Document rY38MvNZ99XMMYbqmzw5D8VG

'^,r Jk . Industrial Hygiene Digest December, 1962 eld have been shown, at times, to be associated with impaired liver function, abnormal carbohydrate metabollam (a# reflected by glucose tolerance tests), elevated blood uric add levels and recurrent unpleasant vasodilatation and occasionally gastric symptom*. A wide variety of additives, preservatives, vitamin supplements, flavoratWes. coloring agents, and so forth, have been added to food for many years. In general, moat of these additives appear to be beneficial and, indeed, if it were not for the uee of many chemical fertilisera, insecticidea, herbicldca, ate. our food could bo seriously threatened. The principle* of the addi tion to food, both fresh and processed, of preserving or fortifying agenta In amount that can be shown not to be harmful is a sound one. However, in the opinion of the authors, the use of such additives should be properly controlled and regulated in order to avoid misuse, and the product in which It has been used should be properly labeled or tome other method of making the consumer aware of the additive should be utilised, -- Good, from authors1 summary 11)6 Experimental Studies in Metal Carcinogenesis. Chromium, Nickel, Iron, Arsenic. W, C Hueper and W. W. Payne. Arch. Environmental Health 445-462 (Nov. 1962). Experimental evidence indicates that hexavalent and trivalent chromium possesses cigcinogenlc properties. Highly wster-soluble trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds when brought in contact with tissue at frequent intervale and in low concentrations to avoid significant corrosive affects are capable of producing cancers. The tumor yield obtained by repeated intratracheal instillation of suspensions of 1 esrcinogeaicaUy highly potent chro mates, calcium chromate, sine chromate, apd strontium chromate, was remarkably low and limited to the formation of sarcomas in the lung. Immunochemical Investigations with chro mium-protein complexes showed that such agenta are capable of eliciting chromium-specific antibodies. Tests for the presence of immune bodies in the serum of chromate producers gave equivocal results. While powdered nickel implanted intrapleurally into rats elicited cancers in about one-third of the animals, lntrapulmonary deposited nickel powder produced intrspulmooary sarcoma in only one of 34 rats. The inhalation of powdered metallic nickel in combination with sulfur dioxide by rats and hamsters did not give rise to lung tumors in any of 2 species studied suggesting that the combined action of a purelyirritativ chemical, such so sulfur dioxide, with a carcinogen does not necessarily induce a carcinogenic respon se by the lung. Rats implanted intrapleurally with finely powdered cbemleally pure iron or fed arsenic dissolved in water or a 12% alcoholic solution did not develop any cancers in the target organs, i.e., the lung or mediastinum or the skin, lung, and Liver, respectively. -- Authors' conclusion 11)7 Edetate Kidney Lesions In Rats. M. D. Reuber and G. C. Schmieler. AKhTEnviroim^arHnnirT7 (Now. I96Z). Lesions simulating "versene nephrosis" in human beings have been produced in rata with disodium ethylenediaminetetrascetate (Sodium Vr senate or Na edetate). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with varying dosages of Ns edetate, Ca edetate, or Pb edetate and killed at different time intervals. Some rsts were given dally injections far 21 days and then killed 2 weeks after completion of the injections. Na edetate, in 400 and 500 mg. doses, pro duced severe hydropic degeneration of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney in all rats. Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraaeetate (ca edetate) in the 500 mg. dose pro t duced only minimal focal hydropic changes in 58% of animals. The lesions had almost dis I appeared 2 weeks after the Ca edetate had been stopped. AU rats given lead dliodium ethyl enediaminetetraacetate (Pb edetate) developed mild focal changes. The degeneration in the rats given Pb edetate was followed by regeneration of cells lining the proximal convoluted tubules*. Leeiona developed mote slowly with lower dosaget of Ca edetate and Na edetate and were reversible oven though the injection of the drugs was continued. .* 1 fn ft*(Hi )i n * 'i * * i! iA \ , I 11,4; m V i