Edgar Heat. Co- 1802 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, and Newton Sq., Delaware County, Pa. ' EDWARDS. C. H. (Associate 1924), R. M. Ed wards & Son. Canonsburg. Pa. EDWARDS, Daniel F. (1920), (for mail) D. F. Edwards Heat. Co- 2340-42 Pine St- and 3000 Victor St., St. Louis. Mo. EDWARDS, Paul A. (1919), Engr. and Estimator (for mail) The G. F. Higgins. Co- 606 Wabash Bldg- and 1260 Mississippi Ave- S. Hills P. OPittsburgh. Pa. EGGLESTON, Lewis W. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) American Radiator Co- 1807 Elmwood Ave., Buffaio, and Harris Hill Rd- Williamsville, N. Y EHRLICH, M. William (1916), Br. Mgr., Trane Co- Rm. 2332 Park Row Bldg- 15 Park Row, New York, N. Y- and (for mail) 56 Ridge RdLyndhurst, N. J. EICHER, Hubert C. (1922). Directoi, Bureau of School Bldgs- Dept, of Public Instruction, State Capitol, and (for mail) 103 South St- Harrisburg, Pa. EICHLER, Alvin (1919). Heat. Contr. (for mail) Eichler Heating Co- 2011 Railway Exchange Bldg- and 5449 Enright Ave- St. Louis, Mo. EISERT, Hermann* (1920). Consulting Engr. (for mail) 11 E. Lexington St- and 4007 Bateman Ave- Baltimore, Md. ELLIOTT, A. Douglass (1918), Elec, and Heat. Engr. (for mai!) Charles L. Pillsbury Co- 1200 Second Ave- S- Minneapolis, and 1710-Capitol Ave- St. Paul. Minn. ELLIS, Earnest E. (1922). Mgr. (for mail) Fred A. Ellis & Son. 840 Center St., and 998 Chatfield StWinnetka. 111. ELLIS, Frederick E. (1923). Taylor Forbes Co- Ltd.. 1088 King St., Toronto. Ont. . ELLIS, Frederic R. (1913), Mgr. Heat. & Vent, Depts . B. F. Sturtevant Co- 131 Beacon StHyde.Park, Boston. Mass. ELLIS, Harry W. (Associate 1909; 1923), Pres, and Gen. Mgr., Johnson Service Co- 149 Michi gan St- Milwaukee, Wis. ELLIS, John Edwin (Associate 1921), (for mail) U. S: Radiator Corp- 1412 West 12th St- and 3030 Oak St- Kansas City. Mo. ELLIS, Walter C. (Associate 1923), Mech. Engr- H. L. Stevens & Co- 30 N. Michigan* Ave . Chicago, and (for mail) 105 S. Kensington Ave- La Grange, III. ' ELLISON. J. Huyler (1919). Secy- Ellison & Co lne- 211 West 126th St- New York, and (for mail) 41 Wallace St- Freeport, N. Y. . EMERICK, Stanley H. (Junior 1923). Mech. Engr.. Louis Kamper, Archt- 3729 Cass Ave- and (for mail) 5471 15th St., Detroit. Mich. EMERSON. Ralph R. (1922), Sales Engr. (for mail) Hoffman Specialty Co- 512 Fifth Ave., New York, and 660 59th St- Brooklyn. N. Y. EMERY, Wm. D. (1923). Pres, (for mai!) Blest & Emery Co- 784 Coney Island Ave- and 496 Argyle Rd- Brooklyn, N. Y. 1 EMMERT, Luther D. (1919). Repr. (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co- 562 W. Washington Blvd- Chicago. and 1704 Hinman Ave- Evanston, 111. EMPKEY, George J. (1919). Secy, (for mail) The Schneider Plbg. Co- 4420 Euclid Ave- and 9812 N. Blvd- Cleveland. O. EMSWILER, John E.* (1917). Prof, of Mech. Eng- Univ. of Mich- 231 Eng. Bldg- Ann Arbor. Mich. ' ENGLE, Alfred (Associate 1923), Salesman, Jenkins Bros- 80 White St- and 72 East 190th St- New York, N. Y. ENGLE, Harris J. (Associate 1922; 1923). Heat. Engr- 248 East 34th St- New York. N. Y. ENSIGN, Ralph M. (1917). Pres- R: M. Ensign Co- 1704-64 W. Randolph St- and (for mail) 1062 Ainslie St- Chicago, III. ERICKSON, Harry A. (1917), Mgr. and Engr. (for mail) Fitzpatrick & Hoepfner Co- 63 E. Gay St- and 139 Wilbur Ave- Columbus, O. ERTMAN, Bernard R. (1920). Heat. Engr. and Mgr- A. F. Ertman, 309 N. Main St- Herkimer. N. Y. ERWIN, J. P. (Junior 1923), Ch. Engr., Colorado Hospital & Sanitarium, and (for mail), 402 Maxwell Ave- Boulder. Colo. EVANS, C. A. (1919). 218 Lexington Ave- Buffalo. N. Y. EVANS, Charles E. (1919). Sales Engr., Gallaher & Speck. 219 W. Congress St- and 3834 Roscoe St., Chicago, 111. EVANS, Edwin C. (1919). Mgr. (for mail) Ameri can Blower Co- 2136 Oliver Bldg- and 2793 Bergman St- Corless Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. EVANS, John (1919), Archt. (for mail) 30 Water St- and 15 Ball Ave- Galt, Ont. ' . EVANS, Raymond S. (Junior 1920), Experi mental Engr- 3822 Washington Blvd- Chicago. 111. EVANS, William A. (1918), Dealer in Hot Water Equipt- 149 Broadway, New York; N. Y- and 24 Woodland Rd- Maplewood, N. j. EVELETH, Charles F.* (1911). Ch. Engr. Heat. & Vent, (for mail) Warren Webster & Co- 17th and Federal Sts- Camden, and Woodbury, N. J. EWING, Ira C. (Associate 1920). Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Heat. Supply Co- 34 E. Lacock St- Pittsburgh, and 511 Jeannette St- Wilkinsburg. Pa. F FALVEY, John D. (1922). Sales Engr. (for mail) Hester-Bradley Co- 4200 Forest Park Blvd- and 5762a McPherson Ave- St. Louis, Mo. FARLEY, J. W. (Associate 1921). Mgr- Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co- 3748 East 71st St- Cleve land. O. . FARNHAM, George D. (1907). Geo. D. Faraham & Co- 1630 Lakeland Ave- Cleveland. O. American Societv of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 FARNHAM, Roswell (1920), (Secy. Western New FLINT, Coll T. (1919), Boston Mgr. (for mail) York Chapter) Dist. Sales Engr. (for mail) H. B. Smith Co- 640 Main St- Cambridge, and Buffalo Forge Co- 490 Broadway, and 28 St. James PI- Buffalo, N. Y. FARNSWORTH, F. C. (1919). Pres, (for mail) 56 Brantwood Rd- Arlington, Mass. FOGG. Oscar H. (1914). Baltimore Gas Appliance & Mfg. Co- Bayard and Hamburg Sts- Balti Farnsworth Co- Conshohocken, and German town Pike and Centre Sq. Rd- Norristown, Pa. more. Md. . FOISY, George A. (1923), Designing Engr- U. S. FARRAR, Cecil W. (Associate 1918; 1920). Vice- Cartridge Co- Lawrence St- Lowell. Mass. Pres. (for mail) Excelso Specialty Works, Inc., FOLEY, Wm. J. (Associate 1923), Mgr. and Engr., 119 Clinton St- and 429 Norwood Ave- Buffalo. Wm. J. Foley Heat. Service Co- 230 15th St- N. Y. FEBREY. Ernest J. (1903). (for mai!) E. J. Febrey Denver, Colo. FOOTE, Moses L. (1909), (for mail) 705 Rose & Co- 616 New York Ave- N.W., and 1610 Riggs Bldg- and 2225 Cummington Rd- Cleveland, O. PI- N.W., Washington, D. C. FORFAR,. Donald M. (1917), Mech. Engr. (for FEEHAN, J. B. (1923). John B. Feehan, Inc- 471 mail) Croft & Boerner, Inc- 1004 Marquette Union St- Lynn, Mass. Ave- and 3345 Harriet Ave- Minneapolis, Minn. FEHLIG, John B. (1918). Pres, and Treas. (for FORGAN. Donald M. (Associate 1923), Mgr. mail) Excelsior Heat. Supply Co- 528 Delaware (for mail) American Radiator Co- 4201 Duncan St- and 2927 Brooklyn Ave.. Kansas City. Mo. Ave- and N. Denny Rd- St. Louis. Mo. FEIGE, Henry W. (1922). Sales Mgr. (for mail) FORGEE. Frederick A. (1919). Consulting Engr. Powers Regulator Co- 1206 Colonial Trust Bldg- (for mail) 141 East 29th St- New York. N. Y- Phiiadelphia. Pa- and Oaklyn. N. J. FELDMAN, Abram M.* (1903). Consulting Engr., and Ridgewood. N. J. FORSBERG. William (1919). Secy, (for mail) 145 West 45th St- New York, N. Y. Hopson & Chapin Mfg. Co- 231 State St- New FELS, Arthur B. (1919). Pres, (for mail) The Fels London, and Quaker Hill, Conn. Co- 60 Union St- Portland, and Box 33, Yai mouth. Me. FOSTER, Charles (1923)-, Consulting Engr. (for mail) 512 Sellwood Bldg, .and 2418 E. Third St- FELTWELL, Robert Hall (1922), Heat. Engr- Duluth, Minn. ' Dist. Mgr- D. & T. Mfg. Co- St. Louis. Mo., .FOSTER, James M. (Associate 1920), Dist. Mgr. and (for mail) 1040 S. Frazier St- Philadelphia, (for mail) Ilg Electric Ventilating Co- 1421 Pa. FENSTERMAKER, Sidney E. (1909), (for mail) Syndicate Trust Bldg- and 7021 Lindell BlvdSt. Louis, Mo. Weinshank & Fenstermaker. 821 Hume-Mansur FOSTER, WUUam M. (Associate 1914). (for Bldg- and 3102 Washington Blvd- Indianapolis, mail) Liggett-DolLFoster Co- 16508 Woodward Ind. FERRIS. Donald M. (1921). Engr., Ford Motor Co., Dept, of Power and Construction, and (for Ave- Highland Park, Mich. FOUILHOUX, J. Andre (1915), R. M. Hood & J. A. Fouilhoux. 40 West 40th St- New York. mail) 11636 Woodward Ave- Detroit, Mich. N. Y- and (for mail) West Rd- Short Hills, N. J. FERRIS, Donald M. (1921). Ford Motor Co- FOULDS. Powys A. L. (1916), Mech. Engr. (for ` Dept, of Power and Construction, and (for mail) mai!) Hollis French & A. Hubbard, 210 South 11636 Woodward Ave- Detroit, Mich. St- Boston, and 854 N. Shore Rd- Revere, Mass. FEST, LeonT. (1919), Salesman. Pierce. Butler & FRANCIS, Isaac H. (1907), Consulting Engr. Pierce Mfg. Corp- 31st and Oxford Sts- and (for (for mail) 1520 Locust St- Bonbright Bldg- mail) 4722 North 15th St.. Philadelphia. Pa. Philadelphia. and Devon, Pa. FIELDING, Howard H. (1904). (Council 1918 FRANCIS, William C. (1919). Mgr. Steam Dept- 1919) Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Warren W. G. Cornell Co- and (for mail) 3314 N. Smed- Webster & Co- 1226-1228 California St- and ley St- Philadelphia, Pa. . 1515 E. Ninth Ave- Denver. Colo. FINAN, James J. (Associate 1920), Mfgs. Agent, FRANK, George W. (1919). Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Frank & Miller, 77-79 Best St- and 136 3930 Jackson Ave- El Paso. Tex. High St- Buffalo. N. Y. FINAN, 'James J., Sr. (1923), 7149 Euclid Ave- FRANK, John M. (Associate 1912; 1918). Vice- Chicago, 111. . Pres- Ilg Electric Vent. Co- 2850 N. Crawford FIRESTONE, James F. (Junior 1914). Engr., Ave.. Chicago and (for mail) 1152 Chatfield Rd- Beckwith Co- Dowagic. Mich. Hubbard Woods. 111. FIRSCHINC, Frank J. (1921). Heat. Engr. (for . FRANK, Olive E. (1919), Sales Mgr. (for mail) mail) Warren Webster & Co- 917 Empire Bldg- Alberger Heater Co- 281 Chicago St- Buffalo. Pittsburgh, and 2731 N. Dover St- Philadelphia. N. Y. Pa. FISHER, H. J. (Associate 1923), Dist. Sales Mgr., FRANKLIN, Ralph S. 11919), Pres, and Treas.. (for mail) Albert B. Franklin, Inc- 25 Haverhill Reliance Elec, and Eng. Co- 9501 Wade Park St- Boston, and 320 Grove St- Melrose, Mass. Ave.. Cleveland. O. FRANZHEIM, Geo. W. (1924), Pres! and Gen. F1SKE, T. Dumars (1922). (for mail) Mont Mgr., Universal Smokeless Boiler Co- Ravenna. gomery, Ward & Co- St. John and Belmont Stsand 2917 East 67th St- Kansas City, Mo. O. FRASER, William C. (1916), Vice-Pres. (for FITTS, Charles D. (1920), Salesman (for mail) mail) power Efficiency Corp- 619 White Bldg- American Radiator Co- 915 Metropolitan Life Bldg- and 2807 Dean Blvd- Minneapolis, Minn. FITZ, Geo. L. (Associate 1924), Alberger Heat. Co. and Howard Iron Works, 200 Fifth Ave.. New York. N. Y. FLEISHER, Walter L.* (1914). Pres, (for mail) W. L. Fleisher & Co- Inc., 31 Union Sq- W- and 126 Waverly PI., New York, N. Y. FLEMING, James P. (1923), Engr.-Custodian (for mail) Bd. of Education, 1410 N. Rockwell and 1515 Amherst St- Buffalo, N. Y. FREDERICK, Laurence M. (1919), 124 West 93rd St- New York. N. Y. FRENCH, Bascom P. (Junior 1915), Olney Plbg.- & Heat. Co- 106 W. Main St.. Olney. 111. FRIDAY, Leslie M. (Associate 1923). Utica Heater Co- 707 Union Bldg- Cleveland. O. FRIEDMAN, Abraham (1922), Heat. Engr. and Contr.. 101 W. Hayes Ave- Corona, L. I- N. Y. St- and 4035 N. Keystone Ave- Chicago, III. FLEMING. Thomas C. (1919), 5239 North 15th FRIEDMAN, Ferdinand J. (1921).- Mech. Engr. (for mail) McDougall, Pease & Friedman. 85 St- Philadelphia, Pa. - Osborne St- and 670 Sherbrooke St- W- FLETCHER, Saxton W. (1923), Sales Engr. (for Montreal, Que. mail) J. O. Ross Eng. Co- 30 East 42nd St- New' FROST. Robinson V.* (1921). (Secy. Philadelphia York*, and 67 S. Broadway, White Plains. N. Y. Chapter) Engr., P. Gormly Co- 155 North 10th FLETT, Henry R. (Associate 1915; 1915), Mgr., St- Philadelphia, and (for mail) 828 W. Marshall Taylor-Forbes Co- Ltd- 1088 King St- W- Toronto. Ont. ' St.. Norristown, Pa. FRUTCHY, Asel E. (Junior 1920). Vice-Pres. (for FLINK. Carl H. (1923), American Radiator Co- mail) Frutchv Barnes Co- Inc., 104 W. Second 1807 Elmwood Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. St- and 414 Walnut St., Elmira. N. Y. 15 Roll of Membership FRY, John D. (Junior 1924), McDougall, Pease & Friedman. 85 Osborne St., Montreal, Que. FRYER, Frederick G. (1918), Director, Rowntree & Co., Ltd., York, England. ' FULLER, Charles A* (1913), (Council 1917) Consulting Engr. (for mail) 347 Fifth Ave., New York, and 501 E. Fifth St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. FULLER, J. Lansing (Associate 1916), Western Sales Mgr. (for mail) Hart & Crouse Co.. 315 E. Adams Ave., and 1745 Chicago Blvd.. Detroit, Mich. FULLER. Robert K. (1923), Archt. and Engr. (for mail) 310 Foster Bldg., and 627 Corona St., Denver. Colo. . FULTON, Walter J. (1924), Sales Mgr. (for mail) Central Steam Heat Div., 54 King St., and Fawuct Ave., Winnioeg. Man. FURMAN, Conrad W. (1915), Salesman and Engr., Camiron & Barkley Co., 338 E. Bay St., and Box 871, Route 5 R. F. D., Jacksonville, Ha. FURMAN, J. R. (1919). Mech. Engr., 1417 Rail way Exchange, and (for mail) 5484 University Ave., Chicago. 111. GETSCHOW, Geo. M. (1906). Phillips-Getschow Co.. 130 W. Kinzie St.. Chicago, III. GETSCHOW, Roy M. (1919). Secy, and Heat, and Vent. Engr., Phillips-Getschow Co.. 130 W. Kinzie St., and 4517 Beacon St., Chicago. 111. GIBBONS. M. J., Jr. (1914), Secy, (for mail) M. J. Gibbons Supply Co.. 601 E. Monument Ave.. and 22 Oxford Ave., Dayton. O. GIBBS, Edward W. (1919), Secy, and Treas. (for mail) The Smith-Gibbs Co.. US. Main St., and 61 President Ave., Providence. R. I. GIBBS, Frank C. (1921). Secy, (for mail). ColbyMerrill Co., 1121 Nicholas Bldg., and 1937 Car rollton Ave., Toledo, O. GIBBS, Harold E. (1920), Specialty Sales Co.. 1550 Main St., and (for mail) 443 Richmond Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. GIBSON, John H. (1921), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Whitlock Coil Pipe Co., 726 Commercial Trust Bldg.. Philadelphia, and Merion, Pa. GIESECKE, F. E* (1913), Prof, of Architectural Eng.. Station A, Urbana. 111. GIFFORD, Robert L. (1908), Pres.. Illinois Engineering Co.. Chicago. III., and (for mail) 1231 S. El Molino Ave.. Pasadena. Calif. G GIGUERE, Geo. H. (1920), Mech. Engr., c/o GALE, Thomas J. C. (Associate 1920; 1921), (Secy.. St. Louis Chapter), Heat, and Piping # Contr., 324 Oddfellow Bldg., and (for mail) State Archt., and (for mail) 623 Fountain St., Ann Arbor, Mich. GILBERT, Maxwell F. (Associate 1915), Mgr. (for mail) Richardson & Boynton Co.. 1308 Arch 4023 Shaw Ave., St. Louis. Mo. GALLAHER, James E. (Junior 1923), Engr. (for mail) Air Conditioning & Eng. Co.. 2914 S. St., and Hotel Pennsylvania. 39th and. Chestnut ' Sts., Philadelphia. Pa. GILES, Edward H. (1919). Mgr. (for mail) Pierce. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, and 2307 Bellevue Ave., Webster Groves. Mo. GALLIGAN, Andrew B. (1921). Mgr. (for mail) Galligan Bros.. 716-18 South 51st St., and 5231 Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp., 31st and Oxford Sts., and Stoneleigh Court Apts., 46th and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia. Pa. GILLETT, Merriraan C. (1916), Plant Mgr. (for Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. GALLIGAN, John H. (1923), Haynes Selling Co.. 1711 Sansom St., and (for mail) 1930 South 56th St., Philadelphia. Pa. . mail) Standard Heater Co., Walnut St.. WiUamsport, and 6600 Rising Sun Ave., Philadelphia. Pa. GILLHAM, Walter E.* (1917), (Council 1924) GANNON, James E. (1918), Pres., Gannon & Consulting Engr. (for mail) 409 Interstate Bldg., Carey Co., 903 Parade St., Erie, Pa. GANT, H. P. (1915). (Council 1918; 2nd Vice- and 3427 Bellfontain, Kansas City. Mo. GILLING. William F., Jr. (Associate 1919). Pres., 1921; 1st Vice-Pres- 1922; Pres.. 1923; Asst. Mgr.. American Radiator Co.. 129 Federal Council. 1924), Lewis. Robinson & Gant, Land St.. Boston, and (for mail) 29 Abbott Rd- Title Bldg.. Philadelphia, Pa. . - Wellesley Hills. Mass. GARDNER, S. Franklin (1911), (for mail) GILMORE, Frank P. (1923). Sales Engr.. Peerless Standard Eng. Co.. 2129 Eye St.. N.W.. and Unit Ventilation Co.. 100 Boylston, Boston, 3805 Kanawha St., Washington, D. C. GARDNER, W., Jr. (Associate 1921), Sales Mgr. Mass. GILMORE, R. E. (1923), Mech. Engr. (for mail) (for mail) Garden City Fan Co.. 1842 McCor . c/o Schmidt. Garden & Martin, 104 S. Michigan mick Bldg., and 7836 Loomis St.. Chicago, III. GAUSMAN, C. E. (1923), Magney & Tusler, 126 Ave.. and 3917 Rokeby St., Chicago. III. GLASSEY, J. Wilbur (1922). Mgr. (for mail) S. Ninth St., Minneapolis, and (for mail) 748 Vapor Heating Co.. 215 South 17th St., and Margaret St., St. Paul. Minn. Wyndmoor, Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia. Pa. GAWTHROP, Fred. H. (1919), Pres.-Treas. (for GLEASON, Gilbert II. (1923). 25 Huntington mail) Gawthrop & Bro. Co.. 705 Orange St., and 1110 Shallcross Ave.. Wilmington, Del. GAYLOR, William S. (1919). Heat, and Vent. Engr., Starrett & Van Vleck, 8 West 40th St.. New York, and (for mail) 42 Mayhew Ave.. Larchmont, N. Y. GAYLORD, Frank H. (1921), Northwestern Repr., Hoffman Specialty Co., and (for mail) Hastings Hotel. Minneapolis, Minn. GEDNEY, Kenneth H. (1923), Archt. and Engr. (for mail) K. H. Gedney Co.. Kipp Bldg., and No. 3 Park Court, Hastings, Nebr. GEIGER, Irvin H. (1923). Rm. 311. Common wealth Bldg., 212-14 N. Third St.. Harrisburg, Pa. . . Ave.. Boston, and 43 Clyde St., Newtonville, Mass. GLORE, Evins F.* (Associate 1916), Treas. and Sales Mgr.. Abram Cox Stove Co., American and Dauphin Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., and (for mail) 715 Riverside Dr., New York, N, Y. GODFREY, Foskett H. (1921). Mgr. (for mail) General Boilers Co.. 2021 L. C. Smith Bldg., and ; College Club. Seattle, Wash.' GOINS, Edgar H. (1920). Asst. Dist. Mgr.. Warren Webster & Co.. East 17th St., and Superior Ave., and 850 East 128th St., Cleve land, O. GOLDBERG, Harry M. (Junior 1923), John J. Nesbitt, Inc., 48 East 41st St.. New York. N. Y. GEISER, Harry (1911), Pres, (for mail) Theodore Geiser & Sons, Inc.. 248 Plane-St., Newark, and 51 Stockton PI., East Orange. N. J. GOLDSTEIN, A. M. (1923). (for mail) Federa Heat. Co.. 310 13th St., N.W., and 425 Irving St.. N.W., Washington, D. C. GEISLER, F. E. (1920). Mgr. (for mail) F. E. Geisler & Co., 422 First Ave., and Saybrook GOLDSCHMIDT, Otto E. (1915). Consulting Engr., 116 West 39th St.. New York, N. Y. Apts.. Pittsburgh. Pa. GOMBERS, Harry B. (Associate 1901), Secy, (for GEMENY, William J. (1919), Pres, (for mail) mail) Heat, and Piping Contrs. National Assn.. W. J. Gemeny Co., 2528 W. Madison St., and 50 Union Sq., New York, N. Y., and 160 Halsted 7601 Normal St. Chicago. 111. - St.. East Orange. N. J. GERRISH, Harry E. (1910), (Council 1919) Pres. GOMERSALL, William H. (Associate 1921). (for mail) Morgan-Gerrish Co., 800-6 LaSalle Sales Engr.. Sherman Eng. Co., 254 South 15th Ave., and 4534 S. Freemont Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. - St., and 7500 Limekiln Pike, Mt. Airy, Philadel phia. Pa. 16 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 GOOD, Macy S. (1921), Mgr., Chicago Territory C. A. Dunham Co., Rm. 606.230 E. Ohio St., and 6360 Greenwood Ave.. Chicago. III. GOODNOW, Wallace F. (1912). Spec. Repr. (for mail) Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp.. 41 East 42nd St., and 261 West 11th St.. New York. N. Y. COODRICH, Charles F. (1919). Andrews & Goodrich, Inc., 88 Broad St., Boston, Mass. GOODWIN, Samuel L. (1924). Consulting Engr.. Heat; and Vent., T. W. Lamb, 644 Eighth Ave.. New York. N. Y., and (for mail) 247 Madison ' Ave.. Hasbrouck Heights, N. J. GORDON, Edward B., Jr. (1908). Chas. L. Pillsbury Co-, Capital National Bank Bldg.. St. Paul, and (for mail) 3215 Girard Ave.. S., Min neapolis. Minn. GORDON, Edward G. U923). Robert Gordon. Inc., 1355 W. Washington Blvd.. and (for mail) 1621 Lunt Ave.. Chicago. 111. GORMLY, John* (Charter Member--Honorary Member). (Council 1899; Board of Governors 1900-1903; 1st Vice-Pres. 1904; Pres. 1906). 410 E. Marshall St., Norristown. Pa. GORMLY, P. (1919). R. D. No. 5. Norristown. Pa. GORNSTON, Michael H. (Associate 1923). P. S. 109. Dumont Ave.. and Powell St., and (for mail) 251 Crescent St.. Brooklyn, N. Y. GORTON, G. H. (Associate 1924), W. B. Young Supply Co., 208 Delaware St.. Kansas City. Mo. GORTNER. John W. (1919), Heat., Vent, and Sanitary Plumber (for mail) A. W. Gortner and Son. 318 Sunbury St., and 42 -N. Sixth St., Shamokin. Pa. ' GOSS, Mathew H. (1921). Estimator and Engr.. The Brown Co.. 1053 Baltimore Ave.. W., and (for mail) 3502 Field Ave.. Detroit, Mich. . GOSSETT, Earl J. (1923), (for mail) Bell & Gossett Co.. 117 N. Dearborn St... and 6719 Newgard Ave., Chicago, 111. GOTTWALD, C. (Associate 1916). Pres, (for mail) Ric-Wil Co.. Union Trust Bldg.. Cleveland. O. GRAEFF. Richard J. (1920). Pres, (for mail) R. J. Graeff. Inc.. 1048 Beaubien St., and 1926 Euclid Ave.. W.. Apt. 6-A. Detroit. Mich. GRAHAM, Edwin H. (Associate 1924). (for main Mgr., Crane Co., 1328 West 12th St., and 5410 State Line Rd.. Kansas City, Mo. GRAHAM, Wm. D. (Junior 1923), (for mail) W. D. Graham Co.. 29 Halsted St., and 421 Melville St.. Rochester. N. Y. CRASSLER, Edmund (Associate 1919). (for mail) Grassier & Gezelschap, 214 Third St., and 750 Summit Ave.. Milwaukee, Wis. GRAVES, Ralph E. (Associate 1923). Factory Repr. (for mail) The Fulton Co., 1014 Holland Bldg.. St. Louis, and Brentwood, Mo. GRAVES, Willard B. (1906), Pres, (for mail) W. B. Graves Heating Co., 162 N. Desplaines St., Chicago and 254 Edgewood Pi., River Forest. 111. GRAY, George A. (1924). (for mail) C. A. Dun- ham'Co- Ltd.. 205 Roy Bldg., and 3 Chestnut St., Halifax, N. S. GRAY. William E. (1922). Sales Engr. (for mail) Standard Dry Kiln Co., 1550 McCarty St., and 3249 N. Capitol Ave.. Indianapolis, Ind. GREASON, David R. (Associate 1924). 32 La Salle St.. New York, N. Y. GREBE, Henry W. (1919), Pres, (for mail) Central Asbestos & Magnesia Co.. 214 W. Grand Ave., and 2560 Wilson Ave., Chicago, III. GREEN, Charles E. (1924), Midwest Air Filters, Inc., 100 East 45th St., New York. N. Y. GREEN, William C. (1906). Warren Webster Co.. 310 Provident Bank Bldg., Cincinnati. O. GREENE, Walter C. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) W. C. Greene Co.. 1629 Union Trust Bldg- Cleve land. and 2400 Dennington Dr.. Cleveland Heights, O. GRETZINGER, Franklin (1919). Mech. Engr.. Land Title Bldg., and (for mail) 2124 North 17th St- Philadelphia. Pa. GRIER, William (1908), P. O. Box 75, Cincinnati. O. GRIFFIN, Frank A.. Jr. (1917), (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co- 2030 Walnut St- and 3930 S. Benton St- Kansas City-, Mo. - . , GRIFFIN, John J. (1921). Pres, (for mail) Inter national Eng. & Supply Co- Suite 609-11 Tower Bldg- Sixth and Olive Sts- and 3662 Humphrey St- St. Louis. Mo. GRIFFIN, Porter C. (1923). Hutton Bros. Co- 9 Union St- and (for mail) 151 Oak St- Winsted, Conn. GRIFFIN, W. H. (1922). Pres, (for mail) Griffin. Lamping & MacLachlan, 5429 N. Madison St and 5446 Jackson Blvd- Chicago. 111. GRIFFITH, Morgan R. (Associate 1922). Cana dian Blower & Forge Co- 186 King St- Toronto. Ont. GRILL. Guido E. (Junior 1922). Designer (for mail) Clark. McMullen & Riley. 101 Park AveNew York, and 90 Alter Ave- Dongan Hills. Staten Island, N. Y. . ' GROOM, Stanley L. (1920), Managing Director. Buffalo Forge Co- Ltd- 24 Buckingham Gate, and (for mail) Homestead Thrale Rd- Streatham, London. England. GROS CLAUDE, Frederick W. (1911). Dist. Mgr. (for mail) American Warm. & Vent. Co1869 East 55th St- and 3323 E. Monmouth Rd- Cleveland, O. , ... . GROSCUP, William F. (1923). (for mail) c/o The Groscup Co- Inc- 2549 St. Paul and 26th St and 3409 Springdale Ave- Baltimore. Md. GROSSMAN, Howard M. (1922). Dist. Mgr- Burnham Boiler Corp- and (for mail) 634 Race Ave- Lancaster, Pa. CROSVOLD, Fred E. (1917), Plbg. and Heat, (for mail) 319 S. Farwell St- and 603 Mam St., Eau Claire, Wis. GROTZ, Arthur B. (1921). Treas- Patterson Kelly Co- 101 Park Ave- New York, and (for mail) 17 Cambridge PI- Brooklyn. N. Y. GRUMBEIN, Irwin F.* (1915). Pres, (for mail) National Heat. & Vent. Co- 736 Drexel Bldg- Philadelphia, and Lebanon. Pa. GUEST, Peyton L. (1921). Pres- Smith & Guest, 19 Houston St- and (for mail) 247 McLinden St- Atlanta. Ga. GUNNARSON, Charles R. (Junior 1923). Warren & Wetmore. 16 East 47th St- New York. N. Y. GUNTON, WiiUam (1923). c/o R. J. Schwab & Son Co- 283 Clinton St- and (for mail) 1032 47th St.. Milwaukee. Wis. GUSTAFSON. T. E. (Junior 1923). U. S. Radiator Corp., 500 N. Dearborn St., Chicago. III. HAAS, Samuel L. (1923), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Advance Heat. Co- 117-119 N. Desplaines St- and 1513 Fargo Ave- Chicago. 111. HAAS. William (1915). Pres, and Treas. (for mail) The William Haas Co- 429 E. Third St and 1632 S. Wayne Ave.\ Dayton. O. HACKETT, Charles P. (Associate 1921), Br. Mgr. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp.. Cunard Bldg.. 220 South 16th St.. Philadelphia, and 61 W. Eagle Rd- Oakmont. Pa. HACKETT, H. Berkeley (1921). Mech. and Con sulting Engr. (for mail) 505 Chestnut St- Phila delphia. Pa. HACKNEY, Henry (Associate 1919). Contr. and Engr- 34 W. Fifth St- and 1541 E. Seventh St., Charlotte. N. C. . _ .. ,, . HADEN, George N. (Junior 1922), G. N. Haden & Sons. Ltd- Silver St.. Trowbridge. England. HADEN, William N. (1902). G. N. Haden & Sons, Ltd- Silver St- Trowbridge. England. HADESTY, Alfred L., Jr. (1921), 130 E. Broad St- Tamaqua. Pa. _ HAGEDON, Charles H. (1919). Ch. Eqgr- Weinshank & Fenstermaker. 821 Hume-Mansur Bldg- and (for mail) 4156 Broadway Indian apolis, Ind. HAINES. John J. (1915), Vice-Pres. and Secy- 17 Ron. or Membership HAIRE. Charles S. (1020), Axcht. (for mail) Link & Haire. 609 Power Bldg., and 528 Power St., Helena, Mont. HALE, Frank M. (Associate 1923), Chandler Pump & Supply Co., 931 W, Eighth St., Kansas City. Mo. HALE, John F.* (1902), (Board of Governors 1908; 1910; 1st Vice-Pres. 1912; Pres. 1913; Council 1914), Pres., Atmospheric Conditioning Corp- 920 Lafayette Bldg..- Philadelphia. Pa. HALEY, Harry S-* (1914), Consulting Engr. (for mail) Leland & Haley, 58 Sutter St., and 735 21st Ave.. San Francisco, Calif. HALLER, Arthur L. (1920), Engr. (for mail) Hunt Heat. Co- 1515 Oliver St., St. Louis, and 530 Yeatman Ave., Webster Groves, Mo. HALLETT, Edwin S * (1918), (Council 19211923J, Cb. Engr, (for mail) Board of Education, Bd. of Education Bldg., and 5156 Cabanne Ave.. St. Louis. Mo. HALLEY, Wilson H. (Junior 1923), Designer and Engr. (for mail) Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co.. 4519-25 N. Euclid Ave., and 6134 W. Park Ave., St. Louis. Mo. HAMILTON, Henry, Jr.* (Associate 1922), New York Mgr., Ozone Pure Airifier Co., 1455-57 W. Congress St.. Chicago, 111. HAMJY, Paul W. (1924). Heat, and Vent. Contr. (for mail) 611 Mohawk St., and 606 Kossuth Ave.. Utica. N. Y. HAMLET, Francis A. (1922). Draftsman and Estimator. W. J, Evans. Heat. Contr., 4 Park Ave., and (for mail) 794 Shuter St., Montreal. Que. HAMLET, Thomas F. (1920). Sales Engr., Darling Bros., Ltd., 120 Prince St., and (lor mail) 34 Burton Ave.. Westmount, Montreal. Que. HAMLIN, Harry A. (Associate 1916), Mgr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co.. 42 Montcalm St.. W.. Detroit, and 120 Winona Ave., Highland Park. Mich. HAMMER, H. M. (1920). Economy Steam Spe cialty Co., 608 Fullerton Bldg., and 4411 Clarence Ave., St. Louis. Mo. HANES, J. W. E. (Junior 1922). Designer (for mail) 807 Farmers & Merchants Bldg., and 337 Carrol Park W., Long Beach. Calif. HANKIN, Richard (1898) Vice-Pres.. John Hankin & Bros.. 228 Cherry St., New York. N. Y. HANLEY, John H., Jr. (1923) c/o Reed Eng. Co., 816 Rugby Rd., Brooklyn, N. Y. HARRIS, Emery E. (1916). Vice-Pres. (for mail) Pittelkow Heat, and Eng. Co-. 312 W. Larned St., and 1492 Bewick Ave., Detroit. Mich. HARRIS, H. Archibald (Associate 1915; 1916), Archibald Harris & Co., Accts. and Engrs., 140 S. Dearborn St.. Chicago. 111. HARRIS, Henry W. (Associate 1924), J. R. Brockenan Mfg. Co., 617 N. Second St., St. Lou/s, Mo'. HARRIS, Jesse B. (1918), (for mail) Rose & Harris, Engr., 417 Northwestern .National Life Ins. Bldg., 15th and Oak Grove Sts., and 3620 Colfax Ave.. S., Minneapolis. Minn. HARRISON. Burt S. (1908), Ch. Engr.. Drying Systems. Inc.. US. Desplaines St., and (for mail) 2200 Warren`Ave., Chicago, III. HARRISON. James M. (1919). Vice-Pres. (for mail) McCann-Harrison Co., 5005 Euclid Ave., and 2041 East 96th St., Cleveland, O. HART, Harry M-* (1912). (Council 1914; 1st Vice-Pres. 1915: Pres. 1916; Council 1917), Pres.. L. H. Prentice Co- 330 S. Sherman St., and 5409 Winthrop Ave.. Chicago, III. HARTMAN, Frank E.* (1924), Water Sterilizer 8c Ozone Co., George and High Sts., Scottdale. Pa. HARTPENCE, Charles C. (1923), Box 337, . Columbus. Ga. HARTWELL, Joseph C. (1922). Dept. Mgr. (for mail) Grionell Co.. Inc., 260 W. Exchange St and 16 Freeman Parkway, Providence, R. I. HASEY, Charles E- (1919), C. E. Hasey Co- 513 Second Ave- S- and 2013 Third Ave- S., Min neapolis, Minn. HAUSER, Martin (1917), Pres. Engr., General Heat. Supply Co- R. 1. Reliance Bldg- and 1316 East 42nd St- Kansas City, Mo. HAUSS. Charles F- (1922). Spedai Repr, for Far East (for mail) American Radiator Co- 4 Yuen Ming Yuen Rd- Shanghai, China. HAUTZ, Edward H. (Associate 1923). Riester & OTh. esmacher Co- 1526 West 25th St.. Cleveland, HAWLEY, E. F. (Junior 1923). Uoyd Miller. Inc539 Main St- Poughkeepsie. N. Y. HAYES, Janies J. (1920). Sales Engr. (for mail) Stannard Power Equipment Co- 926 Monadnock Block, and 1423 East 66th PL. Chicago. 111. HAYES, Patrick M. (Associate 1923). (Secy. Kansas City Chapter) Asst. Mgr. (for mail) Dempster Mill Mfg. Co- 1307 West llth StKansas City. Mo. HAYES, Joseph G- (1908). Mgr. and Engr. (for HANSEN, John (1921), Heat. Engr., Nilson Bros., 3222 N. Halsted St., and (for mail) 2611 Kimball Ave., Chicago, 111. mail) Hayes Bros- Inc- 236 W. Vermont St and 2849 N. Capitol Ave- Indianapolis, Ind. HAYNES, Charles V. (1917), Vice-Pres. and Gen.` HANSON, E. W. (1922), Engr. and Estimator, Sales Mgr., Hoffman Specialty Co- 25 West W. N. Sauer Co.. 806 Chestnut St., and (for 45th St., New York, N. Y,, and (for mail) 256 mail) 919 Eldora PL, Pittsburgh, Pa. South 45th St- Philadelphia, Pa. HANSON, Henry A. (Associate 1923), Mgr. Heat. Dept, (for mail) Haines Jones & Cadbury, 1136 Ridge Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. . HANSON, Leon C. (Associate 1918). Bjorkman Bros.. 712 South 10th St., Minneapolis. Minn. HARB1SON, Earl J. (1924). J. E. Harbison, 211K Union St., Schenectady, N. Y. ' HARBUCK, John H. (1919). Vice-Pres. and Engr. (for mail) Moncrief Furnace Co.. 139 S. Pryor St., and 156 McMillan St., Atlanta,-Ga. HARBULA, Michael G.* (1921), New York Mgr.. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp.. 149 Broadway, and 15 Cooper St., New York, N. Y. HAYWARD, Ralph B. (1909). Pres, (for mail) - R. B. Hayward Co- 1714 Sheffield Ave., Chicago, and 201 S. Stone Ave- La Grange, UL HEAGERTY, Wm. H. (Associate 1923). Gen. Mgr.. Oil City Boiler Works. P. O. Box 137, Oil City. 1%. HEAGLER, John M. (1922). Engr. (for mail) American Foundry & Furnace Co- 303 Pitts burgh Bldg- and 1646 Iglehart Ave- St. Paul. Minn. HEAP, Walter E. (1920), Mgr. (for mail) Charles R. Heap & Son. 204 Bay St- Tomklnsville. and 412 Delafield Ave- W. New Brighton. N. Y- HEATH, Frederick R. (1913). Heat. Engr.. HARDING, Louis A* (1911). (Council 1922; Edison Electric Illuminating Co- 39 Boylston 1924), (for mail) Harding & Crea, 1335 Main St., St- Boston, and (for mail) 89 Trowbridge St.. and 85 Cleveland Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. Cambridge. Mass. HARE, Edgar S. (1920). Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) William Hare's Sons Co., 46 14th St., and 140 ` Miller St.. Edgewood, Wheeling, W. Va. HARMS, William T.* (1917). Heat, Contr., 515 S. Waterman Ave., Detroit, Mich. HARRIGAN, Edward M. (1915). Pres, (for mail) Harrigan & Reid Co.. 1705 First St., and 7450 La Salle Blvd.. Detroit, Mich. HARRINGTON. Chas. (1923), P. O. Box 891. Halifax, N. S. HEATHERTON, James M. (Associate 1904) Pres, and Editor (for mail) Plumbers Trade Journal Publishing Co- 239-241 West 30th St.. New York, and 395 Clinton Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y. . HECK, George L., Jr. (Associate 1921), Sales Engr. (for mail) Garden City Fan Co- 1842 McCormick Bldg- and 6214 Evans Ave-Chicago. 111. . HECKEL. Edmund P. (1918). Vice-Pres. (for - mail) Carrier Eng. Corp., 1429 Burnham Bldg- Chicago, and 314 Cuttriss PL, Park Ridge, 111. 18 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 HEDGES, H. B. (1919), Mgr- York Hearing & Ventilating Corp., 149 Broadway. New York, N. Y. HEDLEY, Park S. (1923). W. A. Chase & Son Mfg. Co- 31 Main St., Buffalo. N. Y. . HEEBNER, Walter M. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr. Warren Webster & Co- 15 West 34th St- New York, N. Y- and (for mail) 362 Highwood St- Bogota. N. J. HEILES, Frederick C. (Junior 1914; 1920). Engr.. 81 N. Maple Ave- E. Orange, N. j. HEILMAN, Russell H. (1923). Mellon Institute of Ind. Research, and 7108 Willard St- Pitts burgh. Pa. ' HEINLE, Earl L. (1920). Secy.-Treas.. The Kain- Petersen-Heinle Co- 1364 East 34th St- Cleve land, and (for mail) `2206 Bellfield Ave- Cleve land Heights, 0. HELLERMAN. Harry H. (1902). Pres, and Gen. Mgr- Penn Eng. Co- 312 Cherry St- Philadel- ` phia. Pa. HELPHINGSTEIN, Otto (1919), Engr. and Supt- 1253 W. Jefferson St- Los Angeles, Calif. HENION. Hudson D. (Associate 1923), Mgr. (for mail) Young Pump Co- 96 Mary St- and 114 Rosslyn Ave- S- Hamilton. Ont. HENRICH, George A. (1914). Pres, and Treas, (for mail) Geo. A. Hen/ich Co.. 702 N. Wells St and 1215 Elmdale Ave.. Chicago. 111. HENSCHEN, Laurence H. (1915), Henschen Co.. 101 Van Buren St- Joliet. Ill- and (for mail) Route No. 4 E- Grand Forks. Minn. HERD. C. C. (Associate 1922), 817 10th St.. Wichita Falls. Tex. HERENDEEN. Frederick W. (1920), Secy- National Boiler & Radiator Mfrs. Assn., 815 S. Mam St- and 29 Seneca St.. Geneva, N. Y. HERING, John B. (junior 1922), Philip Hering & HILL, Charles H. (1917), Ch. Engr- State Nonna! School, Emporia, Kan. HILL, E. G. T. (1922). Heat, and Mech. Engr.. King & Co- Ltd- S. Church Side. Hull, and 20 Vermont Crescent, Newland, Hull, E. Yorks. . England. HILL, Dr. E. Vernon* (Associate 1912; 1914), (Council 1915; 1917; 1921; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1918; 1st Vice-Pres. 1919; Pres. 1920). (for mail) E. Vernon Hill Co- 64 W. Randolph St- and 4357 Kenmore Ave., Chicago, III. HILL, Newell J. (1916). Consulting Engr. (for mail) 620 McKerchey Bldg- and 1737 Atkinson Ave.. Detroit, Mich. HILL, WUUam A. (1921), Estimator, Illinois Eng. Co- 301 Epler Block, Seattle, Wash. HILLMAN, R. Ward (1919), Asst. Gen. Mgr. Sales (for mail) U- S. Radiator Corp- 135 E. Grand River Ave- and 2472 Euclid Ave.. W- Detroit. Mich. HILLS, Arthur H. (1924). Heat. Engr.. C. A. Dunham Co- 904 New Birks Bldg- and (lor mail) 35 Park Ave.. Apt. 8, Montreal. Que. HINCHMAN, E. G. (1923). (for mail) E. G. Hinchman Co- 1263 Atlantic Ave- and 547 Eastern Parkway. Brooklyn. N. Y. HINKLE, Edwin C. (1911). Eastern Mgr., Buck eye Blower Co- 1400 Broadway, New York, and (for mail) 170 Frankffn St., Hempstead, N. Y. HITCHCOCK, Frederick P. (1917). Pres, (for mail) H. & P. Sales Co- 1104 Continental Bldg- and 4938 Forest Ave- Kansas City, Mo. HOBBS, J. Clarence (1920). (Pres. Pittsburgh Chapter) Mgr- Allegheny County Steam Heat. Co- 703 Chamber of Commerce Bldg- and 6349 Douglas St- Pittsburgh, Pa. . HOBEN, Robert J. (1919). (for mail) 258-60 S. Van Peet St., and 5102 Spruce Sl, Philadelphia, Son, 409 Belgrade St.. Philadelphia, Pa. HERLIHY. George F. (1922). Vice-Pres. (for mail) J. J. Herlihy, Inc- 810 W. Congress St and 212 East 109th St- Chicago. 1U. HERLIHY, Jermiah J. (1914). Pres, (for mail) J. J. Herlihy. Inc- 810 W. Congress St., and 3634 N. Keeler Ave., Chicago. 111. HERRICK, Daniel A. (1923), Factory Mgr. (for mail) Julian D'Este Co- 26 Canal St- Boston, and 27 Agassiz St- Cambridge, Mass. HERRING, Edgar (1919), Managing Director (for mail) J. Jeffreys & Co- Ltd- Barron's PlWaterloo Rd.. London. S.E.< and "Kenia.'` Keowick Rd- Putney, London. S.W., 15. Eng land. HERSH, Edgar E. (1916). Ch. Engr. and Asst. Gen, Mgr., Hersh Bros. Co- 645 Mill St- and (for mail) 120 South 16th St- Allentown. Pa. HERSH. G. Willis (1917). Gen. Mgr., Hersh Bros. Co., 645 Mill St., Allentown. Pa. HERSHEY. John C. (1919). Pres- Jas. Spear Stove & Heat. Co- 1823 Market St- Philadel- ohia. Pa. HESS, Horace L. (1924). H. B. Smith Co- 17th and Arch Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. HESTER, Thomas J. (1919). (for mail) HesterBradiey Co- 4200 Forest Park Blvd- and 3704 Sylvan PL. Kenwood Springs. St. Louis. Mo. Pa. HODGDON, Harry A. (1919), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Stone-Underhill Heat. & Vent. Co., 171 Harrison Ave.. Boston, and (for mail) 153 Nor folk St- Wollaston. Mass. HOERSTrNG, Prank J. (1921), Hoersting & Holtmann. 1133 W. Third St., Dayton, O. HOFFMAN, George D.* (1906), Hoffman Specialty Co- 512 Fifth Ave- New York, N. Y. HOFFMAN, James D.a (1903). (1st Vice-Pres. 1908; Pres. 1910; Board of Governors 1911.1912). Prof, of Practical Mechanics, Head of Dept, (for mail) Purdue University, and 323 University St. W- Lafayette, Ind. HOGAN, Edward L. (1911), Mgr,, Air Condition ing Dept, (for mail) American Blower Co- 6004 Russell St- Detroit. Mich. HOGUE, Carl T. (1922). Heat, and Vent. Engr., San Angelo, Tex. HOIER. William V. (1917), Mgr. (for mail) Wm. V. Hoier Co- 701 N. Wells St., and 1023 Thorndale Ave- Chicago. III. HOLBROOK. Frank M. (1923), Armstrong Cork Co.. Linoleum Division, Lancaster, Pa. HOLLOWAY.'Robert B. (Junior 1923), Engr- and Salesman, Gurney Heater & Mfg. Co- 108 North 17th St- Philadelphia, and 26 W. Rockland St., Germantown, Pa. HOLMBERG. John A. (1924), 122 E. Lincoln. HETHERINCTON, Edward T.' (1919), Sales Engr. (for mail) 1718 Sansom St- and 3311 Lindsborg. Kan. HOLMES, Joseph (1921). Pres., and Heat. Engr. North I6th St- Philadelphia, Pa. (for mail) The Holmes Landwehr Heat. Co- 1508 HEYDON, Charles G. (Associate 1923). (for mail) Adams St- and Cor. Elizabeth and Vance Sts- Wright-Austin Co- 315 W. Woodbridge St- and Toledo. O. 2649 Nebraska St- Detroit, Mich. HOLMSKOG, Otto S. (Associate 1923). Mech. HIBBS. Frank C. (1917). Salesman. H. B. Smith Engr- Oppenhamn & Able, and Y. M. C. A., Co- S.E., cor. 17th and Arch Sts- and (for mail) Wausau. Wts.' 3203 Columbia Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. HOMANN, Frederick A. (1918), Sales Repr. (for HIGGINS, John M. (1922), Salesman. H. B. mail) The Herman Nelson Corp., 1233 Marlyn Smith Co- 640 Main St- Cambridge 39. and (for mail) 16 Dearborn Rd.. Medford 57, Mass. HIGGINS, Thomas J. (Junior 1923), Ross Eng. Co., of Canada, Ltd- 914 New Bilks Bldg- . ' Montreal. Que. . HILDEBRANDT, Henry A. (1918), Supt. of Bldgs, and Grounds (foT mail) University of Minnesota, and 323- Church St- S.E., Min- Rd- Philadelphia, Pa. HONIBALL, Charles R.* (1911). Pres- Charles R. Honiball Co- 156 Boundary St- Liverpool, England. HOOK. C. Howard (1915). Pres., Peerless Heater Co.. 5602 Baum Blvd- Pittsburgh. Pa. HOOK. Maurice G. (1919). Mgr., C. A. Dunham Co- 101 Park Ave- New York, and Gifford Park, Tuckahoe, N. Y. 19 Roll of Membership HOOPER, Wyllys G. (1921), Mech. Engr. (for mail) Urbauer, Atwood Co., 1450 S. Second St., and 4129 Shaw Ave.. St. Louis, Mo. HOOVER, H. Earl (Associate 1922), Vice-Pres. (for mail) The Hoover Co., 1407 Railway Ex change, Chicago, and 1801 Green Bay Rd.. Glencoe, III. ' HOPKIN, William E. (1919), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Chas. E. Hopkin Co.. 107 Bethlehem Pike and Wyndmoor Ave.. Chestnut Hill, Phila delphia. Pa. HOPKINS, Robert D. (1915), Consulting Engr., Establissements Arnoult, Peking, China. HOPPER, Garnet H. (1923). Taylor-Forbes Co.. Ltd., Toronto. Ont. ' HOPSON, WHliam T. (1915), Hopson & Chapin Mfg. Co., New London. Conn. HOPWOOD, Arthur M. (1920), Sales Engr.. Abram Cox Stove Co., American and Dauphin Sts., and (for mail) 1652 Haworth St., Philadel phia. Pa. ' HORNUNG, John C. (1914), Engr. (for mail) 343 HULL, Bret R. (1910), Engr. and Contr., 406 Poyntz Ave- Manhattan, Kan. HUMPHREY, D. E. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co- Akron, and 128 S. Fourth St., Cuyahoga Falls, O. HUMPHREYS, Aurelius E. (1911), Mgr- O'Mata Heat. Co- 504 Victoria Bldg- St. Louis. Mo. HUNT, Phil M. (1922). Steam and Heat.. Engr. Dept- Crane Co- Oklahoma City, Okla. HUNT, Richard B. (1912). Mgr., 414 S. Fourth Ave- Mt. Vernon, N. Y. HUNTER, Charles C. (Associate 1923), Salesman, Building Equipment-& Machinery Co- 39 Cort- landt St., New York, N. Y- and (for mail) 55 Hollywood Ave., East Orange, N. J. HUNTER, Harry Q. (1923). American Heat. &. Vent. Co., 1505 Race St- and 5600 Baltimore Ave.. Philadelphia. Pa. HUNTER, Wallace S. (Associate 1924), (for mail). United Plumbers Supply Co- Inc- 146th and Exterior Sts- and 254 East 202nd St., New York, N. Y. S. Dearborn St., Chicago, and Glencoe, 111. HOSTERMAN, Chas. C. (1924). McMurrer Co SOS Congress St., Boston, Mass. HOESINGTON, Ned P. (Associate 1923) 102 Sum mit Ave., Bywood Heights, Upper Darby, P.O., Pa. HOUGHTEN, Ferry C.* (1921). Heat, and Vent. Engr. and Secy., A. S. H. & V. E., 29 West 39th St.. New York, and 5 Bradford Rd., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. HUNTLEY, Frank A. (Junior 1918). Salesman, Walworth Mfg. Co- Seattle, and (for mail) Box 1280, Yakima. Wash. HURLEY, Joseph C. (1915), Pres, (for mail) Petroleum Fuel Eng. Co.. 7 South 17th St., and 21 South 61st St., Philadelphia. Pa. HUSBAND, Edward Woods (1922), Heat. EngrGeo. Frederick Hall. Archt- 807 Union Trust Co. HOUPT, George A. (1916), Engr., S. Faith Co lne., 2044 Medary Ave- Philadelphia. Pa. HOWATT, John* (1915), Ch. Engr. (for mail) Chicago Board of Education, 650 S. Clark St and 7227 Oglesby Ave- Chicago. 111. HOWELL, Frank B.* (1920), Director, Dept, of Research. American Radiator Co- 1807 Elmwood Ave- Buffalo. N. Y. HOWELL, Lloyd (1915), Ch. Engr. (for mail) American Foundry & Furnace Co., 915 E. Washington St- and 1203 E. Jefferson StBloomington. 111. Bldg- and (for mail) 114 Corinth St., Providence, R. I. HUTCHISON, J. E. (1921), Engr. (for mail) Isaac Hathaway Francis, 1520 Locust St- and 5129 Newhall St- Philadelphia. Pa. HUTCHISON, J. Howard (1918). (for mail) 1020 , Callowhill St- Philadelphia, and Paper Mill Rd- Enfield. Pa. ' HUTTON. William (1919), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Hutton Bros. Co., 9 Union St- and 28 Spring St- Winsted, Conn. HUTZEL. A. F. (1916), (for mail). Hutzel & Co- HOWLEY, J. G., Jr. (Junior 1922), Salesman (for mail) H. B. Smith Co., 17th and Arch Sts- and 119 E. Washington St., and 722 W. Washington St- Ann Arbor, Mich. 6127 Jefferson St- Philadelphia, Pa. HUTZEL, Hugo F. (1918). (Pres. Western New HOYT, William B. (1919), Sales Mgr. and Secy, York Chapter) Engr. (for mail) American (for mail) National Bending Co- River and Radiator Co- 1807 Elmwood Ave- and 85 Lloyd Sts- New Haven and 39 Clifford St- Whit- Crestwood Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. neyville. Conn. HUTZEL, Max H. (1923), (for mail) Hutzel & Co- HUBBARD, Allen (1919), Consulting Engr. (for Hutzel Bldg- and 731 N. Elm St- Muncie, Ind. mail) Hollis French and Allen Hubbard. 210 South St- Boston, and 51 Montvale Rd- Newton Center, Mass. HUTZEL, Victor C. (1923), (for mail) Hutzel & Co., Hutzel Bldg- and 401 E. Main St- Muncie. Ind. HUBBARD, Allen M. (1922), 1323 Channing St and 232 N. Vendome St- Los Angeles. .Calif. HUBBARD, George W. (1911), Mech. Engr. (for mail) Graham, Anderson, Probst & White. 1417 Railway Exchange, Chicago, and. 331 Bonnie Brae. River'Forest, 111. HUBBARD, Nelson B. (1919), (Secy. Michigan Chapter) Consulting Engr., 1504 Broadway, Rm. 614, and 2985 Blaine Ave., Detroit, Mich. HUBER, Charles F. (1921). Supt- J. A. McBride HUZZARD, Edward C. (1924). Flock-Marshal! Plbg. & Heat-.Hazel and Water Sts- Lancaster. Pa. ' HYMAN, Wallace M. (1920) Vice-Pres. (for mail) Reis & O'Donovan, Inc- 253 West 28th St- and 210 West 70th St., New York. N. Y. HYNES, LeeP.* (1919), Consulting Engr., Electric. Heat, and Control, 36.State = St- and 50 S^ Mansion Blvd- Albany. N. Y. Mech. Eng. Co- 1607 Olive St- and (for mail) 5957 Highland Ave- St. Louis, Mo. I HUCH, Aloysius J. (1919), Gen. Mgr. of Sales, (for mail) Central Supply Co- 312 S. Third St- and 4037 Harriet Ave- Minneapolis, Minn. HUCKEL, Frank, Jr. (1920), Mgr- Heat. Dept . Keystone Supply & Mfg. Co- 907 N. Ninth St., Philadelphia. and (for mail) 5335 Wingohockihg Terrace, Germantown, Pa. HUCKER, Joseph H. (1921), Sales Engr- Haynes Selling Co- Inc.. 1711 Sansom St- Philadelphia, and 715 Stanbridge St- Norristown, Pa. HUETHER, Chas. G. L. (1924), Heat. Vent. Air Conditioning, Power and Mech. Equip, (for mail) Atlantic Eng. Co- 206-9 Title Annex Bldg- and 3814 Kate Ave., Forest Park, Baltimore. Md. HUGHES, John T. (Associate 1922), Sales Engr. (for mail) Brogan & Co- 810 Race St.. Phila delphia. and 211 Dawson St.. Wissahickon. Pa. HUGHES, Willard C. (1921), (for mail) Wicks- Hughes & Co- 224 Genesee St- and 16 Cottage PI- Utica, N. Y. - ICKERINGILL, John (1923). Sales Engr.. c/o . Standard HeateT Co- Otis Bldg- Philadelphia. . and 235 Rector St- Roxborough, Pa. ` IDDLES, Alfred (1921), Mech. Engr. (for mail) - Day & Zimmerman. Inc- 1600 Walnut St- Phila delphia. and 304 Conestoga Rd., Wayne. Pa. IMPEY, Paul F. (Junior 1921), Heat. Engr., John ' C. Moninger Co- 900 Blackhawk St- and (for mail) 3951 N. Mozart St., Chicago, 111. INGALLS, F. D. B. (1906), Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co- 136 Federal St- Boston, Mass- and Reading. Pa. INGLES, Margaret M.* (Junior 1918; 1923). ' Research Engr., Research Laboratory, A. S. H. & V. E- Rm. 283, U. S. Bureau of Mines, and 238 N. Dithridge St- Pittsburgh. Pa. INNIS, Helen R.* (Junior 1918; 1921). Sales Mgr. (for mail) Donnelly Systems Co- 9 Murray St- New York, and 34 McDonough St- Brooklyn. N. Y. . 20 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-2J IRELAND, Thomas H. (1923). Sales Engr. (for mail) Crane Co., 19-23 West 44th St- New York, and 69 Cedar Ave., Rockville Center, Long Island, N. Y. IRWIN. Clarence W. (1924), c/o V. G. Ralston. 1004-7 L. & J. Bank, and (for mail) 729 Campbell Ave., Waterloo, Iowa. ISSERTELL, Henry G.* (Associate 1912; 1913), Sales Engr. (for mail) Bldg, Equip. Section. General Electric Co., 120 Broadway and 825 West 180th St- New York, N. Y. JOHNSTON, James A. (1912), Member of Firm. Archt. and Engr. (for mail) Carneal & Johnston, 806 Va. Ry. & Power Bldg- and 1411 Grove Ave- Richmond, Va. 1 JOHNSTON, William B. (Associate 1916; 1921). Vice-Pres, (for- mail) Idea! Furnace Co- 530 Jefferson Ave., W- and 1667 Atkinson Ave- Detroit, Mich. - JOLLIFFE, Arthur H. (Associate 1918). Br. Mgr. (for mail)'U. S. Radiator Corp., 712-16 Boyce Bldg., 500 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. JONES, A. Marshall (1922), Mgr. (for mail) Machinery Mfgs. Sec., Westinghouse Elec. & J Mfg. Co- E. Pittsburgh, and 209 Biddle Ave- JACKSON, Charles H. (1923). Bayley Mfg. Co732 Greenbush St- Milwaukee, Wis. , Wilkinsburg, Pa. JONES, David J. (1919), Mech. Asst, (for mail) Illinois Central Railroad Co- Rm. 700, Dowie JACKSON, Charles J. (Associate. 1912). Local Mgr. (for mail) Jenkins Bros- 646 W. Washing Bldg., and 425 East 89th PI- Chicago. III. JONES, Edwin (Junior 1924), Watt Plbg. Heat. & ton Blvd- Chicago, and 323 Hazel Ave- Glencoe, Supply Co- Box 582, Tulsa, Okla. 111. JACKSON, Marshal/ S. (1910). (for mail) Heat JONES, Edwin A. (1919), Sales Engr. (for mail) Williams Radiator Co- 1860-68 W. Washington, & Power Plant Equip., 232 Delaware Ave- and Los Angeles, and 1007 Seventh St- Santa Monica, 108 Larchmont Rd- Buffalo, N. Y. JACOBUS, Dr. David S. (1916). Advisory Engr., Babcock & Wilcox Co- 85 Liberty St- New York, ' N- Y. ' Calif. JONES, Edwin F. (1923), Designing Mech. Engr- Dept. Public. Buildings, City of St. Paul, 219 Court House, and (for mail) 701 E. Jessamine St- JALIEN, John J. (1922), Staff Engr. (for mail) Consolidated Gas Co- Dept, of Utilization, 130 East 15th St- and 365 West 118th St,, New York- N. Y. . JANES, Arthur (1919), Pres- Arthur Janes Co- Scarsdale, N. Y. . JANET, Harry L. (1920), Engr. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp- 750 Freiinghuysen Ave- Newark, N. J- and 688 Decatur St., Brooklyn, N. Y. JARVIS, Geo. E. (1923), Secy- Estimator, Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) A. E. Holmes & Bros. Co.. 911-15 Banks Ave., and 1626 Baxter Ave., Superior, Wis. JAYNES, Eubertis L. (1918), Pres, and Geu. Mgr. (for mail) Northwestern Furnace & Supply Co- 619 Washington Ave.. S- and 4849 Girard Ave., S- Minneapolis, Minn. JELLETT, Stewart A.* (Charter Member), (Pres. 1895; Board of Managers 1896-1897; Secy. 1898; Board of Managers 1899) Consulting and Constr. Engr- Pres, (for mail) Stewart A. Jellett Co., 1200 Locust St- and 6701 Lincoln Dr., Mount Airy, Philadelphia. Pa. St. Paul, Minn. JONES, Ernest F. (1923), Kellogg-Mackay Co. (for mail) 419 West I8th St- and 3350 Gladys Ave- Chicago, 111. JONES, Harold L. (1920), Asst. Supt. (for mail) W. W. Farrier Co., 44 Montgomery St., Jersey City, and 11 Cambridge Rd., Glen Ridge. N. J. JONES, Ivor R. (Junior 1923), I. H. Francis, Otis Bldg- Philadelphia and (for mail) 344 Taylor Terrace, Chester, Pa. JONES, Louis T. (1921), Salesman. Richardson & Boynton Co- Edmunds and Highlands Aves- . Drexel Hill, Del. County, Pa. JONES, Raymond E. (1919). Engr. and Salesman (for mail) Haynes Selling Co- 171l Sansom StPhiladelphia. Pa- and 39 W. End Ave- Haddon- field. N. J. JONES, Robert L. (1919), Engr- Carrier Eng. Corp. 750 Freiinghuysen Ave- Newark, N, J. JONES, William R. (1922), Engr. of Plant, University of Pennsylvania, 3446 Walnut St and (for mail) 550 South 48th St- Philadelphia, Pa. JONES, William T. (1915), (Pres. Massachusetts JENKINS, Harry E. (Associate 1923), (for mail) Chapter) 11 Rossmere St- Newtonville, Mass. U. S. Cartridge Co- and 343 High St- Lowell, JORDAN, Charles F. (1915). Mech. Engr. (for Mass. JENNINGS, Frederick W. (Associate 1905), Ash- well & Nesbit, Ltd- 12 Great James St- Bedford mail) H. L. Bachler 1014 Elm St- and 3636 Herschell Ave- Cincinnati, O. ' JOYCE, Harry B. (1922), Executive Repr. (for Row, London, W. C- England. mail) Ideal Elec. & Mfg. Co- and 75 Stewart JENNINGS, Stanley A. (Junior 1924), Salesman (for mail) Darling Bros., 77 York St- and 15 Brookmount Rd., Toronto. Ont. JENNINS, Henry H. (1901), Edwin Oldroyd & Co- Ltd- Crown Works, and (for mail) West. Hill, Chapeltown Rd- Leeds, England. JENSON, Jean S. (1912), 431 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. JOHN, Benjamin F. (1920). Pres, (for mail) Ave- Mansfield, O. JOYCE, Walter P. (Associate 1924), Treas. McMahon Co- 1316 Oak St,, and (for mail) 2049 Hardesty Ave- Kansas City, Mo. JUNG, John S. (Associate 1923), 554 Layton Blvd., Milwaukee, Wis. JUTTNER, Otto J. (1915), Pres, (for mail) Juttner Heating Co- 432 Jefferson St- and 496 Newton Ave- Milwaukee, Wis. ' Ben}. F. John Co- 1003 Race St- and 881 North 24th St- Philadelphia, Pa. .K JOHNSON, Carl W. (1912), Pres, (for mail) C. W. Johnson, Inc., 211 N. Desplaines St- and 1809 Morse Ave- Chicago. 111. JOHNSON, Edward B. (1919), (Secy. New York Chapter) Sales Engr- American Radiator Co204 West 42nd St- New York, and (for mail) 154 Wardwell Ave- W. New Brighton, N. Y. JOHNSON, Fred W. (1916), Vice-Pres. (for mail) ' KAHN, Henry P. (1919). Salesman, Hoffman Specialty Co- 512 Fifth Ave- and (for mail) 456 West 148th St., New York. N. Y, KAISER. Harry S. (Junior 1924), Hanley & Co- 3444 Giles Ave- and (for mail) 6026 S. Park Ave- Chicago. III. - KAMMAN, Arnold R. (Junior 1921), Z56 York Johnson, Larsen & Co- 693-703 Monroe Ave., and 273 Chalmers Ave.. Detroit, Mich. JOHNSON, James A. (1919), (for mail) Esenwein & Johnson, 781 Ellicott Sq- and 731 W. Delevan Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. JOHNSON, Ralph B. (1922). Sales Engr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co- 411 East 10th St and 5025 S. Troost Ave- Kansas City, Mo. JOHNSON, Tracy R. (1924), Trane Co- La St- Buffalo, N. Y. KAMMERER, William Chas. (1923). 764 Ard more Ave- Akron, O. KAPLAN, Joseph (Associate 1923), Heat., Vent. and Plbg. Contr., 524 Emerson Ave- Detroit, Mich. KAPPEL, George W. A. (1921), Secy, and Treas. (for mail) Camden Heat. Co- 8 Market StCaraden. N. J- and 5844 Springfield Ave- Phila Crosse, Wis. delphia, Pa. 21 Roll of Membership KARLSON, Alfred F. (1918). Ch. Engr. (for mail) Parks-Cramer Co.. 970 Main St., Fitchburg, and 8 Fairview St., N., Leominster. Mass. KARR, Theo., Jr. (1921), Pres, (for mail) Karr Supply Co.. 325 S. High St.. Belleville. 111. KASTELLO, August (1923), Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., Ltd.. 904 New Birks Bldg., and 112 Portland Ave., Montreal. Que. KAUFFMAN, Rufus (1921), Heat. Engr. and Contr., 326 W. Seymour St.. Germantown, Phila delphia. Pa. . KAUFFMANN. Frederick F. (1922), 36 S. Seventh St., Philadelphia, Pa. KEASBEY, Aertsen P. (1922). Vice-Pres.. Robt. A. Keasbey Co., 445 West St. New York, N. Y,, and 6 Cobb Rd- Mountain Lakes. N. J. KEATING, Daniel J. (1921), (for mail) 2042 Rittenhouse St., 44th and Pine Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. KEENAN, P. Frank (Associate 1921), (for mail) Leo Flush Valve Co., 331 Madison Ave., New York, and 156 Ackroyd Ave., Jamaica, N. Y. KEENEY. Frank P. (Associate 1915), Editor. Domestic Engineering, 1900 Prairie Ave., Chic ago. 111. KEHM, August (1901), (Board of Governors 1908; 1911; 1st Vice-Pres. 1909). Pres., Kehm Bros. Co., 51 E. Grand Ave., Chicago. III. KEISER, Walter (Associate 1920). Vice-Pres. (for mail) Air Conditioning & Eng. Co.. 2914 S. Jefferson Ave.. and 2822 Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. KELLOGG. Alfred* (1916), (Council 1920-1921, 1923-1924), (for mail) 89 Franklin St.. Boston. . and 6 Hawthorne St.. Waverly. Mass. KELLOGG, Clarence V. (Associate 1900), Pres, (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co.. 419 West 18th St., and 1338 Fargo Ave.. Chicago. 111. KELLOGG. Hosford D. (Associate 1916). Mgr.. H. B. Smith- Co.. 17th and Arch Sts., Philadel phia. and Haverford, Pa. KELLOGG, Thos. M. (Associate 1923), The Bishop & Babcock Co.. 444 Lafayette St., New York, N. Y. KELLY, John G. (Associate 1919), Plbg. and Heat. Spec.. 210 East 45th St.. New York, and (for mail) 55 Cornell Ave.. Yonkers. N. Y. KENNEALLY, Victor J. (1919). Engr. (for mail) V. J. Kenneally Co., 256 Dover St., Boston. Mass. KENT, Lawrence F. (Junior 1924). Moncrief Furnace Co.. P. O. Box 1673. Atlanta. Ga. KERSHAW. Melville G. (Junior 1921). (for mail) c/o Dupont Engr. Co.. Wilmington, Del., and 3957 N. Percy St., Philadelphia, Pa. KERSJES. William (1922). Pres.. Wheeler. Blaney Co.. 223 N. Burdick St., and (for mail) 728 Clinton St.. Kalamazoo, Mich. KEYES, Robert E. (1913). (for mail) W. L. Fleisher & Co., Inc., 31 Union Sq. W., and 2497 Grand Ave., New York. N. Y. KIEB, August A. (1924), c/o F. P. Merkel. 131 South 12th St., and (for mail) 112 South 10th St., Newark. N. J. KIEFER, Carl J. (1922), Consulting Engr., 901 Schmidt Bldg., Cincinnati, O. . KIEWITZ, Arthur A. (1912), Heat. Engr., 187 Academy St., Astoria. L. I.. N. Y. KIEWITZ, Conway (1907), Engr.. N. Y. Bd. of Education, Flatbush Ave.. and Concord St., Brooklyn, and Floral Park, L. I.. N. Y. KILLIAN, Maurice A. (1922), Gtanz & Killian Co., 1761 Forest Ave., W- Detroit, Mich. KILPATRICK. Wm. S. (1923), D. S. Reynolds. Consulting Engr., 900 Hill St. Bldg., and 7125 Overland Ave., Palms, Los Angeles. Calif. KIMBALL, Charles W. (1915), Richard D. Kimball Co., 6 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. KIMBALL, Dwight D.* (1908), (Board of Gover nors 1912, 1913; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1914: Pres. 1915; Council 1916), Richard D. Kimball Co., 15 West 38th St.. New York, N. Y. KIMBROUGH. Hal. C. (1914). Dist. Mgr. (for mail) American District Steam Co., 712 First National Bank Bldg.. Chicago, and Hotel Windermere. Hyde Park, 111. ' KINEALY, John H-* (Charter Member), (1st Vice- Pres. 1898; Pres. 1901; Board of Governors 1902), Consulting Engr.. 503 Granite Bldg.. St. Louis. Mo. KING. Charles T. (1920). (for mail) Charles T. King & Co.. 523 N. Charles St., and 2802 Gar rison Ave., Baltimore. Md. - KING, Thomson (1923), Sales Mgr., Gas Boiler Dept., Peerless Heater Co., 5602 Baum Blvd., Pittsburgh, Pa. KINGSBURY, James W. (1924), B. B. Shine. 224 E. Walnut St.. Green Bay, Wis. KINNER, J. F. (1924), Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co- 952 East 72nd SL. and 1453 East 116th St., Cleveland, Ohio.' KINSEY, Albert J- (Junior 1923), 1088 King SL. Toronto. Ont. KIPE, J. Morgan (1919), Philadelphia Mgr., Standard Heater Co., 609 Otis Bldg., and Home stead and Beck Aves- Beechwood Park, Phila delphia, Pa. KIRBY, W. C., Consulting Engr. (for mail) GrinneU Co.. Inc.. 276 .Marrietta St., Atlanta and 306 Ponce de Leon PL, Decatur. Ga. KIRK. Charles D. (1909), Chas. D. Kirk Co.. 502 Tribune Bldg., and 774 McMillian Ave., Winni peg. Man. KIRK, George H. (1906). Engr. and Contr.. 6711 Wentworth Ave., Chicago. 111. KIRK. Leonard G. (1923), Pres., L. G. Kirk Co.. 441 West 50th St.. New York, and 859 Boulevard East, Weekawken. N. J. KIRMES, Edwin W. (1923). Walworth-English- FJett Co. (for mail) 100 Pearl St., Boston, and 29 Oakland SL. Melrose, Mass. KISSICK, J. J. (1918). Supt. of Bldgs., Board of Education, Sixth and Rockwell Ave- and 1768 Wayside Rd.; Cleveland, O. KITAURA, Shigeyuki (1918), Mech. Engr.. Monopoly Bureau, Dept, of Finance. Tokyo, Japan. - KITCHEN. Francis A. (Junior 1923), John H. Kitchen Co.. 1012 A. & R. Bldg- 1016 Baltimore Ave., and 4909 Main St- Kansas City, Mo. KITCHEN, John H. (1906). Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) John H. Kitchen & Co- A. & R. Bldg., 1016 Baltimore Ave- and 3259 Washington St., Kansas City, Mo. KITTLE, F. C. (1923), (for mail) Lord & Burnham Co- and 42 Main St- Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y. KLAUSS, Louis J. (Junior 1921), Mech. Engr.. Dwight P. Robinson Co- Inc.. 125 East 46th St- New York, and (for mail) Farmingdale, L. I N. Y. KLEIN, Dr. Albert R. (1920). Panoramastrasse 23. Stuttgart, Germany. KLEIN. Edward W. (1917), S.E. Dist. Mgr.. War ren Webster & Co- 1318 Atlantic Trust Co. Bldg- and 227 Myrtle St- Atlanta. Ga. KLEIN, Walter A. (1919). (Pres. St. Louis Chapter) Pres, (for mail) Klein Heating Co Arcade Bldg- and 3703 Washington Ave- St- Louis, Mo. KLIE, Walter (1915), Pres, (for mail) Smith & Oby Co- 6107 Carnegie Ave- and 1849 Cadwell Ave.. Cleveland; 0. ' ' KLINE, George W.< Jr. (1921). Kline & Co.. 1222 Callowhill St- and (for mail) 634 North 17th St- Philadelnhia. Pa. KLINE, Walter J. (1912), Sales Engr. (for mail) American DisL Steam Co- North Tonawanda, and 186 Pine St- Lockport, N. Y. KLONOWER, Arthur A. (1920), Mgr- J. S. Cassedy Co- 133 Austin St- Cambridge, and "The Breakers," Shore Dr., Lynn, Mass. KNAPP, A. F. (1923). (for mail) 260 Ridge St.. Newark, N. j- and American Radiator Co- 104 West 42nd St- New York, N. Y. KNIGHT, Alvin B. (Associate 1916). Warren Webster & Co- 2123 Dime Bank Bldg- and 8818 Dexter Blvd- Detroit, Mich. KNOWLES, Arthur F. (Associate 1914), Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Co- 202 Franklin St- New York, N. Y.. and 135 Hadden PI- Upper Montclair, N. J. 22 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 KNOWLTON, Donald W. (Junior 19221, Salesman, H. B. Smith Co- 17tb and Arch Sts- Philadelphia, Pa- and 215 Garfield Ave- Palmyra. N. Y. KOCH, Harry O. (1916), Gen. Supt- American Heat. & Vent. Co- 804 Times Dispatch Bldg- Richmond, Va. KOEHLER, George T. (1923). Sales Engr- Rich mond Radiator-Co- 1480 Broadway, New York, N. Y- and (for mail) 1111 Market St- Harris burg, Pa. - KOHLBRY, Edward G. (1920). Pres, (for mail) Kohlbry-Howlett Co- 63 W. Ontario St- Chicago, and 1144 Chestnut Ave- Wilmette. III. KOITHAN, William S. (1913), Sales Engr- Koithan & Pryor, 39 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. ' KORN, Chas. B. (1922), Supt. and Engr- Hersh Bros. Co- 645 Mill St- and (for mail) 1022 S. Eighth St- Allentown, Pa. KRESSLY, Maurice E. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr- Bureau of School Bldgs- Dept, of Pub. Instruction, and (for mail) 1941 Lenox St- Har risburg. Pa. KRIEBEL, Arthur E. (1920), Sales Engr. (for mail) c/o Kriebel & Co- 822 Green St- Phila delphia. Pa- and Berwyn. Pa. KRIES, Henry A. (1901) Pres, (for mail) Henry A. Kries & Sons Co- 6 W. Lombard St- Balti more. and Catonsville. Md. KROEGER, Alvin (Associate 1923), Richmond Radiator Co.. 213 E. Illinois St- Chicago. 111. KRUEGER, James I. (1921). Mech. Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Illinois Engineering Co- 417 Market St- Suite 320 and 775 Post St- San Francisco, Calif. KURKE, William F. (1922). Engr. (for mail) 211 Equity Bldg- and 820 12th St.. Fargo, N. D. L LA BUNDY, Bert A. (Associate 1919), Heat. Engr- 2577 Oxford SL, Memphis. Tenn. LA FOLLETTE, Byron E. (1916), (for mail) The Tarpenning-La Follette Co-Engrs., and Sheet Metal Contrs., 1030 Canal St- and 230 East 47th St- Indianapolis, Ind. LAGODZINSKI, Harry J. (Junior 1920), Drafts man, Ilg Elec. Vent. Co- 2850 N. Crawford Ave.. and (for mail) 3628 N. Tripp Ave- Chicago, 111. LAIDLAW, Ernest J. (Associate 1923), Crane Co- Ltd- 306 Front St., Toronto, Ont. LAMB, Foster W. (1906). F. W. Lamb Co- 24 E. Kinzie St- Chicago, III. LANCE, Joseph (1923), Harrigan & Reid. 1705 First St.. Detroit, Mich. LANDERS, John J. (Junior 1924), American Radiator Co- 1807 Elmwood Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. LANDON, Archer A. (1920), Vice-Pres- American Radiator Co- 816 S. Michigan Ave- Chicago, 111and 1807 Elmwood Ave.. Buffalo. N. Y. LANE, Alfred M. (1916). Pres, (for mail) Monarch Metal Products Co.. 5020 Penrose St- and 4238 Lafayette Ave- SL Louis. Mo. LANE. Edward K. (1916). Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) Lane-Bowen Co- 201 Seventh St- and 333 Fourth St- Lorain, O. LANGDON, Joseph D. (1920), Secy, and Treas. (for mail) Jos. A. Langdon & Sons Co.. 2030 Fifth Ave., and 340 S. Fairmont Ave- Pittsburgh, Pa. LANGENBERG, Everett B. (1914). Vice-Pres. (for mail) Haynes-Langenberg Mfg. Co- 4525 N. Euclid Ave- and 7214 Pershing Ave- SL Louis. Mo. LAPERLE, Lorenzo G. (1923), Asst. Supt- George H. Drake. Inc.. 218 Lexington Ave- BuffaJo. N. Y. LARIMER. George B. (1915). Partner (for mail) Larimer & Lauer, 1824 S. Hope St- and 6666 Selma Ave- Hollywood Sta- Los Angeles, Calif. LARIMER. Wm. McCoy (1922). Mgr. Heat. Dept- M. J. O'Fallon Supply Co- 1621 15th St., and 159 W. Second Ave- Denver, Colo. LARSON, Gustus L. (1923), Professor of Steam and Gas Eng. (for mail) University of Wisconsin, and Route 7, Madison, Wis. LARSON, J. M. (1924), (for mail) National Regulator Co- 2301 Knox Ave- and 3541 Wright- wood Ave- Chicago. 111. LAURIE, Robert J. (1917), Sales Engr. (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co- 2030 Walnut St- and 3225 S. Benton St.. Kansas City. Mo. LAUTENSCHLAGER, Fred. (1915), Mgr. Green house Dept, (for mail) Brunswick-Kroeschell Co- 4221 Diversey Ave- and 3846 Alta Vista Terrace, Chicago, IU. LAVAN, P. J. (1921). Heat. Contr., 1319 Eighth Ave., and 4232 Bagley Ave., Seattle, Wash. LAWRENCE, Chas. E. (1922), N. Y. Sales Mgr. (for mail) Massachusetts Blower Co- 444 Lafay ette St- New York, and 52 Waldorf Court, Brooklyn. N. Y. LeBEAU. John F. (Junior 1921; 1924) Asst. Engr. (for mail) W. H. Taylor & Co., 256 Hamil ton St., and 148 N. Seventh St- Allentown, Pa. LeCOMPTE, William G. (Associate 1914), Sales Engr. (for mail) Jenkins Bros- 80 White St- and 112 East 81st St- New York. N. Y. LEEK, Walter (1903). Leek & Co.. 1090 Homer St- Vancouver. B. C. LEES, Herbert K. (Junior 1912), Estimator, Wil liam Lees. 548 W. Washington Blvd- Chicago, 111. LEGIER, Edward W. (1924), American Blower Co- 1221 Boatmen's Bank Bldg- SL Louis, Mo. LEILICH, Roger L. (1922), Vice-Pres. and Mgr.. Baltimore Heat. Corp., 425 St. Paul PI- and 2810 Elsinor Ave., Baltimore. Md. - LEITCH, Arthur S. (1908). (Pres. Ontario Chapter) Mgr. Toronto Office (for mail) Sheldons, Ltd- 1002 Kent Bldg., and 421 Russell Hill Rd.,- Toronto, Ont. LELAND, William E. (1915), Consulting Engr- 58 Sutter St- San Francisco. Calif. LENONE, Jose M. (1919), 4808 Dorchester Ave- Chicago. III. LEONHARD, Frederick (1921), Sales Engr. and Mgr., Jas. P. Marsh & Co- 536 East 123rd SL. Cleveland. O. . LEVIN, Joseph (Associate 1923), Power Equip ment Co- 1015 Chestnut SL. Philadelphia. Pa. LEWIS, George C. (1919). Sales Engr. (for mail) American Heat. & Vent. Co- 1505 Race St- Philadelphia, Pa. LEWIS, J. Clifford (1913), Lewis & Warren, 1001 Realty Bldg- and 2505 Oak St., Louisville, Ky. LEWIS, L. Logan (1918), Secy, (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp- 750 Freiinghuysen Ave., Newark and 724 Carlton Ave- Plainfield. N. J. LEWIS, Samuel R.* (1905), (Board of Governors 1909; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1910; Board of Governors 1912; Pres. 1914; Council 1915), Lewis & Capron Co- 910 S. Michigan Ave- Chicago. 111. LEWIS, Thornton (1919), (Council 1923-1924), - Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) York Heat ing and Ventilating Corp- 1502 Locust St- Phila delphia. and Merion Sta- Pa. ` LIBBY, Lawrence R. (1900), Pres, and Treas., Libby & Blinn, Inc- 135 Sheldon SL, and 629 New Britain Ave., Hartford. Conn. LICHTY, A. J. (Junior 1923), (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co- 1631-33 Second Ave- and 1011 ' Tuscaloosa Ave- Birmingham, Ala. * LICHTY, Chas. P. (1920), Br. Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co- 1631-1633 Second Ave- and 1011 Tuscaloosa Ave- Birmingham, Ala. LIND, Clarence G. (Junior 1921). Heat. Engr. and Contr- 1653 Mt. Ephraim Ave- Camden, N. J. LINDEMAN, Henry (Junior 1923), Engr., Carrier Engr. Corp- 750 Freiinghuysen Ave- Newark, N. J. LINDEMAN. Relnhold F. (1916), Mgr. Vent. Dept- Robt. Gordon. Inc- 1355 W. Washington Blvd- and (for mail) 2642 Eastwood Ave- Chicago, 111. . LINDEMUTH, Nelson R. (Associate 1924), Vice- Pres. and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Lindemuth Engr. Co- Inc., 155 N. George St- and 584 W. Princess St.. York. Pa. ` LINER,'John J. (Associate 1916), Pres, (for mail) Philadelphia Asbestos Co- Roberts Ave- W. of Wayne Ave., Wayne Jet- Philadelphia, Pa- and Hadden Ave- W. Berlin. N. J. 23 Roll of Membership LINHARD, Howard V. (Associate 1921). Dist. Mgr., Utica Heater Co., 1265 Griswold St., and (for mail) 7238 Webb Ave- Detroit, Mich. LINN, Homer R. (1914), Industrial Engr.. Ameri can Radiator Co., 816 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, and (for mail) 321 S. Ashland Ave., La Grange. III. . LIPPE, Ernest V. (1922), Consulting. Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) 4521 N. Rockwell St., Chicago. III. LIPPMAN, Orville S- (Associate 1920), Sales Mgr., The Kellogg-Mackay Co., 419 West 18th St., and 7251 Princeton Ave., Chicago, 111. LISSAUER, Adolph W.* (1918), Pres, (for mail) Louisville Drying Machinery Co., Inc., 451 Baxter Ave.. and 2006 Douglass Blvd., Louis ville. Ky. LITTLE, C. W. (1921), Dept. Mgr., GrinneU Co lne., 413 Capitol Theatre Bldg., and 489 East- lawn Ave., Detroit, Mich. . LITTLE, Edwin R. (1916), Consulting Engr.. E. R. Little Co- Inc- 1918-1920 Ford Bldg., and 1463 Lawrence Ave- Detroit, Mich. LOCKE, Hiram W. (1920), Heat. Engr. and Sheet Metal Contr., 1942 North 20th St.. Philadelphia, Pa. LOCKER, Charles W. (1916), Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co- Rm. 101, 2845 Grand River Ave., Detroit, and R. F. D. Farmington, Mich. LOCKETT, John W. (1922), Mgr- Fitzgibbon Boiler Co- Oswego, N. Y. LOCKHART, George L. (1919), Archt. (for mail) G. L. Lockhart, Inc- 814 Kimball Hall, 25 E. Jackson Blvd- Chicago, 111- and 1736 Wellesly. Ave., St. Paul, Minn. LOCKWOOD, Edwin H.* (1915), Asst. Prof. Mech. Engr. (for mail) Sheffield Scientific School. Yale University, and 51 Sheldon Terrace, New Haven, Conn. LOEFFLER, Frank X. (1914), Pres: (for mail) F. Loeffler Supply Co- 5 Empress Theatre Bldg- and 320 West 26th St- Oklahoma City, Okla. LOHMAN, William J. (Associate 1922). Ozone Pure Airifier Co., 1455 W. Congress St- Chicago, 111- and (for mail) 3849 Cleveland Ave- St. Louis. Mo. LOMASNEY, Edward J. (1916), (Secy. Wisconsin Chapter) Consulting Heat. Engr- 456 Broadway, and 663 Cass St- Milwaukee, Wis. LONG, John (1916), 2600 South 61st St- Phila delphia, Pa. LONG, John A. (1919), Sales Engr.. Vapor Vacuum Heat. Co- Otis Bldg- 16th and Sansom Sts- Philadelphia, and (for mail) 8283 W. Chester Pike, Kirklyn, Dei. Co., Pa. LONGENECKER, Howard J. (1917), Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) York Heating & Ventilating Corp- Bridgeport. Montgomery Co- and 1009 DeKalb St- Norristown. Pa. . LONGWELL, Henry E. (1919), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Pierce, Butler and Pierce Mfg. CorpEastwood, and 407 Graves St- Syracuse, N. Y. LORD, Frank Russell (1922), Mgr. Heat. Dept., Walworth Mfg. Co- 245 Arch St- Philadelphia. Pa., and Delanco, N. J. ' LOUGHERY, George B. (1919), (for mail) 221 N. Camac St- Philadelphia, and 112 W. Johnson St- Germantown. Pa. LOVE, Clarence H. (1919), Mfgr. Agt. (for mail) .Nash Engr. Co- 840 Ellicott Sq- and 289 Nor walk Ave- Buffalo. N. Y. LOVELACE, James A. (1920), Vice-Pres. and Gen. Supt- R. L. Spitzley Heat. Co- 246 Larned St- W. Detroit, Mich. LOWNSBERRY. Benjamin F, (1920). Heat. Engr. (for mail) B. F. Shaw Co- Second and Lombard Sts- and 21 S. Sycamore St- Wilming ton, Del. LUCE, George D,, Jr. (1919), Mech. Engr- D. H. Burnham Co- Burnham Bldg- and (for mail) 3633 N. Harding Ave., Chicago, 111. LUCK, Alexander W.* (1919), Pres, and Gen. Mgr- Reading Heater & Supply Co- Church and Woodward Sts- Reading. Pa. . LUCRE, C. E. (1924), Prof. Mech. Engr., Colum bia University, and 260 Riverside Dr., New York, N. Y. LUMSDEN, Edward R. (1923), (for mail) E. R. Lumsden Co- 728 Philadelphia St- and 737 Water St- Indiana. Pa. LUNN, W. R. (1921), Ch. Engr. (for mail) W. P. Mackenzie Co- 1234-36 Callowhill St- Phila delphia, and 170 E. Tulpehocken St., German town, Pa. LUTTS, Conrad West (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Hersh Bros. Co., 645 Mill St- and (for mail) 1023 S. Seventh St., Allentown, Pa. LYLE, Ernest T. (1919), Engr. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp.. 176 Federal St- and The Braemore, 466 Commonwealth Ave- Boston, Mass. LYLE. J. Irvine* (1911), (Pres. 1917; Council 1918), Treas., Carrier Eng. Corp- 750 Freling- huysen Ave., Newark, and 1200 W. Seventh St- Plainfield. N. J. LYMAN, Samuel E. (Associate 1924). Supt. of Erection Philadelphia Territory, Carrier Eng. Corp., 1402 Land Title Bldg- and (for mail) 132 North 50th St- Philadelphia, Pa. Me McCAFFREY, H. Grattan (1922). Ch. Engr.. Sheldons, Ltd- W. Main St- S- Galt, Ont. McCANN, Frank G. (1903), Ch. of Heat, and Vent. Div. (for mail) Dept, of Education, Rm. 614, 131 Livingston St- Brooklyn, and 292 West 92nd St- New York, N. Y. ` McCarthy, Charles J. (1919). Contr. (for mail) 1718 Sansom St- and 533 South 55th St- Phila delphia, Pa. McCarthy, Thos. (1921). Heat. Contr. (for mail) McCarthy & Crandall Plbg. & Heat. Co- 529 S. Cascade Ave- and 444 W. Yampa St.. Colorado Springs,. Colo. McCAULEY, James H., Jr. (1921), Estimator, W. J. Gemeny Co- 1050 W. Randolph St- and (for mail) 3831 Lexington St- Chicago, IU. McCLELLAN, James E. (1922), Sales Engr. (for mail) American Blower Co- 140 S. Dearborn St and 1321 Ardmore St- Chicago, 111. McCLINTOCK, Alexander, Jr. (Junior 1920), Heat. Engr. (for mail) 1937 Ridge Ave- and 121 Rochelle Ave., Wissahickon, Philadelphia, Pa; McCLINTOCK, Alexander, Sr. (1917). (for mail) A. McClintock & Sons. 1937 Ridge Ave., and 121 Rochelle Ave- Wissahickon, Philadelphia, Pa. McCLINTOCK, John L. (1917). Heat Engr. (for .mail) 1937 Ridge Ave- and 121 Rochelle Ave- Wissahickon, Philadelphia, Pa. McCLOSKEY, John (1923), 458 48th St- Brook lyn, N. Y. " McCOLL, Jay R.* (J916). (2nd Vice-Pres. 1920; 1st Vice-Pres. 19217*Pres. 1922; Council 1923) Dean of Eng- Univefcity of Detroit. Consulting Engr. (for. mail) McOpll, Snyder & -McLean, 2348 Penobscot Bldg- and 825 Chicago Blvd., Detroit. Mich. McCONNER, Charles R. (Junior 1922), (for mail) Clarage Fan Co- 111 W. Washington St- and 536 Bromoton Ave- Chicago, 111. McCORMICK, Edward T. (Associate 1923), Br. Mgr., Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp- 600 Second Ave- Pittsburgh, and (for mail) 2210 S. Hobson St., Philadelphia, Pa, McCREA, Lester W. (1920), (for mail) Jas. McCrea & Son, 19 N. Carrollton Ave., and 564 University Apt- University Parkway, Baltimore, Md. McCREERY, Hugh Joseph (1922). Dist. Mgr. (for. mail) Combustion Eng. Corp- Ltd., Credit Foncier Bldg- Vancouver, B. C. McCULLEY, David E. (Associate 1917), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) D. E. McCulley Co- 1820 St. Mary's Ave- and 5104 Cuming St.. Omaha. Neb. McCUNE, Lawrence V. (Associate 1920), Sales man (for mail) Jenkins Bros- 207 Fulton Bldg- and 7 Riverview Ave- Pittsburgh, Pa. MCDONALD, John C. (1920). Br. Mgr. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp- 1412 West 12th St- Kansas City. Mo. 24 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 McDONNELL, Everett N. (1923). McAlear Mfg. Co., 1901 S. Western Ave.. Chicago, 111. McDONNELL, Geo. P. (1923), St. Louis Public Library. 13th and Olive Sts., St. Louis. Mo. McELWEE, Hugh J., Jr. (1920). 2029 E. Hunt ington St- Philadelphia, Pa. McEVOY, William J. (1917). Western Mgr. (for mail) Buckeye Blower Co., 923 Monadnock Block, and 6718 Lakewood Ave- Chicago. 111. McFARLAND, William P. (Associate 1923). Powers Regulator Co- 2720 Greenview Ave- and (for mail) 1106 Columbia Ave.. Chicago, 111. McGINNESS, J. E. (1903), Pres, (for mail) McGinness Co- 527 First Ave.. and 142 Bellefield Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa- McGLENN, G. Raymond (1915). American Warming & Vent. Co- 175 Falck St- and (for mail) 218 Lorinore St- Elmira, N. Y. McGOWAN, Thomas F. (1921), Heat, and Contr. Engr., 2832 Girard Ave- Philadelphia, Pa. McGREGOR, George H. (1920), Mgr. (for mail) Western Heat. Co- 815 S. Claremont Ave., Chicago, and 902 S. Cresent Ave- Park Ridge, 111. McGUIGAN, L. A. (Associate 1919). Salesman, National Radiator Co- 215 Wood St- and (for' mail) 724 Hastings St- Pittsburgh, Pa. McHENRY. Robert W. M. (1921), Asst. Engr.. M. F. Thomas, 229 College St- and (for mail) 236 Eglinton Ave- E- Toronto, Ont. McINTIRE, James F. (Associate 1914; 1915), Vice-Prcs. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp- 133E. Grand River Ave., and 2061 Taylor Ave., Detroit, Mich. McINTOSH, Fabian C. (Junior 1917; 1921), Br. Mgr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co- 2504 Cen tury Bldg- and 204 Stratford Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. McINTYRE, Wm. N. (1917), (Pres. Kansas City Chapter) 1927 Montgall. Kansas City, Mo. McKEIGHAN. Edward E. (1920), Engr. and Mgr. (for mail) Eng. Sales Co.. 1314 McGee St- and 3130 Olive St.. Kansas City, Mo- McKENNA, William N. (1912), Treas. (for mail) Wm. N. McKenna Co.'. 79 Chestnut St- and 21 W. Cedar St- Boston, Mass. McKIEVER, Wm. H.* (Junior 1896; 1897). Con sulting and Contr. Engr. (for mail) Wm. H. McKiever, Inc., 247 West 13th St- New York, and 479 Eighth Ave- Brooklyn, N. Y. McKINNON, Duncan (1923), Heat. Contr- Box 759, Elmhurst, III. McLAIN, Roland D. (1921). Heat. Engr., 238 West St- and (for mail) 716 Vernon Ave- Wil liamsport. Pa. McLEAN, Dermid (1917), (for mail) McColl, Snyder & McLean, Consulting Engrs- 2348 Penobscot Bldg- and 5140 Ridgewood AveDetroit, Mich. McLELLAND. H. Burton (Associate 1912). American Blower Co- 140 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. ` McMAHON, W. W. (Associate 1923), National Regulator Co- 166 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. McMILLAN, Luther B.* (1918), Consulting Engr. (for mail) Johns-Manville. Inc- Madison Ave. and 41st St.. New York, and Larchmont, N. Y. McMORRAN, Francis J. (1917). In charge of Sales and Eng- Pecco. Inc- St. Louis, and (for mail) 230 E. Argonne Dr., Kirkwood, Mo. McMURRAY, John (1920), Pres- Iron City Heat. Co- 843 Jackson St- N.S. Pittsburgh. Pa. McMURRER. Louis M. (Junior 1924). Office - Mgr- The McMurrer Co., 303 Congress St- Boston. and (for mail) 37 Walnut St- Everett, ' Mass. McNAIR. Edward E. (1905). (Council 1921-1922; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1923) Vice-Pres. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., 133 E. Grand River AveDetroit, Mich. McNEAL, William R. (1921). Supt- Bldgs, and Grounds. Seattle School District, 810 Dexter Ave- and (for mail) 4110 Densmore Ave., Seattle, Wash. McPHEARSON, Charles J. (1903), Pres, (for mail) W. G. McPhearson Co- 19th and Wilson Sts., and 1031 Quimby St- Portland, Ore. McQUISTON, Fred. (1923), Hammond High School. Hammond, Ind. McVEHIL, Earl W. (1923). Mgr- McVehil Plbg. Co.. 40 E. Wheeling St- Washington, Pa. M MacDADE, Ambrose H. (1923), Salesman. Haynes Selling Co- Inc., 1711 Sansom St,, Philadelphia, Pa. MacDOUGALL, Burgess W. (1923), Mech. SuptState of New Jersey, State Office Bldg- Trenton, c/o State Dept, of Architecture, and (for mail) 219 Netherwood Ave., Plainfield, N. J. MACKENSEN, Wm. H. (1923). Estimator and Designer, Huffman-Wolfe Co- 669 N. High St., Columbus. O. MACKIE, James (1917), Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) James Mackie Co- Ltd., 357 Langside St- and 254 Montrose St- Winnipeg. Man. MACON, William W.* (1908). (Secretary 1911, 1912; Board of Governors 1913; Council 1914), Editor (for mail) " Iron Age," 239 West 39th St- New York, and 711 Ave. J, Brooklyn, N. Y. MAGINN, Peter F. (1908), P. F. Maginn & Co- 207 Fulton Bldg- Pittsburgh, Pa. MAIER, George M. (1921), Eng.-Planning and Research Dept, (for mail) American Radiator Co., 40 West 40th St- New York, N. Y- and Apt. 54, Peldean Court, Pelham. N. Y. MALLIS. William (1914), Archt. and Engr.. 409 Lyon Bldg., Seattle. Wash. MANDEVILLE, Edgar W. (1914). Treas., E. W. Mandeville. Inc., 623 Parkside Ave- and (for mail) 1171 East 37th St., Brooklyn. N. Y. MANSELL, P. C. (1921), (for mail) Purdy- Mansell. Ltd- 63 Albert St- and 26 Grassmere Rd- Toronto, Can. MANSFIELD. F. A. (Associate 1920), Dist. Mgr. ` (for mail) The Louis Allis Co.. 1213 Bessemer Bldg- and 600 Shady Ave- Pittsburgh, Pa. MAPPETT, A. S. (Charter Member), Treas., Fowler & Wolfe Mfg. Co- 521 Bulletin Bldg- Philadelphia, Pa. MARCH. Ralph C. (1919), Asst. Engr. (for mail) Public Service Co- of Northern Illinois, 114 N. Oak Park Ave- Oak Park, and Lombard, 111. MARINE, John Deputy (Junior 1920), Heat. Engr.. Bourse Bldg- and 1937 Church Lane, Philadelphia, Pa. MARKEL. Frank E. (1923), 412 Rhodes Bldg.. Atlanta, Ga. MARSHALL, H. Hall (1923). Consulting Engr. (for mail) 37 West 43rd St- New York, and 63 Pine St- Garden City, N. Y. MARTENIS, John V. (1918), Associate Prof, of Mech. Eng- Mech. Eng. Deot- Univ. of Min nesota. and (for mail) 131 Orlin Ave- S.E., Min neapolis, Minn. . MARTIN, Albert B. (1917), Dist. Sales Mgr. (for mail) Kewanee Boiler Co- 822 W. Washington Blvd- Chicago, and 997 Vine St- Winnetka. 111. MARTIN, George W. (1911), Pres, (for mail) ' New York Service Co- 141 East 29th St- New ' York, N, Y., and 314 Prospect St., Ridgewood, N. J. . MARTIN, J. Howard (Junior 1923); Estimator,. Austin Eng. Co- 121 West 42nd St- New York, and (for mail) 59 Fletcher Ave- Mt. Vernon, N. Y. MARTY, Edgar O. (1916). Mech. and Elec. Engr., Bacteriological Laboratories of G. H. Sherman, M.D.. 14600 E. Jefferson Ave- and (for mail) 517 Ashland Ave- Detroit. Mich. MASON, James J. (1918), Dist. Sales Mgr., Utica Heater Co- 707 Union Bldg- Euclid Ave- and (for mail) 936 Whitby Rd- Cleveland. O. MASON, Orion Augustus (Associate 1922) Branch Mgr. (for mail) Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp., 312 Congress St- Boston, and 30 Vista Ave.. Auburndale. Mass. MATCHETT, James C. (1923), Illinois Eng. Co- Racine Ave. at 21st St- Chicago, 111. Roll of Membership MATHEY, Nicholas J. (1915). Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Mathey PIbg. Co.. 31 Third Ave., N.E.. Le Mars, la. MATHIS, Eugene (1922), Pres, and Treas., A. Mathis & Son. Inc., 3151 Shields Ave., and 9151 S. Hoyne Ave., Chicago. III. MATHIS, Henry (1921). New York Blower Co.. 2248 S. Halsted St., and (for mail) 143 West 71st St.. Chicago. 111. MATHIS, Jullen W. (Associate 1921). Pres. N. Y. Blower Co.. 2248 Halsted St., and (for mail) 7003 S. Peoria St., Chicago. III. MATTHEWS, Charles Russell (1924). (for mail) Warren Webster & Co.. 220 Devonshire St.. Boston, and 38 Dana St.. Cambridge. Mass. MATTHEWS. John K. (1923). Morgan Heat. & Plbg. Co.. Bo* 843. Charleston, W. Va. MATTHIESSEN, H. C. F. (1923). Hoffman Specialty Co.. 512 Fifth Ave.. New York, N. Y. MATZEN, Harry B. (1919). Sales Engr.. Carrier Eng. Corp.. 1429 Burnham Bldg.. La Salle and Randolph Sts., and 1625 Farwell Ave.. Chicago, 111. MAUER, William J. (1919). Sales Engr.. Dwyer Equipment Co., 4534- W. North Ave., Chicago, and (for mail) 2624 Central St., Evanston. III. MAURER, Edward D. (1921). Secy, and Treas.. Maurer Bros. Co.. 8600 Detroit Ave.. Cleveland, and (for mail) 1527 Mars Ave.. Lakewood. O. MAY, Edwin A. (1906). 171 N. Kenilworth Ave.. Qalj III MAYER, Robert J. (1915). Rm. 204 Erie Bldg., Cleveland. O. MAYER, Robert S. (1911). Br. Sales Mgr. (for mail) Chicago Pump Co.. 2026 East 22nd St., and 9327 Amesbury Ave., Cleveland. O. MEAD, Walter R. (1924), Sates Repr., Hoffman Specialty Co.. Waterbury. Conn., and (for mail) 263 Lexington Ave.. Dayton. O. MEADOWS. Frank H. (1923). The Meadows Heating Co.. 94 Second St., Milwaukee. Wis. MEAGHER, John F. (Associate 1921), Mgr. ffor mail) General Boilers Co.. 840 Planters Bldg., and 5916 Washington Ave.. St. Louis. Mo. MEDWAY, Fred J. (Associate 1919). Mgr. (for mail) Johns-Manville. Inc., Madison Ave.. and 41st St,, New York, N. Y., and 803 Boulevard E.. Weehawken. N. J. MEHAFFY, William Chambers (1922), Engr.. Chambersburg Const. Co.. Chambersburg, Pa. MEHRING. George (Charter Member), Pres., Mehring & Hanson Co., 162-66 N. Clinton St., Chicago. III. MEIER, Konrad* (1916). Consulting Engr.. Rychenbergstrasse 57. Winterthur. Switzerland. MELLON, James T. J. (1911), (Council 1915). Mellon Co.. 4415-21 Ludlow St., and 431 North 63rd St.. Philadelphia, Pa. . MENEFEE, Jesse I. (1924). Clinton & Russell. Ebel Bldg., and 2823 Hanes Ave.. Richmond; Va. MENK, Rudolph W. (1919). Mgr.. Furnace Dept.. Excelsior Steel Furnace Co.. 118 S. Clinton St.. Chicago, and (for mail) 118 Buell Ave.. Joliet. 111. MENSING, Frederick D. (1920). Consulting Engr.. Mensing & Co. (for mail) 928 Presser Bldg., and 2845 Frankford Ave.. Philadelphia. Pa. MERRILL. Carle J. (1919). Treas. and Mgr. (for mail) C. J. Merrill, Inc.. 85 Kennebec St., and 79 Clinton St.. Portland. Me. MERRITT, James H. (1906). Pres, (for mail) Jas. H. Merritt Co.. 207 Water St.. New York, N. Y.. and Bound Brook. N. J. MERTZ, Walter A. (1919). Secy, (for mail) Kehm Bros. Co., 51 E. Grand Ave., and 3753 N. Keeler Ave.. Chicago, 111. . MERVINE, Thos. R. (1922). Mervine Bros.. 208 S. Seventh St., and (for mail) 5852 N. Fifth St.. Philadelphia. Pa. MERWIN. Gile E. (1924). Heat. Engr. (for mail) U. S. Supply Co., and 2437 Fontenelle Blvd.. Omaha, Neb. MEWSHAW, James P. (1923). Br. Sales Office Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. 710 14th St., N.W.. and 2700 35th PL, N.W., Washington, D. C. MEYER, Emil A. (Associate 1923), Archt. (for mail) Rm. 7, 2703 Lisbon Ave.. Milwaukee, and c/o G. Wolff. Hales Corners. Wis. MEYER, Hans J. (1919). (Council 1922), Pres., Chas. L. Pillsbury Co., 1200 Second Ave.. S., and 2736 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis. Minn. MEYER. Henry C., Jr. (1898). (Council 1915. 1916). Consulting Engr., 101 Park Ave., New York. N. Y. MEYER, John S. (1920). Heat. Dept, (for mail) Aird-Don Co., and 79 Van Buren. Kingston. N. Y. MEYER, John W., Jr. (1921). Mgr. of Credit and . Order Dept., American Blower Co., 6004 Russell St., and 5849 Cass Ave.. Detroit, Mich. MEYERING, Archer S. (1922). Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Br. Mgr., C. A. Dunham Co., 600-4 Citizens National Bank Bldg., and 317 33rd St., Cheyenne, Wyo. MICHAEL. J. Paul (1920). Ch. Engr. (for mail) Stanton Heater Co.. Sheets St., and 410 N. Seventh St., Martins Ferry. O. MICHAEL, L. A. (1921). Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) 507 Bank Block, and 2264 Holly St., . Denver, Colo. MILLER, Charles A. (Associate 1917). Salesman (for mail) H. B. Smith Co.. 10 East 39th St., and 2178 University Ave.. New York. N. Y. MILLER, Charles W. (1919). (Pres.. Wis. Chapter) (for mail) Rado Co., 194 Reed St.. Milwaukee, and R. 1 Box 62, Menomonee Falls, Wis. MILLER. Floyd A. (1911). Inspector of Mech. and Elec. Eng.. 477 Federal Bldg., Chicago, III. MILLER. Harry M. (1920). Heat, and Vent. Engr.. 628 Merchants & Mfgrs. Bank Bldg., and (for mail) 1290 Stowell Ave.. Milwaukee. Wis. MILLER, Harvey N. (1921). Sales Engr.. Egyptian Supply Co.. Inc.. Box 667, Christopher, 111. MILLER, James E. (1914). Vice-Pres. (for mail) C. W. Johnson. Inc.. 211 N. Desplaines St., Chicago, and 2210 Colfax St.. Evanston, III. MILLER, John F. G. (1916). Vice-Pres. and Treas.. American Blower .Co.. 6004 Russell St.. Detroit. Mich. MILLER, Lloyd (Associate 1913; 1918). L. Miller 539 Main St.. Poughkeepsie. N. Y. MILLER, M. E. (1921). Ch. Mech. Engr. (for mail) Construction Service Q. M. C.. Rm. 1315. Muni tions Bldg., 20th and B Sts., and 5514 Eighth St., N.W.. Washington, D. C. MILLER, Max Paul (1911). (for mail) W. D. Cashin & Co., 35 Hartford St.. Boston, and 12 Byfield Rd.. Waban, Mass. MILLER, Robert B. (1922). Pres.. Miller & Brady. Inc., 210 East 38th St.. New York, and 903 Manor Ave., Woodhaven. L. I., N. Y. MILLER. Tolbert G. (Junior 1921). Piping Engr., Pennsylvania R. R. and (for mail) 429 Kelker St., Harrisburg. Pa. MILLER. William C. (1918). Freed Heater Co.. Collegeville. Pa. MILLIKEN, J. H. (1923). Reed Engineering Co.. 140 S. Dearborn St.. Chicago, 111. MILLIS, Linn W.* (1918). Secy, and Treas.. Security Stove & Mfg. Co.. 17th and Oakland Sts., and (for mail) 3534 Wabash Ave., Kansas Citv. Mo. MILWARD, Robert K. (Associate 1920). Br. Mgr. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp.. 4004 Duncan Ave., St. Louis, and 434 Lee Ave., Webster Groves. Mo. MINNICH, HarrvS. (1921), Mgr., Philadelphia Br., Richmond Radiator Co.. 2241 N. American St., and (for mail) 4526 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. MITCHELL. Charles H. (1924), Barber Co.. 26 Warrenton St.. Boston, Mass. MOFFETT, William S. (1907). Consulting and Constructing Engr., Staunton. Va. MOLBY, Edgar C.* (1915), Vice-Pres. and Sales. Mgr.. Molby Boiler Co., Inc., 41 East 42nd St., Rm. 1800. New York, and (for mail) 5 Devon PI., . Forest Hills. L. I., N. Y. MOLER, W. H. (Junior 1923), Carrier Eng. Corp., Douglas Bldg., 257 Spring St., Los Angeles. Calif. MOLO, Harold E. (1922), Mgr. (for mail) Linehan & Molo. 472 Main St., and 305 W. Locust St., Dubuque. Ia. 26 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 MONAGHAN. Thomas H. (1914). Pres.. Robert Gordon, Inc., 1353 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago. 111. ' MONDAY, Charles E. (1920), (for mail) Chas. E. Monday Co.. 1320 Olive St., Philadelphia, Pa., and 15 N. Chelsea Ave., Atlantic City, N. J. MONIN, E. H. (1923), E. H. Monin. Inc., 70 Delaware Ave.. Buffalo, N. Y. MONROE, Lewis O. (Junior 1917), Clarage Fan Co., Kalamazoo. Mich. MONTAGNA, C. J. (1924), 2013 Colonial Ave.. Norfolk. Va. MONTGOMERY, Walter R. (Associate 1923) Montgomery Bros., 1020 S. Wabash Ave., . Chicago,- III. MOODY, Lawrence E. (1919), Engr. (for mail) Isaac H. Francis. 1520 Locust St.. Bonbright Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa., and 237 Jefferson Ave.. Haddonfield. N. J. MOON, L. Walter (1915), 3834 Olive St.. St. Louis. Mo. '. MOORE, D. S. (1923). c/o Flexlume Sales Co.. 611 American Bldg., Baltimore. Md. MOORE, Joslah C. (1921). Aero Alarm Co., 725 Central Bldg., Seattle. Wash. MOORE, H. Lee (1919). Buffalo Forge Co.. 917 Union Arcade. Pittsburgh, Pa. MORAN, Frank E. (1922), Pres, (for mail) Ben Rigby. Inc., 604 W. Lake St., and 1101 S. Mason Ave.. Chicago. 111. MORAN, F. N. (1916). 128 W. Main St.. Staunton, Va. MORGAN, C. Stanley (Associate 1919). (for mail) 445 W. Larned St., and 14595 Harbord Rd., Detroit, Mich. MORGAN, Francis H. (1912), J. F. Morgan & Son, Inc., 67 Blake St.. Lynn, Mass. MORGAN, Glenn C. (1911), Vice-Pres. and Secy, (for mail) Morgan-Gerrish Co.. 800-6 La Salle Ave., and 1219 West 24th St., Minneapolis. Minn. . MORGAN, J. Scott (Associate 1922), Mgr. (for mail) Morgan Bros.. 7227 Tioga St., and 7031 Hamilton Ave.. Pittsburgh, Pa. ' MORGAN, Richard H. (1918), Heat. Engr. (for mail) The Chappel-Warren Co.. 1830 St. Clair Ave.. and 523 East 124th St.. Cleveland, O. MORGAN, Robert C. (1915). Ch. Engr. (for . mail) Stewart A. Jetlett Co.. 1200 Locust St.. and 314 W. Seymour St.. Philadelphia. Pa. - . MORGAN, Sherman H. (1918), Heat. Contr. and Engr., Morgan Bldg., Wayne St. at Lamed, Detroit, Mich. MORITZ, Carl J. (1921), Engr., Sodemann Heat. & Power Co.. 2306 Morgan St., and (for mail) 6923a Gamer Ave.. St. Louis. Mo. MORRIS, C. Raymond (1921). (for mail) 55 Lexington Ave., Passaic, and 381 20th Ave.. Paterson. N. J. MORROW, Charles E. (Associate 1919). Mgr. (for mail) National Radiator Co.. 215 Wood St., Pittsburgh, and Wampum. Pa. MORSE, C. T. (1921). Sales Mgr., American Blower Co.. 6004 Russell St.. Detroit, Mich. MORSE, Henry C. (Associate 1923). Johns-Man ville, Inc.. 2004 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo. MOSER, Philip F. (1921), Engr. (for mail) Grin ned Co., Inc., and 24 Homewood Ave., Warren, O. . MOSHER, Clarence H. (Associate 1919), Dist. Repr.. The Schaeffer & Budenberg Mfg. Co., and American Steam Gauge & Valve Mfg. Co.. Div. (for mail) 423 Ashland Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. MOSS, Edward (1920). Supervisor Plbg. and Heat, (for mail) New York Consolidated R. R. Co.. 1130 Atlantic Ave., and 231 94th St., Brooklyn. N. Y. . MOTEJL, J. A. (1917). Secy, (for mail) Bd. of Education. 705 First Ave., and 220 16th Ave., Cedar Rapids, la. MOTT. Abram C.. Sr. (1897). Pres. Abram Cox Stove Co., American and Dauphin Sts., Phila delphia. and "The Woods." Lansdale, Pa. MOTT, Abram C., Jr. (1921). 1st Vice-Pres.. - Abram Cox Stove Co.. American and Dauphin Sts.. Philadelphia, and (for mail) "The Woods," Lansdale. Pa. . MOUAT, Thomas G. (1914), Pres, (for mail) Mouat Vapor Heat. Co., 1246 W. Fourth St., and 360 East 105th St., Cleveland. O. MOULDER, Albert Wm. (1917), Ch. Engr. (for mail) Grinnell Co., Inc.. Dana and Paige Ave., and 74 Roosevelt Ave., Warren, O. MUELLER, Ben. H. (Junior 1923). Mfgrs. Agt. (for mail) 1887 Railway Exchange Bldg., and 4117 Magnolia Ave., St. Louis, Mo. MUELLER, Pfeul E. (1919), Pres, (for mail) Paul E. Mueller Co., 320 Park St., and 924 Summit Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. MUIR, George A. (1917), Engr., Muir & Brooke, 136 W. Lake St., Chicago, and (for mail) 234 S. Scoville Ave., Oak Park, 111. MULLEN, Frank J. (1921). Heating Supplies, F. J. Mullen. 1316 Adams St., and 755 Dearborn St.. Toledo. O. MUNIER, Leon L. (Junior 1915; 1919), Secy, and Treas. (for mail) Wolffe & Munier, Inc., Engrs. and Contr.. 405 Lexington Ave., New York, and 610 Lafayette Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. MUNRO, Edward A. (1920), Secy., Hutchinson Regulator Co.. 506-507 Metropolitan Bank Bldg., and 1717 K St.. N.W., Washington. D. C. MUNROE, Edward K. (1904), Mech. Engr.. U. & Veterans' Bureau. Munitions Bldg.. Washington. D. C.. and 5924 Bellona Ave.. Baltimore. Md. MURCH, Greenwood E. (1923), Richardson & Boynton Co., 3639 S. Ashland Ave., and (for mail) Chicago Ath. Assoc., Box 120, Chicago. III. MURPHY, Edward T.* (1915). Vice-Pres.. and Phila. Mgr., Carrier Eng. Corp., 1402 Land Title Bldg.. Philadelphia. Pa. MURPHY, Howard C. (1923), Wm. Reed Eng. Co.. 620 S. Third St., Louisville, Ky. MURPHY, William R. (1911). Pres. American Heat. & Vent. Co.. 804 Times-Dispatch Bldg., Richmond, Va., and 1505 Race St., and (for mail) Powelton Apt., 35th and Powelton Ave., Phila delphia, Pa. ' MURRAY, James M. (1922). Vice-Pres. T. F. Higgins Co.. 606 Wabash Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. MURRAY, Thos. F. (1923). Engr., State Archt.. and (for mail) 300 Washington Ave., Albany, N. Y. ' MUSAUS, John, Jr. (1923), (for mail) J. Musaus Sons, 5912 New Utrecht Ave., and 1242 73rd St., Brooklyn, N. Y. MUSSELMAN, Joseph F. (1917), Consulting Engr., 101 Park Ave., New York. N. Y. MUTH, Herbert (1912), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Muth Heat. & Eng. Co., 4338 N. Western Ave.,. and 6552 N. Campbell Ave., Chicago, 111. MYERS, David R. (1923). Mgr.. W. G. Cornell Co.. 19 Patterson St., N.E., and 5629 32nd St., N.W., Washington, D. C. MYERS, G. W. F. (Junior 1923), Designing and Sales Engr.. (for mail) York-Heating & Ventilating Corp., 1502 Locust St., and 2233 South 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. MYRICK, James W. H. (1909). New England Air Conditioning Co.. 53 Devonshire St., and 1521 Washington St., Boston, Mass. N NACEY, Harry M. (1908), Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) P. Nacey Co.. 927 S. State St,, and 229 Lake Shore Dr., Chicago. III. " NADER. John H. (1919). (for mail) Crane Co., 30 South 16th St., and 6043 Pershing Ave., St. Louis, Mo. NAROWETZ. Louis L.t Jr. (Associate 1912), Secy, (for mail) Narowetz Heat. & Vent. Co.,- 1711-17 Park Ave., Chicago, and 118 Park Ave., Park Ridge, -111. NASH. Albert W. (1924). Schley & Nash Co.. 709 Columbia Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. NATKIN. Benjamin (Junior 1907; 1909). Mgr. (for mail) Natkin Eng. Co., 208 Mutual Bldg., and 3725 Tracy Ave., Kansas City, Mo. NAYLOR, Ben C. (Associate 1922), Vice-Pres. and Sales Mgr.. Standard Asbestos Mfg. & Insulation Co.. Kansas City, Mo. , 27 Roll of Membership NEILER, Samuel G. (1898). Consulting Engr., NOTTBERG, Henry J. (1919). Secy.-Treas.. U. Neiler. Rich & Co.. 431 S. Dearborn St.. Chicago, S. Eng. Co- 914 Campbell St- and 213 S. Bales. and 737 N. Oak Park Ave.. Oak Park. 111. Kansas City. Mo. NEITZEL, Carl Wm. (1921). Ch. Mech. Supt.. NULSEN, Carl A. (1919), Heat. Dept- Hanley & Bd. of Education. Cleveland, and (for mail) Co- 3444 Giles Ave- and 931 Ainslie, Chicago. 111. 3240 Washington Blvd., Cleveland Heights. O. NUNAN, John F. (Junior 1921), Foreman (for NELSON, Benjamin (1914), Sales MgT. (for mail) mail) Jas. Spear Stove & Heat. Co- 1823 Market Continental Machinery Co., 1611 Harris Trust St., and 238 W. Highland Ave- Chestnut Hill, Bldg., Chicago, and 936 Hinman Ave., Evanston, Philadelphia, Pa. 111. NELSON, Frank, Jr. (1923), Supt., Frank Nelson NUSBAUM, Lee* (1915). Engr. (for mail) Pennsyl vania Eng. Co- 1119-21 N. Howard St., and 315 & Son, 1822 Cherry St., Philadelphia, Pa. Carpenter Lane, Philadelphia, Pa. NELSON, Geo. O. (1923), Carstens Bros., Ackley. . Ia. O NELSON, Herman W. (1909), Pres, (for mail) Herman Nelson Corp., 1824 Third Ave., and The OAKS, Orion O. (1917). Ch. Engr.. N. Y. Br- Le Claire, Moline, 111. (for mail) American Radiator Co- 40 West 40th NELSON, Ralph L. (1917), Engr. and Sales Repr., St., New York. N. Y- and lSRussell PI- Summit, Ralph L. Nelson, 506 Empire State Bldg., and N. J. 218 W. Buckeye, Spokane, Wash. OBERT, Casin W. (1916), (Secy. 1916-1923) Secy- NESBIT, David M.* (1895), (Board of Governors A. S. M. E. Boiler Code Committee. 29 West 39th 1900), Ashwell Lodge, Barkby Lane. Leicester, St- New York, and (for mail) 155 Archer Ave- England. Mt. Vernon, N. Y. NESBITT, A. J. (1921), (for maU) 213 N. Vermont O'BRIEN, J. II. (1923). American Blower Co- 120 Ave.. and 212 Victoria Ave., Atlantic City, N. J. S. Dearborn St- Chicago III. NESBITT, John J. (1923). c/o J. J. Nesbitt Co., O'CONNELL, Presly M. (1916). Mech. Engr. (for 213 N. Vermont Ave., Atlantic City, N. J. ' mail) J. Graham. Archt- 1351 Dexter Horton NESDAHL, Eilert (1915), Ch. Engr. (for mail) Bldg- and 718 East 60th St- Seattle. Wash. . Atmospheric Conditioning Corp., 920 Lafayette O'CONNOR, Jos. M. (1923). C. A. Dunham Co- Bldg.. Philadelphia, Pa., and 811 York St., 302 Orpheum Bldg-Wichita, Kan. Camden. N. J. O'DONNELL, Thomas J. (1920). Heat, and Vent. NEVINS, J. R. (1921), Archt. and Engr., 1708 . Engr. (for mail) Wm. H. McKiever, 247 West Hoge Bldg., Seattle, Wash. 13th St- and 140 Vermilyea Ave- New York, NEWPORT, Charles F.* (1906), Vice-Pres. New N. Y. port Boiler Co.. 105 S. Dearborn St., and (for OFFICER, H. S. (Associate 1923). Crane Co- 245 mail) 10001 Longwood Dr., Chicago, III. Master St- and (for mail) 3841 North 16th St- NICHOLLS, Percy* (1920), Fuel Section. U. S. Philadelphia, Pa. . Bureau of Mines. Pittsburgh, Pa. OFFNER, Alfred J. (1922). Consulting Engr- NICHOLS, George B. (1915), (Council 1919-1920), 1182 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Consulting Engr. (for -mail) 294 Madison Ave., OGELSBY, William P. (1923). Sales Mgr., Oil New York, N. Y., and 5 Erie Ave., Rutherford, City Boiler Works, 1043 Real Estate Trust Bldg- N. J. Philadelphia, Pa. NICOL, N. C. (1923), National Tube Co., 71 OHMES, Arthur K.* (1913), (Council 1915; 2nd Broadway, New York, N. Y. Vice-Pres. 1916; 1st Vice-Pres. 1917), Consulting NIESTRATII, W. H. (1921), Jas. P. Marsh & Co.. Engr.. 101 Park Ave- New York. N. Y. 3324 S. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. OLSEN. A. J. (1924). c/o C. J. Olsen, 109-11 NILSON, Andrew (1917), Pres, (for mail) Eureka ' Center St- Winona. Minn. Smokeless Furnace Co., 3222 N. Halsted St., and OLSEN, Carlton F. (Junior 1920), Sales Engr- 5407 Wayne Ave., Chicago. 111. Kewanee Boiler Co- 822 W. Washington Blvd- NOBBS, Walter W. (1919), 50 Fairhazel Gardens, and (for mail) 6238 Evans Ave.. Chicago. 111. London, N.W., 6, England. OLSON, Robert G. (1923), Mgr- Milwaukee NOBIS, Harry M. (1914), Heat. Engr. (for mail) 2036 East 105th St.. Cleveland, and 1827 Stanwood Rd., E., Cleveland. O. . NOBLE, Milner (Junior 1924), (for mail) Aerofin Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., and 80 Broad St., Newark, N. J. NOLAND, Lloyd U. (1915), Pres. (for mail) Virginia Eng. Co.. Inc., 322-330 28th St., and 319 54th St., Newport News, Va. NOLAND, Ralph W. (1914). Consulting Engr.. and Non-resident Lecturer on Heat, and Vent., Purdue University (for mail) 824 Lafayette Life Bldg.. Lafayette, and 223 Waldron' St'., W., Lafayette, Ind. - NOLL, Wm. Frederick (1924). P. E. Mueller Co- 320 Park St., Milwaukee, Wis. NORDINE, Louis F. (1914), Sales Engr., Herman Nelson Corp., and (for mail) 1170 25th St- Office (for mail) American Blower Co- 911 Majestic Bldg- and 802 Farwell Ave- Milwaukee, Wis. OLVANY, William J. (1912), Engr.. and Contr., - 100 Charles St-' New-York. N. Y. O'NEILL, Peter (1920). Treas. and Mgr- Bartley- O'Neill Co- 224 Third Ave- Pittsburgh. Pa. ORR, Merrill J. (1917). Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) Orr Co- 513 Jackson St- and 1815 Jackson St- ` Sioux City. Ia. ORTH, John W. (1919). Pres, (for mail) Orth Plbg. Co- 509 Columbia St- Lafayette, Ind. OSBORNE, G. H. (1922), Gen. Mgr. (for mail) The Vent. & Blow Pipe Co- Ltd- 144 Inspector St and 926 Tupper St- Apt. 12. Montreal. Que. OSMON, Thomas R. (1916). Heat, and Vent. Engr- Spohn Heat. & Vent. Co- 1775 East 45th St- and (for mail) 851 Paxton Rd- Cleveland, O-. OSTRANDER, Lewis F. (1923), Vice-Pres. and Moiine, 111. NORRIS, Edward (1909), Utica Heater Co... Heat. Engr- O-E. Soecialty Mfg. Co- .8-14 Keefe Ave- and 735 Bartlett Ave- Milwaukee, Utica. N. Y. NORRIS, James K. (1920), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Utica Heater Co., and 1 Jewett PI- Utica. N. Y. Wis. OSWALD, Walter L. (1919), Sales Engr-Crane Co., 23 West 44th St- New York, and (for mail) NORTON, Arthur E.* (1919). Associate Prof, of 611 S. Columbus Ave- Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Mech. Engr., Rm. 309, Pierce Hall (for mail) OTIS, Gerald Earle (1922), Ch. Engr., Herman Harvard University, Cambridge, and 39 Center Nelson Corp- Moline. 111. Ave., Belmont, Mass. OTTO, Robert W. (1912). (Secy. Minnesota NORTON, Frederick W. (Junior 1922), Engr., Chapter) Ch. Engr- Andrews Heat. Co- 2529 Gillis & Geoghegan. 537 W. Broadway. New University Ave- S.E., Minneapolis, and (for mail) York, and 126 Park Ave- Port Richmond, S. I N. Y. 2147 Carroll Ave- St. Paul, Minn. OWENS, Charles Beland (1921). Secy, and Mgr. NORTON, Thos. (1921). Pres, (for mail) Norton (for mail) Canadian Powers Regulator Co., Ltd- . Heat Co- Inc- 511 40th St- and 515 48th St- 106 Lombard St- and 25 High'Park Blvd.,- ` Brooklyn, N. Y. . Toronto, Ont. 28 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 p ' PERKINS, Fred C. (Associate 1923), Perkins- LeNoin Co- 963 Drexel Bldg- Philadelphia, Pa. PADGINTON, George (1919), Engr.. Power PETERKIN, Stuart MacC. (1922), Engr.. C. A. Efficiency Corp.. 602 White Bldg- and (for mail) Dunham Co- 229 College St., and (for mail) 73 Huntington Ave.. Buffalo, N. Y. . 71 Deloraine Ave- Toronto, Ont. PAETZ, Herbert E. (1922), Sales Engr. (for mail) PETERMAN, Robert M. (1917), Engr., School American Blower Co- 1450 David Whitney Dist. of Philadelphia, 19th St- above Chestnut. Bldg., and 5849 Cass Ave- Detroit, Mich. Philadelphia, and (for mail) 205 Lauriston St- PAGE, Harry W. (1923). Gen. Mgr- B. F. Sturte- Wissahickon, Pa. ' vant Co- Western Div., Sturtevant, Wis. PETERSEN, Gustave (Associate 1916), Secy, and PAGE. Sidney H. (1923). 512 Sellwood Bldg- Treas. (for mail) Heat, and Vent. Magazine. Duluth. Minn. 1123 Broadway, New York, N. Y- and 216 11th PAINE, Leonard G. (1920). Mgr. (for mail) C. A. St- Hoboken. N. J. * - Dunham Co- Otis Bldg- 112 South 16th St- and PETERSON, Evan A. (1923). Sales Engr- Crane . 5915 Carpenter St- Philadelphia. Pa. . Ltd- 386 Beaver Hall Sq- and 122 Kenaston Rd- PAINTER, David H. (Associate 1924). Hoffman ' Town of Mount Royal. Montreal. Que. Specialty Co- 2007 Independence Ave- Kansas PETERSON, H. K. (1920), Heat. Engr. (for mail) City. Mo. Nelson Co- 2604 Fourth Ave- and 4834 Fern- PALMER, Geo. J. (1923), 12 W. Market St- wood Ave., Detroit, Mich. West Chester, Pa. PETHERICK, David H. (Associate 1916). Spec. PARKER, Philip (1915), Engr. .Dept.. Braman Repr., U. S. Radiator Corp.. 517 Dime Bank Dow & Co- 239 Causeway St., Boston, and (for Bidg- Detroit, and 17 Kernberton Ave- Pleasant mail) 8 Middle St-'Woburn. Mass. * Ridge, Mich. PARKHILL, David (1915), Supt. (for mail) The PFEIFFER, Jos. F. (1921), (for mail) Jos. F. Graff Furnace Co., 116 Wooster St- New York, Pfeiffer Steam & Hot Water Heat. Co- 1140 and 197 Rutland Rd- Brooklyn, N. Y. PARKS, Vernon H. (1918), Treas. and Mgr- California St- and 668 Cook St- Denver, Colo. PFUHLER, John L. (Junior 1923). 600 Manor Meyer Furnace & Supply Co- 1051 St. Louis Rd- W., New Brighton. S. I- N. Y. Ave- and (for mail) 4321 Charlotte St- Kansas PHEGLEY, Frank G. (1913), (Council 1918-1919) City. Mo. Research Engr., Hart-Crouse Co- 301 Turner St.. PARROTT, Lyle G. (1922), Const. Engr.. McColi. Utica. N. Y. Snyder & McLean, 2348 Penobscot Bldg- and PHILLIPS, Frank T, (1919). Sales Engr. (for mail) (for mail) 3788 Gladstone Ave- Detroit, Mich. American Radiator Co- 25th and Reed Sts- PARTER, Samuel C. (Junior 1907; 1909), Engr.. Philadelphia, Pa- and 827 Belmont Ave- Col- James H. Merritt & Co- 244 Water St- and (for mail) 642 West 172nd St., New York,- N. Y. lingswood, N. J. PHILLIPS, Frederic W., Jr. (1921). Engr. (for PARTLAN, James W. (1916). (for mail) 1255 mail) E. W. Mandeville. Inc., 623 Parkside Ave., Park PL, and 478 Algonquin Ave., Detroit. Mich. PASK, Raymond J. (Junior 1924), Wolff Coal and 825 East 38th St- Brooklyn, N. Y. PHILLIPS, Lee (1920), 610 Ferguson Bldg- Saver Co- 1330 Congress St., and (for mail) 5 . Pittsburgh, and Terrace Ave- Carnegie, Pa. N. Homan Ave- Chicago, 111. PICKETT, Clinton A. (Associate 1923). Herman PATERSON, James S. (1922). Heat. Engr. (for Nelson Corp., 710 Rialto Bldg- St. Louis. Mo. mail) Bd. of Education, 155 College St., and 23 PICKUP, Harry (1920), Owner, H. Pickup, 2-14 Norton Ave- Toronto, Ont. Staple St.. London, and Glenesslyn, Udney Park, PATERSON. William B. (Junior 1920; 1921), Asst- H. H. Angus, Consulting Engr- 2 BloorSt- Teddington, England. PIERCE, Edward R. (1919), 41 Stratmore Rd- W.. and (for mail) 71 Falcon St- Toronto, Ont. Brookline. Mass. PATORNO, S. A. S. (1923), Heat, and VentMeyer. Strong & Jones, Inc., 101 Park Ave-New York, N. Y. PATTERSON, D. Finley (Junior 1923), (for mail) V. N. Welamb Co.. 135 North 22nd St- and 6428 N. Woodstock St- Philadelphia, Pa. PATT1SON, George B. (1920). Sales Engr., 404 Empire Bldg- and (for mail) 2138 Hudson Ave., Detroit, Mich. . PEABODY, Ernest H. (1920). (for mail) Peabody Eng. Corp- 110 East 42nd St., New York, and 557 Pelham Manor Rd- Pelham Manor, N. Y. PEACOCK, Jas. K. (1921). Mgr. New York Br. (for mail) Hoffman Soecialty Co- 512 Fifth Ave- New York, and 498 Manor Lane. Pelham Manor. N. Y. ' PEARCE, C. E. (1911), Ch. Engr., Guilbert & Betelle. Archts- Chamber of Commerce Bldg- Branford PI., Newark, and (for mail) 1256 Clinton PL. Elizabeth, N. J. ' PEARSON, Harry D. (1917), Pres, and Treas. Michigan Warm, and Vent. Co- 313 Kelsey Bldg- Grand Rapids. Mich. - PIERCE. Frank J. (1921). Mgr. Heat. Dept, (for mail) W. M. Pattison Supply Co- 777 Rockwell Ave- Cleveland, and 1612 Lincoln Ave- Lake wood, O. PIERON, Anton (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Warren & Wetmore, 10 East 47th St.. New York, and (for mail) 113 Schley St- Glendale, L. I N. Y. FINDER, Percy H. (1919), Treas. (for mail) Standard Steam Specialty Co., 366 Third Ave- New York. N. Y- and 12 Forest Rd.. Ridge wood. N. J. . PINES, Sidney (1920), Asst. Mgr. (for mail) Natkin Eng. Co- 208 Mutual Bldg- and 5012 Forest Ave- Kansas City,.Mo. PIPER, Albert (1920). Plbg. and Heat. Contr. Piner Bros., 340-346 N. Broad St- Trenton, N. J. PIPER, Edmund R. W. (Associate 1920), Plbg. and Heat. Contr., Piper Bros- 340-346 N. Broad St., Trenton, N. J. PISEL, Jos. W. (Junior 1921), Engr., I. H. Francis. 1306 Otis Bldg- and (for mail) 29 Brookline Blvd- Upper Darby P. O- Brookline, Pa. PITCHER, Lester J. (Junior 19241. Illinois Eng. PEASE, Harrison H. (Associate 1922), Commer Co- 1168 West 21st St- and (for mail) 6415' cial Trust Bldg., and (for mail) 8409 Shawnee StChestnut Hill. Philadelphia, Pa. Harner Ave- Chicago, 111. PITTELKOW, Arthur G. (1907), Pres, (for mail) PEASE, John G. (1917) Harlan & Harlan Machine . Pittelkow Heat. & Eng. Co- 312 W. Lamed St Supply Co- 308 Broadway, and 1718 East 59th ` St- Kansas City. Mo. and 355 Chalmers Ave- Detroit. Mich. PITTSFORD, William A. (1919). Mech. Engr.. PECKHAM, Randolph R. (1919). Supt. (for mail) Kewanee Boiler Co- Kewanee. and (for mail) 650 W. Baltimore Ave- and 3018 Hogarth Ave- 106 S. Menard, Chicago. 111. - Detroit. Mich. PLAYFAIR. G. A. (Associate 1924). Br. Mgr. (for PEEBLES, John K. (Junior 1924). Peebles &- mail) Johnson Temperature Reg. Co- 145 Wel Fergukm. 733 Law Bldg- Norfolk. Va. ' lington St- W., Toronto, and 288 Milverton PERHAM, Stanly H. (1920), Associate Engr. Blvd., Toronto, Ont. (for mail) Charles R. Ammerman, 529 Occidental PLEWES, Stanley E. (1917). Br. Mgr. (for mail) Bldg- and 4507 Carrollton Ave- Indianapolis, Johnson Service Co- 258 S. Van Pelt St- Phila Ind. delphia, and Evergreen Rd- Jenkintown, Pa. 29 Roll of Membership POOL, Sterling H. (1913), Pres., Howard F. Pool Co., 5 Market St., Lynn, Mass. POOLE. Ernest F. (1921), Engr. (for mail) F. P. Sheldon & Son, 1009 Hospital Trust Bldg., and 230 Lockwood St.. Providence. R. I. * POPE, S. Austin (1917), Contr. Engr. (for mail) 26 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago, and 315 William St., River Forest, 111. POPE, William A. (1906), Contr.. Engr., 26 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago, 111. PORTER, Brayton A. (1922). Sales Engr.. Kewanee Boiler Co.. 510 Real Estate Trust Bldg., and (for mail) 4624 Hutchinson St., Philadelphia, Pa. PORTER, Ray L. (1919), Supt., Belden, Porter. Gray Co., 65 North 17th St., Minneapolis, Minn. POSEY, James (1919), Consulting Engr. (for mail) James Posey, 1309 Lexington Bldg., and 4005 Liberty Heights Ave.. Baltimore, Md. POTTINGER, C. T. (1917), Dist. Mgr.. American Blower Co., 614-615 Bona Allen Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. POWERS, Fred I. (1920), Salesman. Box 324, Bozeman, Mont. POWERS, Fred W. (1911), (Council 1918-1919). Secy.-Treas.. Powers Regulator Co., 2720 Green- view Ave.. Chicago. 111. PRATT, Edwin D. (1922). Asst, to Gen. Mgr., Childs Restaurants. 200 Fifth Ave., New York, and (for mail) 283 Glen Ave., Port Chester. N. Y. PREBLE, J. Jarvis (1919), Asst, to the Pres, (for mail) Spray Eng. Co.. 60 High St.. Boston, and 38 Bowdoin St.. Newton Highlands. Mass. PRESTON, Bruce B. (1919). Vice-Pres.. Ideal Heat. Equipment Co., 1250 W. Fourth St., and 1839 East 90th St.. Cleveland. O. PRICE, Frank E. (Associate 1922). Mgr. Heat. Dept.. Hedges Atkins Supply Co., 1730 Blake St.. Denver. Colo. PROBST. Alfred H. (1919), Sales Engr. (for mail) Morgan-Gerrish Co., 800-6 LaSalle Ave.. and 2902 James Ave.. S., Minneapolis. Minn. PROX, Robert F. (Junior 1922; 1923), Vice-Pres, (for mail) Frank Prox Co., and 1608 S. Fourth St., Terre Haute. Ind. PRYOR, Frederick L. (1913), Advisory (for mail) ' National Silk Dyeing Co., 5 Colt St.. Paterson, and Towaco. Morris Co.. N. J. PRYOR, Robert W., Jr.* (1913), (Council 1919 1920) Mech. Engr. (for mail) Koithan & Pryor. 39 Cortlandt St., New York. N. Y.. and 199 Roseville Ave., Newark. N. J. PUGH, Earl C. (1921). Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Fulton. Taylor & Cahill, Archts.. 8120 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, and 1311 Lakeland Ave.. Lakewood, O. PURCELL. Arthur J. (1914). Heat., Plbg. and Steam Spec. Repr., 631 New Britian Ave., Hart ford. Conn. PURCELL, Robert E. (1916), Heat. Vent, and Plbg. Contr., 1735 Willis Ave., W., and (for mail) 128 Avery Ave.. Detroit. Mich. PURDY, Alexander K. (1922). Pres, (for mail) Purdy, Mansell. Ltd., 63 Albert St., and 30 Glenrose Ave.. Toronto. Ont. PURINTON, Dexter J. (Associate 1923). Head of Mech. Dept, (for mail) McKenzie, Voorhees & . Gmelin. 342 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.. and 23 Sachem Rd., Greenwich. Conn. PURSELL, H. E. (1919), Br. Mgr., Kewanee Boiler Co.. 1226-1228 California St., Denver, Colo. PYLE. John W. (1919). Supt. (for mail) Peru Heat. Co., 30 W. Canal St., and 371 W. Third St.. Peru. Ind. PYLES, Julius W. (1924), C. L. Reeder. 196 N. Charles St.. Baltimore, Md. o QUAY, D. M * (Charter Member). (2nd Vice- Pres. 1895; 1st Viee-Pres. 1896,1899; Pres. 1909) Mgr., W. G. Cornell Co.. 322 Leader Bldg., and 1352 East 84th St.. Cleveland, O. . QUENTIN, Edward H. (Associate 1919). Mgr. (for mail) Johnson Heat Regulating Co.. 14 North 12th St., and 3259 Geyer Ave., St., Louis, Mo. QUIGLEY, William J. (1920). Salesman. Gurney Heater Mfg. Co. (for mail) P. O. Box 184, Buffalo, ana 27 Knowlton Ave.. Kenmore. N. Y. QUIRK, Clinton H. (1916), Vent, and Mech. . Engr., Howard & Morse, 45 Fulton St., New York, and 8570 113th St., Richmond Hill. L. I., N. Y. R RAE, Thos. W. (1924), Salesman (for mail) American Radiator Co.. P. O. Box 535, and 3006 E. Douglas, Wichita, Kan. RAINE, John J. (1912), G. S. Blodgett Co.. Bur lington, Vt. RAINGER. Wallace F. (Junior 1924), Jaros & Baum. 116 West 39th St., and (for mail) 3 West 124th St.. New York. N. Y. RAISLER, Samuel (1921), Pres., Raisler Heat. & Sprinkler Co., 129 Amsterdam Ave., and (for mail) 202 Riverside Dr.. New York, N. Y. RANDLE, Joe E. (1923). (for mail) W. G. Cornell Co.. 2010 Railway Exchange Bldg., and 4119 Westminster PL. St. Louis, Mo. RATHER, Max, F. (1919). Mgr. Cleveland Office. Johnson Service Co., 2028 East 22nd St., Cleve land, and 3098 Huntington Rd., Shaker Heights, O. REARDON, J. Albert (1921). Pres.. Reardon Bros. Co., Mfgs. National Bank, 341 Union St., Lynn, Mass. RECK, Anders B.* (1899), Pres, (for mail) Reck Heat. Co., Ltd.. 15 Esromgade. Copenhagen, and Christianavei 16. Hellerup, Denmark. REDERER, Benedict S. (1922), (for mail) B. S. Rederer & Co.. 513 Arrott Bldg., and 1515 Rockland Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. REED, John F. (Associate 1923), Wm. Reed Eng. Co.. 50 Church St., New York, N. Y-. REED. William Dick (1919). W. D. Reed Co.. 622 Benton Blvd.. KansasCity, Mo. REEDER, Charles L. (1911), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 916 N. Charles St.. Baltimore, and 222 Longwood Rd., Roland Park, Md. REEDER, Frank C. (Associate 1919), Factory Repr., The Fulton Co., and (for mail) 204 Oklahoma Ave.. Knoxville, Tenn. REESE. Henry L. (1923). Hersh Bros. Co.. Allentown, and (for mail) 521 Elm St., Emaus. Pa. REEVES, Charles G. (1916), 257 W. Clapier St.. Germantown. Pa. REICHWALD, Charles W. (1923). Tallman & Co., and (for mail) 327 Palisade Ave., West Hoboken. N. J. REINHARD, E. L. (1919). Br. Mgr. (for mail) Americah Radiator-Co., 220 Delaware Ave., and 99 Lincoln Blvd., Buffalo. N. Y. REPP, Harry Leroy (1922), Br. Mgr., U. S. Radi ator Corp.. 908 N. Senate Ave., and 824 East 42nd St.. Indianapolis, Ind. - REUSS, Edward H., Jr. (1921), Heat. Contr. (for mail) E. H. Reuss, Jr.. 30th and Race Sts., and Bryn Mawr and Woodbine Aves.. Philadelphia. Pa. REUTER, Albert G. (1922), Sales Engr.. Daly Co.. 1425 16th St., and (for mail) 702 S. Corona St.. Denver, Colo, REYNOLDS, Henry M. (1915), Vice-Pres., Gen eral Boilers Co., Waukegan, 111. REYNOLDS, Thurlow W. (1922), Asst. Engr.. N. Y. Central R. R. Lines. Rm. 2416. Grand Central Terminal. New York, and (for mail)' 1 Pinecrest Dr.. Hastings-on-the-Husdon, N. Y. RHODES, Solomon V. (1921). Supt. of Heat, (for mail) Farrell Heat. & Plbg. Co., 25 Houston St., and 45 E. Cain St., Atlanta. Ga. RIBLET. William H. (Associate 1921). East. Div. Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., 101 Park Ave.. and 2493 Valentine Ave., New York. N. Y. RICE, C. J. (Associate 1923). Sterling Eng. Co.. 413 Third St.. Milwaukee. Wis. RICE, Edmund T. (1920). Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Jas. Spear Stove & Heat. Co.. 1823 Market St., and 838 South 56th St.. Phila delphia. Pa. '' 30 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 RICE, william W. (1915), Engr., Walters, Purks & Mellon, 4419 Ludlow St.', and (for mail) 1437 N. Redfield St., Philadelphia, Pa. RICHARDS. Frank A. (1920), Sales Engr. (for mail) Herman Nelson Corp., 219 New First National Bank Bldg- and 2612 Glen Echo Dr., Columbus, O. RICHARDS. Samuel F. (1915), Mgr., Heat. , Dept., Anchor Sanitary Co., 123 Third Ave.. and (for mail) 335 W. Riverview Ave., Bellevue Branch. Pittsburgh, Pa. RICHARDSON, A. Howard (Associate 1922), 2nd Vice-Pres. (for mail) Richardson & Boynton Co.. 3639 S. Ashland Ave., and 1302 Ritchie Ct.. Chicago. III. RICHARDSON, David R.* (1915). Pres.. Richard son & Boynton Co., 260 Fifth Ave., New York. N. Y. ' RICHARDSON, Frank J. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Insp.. Dept, of Education 131 Livingston St., and (for mail) 467 First St.. Brooklyn, N. Y. RIDLER, Harry C. (1919). Plbg., Heat, and Vent. Engr. and Mfgr. (for mail) 310 West 33rd St., and 3248 Pleasant Ave., Minneapolis. Minn. RIELLEY, Edward P. (Junior 1924), Sales Engr.. C. A. Dunham Co., 230 E. Ohio St.. Chicago, and (for mail) 1325 Henry Ave., Desplaines, 111. REITZ, Elmer W. (1923), Sales Engr. (for mail) Powers Regulator Co., 2720 Greenview Ave., and 446 Oakdale Ave.. Chicago, III. RILEY. Albert H. (1919), Supt. Heat, and Vent, (for mail) Bd. of Education. Ninth and Locust Sts., and 6235 Dowler Ave., St. Louis, Mo. RILEY, Champlain L.* (1906). (Council 1918 1919; 1st Vice-Pres. 1920; Pres. 1921) (for mail) Clark. MacMullen & Riley, 101 Park Ave., New York, N. Y.. and Plainfield. N. J. RILEY, DeWItt H. (1921), Engr.. Research Dept.. American Radiator Co., 1807 Elmwood Ave., and (for mail) 815 Tonawanda St., Buffalo, N. Y. RINKENBERGER. G. (1924), Sales and Heat Engr., Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co.. 439 Water St., Pittsburgh, and (for mail) 831 Franklin St., Johnstown. Pa. - RITCHIE, Edmund John (1923). (for mail) Sales Mgr., Sarco Co.. Inc.. Woolworth Bldg., New York, and 140 East 19th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. RITCHIE William (1909). Vice-Pres.. Boynton Furnace Co.. 58 West 40th St., New York, N. Y.P and 17 Van Reipen Ave.. Jersey City, N. J. RITTER, Arthur (1911), N. Y. Mgr. (for mail) American Blower Co.. 50 Church St.. New York, and 699 Ocean Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y. ROBB, John M.* (1913), Heat. Engr., 1513 Co lumbia Terrace, Peoria. III. ROBBINS. Loring G. (1907). Robbins, GamweU & Co., 68 West St.. Pittsfield, Mass. ROBERTS, Henry L. (1916), Engr. and Contr.. 228 North 16th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ROBERTS, Wm. L. (1923), 183 Harrison Ave.. Boston, and (for mail) 85 Baker St., West Roxbury. Mass. ROBERTSON. George A. (1902), Acting Supv. Heat, and Vent. Inspector, Bd. of Education. Bureau of Plant Operation, Flatbush Ave.. and Concord St., and 1081 East 39th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. ROBINSON, Albert G. (1924). (for mail) 4 Thom son Bldg., and 18 Harrison Ave., Glens Falls, N.Y. ROBINSON, S. Whitmore (Associate 1902; 1910), Consulting Engr., 10 Kilburn Priory. London, N.W., England. ROCK, Adolph C. (1917). Contr. (for mail) C. F. Rock Plbg. and Heat. Co., 115 N. Third St., and 1501 Frances St.. St. Joseph, Mo. ROCKART. Edward R. (1921). Mech. Engr., Minneapolis Bd. of Education, 245 Ninth Ave., N., Minneapolis, and (for mail) 1173 Arkwright St.. St. Paul. Minn. RODMAN, Robert W. (1922). Supt. of Plant Operation. Bd. of Education, 500 Park Ave., and 2102 Broadway. New York. N. Y. ROEBUCK William, Jr. (1917). Associate Engr.. The R. T. Coe Companies. Cutler Bldg., and Richford Hotel. Rochester, N. Y. ROGERS, A. Carle (1921), Consulting Engr.. Power Plants Heat, and Vent., 752 Euclid Ave.. Toledo. O. ROGERS, C. W. (1921). Secy, (for mail) N. Y. Blower Co.. 2248 S. Halsted St., and 420 Aldine St.. Chicago, 111. ROGERS, George H. (1920), Salesman and Heat. Engr., International Heater Co., and (for mail) Linthicum Heights. Md. ROLLINS. Fred D. (1919). 4107 Washington Blvd., Chicago, 111. ROLLINS. Lewis M. (1916), Morris & Co Union Stock Yards, and (for mail) 1912 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis. Minn. RONEY, Thomas G. (1916), T. G. Roney Heat. Co.. 3461 Fort St., W., and 748 25th St., Detroit, Mich. ROONEY, Martin A. (1918), 124 Proctor Blvd., Utica, N. Y. ROSEBROUGH, Robert M. (1920), Br. Mgr. (for mail) L. J. Mueller Furnace Co., 1409 Olive St., and 5502 Maple Ave.. St. Louis. Mo. ROSENBACH, Rudolph G. (1920), Sales Engr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 549 Washing ton St., and 1119 N. Avers Ave., Chicago, 111. ROSS, John O. (1920), Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) J. O. Ross Engr. Corp.. 30 East 42nd St- New York, and Colonial Heights, Tuckahoe, N. Y. ROSSMAN, Vincent D. (1919), Secy, (for mail) Modern Heat. Co- 3935 Olive St- and 2365 Klemm St- St. Louis. Mo. ROTHROCK. John T. (1920). Supt. Mech. Engr- Thompson-Starrett Co- 15th and Chest nut Sts- Philadelphia. Pa. . ROTZ, John M. (1918), Consulting Engr- Snider & Rotz. 703 Merchants Bank Bldg- and 3930 Broadway, Indianapolis, Ind. ROW, Oliver M. (1912). Director. Royles, Ltd- Heat Specialists, Irlam, near Manchester, Eng land. ROWE, William A. (1921). Ch. Engr- American Blower Co- 6004 Russell St- and 2313 Gladstone Ave- Detroit. Mich. ROWLEY, Frank B.* (1918). Prof, of Mech. Eng.; and Director of Experimental Eng. Laboratories. University of Minnesota, and (for mail) 63 Barton Ave- S.E.. Minneapolis. Minn. RUCKEL, John B. (Associate 1919), Pres, (for mail) J. H. Ruckel & Son, 81-83 Main St- and 183 Cleveland Ave- Buffalo. N. Y. RUDDELL, Wm. H. (1921). Mgr.. West Coast Heat. Co.. Inc- 1027 Fourth Ave- and 308 New ton St- Seattle, Wash. RUDIO, H. M. (1921), (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp- 39 Cortlandt St.. New York, and 142 Winspear Ave- Buffalo. N. Y. RUFF, Dewitt C., 2nd (1922). Partner (for mail) Healy-Ruff Co- 502 Plymouth Bldg- Minne apolis, and 2211 St. Clair St- St. Paul. Minn. RUPPEL, Richard L. (1911). Consulting Engr.. / 32 West 40th St- New York. N. Y- and (for mail) Meriden Rd- Waterbury, Conn. RUPPERT, E. H. (Associate 1923). Excelso Spec. Works. 85 Eastern Parkway. Brooklyn. N. Y. RUSSELL. Hugh C. (1911). Inspector Mech. and Elec. Engr.. Supv. Archt. Office (for mail) U. S. Treasury Dept.. Post Office Bldg- and 909 East 10th St- Chattanooga. Tenn. RUSSELL, Joseph N. (1899). Mgr.. Rosser & Russell. Ltd- 37 Duke St- Osford St- London, W. 1. England. * RUSSELL, William A. (1921). Asst. Gen. Mgr. Sales, U. S. Radiator Corp., 133 E. Grand River Ave- and (for mail) Imperial Hotel. Peterboro near Woodward. Detroit. Mich. RUSSELL, William Arthur (Charter Member), Pres, (for mail) W. A. Russell & Co- Grand Central Terminal Bldg- 70 East 45th St- New York, and 563 Palisade Ave- Yonkers. N. Y. RUSSELL, Willard E. (1921). Mgr.. C. A. Dun ham Co.. 219 E. Hanover St- Hunt Bldg- Trenton. N. J. RYAN. Harry J. (1922). Sales Engr- 91 Elm St- Albany. N. Y. 31 Roll of Membership RYAN, Henry B. (1920), Vice-Pres.. Barry, Byrne & Ryan Co.. 104 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, and 170 Fuller Lane, Winn'etka. 111. SCHOEPFLIN, Paul H. (1920). Pres, (for mail) Niagara Blower Co.. 673 Ontario (Ontario .at N. Y. C. Tracks), and 155 Fordham Dr.. Buffalo, RYAN, Thomas F. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. N. Y. M. J. Daly & Sons, 543-555 Bank St., and (for mail) 278 N. Main St.. Waterbury. Conn. SCHOPP, Walter J. (1922), 1704 Ludlow St., Philadelphia. Pa. SCHRADER, Charles C.* (Junior 1923). (Secy. S Pittsburgh Chapter) A. S. H. & V. E. Research Laboratory, U. S. Bureau of Mines. Pittsburgh,. SABIN, Edward R. (1919). Pres, (for mail) Edward R. Sabin & Co.. 4729 Ludlow St., Phila delphia. and S. E. Cor. Plumstead and Owen Aves.. Lansdowne, Pa. SACHLEBEN, Edward H. (Associate 1921), E. H. Sachleben & Co., 1517 Olive St., St. Louis.. Mo. . SAKOUTA, Mathleu L. (1923), Gavan, Siman- skaia 4, Petrograd. Russia. SANBERN, Edward N. (1923). Engr.. Men9ing & Co. (for mail) 928 Presser Bldg.. Philadelphia, Pa., and 119 Haviland Ave.. Audobon, N. J. SANFORD, Arthur L. (1915), (Pres., Minn. Chapter), Mech. Engr. (foi mail) Bd. of Educa tion, 245 Ninth Ave., N., and 301 East48thSt., Minneapolis, Minn. . SANTMYER, W. J. (1921). Supt.. Steam Heat. Div., Puget Sound Power and Light Co.. Electric Bldg., Seventh and Olive Sts., Seattle, Wash. Pa. SCHROTH, August H. (1911). Sales Mgr.. Richmond Radiator Co.. 1480 Broadway, New York. N. Y., and (for mail) 40 Carnegie Ave., East Orange, N. J.- . SCHULZ, Howard I. (Associate 1915), Local Mgr. (for mail) Crane Co., 1217 W. Broad St., Richmond, Va. SCHULZE, Ben. H. (1921), Sales Engr., Hester- Bradley Co. (for mail) 4200 Forest Park'Blvd., and 1914 Forest Ave., St. Louis, Mo. SCHWAB, H. E. (1923), Vice-Pres. and Secy, (for mail) c/o R- J. Schwab & Sons, Co., 283 Clinton St., and 266 Juneau Ave., Apt. 210, Milwaukee, Wis. ' SCIPIO, Lynn A.* (1921), Dean School of Eng., Robert College, Constantinople, Turkey. SCOLLAY, Ulysses G. (Charter Member), (Coun cil 1894; Board of Managers 1895; Treas. 1904 1911) Pres.. J. A. Scollay, Inc., 76 Myrtle Ave., SANVILLE, Chas. P. (1922). Sales Engr. (for Brooklyn, N. Y. mail) Bourse Bldg., and 1456 Sparks St., Phila SCOTT, Charles E. (1907). Pres.. Vapor Heat. delphia. Pa. Co. (for mail) 597 Fifth Ave., New York. N. Y. SARGENT, Leonard F. (1919). Mgr., National Heat. & Vent. Co., Box 103, Wausau. Wis. SAULSON, Saul (1916). Mech. Engr., Albert Kahn. Inc., 1000 Marquette Bldg., and 2491 W. Euclid. Detroit, Mich. SAWADE, Carl A. (Associate 1920), Mgr. Boiler Sales (for mail) Continental Heater Corp., Dunkirk, and 35 Curtis PL, Fredonia. N. Y. SAWDON, William M. (1920). Prof.. Exp. Eng.. Cornell University, and 1018 E. State St.. Ithaca. N. Y. SCANLON, John J. (1924), Ames Iron Works. 1035 Commercial Trust Bldg., 30 South 54th St., Philadelphia, Pa. SCOTT, Edwin A. (1912). Editor, (for mail) E. A. Scott Publishing Co.. 45 West 45th St., and 926 Madison Ave.. New York, N. Y. SCOTT, George M. (1915), Child & Scott Co., 108 Wooster St.. New York. N. Y. SEABRIGHT, Louis C. (1920), Mech. Engr. (for mail) c/o C. W. Bates. 77 12th St., and 155 Elm St., Edgwood, Wheeling, W. Va. ' SEARS, William H. (1919). Archt. and Struc tural Eng., 1102-3-4 James Bldg., Chattanooga, and 623 Hanover St., N. Chattanooga. Tenn. SEKIDO, Kunisuke (1903), -Nakano. Tokio Suburb. Japan. SELLARS, Fred J. (1917), Pres, (for mail) Sell-Orr Heat. Co.. 311 N. Penn Ave., and 619 N. Ninth SCHEER, Fred'k W. (1922). Heat. Contr., 12 St.. Independence, Kan. Brayton St., and 412 Vermont St.. Buffalo, N. Y. SELLERS, Reuben F. (1922), Owner (for mail) R. SCHEIBEL, Albert H. (1919). Asst. Mech. Engr., Stone & Webster, 147 Milk St., Boston, and (for F. Sellers Eng. Co., 216 E. Second St., and Terry Apts.. Sedalia, Mo. mail) 92 Milton Ave., Hyde Park, Mass. SELLMAN, Nils T. (1922). Asst. Secy. Mgr. (for SCHE1DECKER, Daniel B. (Associate 1919). Salesman (for mail) Bayley Mfg. Co., Rra. 1156. 38 S. Dearborn St., and 4626 N. Kilbourn Ave., Chicago, III. . SCHELLHAMMER, Alfred L. (1919), Schellhammer & Co., Warren, Pa. SCHILDMILLER, George H. (1922). (for mail) Asst. Br. Mgr., American Radiator Corp., Barium Bldg., Grand River and Broadway Ave.. and 2206. Pennsylvania Ave., Detroit. Mich. ' SCHLEMMER, Oliver H. (1906). 8442 Ciirzon Ave., Hartwell, Cincinnati, O. SCHLEY, Arthur A. (1920), Mgr. Heat Dept.. Schley & Nash Co., 709 Columbia Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh. Pa. SCHLOSS, Newton L. (1913), Consulting Engr., 105 West 40th St., and 546 West 146th St., New York, N. Y. SCHLUTER, H. (Associate 1921), Ames Iron Works, Rtn, 1010. 41 East 42nd St.. New York, and (for mail) 588 P. O. B.. Harrison. N. Y. mail) American Gas Assn., 342 Madison Ave., and 2463 Grand Ave., New Yotk, N. Y. SELTZER, A. P.. (1921), Br. Mgr. (for mail) American Radiator Co., 401 Pennway Bldg., and Spink-Arms Hotel. Indianapolis, Ind. SETZER, Walter C. (Junior 1922). Sales Eng., H. B. Smith Co.. 17th and Arch Sts., and (for mail) N.W. Cor. Gilham St., and Hasbrook Ave. Lawn dale. Philadelphia, Pa. . SEWARD, Perciva! H.* (Charter Member), Vice- Pres.. Richmond Radiator Co.. 1480 Broadway, New York, and (for mail) 369 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. . SEWELL, John M. (1919). Consulting Engr., P. O. Box 318, Warren Ave., Berwyn, Pa. SHANKLIN, John R. (1899). Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) West Virginia Heat. & Plbg. Co.. 233 Hale St., and 1507 Quarrier St., Charleston, W. Va. SHAW, Clinton E. (1921), Instructor (for mail) Northeast High School, Eighth and Lehigh Ave.. and 6412 North 11th. St., Philadelphia. Pa. SCHMIDT, George G. (Junior 1912; 1914), (for mail) Carrier Eng.. Corp.. 39 Cortlandt St., and 6063 Broadway. New York. N. Y. ' SCHNEIDER, Charles (1923). C. Schneider Co., 492 East 163rd St.. New York. N. Y. SHAW; Edgar (1923). Lynch & Woodward, Inc., 202 Harrison Ave., Boston. Mass. SHAW, Raymond E. (1921). Mgr., New England Sales (for mail) B. F. Sturtevant Co.. 555 Mass achusetts Trust Bldg., and Boston Athletic SCHNEIDER, Paul W. (1919), 16 Pearl St., Assn., Boston, Mass. Utica. N. Y. SHAY, Russell A. (1924), Heat. Engr., 108 Lin- SCHOENIJAHN, Robert P. (1919). Consulting wood St.. Brooklyn, N. Y. . Engr. (for mail) Industrial Trust Bldg.. 10th and SHEA, M. B. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) American Shipley Sts., and 7 Crawford Circle, Wilmington, Radiator Co., 417 South 10th St., and 3616 Del. Lincoln Blvd.. Omaha. Nebr. 32 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 SHEARS, Matthew W. (1922). Heat. Engr.. C. A. Dunham Co., Ltd., 1523-4 Davenport Rd., and ' (for mail) 53 Sylvan Ave., Toronto. Ont. SHEFFIELD, Edward B. (1921). Asst. Eng. (for mail) Melvern F. Thomas. 229 College St., Toronto, and 25 Government Rd., Lambton Mills. Ont. SHEFFLER, Morris (1921), Sheffler-Gross Co.. 205-11 Drexel Bldg., and 5451 Lebanon Ave., Philadelphia. Pa. SHEPPARD, Frank A. (1918), Johnson Service Co.. 411 East 10th St., Kansas City, Mo. SHEPPARD, William G. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Sheppard & Abbott, 119 Harbord St., and 479 Dovercourt Rd., Toronto, Ont. SHERIFFS, Walter A. (1918). Mehring & Hanson Co., 162 N. Clinton St., Chicago. 111. SHIPP, C. C. (1923). C. C. Shipp & Co.. Rm. 210, 230 E. Ohio St.. Indianapolis, Ind. SHODRON, John G. (1921). Research Engr.. James Mfg. Co., and (for mail) 411 E. Milwaukee Ave., Ft. Atkinson. Wis. SHORB, Will A. (1909), Treas.. Field & Shorb Co.. 133 W. William St., and (for mail) 3 Lincoln PI., Decatur, 111. . SHOZO, Salto (1923), (for mail) Maru No Uchi Bldg.. Opposite Tokyo Station, and Imperial Hotel, Tokyo. Japan. . . SHREINER. Dewey C. (Junior 1923), (for mail) Harry E. Shretner & Son, 116 W. High St., and 608 W. Blvd., Elkhart, Ind. SHUELL, Frank W. (Associate 1921), Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Everhot Heater Co.. 214 W. Woodbridge St., and 8120 E. Jefferson Ave., Apt. G-2, Detroit, Mich. SHULTZ, Earle (Associate 1919), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Illinois Maintenance Co., Rm. 1136, Edison Bldg., and 5818 Magnolia Ave., Chicago. 111. SIEGEL, John F. (Associate 1915), (for mail) Newport Boiler Co.. 101 Park Ave.. New York, and Mt. Vernon, N. Y. SIEGEL, Leo (1924), Mech; Engr. (for mail) Bd. of Education. Heat and Vent. Div.. Flatbush and Concord Sts., and 1507 Ave. U, Brooklyn, N. Y. SIMONSEN, Lawrence A. (1920). Estimator and Engr., E. J. Claffey Co., 10 W. Illinois St...and (for mail) 6419 Vernon Ave., Chicago, III. SIMPSON, William K. (1919). Secy, (for mail) Hoffman Specialty Co., and 61 Fiske St., Water bury. Conn. SKAGERBERG, R. (Junior 1921), Sales Engr. (for mail) American Blower Co., and 1610 Burlin game, Detroit, Mich. SKELLY, John F. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. M. J. Daly & Sons. 543 Bank St., and (for mail) 148 Chipman St., Waterbury, Conn. SKINNER, Harry W. (1920). Mech. Engr., Heat, and Plbg. Dept., Atlas Supply Co., and (for mail) 612 Jefferson St., Muskogee, Okla. - SKRILOFF, Elias (1924), N. Y. Edison Co., Inwood Ave. and 170th St., New York. N. Y. SMALL, John D. (1910), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 127 N. Dearborn St.. Chicago, and 411 Maple Ave., Wilmette, 111. SMALLMAN, Edwin W. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. 173 Bellevue Ave., Melrose, Mass. SMALLMAN, William T; (1911). Treas, Isaac Coffin Co.. 52 Sudbury St., Boston, Mass. SMITH, Edward C. (1918), Super. Engr. (formail) Bd. of Education 340 N. Water St., and 358 N. Lorraine Ave., Wichita. Kan. SMITH, George P. (1922). Sales Repr. (for mail) Herman Nelson Coro.. 122 Michigan Ave., Rm. 437, Chicago, and 500 Western Ave., Joliet, III. SMITH, Layton F. (1923). Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Midwest Air Filters. Inc.. Bourse Bldg., and 311 S. Hicks St.. Philadelphia, Pa. SMITH, Leslie L. (1919). Mech. Engr. (for mail) Smith. Hinchman 8c Grylls, 800 Marquette Bldg., and 1931 Delaware Ave., Detroit, Mich. SMITH, Milton S. (1919). Production Mgr., Car rier Engr. Corp., 750 Frelingbuysen Ave., New ark, and (for mail) 13 North Terrace, Maple wood, N. J. SMITH, Patrick J. (1923), W. J. McGuire. Ltd., 91 Jarvis St., and (for mail) 98`Woodfrey St., Toronto. Ont. SMITH, Virgil A. (Junior 1923). C. A. Dunham Co.. 1631-33 Second Ave., N,, Birmingham, Ala. SMITH, Wilbur F. (1920). Mech. Engr. (for mail) 600 Schuylkill Ave., and 3318 N. Park Ave., Phila delphia. Pa. SNELL, Ernest (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr., 3914 LeMay Ave., Detroit. Mich. SNYDER. Charles B. J. (1895), (Board of Gov ernors 1900-1904; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1905; 1st Vice- Pres. 1906; Pres. 1907; Board of Governors 1908), Consulting Archt., Dept, of Education, and (for mail) 430 Lewis Ave., Brooklyn. N. Y. SNYDER. Jay W. (1917), (for mail) McCoIl. Snyder & McLean, 2348 Penobscot Bldg., and 8987 Martindale Ave., Detroit, Mich. SODEMANN, Paul (Junior 1920). Sales Engr., Fischer Heat. Co., 367-369 Adams St., and (for mail) 206 Garland PI., Memphis, Tenn. SODEMANN, William C. (1919), Vice-Pres.. Sodemann Heat. & Power Co., 2306 Morgan St., and (for mail) 3510 University St., St. Louis, Mo. SODERBERG, Charles H. (1919). Consulting Engr., 1011 Charlevoix Bldg.i Detroit, and 600 Pierce St., Birmingham, Mich. SOLING, William (1923), Estimator and Engr.. Reis & O'Donovan, Inc., 93 Tompkins Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. SOMMERS, Louis J., Jr. (1922). Plbg. and Heat. Contr. (for mail) Sommer & Son, 2436 Brown St., ' and 6021 Clifford Terrace. Philadelphia, Pa. . SOPER, Horace A. (1916), Vice-Pres.. American Foundry & Furnace Co., 1122 E. Monroe St., Bloomington, 111. ` SOPER, Ira N. (1919). Sales Engr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 549 W. Washington Blvd., and 7214 Prairie Ave., Chicago; 111. SOULE, Lawrence C. (1908), c/o Aerofin Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, and 33 Ely PI., E. Orange. N. J. SOWERS, Paul Edgar (1922), Engr., and Br. Mgr. Vapor Heat Co.. 201 N. George St., and (for mail) P. O. Box 295, York, Pa. SPARKS, Frank B. (Associate 1921), Supt. of Installation (for mail) Jas. Spear Stove & Heat. Co.. 1823 Market St., and 5904 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. SPARLING, Clifford M. (1922). Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) Mechanical Trades Co.. Ltd., 54 Uni versity Ave., and 33 Jackman Ave., Toronto, Ont. SPECKMAN, Charles H. (1918), (for mail) 572 The Bourse, and 1217 S. Fourth St.. Philadel phia. Pa. . SPELLER, Frank N.* (1908). Metallurgical Engr., National Tube Co.. 1802 Frick Bldg., and 6411 Darlington Rd., Pittsburgh, Pa. SPERZEL, Henry J. (1019), Kewanee Boiler Co., 708 Builders' Exchange, Minneapolis, Minn. SPIELMAN. Gordon P. (Junior 1923), Hamson- Snielman Co.. 480 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago, and 515 N. Prospect Ave., Park Ridge, 111. SPITZLEY, Ray L. (1920). (for mail) R. L. Spitzley Heat. Co., 246 W. Lamed St.; and 1050 Yorkshire Rd., Grosse Pointe, Detroit, Mich. SPOFFORD, Harry H. R. (1923), Copper & Brass Research Assn., 25 Broadway, New York, N. Y. ' SPOONER, Harold R. (1921), Engr. and Estima- . tor, Jarcho Bros.. Inc.. 358 West 31st St.. New York, and (for mail) 33 Woodhull Ave., Hollis. L. I., N. Y. . SPRAGUE, Frank H. (1923), Skidmore Corp.. 1535 Dayton St., Chicago. 111. SPRIGGS, Walter J. (Junior 192O). (for mail) F- J. Spriggs, 43 W. Fourth St., and 56 Otis Ave.. St. Paul, Minn. . SPROULL, Howard E. (1920), Dist. Mgr., Ameri can Blower Co.. 1151 Consolidated Bldg., Indian apolis. and Bedford, Ind. SPURGEON, Joseph H. {1924), 2403 First National Bank Bldg., Detroit, Mich. 33 Roll of Membership STACEY, Alfred E., Jr.* (1914). Research Engr- Carrier Eng. Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave- Newark, and (for mail) Wootton Rd.. Essex Fells. N. J. STACKHOUSE, Raymond M. (1919). Mgr. (for mail) American Radiator Corp., 906 Davidson Bldg., and Rockhill Manor. Kansas City. Mo. STAINS, W. A. (1923) ,c/o R. F. Taylor, Western Indemnity Bldg., Dallas. Tex. STAMMER, Edward L.* (1919). Heat, and Vent. Supt., Bd. of Education, Ninth and Locust Sts.. St. Louis. Mo. STANGER, Ralph B. (1920), Sales Engr., Robin son & Stanger, Empire Bldg.. Pittsburgh. Pa. STANFORD, Leland E. (1921), Mgr., Forbs- Stanford Co.. 756 Upson St., and (for mail) 120 E. Cuyahoga Falls Ave.. Akron, O. STANGLAND, B. F. (Charter Member), (Board of Managers 1895; Council 1896, 1897; Board of Managers 1899; Board of Governors 1905-1906; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1908; Board of Governors 1909), Morton, N. Y. STANNARD, James M.* (1906). (Board of Gov ernors 1913; Council 1914, 1917), Pres., Stannaid Power Equipment Co., 1220 Monadnock Block, Chicago. 111. STANWOOD. J. B. (1924). Consulting Engr.. Houston, Stanwood & Gamble Co., and (Tor mail) 2415 Maplewood Ave., Cincinnati. O. STARK, Edward A. (Associate 1914; 1916). Br. Mgr.. U. S. Radiator Corp., 1248 First Ave., S and 2338 Broadway. N.. Seattle. Wash. STARK, Ini. S. (Junior 1920). Sales Engr., C. A. . Dunham Co.. Vick Apts.. Greensboro. N. C. STARKS, Verne E. (1921), Dist. Mgr.. Ilg Elec tric Vent. Co., 1314 Schofield Bldg., and 1331 East 143rd St.. Cleveland, O. STEDMAN, C. N. (1921), Dist. Sales Mgr. (for mail) Fulton Co.. 610 Wrigley Bldg., and 2309 East 69th St., Apt. 2. Chicago. I1L STE1M. Charles J., Jr. (1923). Samuel Sloan & Co.. 67 Exchange St., and 436 Rosewood Terrace, Rochester, N. Y. STEINER, John G. (Associate 1922), Utica Heater Co.. 1708 Broadway, and 1368 Elizabeth St.. Denver. Colo. STEINHORST, Theodore F. (1919). Engr. and Estimator. Emil Steinhorst & Sons, 1158 Mo hawk St., and West Shore R. R., and 1642 Brinckerhoff Ave.. Utica. N. Y. STEINKE, G. B. (1924). Pres, (for mail). 103 Park Ave.. and 2730 Decatur Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y. STEPHANY, Erwin J. (Junior 1920). Supt. of Sales Dept., Equitable Gas Co.. 435 Sixth Ave., Pittsburgh. Pa. STEPHEN. Alexander M. (1922). Pres.. Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Stephen and Boyle. Ltd., 1325 Standard Bank Bldg., and 784 Thurtow St., Vancouver. B. C. STEPHENSON, Lewis A. (1917). Mgr. (for mail) Powers Regulator Co.. 407 East 13th St., and 801 West 57th St., Kansas City. Mo. STERN. H. Richard (1923). (for mail) Johnson & Morris. 538 West 23rd St., and 225 West 86th St., New York. N. Y. STETSON. Lawrence R. (1913), (for mail) Mc- Murrer Co.. 303 Congress St.. Boston, and 35 Bradfield Ave., Roslindale. Mass. STEWART, Charles W. (1918). Pres.. Haynes Selling Co-. 1711 Sansom St., and (for mail) 716 South 51st St., Philadelphia, Pa. - STEWART. Earl A. (1922). Assoc. Prof. Agr. Physics. Univ. of Minnesota, University Farm, St. Paul. Minn. STEWART. R. C. (Associate 1924). Chandler Pump & Sunoly Co.. 931 W. Eighth St., and (for mail) 1823 Houston St.. Kansas City, Mo. ' STILL. Fred R.* (1904). (Council 1916; 2nd Vice- Pres. 1917; Pres. 1918; Council 1919), Vice-Pres. and Secy, (for mail) American Blower Co.. 50 Church St.. New York. N. Y. STITT. Eugene W. (1917). Mgr. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., 607 Arrott Bldg., and 1535 Fair- lawn Ave.. Dormont, Pittsburgh. Pa. STITT, Howard B. (Associate 1922). Heat. Engr. (for mail) 506 West 29th St.. Indianapolis. Ind. STOCK, Edward L. (Associate 1918), Pres., Re public Boiler & Radiator Co.. 1220 New York Ave., Washington. D. C., and Bradley Hills, Bethesda. Md. STOCKENBERG, Ruben (1922). Sales Engr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co.. 1355 W. Washington Blvd- and 1314 Columbia Ave., Chicago, 111. STOCKWELL, William R. (Junior 1901; 1903), Gen. Mgr., Weil-McLain Co.. Michigan City, Ind. STOKES, Ralph-E. (1920), Residence Mgr., Vent. Engr. (for mail) Ilg Elec. Vent. Co.. 1024 Bes semer Bldg., Pittsburgh, and 843 River. Rd., Avalon Borough. Pa. STOLENBERG, Thomas R. (1922). Sales Rep. Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Box 1168, and Kenmark Hotel, Denver. Colo. ' STONE, Eugene R. (1913). Pres.. Stone-Underhill Heat. & Vent. Co.. 171 Harrison Ave., Boston. Mass. STONE, George F. (1918), M. J. Dougherty Co.. 25th and Washington Ave.. and (for mail) 4520 N. Carlisle St., Philadelphia. Pa. STORM, Edwin S. (1916). Vice-Pres.. Hoffman Specialty Co.. 130 N. Weils St.. Chicago. III. STRADER, Budd K. (Associate 1913), Repr.. Elevator Supplies Co., 1515 Willow Ave., Hobo- ken. N. J.. and 233 Rose St.. Freeport. L. I., N. Y. STRANDWITZ, William J. (1919). Secy, and Treas. (for mail) Strandwitz & Scott, Inc.. 537-49 S. Second St.. Camden and Hawthorne 'Ave., Haddonfield. N. J. STROH. William H. (1921). Mgr., Heat. Dept., Bridgeman Co.. 120 South 30th St., and (for mail) . 5405 Chestnut St.. Apt. A, Philadelphia. Pa. STRONG, Ralph C. (1919), Salesman (for mail) 4515 Larchwood Ave., and Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp., 31st and Oxford Sts., Phila delphia. Pa. STROUSE, Sidney B. (1921). Dist. Mgr. (for mail)' Warren Webster' & Co.. 429 Guarantee Trust Bldg., and 140 S. Maryland Ave.. Atlantic City, N. J. SUITS, George A. (1920), Mgr., Hoffman Specialty Co.. 26 Stanley Ave., Medford. Mass. SULLIVAN, Daniel A. (1923). c/o Miller & Brady, Inc., 210 East 38th St., and (for mail) 2755 Cres- ton Ave., New York. N. Y. SUTCLIFFE, Arthur G. (Associate 1918; 1922), Engr., Ilg Elec. Vent. Co.. 2850 N. Crawford Ave., and (for mail) 4146 N. St. Louis Ave., Chicago. HI. SUTER, George (1921), Heat. Contr. (for mail) 210 E. Second St., and 1842 Barrett Ave., Sedalia, Mo. SUTTERLEY,_W. W. (1919), 503 North 52nd St., Philadelphia, Pa. ` SWANEY, Carroll R. junior 1921). Sales Engr. ' (for mail) 16 Fairfax St.. Somerville, Mass. SWARTWOUT. Jay D. (1917). Contr. Engr.. 349 S. Weadock Ave.. Saginaw, Mich. ' SWEENEY, Sylvester H. (1915). Engr. and Contr., 213-215 East 44th St.. New York. N. Y. SZEKELY, Ernest (1920). (Pres.. Cleveland Chapter) Consulting Engr. (for mail) 500 B. & R. T. Bldg., and 12537 Arliss Dr.. Cleveland. O. T TAGGART, Ralph G. (1912). Ch. Engr., Dept, of Archt. (for mail) 14 Lyon Ave., Menands. Albany, N. Y. '. TAIT, George M. (1909). Heat. Vent, and Sani tary Engr.. 34 W. First St.. Mansfield. O. TALIAFERRO, Robert R. (1919). (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp.. 1402 Land Title Bldg., and Beechwood Park. Philadelphia, Pa. TALLMAN, D. Stephen (1920), (for mail) D. S. Tallman & Co.. 3637 Boulevard, Jersey City, and 11 E. Gouveneur Ave.. Rutherford. N. J. TANGEMAN, Bruno W.' (Associate 1919). Mgr. (for mail) A. Y. McDonald Mfg. Co.. 221 Third St.. N.. and 2716 Aldrich Ave., S., Minneapolis. Minn. - TAPLIN, Neal W. (1921). Pres.. Taplin Furnace Co.. 1701 Clyde Park Ave.. S.W., and (for mail) 143 Cherry St.. S.E., Grand Rapids. Mich. - . 34 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 TAVERNA, Frederick F. (1924). Raisler Heat. Co.. 129 Amsterdam Ave., New York, N. Y. TAYLOR, Fred K. (1919). (for mail) Sales Dept.. Taylor Instrument Cos., 95 Ames St., and 111 Trafalgar St.. Rochester, N. Y. TAYLOR, Reginald F. (1915), Consulting Engr., R. F. Taylor. 1020 Western Indemnity Bldg., and 5742 Richmond Ave.. Dallas. Tex. TAYLOR, Thomas Smith (1921). (for mail) Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co.. Westinghouse Research Bldg.. E. Pittsburgh, and Forest Hills Rd.. Forest Hills, Wilkensburg. Pa. TAZELAAR, Peter (Junior 1916). Sales Engr. (for mail) Commonwealth Brass Corp., 48 East 41st St., New York, N. Y.. and 43 Fulton St.. Bloom field. N. J. TEMPLIN, Charles L. (1921). Engr., 204 Allen Bldg., and Scales and Graham Sts.. Raleigh, N. C. TENKONOHY, Rudolph J. (1923). Sales Engr. (for mail) American Blower Co.. 2136 Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh. Pa., and 37 Stevens Ave., Highland Park. Mich. TERRELL, Herbert A. (1915). Secy, and Treas.. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp.. 921 Lafayette Blag.. Philadelphia. Pa., and (for mail) Wenonah, N. J. TERRY, Frank W. (Associate 1923), Sales Engr.. Richmond Radiator Co., 1480 Broadway. New York. N. Y. THATCHER, George S. (1919), Pres, (for mail) Thatcher Heat. Co., 455 E. Exchange St., and 140 Morningside Dr., Akron, O. THEISEN, Edwin F. (1922), Pres, and Heat. Engr., Industrial Plbg. and Heat. Co.. 606 Second St., and (for mail) 1835 Des Moines St., Ft. Madison, la. THEORELL, Hugo G. T.* (1902). Consulting Engr.. 4 Skoldungatan, Stockholm. Sweden. THINN, Christian A. (1921). Asst. Sales Mgr. and Engr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. 230 E. Ohio St., and 1721 Humboldt Blvd., Chicago. 111. THOMAS, Bernard A. (Junior 1923), for mail) J. Hokom Co., Inc.. Heat. Dept., 4312 Moneta Ave.. and 4614 Fifth Ave., Los Angeles. Calif. THOMAS, Glegge (1923), Br. Mgr. (for mail) B. F. Sturtevant Co.. 900 F St.. N.W.. Washington. D. C., and Box 71, Route 1. Roslyn, Va. THOMAS, Herbert G. (1917). (Secy. Illinois Chapter) Sales Engr., Warren Webster & Co.. 549 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, and (for mail) 2312 Ridge Ave., Evanston. 111. THOMAS. Melvem F. (1909). Consulting Engr. (for mail) Rm. 30-34. 229 College St., and 80 Indian Rd., Toronto, Ont. THOMAS, R. H. (1920), Pres, (for mail) Economy Pumping Mach. Co., 122-124 N. Curtis St., Chicago, and 426 Forest Ave., Oak Park, 111. THOMPSON. Arthur W. (Associate 1920), 88 Analomink St.. E. Stroudsburg. .Pa. THOMPSON. James (1920), Pres, (for mail) Philadelphia Boiler Works, 1737 Filbert St., and Sunderland Apts., 35th and Powelton Ave., Phila delphia. Pa. THOMPSON, Nelson S.* (Junior 1897; 1917). Ch. Mech. and Elec. Engr., Office of Supv. Archt. U. S. Treas. Dept., and (for mall) 1615 Hobart St.. N.W., Washington. D. C. THOMPSON, William P. (1915), (for mail) Thompson Bros., 520 Buttonwood St., and 1319 - Colwyn SL, Philadelphia, Pa. THOMSEN, William T. (1919), Secy, and Treas. (for mail) 609-611 Tower Bldg., and 3408 Mag nolia Ave.. St. Louis, Mo. THORNTON, Roger T. (1919). Sales Engr. (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co.. 490 Broadway, and 108 Claremont Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. THRELFALL, William R. (Associate 1920), Pres.. W. R. Threlfall Eng. Co., 315 N. Main St., and (for mail) 146 S. Fountain St., Wichita, Kan. THRUSH, Homer A. (1918). Pres, (for mail) H. A. Thrush & Co., 21-23 E. River St., and 271 S. Broadway, Peru, Ind. THUEM, Adolph E. (Junior 1922), 12-14 Oak St., Weekawken, N. J. TIBBETS, John C. (1920). Heat, and Vent. Engr., B. & O. R. R- Co., 1303 B. & O. Central Bldg., Baltimore, and (for mail) EUicott City, Howard County, Md. .. TILDEN, Elwyn E. (1924), (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 220 Devonshire St., Boston, and Holbrook, Mass. , TIMM, William H. (1915), Consulting Engr. and Archt. (for mail) 726 Perry Bldg., and 3322 N. Park Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. TIMMERMAN, Manford M. (Junior 1921). Works Eng. Dept.. Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co., E. Pittsburgh, and (for mail) 859 E. Hut chinson Ave.. Swissvale, Pa. T1MMIS, Pierce (1920). Mech. Eng. (for mail) Dwight P. Robinson & Co.. Inc.. 125 East 46th St.. New York, and Little Neck Rd.. Douglas Manor, L. I.. N. Y. ' TIMMIS, Walter S.* (1911), (Council 1916,1917, 1920; 1st Vice-Pres. 1918; Pres. 1919) Consulting Engr. (for mail) 315 Fifth Ave.. New York, and Hillside and Homer Lee Aves.. Jamaica, N. Y. TINKER, William E. (Associate 1922), National Radiator Co.. 121 N. Broad St., and 600 South 48th St., Philadelphia, Pa. TISNOWER, William (1923). Heat. Engr. (for mail) Bd. of Education, Concord St. and Flatbush Ave., Brooklyn, and 640 Academy St.. Astoria, N. Y. TITZELL, J. Edgar (1923). Mgr., Eastern Dist. Sales Office, Gen. Boilers Co., 101 Park Ave., and (for mail) 132 West 88th St.. New York, N. Y. TJERSLAND, Alf. (Junior 1906; 1916). E. Sunde & Co.. Christiania. Norway. TOBIN, George J. (1905), Contr. Engr. (for mail) 187 North Ave.. and 510 Grant Ave., Plainfield, N. J. . TODD, James (1922), Pres, (for mail) Sterling Varnish Co.. 528 Fulton Bldg., Pittsburgh, and Sewickley, Pa. TODD, James M., (Junior 1924), (for mail) 617 Maison Blanche Bldg., and 2433 Pine St., New Orleans, La. ,, TOENNIGES, George C. (1915). Sales Engr., 3417 N. Lincoln St., Chicago, 111. TOOKER, Charles C. (1918). Heat. Engr.. 113 North 27th St., and (for mail) 208 Terry Ave., Billings, Mont. . TRANE, Reuben N. (1915), 1514 King St., La Crosse, Wis. TREAT. Edwin J. (Associate 1911; 1912). Auto force Vent. System, and 580 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, N. Y. . TREE, Russell T. (1921). Engr. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp.. 39 Cortlandt St., New York. N. Y. TRIPP, Louis H. (1915). 3721 Fulton St., N.W., Washington, D. C. __k ^ TRUITT, Joseph E. (Associate 1911; 1920), Pres., Autovent Fan & Blower Co.. 730-738 W. Monroe St., Chicago. 111. ,, TUCKER, Edw. J. (1923), (for mail) McDougail, Pease & Friedman. 85 Osborn St., and 23 Sussex Ave., Montreal. Que. - TUFFREE. Geo. E. (1924), Jas. P. Marsh & Co,. 118 S. Clinton St., Chicago. 111. . TURNO, Walter G. W. (Associate 1912; 1917). Engr. and Estimator, 71 Lafayette Ave.. East Orange, N. J. TUSCH, Walter (1917), Heat, and Vent. En . (for mail) Tenney & Ohme9, 101 Park Ave., New York, and 881 Sterling PI- Brooklyn. N. Y. TUTTLE, J. Frank (1913). Mgr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co- 220 Devonshire St- Boston, and Winchester, Mass. TWIST, Charles F. (1921), Ashwell & Twist, 2127 First Ave- Seattle, Wash. TYLER, Frank T. (1922), Mgr. (for mail) Esti mating Dept- Herman Nelson Corp., and 1615 Eighth Ave- Moline, 111. U UHL, Willard (1918), Sales Engr. (for mail) Uhl Co- 132 South 10th St., and 4716 Lyndale Ave.. S- Minneapolis, Minn. 35 Roll of Membership UHLHORN, W. J. (1920). Sales Engr.. Drying Systems, Inc., 11 S. Desplaines St.. Chicago, and . (for mail) 733 S. Highland Ave.. Oak Park, ill. UNDERHILL, William W. (1913), Treas., Stone- WALKER, James H.* (1916), Supt., Central Heat, (for mail) Detroit Edison Co., 2000 Second Ave., and 1520 Virginia Park, Detroit Mich. Underhill Heat. & Vent. Co., 171 Harrison Ave., Boston, and 15 Kenwood St., Brookline, Mass. UPINGTON, George P. (1917). Sales Engr., WALKER, William K. (Junior 1924), McKenzie. Voorhoos & Gmelin, 342 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. Clarage Fan Co., 149 Broadway. New York, and 770 Greene Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. WALLACE, Albert (1921), Mfgrs. Repr., A. Wallace & Co., 401 Jacobson Bldg., and (for mail) 2971 Irving St., Denver, Colo. ' WALLACE, George J. (1923), 206 East 57th St.. VAILE, Rawson (1921), Asst. Secy, (for mail) American Blower Co.. 6001 Russell St., and 4744 Second Blvd., Detroit, Mich. VALENTINE, Howard D.* (1924), Peoples Gas Light Bldg., 122 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. VAN ALEN, Walter T. (1924), Sales Eng. Heat. Dept.. Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co., 439 Water St., Pittsburgh, and (for mail) 3 T St.. New Brighton, Pa. . VANCE, Louis G. (1919), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., Gunther Bldg., and 3601 Garrison Ave., Baltimore, Md, VAN INWAGEN, Frank (1916), (for mail) Bond Dept., Corn Exchange National Bank, Chicago, New York, N. Y. WALLACE, John F. (1921), Secy, and Treas., Wallace Plbg. Co., 1238 Caifornia St., and 1320 S. Josephine, Denver, Colo. WALLICH, A. C. (1919), (for mail) BrunswickKroeschell Co., 1832 Gratiot Ave.. and 1211 E, Grand Blvd., Detroit, Mich. WALMSLEY, Chas. (Associate 1921), Sales Engr., D. & T. Mfg. Co.. 3001 La Salle St., and (for mail) 6714 Virginia Ave., St. Louis, Mo. WALSH, Arthur F. (Associate 1923), Heat, and Vent. Contr., A. F. Walsh, .7445 Exchange Ave.. and 7536 S. Shore Dr., Chicago. 111. WALSH, Joseph G. (1919), Sales Engr., 720 A. & R. Bldg., and 4406 Main St., Kansas City, Mo. VAN NORDEN, Ernest M. (1923), N. Y. Edison Co., 130 East 15th St.. New York. N. Y. VAN SICKLE, William B. (1915). Pres, (for mail) W. B. Van Sickle Co., 707 Frankfort Ave., Cleve land, and 2530 Grace Ave., Lakewood. O. VAN TINE, C. H. (1921), The DeVore Co., 908 Nicholas Bldg.. Toledo, G. VAN ZANDT, John H. (1914), Mfgrs. Agt. (for mail) J. H. Van Zandt Co.. 809 Southwestern Life Bldg., and 4416 Bryan St., Dallas, Tex. VAUX, Frederick J. (1919), Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr., Monitor Bi-Loop Radiator Co., 538 Woolworth Bldg., and (for mail) 202 E. King St., Lancaster, Pa. VAUX, Noble (Associate 1923), Heat. Engr., R. -T. Vaux & Son, 12 Fawcett St., and (for mail) 11 Holemelands Park S., Sunderland, England. VERNER, William F * (1913), (for mail) Mech. Eng., Verner. Wilhelm & Molby. 751 Book Bldg., Detroit, and 908 Lincoln Ave., Ann Arbor, Mich. VIVARTTAS, Eugene A. (1910), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 61 S. Portland Ave., Brooklyn, N.'Y. VOGELBACH, Oscar (1923), Warren & Wetmore Co., 17 East 47th St.. New York, N. Y.. and 195 Devon St.. Kearney, N. J. VOIGT, Charles O. (1921), Sales Engr., The Stearns. Roger Mfg. Co.. 1720 California St., and 768 Clayton St.. Denver, Colo. VOLK, Joseph H. (1923), Thos. E. Hoye Heat. Co., 1910 St. Paul Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. VOORHEES, Guy A. (1922), Engr., Century Heat. Service Co., 32-36 West 10th St., and (for mail) 3451 Broadway, Indianapolis. Ind. VOSE, Richard H. (1923). Johnson & Morris. 538 West 23rd St., New York, and (for mail) 18 Leland Ave., New Rochelle, N. Y. WALSH, Malcolm (1924), Secy, (for mail) Walsh & Wortheim, 55 W. Houston St., New York, and 332 St. Marks PI.. S. 1., N. Y. WALTERS, Arthur Lee (Junior 1924), Buck's Stove & Range Co., 3500 N. Second St., St. Louis, Mo. ' WALTERS, Victor (Junior 1924), Draftsman. I. C. R. R. Bldg. Dept., Dowie Bldg., and (for mail) 9036 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, 111. WALTERS, William T. (1917). Engr., Illinois Eng. Co., West 21st St. and Racine Ave., and (for mail) 9036 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, 111.- WALTHER, Harry J. (1919), Mgr. Heat Dept, (for mail) Henry B. Pancoast Co., 946-62 N. Front St., and 1125 Lindley Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. WALTHERTHUM, John J. (Associate 1922), J. J. Waltherthum, 173 East 62nd St., New York, N. Y., and 834 Grand St., Jersey City, N. J. WALTHER, Owen N. (1919), Treas. (for mail) York Heating & Ventilating Corp. 1502 Locust St., and Engineers' Club. Philadelphia, Pa. WALTON, Hiram L. (1916), Mech. Engr., Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, 800 Marquette Bldg., Detroit, and 218 Monterey Ave., Highland Park, Mich. WARD, Oscar G. (1919), (Secy. Colorado Chap ter) Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co.. 1228 California St., and 1515 E. Ninth Ave., Denver, Colo. ' "~ WARNKE, Fred E. (Associate 1921), Sales Mgr. - (f6r mail) Rm. 219, 5005 Euclid Ave.. Cleveland, and 2641 Taylor Rd- Cleveland Heights, O. WARREN, Clarence N. (1919). Vice-Pres. and Engr., Hayes Bros., Inc., 236 W. Vermont St., and (for mail) 419 East 48th St., Indianapolis. Ind. .' . W WASH, Wm. Percy (1923), Sales Engr. (for mail) Richmond Radiator Co., P. O. Box 381, and 131 WACHTER, John A. (1914), Engr.. Cuyler & Mohler, 611 William St., Baltimore. Md. Wellington Ave., Roanoke, Va. WATKINS, James A. (1919), Asst. Ch. Engr.. WADDINGTON, Bertram C. (1922), Dist. Mgr. American Blower Co., 6004 Russell St., and 9121 (for mail) Natkin Eng. Co., 706 World-Herald Bldg., and 105 Turner St., Omaha, Nebr. WADDINGTON, Earle C. (1917), Sales Engr. (for mail) Natkin Eng. Co., 208 Mutual BJdg., Third Ave., Detroit, Mich. WATTERS, Peter J. (1921). Mgr., John Watters. 67 Richmond Ave., and (for mail) 02 Ann St., Port Richmond. Staten Island,-N. Y. and 3230 Tracy Ave.. Kansas City, Mo. WADLEY, Calvin Page (1919), Pres, (for mail) WEAGER, T. A. (1920). Mgr. Cleveland Office (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co., Rockefeller B-dg.. Excelso Soecialty Works. Inc., 119 Clinton St., and 1165 Delaware Ave.. Buffalo, N. Y. Cleveland, and 3124 Berkshire Rd., Cleveland Heights, O. WAGNER, A. M. (1921). Mgr., American Radiator Co.. Cor. Prior and Minnehaha, St. Paul and WEBB, John S. (1920). Pres, (for mail) Willey & Calhoun Co., 46 Market St., and 45 Lincoln St., 1626 West 25th St. Minneapolis, Minn. Portland, Me. . WAGNER, John P. (Associate 1921), Pres, and WEBER, Erwin L. (1921), Consulting Engr. (for Gen. Mgr., Dowagiac Mfg. Co.. P. O. Box 95, Dowagiac. Mich. mail) 723 Seaboard Bldg., and 3046 18th Ave., S., Seattle, Wash. WALKER, James B. (1919), Secy, and Treas. (for WEBER, G. A. (1922), Heat. Engr. (for mail) ..mail) Pittsburgh Heat. Co.. 8 Wood St., and 202 Iroquois Apt., Pittsburgh, Pa. . McGinness, Smith Co., 435 Water St., Pitts burgh. and 188 Kendall Ave., Bellevue, Pa. 36' American Society o/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 WEBSTER, E. Kessler (1915), Secy, and Asst. Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 17th and Federal Sts., Camden, and 320 Washington WHITTEMORE, Edward H. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Lord Construction Co112 Water St.. Boston, and 12 Edgemont St.-. Ave.. Haddonfield. N. J. . WEBSTER, Warren (1906), Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Warren Webster & .Co., 17th and Federal Sts., and 626 Cooper St- Camden; N. J. Roslindale, Mass. WHITTEN, Herbert W.* (Associate 1908; 1909), Br. Mgr. (for mail) Chamberlin Metal Weather Strip Co- 619 East 13th Ave- and 1031 Harrison WEGMANN, Albert (1918), Blower and Vent. Engr.. A. & W. Wegmann, 2207 North 27th St and (for mail) 2842 N. Bonsall St,, Philadelphia, St. Denver. Colo. _' WHITTLESEY, Grant (1919). Power Plant Spe cialties (for mail) 844 Ellicott Sq.. and 458 Park- Pa. WEIBERT, Chas. J. (1921), (for mail) Weibert & Zibold Corp.. 331 Vanderbilt Ave., and 89 side Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. WHY, H. Berkeley (1919). Construction Engr. (for mail) 312 Earlham Terrace, Germantown, Lewis Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y. Pa. WEIDER, Frederick J. (1919), Mgr. and Treas. WIDDICOMBE, Robert A. (1903). 26 N. Jef Barr & Creelman Co., 74 Exchange St., and 40 ferson St., Chicago. III. Kenwood Ave.. Rochester, N. Y. WIEGNER, Henry B. (1919), Mgr., Johnson WEIMER, Fred G. (Associate 1919), Br. Mgr., Service Co., 31 Waltham St- Boston, and 77 Kewanee Boiler Co.. 834-5 Merchants & Mfgrs. Chester Rd- Belmont, Mass. Bank Bldg., and (for mail) 1308 Stowell Ave., WIGGINS, Carl H. (Junior 1924), R. F. Taylor, Milwaukee. Wis. ,' . WEINSHANK, Theodore* (1906).(Board of 1106 W. Indemnity Bldg- Dallas, Tex. . WIGGS, Gordon L. (Junior 1924), Mechanics Governors 1913), (for mail) Weinshank & Fen- Supply Co.. Ltd- Quebec. Que. stermaker, 821 Hume-Mansur Bldg., and 2341 WILBUR, Edwin R. (1921). Salesman (for mail) N. Delaware St., Indianapolis, Ind. Morgan-Gerrish Co- 501 Sixth St- S,, and 2902 WELAMB, Victor N. (1918). Contr.. V. N. James Ave., S- Minneapolis, Minn. Welamb Co.. 135 North 22nd St., and (for mail) WILCOX, Oscar H. (Associate 1917), Salesman. ' 1741 North 33rd St., Philadelphia, Pa. WELKER, Arthur E. (1918), Price & Welker. 707 Ideal Furnace Co- 530 Jefferson Ave- and (for mail) 2545 Canton Ave.. Detroit, Mich. Canal Rd.. Cleveland, and 1299 Hall Ave., Lake WILCOX, William (1916), Dist. Engr. (for mail) wood, O. _ .. WELSH, Harry S.* (1906), Pres, and Mgr.. Boiler Whitlock Coil Pipe Co- 514 Atlantic AveBoston. and 7 Biitmore St- Jamaica Plain, Mass. & Radiator Corp., Davis Bldg., 154 East Ave., WILD, Walter H. (Associate 1921). Mfgr. Agt. (for and 4 Lake View Terrace, Rochester, N. Y. mail) General Boilers Co- 1325 Land Title Bldg- WENDT, Edgar F. (1918). Vice-Pres. and Treas. Philadelohia. and 122 Cynwyd Rd- Cynwyd, Pa. (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co., 490 Broadway, and WILDE, Ray S. M. (1916). Consulting Engr. (for 731 Lafayette Ave.. Buffalo. N. Y. mail) 305 Huron Bldg- Detroit, and 194 Con WENDT, Henry W. (1917>, Pres, (for mail) necticut Ave., Highland Park, Mich. Buffalo Forge'Co.. 490Broadway, and 633 Lafayette Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. WILDER, Edward L. (1915), Mgr. Industrial Sates Dept, (for mail) Rochester Gas & Elec. WF.SCHLER, Geo. A. (1923). Prof, of Mech. Corp- 34 Clinton Ave- N- and 16 Ericsson St- Engr. (for mail) 820 Transportation Bldg- and Rochester, N. Y.` 1243 Monroe St- N.E.. Washington, D. C. WEST, Perry* (1911). (Council 1920-1923; Treas. WILEY, Chas. S. (1921). Heat, and Vent. Engr., Eastman Kodak Co- Kodak Park, and 239 Mul 1924) Consulting Engr. (for mail) 13 Central berry St- Rochester, N. Y. Ave- and 322 Park Ave- Newark. N. J. , WILEY, Edgar C. (1909). Consulting Engr., WHEELER, Charles W. (1916). Br. Mgr. (for Wiley & Wilson, Lynchburg, Va. mail) C. A. Dunham Co- 910 May Bldg- Pitts WILLARD, Arthur C.* (1914). Prof, of Heat, and burgh. and Allison Park, Pa. WHEELER, Kenneth E. (1922), (lor mail) St. Vent, and Head of Dept, of Mech. Eng. (for mail) University of Illinois, and 1208 W. Cali Stephen's House, Westminster, London, S.W. 1- fornia Ave- Urbana. 111. ,, and 38 Hanover House. St. John's Wood. WILLIAMS, Allen W. (Associate 1915), Secy- London, N.W. 8. England. National Warm Air Heat, and Vent. Assn- 52 WHEELER, Otto J. (1923), Mgr. and Secy- W. Gay St- Columbus, O. Samuel A. Esswein Heat. & Plbg. Co- 96 W. WILLIAMS, J. Walter (1915), Pres, and Treas.. Broad St., and (for mail) 504 Linwood Ave- Forest City Plbg. Co- 332 E. State St- Ithaca. Columbus, O. . ^ WHEELOCK, Harry C. (1919), 118 College St., N. Y. WILLIAMSON, Arthur H. (Associate 1915). Burlington. Vt. ,, ,, .. WHELAN, William J. (1923), Harngan & Reid, Mgr- American Radiator Co.. Broadway and Grand River Ave., Barium Bldg., and 1242 1705 First St- Detroit, Mich. WHELLER, Harry S. (1916), Vice-Pres- L. J. Wing Mfg Co- 352 West 13th St.. New York, N. Y.. and (for mail) 230 Stiles St., Elizabeth, Glynn Court, Detroit, Mich. . . WILLIAMSON, Fred W. (1914), Consulting Engr- 324 New York Ave- Brooklyn, N. Y. WILLIAMSON, George R. (1920). Sales Engr- The Mouat Co- 1246 W. Fourth St- and (for N. J. WHITBY, Stephen S. (Associate 1922), Treas., mail) 360 East 105th St- Cleveland. O. WILLIS, F. H. (1921), Ch. Engr.. Heat, and Vent. Culbert-Whitley Co- 1503 Sansom St., Phila Div., Wm. N. Bowman Co- R. 914, Central delphia. Pa., and (for mail) 208 Yale Rd., Audu - Savings Bank Bldg- 1111 Jackson St- Denver, bon, N. J. ' WHITE, Everett A. (1921). Mgr. Heat. Dept, (for WILLIS, Ralph P. (1923). Herman Nelson Corp- mail) Crane Co-- 30 South 16th St-- and 4253 ' 5ll Duffy Powers Bldg- Rochester, N. Y. Juniata St., St. Louis, Mo. WILMOT, Charles S. (1919), Research Engr. and WHITE, Elwood S. (1921), Pres, and Treas. (for Works. Mgr., Monitor Bi-Loop Radiator Co- mail) Thermal Appliance Co,, Inc., 342 Madison Harrisburg Ave., Lancaster. Pa- and (for mail) Ave., New York, and 18 North Lane. Glen Cove. 203 Second Ave.. Haddon Heights, N. J. . L. I.'. N. Y. WILSON, Benjamin W. (1922). Heat, and Vent. WHITE, Harold A. (Associate 1923), Mulley & Engr- Ballinger Co- S.E.. Cor. 12th and Chest White, 245 Greenpoint St- New York, and (for nut Sts- and (for mail) 846 Perkiotnen St- Phila- . mail) 852 Knickerbocker Ave- Brooklyn, N. Y. WHITELEY, James (1919). Consulting Engr.. delnhia, Pa. .. , ^ WILSON, Charles H. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Whiteley & Sanders. 3000 Grand River Ave.. Engr- Fuller & Warren Co- and (for mail) 468 and 520 Navahoe Ave., Detroit. Mich. WHITEMAN, W. R. (Associate 1921). Salesman, Ozone Pure Airifier Co- 1401 W. Jackson Blvd- Chicago. 111. Pawling Ave- Troy, N. Y. .. _ WILSON. Ernest J. F. (1923). Consulting Engr., Wiley & Wilson, 908 National Bank Bldg.. Lynchburg, Va. 37 Roll of Membership WILSON, Eugene K. (1919), (for mail) Wilson & Co., 1017 Duke St.. and 12 Lafayette Blvd., Norfolk, Va. WILSON, Frederick A. (L910), (for mail) 728 Rogers Ave., Brooklyn. N. Y. WILSON, Harry A. (1903), Moosup, Conn. WILSON, I. J. (Charter Member), Consulting Engr., 5514 Paschall Ave.. Philadelphia, Pa. WILSON, William H. (Associate 1923), Mgr. Wis- Bi. (lor mail) Johnson Service Co,-, 149-159 Michigan St., and 431 Olive St.. Milwaukee. Wis. WINTER, Frank M. (1921), Sales Repr. (f0r mail) Pittsburgh Water Heater Co., 131 E. Sixth St., Los Angeles, and 7353 Jasmine Ave., Palms. Calif. WINTERBOTTOM, John W. (1915). Vicfi-Pres. and Engr.. Lock Box 2045 Sta. A.. Waterloo. Ia. WINTERBOTTOM R. F. (Associate 1923), In land Supply Co.. 4630 W. Augusta St., Chicago. 111., and (for mail) P. O. Box 2217, Sta. A, Water loo, la. WINTERER, Frank C. (1920), Heat. Dept, (for mail) Cochran-Sargent Co., Fifth and Sibley Sts., and 836 Juno St., St. Paul, Minn. WINTERER. Raymond J. (1919). Mgr.. Heat. Dept., Crane & Ordway Co., Fifth and Rosabel Sts., and (for mail) 197 S. Fairview St., St. Paul, Minn. . WISE, Frank W. (Associate 1918), Engr. (for mail) General Boilers Co., 1627 Main St., and 2800 Independence Ave., Kansas City, Mo. WISE, Mason W. (1923J, Mgr. (for mail) 215 Glenn Bids., and R. F. D. No. 2, Atlanta. Ga. WITKOWSKY, Fred A. (1920), Heat. Engr., 13712 Chautauqua Ave., N.E., Cleveland, O. WOHLMAN. Anton C- (Associate 1923). Pres, (for mail) Metal Equipment Co., 2033 West 106th St., and 1257 Beach Ave., Cleveland. O. WOLF, J. C. (1923). Bayley Mfg. Co., 732 Greenbush St., Milwaukee. Wis. WOLFE, Roy (1923). -Vice-Pres, and Engr. (for mail) Huffman-Wolfe Co.. 669 N. High St. and 150 Kunworth Rd., Columbus. O. WOLFF, Richard A. (junior 1915; 1919), Pres, (for mail) Wolff & Munier, Inc., 405 Lexington Ave., New York, and Hewlett, L. I., N. Y. WOLFSFELD, Charles F. (1923), Ch. Draftsman, Bd. of Education, Brooklyn and (for mail) Vista Ave., Bayside, L. I., N. Y. WOMRATH, George F. (1920). Bus. Supt. Min neapolis Bd. of Education, 305 City Hall, and (for mail) 3215 S. Irving Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. . WOOLLEY, Thomas R. (1916), Sales Engr., Woolley Eng. Sales Co., 661 W. Jefferson Ave., and (for mail) 920 Seward Ave., Detroit, Mich. . WOOLSTON, A. H. (1919). Ch. Engr., Bowers Bros. & Co., 2015 Sansom St., and 4815 North ' 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa. WOOLSTON, C. Elmer (1924), Bowers Bros. & Co., 2015 Sansom St.. Philadelphia, Pa. WORSHAM, Herman (Junior 1918). Sales Engr.. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp., 1144 prudential Bldg., and 37 Manchester PL, Buffalo. N. Y. WORTHING. E. (1923), Bayley Mfg. Co., 732 Greenbush St., Milwaukee, Wis. WORTHINGTON. Thomas (1922). Kewanee Boiler Co., 141 Albany Ave.. Toronto, Ont. WRIGHT, Harris H. (1917), Mgr- C. A. Dunham Co.. 1627 Main St., and 1214 E. GiJlham Rd., Kansas City, Mo. , WRIGHT. K. (1921). Mgr., Johnson Service Co.. 319 Gwynne Bldg.. Cincinnati. O. WYLIE, Howard McWllllam (Junior 1917), Vice- Pres. and Sales Mgr. (for mail) Nash Eng. Co., and 51 Elmwood Ave.. S., Norwalk. Conn. Y YAGER, John J. (1921), Pres- and Gen. Mgr.. Goergen-Mackwith Co., Inc., 817 -Sycamore St., and (for mail) 272 Carlton St., Buffalo, N. Y. YAGLOGLOU, Constantin P.*(1923), (for mail) A. S. H. & V. E. Research Laboratory. U. S. Bureau of Mines, and 3816 Pier St., Pittsburgh. Pa. YAMASAKI, Kanjiro (Associate 1923), Takata & Co.. Marunouchi, Tokyo, Japan, and (for mail) Takata & Co., 50 Church St.. New York. N. Y. YARDLEY, Ralph W. (1920) Asst. Supt. of Constr., III. Penitentiary Commission, 717 Heggie Bldg., Joliet. 111. YATES. Walter (1902). Managing Director, Mat thews & Yates. Ltd., Swinton, Manchester. Eng land. YOUNG, Robert L. (1915). Mech. Engr., JohnsManville, Inc.. 210 N. Broad St., and 522 N. 55th St., Philadelphia. Pa. Z ZECK, Alex. (1904). Mgr., A. Zeck & Son, Morgan town. W. Va. ZIEL, Herbert E. (1924). Albert Kahn. 1000 Marquette Bldg., Detroit. Mich. ZIMMER, George J. (1921). Engr. (for mail) Bryce Heat. & Vent. Co.. 415 Spitzer Bldg., and 2221 Maplewood Ave., Toledo. O. ZIRHUT, George A. (Associate 1922), Onarga. Plbg. & Heat. Co.. P. O. Box 33, Onarga. 111. ZOKELT, C. G. (1921), Partner (for mail) North west Engr. Co., 537 Central Bldg., and 2355 16th Ave., S., Seattle, Wash. ZOPATA, Edward L. (Associate 1924). Ch. Mech. . Draftsman. University of Michigan, 1310 Granger Ave.. Ann Arbor, Mich. ZUEHLKE. Rudolph (1923). (for mail) Zuehlke- ' Stoehr Heating Co., 236 24th St.. Milwaukee, and 579 1 5th Ave.. Wauwatosa. Wis. I 38 Summary of Membership Alabama............................ California.......................... Colorado............................ Connecticut............. ....... Delaware........................... District of Columbia.-- Florida.............................Georgia......... :................... Illinois................................ Indiana............................ Iowa.................................... Kansas............................... Kentucky......................... Louisiana......................... Maine................................ Maryland........... .............. Massachusetts. --........... Michigan--...................... Minnesota........................ Missouri............................ Montana........................... UNITED STATES ....... 4 ...... 17 ....... 25 ...... 21 ....... 5 ....... 14 ....... 1 ....... 16 ....... 220 ....... 32 ....... 10 ....... 10 ....... 3 ....... 2 ....... 3 ....... 22 ....... 81 ....... 114 ....... 57 ....... 112 ....... 5 Nebraska................................................. 5 New Jersey.............................................. 76 New York.......................................... 347 North Carolina..................................... 6 North Dakota........................................ 1 Ohio.......................................................... 109 Oklahoma............................................... 6 Oregon..... ................................................ 2 Pennsylvania.......................................... 298 Rhode Island................................. 7 Tennessee................................................ 6 Texas......................................................... 11 Utah........................................ 1 Vermont.................................................. 4 Virginia.................................................... 16 Washington............................................ 24 West Virginia......................................... 5 Wisconsin................................................ 41 Wypming-- _........................................... 1 ---------1740 FOREIGN COUNTRIES Canada.................................................... China....................................................... Denmark................................................ England--............................................... France..................................................... Germany-............................................. Ireland--................................................. Japan........................... ...........,............... New Zealand......................................... 62 6 2 22 2 1 1 3 1 Norway........ Russia.......... Sweden.... .. Switzerland Turkey......... 105 Total Membership..........................1845 SUMMARY OF MEMBERSHIP BY GRADES Honorary Members............................................................. Members.............................. 1483 Associate Members.............................................................. 233 Junior Members..................................................................... 128 1845 39 LIST OF MEMBERS Arranged Geographically UNITED STATES ALABAMA Birmingham-- Bunnell, E. W. Lichty, A. J. Lichty, C. P. Smith. V. A. CALIFORNIA Huntington Park-- Berg, A. H. Long Beach-- Hanes. J. W. E. Los Angeles-- Anderson. C. S. Helphingstein, O. Hubbard, A. M. Jones, E. A. Kilpatrick, W. S. Larimer. G. B. Moler, W. H. Thomas, B. A, Winter, F. M. Oakland-- Cummings, G. J. Pasadena-- Gifford, R. L. San Francisco-- Duncan, G. W., Jr. Haley, II. S. Krueger, J. I. Leland, W. E. COLORADO Boulder-- Erwin, J. P. Denver-- Adams. C. W. Bradbury, G. L. Brickey. J. P. Cullyford, F. S. Daly, J. H. Deranleau, R. L. Fielding. H. H. Foley, W. J. Fuller, R. K. Larimer, W. M. Michael, L. A. Pfieffer. J. F. Price, F. E. Pursell. H. E. Reuter, A. G. Steiner. J. G. Stoltenberg, T. R. Voigt, C. O. Wallace'} A. Wallace. J. F. Ward. O. G. Whitten, H. W. Willis, F. H. Colorado Springs-- McCarthy, T. CONNECTICUT Hartford-- Libby, L. R. . Purcell. A. J. Moosup-- Wilson, H. A. New Britain-- Cadwell, W. H. New Haven-- Dibble. A. B. Donnelly, W. C. Hoyt, W. B. Lockwood, E. H. New London-- Forsberg, W. . Hopson, W. T. Norton Heights-- Ashley, E. E., Jr. S. Norwalk-- Wylie, H. M. W. Springdale-- Broderick, J. F. Stamford-- Blackman, A. O. Wa terbury-- Byrnes, T. F. Ruppel, R. L. Ryan. T. F. Simpson. W. K. Sketly. J. F. Winsted-- Griffin, P. C. Hutton, W. DELAWARE Wilmington-- . Bulkeley, C. A. Gawthrop, F. H. Kershaw, M. G. Lownsbery, B. F. Schoenijahn, R. P. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ' Washington;-- Bradbury, C. R. . Coward, H. Dickinson, H. C. Febrey. E. J. Gardner, S. F. Goldstein, A. M. Miller, M. E. Munro, E. A. Munroe. E. K. Stock, E. L. Thomas. G. , Thompson, N.*Si>--... Tripp. L. H. . Weschler, G. A. FLORIDA Jacksonville-- Furman, C. W. GEORGIA Atlanta-- Alger, R. W. Baker, I. C. Beggs. D. T. Carder, W. W. Guest, P. L. Harbuck, J. H. Kent, L. F. Klein, E. W. Market, F. E. Pottinger, C. T. Rhodes. S. V. Wise. M. W. Columbus-- ' Denson, W. Dexter, MacD. Hartpence, C, C. 40 Decatur-- Kirby. W. C. ILLINOIS Bloomington-- Howell, L. Soper, H. A. Belleville-- Karr, T,, Jr. Champaign--- Brownell, C. D. Christopher-- Miller. H. N. Chicago-- . Allan. C. D. Allen, H. D. Amstein, A. W. Andel. F. J. . Aredberg, M. K. Armspach. O. W. . Atkinson, R. E. . Aubinger, E. W. . Baker, E. V. Barrows, C. E. Bennett, P. D. Benoit, W. E. Best, J. H. Black. F. C. Blomfeldt, A. A. Bloom, S. C. Boswin, G. A. Boylston, A. W. Boylston, J. Braun, L. T. Burger, J. C. Burns, W. A. Carnahan, G. C. Casey, B. L. Casserly, T. D. Chenoweth. W. H., Jr Cheyney, C. C. Claffey, E. J. Crawford, W. B. Crone, C. E. Currier, C. H. Cutler, J. A. Cutter, E. H. - Davis, F. R. Davis, J. H. . Deland. C. W. Dewar, J. G. Diebold, C. M. L. Doherty, J. Douglass, T. C. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Drinkwater, E. L. Dunham, C. A. Emmert, L. D. Ensing, R- M. Evans, C. E. Evans. R- S. Finan, J. J- Sr. Fleming, J. P. Furman, J. R. Gardner, W., Jr. Gemeny, W. J. Getschow, G. M. Getschow. R. M. Gilmore. R. E. Good, M. S. Gordon, E. G. Gossett, E. J. Graves, W. B. Grebe, H. W. Griffin, W. H. Gustafson, T. E. Haines, J. J. Hamilton, H., Jr. Hansen, J. Harris. H. A. Harrison, B. S. Hart. H. M. Hayes. J J. Hayward, R. B. Heck, G. L.. Jr, Heckel, E. P. Henrich. G. A. Herlihy. G. F. Herlihy, J. J. Hill, E. V. Hoier, W. V. Hoover, H. E. Hornung, J. C. Howatt. J. Hubbard. G. W. Impey, P. F. Jackson. C. J. Jenson. J. S. Johnson, C. W. Jolliffe. A. H. Jones, D. J. Jones, E. F. Kaiser. H. S. Keeney. F. P. Kehm, A. Kellogg. C. V. Kimbrough, H. C. Kirk, G. H. Kohlbry, E. G. Kroeger. A. Lagodzinski. H. J. Larson, j. M. Lautenschlager, F. Lees, H. K. Leonone. J. M. Lewis. S. R. Lindeman, R. F. Lippe. E. V. Lippman, O. S. . Lockhart. G. L. Luce, G. D,, Jr. . McCauley, J. H., Jr. McClellan, J. E. McConner, C. R. McDonnell, E. N. McEvoy, W. J. McFarland, W. P. McGregor. G. H. McLelland. H. B. Martin, A. B. Matchett. J. C. Mathis. E. Mathis, H. - Mathis. J. W. Matzen. H. B. Mehring. G. Miller! F. A. Miller. J. E. Milliken, J. H.. Monaghan, T. H. Montgomery, W. R. Moran, F. E. Murch, G. E. Muth, H. Naccy, H. M. Narowetz, L. L., Jr. Neiler. S. G.- Nelson, B. Newport, C. F. Nilson, A. Nulsen, C. A. ' O'Brien. J. H. Olsen, C. F. Pask, R. J. Pitcher, L. J. Pittsford, W. A. . Pope, S. A. . Pope, W. A. Powers, F. W. Richardson, A. H. Rielley, E. P. Rietz, E. W. Rogers, C. W. Rollins, F. D. Rosenbach. R- G. Ryan, H. B. Scheidecker, D. B. Sheriffs, W. A. Shultz, E. Simonsen, L. A. Small. J. D. Smith, G- P. Soper. I. N. Spielman, G. P. . Sprague, F. H. . Stannard, J. M. Stedman, C. N. . Stockenberg. R. Storm. E. S. Sutcliffe, A. G. Thinn, C. A. Thomas, H. G. Thomas, R. H. Toenniges. G. C. Truitt, J. E. Tuffree, G. E. ' Valentine, H. D. Van Inwagen, F. Walsh, A. F. Walters. V. Waiters, W. T. Whiteman. W. R. Widdicombe, R. A. Decatur-- Shorb, W. A. Edwardsville-- Blackmore, F. H. Elmhurst-- McKinnon, D. Evanston-- Chubb. J. E. Mauer, W, J. Geneva-- Atherton, G. R. Granite City-- Bergner, W. G. . Hubbard Woods-- Frank, J. M. Joliet-- Menk. R. W. Yardley, R. W. Kewanee-- Baker, E. E, Bronson, C. E. Dickson, R. B. LaGrange-- Ellis. W. C. Linn. H. R. Moline-- Nelson, H. W. Nordine, L. F. Otis, G. E. Tyler, F. T. ' Oak Park-- Alexander, A. D. Blanding, G. H. Chatterdon, B. W. Eaton, B. K. March, R. C. May, E. A. Muir, G. A. Uhlhorn, W. J. Olney-- French, B. P. Onarga-- . Zirhut, G. A. Peoria-- Robb, J. M. Urbana-- Giesecke, F. E. Willard, A. C. Waukegan-- Reynolds, H. M. Winnetka-- Ellis. E. E. INDIANA Elkhart-- Shreiner, D. C. Hammond-- Crannell, C. A. McQuiston, F. . Indianapolis-- . Ammerman, C. R. Cones. Benj. Fenstennaker, S. E. Gray, Wm. E. Hagedon, C. H. Hayes. J. G. LaFollette, B. F. Perham. S. H. Repp, H. L. Rotz, J. M. Seltzer. A. P. Shipp, C. C. Sprouil, H. E. Stitt, H. B. Voorhees. G. A. Warren, C. N- Weinshank, T. Lafayette-- Hoffman, J. D. Noland, R. W. Orth, J. W. Michigan. City-- Stockwell. W. R. Muncle-- Hutzel. M. H. Hutzel, V. C. Peru-- Terre Haute-- Prox, R. F. Washington-- Mewshaw, J. P. Myers. D. R. West Lafayette-- Bushnell, C. D. IOWA Ackley-- Nelson, G. O. Cedar Rapids-- Motejl, J. A. Clinton-- Brown, W. H. Dubuque-- Molo. H. E. . Fort Madison-- Theisen, E. F. Le Mars-- Mathey, N. J. Sioux City-- Orr. M. J. Waterloo-- Irwin, C. W. ' Winterbottom, J. W. Winterbottom, R. F, .KANSAS Emporia-- Bumap. C. W. Hill. C. H. Hutchinson-- Barnes, A. R. Independence-- Sellers! F. J. Lindsborg-- Holmberg. J. A. Manhatten-- Hull, B. R. Wichita-- O'Connor. J. M. Rae, T. W. Smith, E. C. Threlfall, W. R. 41 Roll of Membership KENTUCKY Louisville-- Lewis. J. C. Lissauer, A. W. Murphy. H. C. LOUISIANA New Orleans-- Cooper. M. A. Todd. J. M. MAINE Portland-- Fels. A. B. Merrill, C. J. Webb. J. S. MARYLAND Baltimore-- Adams, H. Berger. C. D. Corner. W. I. Dorsey. F. C. Eisert. H. Fogg. 0. H. Groscup, W. F. Huether. C. G. L. King. C. T. Kries. H. A. Leilich, R. L. McCrea. L. W. Moore. D. S. Posey. J. Pyles. J. W. Reeder. C. L. Vance. L. G. Wachter. J. A. Chevy Chase-- Cooley. M. S. Densmore. E. D. Drinker. P. Duquest, A. M. Dusossoit, E. A. Dwyer, J. P,, Jr. Foulds. P. A. L. Franklin, R. S. Gleason. G. H. Gilmore. F. P. Goodrich. C. F. Herrick. D. A. Hodgdon, H. A. Hosterman, C. C. Hubbard. A. Ingalls, F. D. B. Kellogg. A. Kenneally, V. J. Kimball. C. W. Kirmes. E. W. Lyle. E. T. McKenna. Wm. N. Mason, O. A. Matthews, C. R. MiUer. M. P. Mitchell. C. H. Myrick. J. W. H. Preble, J. J. Shaw, E. Shaw. R. E. Smallman, W. T. Stetson. L. R. Stone. E. R. Tilden. E. E. Tuttle. J. F. Underhill. W. W. Whittemore, E. H. Wiegner. H. B. Wilcox, Wm. Brookline-- Pierce. E. R. Cambridge-- Cox. C. J. Flint. C. T. Heath. F. R. Klonower, A. A. Norton, Prof. A. E. Howard County-- Tibbets. J. C. Everett-- McMurrer. L. J. Llnthlcum Heights--* Roger, G. H. Rockville-- Brunett. A. L. MASSACHUSETTS Arlington-- Connell. H. E. Fitchburg-- Karlson. A. F. Hyde Park-- Ellis. F. R. Scheibel, A. H. Lowell-- Foisy. G. A. Jenkins. H. E. Boston-- Abboud. A. Adams, D. Andrews, B. R. Bartlett. A. C. Barton, R. E. Boardman, W. E. Bostwick, C. G. Boyden, D..S. Brinton, J. W. Brooks. T. C. Bryant, Dr. A. G. Carey. J. J. Clough. L. Cooper, F. I. Dame. C. T. Davidson, P. L. Lynn-- Feehan, J. B. Morgan, F. H. Pool. S. H. Reardon, J. A. Medford-- Higgins, J. M. Suits, G. A. Melrose-- Smallman, E. W. Newtonville-- Jones. W. T. Pittsfield-- Robbins. L. G. Waverly-- Crocker, R. B. Wellesley Hill-- Gilling. W. F.. Jr. West Roxbury-- Roberts. W. L. West Somerville-- Swaney. C. R. Woburn-- Parker. P. MICHIGAN Ann Arbor-- Backus, T. H. L. Brender. P. E. Emswiler, Prof. J. E. Giguere, G. H. Hutzel. A. F. Zopata. E. L. Berrien Springs-- Bodtke, M. Detroit-- Addy. R. Benkendorf. R. Bishop. F. R. Boales, W. G. Brown. E. R. Calvert. N. W. Cassel. H. H. Chester, T. Clark, E. H. CLise, F. W. Cockburn, L. S. Collamore, R. Connell. R- F. Coon, T. E. Dauch. E. O. Davis. L. J. Decker. E. --------------- Degan. J. E. Diebolt. N. J. Dill. J. B. Donahue.. E. S. Downs. E. L. Dubry, E. Dwyer, J. V. Emerick, S. H. Ferris. D. M. Fuller, J. L. Goss. M. H. Graeff, R. J. Hamlin, H. A. Harms. W. T. Harrigan, E. M. Harris, E. E. Heydon. C. G. Hill, N. J. Hillman. R. W. Hogan, E. L. Hubbard. N. B. Johnson. F. W. Johnston, W. B. Kaplan. J. . Killian, M. A. . Knight. A. B. . . Lance. J. Linhard, H. V'. Little. C. W. Little. E. R. Locker, C. W. Lovelace. J. A. McColl. J. R. Mclntire, J. F. McLean, D. McNair. E. E. Marty, E. O. Meyer, J. W.; Jr. Miller. J. F. G. Morgan, C. S. Morgan, S. H. Morse, C. T. Paetz, H. E. Parrott, L. G. Partlan. J. W. Pattison. G. B. Peckham. R. R. Peterson. H. K. Petherick, D. H. Pittelkow, A. G. Purcell. R. E. Roney, T. G. Rowe. W. A. Russell. W. A. Saulson. S. . SchildmiUer. G. H. ShueU. F. W. Skagerberg, R. Smith, L. L. Snell. E. Snyder, J. W. Sodcrberg. C. H. Spitzley, R. L. Spurgeon. J. H. Vaile. R. Verner. W. F. Walker. J. H. Wallich, A. C. Walton, H. L. Watkins. J. A. Whelan. W. J. Wilcox. O. H. Wilde. R. S. M. Whiteley. J. Williamson. A. H. Wooley. T. R. Ziel. H. E. Dowagiac-- ' Firestone. J. F. Wagner, J. P. Grand Rapids-- Pearson. H. D. Taplin. N. W. Highland Park-- Foster, W. M. Holland-- Cherven, V. W. Kalamazoo-- Blaney. C. A. Kersjes, W. Monroe, L. O. Lansing-- Distel. F.. Jr. Pentwater-- Cartland. S. Saginaw-- Swartwout, J. D. Standish-- Burr. R. J. 42 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 MINNESOTA Duluth-- Page. S. H. Grand Forks-- Henschen, L. H. Minneapolis-- Blair. W. B. Brown, E. H. Brown. F. C. t Brown, J. H. ` Burns. E. J. Burritt, C. G. Challman, S. A. Clarkson, W. B. Conner.'M. Cowles, B. E. Cummins, G. H. Elliott, A. D. Fitts. C. D. Forfar. D. M. Foster, C. Gausman, C. E. Gaylord, F. H. Gerrish, H. E. Gordon, E. B., Jr. Hanson, L. C. Harris. J. B. Hasey. C. E. Hildebrandt, H. A. Huch, A. J. Jaynes, E. L. Martenis, J. V. Meyer, H. J. Morgan, G. C. Olsen, A. J. Porter, R. L. Probst, A. H. Ridler, H. C. Rollins, L. M. Rowley. F. B.` Ruff. D. C. Sanford, A. L. Sperzel, H. J. Tangem.au, B. W. Uhl. W. F. Wilbur. E. R. Womrath, G. F. St. Paul-- Adams, N. D. BredeSon, C. RBuenger. A. Cochran, M. M. Davis, H. Heagler, J. M. Jones, E. F. Otto. R. W. Rockart, E. RStewart, E. A. Spriggs. W. J. Wagner. A. M. Winterer, F. C. Winterer, R. J* MISSOURI Independence-- Cook. B. F. . Kansas City-- Arthur. J. M., Jr. Blodgett. W. H. Burton. C. A. Caleb. D. ,, Campbell. E. K. Clegg, Carl Cline, E. A. Cox, W. F. Dickson, G- P- Dodds. F. F. Downes. N. W. Dunlap, R. L. . Ellis. J. E. Fehlig, J. B. Fiske, T. D. Gillham, W. E. Gorton, G. H. Graham, E. H. Griffin. F. A., Jr. Hale, F. M. Hauser. M. Hayes. P. M. Hitchcock. F. P. Johnson, R. B. Joyce. W. P. Kitchen, F. A. Kitchen, J. H. Laurie. R. J. McDonald, J. C. McIntyre. W. N. McKeighan. E. E. Millis. L. W. Morse. H. C. Natkin, B. Naylor, B. C. Nottberg, H. Mi Painter, D. H. Parks. V. H. Pease. J. G. Pines. S. Reed. W. D. Sheppard. F. A. Stackhouse, R. M. Stephenson. L. A. Stewart, R. G. Waddington. E. C. Walsh, J. G. Wise. F. W. Wright, H. H. Kirkwood-- McMorran, F. J. Liberty-- Dudfield, A. St. Joseph-- St. Louis-- Baetz, H. Bayse. H. V. Bowers, J. S. Bradley. E. P. Bradley, J. T. Breitenbach, W. J. Cook. C. D. Cooper. J. W. Croft. T. De Nellie, J. L. Edwards, D. F. Eichler, A. - Falvey, J. D. Forgan. D. M. Foster. J. M. Gale. T. J. C. Gallaher, J. E. Graves. R. E. Griffin. J. J. Halter, A. L. HaUett. E. S. Halley, W. H. Hammer. H. M. Harris. H. W. Hester, T. J. Hooper. W. G. Huber, C. F. Humphreys. A. E. Keiser, W. * Kinealy, J. H. Klein. W. A. Legier, E. W. Lohman. W. J. McDonnell, G. PMeagher, J. F. Milward. R. K. Moon, L. W. Moritz, C. J. Mueller. B. H. Nader, J. H. Niestrath, W. H. Pickett, C. A. Quentin. E. H. Randle, J. E. Riley. A. H. Rosebrough, R. M. Sachleben, E. H. Schulze, B. H. Sodermann, W. C. Stammer, E. L. Thomsen, W. T. Walmsley, C. Walters. A. L. White. E. A. Sedalia-- Sellers, R. Suter, G. MONTANA Billings-- Cohagen, C. C. Tooker, C. C. Bozeman-- Powers. F. I. Bain, J. G. Haire, C. S. NEBRASKA Hastings-- Gedney, K. H. Omaha-- McCuIley, D. E. ' Merwin. G. E. Shea. M. B. Waddington, B. C. NEW JERSEY Atlantic City-- Nesbitt, A. J. Nesbitt, J. J. Strouse. S. B. Audubon-- Whitby. S. S. Bloomfield-- Anderson, H. J. Bogota-- Dailey. J. A. Heebner. W. M. Bridgeton-- Custer, A. E. Camden-- . Eveleth, C. F. Kappet, G. W. A. Und. C. C. Strandwitz, W. J. Webster. E. K. Webster, W. 43 Closter-- Atkinson, H. G. East Orange-- Crone, T. E. Heiles, F. C. Hunter. C. C. Schroth, A. H. Elizabeth-- Cornwall, G. T. Pearce, C. E. Wheller. H. S. Essex Fells-- Haddonfield-- Chew, I. Haddon Heights-- Wilmot, C. S. Hasbrouck Heights- Goodwin, S. L. Hoboken-- Strader, B. K. Jersey City-- Butler, P. D. Calahan, J. J. Jones, H. L. Ritchie, W. Tallman, D. S. . Walterthum, J. J. Jobstown-- Allinson, O. H. Kearney-- Vogelbach, O. Lyndhurst-- Ehrlich. M. W. Maplewood-- Cadmus. R. Smith. M. S. -Merchantvllle-- Binder, C. G. Newark-- Bailey. J. H. Bartlett, C. D. Beatty, D. J. Bentz, H. Bolling, J. E. Carrier. W. H. Duncan. J. R. Geiser, H. Janet. H. L. Jones. R. L. Kieb, A. A. Knapp. A. F. Lewis. L. L. Lindeman. H. Lyle. J. I. Noble, M. Soule. L. C. West, P. Roll of Membership North Bergen-- De Vore, M. J. Passaic-- Morris, C. R. - Paterson-- Pryor, F. L. Plainfield-- MacDougall. B. W. Tobin, G. J. Ridgefield-- Davis, A. C. Riverton-- Brunt, T. B. Short Hills-- Fouilhoux, J. A. Trenton-- Black. J. Black, J. J. A. Piper, A. . Piper, E. R. W. Russell. W. E. Weeha wken-- Thuem, A. E. Wenonah-- Terrell, H. A. West Hoboken-- Reichwald, C. W. Woodlynne-- Deckman, E. M. NEW YORK Albany-- Hynes, L. P. Murray, T. F. Ryan. H. J. Taggart, R. G. Ams terdam-- Dwyer, F. A. Brooklyn-- Atwater, L. W. Bender, C. P. Blest. F. S. Crutchley, E., Jr. Dwyer, T..F. Emery, W. D. Gornston, M. H. Grotz, A. B. Hanley, J. H,, Jr. Hinchman, E. G. Kiewitz. C. McCann, F, G. McCloskey, J. Mandeville, E. W. Moss, E. . Musaus, J., jr. ' Norton, T. Phillips. F. W.. Jr. Richardson, F. J. . Robertson, G. A. Ruppert, E. H. Scollay, U. G. Seward, P. H. Shay, R. A. Siegel, L. Snyder, C. B. J. Soling, W. Tisnower, W. Upington, G. P. Vivarttas. E. A. Weibert, C. J. White. H. A. Wilson. F. A. Williamson, F. W. Buffalo-- Ahlff, A. A. Booth. C. A. . Bresnahan, J. J. Case, E. W. Cherry, L. A. Criqui, A. A. Danforth, N. L: Dempsey, H. P. Dillman, E. J. Drake, G. H. Dyer. O. K. Eddy, E. J. Eggleston, L. W. Evans, C. A. Farnham, R. Farrar, C. W. Flink, C. H. Frank. O. E. Frank. G. W. Fraser, W. G. Gibbs, H. E. Harding, L. A. Hedley, P. S. Howell, F. B. Hutzel, H. F. Jackson, M. S. Johnson, J. A. Kamman, A. R. Landers, J. J. Landon, A. A. Laperle, L. G. Love. C. H. Monin, E. H. Mosher, C. H. Padginton, G. Quigley, W. J. Reinhard, E. L. Riley, D. H. Ruckel, J. B. Scheer, F. W. Schoepflin, P. H. Thornton, R. T; Wadley, C. P. Wendt, E. F. Wendt. H. W. Whittlesey. G. Worsham. H. Yager. J. J. Dunkirk-- Sawade, C. A. Eastwood-- Longwell, H. E, Elmira-- Davenport. E. A. Davis. B. C. Frutchy, A. E. McGlenn, G. R. Freeport-- Ellison, J. H. Geneva-- Herendeen, F. W. Glens Falls-- Robinson, A. G. Harrison-- Schluter, H. . Hastings-on-Hudson-- Reynolds, T. W. Hempstead-- Hinkle, E. C. . Herkimer-- Ertman, B. R. Irvington-on-Hudson-- Angell, W. T. Bastedo, A. E. Kittle, F. C. Ithaca-- Chapman, F. T. ' Chase, J. M. Child, E. T. Clark. W. D. (Richmond Hill, L. I.) Cosgrove, W. M. Cullen. H. J. (Jamaica. L. I.) Darts, J. A. Davis. P. L. (Jamaica. L. I.) Devereux, L. W, Dill. H. O. Dillon. H. R. Donnelly, J. A. Donnelly, R. * Donoghue, J. J. Dornheim, G. A. (L. I. City) Driscoll, W. H. Sawdon, W. M. Williams, J. W. Kingston-- Meyer, J. S. Larchmont-- Gayior, W. S. Lockport-- Bishop, C. R. Morton-- Stangland. B. F. Mt. Vernon-- Hunt. R. B. Martin. J. H. Obert. C. W. . New Rochelle-- Vose. R. H. New York City-- Abrams, A. Addams, H. Adler, A. A. * Allen, D. M. Ailing, H. W. Almirall, J. A. Amiral, J. H. -- --_ Angus, R. A. Armagnac, A. S. Bachler, L. J. Bailey. W. C. Bampton, C. M. (Hollis. L. I.) Barrett, L. L. Barwick, T. Baum, A. L. Beebe, F. E. W. Bennitt, G. E. Berman, L. K. Binder. I. Birch, H. A. Blackmore. J. J. Blizard, J. Bloom. W. Bolton, R. P. Booth, H. N. Brassington, A. F. Brennan. T. P.` Browne, A. L. Brunner, H. Buensod, A. C. . Callahan, M. J. (L. I. City) Carpenter, R. H. . Carty, T. ,' Cary, A. A. Chadeayne, G. D... Durand. W. L. Eadie. J, G. Easterbrooks. C. C. Edelston, S. H. Emerson, R. R, Engle, A. Engle. H. J. Evans, W. A. Feldman, A. M. Fitz, G. L. Fleisher. W. L. Fletcher, S. W. Forgee. F. A. Frederick, L. M. Friedman, A. (Corona, L. I.) Fuller, C. A. Glore. E. F. Goldberg, H. M. Goldschmidt, O. E. Gombers, H. B. Goodnow. W. F. Greason, D. R. Green. C. E. Grill. G. E. Gunnarson, C. R. Hankin. R. Harbula. M. G. Heatherton, J. M. Hedges, H. B. Hoffman, G. D. Hook. M. G. Houghten, F. C. ' Hunter, W. S. Hyman. W. M. Innis. H. R. Ireland, T. H. Issertcll, H. G. . . Jacobus. Dr. D. S. Jalien. J. J. Johnson, E. B. (W. New Brighton, S. I.) Kahn. H. P. Keasbey, A. P. Keenan. P. F. Kellogg. T. M. Keyes. R. E. Kiewitz, A. A. (L. I. City) Kimball, D. D. Kirk. L. G. Klauss, L. J. . (Farmingdale, L. I.) Knowles, A. F. Koithan. W. S. Lawrence, C. E. ' I^eCompte, W. G. Lucke. C. E. McKiever, W. H. McMahon, W. W. McMillan. L. B. Macon, W. W. Maier, G. M. 44 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Marshall. H. H. N. Tonawanda-- (Garden City, L. I.) Martin, G. W. Kline. W. J. Matthiessen, H. G. F. Medway, F. J. Oswego-- Merritt, J. H. Meyer, H. C.. Jr. Lockett, J. W. Miller. C. A. Miller, R. B. Port Chester-- ' Molby, E. C. (Forest Hills, L. I.) Donovan, J. E. Munier, L. L. Musselman, J. F. . Nichols, G. B. Poughkeepsie-- Nicol, N. C. Norton, F. W. Oaks, O. O. O'Donnell, T. J, Doherty, J. JHawley. E. F. Miller, L. Offner, A. J. Ohmes, A. K. Rochester-- Olvany. W. J. Oswald, W. L. Parkhill, D. Parter, S. C. . ' Patomo. S. A. S. Peabody, E. H. Peacock, J. K. . Petersen, G. Pfuhler. J. L. (W. New Brighton, S. I.) Pieron, A. (Glendale, L. I.) Pinder, P. H. , Pryor, R. W. Purinton, D. J. Quirk. C. H. Aronwits, W. Beecher, P. M. Coe, I. B. Coe, R. T. Devendorf. W. F. DeWotf. R- DDobson, G. G. Graham, W. D. Roebuck, W., Jr. Steim, C. J-. Jr. Taylor, F- K. Weider, F- J. Welsh. H. S. Wilder, E. L. Wiley. C. S. Willis, R. P. Rainger, W. F. Raisler, S. Round Lake-- Reed. J. F. Riblet. W.-H. Clifton. W. A. Richardson, D. R. Riley. C. L. . Scarsdale-- Ritchie, E. J. 9 Ritter. A. . Janes. A. Rodman, R. W. Ross. J. O. Schenectady-- Rudio, H. M. Russell, W. A. Harbison. E. J. Schloss, N. L. Schmidt, G. G. Syracuse-- Schneider, C, * Scott, C. E. Ach'eson, A. R. Bradley, R- H. Driggs, L. L. Siegel, j. F. Tomkinsville-- Skriloff. E. Spofford, H. H. R. Heap, W. E. Spooner, H. R. (Hollis, L,. I.) ' Troy-- Steinke. G. B. Stern, H. R. Still. F. R. Brown, S. J. Wilson, C. H. Sullivan, D. A, Sweeney, S. H, Taverna, F. F. Tazelaar, P. Terry. F. W. Timmis, P. Timmis, W. S, Titzell, J. E.- Treat, E. J. Tree. R- T. xter, R. A. andeles. H. J. ntwell, W. T.. Lmjy, P< W. lghes. W. C. )rris, E. irris. T. K. Tusch, W. Van Norden. E. M. Walker, W. K. Wallace, G. J. Walsh, M. Watters. P. J. West Point-- (Port Richmond, S. I.) White. E. S. Bryant, P. J. Wolff. R. A. . Wolfsfeld, C. F. Yonkers-- (Bayside. L. I.) Kelly, J. G. NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte-- Christian, C. W. Cuyler, D. H. Hackney, H. Greensboro-- Stark, I. S. Raleigh-- . Templin, C. L. Winston-Salem-- Bahnson, F. F. NORTH DAKOTA Fargo-- .' Kurke, W. F. Mayer. R. S. Morgan, R. H. Mouat. T. G. Nobis, H. M. Osmon, T. R. Pierce, F. J. Preston, B.- B. Pugh, E. C. Quay, D. M. Rather, M. F. Starks, V. E. Szekely, E. Van Sickle, W. B. Warlike, F. E. " Weager, T. A. Welker, A. E. Williamson, G. R. Witkowsky. F. A. Wohlman, A._C. Cleveland Heights-- Heinle. E, L. Neitzel, C. W. OHIO Akron-- Humphrey, D. E. Kammerer, W. C. Standford, L. E. Thatcher. G. S. Cincinnati-- Bostain. J. C. Doyle, W. J. Green, W. C. Grier, W. . Jordan, C. F. Kiefer. C. J. Schlemmer, O. H. Stanwood, J. B. Wright, K. Cleveland-- Adrianse, P. R. Anderson, E. L. Bacon. J. H. Barth. H. E. Becker, A, L. Beyer, J. E. . Bray, D. S. Bridges. F. G. . Brueggeman. A. R. Bushnell. T. H.t Jr. Clark, H. J. Clark, R. L. Clark, W. C. Clark, W. C. M. ' Colby, C. W. Cowan, R. A. Craighead, E. W. Daugherty. F. M. Davis, R- G. . Deex, C. J. Empkey, G. J. Farley, J. W. Farnham, G. D. Fisher, H. J. Foote, M. L. Friday, L. M. Goins, E. H. Gottwald, C. Green, W. C. Gros Claude, F. W. Harrison, J. M. Hautz, E. H. Kinner, J. E. Kissick, J. J. . Kiie. W. ' Leonhard, F. - Mason. J. J. . Columbus-- Babbitt, E. C. Brown. A. I. Erickson, H. A. Mackensen, W.,H. Richards, F. A. . Wheeler, O. J. Williams, A. W. Wolfe, R. Dayton-- Brusman, H. M. Gibbons, M. J., Jr. Haas, W. - Hoersting, F. J. Mead, W. R. Lakewood-- . Chapman, D. W. . Maurer, E. D. Lorain-- Butler, T. F. Mansfield-- Joyce, H, B,- Martins Ferry-- Michael, J. P. Ravenna-- Franzheim, G. W. -Rocky River-- Alexander, C. M Sandusky-- Appell, A. O. Toledo-- Baker, H. C. Boeddner, G. Bryce. J. W. Bryce, S. D. Gibbs. F. C. Holmes, J. Mullen. F. J. Rogers, A, C. Vantine, C. H. Zimmer, G. J. 45 Roll of Membership Warren-- AUen, L. E. Moser, P. F. Moulder, A. W. Youngs town-- Choffin, C. C. OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City-- Butler, C. Dolan, R. G. Hunt, P. M. Loeffler, F. X. Muskogee-- Skinner, H. W. Tulsa-- Jones. E. OREGON La Grande-- Anderson, S. A., Jr. Portland-- McPhearson, C. J. PENNSYLVANIA Alleghany County-- Blackmore. G. C. Allentown-- Bue), H. G. Hersh, E. E. Hersh, G. W. Korn, C. B. LeBeau. J. F. Lutts, C. W. Bala-Cynwyd-- Barr, G. W. Berwyn--Sewell, J. M. Bridgeport-- Longnecker, H. J. Brookline-- Pisel, J. W. Chamber8burg-- Mehaffey, W. C. Chester-- Boyd. W. R. Jones, I. R. Cannonsb urg-- Edwards, C. H. Collegeville;-- Miller, W. C. Conshohocken-- Farnsworth, F. C. Drexel Hill--Del. Co. Jones, L. T. Emaus-- Reese, H. L. East Stroudsburg-- Thompson, A. W. Erie-- Gannon, J. E. Germantown-- Huckel, F.. Jr. Reeves, C. G. Glenside-- Davis, B. H. Harrisburg-- Eicher, H. C. Geiger. I. H. Koehler, G. T. Kressly. M. E. Miller, T. G. Indiana-- Lumsden, E. R. Johnstown-- Rinkenberger, G. Kirklyn, Del. Co.- Long. J. A. ' Lancaster-- Grossman. H. M. Holbrook. F. M. Huzzard. E. C. Vaux. F. J. Lansdale-- Mott. A. C-, Jr. Mott, A. C.. Sr. McKeesport-- Dugan, T. M. Mt. Airy-- Gomel sail, W. H. New Brighton-- Van Allen, W. T. Norristown-- Frost. R. V. Gormly, J. Gormly. P. Oil City-- Heagerty. W. H. Philadelphia-- Adams, B. Anderson, C. A. Arnold, R. S. Bachler. H. C. Bailey, E. G. Bateman, W. H.. Jr. Beahm, R. B.. 2nd Black. E. N. Black. H. G. Bogaty. H. S. Bolsinger, R. C. Boon, G. Borden, J. M. Bornemann. W. A. Boucher, M. F. Boyd, D. K. Breen, J. W. Brogan, J. J. Brogan, W. J. Buck, M. S. Burns, R. D. Burt, J. E. Carstens, E. Cassell, J. D. Cavileer, J. V. Clarkson. R. C., Jr. Cooper, T. W. Culbert, W. G. Darnbly, A. E. Dealy, V. F. Dodd, S. M. Dome, W. R. Doyle. C. J. Dunlap, W. G. Eagan, G. A. Eckardt, C. A. T. Edgar, A. C. Feige. H. W. Feltwell, R. H. Fest. L. T. Fleming. T. C. Francis, I. H. Francis. W. C. Galligan, A. B. Galligan, J. H. Gant. H. P. Gibson, J. H. Gilbert. M. F. Giles, E. H. Glassey, J. W. Gretzinger, F. Grumbein. I. F. Hackett, C. P. Hackett, H. B. Hale, J. F. Hanson. H. A. Haynes, C. V. Hellerman, H. H. Hering, J. B. Hershey, J. C. Hess. H. L. Hetherington, E. T. Hibbs. F. C. ` Hoben, R. J. Holloway, R.J3L_ Homann. F. A. - Hopkin, W. E. Hopwood. A. M. Houpt, G. A. Howley. J. G., Jr. Hucker. J. H. Hughes, J. T. Hunter, H. Q. Hurley. J. C. Hutchison. J. E. Hutchison, J. H. IckeringiU, J. Iddies, A. Jellett. S. A. John, B. F. Jones, R. E. Jones. W. R. Kauffman, R. Kauffmann, F. F. Keating, D. J. Kellogg, H. D, Kipe. J. M. Kline. G. W.. Jr. Knowlton. D. W. Kriebel. A. E. Levin, J. Lewis, G. C. Lewis, T. Liner, J. J. Locke. H. W. l<ong. J. . Lord. F. R. Loughery, G. B. Lunn, W. R. Lyman, S. E. McCarthy, C. J. McClintock, A., Sr. McClintock, A., Jr. McClintock, J. L. McCormick, E. T. McElwee, H. J.. Jr. McGowan, T. F. MacDade, A. H. Mappett, A. S. Marine, J. D. Mellon. J. T. J. Mensing, F. D. Mervine, T. R. Minnich, H.'S. Monday. C. E. Moody. L. E. Morgan, R. C. Murphy, E. T. Murphy. W. R. Myers, G. W. F. Nelson, F., Jr. Nesdahl. E. Nunon, J. F. Nusbaum, L. Officer, H. S. Ogelsby. W. P. Paine. L. G. Patterson, D.- F. Pease. H. H. Perkins. F. C. Phillips, F. T. Plewes, S. E. Porter. B. A. Reuss, E. H., Jr. Rice, E. T. Rice, W. W. Roberts, H. L. Rothrock, J. T. Sabin, E. R. Sanbern. E. N. Sanville, C. P. Scanlon, J. J. Schopp. W. J. Setzer, W. C. Shaw, C. E. Sheffier. M. Smith, L. F. Smith, W. F. Sommer. L. J.. Jr. Sparks. F. B; Speckman. C. H. Stewart, C. W. Stone, G. F. Stioh. W. H. Strong. R. C. Sutterley, W. W. Taliaferro, R. R. Thompson, J. Thompson. W. P. Timm. W. H. Tinker, W. E. Walther, H. J. Walther. O. N. Wegmann, A. Welamb, V. N. Why. H. B. Wild, W. H. Wilson, B. W. Wilson, J. J. Woolston, A. H. Woolston, C. E. Young, R. L. Pittsburgh-- Anderson, F. P. Arthur, H. W. Aston, J. Brooks. H. W. Burns, J. J. Bushneli. C. D. Clark, F. C. 46 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 Clark. W. H. Dibble. S. E. Digby. H. E. Downes, H. H. . Easter. T. J. Ebin. L. Edwards, P. A. Evans. E. C. Ewing. I. C. Firsching, F. J. Geisler. F. E. Hanson. E. W. Heilman, R. H. Hobbs. J. C. Hook, C. H. Ingels, M. Jones, A. M. King. T. Langdon, J. D. McCune. L. V. McGinness, J. E. McGuigan, L. A. McIntosh, F. C. McMurray, J. Maginn, P. F. Mansfield} F. A. Moore, H. L. Morgan, J. S. Morrow, C. E. Murray, J. M. Nash. A. W. Nicholls. P. O'Neill. P. Phillips, L. Rederer. B. S. Richards, S. F. Schley. A. A. Schrader. C. C. Speller. F. N. Stanger, R. B. Stepheny, E. J. Stitt, E. W. Stokes, R. E. Taylor, T. S. Tenkonohy, R. J. Todd, J. Walker, J. B. Weber, G. A. Wheeler. C. W. Yagloglou, C. P. , Reading-- . Collins, H. F. Luck, A. W. Ridley Park-- Bartlett. C. E. Warren-- Schellhammer, A. L. Washington-- McVehil, E. W. . West Chester-- Palmer, G. J. Wilkes Barre-- . Carpenter, B. H. Williamsport-- Chambers, W. E. Corbett. M. C. Dennis, C. K. Gillett, M. C. McLain, R. D. Wissabickon-- Peterman, R. M. York-- Lindemuth, N. R. Sowers, P. E. RHODE ISLAND Providence-- Braemer, W. G. R. Chase, J. D. Coleman, J. B. Gibbs, E. W. Hartwell, J. C. Husband, E. W. Poole, E. F. TENNESSEE Chattanooga--. Russell, H. C. Sears. W. H. Knoxville-- Reeder, F. C. Memphis-- Allen. W. H. LaBundy, B. A. Sodermann, P. TEXAS Roxborough-- Blankin, M. F. Rutledge-- Ctarke. H. W. Doud. M. P. Scottdale-- Hartman, F. E. Sewickley-- . Black. G. E. Shamokin-- Gortner, J. W. Swissvale-- Timmerman, M. M. Tamaqua-- Hadesty. A. L., Jr. Upper Darby, P. O.-- Hoesington, N. P. Austin-- Donnelly. J. R. Dallas-- Stains, W. A. Taylor. R. F. Van Zandt. J. H. Wiggins, C. H. El Paso-- Finan, J. J. Fort Worth-- Burnett, E. S. Houston-- Baines, A. F. San Angelo-- Hogue, C. T. San Antonio-- Ebert. W. A. Wichita FallsHerd. C. C. UTAH WEST VIRGINIA Salt Lake City-- Coogan, J. VERMONT Burlington-- Austin, F. L. Raine, J. J. Wheelock, H. C. Charleston-- Matthews, J. K. Shanklin, J. R. Morgentown-- Zeck,A. Wheeling-- Hare, E. S. Seabright. L. C. N. Ferrisburg-- Breckenridge. L. P. WISCONSIN VIRGINIA Eau Claire-- Grosvold, F. E. Lynchburg-- Doering, F. L. Wiley, E. C. Wilson, E. J. F. Fond Du Lac-- Ahern, T. L. Fort Aklnson-- Newport News-- Noland, L. U. Norfolk-- Montagna. C. J. Peebles. J. K. Wilson, E. K. Richmond-- Shodron, J. G. Green Bay-- Kingsbury. J. W. La Crosse--1 Anderegg. R. H: Davidson. H. M. Johnson. T. R. Trane, R. N. Austin, W. E. Beverley. R. C. Johnston, J. A. Koch. H. 6. Menefee, J. I. Schulz. H. 1. Roanoke-- Wash, W. P. Staunton-- Moffett, W. S. Moran, F. N. WASHINGTON Bremerton-- Bysom. L. L. Seattle-- Ayers. A. E. . Carsten, W. H. Cox, W. W. Dudley. W. L. Eastwood, Prof. E. O. Godfrey. F. H. Hill. W. A. Lavan, P. J. McNeal. W. R. Mallis, W. Moore, J. C. Nevins, J. R. O'Connell. P. M. Ruddell, W. H. Santmyer, W. J. nrk C* A Twist, C. F. Weber. E. G. L. Zokelt. C. G. Spokane-- Madison-- . Larson, G. L. Milwaukee-- Bassler, E. M. Bowers. A. F. Cook. H. R. Downey, F. E. Ellis, H. W. Grassier. E. Gunton, W. Jackson, C. H. Jung. J. S. Juttner, O. J. Lomasney. E. J. Meadows. F. H. Meyer. E. A. Miller. C. W. Miller, H. M. Mueller, P. E. Noll, W. F. Olson, R. G. Ostrander, L. F. Rice. C. J. -Schwab. H. E. . Volk. J. H. Weimer, F. G. Wilson, W. H. Wolf. J- C. Worthing. E. Zuehlke. R- Sturtevant-- Page. H. W. Superior-- Jarvis, G. El Wausau-- Cornwell, F. E. Holmskog, O. S. . Sargent, L. F. DeLong, H. B. Nelson, R. L. WYOMING Yakima-- Huntley, F. A. Cheyenne-- Meyting, A. S. 47 CANADA Calgary, Alberta-- Clarke. S. S. Galt, Ont.-- Evans. J. McCaffrey. H. G. Halifax, N. S.-- Eagar, R. F. Gray. G. A. Harrington, C. Hamilton, Ont.-- Henion, H. D. Kingston, Ont.-- Arkley, L. M. Druce, J. J. Montreal, Que.-- Bladon, J. B. Fry. J. D. Friedman. F. J. Hamlet, F. A. Hamlet, T. F. Higgins, T. J. Hills, A. H. Kastello, A. Osborne, G. H. Peterson, E. A. Tucker, E. J. . Wiggs, G. L. Toronto, Ont.-- Addy. E. Angus, H. H. Baldwin. W. H. Blackball, W. R. Carruthers. K. L. Church. H. J. Clifton, W. F. Dickey, A. J. Doughty, C. J. Duncan, G. M. Duncan, J. M. Ellis, F. E. Flett, H. R. Griffith, M. R. Hopper, G. H. Jennings, S. A. Kinsey, A. J.. Laidlaw, E. J. Roll of Membership FOREIGN COUNTRIES Leitch, A. S. McCreery, H. J. McHenry. R. W. M. Mansell, P. C. ' Owens, C. B. Paterson, J. S. Paterson, W. B. Peterkin, S. M. Playfair, G. A. Purdy, A. K. Shears. M. W. Sheffield. E: B. Sheppard, W. G. Smith, P. J. Sparling, C. M. Thomas, M. F. Worthington, T. Vancouver, B. C.-- Leek, W. Stephen, A. M. Windsor, Ont.-- Bowden, F. Winnipeg-- Fulton, W. J. Maclrie, J. Kirk. C. D. CHINA Peking-- Hopkins, R. D. Shanghai-- Alt, H. L. Cooper, T. R. Cowell. R- J. Hauss, C. F. Tientsin-- Baker. H. W. H. DENMARK Copenhagen-- . Berggreen, P. H. Reck, A. B. ENGLAND Hull- Hill, E. G. T. Leeds-- Jennins, H. H. Leicester-- Nesbit, D. M. Liverpool-- Honiball, C. R. London-- * Barker, A. H. Craig. F. B. Groom, S. L. Herring, E. Jennings, F. W. Nobbs. W. W. Pickup, H. Robinson, S. W. Russell. J. N. Wheeler, K. E. Manchester-- Row, O. M. Yates. W. Sheffield-- Biggin. F. Southport-- Atkinson. R. E. Sunderland-- Vaux, N. Trowbridge-- Haden, G. N. Haden, W. N. York-- Fryer, F. G. FRANCE Paris-- Beaurrienne, A. Downe, H. S. GERMANY Stuttgart-- Klein, A. R. . IRELAND Cork-- Barry, P. I. . JAPAN Tokyo-- Kitaura, S. Sekido. K. Shozo, S. , NEW ZEALAND Dunedin-- Davies, G. W. NORWAY Christiania-- Tjersland, A. . RUSSIA Pctrograd-- Sakouta, M. L. SWEDEN Stockholm-- Theorell. H. G. T.' SWITZERLAND Winterthur-- Meier, K. TURKEY Constantinople--. Scipio, L. A. ' 48 PAST OFFICERS AMERICAN SOCIETY of HEATING and VENTILATING ENGINEERS President................. 1st Vice-President.. nd Vice-Prestdent. 3rd Vice-President. Treasurer................. Secretary.................. 1894 Edward P. Bates ___Wm. M. Mackay ....... Wiltsie F. Wolfe .Chas. S. Onderdonk .Judson A. Goodrich ................. L. H. Hart Board of Managers . Chairman, Fred P. Smith Henry Adams A. A. Cary Hugh J. Barron James A. Harding Edward P. Bates. Pres. L. H. Hart, Secy. Council Chairman. R. C. Carpenter Albert A. Cryer Chas. W. Newton F. W. Foster Ulysses G. Scollay, Secy. 1897 President............. ............ 1st Vice-President------find Vice-President____ 3rd Vice-Presidents..... Treasurer.............. ......... Secretary....................... . .....Wm. M. Mackay H. D. Crane ........... Henry Adams A. E Kenrick judson A. Goodrich H- M. Swetland Board of Managers Chairman, R. C. Carpenter Edward P. Bates Stewart A. Jellett W. S. Hadaway, Jr. Wiltsie F. Wolfe Wm M. Mackay, Pres. H. M. Swetland, Secy. . * Council * Chairman, Albert A. Cryer John A. Fish James Mackay Wm. McMannis B. F. Stangland President.................. 1st Vice-President.. 2nd Vice-President 3rd Vice-President. Treasurer................. Secretary.................. 1895 ......Stewart A. Jellett ......Wm. M. Mackay Chas. S. Onderdonk ............... D. M. Quay .Judson A. Goodrich .................. L. H. Hart - Board of Managers Chairman, James A. Harding Geo. B. Cobb Ulysses G. Scollay Wm. McMannis B. F. Stangland Stewart A. Jellett, Pres. L. H. Hart. Secy. . Council Chairman, R. C. Carpenter Henry Adams T.J. Waters Edwaid P. Bates Albert A. Cryer. Secy. President..................... 1st Vice-President-- find Vice-President.... 3rd Vice-President.... Treasurer..................... Secretary.... ....... ........ 1898 .......Wiltsie F. Wolfe ............ J. H. Kinealy A. E. Kenrick John A. Fish judson A. Goodrich .....Stewart A. Jellett Board of Managers Chairman, Wm. M. Mackay Thomas Barwick A. C. Mott John A. Connolly Francis A. Williams Wiltsie F. Wolfe; Pres. Stewart A. Jellett. Secy. Council Chairman, R. C. Carpenter Henry Adams W. S. Hadaway, Jr. Albert A. Cryer . Wm. McMannis Wiltsie F. Wolfe, Pres. Stewart A. Jellett. Secy. President.^................. 1st Vice-President... , find Vice-President... 3rd Vice-President.. Treasurer.............. . Secretary.......... '......... 1896 ........R, C. Carpenter ........ D. M. Quay ......Edward P. Bates ... F. W. Foster Judson A. Goodrich ...................L. H. Hart Board of Managers Chairman, Wm. M. Mackay Hugh J. Barron Stewart A. Jellett W. S. Hadaway, Jr. Wiltsie F. Wolfe R C. Carpenter, Pres. L. H. Hart. Secy. Council . , Chairman, A. A. Cary Albert A. Cryer B. F. Stangland Wra. McMannis J. J. Blackmore, Secy. President........................ 1st Vice-President....... find Vice-President...... 3rd Vice-President.... . Treasurer........................ Secretary......................... Henry Adams D. M. Quay ........... A. E. Kenrick .Francis A. Williams .Judson A. Goodrich ......Wm. M. Mackay Board of Managers Chairman. Stewart A. Jellett B. H. Carpenter A A Cary Wm. Kent Wiltsie F. \yolfe Henry Adams, Pres. Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. Council Chairman. R. C- Carpenter John Gormly Wm. McMannis W. S. Hadaway. Jr. Henry Adams, Pres. B. F. Stangland Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. 49 Roll of Membership 1900 President..^................. ...... ........... ..............,,D. M. Quay 1st Vice-President......................................A. E. Kenrick gnd Vice-President...... ..................Francis A. Williams Treasurer......................................... Judson A. Goodrich Secretory................ .Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, D. M. Quay Wm. Kent. Vice-Chm. C. B. J. Snyder R. C. Carpenter D. M. Nesbit John Gormly Wm. M. Mackay. Secy. 1905 President...... ................................................. ..... Wm. Kent 1st Vice-President............ .......................... R. p. Bolton end Vice-President................................. C. B. J. Snyder Treasurer............................................. Ulysses G. Scollty Secretary................................. Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman. Wm. Kent R. P. Bolton ' James Mackay C. B. J. Snyder B. F. Stangland B. H. Carpenter J. C. F. Trachsel A. B. Franklin Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. 1901 Presidents.................................................J. H. Kinealy 1st Vice-President.............. ......................A. E, Kenrick gnd Vice-President.... ...........................Andrew Harvey Treasurer.........._..............................Judson A. Goodrich Secretary....... ................. --....... ...........Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, J. H. Kinealy Wm. Kent. Vice-Chm. John Gormly R. C. Carpenter C. B. J. Snyder R. P. Bolton Wra. M- Mackay. Secy. 1906 President.................... John Gormly 1st V.tce-President.... C B. J. Snyder gnd Vice-President ...................... T. J. Waters Treasurer............................................ Ulysses G. Scollay Secretary................................................Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, John Gormly C. B. J. Snyder,Fi-CAm. A. B. Franklin T. J. Waters James Mackay R. C. Carpenter B. F. Stangland Frank K. Chew Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. 1902 President..................................................... A. E. Kenrick 1st Vice-President...... ...........................Andrew Harvey gnd Vice-President......................... Robert C. Clarkson Treasurer.......................................... Judson A. Goodrich Secretary...................................... Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors . Chairman, A. E. Kenrick John Gormly. Vice-Chm. J. H. Kinealy R. C. Carpenter C. B. J. Snyder Wm. Kent Wm. M. Mackay, Secy, 1907 President ............................. C. B. J. Snyder 1st Vice-President.................................... James Mackay gnd Vice-Presidents................................Wm. G. Snow Treasurer..........................................-.Ulysses G. Scollay Secretary.................................................Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, C. B. J. Snyder James Mackay. Vice-Chm. Edmund F. Capron Wm. G. Snow Frank K. Chew R. E. Atkinson A. B. Franklin R. C. Carpenter Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. 1903 President............ -...... ................................. H. D. Crane 1st Vice-President........................................... .Wm. Kent. gnd Vice-President_ ................. ............-R. P. Bolton Treasurer..........-..............................Judson A. Goodrich Secretary.--.......... ................................Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, H. D. Crane C. B.J. Snyder,Vice-Chm. A. E. Kenrick R. C. Carpenter Geo. Mehring John Gormly Wm. M. Mackay. Secy. 1908 President..... ........................................... .... James Mackay 1st Vice-President.................................Jas. D. Hoffman gnd Vice-Presidentrzrr^-.i. ...................B. F. Stangland Treasurer..............................................Ulysses G. Scollay Secretary......................................... Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors ' Chairman, James Mackay Jas. D. Hoffman. Vice-Chm. John F. Hale B. F. Stangland August Kehm R. C. Carpenter C. B. J. Snyder Frank K. Chew Wm. M. Mackay. Secy. 1904 President......... ........ ..... ..................... --Andrew Harvey 1st Vice-President........ ......... .....................John Gormly gnd Vice-President................ ;....... Robert C. Clarkson Treasurer...... ...................................... Ulysses G. Scollay Secretary................... ............................ Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, Andrew Harvey John Gormly H. D. Crane Robert C. Clarkson A. E. Kenrick J. J. Blackmore C. B. J. Snyder R. C. Carpenter Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. 1909 President-------------- ---- ------------------------ Wm. G. Snow ta Vice-President.................................... August Kehm tnd Vice-President.................................. B. S. Harrison Treasurer............................. ............Ulysses G. Scollay Secretary.............................................Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, Wm. G- Snow August Kehm, Vice-Chm. Samuel R. Lewis B. S. Harrison James Mackay John R. Allen B. F. Stangland R. C. Carpenter Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. 50 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1924-25 1910 President___________________ _______ Jas. D. Hoffman 1st Vice-President................................. R* P. Bolton 2nd Vice-President............................... Samuel R. Lewis Treasurer.................................. ...........Ulysses G. Scollay Secretary............!....................................Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, Jas. D. Hoffman R. P. Bolton, Vice-Chm. Judson A. Goodrich Samuel R. Lewis John F. Hale Geo. W. Barr R. C. Carpenter James Mackay Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. 1914 President.._____ ____ -......................... Samuel R. Lewis 1st Vice-President...........................Edmund F. Capron gnd Vice-President.........................Dwight D. Kimball Treasurer............................................ James A. Donnelly Secretary.............;....................................... J. J. Blackmore Council Chairman, Samuel R. Lewis E. F. Capron, Vice-Chm. John F. Hale Dwight D. Kimball Harry M. Hart John R. Allen Frank G. McCann Frank T. Chapman Wm. W. Macon Frank I. Cooper James M. Stannard James A. Donnelly J. J. Blackmore, Secy. 1911 President_____ ________ __ _R. P. Bolton 1st Vice-President.....................................-John R. Allen gnd Vice-President ............................. A. B. Franklin Treasurer...... ............. ....................... .. Ulysses G. Scollay Secretary................................................... Wm. W. Macon Board of Governors Chairman, R. P. Bolton John R. Allen. Vice-Chm. James H. Davis A. B. Franklin Jas. D. Hoffman John T. Bradley August Kehm R. C. Carpenter Wm. W. Macon. Secy. 1915 President....................................... ....Dwight D. Kimball 1st Vice-President.......-........................ Harry M. Hart gnd Vice-President...... ...... ............Frank T. Chapman Treasurer.............................. ................... Homer Addarns Secretary...................................................J. J. Blackmore Council Chairman, Dwight D. Kimball Harry M. Hart,Vice-Chm. Samuel R. Lewis Frank T. Chapman ' Frank G. McCann Homer Addams J. T. J. Mellon Frank l. Cooper Henry C. Meyer, Jr. E. Vernon Hill ' Arthur K. Ohmes Wm. M. Kingsbury J. J. Blackmore, Secy. President....................... 1st Vice-President....... gnd Vice-President___ Treasurer...................... Secretary................ ...... .....John R. Allen .............. John F. Hale -Edmund F. Capron ...James A. Donnelly ...Wm. W. Macon Board of Governors Chairman. John R. Allen John F. Hale. Vice-Chm. Dwight D. Kimball Edmund F. Capron Samuel R. Lewis R. P. Bolton Wm. M. Mackay Jas. D. Hoffman Wm. W. Macon. Secy. 1916 President................................. ..................Harry M. Hart 1st Vice-President........................... Frank T. Chapman gnd Vice-President............................. Arthur K. Ohmes Treasurer................................................. Homer Addams Secretary...................................................Casin W. Obert Council Chairman, Harry M. Hart F. T. Chapman.Vice-Chm. E. Vernon Hill Arthur K, Ohmes Dwight D. Kimball Homer Addams Henry C. Meyer, Jr. Charles R. Bishop Frank I. Cooper Milton W. Franklin Fred R. Still Walter S. Timmis Casin W. Obert. Secy. 1916 President......................................... -..... ...... John F. Hale 1st Vice-President....................................-A. B. Franklin gnd Vice-President........ .................Edmund F. Capron Treasurer...........................................James A. Donnelly Secretary ................................................Edwin A. Scott 1917 President..................................................... J. Irvine Lyle 1st Vice-President............................... Arthur K. Ohmes 2nd Vice-President.... ...................................Fred R. Still Treasurer...................................................Homer Addams Secretary................................................... Casin W. Obert Board of Governors Chairman, John F. Hale A. B. Franklin, Vice-Chm. James A. Donnelly . John R. Allen . Dwight D. Kimball Edmund F. Capron Wm. W. Macon R. P. Bolton . . Frank T. Chapman James M. Stannard Theodore Weinshank Ralph Collamore Edwin A. Scott, Secy. Council Chairman, J. Irvine Lyle A. K. Ohmes. Vice-Chm. Charles A. Fuller Fred R. Still Harry M. Hart Homer Addams E. Vernon Hill Davis S. Boyden James M. Stannard Bert C. Davis Walter S. Timmis Milton W. Franklin Casin W. Obert, Secy. 51 YY/ |. f \ Roll of Membership President................... 1st Vice-President.. Snd Vice-President. Treasurer.............. Secretary.................... 1918 ......... Fred R. Still .Walter S. Timmis ..E. Vernon Hill .....Homer Addams .....Casiri W. Obert Council Chairman, Fred R. Still W. S. Timmis, Vice-Chm. J. Irvine Lyle . Homer Addams E. Vernon Hill .William H. Driscoll Frank G. Phegley Howard H. Fielding Fred. W. Powers H. P. Gant Champlain L. Riley C. W. Kimball Casin W. Obert. Secy.' Chairman, Champlain L. Riley Jay R. McColl, Vice-Chm. E. S. Hallett Homer Addams E. Vernon Hill Jos. A. Cutler Alfred Kellogg Samuel E. Dibble E. E. McNair Wm. H. Driscoll -Perry West H. P. Gant Casin W. Obert, Secy. 1922 President.......................... .............................Jay R. McColl 1st Vice-President ........................................H. P. Gant Snd Vice-President.............................. Samuel E. Dibble Treasurer......................................................Homer Addams Secretary................... ...... ............................Casin W. Obert President..........-............ 1st Vice-President___ Snd Vice-President.... Treqgurer........................ Secretary......................... 1919 .....Walter S. Timmis ...Y....E. Vernon Hill .Milton W. Franklin ........ Homer Addams .........Casin W. Obert Council Chairman-, Walter S. Timmis E. Vernon H\\\, Vice-Chm. Frank G. Phegley Homer Addams Fred. W. Powers Howard H. Fielding Robt. W. Pryor, Jr. MUton W. Franklin Champlain L. Riley Harry E. Gerrish Fred R. Still George B. Nichols* Casin W. Obert, Secy. Council - Chairman, Jay R. McColl H. P. Gant, Vice-Chm. L. A. Harding Homer Addams E.' E. McNair Jos. A. Cutler H. J. Meyer Samuel E. Dibble Wm' H. Driscoll C. L. Riley . Perry West E. S. Hallett Casin W. Obert, Secy.. 1923 President................... --..................................... H. P. Gant 1st Vice-President................................... .Homer Addams Snd Vice-President....................................-E. E. McNair Treasurer...................................................Wm. H.- Driscoll Secretary............................................................. C. W. 'Obert President...................................... ................. E. Vernon HU1 1st Vice-President............................Champlain L. Riley tnd Vice-President................ ....................Jay R. McColl Treasurer..................................................... Homer Addams Secretary.............................................. .......Casin W. Obert Council Chairman, C. L. Riley, Vice-Chm. Homer Addams Jos. A, Cutler Wm. H. Driscoll A. C. Edgar Alfred Kellogg ). Vernon Hill Jay R. McColl George B. Nichols Robt. W. Pryor, Jr. W. S. Timmis Perry West Casin W. Obert, Secy. Council Chairman, H. P. Gant Homer Addams. Vice-Chm. E. S. Hallett W. H. Carrier _ Alfred Kellogg J- A- Cutler V....... Thornton Lews S. E. Dibble J. R. McNair Wm- H. Driscoll Perry West Casin W. Obert, Secy. 1924 President.............................. .....................Homer Addams 1st Vice-President._....................................... S. E. Dibble Snd Vice-President......................... .William H. Driscoll Treasurer......................................................... Perry West Secretary...................................................... F. C. Houghten President.................... 1st Vice-President__ Snd Vice-President.. Treasurer............;....... Secretary..................... 1921 ...............Champlain L. Riley ........................... Jay R. McColl ................................... H. P. Gant ......................... Homer Addams ......................... Casin W. Obert Council Chairman. Homer Addams S. E. Dibble, Vice-Chm. W. E. Gillham F. Paul Anderson L. A. Harding W. H. Carrier Alfred Kellogg J. A. Cutler Thornton Lewis William H. Driscoll Perry West H. P. Gant F. C. Houghten, Secy. 52 T