Document rBbvX8woK93GVKw2Bb8KMMJkJ

SC-ELEC-03500 Section 24--Wire, Cable, And Assemblies (Except Magnet Wire) Author Credtf Tbi* entire section we* staff pre pared. INTRODUCTION Wires and cabies are an extremely complex subject. Thousands of pages could be written (and have been writ ten). There s no simple and easy way to classify wires and cables--some are described by form (such as flat), some by general application (such as power) or by specific application (such as switchboard), some by type of conductor (such as copper), some by type of insulation (such as var nished cambric), some by property (such as high temperature!, some by outer covering (such as steel ar mored ), and some by voltage ratine. Understandably, all this makes it very difficult to know where to begin and where to end in any fundamental discussion of wires and cables. ' In order to simplify this situation, this section has been prepared with the intention of giving readers basic knowledge on wires and cables--ter minology, selection considerations, common calculations and size data, construction materials (both metals and insulations), etc. This type of in formation is designed to permit read ers to determine where their interests lie so that they may consult manufac turers for specific recommendations. TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS The following definitions are a por tion of those approved by the Ameri can Standards Association (ASA C42.35 1957) : Cable--either a stranded conductor with or without insulation and other coverings (.single-conductor cable), or a combination of conductors insu lated from one another (multipleconductor cable). Cable Core--the portion of an in sulated cable lying under the protec- Ftgure 1. variety of polyethylene protected wires and cables includes (left to right/ control cable, thermocouple wire, high voltage anode lead wire, building itire. rural distribution wire, 600 v power cable, gas station wire. GTO wire, power cable, shielded twin lead wire, shielded control cable, and telephone cable f center}. Courtesy E. 1. du Pont de ,Vemours & Co. Inc. tive covering or coverings. Cable Core Binder--a wrapp' tapes or cords around the seve~ ductors of a multiple-conductor used to hold them together. (Ni Cable core binder is usually merited by an outer covering of i jacket, or sheath. Armored Cable--a cabie pro with a wrapping of metal, steel wires or tapes, primarily fo purpose of mechanical protecti Cable Filler--the material multiple-conductor cables to the interstices formed by the of the insulated conductors, forming a cable core of the d shape (usually circular). Cable Sheath--the protective ing applied to cables. (Note: power cables the sheath is us lead.) Jacket--a rubber or synthetic ering, sometimes fabric-reinfo over the insulation, core or shea a cable. Semi-Conducting Jacket---a p having a sufficiently low resistan that its outer surface can be ke substantially ground potential b grounded conductor in contact wi at frequent intervals. Concentric-Lay Cable---either: A concentric-lav conductor as defi later, or (b) A multiple-condu cable composed of a central core rounded by one or more laye helically laid insulated conducto Duplex Cabie--a cable com" of two insulated single condu cables twisted together. (Note: assembled conductors may or may have a common covering of bind or protecting material.) Lead Covered Cable (Le Sheathed Cable)--a cable provi with a sheath of lead for the pur of excluding moisture and affor mechanical protection. Multiple-Conductor Cable--& bination of two or more conducto cabled together and insulated f one another and from sheath or a 306 Insulation Directory `Encyclopedia Issue. Mar. IWl FIOTECT1VE COVttiNO OF OXOSEAl tO-mil OKOSEAL (COLOR CODED) 20-TMil OAOLEHE Figure 2. general purpose control cable for all types of installations with mulliwall construction. Photo courtesy The Okonite Co. where used. (Note: Special cables are referred to as 3-conductor cable, 7-conductor cable, 50-conductor cable, etc.) Serving of a Cable--a wrapping applied over the core of a cable before the cable is leaded, or over the lead if the cable is armored. (Note: Ma terials commonly used for serving are jute or cotton. The serving is for mechanical protection and not for insulating purposes.) Shielded-Type Cable--a cable in which each insulated conductor is en closed in a conducting envelope so constructed that substantially even- point on the surface of the insulation is at around potential or at some pre determined potential with respect to ground under normal operating con ditions. Triplex Cable--a cable composed of three insulated single-conductor cables twisted together. (Note: The assembled conductors may or may not have a common covering of binding or protecting material.) Conductor--a wire or combination of wires not insulated from one an other. suitable for carrying electric current. Bare Conductor--a conductor not covered with insulating material. Concentric-Lay Conductor--a con ductor composed of a central'core sur rounded by one or more layers of helically laid wires. (Note: In the most common type of concentric-lay conductor, all wires are of the same size and the centred care is a single wire.) ' Copper-Covered Steel IPire--a wire having a steel core to which is fused an outer shell of copper. Cross-Sectioned Area of a Conduc tor (Cross-Section of a Conductor) -- the sum of the cross-sectional area of its component wires, that of each wire being measured perpendicular to its individual axis. Plain Conductor--a conductor con sisting of one metal only. Resistive Conductor--a conductor used primarily because it possesses the property of high electric resist ance. Rope-Lay Conductor or Cable--a cable composed of a central core sur rounded by one or more layers of helically laid groups of wires. (Note: This kind of cable differs from a con centric-lay conductor in that the main strands are themselves stranded. In the most common, type of rope-lay conductor or cable, all wires are of the same size and the central core is a concentric-lay conductor.) Solid Conductor--a conductor con sisting of a simple wire. Stranded Conductor--a conductor composed of a group of wires, or of any combination of groups of wires. (Note: The wires in a stranded con ductor are usually twisted or braided together.) Cord--a small, very flexible insu lated cable. (Note: There is no sharp dividing line in respect to size between a cord and a cable.) Factor of Assurance of Wire or Cable Insulation--the ratio of the voltage at which completed lengths are tested to that at which they are used. Taped lnsulation -- insulation of helically wound tapes applied over a conductor or over an assembled gro of insulated conductors, (a) successive convolutions of a type o lie each other for a fraction of tape width, the taped insulation lap wound. This is also called positf lap wound, (bl When a tape is plied so that there is an open s between successive convolutions, construction is known as open butt negative lap wound, (c) When a is applied so that the space be successive convolutions is too small measure with the unaided eye, it closed butt taping. 1 ntercalated Tapes--two or mo tapes, generally of different com tion. applied simultaneously in a manner that a portion of each overlies a portion of the other tape. Strip Process Insulation -- ins' tion consisting of one or more of unvulcanized thermosetting terial folded around a conductor vulcanized after application. Thermal Resistance of a Cab the resistance offered by the ins tion and other coverings to the flow heat from the conductor or cond tors to the outer surface. (Note: I thermal resistance of the cable\ equal to the difference of tempers between the conductor or condu and the outside surface of the divided by rate of flow of heat duced thereby. It is preferably pressed by the number of de Centigrade per watt per foot of c~ Lay--the lay of any helical el of a cable is the axial length of a o the helix of that element. (N Among the helical elements of a may be each strand in a cone lay cable, or each multiple cond" in a multiple-conductor cable.) Direction of Lay--the lateral tion in which the elements of a run over the top of the cable a recede from an observer looking the axis of the cable. Strand - - one of the wi groups, of wires, of anv stranded, ductor. Twisted Pair--a cable com of two small insulated cond twisted together without a co covering. (Note: The two cond of a twisted pair are usually * tiallv insulated, so that the CO 308 In ErtryfiortPC's: Issuf. jcr:r is a special case of a cord, ire--a slender rod or filament of rp metal. (Note: The definition --is the term to what would be rilr understood by the term wire. In the definition, the word 'er is used in the sense that the h is great in comparison with the ter. Ij a wire is covered with :ion, it is properly called an ated wire; while primarily the wire refers to the metal, never- when the context shows that wire is insulated, the term wire .be understood to include the in- a.) oviposite Conductor--two or more ads of different metals, such as !nun: and steel or copper and assembled and operated in Uel. uck Taae--tape of heavy cotton c, such as duck or drill, which "he impregnated with an asphalt, her or synthetic compound. died Tape--fabric tape which has thoroughly filled with a rubber thetic compound, but not neces- y finished on either side with this pound. ingle-laced Tape -- fabric tape bed on one side with a rubber or hetic compound. `ouble-Faced Tape -- fabric tape led on both sides with a rubber -,-nthetic compound, Tape--filled tape coated on or both sides with a thin film of red rubber or synthetic comd to produce a coating suitable vulcanization. Type, Paper-Insulated Cable il-impregnated, paper-insulated ca sually lead covered, in which no sion is made for control of in pressure variations. ressure Cable -- an oil-impregpaper-insulated cable in which 've gauge pressure is maintained ' e insulation under all operating ditions. elf-Contained Pressure Cable--a ure cable in which the container the pressure medium is an impel ; flexible metal sheath, reinforced ecessary, which is factory-assemwith the cable core. il-Filied Cable--a self-contained ure cable in which the pressure medium is low viscosity oil having access to the insulation. Gas-Filled Cable--a self-contained pressure cable in which the pressure medium is an inert gas having access to the insulation. Pipe Cable--a pressure cable in which the container for the pressure medium is a loose fitting rigid metal pipe. Oil-Filled Pipe Cable--a pipe cable in which the pressure medium is oil having access to the insulation. Gas-Filled Pipe Cable--a pipe cable in which the pressure medium is an inert gas having access to the insula tion. SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS As is true with any electrical insu lating material or insulated compo nent, the selection of wires and cables should be based on how satisfactorily the construction materials used meet the conditions or requirements of use. Since wires and cables are used to conduct electricity, selection of con ducting metals in the proper size should be one of the first considera tions. Because of the great variety of uses, wires and cables are probably sub jected to a wider range of operating conditions than any other electrical component. If one visualizes the mvriad of uses outside, underground, submersed in water, and inside elec trical/electronic equipment, missiles, steel mills, mines, chemical plants, etc., the availability of so many dif ferent types of wire and cable can readilv be understood. Requirements of the application will determine the particular characteristics required. The discussion that follows offers sug gestions as to factors that should be considered but it is recommended that readers analyze their own specific uses to make sure that all require ments are evaluated. Wires and cables can be custom-engineered to meet nearly any conditions. From a physical standpoint, tensile strength and elongation should be considered for any wire subjected to tension or pulling during assembly and application or operation. Abra sion resistance is a factor during some assembly operations and for rtfso's fi teflon ^Laminate FOR RELIABILITY LOW BULK light/weight INSULATED WIRES FROM =30 AWG TO =2 AWG--AND SHIELDED AND JACKETED WIRE AND CABLE. Products ore being used efiecti major is essentia INSO Specialists are At your service with Prices & samples upon request Phone H. A. IboIIou at Murdock / 6-4258 or write: INSO Electronic Products, Inc. Wire & Cable Division 1200 Commerce Ave., Union, N.J. Print !D/ $2 on Reeder Service Cord Insulation Directory/Encyclopedia Issue, Mrr'. 190} 309 Figure 3, conductors aglow with corona. Corona, a discharge oj elec tricity, is emitted in this case because the three single conductors are ar ranged lor a transmission of 460.000 volts, but are being energized at a new world high oj approximately_ 750.000 volts. Conductors coming into the transmission tower from the upper right are without corona because they are bundled in groups of jour--the proper arrangement for transmissions O! this size. Photo courtesy General Electric Co. Figure 4. contour cable developed to replace bulkier round wiring in mis siles. Flat metal strip conductors em bedded in plastic ribbon save almost half the weight of conventional cable. Photo courtesy Hughes Aircraft Co. cables that might be pulled over the ground or which might rub against tree limbs. Cold flow of insulation can be important where the wire will be exposed to continuous pressure at par ticular. points. Flexibility and brittle ness are considerations from the standpoint of facilitating handling and service life if the wire is to be bent during use. Adhesion of the different materials of construction, hardness, resilience, and tear, im pact, shear, fatigue, and compressive strengths must also be evaluated for many uses. Expansion and contrac tion of the different materials of con struction relative to each other and to the whole are factors. Resistance to moisture and porosity are vita! for many jobs. Some of the electrical character istics that must be considered include conductivity or insulation resistance, surface and volume resistivity, dielec tric constant, dielectric strength, arc and track resistance, power factor, impulse strength, corona level, dielec tric loss, capacitance, and inductance. Thermal properties of wire insulat ing and conducting materials include the temperatures at which the mate rials soften, melt, vaporize, and freeze. Others are thermal resistance, co efficient of thermal expansion, resist ance to heat shock, specific heat, ther mal aging, low temperature flexibility, and thermal conductivity. Thermal properties are very important in mis sile work, in equipment which is re designed to fit smaller, more compact packages, and in areas where wires and cables are subjected to excessive temperatures during service. Among the other characteristics which should be mentioned are flam mability, chemical stability, and re sistance to acids, alkalies, fuels, oils, chemicals, solvents, radiation, weath ering, sunlight, ozone, salt spray, and corrosion. ELECTRICAL CALCULATIONS The following information from "The Rome Cable Manual of Tech nical Information." copyright, 1957, Rome Cable Corp., is published through the courtesy of the Rome Cable Division of the Aluminum Co. of America. Rome, N.Y. ImsulatioK Rotisfote* of Cablet In general there are two leakage paths, one through the of the material and the otherthe surface. Volume insulation resistance* electrics is dependent upon the resistivity, usually expressed in. ohm--cm. The d-c insulation ance @ 60F in ohms of a singwr ductor cable of iength L is ^ If 'Where k = specific resistance, cm d = diameter of condu D z= o ttside diameter suiated conductor L z= length of cable in If the unit of cable is taken as feet, the formula becomes R -- R logioy where R -' megohms--1000 ft. K = constant for insulati In this case Jv is known as sulation resistance constant an substituting this value in the formula, the insulation resistance be determined for any insulated ductor. Resistance measurements greatly affected bv temperature for this reason are usually cor" to 60 F by use of temperature cients previously obtained for the ticular insulation under test, temperature coefficients are ii most specifications for the insul under consideration. Surface resistivity is the re between two opposite edges of face which is usually 1 cm squar surface resistivity is affected b, conduction power of a thin moisture, sometimes mingled dust or foreign matter, on the s " of the insulating material. The sresistivity is often a thousand greater at low humidity than at, humidity. Capacitance of Coble The electrostatic capacitance _ length of insulated wire to grouU expressed in microfarads per lv --is C = 0.00736c D log l where e = dielectric constant ( 310 /rtsuiatioA Directory Encyclopedia Issue. 3fcr>\ 1961 ritir inductive capacity i <>:' the insulating material El = outside diameter of the insuiation d = diameter of the conductor dielectric constant is a specific of an insulating material both defined and measured by tio of the electrical capacity of a (jteer having that material as the ric. to the capacity of the same enser having air as the dielectric, delectric constant oi air is unity, trie constant is represented by reek svmbol r and is also reto as SIC {specific inductive ~ty) E alternating-current phenomena ated with electrical capacitance ortant in the wire and cable in on field. At most commercial and frequencies used in distribution, the capacitance are negligible. At relatively "'voltages the current due to cace mav reach sufficient value jSec:t1the circuit, and insulation for "applications is designed for modlow dielectric' constant. In unication work, the capacitance is pronounced and of great imgmmlance. Among other effects, the ca"iSaiotance of the wire determines the i4m;;m length of line over which -^teignai may be transmitted without live attenuation. It is important Kitlnsuiatians are designed with low ^^Bectric constant in the communica~ " field. . -~- P gach-ieef Streis la Coble Jnju/otion Strength dielectric strength of a cable ?on is the electrical stress rei to puncture an insulating wall thickness. This property is ed in terms of volts per mil . The dielectric strength of j^8S!*tiiig materials is influenced by of rise of the applied voltage te total length of time the voltage Implied. A slow rate of rise usually tuse the material to puncture at voltage than will a rapid rate' Similarly a material may with- relatively high voltage for a oe, but will fail at a lower of longer duration. For this A, the standard method emploved stable industrv consists of two tests. One is a short-time test whereby a voltage stress of 200 T/M is applied for a period of five minutes followed by a voltage time of 500 f'/Sec. until breakdown occurs. The other is a long-time test whereby 200 f /M is applied for five minutes followed by 209c voltage increases at five minute intervals. Maximum and Minimum Stress The stress at any point in an homo geneous cable insulation mav be cal culated bv the following formula: GORE TEFLON* INSULATIONS SMASH THE BARRIERS OF. . . 2.303 r logJ(1-^- where S = Stress in volts per mil at a point in the insulation r mils from the axis E = Voltage across the insula tion in volts d = Diameter of conductor D = Diameter over insulation r = Distance of point from the axis in mils According to the formula the maxi mum stress occurs at the surface of the conductor and the minimum stress at the outer surface of the insulation. By differentiation, it can be shown that the maximum stress (at the con ductor surface where r = d/21 has its lowest value when a 2.718 Electrical bones In Cable insulation Dielectric loss is the time rate at which the electric energy is trans formed into heat in a dielectric when it is subjected to a charging field (ASA). The operating temperature of any cable depends upon the rate of heat generation in it and upon the rate at which the heat is dissipated. The heat is generated by the I~R loss in the conductor and an energy loss in the insulation. This latter loss is called dielectric loss. The dielectric loss in anv cable equals the product of the specific in ductive capacity of the insulation, the power factor of the insulation and a constant which takes care of the geo metric dimensions of the cable, volt age stress, etc. It varies approximately with the square of the voltage. The power factor of a dielectric ma- COLD FLOW*ABRASION CORONA - HEAT MULTI-TET RIBBON CABLES Multiple-conductor flat ribbon as semblies that reduce weight, save space and minimize hookup errors.. Precise separation of conductors controls electrical properties. 'Vith straight PTFE. Type AR or CR insulations. TYPE AR INSULATION Filled Teflon to resist abrasion and cold flow even at elevated operat ing temperatures. Mineral fibers provide outstanding resistance to cut-through. TYPE CR INSULATION An improved form of PTFE insula tion with resistance to corona stress many times that of standard Teflon. SPECIAL HARNESSES Manufactured to customer speci fications from MULTI-TET ribbon cables, harnesses save weight and space . . , are available in any com bination of wire sties and conduc tors and with AR or CR insulations, ADvANCfD TfCHNOiOGV /N FiUOfiOCARBON PRODUCTS . L. CORE AND SSOCIATES INCOH OUt ED 555 PAPER MILL ROAD NEWARK, DELAWARE *D Pen! Tto4*#nsrk Print fD/ 3 on Reeder Service Cord insulation Directory/Encyclopedia Issue, May. J96J 311 9 3 WIRE CONCENTRIC LAY STRANDS 7 WIRE 12 WIRE 19 WIRE 37 WIRE- 61 WIRE 91 WIRE 127 WIRE CONCENTRIC ROPE-LAY STRANDS 49 WIRE 7X7 133 WIRE 19X7 133 WIRE 7X19 259 WIRE 7X37 259 WIRE 37 X7 427 WIRE 7X61 427 WIRE 61 X 7 Published through the courtesy of Rome Cable Division oj Aluminum Co. of America, Rome, N. y., from "The Rome Cable Manual oj Tech nical Information," copyright 1957, Rome Cable Corp. terial in an a-c field is the ratio of the power loss in the material to the prod uct of the applied voltage and result ant current. Expressed vectorally, the voltage will lag the current by an angle . less than the theoretical 90 degree. The power factor is the cosine of this angle and is often expressed in percent. Communication engineers frequently used the terms "imperfec tion angle" or "dissipation factor" $ for the complement of the phase angle 0. Hence, for an insulation with lowpower factor (less than .10) the power factor is equal to the tangent of the imperfection angle <J>. Power factor is an important prop erty in wire and cable insulations as it represents a power loss. In commer cial power cables, this loss does not become serious until it Teaches a value of 5</t or more--at which point the dielectric losses may cause excessive insulation heating for safe operation, particularly at potentials over 7300 volts. In communication cables, the power factor plays an important role as the actual power loss can repre sent an appreciable portion of the total energy in the circuit. Power factor is usually increased with increased water absorption, temperature, age and voltage. Most specifications for wire insulations state the maximum initial power factor or the maximum power factor after prolonged im mersion in water. The dielectric loss factor is the product of the power factor and the dielectric constant. 312 Insulation Directin';Encyclopedia Issue, May, 1961 ladaetaeca ol Cabl The inductance of a circuit coi ins of parallel conductors may culated by the approximate fomii L = (0.1404 loam----0.015 \ "a where L =; henries per 1000 fee2 conductor a = radius of conductor j b = spacing between cente conductors a and b must be expressed same units. The total inductance of a two^f transmission circuit per 1000 fe circuit is twice the above value^ formula applies to both cable cir and open wire lines. The inductance of multiple** tor cable depends principallv upon thickness of the conductor insula The belt or jacket affects it slightly. The formula as it stands may used for the approximate induct of two-conductor concentric or cos cable if b is taken to be the xn radius ol the outer conductor., resulting value of inductance that for 1000 feet of cable. WIRE 4NB C4J9LE CON5TRUCT1C a Wire constructions are complc varied. Cables may be jacket sulated. and shielded with manj ferent layers of many different^ rials applied in many different and sequences--and the same . true for the individual eondu within the cables. Thus, it can 1 that it would be impossible to . the constructions possible. Eacbi rial used is designed to contj something to the finished produC properties of some materia themselves to specific applio with related requirements. Otbg terials are more universal applications. Conductor materials may or stranded. The metals may alloys, plated, or clad. Primary^ tion and jacketing materials served varns. braids, tapes, Sap, felt, impregnants or coating extrusions. Some construction elude both inner and outer j braids, extrusions, etc. Shield generally braided or wrapped-^ JjTKl/CTION M4TFAMLS Addition to their use as cOnducfiuelais are used for shielding, or, and support in cables. In the of lead, it is used as a waterproof x. jacket. onductor metals are selected not the basis of their conductivity heat resistance, breaking , workability, coefficient of exSon, and other factors all enter be consideration of what Con or metals should be selected for ticular applications. Copper, of L is the most common conductor, other metals are being used in ggjeasing amounts and the same true for the various alloys and plated, or clad metals, letais for shielding mav serve a Saber of purposes. In coaxial cables, jJElghielding in combination with the jjptiuctor and insulation determines _dectrical characteristics with the [.of matching of impedance to re power loss of signals or rf y. In power cables shielding prei surface discharges by providing stress distribution. Shielding also rtkricts the electrical field of the conitetOT to the insulation and prevents aSemsl interference. ^Metals which are used for armor jjBvide many different types of phvsiai3 .protection. Properties of typical PROPERTIES OF RESISTANCE METALS AND ALLOYS (Batracted from Tabic* Prepared by Driver-Harm Company' MATERIA t- ii j RESISTIVITY ; r Ohm* : Tempera- : j <enil. foot) - ture ! i Coefficient COEF. OF LINEAR EXPAN SION i MINIMUM TENSILE APPROX STRENGTH MELT ; Lb*. /Sq. Id. ING 20 C POINT t F) Det C SPECI FIC GRAV ITY i Karma*.......... Radiohin*___ Nichrome*. .. Nichrome V*. Chromax.V.. Ntrex*....... ____: ___ : ___ ; ___ : MO too 075 050 too 590 IPer Dee C> Per Dee C t| .00002 i .00007 i .00015 ! ; .00011 ; i .00036 : i .000125, .0000133 ,0000155 .ooooi: .000017 .0000158 .0000161 1400 1480 1350 1400 1380 1395 130.000 90.00C 95.000 100.000 70,000 80.000 6.105 7.300 8.247 8.412 7.950 8.55 Comet*........... Nilvar*........... ___ ] Stainlea*. Type 304 . 1 M2 Alloy... Advance*.... 1! Therlc*............. Mansanin........ ! 146 Alioy.......... ; 152 Atloy. /., . i Duraoickel*-.. > Midohm*......... ; 33 Alloy ............ ___ ! j 494 r 438 ! 420 294 i i1 .00055 i .00135 : .00094 ' ,0025 ! .00002 ; .0035 i J 290 275 f 260 i260 1 180 162 : .0000)5 .0032 I .0036 i .001 .00015 : -0024 ! .000015 .000001 .000020 .0000053 .0000149 .000006 .00001*7 .000008 .0000095 .oooo4 .0000175 .0000145 ; j i 1 [ ; i ; ; 1480 1425 1399 12)0 1450 1020 1425 1425 J435 1100 1420 75.000 70.000 . 100,000 60.000 : 75.000 40.000 70.000 70.000 . 90.000 : 50.000 ! 75,000 8.15 8.06 7.93 8.9 8.36 8.192 8.17 8.247 8.75 8.9 8.60 R-63 Alloy . ., , ___ ! Hytemco*........ ___ : Magnc* (Qr. D**NickeI> Perrnamcke!**. ___ ; 95 Alloy............ ___ i Gr. E**NickeI. ___ ; 130 320 105 100 90 35 .003 | .0000152 i .0045 ' ,000015 i 1425 1425 .0036 1 -0036 ! .00049 : .0045 ; ,0000143 tOOOOM .0000175 ,0000146 ! i ' ; 1435 1450 1100 1435 70,000 70.000 60,000 90.000 35.000 60.000 8.72 8.46 8.750 8.75 8.9 6.813 Gr. W Nickel. ___ [ Lohm*.......... ., ___ High Braaa.... ___ 99 Alloy............ ___ Low Brass........ , ' 30 Alloy............ ___ Commercial Bronze 60 60 SC 48 40 30 25 .0050 : ,000015 .0008 ,000016 ; .0016 : .0000202 .0060 .000015 : .001 ' .0000191 : .0015 .000017S . .0020 ; .0000184 1450 noo 930 1450 1000 noo 1040 60,000 50,000 55,000 50.000 47.000 30.ooo 37.000 | 8.9 8.9 . 8.S3 8.9 6.6 : 8.9 8.7 *Reei*tcred Trade Mark of Dnver Harm Co. Rc^mcred Trade Mark of The International Nickel Company, Inc. TEMPERATURE WIRE AND Markel FLEXLEAD is the superior high temperature lead wire with insulation of extruded Teflon' o: Silicone Rubber over stranded con ductors of siiver-plated copper wire. Specify FLEXLEAD for applications requiring excellent electrical, chemical and thermal characteristics. TEFLON TYPE E 60P volt rating: Starr tested St 3000 volts. Contours to HIL-W-16S7SC, Type E. soecitications TEFLON TYPE EE 1000 volt rating: soar* tested a1 4000 volts. Conforms to H1L-W-16S7BC. Type EE, specifications. Write ar call tor same lay mailing of additional data, prices, it Maples to your specification. FLEXLEAD Tefion insulated wire is available in the ten standard RETMA colors, with up to inree spiral stripes for additional color coding. Sues from #30 through #12 are stocked tor immediate delivery. Du Pont Trademark L. FRANK & SONS INSULATING TUBINGS AND LEAD WIRE NorrtiTo*n. To BRoodw&y 2-8960 Priat ID/E 84 oit Jleoder Service Card insulation Directory/Encyclopedia Issue, May, 2961 313 V*. - u in";L i metals are shown in the tables on pages 313. 314, and 315. These ate published through the courtesy of the Rome Cable Division of the Alumi num Co. of America, from "The Rome Cable Manual of Technical In formation," copyright. 195", Rome Cable Corp., Rome, N.Y. Insulation and Jacketing Materials Quite naturally, the primary in sulation on a wire or cable is used for insulation purposes. In those cases where the primary7 insulation is the only covering, it may also be consid ered to be fulfilling jacketing func tions. Jacketing provides protection against moisture, solvents, acids, alka lies, fungus, chemicals, heat, radia tion. and physical abuse such as abra sion and cutting. Jacketing also holds cable elements together and prevents contact between shielding and ground. The method of applying the in sulation or jacketing material will influence end properties. Application methods include braiding, extruding, taping, and dip coating. Different forms of the same material may be applied by different methods with dif ferent properties resulting. Nearly all of the materials used for primary insulation and jacketing have been described in other sections and readers should refer to sections 6. 7, 8. 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20. and 21 for additional details. In some cases, information on magnet wires in sec tion 23 would also apply. It also should be remembered that fibrous materials are often coated or impreg nated. Highlights of important in sulating and jacketing materials will be briefly mentioned in the discus sion that follows with references to the sections in which additional general data may he found--since many of these materials are specially com pounded for wires and cables, readers should consult the manufacturers for specific data. Acrylic--available in fibrous form for vam servings and braids. Acrylic coating and imp regnant also available (mostly for other uses). Other syn thetic fibers find greater use for wire and cable insulation than the acrylics. In general, acrylics offer desirable physical and electrical properties and good resistance to most chemicals and weathering. For special purpo sulation, acrylic elastomers used--they provide excellent resistance and good aging prop but chemical resistance is spottysection 16. Anodic Films--most of the licity and possible potential for ! film insulation i aluminum oxide i ing on aluminum conductor) is! centrated in the magnet wire cation area but some other wire ap cations have been suggested. The t ing is thin, space-saving, inorg and resistant to extTeme temper (3600F melting point). Altho anodic film insulated conductors^ be bent and processed without rupt ing the film, flexibility is limited : live to other insulations. Asbestos--fibrous asbestos wire l cable insulation is used in the fo of yarn servings, felts, lap, rov and braid. Asbestos reinforced combined with other materials i used. Where space is important, bestos papers and purified papers may be used. Commonly, fft asbestos insulated wires and are available with all-asbestos ii Properties at Metals at 20*C Metal | Specific ! Gravity ALUMINUM.......................... ...: BRASS Commercial Bronze (90% Cu--10% Zn;.... . ...; Low Brass (80% Cu--20% Zni..., High Brass fTQfc Cu--30% Zn,..... ...; COPPER Annealed Wire (100% Condi... Hard Drawn Wire .... ..., (97.5% Cond;.............. GOLD... ............................. .... IRON................ ........... LEAD.................................... .... MOLYBDENUM . NICKEL.............. PLATINUM.......... SILVER........... .. STEEL (.Mild)......... ... 2.71 8,80 8.67 8.3.1 8.89 8.89 19.30 11.3 10.2 21.43 10.3 7.8 TIN.......................... TUNGSTEN............ ZINC.................................. . 7.3 ... 19.3 ...: 7.14 Specific Heat, Cal/ Gram- ^C 0.214 0.092 0.092 0.092 0.0921 0.031 0.107 0.031 0.061 0.105 0.032 0.056 0.107 0.054 0.032 0.092 Melting Point C Resis tivity. MicrohmCra 660 2.828 1015 995 930 4-66 5.93 6.90 1083 1.7241 1.7683 1063 . 2A2 1535 327 10 OA 2623 5,7 1452 7.8 1773 10.60 960 1.63 1300- 12 1475 232 11.5 3410 | 5.52 419 1 6 I Temper- ature Resis Coef. tivity, of Resis Ohms tivity, fmil, foot) per "C 17.00 .00446 28.03 33.78 41.50 .00143 .00114 .00098 10.37 .00393 10.63 14,55 60.14 132.31 34.28 46.91 63.75 9.80 72.17 .00383 .0034 .0050 .0039 .0033 .006 .00300 .0038 .005 69.16 33.20 36.08 .0042 .0045 .00347 Thermal j Tbermai Cond., I Coef. Cai-Cm/ | of Linear Sec-C j| Expansion Cm! 1 /C Tensilej Stren Lbs./StJ-1 0.52 0.45 i 23 x 10-f i I| i 1 j 18 x 10-* j 24,000 dj 95'1 0.34 0.26 0.92 ! 19 x 10-* ' 103,000 1 ; 20 x 10-` ! : i il 120,000 --tiM9 j 17 x 10-* | 36.000-40,' ! | 30.000-7^ o.7i. 0.16 0.083 0.35 0.14 0.17 1.01 o.n 0.13 0.48 0.27 ; 14.2 x 1 i 11.7 si1 ; 28 x I0-* 5 x 10-` ! ]4 x 10-` 30,0 1,8004.0 100,0 155,( ; 8.9 x 0"{ i 18 x 10-' 42.0 ; 9 x 10-` 50.000-70,' 1 fI 1 21 x 10-* 4.000-5,0 I 4 x 10-` ! 490.000-3 ! 28 x 10-' I 7.000-30.0 314 Insulation Directory 'Encyclopedia Issue. May. 1961 BARE SOLID COPPER WIRE Size*, Diameter*, Area*, Weight*, Breaking Strength and Resistance** *?v T.-. 3 /0 [ta/o l-r'4/O NOMINAL diameter lncho CROSS SECTIONAL AREA Circular Mil? Square Inche* : Lba./M ft. HARD DRAWN MEDIUM HARD DRAWN ANNEALED Minimum Breaking : Strength i. u. : Max. d-c Renitwct 20 C Ohm? W Ft. Minimum Breaking Strength Lbt. Maximum Breaking Strrocth Lb?. Max. d-c Maximum Ma*. Q-c Rmiunce Breaking i R]*tahcr IG- 20 C Strength 20 C Ohm* Lb*. j Ohm* M Ft M Ft 0.0010 0.0011 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016 0.0018 0.0020 0.0022 0.0025 0.0028 0.0031 0.0035 0.0040 0.0045 0.0050 0.0056 0.0063 0.0071 0.0080 0.0089 0-0)00 0.0113 0.0126 0.0)42 0.0159 0.0179 0.0201 0.0226 0.0253 0.0285 0.0320 0.0359 0.0403 0.0453 0.0508 0.0571 0.0641 0.0720 0.0808 0.0907 0.1019 0.114* 0.1285 0.1443 0.1620 0.1819 0.2043 0.2294 0.2576 0.2893 0.3249 0.3648 0.4096 0.4606 1.00 1.21 J .44 1,96 2.56 3.24 4.00 4.84 6.25 7.84 i 9.61 12.: ] 16.0 ! 20.2 ' 25.0 i 31.4 ! 39.7 50.4 : 64.0 : 79.2 ; IOO i 128 ! 159 202 ! tst 320 404 I 5)1 1 640 812 i 1.020 j 1.290 i 1,620 | 2.050 ! 2.580 : 3.260 ; 4,110 ! 5.180 ^ 6.530 : 8.230 ' 10.380 ; 13.090 { 16.510 , 20,820 ; 26,240 : 33,090 41,7*0 ! 52.620 ; 66.360 ! 83.690 105,600 133.100 167,800 211.600 : .785X10 : .950X10. 1.13X10* : 1.54X10 2.01X10 ; 2,54X10, 3.14X10. 3.80X10" : 4.91X10; 6.16X10- i 7.55X10[ 9.62X10[ 12.6X10i 15.9X105 19.6X10! 24.6X10! 31.2X10* 39.6X10* i 50.3X10- 62,2X10- ! 78.5X101 100X10- 125X10| 158X10j 199X10- f 252X10| 317X10i 401X10; 503X10! 638X10- i 804X10 1.01X101 1.28X10j 1.61X10i 2.03X10- | 2,56X101 3.23X10j 4,07X10| 5.13X10| 6.46X10- , 8.155X10! 0.01028 ! 0.01297 : 0.01635 ` 0.02061 | 0.02599 j 0.03278 i 0.04133 0.05212 t 0.06573 j 0.08291 : 0,1045 0.13)8 r 0.1662 0.00303 1 0.00366 : 0.00436 : 0.00693 , 0.00775 ! 0.00981 1 0.0121 0.0147 0.0189 0.0237 27.OX 10: 22.3X10- 17.2X10* ; 13.8X10' ; 26.8X10- 22.2X10= 17.2X10= - 13.7X10= ! 0.0291 0.0371 ; 0.0484 ; 0.06)3 i 0.07S7 j 0.0949 | 0.120 ! 0.153 0.194 1 0.240 0.303 0.387 0.481 0.610 0.765 ........... ...... 11.2X)0S ' 88c ; 674 , 533 431 344 272 . 214 . 168 : 136 ; lot 84,5 67.9 53.5 42.7 , 1 ; ...... 11.3X10= 876 671 530 429 342 ' 270 ; 213 ` 168 135 . 107 ' 84.0 : 67.6 3.2 ; . 42.4 j 0.970 1.22 1.55 1.94 2.46 ........... 33.7 26.7 21.1 16.9 134 ;. ! ,. , i 33.S ! i 26.6 r 21.0 : 15.4 ! 16.8 , 19.4 13.7 ; 24.6 3,10 3.90 4.92 6.21 7.81 9.87 12.4 15.7 19.8 24.9 31.43 39.67 49,98 63.05 79.44 100.2 126.3 159.3 200.9 253.3 319.5 402.8 507.8 640.5 85.5 108 13S 10,5 8.37 6.64 5.26 4.18 i ; j 67.6 - | 84.9 : ! 106 . 10.5 1 8.32 76.5 i 6.61 96.2 ' 5.23 120 1 4.16 i : ! ! 1 31,0 39.0 49.1 62,0 73.0 | 170 ; 214 1 268 j 337 j 423 3.31 2.63 2.09 1.65 141 ! 133 f 167 1 209 : 262 3 327 ! 151 : 189 : 237 , 29? | 372 i 3.29 j 2.61 2.07 ! L.64 , iso ; 98.6 1 124 ' 157 1P7 ! 249 [ 529J 660.9 j 826.1 ; 1030 j 1280 1.039 I 410.4 i 467.5 ! .8241 ! 513.9 - 585.9 f .6532 i 644.0 ! 734.8 [ -5180 ! . 806.7 | 921.2 f .4110 j 1010 : 1154 j 1.033 .8199 .6498 .5153 .4068 l 1 1 j 314.0 380.3 479.8 605.) 762.6 I 1590 J26CI 1265 1446 ' .3243 : 961.5 : 1970 .2584 ! 1584 ` 1814 I .2571 j 1213 i 2439 .2050 1984 : 2273 1 .2039 ! 1529 3002 > .1625 2450 ! 28 H ; .1617 1 1928 ] 3688 ! .1269 ' 3024 1 3484 : .1282 j 2437 ; 4518 ! .1022 j 3731 4311 i .1016 ! 2985 5519 | .08021 i 4599 5330 i .07980 \ 3763 ! 6720 ! .06362 : 5666 i 6568 -06330 4744 j SI43 j .05045 6980 8143 ; .05019 [ 5963 ' 25.9X10= 21.4X10= i J6.6X101 13.2X10= J 10.8X10= i 84? 648 . 512 415 331 261 i 206 16? j 131 ; 104 s 81.2 65-3 51.4 41.0 32.4 25.7 20-3 16.2 12.8 10.1 8.05 6.39 5.05 4.02 3.18 2.52 2.00 1.59 1.26 .9988 .7925 ,6281 .4981 -3952 .3134 .2485 .1971 .1563 ,1239 .09825 .07793 .06182 .04901 fepren' NBS Circular 31, 4U-. Ed Calculated per ASTM BJSS-51T. Published through the courtesy of Rome Cable Division of Aluminum Co. of America. Rome. A'. 1'. ble Manual of Technical Information," copy-right 1957, Rome Cable Corp. from "The Rome in combination with varnished ric (where moisture is a factor), in .combination with a thermoc (for switchboard work). The -tos felt is impregnated with er a flame and heat resisting comd or a flame, heat, and moisture ing compound. Suitable for low'voitage work, asbestos provides ex alt heat resistance, non-flammabilflexibility, and resistance to most cal conditions. It is used for er cable, rheostat wire, apparatus le, lead wire, range wire, appliance and cords, mining cable, and ler applications where heat is a iblem. See section 8. una A' is also known as nitrile her. Specific properties depend on the actual composition but generally, Buna N rubber offers excellent resist ance to oils and solvents. Ozone resist ance is good and is determined some what by the blend used. Buna N rubbers are the result of the copoiymerization of acrylonitrile and buta diene. See section 16. Buna S is a styrene-butadiene copolymer synthetic rubber character ized by good electrical properties and moisture resistance. Ozone resistance, physical properties, and chemical re sistance are generally improved by blending with other materials. In this respect it should be mentioned that both the synthetic and natural rub bers are not used "straight" but are blended with each other and other products in order to improve proper ties. Thus, this discussion runs the risk of over-generalization--wire and cable producers should be consulted for specific information. See section 16. Butyl Rubber--a polymer of iso butylene with small amounts of isoprene. this is an increasingly popular insulation and jacketing material. When properly compounded, butyl rubber is characterized by excellent resistance to oxidation and aging, ex ceptional ozone resistance, and very good electrical properties. Resistance to moisture, physical abuse, and chemicals is also good. Applications include low and high voltage power cables, apparatus and equipment Insulation Directory/Encyclopedia Issue, May, 1961 315 leads, control cables, and various other cables. See section 16. Cellulose Acetate -- available in yarn form for wire servings and braids as well as in film form for taped insulation. These materials are characterized by very good electrical properties per unit thickness. They are non-corrosive with moderate to good resistance to chemicals. The film has been used for lead wire insulation. Moisture resistance is good. See sec tions 8 and 18. Ceramic--ceramic insulations are available in the form of fibrous alumina-silica yarns for servings and braids and also in the form of coat ings. Heat and radiation resistances are excellent. Manufacturers should be consulted in regard to film flexi bility and uses. Ceramic beads are another form used to provide physical separation. See sections 8 and 21. Also see mineral insulation below. Cotton--cotton is used for servings and braids. Flexibility and strength are good. Treatments are required to provide chemical and fungus resist ance. Heat resistance is limited. See section 8- Fluoroelastomers--a number - of these materials are available and some are suggested for use as wire insula tions in critical applications where high costs are justified. Properties of the different types vary but generally, they all are characterized by excel lent heat and chemical resistance. Five types are described in section 16. Fluorinated ethylene propylene-- FEP is similar to polvtetrafluoroethvlene I described later) but has a melting point about 50C lower and slightly different physical properties. It is more easily processed than PTFE. Heat resistance and chemical inert ness are outstanding. This material will likely be used in increasing amounts where requirements are se vere. See section 15. Gases--because of the complex con struction and handling problems in volved, gas filled cables are used only where necessary. See section 6. Glass--glass fibers are used in yarn servings and braids. High tensile strength, non-flammability, flexibility, and resistance to moisture and high temperatures are characteristics of glass fibers. Dielectric properties and protection against abrasion depend on other materials or treatments. See sec tion 8. Mica--mica is used as an insula tion wrap in wires and cables to a very limited degTee. See section 20. Mineral Insulation--mineral in sulated (MI) cable and thermocouple wire consists of one or more conduc tors surrounded by magnesium oxide insulation and enclosed in a liquidand gas-tight metallic sheathing. Be cause the construction is completely inorganic, the cable is very heat re sistant and inert to most conditions. See section 21. Natural Rubber--rubber by itself is lacking in many properties required of wire and cable insulating and jack eting materials. However, by proper compounding and mixing with other products, it can be converted to a ma terial with excellent phvsical proper ties, good electrical properties, and fair to moderate ozone resistance and chemical resistance. See section 16. Neoprene -- chemically, this syn thetic rubber is known as polychloroprene. Its first use as a cable jacketing material was reported in 1933. Its application over lead sheathed and rubber insulated cables has grown rapidly since that time. Although the electrical properties of neoprene are inferior to many other insulations, they are adequate for low voltage work. The physical properties of neoprene are similar in some respects to natural rubber but it is consider ably better from the standpoint of resistance to oil. ozone, heat, weather, sunlight, and aging. It does not sup port combustion and resists abrasion and cutting. It is used for a wide variety of wire and cable jacketing applications. See section 16. Nylon--nylon is available in three forms for wires and cables: as a yarn for wire serving and braid; as an extrusion material (primarily for jackets) ; and a coating. For conduc tors of any but a small size, the elec trical properties and hygroscopic properties of nylon limit its use to jacketing rather than primary insula tion. Nylon extrusions are character ized bv toughness and excellent oil resistance. See section 15. ,316 Insulation Directory/Encyclopedia Issue, May 1961 Oils--cable oiis and constra are discussed in section 7. Paper -- the National El Code permits the use of paper lated cable with a lead sheath underground service conductors, properties of unimpregnated paper are covered in section 9_, impregnated paper has improved trical and moisture resistance pro ties. Paper is also used as a filler. Polvester--this is supplied in~ form of yarns for servings and b and film for wire wraps. Gener the polvesters are characterized by_ excellent balance of strength, el cal, and thermal properties, contribute to considerable space ; Lngs in communication and o wires and cables. See sections 8 IS. Polyethylene--a variety of types polyethylene are used in wires cables in very large amounts. Po ethylene has excellent electrical p erties for wire and cable insulaO plus superior abrasion and solv resistance. These properties in cO bination with moisture resistan light weight, low brittle point, durability have helped make po etbviene the large volume plastic it is todav. Polyethylene is used an insulation or jacketing mat for hook-up wire, coaxial cable, co mnnication cable, line wire, lead w high voltage cable, etc. Conventio polyethylene has two limitation supports combustion and it is no flexible as some products. In where stiffness is a problem, PV often used. Flame retardant types polyethylene are available and similar in most properties to con' tional polyethvlene although the se ice temperature is more conservati Irradiated polyethylene can also supplied--the radiation converts po ethvlene from a thermoplastic to infusible plastic which cannot melted. Properties are quite sii to the conventional polyethylene cept that some improvement in h resistance and slight changes in oth properties are reported. There been quite a bit of investigation five to the use of foamed poiyethyle in coaxial cables--reports on act ilications continue to grow in numHigh density polyethylene re- riedly offers properties similar to ventional polyethylene with some ,provement in weathering, processjgt and phvsical toughness. See sec- [on IS. yp'typri'.1'n Irn:--a member of the ,e family as polyethylene, polyQpylene is the newer of the two. It the lightest of all plastics and is jlar to polvethylene but offers even tter heat resistance, tensile strength Jjrasion resistance, and lower dielec constant. For high frequency .0rk. a specially purified grade is re ired. Investigations are under way or the use of foam. See section 15 } Polvtetraftuoroelhylene--this is the [0st thermally stable and ehemically istant of all carbonaceous insulatig compounds. It is unaffected by light, moisture, and practically all lemicals. Temperature range is --90 --250C and electrical properties e very constant over the tempera te range and a wide range of freencies. Insulation may be applied iy extrusion or taping and in case here another material is used, by ' ipersion coating. See section 15. Pohtrifiuorochloroelhylene -- this ateria! approaches PTFE in many properties bu: is characterized by somewhat lower heat resistance. See section 15. Polyvinyl chloride--PYC is wideiv d for primary wire insulation or cketing on communication wires, intro! cables, bell wire, building e, hook-up wire, fixture wire, ippliance cords, power cables, light - cables, motor leads, etc. Manv different formulations are available eluding grades for high temperaes, low temperatures, flame resist:ce, deformation resistance, etc. ielectric strength is excellent and legibility is very good. Some forroulons may have limitations when adering toughness, moisture re liance. and resistance to chemicals. Bowever, by proper compounding, ese properties can generally be ored to meet the requirements of application. PVC is probablv the it versatile of the lower cost, contional temperature wire insulains. Set section 15. magnetic core dielectric inner conductor winding outer conductors Figure 5. construction of c delay cable suggested ior applications where extreme fidelity oj signal transmission is important. Photo courtesy Columbia Technical Corp. ' Rayon--this is a synthetic used for yarn serving and braid applications generally in the same applications where cotton can be used. See sec tion 8. Silica--silica fibers produced from melted quartz offer properties similar to fiber glass but even higher heat resistance i above 2000F ,I. They offer possibilities as yarn servings. See sec tion S. Silicone rubber -- silicone rubber extrusions offer retention of good electrical properties, resilience, and flexibilitv after long-time heat aging at class H temperatures and higher. Excellent ozone resistance, low tem perature flexibility, long life, low moisture absorption, weather resist ance. radiation resistance, and corona resistance are other characteristics. Resistance to some oils, solvents, and strong acids is relatively poor. Air craft wires, nuclear cable, lighting wire, power cable, control cable, ship board cable, heat and cold appliance wires, lead wires, etc., are uses. See section 16. Silk--used very little today as yarn serving and braid. See section 8. I arnished Cambric--tape wraps of varnished cambric for insulation of w-ires and cable offer properties that lie between those of rubber and im pregnated papei. This applies to di electric strength, flexibility, resistance to moisture and heat, and handling cable connections and terminations. It provides greater moisture resistance than paper and higher voltage ratings than rubber. In dry locations, it may be used without a lead sheath. It can be used for low and moderate voltage cables. See section 12. PRODUCERS OF PRODUCTS COVERED IN THIS SECTION C<ie Product Lilted According to Insulation and Jacketing Material* Uied A! 61 Cl DJ El . F` G! HI ;i JI Kl li Ml Ni Ci Fj 01 R! Si *F l! i V- W; X: Vi 2. A2 BI C2 D2 ET F2 G2 H2 Acrylic Asbestos Buna N Buna $ Butyl rubbe* Cellulose acetate Ceramic Cniorosultonated poivetnyiene Cotton FiuoraeJattomen Fluoridated ethvtene propylene Foamed oieiecrnc Gas filled Gias& fibe- Jrreoiatec poiyitftyiene Mice Miderel |magnesium oxidel insulated Neturai ruboe' Neoprene Nyior O f fined Fao e* Po'veste- fioer Foiyester film Polyethylene Polypropylene Poivre'rafjyprpetrviene PorvT'ijiuorocruofoetriyiene Poivviftylcnioriae Ouarr? f*oe* Ravon Siilcone rubbe' Silt Varnished cambric Lifted Awarding to Application, function, type, or Form A3 Aerial 63 Aircraft and missiie C3 Aliov E>3 Apparatus E3 Appliance F3 Armored G3 Automotive H3 Bare 13 Building J3 Cable terminations K2 Ciec U Coevia1 M3 Coined N3 Communication 03 Contro' P3 Core sett 02 Direct curia1 PI Electronic S3 Fixture T3 harnesses anc assembles U3 Heetinc V3 High ternne-af ure W3 Higr volrage X3 Hooe-ijp Y3 ignrjjpr. 23 Leac covered A4 Lighting B* Line C4 Machine too! Insulation Directory/Encyclopedia Issue, May, 1961 317 D* Mining E< Motor teed" ^ Multi-conductor S-* Pierce, cieo, end coated H4 Poorer 14 Radio end television j* Rejirtence K4 Ribbon L* Service entrance M4 Snieioea N< Snioooerc ' CM Signei P* Sucmarine O* Switchboard R4 Teieonona $4 Thermocouple T< Tinsel U4 Unaerground NOTE: Symbols in parentheses following company name art coaes corresponding with goove listing wmcr. ind/cofe product! produced by company concerned. Only comoony names ore iistea her^~ see Section i tor addresses. 8o!d face type indi cates oeverf/seri--see aavertisen,1 //sting of hoc* or ooo* tor page numbers or advertisements. Producers ood Codes Advanced Dynamic*, Jnc. (Gl, B3. F3, U3 M4 $4} . Alpne Wire Corp., Subsidiary of Loraf Electronics Coro. (Dl NI, S). Tl. Yl, A2, C2. E2. A3, 83. N3. 03. RJ. T3, V3, W3, X3t 23r H, H4. J4 M4. 04. U<) Aluminum Co, of America, Rome Cable Cd. Div. (El. 1J. Si. Tt. Yl, C2.E2, F2, G2 A3, 83, D3 E3 tt. 3 13 N3. 03,03. R3, S3, T3 V3. W3 X3 Z3. A4 thru R, H4. M, L4. M4, 04. N, <?4, 114 Ame^ace Corp., Gavitt Wire end Cable Co. Div. (DL ll, Ki. Ni. ftl. Ti. Yl. C2. E2. D3. E3 N3 C3. ft?, S3 TJ. V3. X3. F4, 14. <4, M< 04. T4) American Ensa Coro.. William Brand-Re* Div, (|J XI. Li. N!. Si, Tl. Y/. A2. C2.E2. F2, A3 B3. D3. E3. U thru 03. 03, R3. S3 T3 V3 WJ X3 C4. 4 F4, H4. 14, K4. M4 thru R4) '' American Standard Wire & Cable Co. (Bl Dl. El C: Gl. I!. NI, Ol, ftl, $f, Tl. wr Xi' Yl 2'. A3. 52. C2. E2, F2, K2 S3. C3 03' Q G2 12. L3 N3. C3. 03, R3. S3, U3 thru Y3. A4 thru U <4 S*. 04} AMERICAN SUPER-TtMPCRATURE WlftES. INC.. SUBSIDIARY OP HAVEG INDUSTRIES <K1, NT, PI, A2, C2, F2, S3, L3, R3. V3, X3, Y3< P4. U4. S4] ANACONDA WIRE A CABLE CO, CAT thru ET, HI thru 01, SI. Tl, Ul, VI, XI, Yl. 21, A3. 2, C2. E2, F2, G2. H2. A3, S3, 03, E3, F3. G3. 13. LJ, N3, 03, p3. R3. S3. V2, thru 23, A4 thru F4. H4, 14, 34, 14 thru $4, U4> The Ansor.ia Wire ana Cable Co. (Tf. Yl, G2) Aooletor Machine Co., Doven Div. (U3. V3. C4) Beloen Manufacturing Co. (Bl, Dl. 6f, F! HI I'. Jl. Li. NI, RJ. SI, Tl. XI. Yr, 21, A2 C2,' E2. F2. A3, S3.03. E3, G3. J3. L3 thru R3. T3. V-3, VO. XJ, Y3. 64, K H4. 14, M4. R4. 74] Birnoac.iKaoio Co., fnc. (Dl. N|, SI, Ti. A2 B2. C2, F2, 53. 03. L3 thru R3. T3. V3 WJ, X3 Y3. B4, E4i ^ H4, 14. M4, N4. 04, Q4. R4) The Screen Co.. The Boroeti Chemical Co., Div. (C2. A3. B3, N3, R3) Boston insulated Wire & Cable Co. (Cl, Dl, Ef. Jl, JJ KI, LI. NI, Ol. Pi, Rl, SI, Tl, Wl, Xi.Yl, 21, A2, C2 02, E2. F2.3 thru G3 K3,L3. N3. 03. 03. R3, S3, U3 thru Y3. A4. C4 E4, F4. G4, 14. v4, M4 thru 04, S4. U4) CaoJe Designs Inc. (C. Dl. El, HI. Jl, Si A2. C2. F2, B3. D3. L3 thru P3. Ri. 13, V3. X3 c4 ttiru X4. M4. N4. 04. R4, S4) Cerarrasaal Inc. (J3) Cerro Corp.. Rocfcbesroi Wire & Cable Co., D/v. (81, FI. M. Ki. NI. Oi. PI, Rl. SI, Tl. Wlt X!. Yi.21. A2 tnrU F2, H2, B3 thru G3. K3, L3. N3.C3. R3 thru Z3, A4, C4 thru 14. M4 tntu Q4 S4) Chester Cable Corp. (11. L/r NI. Tl. Yl A7. C2, A3,83, D3, E3. F3. L3. M3. N3,`03 03, R3 S3 V3. W3 X3, Y3. A4 thru F4. H4. 14 L4, M4. N4. 04. 04. R4 S4, U4) ` Cicoil Corp. (F2, T3, F4| Coleman Caple 3c %Wire Co. (51. Cl, Dl E! If. LI N! Rl. SI. Tl. XI. Yl. A2 B2 C2 E2, F2. H2. A3, D3. E3 F3. G3 L3. M3 thru T2 V3 W3. X3. Y3 A4 thru F4. H4 14, M4 N4 CK 04. R* IJ4] ` COMPONENTS FOR RESEARCH, INC, US) M. R. Conner Electrical Insgiation Jnc. (Jl, M4) Continental Copper & Steel /naustries. Inc., HatFieid Wire 4 Cable Olv. (Dt E! SI Yl C2 F2. A3, 53, 03, E3. F3, G3. 13. L3. N3. 03. *3, S3, Ail thn^Ja A4 4hns , H4, U, L4 ttmi R4, T4, U4J Continental Sensing, Inc. (Ql, A3, S3, L3, U3, V3, S4) Oielectric Materials Co. (Ft. N. LI, NI, Ol, TJ, Wl, Yl, A2, B2, C2, 2, F2, A3, B3, 03. 63. G3, 13, LJ. M3. N3. 03. Q3. . S3, TJ, Y3. W3, X3. Y3. A4 thru H, H4. (4, M4. 04. 041 Bectrioable, Inc. (Tl. Yf, C2, B3V N3X 03. R3. W3, X3. 14, M4, R4) The Electric Autolite Co. (Al thru Gl, 11. NI. Ol, PI. ftl, SI. 71. VI thru 2i. A2. B2. C2. E2. F2. G2, B3,~WrE3. F3. G3. X3 thru 03. R3. T3. Y3 W3, X3. Y3, C4. E4. F4. G4. 14, ^4, K4, M4, 04 04. $4) Electronics Accessories. Inc* [S3, D3, F3 13. L3, N3. Q3. RJ, T3, Y3, W3, X3 Y3, F4, H4 14, M4, P4] Esse^ Wire Corp., Paranrte Wire 4 Cable Olv. (Cr. Df, El, HI, If, LI NI. Rl si, Tl, Yl thru 21, C2, 2. F2. G2. A3. 63. D3, 63, F3. G3. 13, K3, M3, thru 23, A4 thru J4, L4 thru R4 Ti. U4) GENERAL CABLE CORP. (Bl, Dt, El, FI, HI. IT. Ml, NI, pi thru Yl, A2, C2, 2. F2. H2, A3, B3r C3, 3. F3, 63. 13, U thru 53. U3 thru Z3, A4 thru H, H4, 14. U thru LM) General EiectrTc^ Co.. Wire & CabJe Dept, (BJ El. ll, Nl. =Oi, SI. Tl, Yl, A2. C2. E2 F2, H2, A3. B3, D3. Q. F3. G3. 13, U, N3. 03, 03. R3. S3, U3. V3. W3, X3, 23, A4 thru R. H4 14, L4 thru *4. U4) General Motors Corp., Packard Electric Oiv, {Al, Ct, Ol, El. HI thru LI, NI. Rl. SI Tl Wl XI. Yl. 21. A2. B2. C2. B. F2, 2. H2. S3. 03, 3, G3.L3. N3 thru Y3. C4. D4, E4, F4, H4 thru M4, 04, P4. Q4. S4. U\ Giasstronics. Inc. (Nl, S3, 03, 3. N3, 03 R3, T3. U3. V3. W35 W. L. CORE A ASSOCIATES, INC. (A2. B3. L3. N3. Q3< R3, T3, V3t W3, X3, Y3. F4, K4, M4) Gremar Mfg, Co., Inc. (A2. C2. L31 Harco Laboratories, Inc, (BJ, Nf, 01 TI A2 83. T3 V3. F4 S4) HAVEG INDUSTRIES, INC., TAUNTON 01V. (F2) Hudson Wire Co.. Cassooolis Div, (S3 D3 H3 13. R3. V3, X3, G4. 14. K4. 04, 04. R4. T41 Hudson Wire Co., Ossining Div. (B3. D3 H3, L3. R3. Y3. X3, G4. H, X4. 04. Q4. R4. T4) ` Huason Wire Co., Winjfed Div. (83 D3 H3 L3, R3, V3. X3, G4. U. K4. Oi. 04. R4 T4) Induction Heating Corp.. Subsidiary at Hathaway Instruments, fnt- (U3^ IN50 ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS INC., WIRE AND CABLE DIV. (A2. U, R3r V3) The International Slive' Co*. Times Wire and Cable Div. (CL Dl, Ei. KI, U. Nl Ol, ftl, SI. Tf^ YTT""A2, C2 E2 F2. A3, S3. 03 P3. U. N3, 03, 03. R3 T3. V3. X3. F4. G4 14, K4. M4, N4. 04. P4, U4) Kaiser Aluminum S Chemical Corp,, Electrical Conductor Div, (Cl, Dl, El. Hi IL Nl, Rl, SI. Tl. XI, Yl, C2. E2. PZ. A3. S3, F3. 13, L3. N3, 03, 03. R3, W3 23. A4 thru P4 Hi L4 thru R4. U4) The Xanthel Corp. (C3 V3. S4] The Law'is Engineering Co., Wire 8 Cable Div. (Bi. OL Tl. Yl, A2. C2, P2 B3. U, U3, V3, W3. F4. J4. S4I L. FRANK MARKEL A SONS (KI. Ml. Tl. Wl. A2, F2 S3, 02. f3. L3, N3, 03, R3. S3, U3, Y3, W3. Y3. 4. F4. 14, M4, 04, 94. R4, 4) Methode Mfg. Corp. (XP Microdot. Inc. (LI, Si. Tl, A2, C2 B3, L3 T2. V3. F4. M4) Miles HivoJt Ltd. (63. R3. W3) Moiecu-Wlre Corp. (C3) MOXNESS PRODUCTS, INC.. SUBSIDIARY OF PLASTICS CORP. OF AMERICA INC. (F2, T3) THE OKONITE CO., KENNECOTT WIRE A CABLE DfV. (VI, H2) Pacific Automation Products. Inc. (Si, Yl, A3 83. D3, F3. 13, K3 thru X3r A4. 84. 04, F4 H4 K4, M4 thru R4. U4) The Ren-Mac-Nye Co., FaJge Englneerina Oiv. fN3) ' Permaluster Inc. ^V3) Fhalo Piastres Corp. (Fl, II. Ll. TJ, Yl 2l. C* Phelps Dodge Cooper Proaucts Coro.. Habirshaw Cable 4 Wire Div. (Bl) thru FL HI .!!, XI +hrg Pi Rl thru VI, XJ. Yr. 2l A2 C2 thru H2, A3 thru G3, 13. L3, N3. 03, Q3 R3 S3. T3 V3 thru 23, A4 thru 14. L4 thru R4, U41 Phiiadelohia Insulated Wire Co. (Fl, Kl. Yl A2, C2, B3. E3. G3. U. M3. N3. 03. R3 S3] T3. V3. W3, XJ. Y3, A4, C4 thru J4. M4 04 0*. R4, S4) Physical Science Corp., Affiliate Packard Bell Electronics (GL B3. Y3, X3? Radiation Appiications Inc. (A2. A3. B3, Radix Wire Co. (Bl, Fl fl. Nr Yl, 2, E3. F3. G3. 13. 03. 03 thro V3, X3. Y2. C4. 64. F4. 14. J4, M4. Q4, R4. S4, U4) Ravclao Tubes, Jnc. (Ll. Ol, 83. C3, 03*. G3. L3 N3. 03. R3, T3, V3. X3. H, 04. Revere Corp. of America. Neotune Meter Bectronic Div. (Bi. HI. 11. KL Nl. Tl, XI, C2. B3. L3 03 R3. T3 V3. X3, F4 14. K4. M4, RONTMOR REISS CORP,, SYNTHETIC UCTS DIV. (F2, T3, V3. W3J - -- - (ADVi' ONE SOURCE FOR SILICONE RUBBER PRODUCT Sheets * Molded Parts * Gaskets * Sleeving + Extrusions * Tapes * See our oovemsement Section IT RONSIL PRODUCTS DIVISION RONTHOR REISS CORPORATION LiLtie Fpiis. New Jersey The Mifton Rotj Co. (P3, R3. 73} Sanoers Associates, Inc., Fiexorint Products (Al. Fl, Jl. LL Ni CL Tl. XL Yl, ZL A2, a, F2. B3. D3 3. G3. 13. N3. 03, R3, U3. V3,W3, X3, C4, F4 J4, K4, M4, 04* 04. R4} Saxton Produc+s Jnc. (Y| A2. C2. A3, 61. 3, L3. 03, RJ. V3. W3. X3. G4, 14, 04, R4) Secon Metais Corp. (Gl, 03, R3, V3, Z3, J4. K4. S41 Service Cebse & Wire. Inc. (Dl, pl Si, A2, L3, N3 03. R3 V$. W3. X3, X4. Q4, R4. W. S. Shotnoan & Co. IA2. 82) The Sherwin Williams Co., &edtrical Insula Div. (B. 0. c, G thru K. M. 0. ft, S, U thru Simplex Wire 4 Cabie Co.. Hitemp Wire* Div. (Si. Yl, 21, A2, 83, 03, F3. L3. ft3, V3, X31 Specrra-Strlp Wire 5 Cable Corp. (L3 thru R3. 73r V3, W3, X3. C4. F4. 14, K4. R4) Standarc Wire and Cable Co. (6l thro Zl, . thru H2, A3 thru W3 X3, Y3, 23. A4 thru Suflex Corp. (Nl. C2. F2) Superior Cable Corp. (Tl. Yl. A2. C2. A3. B3, U. N3. OJ. 03. R3, V3, F4. 14, M4, P4, R4. U4] Suroreftent Mfg. Co. (H. Jl, Kt, Ll, Nl. Ol, Tl. Wl, XI, Yl. A2. 52, C2. 2. F2, A3 G3. K3 thru 03. 03 thru Y3, 64. 04, E4 X4. M4 thru U4> Swealow. jnc., Youngstown Div. (B3, M3. 03, V3, W3. 14. Q4) Syivania Electric Product*, Inc., Parts Div. ( V3. G4) Tensolite Insulated Wire Co. Inc. (Si Ti, A2, C2. A3. S3. E3. F3. L3. R3, T3. V3. W3, X3, F4. H4. J4. K4, M4. N4. S4. T4, U4) Tevco Insulated Wire (Ll Tl Yl C2, 83, E3. F3, G3. L3, N3. 03, S3. V3, W3. Y3, A4. C4, H. 14, M4. R4) Thermal Wire of America (A2) ThermatJcs. Inc. f 11, Tl Yl A2 B2. 02, 2, 83. E3. F3. G3. 13, L3, N3 03. R3, S3, T3. W3. X3. C4, 64, H. 14. M4 Q4} Thermax Wire Corp, (A2. 83 C3, D3, LJ. N3, R3, T3. Y3. X3. F4. M4. S4J Thor Ceramics, Inc. (Y3J Topper Mfg. Co., Inc., Electronic System* Div. (A2) United States Steel Corp., American Steel 4 Wi' Div, (81, CL Dl Ei, N [ Ol, ft i thru Vt. F2. H2. A3. 03. F3 13, K3 thru 03 Q3. U3, W3. 23. A4 tnru F4. H4. L4 tnru R4, U4} Vemay Laboratories, Inc. (Cl D> EL HI. ftl. SI, F2, A3. B3. D3, E3. G3. N3, 03. U3. V3, X3. Y3, A4. 14, J4 ft4. S4} Warren Wire Co. (Bl, Gl, Kl, Tl. A2. C2, E3, G3. 13. N3, 03, RJ, T3, Y3. W3. X3. F4 G4. M4. 54; Wirecraft Products Inc. {NI Ol, Tl, A2, O, V3. X3. C4. F4. K*. M4) Wirekraft, inc. (N|. Tl Yl. C2. F2. C3. E3. 13, N3 03 thru V3. X3. A4, C4. E4. H, <K M4. T4 U4) World Wide Wire, Inc. (A2) The ZJpoertubing Co. (Si, KL 05. Yl, C2, S3. G3. N3. 03, 03. R3. T3. V3) * ADV 5- TO BOND FLUOROCARBONS all vou need is ACXOK FLUOROETCH SOLUTION and most any conventional adhesive See advertisement in section IS ACTON LABORATORIES 1180 Raymond Boulevard. Newark 2. N-J- 3IS Insulation Directory/Encyclopedia Issue, May, 1961