Document rQxYY90OgnDQGML2K8x14DbE

Inspection Reveals Ancient Wrought Iron Work Was Primed With Red Lead Paint The gates and fences ot the Miles Brewton house (c. 1760J. in a perfect slate of preservation, show indications ot a printing coat of red lead in worn spots uround the latch. of red lead only because maintenance schedules have been disrupted bv wartime conditions but this condition will without doubt be remedied in the verv near future. It was possible to find on ever}' gate or grille examined, one or more (daces where the pro tective paint had been damaged. In most cases such damage was in the form of scratches or nicks which re vealed the presence of red lead. On one or two gates the top coats of black paint had been worn down hv the hands operating them until the primer was exposed, but in every case the unmistakable color of red lead was definitely in evidence. It is not possible to say for certain that the red lead now on the gates was applied when the gates were new but it is not unreasonable to so as sume. Most of the surfaces are smooth and unpitted and show little or no evidence of corrosion damage. They have been well protected throughout their life and it is certain that the rust inhibitive properties of red lead have plaved an important part in keeping them so. HE ironwork of Charleston. South T Carolina, has for many years been the subject of admiration and Intricate Lead Fabrication A Part Ot study by architects and ornamental iron designers but the fact that it has Kjeldahl Nitrogen Determination Apparatus survived nearly 200 years in a humid -eacoast atmosphere seems to have been accepted as a matter of course. Actually this survival has been made Hh.\E\ EH corrosive materials lead duct. A moderate suction i~ in Wor vapors are to be handled duced in this duct hv an aspirator lead will almost invariably be fouwnhdich may be either an air operate I possible largely bv paint even though doing a heavy share of the job both the material of which they were made was probably hand puddled wrought iron. in plant and laboratory. An inter esting piece of such laboratory equip ment is shown in the accompanying k icidahl unit shott mss tiosi. nontti to lead Collar, atcr vpvTtUvd u yj,i mu >t at left /< lead lined. It could be safelv assumed the illustrations. It is known as the Kjel smiths who created the gates and dahl apparatus. It is used for nitro fences which we now admire so much gen determinations in food, soil and primed them with red lead (taint be fertilizer chemistry laboratories. fore they left the shop since red lead- The testing process involves the linseed oil paint was then, as it is digesting of the sample bv concen now. the standard metal protective trated sulphuric acid and it is in the paint for ironwork. It is interesting disposal of the fumes of this diges to find that such an assumption seems tion process, which is conducted at to be correct. A recent inspection of slightly elevated temperatures, that nearly twenty examples including the corrosion resistant properties of some of the best known pieces indi lead are made use of. The samples, cated that they all had a coat of red in long necked glass llasks are placed lead paint next to the iron. over heating units with the mouths It is unfortunate that it was pos of the flasks resting in conical lead sible to find the ev idence of the use collars welded to a horizontal sheet -2 -- LI A 25916 (.omplete fabricated lead \upor dis posal unit of kjeldahl apparatus with an operated ejector. or a water operated type. In either case the aspirator and the due or drain into which it discharges is con structed of lead or is lead lined. The horizontal duct is also provided with a small lead drain line to remove acid condensate which collects in the duct itself. The duct-aspirator unit of the Kjel dahl apparatus is an intricate assem bly of leaduork which is made to precise dimensions and which must he gas and liquid tight in all of its joints. The duct which is approximatelv semi circular in section is an extrusion. The collars are spinnings welded in place. The flue and air supply pipe are also extrusions hut the conical parts inside the aspirator are formed bv hand from sheet lead and welded in place. The Kjeldahl process is named for its developer. J. Kjeldahl. a Danish chemist. The apparatus shown in the photographs is a product of the Pre cision Scientific C.ompanv of Chicago. THEIR WAR IS NOT OVER JOIN THE RED CROSS LTHOUGH the wartime interest ments but because the products of A in hot dip lead allov coatings chemical reaction between the metal on iron and steel was due. in parti,tself and the paint vehicles are not to the need for a substitute for zinc, brittle. Lead coated articles require this interest has continued to increase neither a special metal-priming paint under peacetime conditions. Lead nor a pre-painting treatment. In fact (oatincs ha\e ad\antage which make the lead coating mav be regarded as a them especiallv desirable under many priming coat in setting up the paint conditions. . ing svstem. I or mrrosion resistance lead allov There are an increasing number of coating.- show up e'peciallv well in industrial atmospheres which are jenerallv acid in character. They are decide and do not lend to (`rack and -pall when the Lj~e metal is beinl or otherwise distorted. because the melting point of lead is comparative- Iv low the dipping process has little tendenev to cause warping of fabri cated parts and it is usuallv possible practically to eliminate the "tear drops' or thick areas of coating material on the bottom edges of the coated article. In addition, lead alloy coatings are completelv adaptable to painting. Lead is compatible with the commonIv used exterior paints, not only be cause thev usually contain lead pig Lead coaled sleet gutter and downspout fast enings and snow guard, ,V job shops doing lead allov coating as well as several manufacturers who have installed dipping lines for their own products. A wide variety of products are being coated commerciallv including bolts and nuts, washers, gas meter connections, mop handle parts, springs and pdating baskets as well as the roofers hard ware illustrated on this page. Other items under investigation show inter esting possibilities in several line'. DVVTON =\ YI.F'R Lead Bends And Stubs for Closet Connections Provide Sanitary And Mechanical Safety HERE are two principal reasons ket. makes a permanent secure joint T for the use of the lead bend or between the bow l and the lead pipe. lead stub for connecting the waterIn the second place, the nature of the closet to the rigid framework of the lead pipe, that is. its internal smooth plumbing' rough work. These reasons, ness and the easy curve of its bends, in the order of their importance, are accelerates the flow of waste and dis sanitary security and flexibility. The courages the formation of clogging sanitary security afforded by the lead deposits. connection is twofold. In the first The flexibility of the lead connec place, the connection is accomplished tion assists in maintaining the tight by soldering or welding to the lead connection between bowl and stack a rigid floor flange which is in turn and at the same time protects the rela bolted to the closet bowl. This bolted tively fragile fixture from breakage joint, provided with an asbestos gas by permitting the inevitable move- Extra long lead Lend % sa\ e h/tinp' and speed c on v t / n < tion in Imt >nii/h. Arl.ansiis. a purlmen!. tended without difficulty if condition' require it and even after the bend is securely calked into the cast iron fit ting the location of the inlet can be adjusted if desirable. If the three inch stack, which is still permitted in some localities, ibeing used the necessary reduction in pipe size can be best taken care of in the lead bend bv usinc the eccentric reducing bend which is Hush on the bottom thronchout its length. This type of bend, like all other lead I.t'inl bands and laialorx uastes in tudet room or .lmrroon Airlines LitiLlin:in Tuha. O/.laiioriia. borne oi [hr lend bends in a nen loi/ef ruoni in a college building in Middleton n. \ eie } orb. ment between slack and structure to take place without imposing exces sive strain on joint or fixture. These two points are sufficient to justfv the usual requirement bv plumbing codes that a lead water closet connection be used but there are other reasons why it is desirable. The lead connection, either bend or stub, is easily adaptable to varying installation conditions. It may be obtained in varying lengths which can be cut bv the plumber to the exact dimensions thus making precise loca tion of the fixture possible regardless of the stack position. It can be ex --4-- Lead bentC in a remodeling red. in Corpus (.iiristi. Texas. LIA25918 plumbing supplies, can be obtained bearing the Lead Industries Associa tion's Seal of Approval which assures tfie purchaser that the material conlorms to the rigid standards of the Association which are identical in substance with the Commercial Stan dards of the National Bureau of Standards. The standards of the as sociation will also be found to be closelv in agreement with Federal l,rud stuics in toi let room oi a facr o r y building under construction tn Pallas. Terns. Lead bends and drum traps in a neu toilet room in an office building in Tulsa, Okla homa. Specification AVW-P-325 which was issued subsequently to the promulga tion of these standards. The requirement by the plumbing code of a lead bend or a lead stub connection for water closets is quite general in cities throughout the L nited States. It is an effective means of providing protection against break age to fixtures as well as insuring sanitary protection to the property owners of the community. Unusual Sheet Lead Garden Detail Oi Interest To Landscape Architects N interesting and unusual use of A lead is shown in the plmi..iiraph" on thi" pace taken in Brook urren (iarden^. a heautv ^pot >omt mile'- north of (.harltMon. South ( arolina. The^e iiardm-. open to lhpuhlic. uere restored and de\e)npni -ince 19.10 hv Mr. and Mr-. A re hei M. Huntington and are now operated hv a trusteeship and maintained in an endowment and thev constitute a veritable botanical museum as well as a lovelv setting for a collection of contemporary sculpture. Some of the box and live oak are over 200 vears old and there are crepe myrtle bushes known to be more than 100 years of age. The central feature of the gardens is a large pool which is supplied from -- o--- The light grey of the weathered lead drain age trough is a pleasant contrast to the deep greens of lawn and box trees. LIA25919 DAVTON SN-VDEK Ihe nearnv river by pumps. Leading from the overflow of this pool is a series of lead lined shallow brick troughs or ditches which extend in a network over the entire area of the gardens. These lead lined troughs serve not onlv as a means of disposal for the overflow of the pool but also as irrigation ditches for the flowers and shrubbery. When it is desired to w ater a certain area the adjacent ditch is dammed with a small bag of sand which forces the w ater to overflow on the surrounding soil. The use of lead for this purpose adds an interesting note of color and texture to the garden and at the same time provides positive control of the irrigating water. The ditch is not subject to leakage through cracks or joints which are hound to occur in masonrv. During the war vears the work of the landscape architect has been, ol necessitv. confined largely to the planning of housing communities and similar projects and he has had few opportunities to ever think of gar dens. In the future, however, he can look forward to the type of work where both the utilitarian and the ornamental properties of lead can he used to enhance the usefulness and beautv of his creation'. Cii'l lead sit a "final" cuhnh nn the surjaee ol ihe c enlru/ pool. Sprayed Lead Coating To Protect Ancient Carved Wood Sculpture HE sculptured figure in the ac which conforms perfectly with every Tcompanying illustration is an an detail of the original carving. cient w ood carving which has recently Over the lead was applied a sur been repaired and given a sprayed face coat of copper which was treated lead coating to protect it from the to match the color of the rest of the ravages of weather and decay. This ornamental group. The application figure has in the last 102 vears graced of the spraved metal coating' wa- the facades of several buildings which made bv the Eastern Metallizing have, during that time, housed one of (iompanv of New y ork. New y ork Citv s prominent business ffpraved lead coatings are em establishments. It has. through the ployed for mam u'es. The above de vears. acquired a sentimental value scribed application is typical of the far in excess of the cost of its replace treatment of comparatively soft ma ment so when signs of decav indicated terials such as wood, plaster, or that it was in danger of destruction leather which are to be coaled with bv the forces of nature, the firm made decorative metals. Lead is applied arrangements for its repair and per- first to provide adhesion and a nianent preservation. body coat. However, lead alone is The statue was removed from its commonly applied bv the metallizing perch on the building and thoroughly ]>rocess to less durable metals as a repaired. All dry rot and other dam coating to protect against corrosion aged wood was removed and new feet by atmosphere or chemicals. of cast lead were attached. Then the Another interesting application of entire figure was covered with a coat this process is made in the prosthetics of lead by a process known as metal manufacturing industry for the manu lizing. which means that a finely facture of lead moulds for plastic ex atomized sprav of molten metal was tremities for artificial limbs. These blown by air pressure onto the sur moulds are made bv spraying a thick face. Thus the w ood was encased and coat of lead onto a sculptured plaster sealed in an envelope of metallic lead model after which the plaster is re moved leaving a perfect mould 1 the hand or foot. ' Metallizing has been found to be a practical means for the application of lead for protection of metals from severe corrosive conditions as well as a solution for these special problems. --6-- LIk 25920 <Sh m " 0V Portfolio of ^ Ajne1*^ W' ' . ...- ' No. 40 Glastonburv l Connecticut N December. 1689. those inhabitants I of Weathersfield. Conn., living on the east side of the Connecticut River were granted permission to establish their own church, provided an ortho dox minister could be found, and thus U ells-Shipman house, built in 1743 oj timber construction. Pure white lead paint has helped to preserve the unusually t ne detail oj cornice and entrace. be relieved of the necessity of contrib uting to the support of the existing church which was at too great a dis tance from their places of residence. I The new church was successful and The If ells-Shipman house which is painted inside as well as out uith pure white lean the community later became known paint. This comer cupboard is an interest as the town of Glastonbury. ing detail. The inhabitants prospered and there remain todav a number of fine old houses to demonstrate their ex cellent taste and sound craftsman ship. Although the hewn timber con struction used in the early part of the 18th century was quite different from Michael Cri.su old homestead has both uhttc and tinted white lead paint lor a protectne coating. dimension lumber framing with which we build houses today, the best protective and decorative paints used in those days were even then made from pure white lead and linseed oil. Through all the years white lead has remained the dominant exterior paint pigment and white lead paint has played an important part in preserv ing these houses and keeping them beautiful. They stand today protected by white lead paint as testimonials to the sound craftsmanship of their builders and to the care which their owners have given them. 'r PHOTOS 8Y DAYTOK SNYDe i THIS IS NO. 40 OF A SERIES REPRESENTATIVE OK T1IF. MANY AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COL NTH A THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH PURE WHITE LEAD AND OIL TAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. L IA 2 5 9 2 1 r^>T* ra i # aupyr*w *~Tf * -*' .Y /**f" ** Lead Lined Tanks For Sulphuric Acid HE storage battery manufactur T ing industry, being a large con sumer of sulphuric acid, makes ex tensive use of lead in handling this ran material as well as in the actual construction of the batteries them selves. The accompanying illustra tion shows a group of lead lined wood tanks used bv a battery manufacturer for storage and cutting of sulphuric acid for use in the product. The two large tanks on the uppei level are of conventional vertical stave construction except that they are elliptical in plan. 12 ft. wide. 15 In foreground, lead lined tanks used for diluting high gravity sulphuric acid stored in tuo elevated tanks in background. ft. 6 in. long and S ft. deep. These are storage tanks for the high gravity acid as received from the manufac turer. The eisht smaller tanks are to be used for `'culting'' the acid, that is. mixing it with water to the proper specific gravitv for use in the bat teries. These tanks are assembled Tiic following articles and reprints contain information, drawings and soecificaticns on the use of lead fjioiii'Cts helpful to architects, engineers and others in the construction industry. They are available, free of charge, unnn lequesf Ic the Lead Industries Association. 42C Lexington Avenue. New York 17, N. Y. with blocking between the staves so that part of the lead lining is exposed to the air. This is to permit rapid rnorrnTV p r o t e c t io n w it h w h it e LEAD PAINT A 38 page booklet on the protective value- durability and beauty of pure white lead paint with quantity eatitnatiBf table*, formula* and mixing and tinting instruction* for exterior and interior ue. It CD LEAD FOR STRUCTURAL WOItK Ity Dr. L. L. Carriei, Director, Red Lead Research, Lead loduMrie* Association A djru**ioa of tbe ru*t iobibitive qualitie* of red lead paint and tbe bent means of making n*e of tbo*e qualitie* for the protection of structural metal. Keprioied from Engineering A'eiri Record, April 6. 1943. I.LAD CARRIES ITS WCICHT Ity Fretl P. Patera An interesting resume of many of tbe long e*tab)i>hed u-e* of lead piu* information on a number of recently developed adaptation* of tbe properties *f lead to *pecal purpoee*. Reprinted from Scien tific American, June, 1944. SOME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND HIE ANSWERS Hr Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist, Toreat* Produets Laboratory, Madison, Wia. Keprinted from tbe National Real Estate Journal, Sept., 1939. LEAD, A METAL OF MANY USES IN T11E THEATRE By J. Leland Benson A diicuMion of tbe many ways, both utilitarian and decorative, in wbirb lead i or ean be oaed in tbe theatre. Reprinted from Theatre Catalog 194S Edi tion. COMMERCIAL STANDARDS: Calking Lead, GS94*4l Lead Pipe, CS-95-41 Lead Trapa and Banda, CS96*41 Official publication* by tbe Government Printing Of fice of the above Commercial Standard* a promul gated by the U. S. Department of Commerce tb rough the National Bureau of Standard*, effective Jui* 33, 1941. FEDERAL SPECIFICATION WW.p.325 For Pipe. Benda and Trapa, LEAD Part 5 of Seetim IV of the Federal Staadard* Stock Catalog, official publication by the Govern ment Printing OSea. STAMFORD'S DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analym of hard lead Sa*bing. white lead paint, tead plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certigrade bingJe detail* and in'tallatjoe method*. Reprinted from American Builder, July. 1939. LEAD COATINGS ON STEEL By Harold A. Knight, New* Editor. Metals and Alloy* A thorough di*cuioo of bot dip and electroplated coating* on #teel *heet. wire and fabricated prod uct. Reprinted from the November. 1944 )--nr of Metals and Alloys. LEAD WELDING By Robert L. Zircfeld anti Da*i<l M. Ilorrinu .A concise <]i*cuMon of the prncea- and method"f welding lead beet and pipe with deci ipi i..n* of too)- and procedure, Includes brief bi*inrjr-a! note* and a list of commonly ued corrosive citennc.il* with note* on their reactivity with lead. LF. \D X-RAY SHIELDING A graphic chart adapted from American Standanl* .Association Bulletin Z 54.1--1946 "Safety Code for the Industrial L'se of X-Rays" to show weights per square foot and thicknesses in inches of commeioiai lead sheets corresponding to metric dimension* in dicated on the original chart. MATERIALS AND METHODS OF X-RAY PROTECTION By George Singer, Acting Chief Radiation Section, Nationel Bureau of Standard*. Washington, D. CM and Ceorge C. Lawr ence, Pb.Di National Research Council of Canada 4 discussion of tbe materials suitable for use in shielding X-ray jnriaUations. Reprinted from Industrial Radiography Vo). IV, .No. 2, Fall. 1943. dissipation of the heat generated din ing the mixing cvcle. These tank- are cvlindrical. 8 ft. (> in. in diameter and ;; ft. 6 in. high. Ail of the ten tanks are lined with sheet lead turned out and down o\ei the top edge. All seams and jointare welded. In ad'lition. the steel lie rods are protected from spilled acid arrd funres bv being encased in lead ]ipe before tlrev were applied. Sheet lead shields cover all of the mallea ble iron joining lugs on the lie rod-. Also, each of the Uansver-e beams ol the steel supporting structure is pro tected bv a corer of sheet lead. The tanks were made by !lie Hauser StanderTauk Company of Cincinnati. Ohio, who assembled them in place and executed all of the lead work. Similar installations for other batlerv manufacturers hare been made in various parts of the country, head is an indispensable metal in the stor age batten- manufacturing plant awell as in the batlerv itself. CrON BEQrEST. THE I.EAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" BEGULABLT, FREE OF CHAIiCE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WTTHOCT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOCB LEAD PROBLEMS PRINTED IN l'. S. A. 155 p i'e l is h e r s p r in t in g c o mp a n y NEW YORK CITY LIA2?92?