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HEATING VENTILATING AIR CONDITIONING GUIDE 1941 SIZING AN UP-FEED RISER When the riser is an up-feed, the opposite condition occurs; that is, there is a drop in pressure as the top of the riser is approached, due to the natural reduction in the gravity pressure, and to this must be added the pipe friction plus that introduced by the pipe fittings, all of which produce an excessive drop when compared to the conditions existing with a downfeed riser. To size an up-feed riser the minimum pressure of the street main, or other source of supply, should be ascertained and from this should be subtracted the pressure to be maintained at the highest fixture, namely, 15 lb per square inch, plus the height in feet above the source of water pressure, multiplied by 0.43 to change from feet of head to pounds of pressure. The total length of run from the source of pressure to the farthest and highest fixture should be ascertained, and this should be changed to equivalent length of run to allow for the loss occasioned by Table 3. Approximate Allowances for Fittings and Valves in Feet of Straight Pipe 6m or Pips (Ikchxs) H 1 \M 2 2h 3 4 5 6 90-Deg Elbow 4 5 5 6 7 7 10 12 18 25 30 45-Deg Elbow 3 3 3 4 5 5 7 8 13 18 21 Ttpb or Fnrora oa Valve Return Bend Gate Valve 82 10 3 10 3 12 3 14 4 14 4 20 5 24 6 36 9 50 13 60 15 Globe Valve 48 60 60 72 84 84 120 144 216 300 360 Angle Valve 8 10 10 12 14 14 20 24 36 50 60 the pipe fittings. Table 3 gives the additional lengths necessary to allow for the various fittings and valves. The drop allowable in pressure per 100 ft of run may then be obtained by multiplying the surplus pressure (over that required for the gravity head and to supply 15 lb at the fixture) by 100 and by dividing this by the equivalent length of run to the farthest or highest fixture. Where street water pressures are available the pressure drop through the meter and service pipe must be taken into consideration. Table 4 shows the pressure loss through meters. It also gives the minimum sizes of recommended service and maximum meter deliveries. Example S. Assume a street pressure of 60 lb, the height of the highest fixture 50 ft, and the length of the longest run 200 ft. Without knowing the additional length of pipe to be added for the fittings it will be assumed that this is about 100 ft. The surplus pressure which will be available for pressure drop will then be 60 lb -- (15 lb + 50 ft X 0.43 lb) = 60 lb - (15 lb + 21.5 lb) = 23.5 lb. 09 sik y 100 To change this into drop per 100 ft: 200 ft + 100 ft = per The pipe may then be sized from the maximum probable flow by selecting a size that dqes not give a drop in excess of 7.8 lb per 100 ft. CHAPTER 45. WATER SUPPLY PIPING AND WATER HEATING It will be seen from Example 2 that it is impossible to size up-feed risers without determining the drop allowable in both the horizontal feed mains and the toilet room branches. Having once ascertained this allow able drop, it is simply a matter of applying it throughout the system. Table 4. Pressure Loss Through Water Disc Meters A. W. W. A. Standards Rats or Plow Grx 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 800 1000 M 1.5 6.0 14.0 25.0 X 0.5 2.0 5.0 9.0 13.5 19.5 Apfbox. Pbesbubs Loss Through Mweru, Lb per Sq In. Pips 8m (In.) 1 m23 0.2 1.0 0.2 2.0 0.6 0.2 3.5 1.0 0.4 5.5 1.5 0.6 8.0 2.0 0.9 11.0 3.0 1.0 14.0 4.0 1.5 18.0 22.0 5.0 6.0 14.0 25.0 2.0 2.5 5.5 10.0 0.7 1.5 2.8 15.0 22.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.4 4 1.0 1.5 2.2 3.0 4.0 16.0 23.0 6 1.0 1.5 2.2 3.0 4.0 6.5 9.0 16.0 25.0 Minimum Sms or Service Recommended Satb Maximum Delivery or Meters Rats or Plow Gpm 1-20 20-30 30-50 50-100 100-150 Appbox. Minimum Pipe Size or Service, Main to Meter (In.) Maximum Length (Ft) 30 75 100 150 200 H H1 i i Hl 1 m l mmm lH 2 2 2 U4 2 2 2M 2H Meter Size In. % M l 2 3 6 8 Capacity, Gpm Based on 25 Lb Loss Through Meter 20 34 53 100 160 315 500 1000 ^Pressure loss through compound and current meters is less than shown in table. Forexact information consult manufacturers. 775 1 c