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HwBB-0007926 V V V a Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, ft.. May 1, 1938. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (A) News Items 338 PROGRESS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LEGISLATION, 1937. L. Stitt and F. P. Smith. U.S.Monthly Lab. Rev. 4j5, 194-204 (Jan. 1938). Following the Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of the Minimum "age Act of'Washington, great expansion in legislation setting standards of minimum wages and maximum hours for women and minors has occurred. At the end of 1937, Minimum 7/age Acts were in force in 22 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 339 PROTECTION OF WORKERS IN SANDBLASTING. Arbeitss*hutz, 48 (1938). German. This short account of a meeting of the sandblasting committee of the German., Society for work protection includes reports on the use of sand, eteel shot?a ad grit, dust-free working methods and suggestions for the solutions of variu| problems. 340 LABOR STANDARDS. New publication. The Survey of Labor Law Administration, published for sene time in mimeographed form, y the U.S.Department of Labor, Division of Labor Standards, has been super seded by "Labor Standards" in a neat printed form. It contain! seotiona en titled: Promoting Labor Standards, Safety and Health, State Labor Law- Administra tion, Conferences and Conventions, and Of General Interest, with news items under each, of interest alike to employer and employee. It is issued monthly at 76 cents per year or 10 cents per copy and can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 341 REGIONAL SAFETY CONFERENCES. Safety Eng. 75, 12 (April 1938). Among the state safety conferences in the near future, the following are an nounced: Fourth Annual Virginia State-Wide Safety Conference, at Norfolk, June 3-4; Ninth North Carolina State-Wide Industrial Safety Conference, at Asheville, June 10-11| and the 1938 Western Safety Conference, at Loa Angeles, Sept. 12-16. (B) Papers on Dust, Dust Diseases and Gergral Industrial Hygiene. 342 DUST SAMPLING WITH THE BUREAU OF MINES MIDGET IMPINGER, USING A NSW HAND-OKRATED PUMP. J. 5. Littlefield an! H. H. Schrenk. U.S.Bur. Mines, Rept. Invest. 3367 (lifer. 1938). Obtainable from Division of Information, U.S.Bureau of Mines, 7/ashington, D. C, No charge. The midget impinger described in our February bulletin, abstract #108, can beused with a hand-operated pump, described in the present Report. The p\p con sists of 4 cylinders with pistons and valves, 2 surge tanks and a gauge. The outfit is carried in a case with 9 impingers, and in operation the closed case is held by straps passing over the operator's shoulder, with a rubber tube lead ing from the case to the impinger. A flow of 0*1 cubic foot per minute is ob tained with a vacuum of 12 inches of water. Good agreement was obtained in a number of comparisons of the regular and midget impingers, in a wide range of 03117835 HifBB-0007927 References to Recent Literature - 2 dust concentrations, in 15-minute samples* The agreement was not so good with much shorter runs, especially in low dust concentrations, after which it was necessary to ship the samples some distance for counting* It is particularly necessary to avoid contamination with the smaller instrument on aocount of the small volume of liquid. For the present it is recommended that the user check the midget impinger against the regular apparatus under his particular conditi ons. 343 CONTROL OF XST FROM BLASTING 3Y A SPRAY OF WATER MIST. Carleton E. Brown and H.E.Schrenk. U.S.Bur. Mines, Rept. Invest* No* 3388 (March, 1938)* Obtainable o . from Div. of Information, U,S.Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. No charge. Tests were c-ndiActed by the Bureau of Mines in cooperation with the Anaconda Copper Mining Co*, on the effectiveness of a spray of water mist in reducing the concentration of dust in the air shortly after blasting and during mucking of the blasted material. The determinations were made in 3 specially selected rock headings with and without the use of a spray of water mist. The impinger method was used for sampling throughout. The use of the spray apparently made it possible to reduce the concentration of dust generated and thrown into the <3 air during blasting more than 99$ from the amount present when the spray was not used. That condition was generally reached in 2 of the 3 series of teat*. In the third the reduction averaged about 86$. The difference was evidently due to accumulated dust on the walls which was thrown into the air by the force of the explosion. These tests showed the importance of keeping the walla of work ing places free from settled dusts. Lust dissemination during mucking of ;material sprayed several hours before mucking was begun was much leas than tar ing shoveling of material thoroughly sprinkled just before and during muekiag, ar.d naturally the dust present after either spraying or sprinkling ia smell less than if the mucking had been dry. The results obtained indicate that atudy and adoption of a spray method for controlling dust during blasting might he profitable to operators who are faced with this duat problem. The use of auoh sprays is limited in places where there are serious objection* to increasing the humidity of the air. 344 METHODS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST SILICOSIS AND WHEN THEY ARE JUSTIFIED. D.Harrington. U.S.Bur. Minds, Inform. Cir. #6989 (Feb. 1938). Obtainable from Division of Infornntion, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. No charge. . Although the hysteria regarding silicosis and other occupational diseases has apparently subsided, it would be poor policy for employers to relax and revert to past conditions. Fairly comprehensive occupational disease legislation will probably be in force in nearly all states within the next 5 years, and the far sighted industrialist should study possible hazards and apply Imown remedies whenever possible. Although the dust laws are directed especially toward elimin ation of silioa dust, the engineer is making a bad mistake if he allows men to breathe heavy dust concentrations of any material. Dust in great quantities decreases efficiency of men and machines and causes respiratory trouble. Any vis iblydmta^ atmosphere is too dusty and indicates that preventive measures should be applied. After removal of the visible dust, further investigations of the occurrence of invisible dust may sometimes be necessary. Dust control should be kept in mind in design and equipment of workplaces. The various means of dust control - wet methods, dust-exhaust systems, ventilation and dust traps for dry drilling all have their definite applications. Blasting practice should be changed to gain maximum possible efficiency from explosives, thus reducing the amounts of poisonous gases left. Among possible improvements are the use of stemming and new types of blasting plugs, confining the time of blasting to the end of the shift, with adequate ventilation, wetting and water blasting. The use of dust respirators should be considered aa an emergency measure. Good housekeeping and physical examinations should be maintained and education of employees should be conducted *o as to seoure their oo-operation. 03117836 ttWBB-0007928 References to Recent Literature - 3 345 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON CONDITIONING AIR FOR ADVANCEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY IN MINES. D. Barrington and Sara J. Davenport. U.S.Bur. Mines, Information CN Circular No. 7001 (March 1938). Obtainable from Div. of Information, U.S.Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. No charge. This circular is the first of a series of 3 papers constituting a review of the literature on air conditioning in mines, with particular reference to health safety and efficiency. This paper deals with the physiological aspects of ex posure to air contaminated with organic matter, noxious and toxi# gases and dusts. The other papers will disouss the effects of abnormal temperatures and humidities and theoretical and practical methods of air conditioning. Space does not permit making an abstract of the 34 mimeographed pages in sufficient detail for mining companies who are interested, and they are advised to obtain the original paper. After an introduction* chapter 1 treats of general foul ness of underground air, including general physiological effects. Chapter 2 is a thorough discussion of gases encountered in mines, including blackdamp (mostly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), firedamp (largely methane and other hydrocarbons), afterdamp (a mixture of gases resulting from fires and explo sions) and the individual gases, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, with several pages devoted to the effects of oxygen in both excessive and insufficient quantities. Chapter 3 deals more briefly with dusts and their effects and dust prevention. The bibliography contains 70 references. 346 IEASUEES THAT CONTROL DUST HAZARDS. Albert E. Russell. Abstracted in Nat$oil Safety News 37, 34-6, 66 (April 1938). This is the report :f a general address, emphasizing the necessity of edoentlon of industrial physicians and sanitary engineers in the knowledge and reeofftition of occupational diseases. Individual tolerance to poisons is disoussed. Gen eral control measures are reconmended, including substitution of inert for harm ful substances, isolation of hazardous processes, use of wet methods* local ex haust ventilation, personal protective measures, selection of qualified persons, and keeping of sickness records. 347 SPRAY ATOMIZERS FOR DUST ABATEMENT. William Phillips .Mining J. (Rioenix, Ariz.) 20, 155-60 (1S38). Atomizers employing deliquescent saline compounds (chlorides of magnesium* ealcium, sodium) have given benefioial results at the Santa Ihria y San Juan mine. Designs for several atomizers are included, one for a spray used for the elimination of sulfur gases caused by blasting* a seoond whioh gives a high degree of atomization with small amounts of air and water and a third which yields an appreciable reduction in the dust content of the air. 348 SERICITE AND SlLICAt B30ERIMENTAL DUST-IESIONS IN RABBITS. S.L. Cummins. Brit. J. Bxptl. Pathol. 18, 395-401 (1937). Dusts of sericite and quartz were injected subcutaneously into the ears of rab bits, and also administered by tracheal inoculation. In connection with both series dead tubercle bacilli were also used. Lesions were produoed by both dusts, but quartz was more active than sericite in producing fibrosis. Serioite produced nodules similar to those resulting frcn silica after a long interval. Sericite and dead tubercle bacilli introduced simultaneously led go extensive necrosis and sinus formation in 2 rabbits. Inooulation with quartz dust and the dead bacilli was less destructive than when serioite was used. On the other hand, if the bacilli were added after inoculation with the dust, irritation was in evidence with quartz dust lesions, but not when sericite had been used. The author believes the experiments suggest that, possibly, serioite may not be quite an inert dust. 03117837 HWBB-00079'29 References to Recent Literature - 4 349 USE OF ADEQUATE RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. W.P.Yant. Mining J. (Phoenix, Ariz.) 21, No. 4, 46 (1937). No reprints are available. This paper is a brief review of the author's work which has appeared in Bureau of Mines publications and elsewhere. Protective equipment which has been approved by the U.S.Bureau of Mines has proved suc cessful in combating silicosis, as well as other diseases or infections from breathing dusts, whether dry or supported in a water mixture. Among other uses, the respirators also protect against inhalation of the mist produced in chromium plating and in spray-coating operations with vitreous enameling, also /"N against inhalation of lime during its application to the soil and of powdered insecticides used on plants and shrubbery. 350 TESTING DUST RESPIRATOR FILTERS. O.tf.Faber. Staub. 344-371 (1936). German. The work of the German committee for dust protective apparatus is described. The author gives a critical description of the filter testing methods of sev eral German investigators and suggests a new and relatively simple apparatus for the purpose. He suggests tests of masks actually worn in plants and raises the question as to how long a mask can be used and how over-use oan be preventedAn apparatus for producing dust clouds is described. 351 SILICOSIS IN FOUNDRIES. Elmer F. Andrews and Leonard Greenburg. From abstract in Safety Eng. 75, 49-50 (April 1938). Full information on the - original is not at hand, but it probably can be obtained from the N.Y. Stie Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St., New York City, (see note last page*) . A preliminary report on a thorough study of silicosis has been issued by the New York State Department of Labor. Each of the 311 foundries in the State was carefully inspected and 80 were selected for special study, on the basis of a representative cross-seotion of the industry. Roentgenographic examlattions were made and occupational histories taken on 4,066 workers out of the total of 4,169 employees of the selected foundries. Silicosis was found in 110 cases, including 88 in the first stage, 16 in the second and 6 in tho third. Signs of tuberculosis were present in 15. The engineering investigation 'of all foundries showed that 32 foundries were in good condition, 91 fair, 150 poor and 57 bad. Great variations were found in the character of the dust problem. Age of the worker in itself, apart from exposure, was not found of particular significance. The incidence of silicosis naturally increases with time of exposure. Of the 80 plants studied, 37 were entirely free from silicosis. They were mostly small foundries, and the laws of ctence would account for that proportion. Contrary to expectation, the silicosis rates among 180 eolored workers were lower than those for the group as a whole. General recommendations for foundry dust oon- trol are included. 352 FOUNDRY DUST CONTROL MEASURES. Theodore Hatch. Ind. Bull. 17, 114-8 (ifcreh 1938). Reprints obtainable from Division of Industrial Hygiene, New York State Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St., New York, N.Y. The following steps are involved in the production of a matal casting* (l) preparation of mold and core; (2) melting and pouring of toe metal; (3) breaking out casting from the mold and removal of core sand; (4) reconditioning the mold ing sand for further use, and (5) cleaning the casting. Each of these process es is discussed with reference to dust produced and means of dust control. Mold and core making is not essentially a dusty process, as toe sand is wet with 'water and oil, but dust may arise incidentally from spraying silica wash on ceres and from sand and other material scattered on the floor. Mechanical mold ing is more dusty than hand molding, and local exhausts may be needed. P3117838 HWBB-0007930 References to Recent Literature - 5 Likewise, melting and pourin.;: do not neoossarily cause much dust in themselves, but ttic heat and general activity set considerable dust in motion, and poison ous motel fumes are generated in. non-ferrous molding* The shakeout causes much dust dispersion, but it can bo reduced by allowing castings to cool as much-as possible, by wetting molds and floor, by delaying the shake-out until the night shift or the end of the day, ana by general caro in handling. Send reconditioning may cr may net produce dust, depending on the method used. Nhgnctic separation of metal end dry reconditioning are especially likely to raise dust. C:.stings are cleaned by tumbling or blast cleaning. The amount of dust from tumbling depends upon the tightness of the barrel and the amount of exhaust ventilation, ar.d d'ist escapes during loading and discharge of the castings. Blast cleaning is necessarily dusty and the best remedy is enclos ing the op-.ration. Good housekeeping end efficient local exhaust hoods are urged in all processes. Prcp-.r building construction and plant layout and general ventilation are discussed, with suggestions* 353 INDUSTRIAL EXHaUST VENTILATION. RESISTANCE 0? '.MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS. John L. Alder.. Neat, A Vont. J55, 40-1 (April 1933) See abstract -#206 March bulletin. In this paper the author discuss; s the effect of the form of elbows, enlarge ments, tapers, tees, breechings \r.d ''transformers". 354 DECISIONS ON SILICOSIS CASES. F. Sommer, lionatsschr. f. Unfallhcilk, 45, 74-95 (1938). Gorman. The author reports his experience in a number of silicosis eases, especially those made very difficult legally by tho wording of Gorman laws. In two oases in which X-ray findings could not explain the severity of the symptoms, non- pulmcnary tuberculosis was found at autopsy. The author states that deter mination cf silicosis is possible by exhuming a body some time aftor death. Silicotic tissue is very resistant to putrefaction. One body was oxhumed two years aftor death ar.d tho existence of silicosis was proved. ' 355 SILICOSIS .S .. I-EDIC.iL ,*ND SOCIAL PR03IEH. E. Eisaguirro. Rovieta Assoc. Hod. .vrgcr.tir-- 51, 51-59 (Dec. 1937). Spanish. The author surveys the important work dene in silicosis and cites a case that v/as brought to his attention, a man aged 40 had been working at sandblasting 7-1/2 years but had left on account of dyspnea, thoracic oppression and fre quent colds. No tubercle bacilli wore found. X-ray examiration showed dense shrd^-ws in the middle and upper parts cf both lungs. There was freauent rise of temperature -with increased expectoration. The patient died at tho age of 44. The autopsy showed pleural exudates, marked lobulation, and same granula tion. 2oavy deposits of iron, silica ard coal dust wore seen under the micro scope, and the general picture w. $ one of fibrosis, although in some places tho fibroblasts had disappeared. Lung permeability was absent. Large multi * nuclear cells were found, differing in morphological chorc.ctoristice from these seen in tuberculosis. 356 REDUCE DUST COUNT TO 'JXT.mz.: VfITK REDESIGNED 300THS. Ceram. Ind. 30 63-70 Upril 1938). The bri^f article relates hew the dust in the electrical porcelain department of the General Electric Co. was greatly reduced by installation of water-wash booths :.r.d later by tho redesign cf the booths. Dust concentrations of 3.8 million particles per cubic foot are now obtained at tho operator^ nostrils, v;hil the cuurt in the room outside is 3*5 million. 03117839 HWB8-0007931 References to Recent Literature -6 357 PULVERIZING SILICa SAND. D.M.Wilhelm. Rock Prod. 4U 47-8 (April 1938). This is a brief illustrated description of the plant of the Kllwood Send Co. Zanesville, Ohio. The dust hazard has been practically eliminated by the use of dust seals on all equipment in which dust is generated. 358 SOLVING TEE DUST PROBLEM. F.'U.Ortnsn, Jr. Safety Eng. 75, 13-6 (^pril 1938). Information obtainable from the author. Personnel 'imager, Koppers Company, Baltimore, 151. The- author briefly describes the dust control methods used ir. the grinding, milling and boring department of the Koppers Company at Baltimore. The original equipment, consisting of a number of installations was replaced by a central dust collection system, which has proved satisfactory for 13 years, v'ith. improvements that have `beer, added more recently. The area of ,--*1 the screen has been increased one-third by the adoption of an improved type of scram, without increasing tba size of the sorocr. house* As an auxiliary measure, a large portable vacuum cleaner, with interchangeable nozzles, is used for cleaning walls and ceilings. a 359 THE TEARING ON SILICOSIS QUESTIONS OF THE THIRD LAW FOR EXTENSION OF ACCIDENT INSURANCE TO INDUSTRIAL DISEASES. Lochtkemper. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg. 15, 9-12 (1938). German. The author discusses the present German law, which puts all forma of silicosis on a par with accidents, and, like many of our new State laws, paves the my for proper preventive measures. He also reports on some of his own experiences, including cases of silicosis in chamotte workers and in clay tube factories. One case was that of a man who, for a year, had shoveled grain mixed with sand, and another was severe silicosis in a v/orker employed in a room near a sand blaster. The author cautions against exaggerating apparently alarming symp toms, such as old calcareous foci; on the other hand, a careful history is essential and special attention should be given to light forms of silioosis contracted in earlier work. ' 360 ASBESTOSIS AND ITS RETENTION. T.Windel. Arbeitsschutz, 26-32 (1938) German. In continuation of the author's earlier work (abstract 271, May, 1937), he first presents more material on asbestosis in the textile industry. There are now about 1300 asbestos workers in Germany, and about 1000 are oonsidered to bo dangerously exposed, including weavers. Up to Iferoh 31, 1937, 27 oases of asbestosis, of which 16 were fatal, were reported. In 6 months of operation of the new compensation lav;, 10 cases have been idemnified. The earliest observed symptoms of the disease are seer, after 3 or 4 years' work. An X-ray examination of each new employee should be made, and another after 3 years and at regular intervals. Above all, observers must prove whether or not a light case v/ill inevitably progress in spito of removal frem exposure. Ob solete and new protective measures are contrasted, with illustrations, and the necessary technical improvements are described. 361 FHOTRONHEFLEC TONETER - aN INSTRUMENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF TURBID SYSTEMS. R. L. Libby. J Immunol. 34, 71-73 (Jan. 1938). .ua instrument for measuring the turbidity of liquids is doscribed in this paper, v/hich is included on account of the possibility of tho application of the method to the estimation of tho turbidities of inpinger dust samples. Light from a constant source is condensed by lenses and transmitted in a parallel beam through the liquid undor observation and falls on a blackened surface, on which a substance causing a current to be generated under the in fluence of light is placed, not in the direct beam but around it. The E.lf.F. generated is registered by a galvanometer and is a measure of the scattered 03117840 H86-0007932 References to Recent Literature - 7 light. The author found the device sensitive to about 0.05 mg. of barium sulfate. 362 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SMOKE PARTICLES, Herbert Frioss. Oasmasko 9, 137-40 (1937). German. This is a discussion of the principles underlying the effects of smoko par ticles upon light passing through the smoko and the utilization of these ef fects in studying the nature of smoke. The ultramicroscopc and the Tyndall motor arc described briefly as instruments for measuring smoke concentration or density. The application of these instruments as moans for testing the effectiveness of sr.ok- filters is 'Iso described. 363 C..SE 07 SILICOSIS. E.Rist, P.Valler"--Radot, G. Maurice, J. Lenant and GeuthicrVillc.rs. Gull. ot. mom. Soc. d. hop. de Paris 54, 214-221 (1938). French. The authors report on a case cf silicosis in a casting polisher, describing the clinical cours,, and .X-ray and pathological findings. They found pneumotho 3 rax, odherererco of lung to costal pleura., emphysema and many very small nod ules, up to 1 cm. in size, tho larger ones being caseous. Tuberole bacilli could not be detected by a ccreful search* The authors consider the case to be a a proof of th. vffoct of tuberculosis on rn existing silioosis. No signs of silicosis were detected in 8 other polishers with many years* experience* 364 DISEASES 07 IHE TEXTILE INDUSTRY, C..VSES ,.ND PROPHYLAXIS. E.R. Hurtado. RcWlsta del Irabujo 1, 79-86 (Oct. 1937). Spanish. The author considers dust the most important cause of disease in the textile industry, Ir. the cotton industry in Mexico, tho dust consists mostly of fine cotton particles and send. Chemical analysis of tho dust revealed the pres ence of 50*5 , silica, which accounts for the pulmonary trouble found among the laborers. Tho author recommends ventilation of tho carding imchines and use of respirators. 365 PRELIMINARY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY GF THE KANSAS ZINC AND IEAD MINES. C.C. Dills and a.L.Nichols. Invest. Rept. No. 1, Ind* Hyg* Sootion, State Board of Health, Lawrence, Kansas, (Dec* 1937)* Copies obtainable at nbove address* This preliminary survey n s been conducted to familiarize the department with methods of mining, dust control, statistics on employment, disability, and so cial environment, and to formulate a program for occupational disease control. Tho following recommendations are made: (l) collection of routine dust and air samples in each nine; (2) pre-employment and annual physical examinations of miners; (3) strict enforcement of regulations for safety and dust prevention? (4) bettor vontilation of working areas; (5) improvement of underground san itary facilities; (6) additional health services in the mining distriot; (7) prevention of dust arising from wind erosion of chert piles; and (8) detailed studies of the different mines. 366 THE DOCTOR'S P.J?T IN DUST HAZARD CONTROL. A.D*Lc.toriby* Safety Eng* 75, 45-8 (April 1938). This address before the Annual Safety Congress defines and emphasizes the part to be played by the doctor in the field of occupational disease provontion* Only recently h.-.c tho medical profession begun to consider man's environment ns part of its responsibility. "Medical rese-aroh has a definite place in in dustry, not mcr.ly to study such things as occupational disoasos, but to study the entire problem of the reaction of tho worker to hie particular environment, mental and physical; to holp create an environment suitable to the structure and physiological limitations of the human machine* For, after all, it is the human worker who turns the wheels of industry. TTo must not grind him to bits 03117841 HMBB-0007933 References to Recent Literature - 8 in the very cogs that he himself manipulates." More specifically, in the field of silicosis, the physician must bo able to tell the ongincer what dusts are dangerous, and must bo trained in the examination of persons employed and to be employed to work in dust. It is not his function to count or analyze dust or to apply preventive measures, but rather to interpret the results in terms of physiological hazard and to advise when prevention is necessary, a general discussion of silicosis is included, and the need of research, both engineering c.r.d medical, is emphasised. 367 THE GLYCOLS aND THEIR DERIVATIVES. Leonard J. Goldwc.tor* Ind. Bull, 17 119-20 (March 1938). Reprints obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygiene, Hew York State Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St,, Hew York, N.Y. In this, the fourth paper on the- subject, dioxan (diethyleno dioxide) is dis cussed, It has a number of commercial applications, especially as a solvent 'w in a large number of industries. The symptoms found in an investigation by the > Public Health Service and Bureau of Mines after prolonged exposure range from oye, nasal and lung irritation to congestion and edema of the lungs and hyper emia of the brain. The authors conclude, however, that "considering the low toxioity of dioxar. vapor and the warning intensity of concentrations below those which produced serious harm to guinea pigs, it appears that health hazards are slight under ordinary conditions of usage and reasonable exposure," Fatal cases of dioxar. have been reported without full details, but it is stated that tho vapor was inhaled. Autopsies showed hemorrhagic nephritis and central ne crosis of the liver. In other exposed workers, the only constant abnormal finding was an increase in neutrophilic leucocytes. Additional animal exper iments showed similar effects, v/ith the conclusion that dioxnn is by no means as innocuous as it is generally supposed to be, (C) Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer, Dermatitis, etc. 368 THE FORM.TIOi: 0? OXaLIC aCID FROM ETHYLENE GLYCOL aND RELATED SOLVENTS. F.H. Wiley, W.C.Hueper, D.S.Bergen and F.R.Blood. Haskell Lab. of Industrial Tox icology, Wilmington, Del* J. Ind. Hyg. 4 Toxicol. 20, 269-77 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable at the Haskell Laboratory address. Ethylene glyool, its mono-acotatc, diethyl ether, dihydroxy ethyl ether, and mono-methyl ether, dioxan and ethanol amine were injected into animals to in vestigate the formation of oxalic acid. Only ethylene glycol and its mono acetate were found to give an increase in urinary oxalic acid. One'injection of ethanol amine was fatal, so the oxalic acid formation could not be deter mined. The amounts of oxalic acid found from these compounds are scarcely suf ficient to explain their toxicity. Compounds containing ether linkages do not seem to hydrolyze in the organism. From the experiments of others, it is appar ent that the production of oxalic acid is dependent upon the formation of a two-carbon compound, both carbons of which are partially oxidized. All animals showed degenerative changes of the kidney which were of milder degree, but no oxalic acid deposits were found in the renal parenohyma as observed by others. The occurrence of these degenerative changes proves systemie organic injury following the introduction of these substances. 36S IRICKLOEETHYLEinS DEGREASING-ENGINEERING ASPECTS. Tfilliam B. Harris. Ind. Bull. 17, 120-1 (March 1938). Reprints obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y. State Dept, of Labor, 30 Centre St., Ne7/ York, N.Y. The control of trichlorethylene vapors in degreasing operations offers a very interesting 2nd difficult problem in the control of organic vapors. Trichlorethylene is widely used in removing oil films from metal parts preparatory to plating or spray painting. The equipment consists of a metal tank containing the solvent which is heated to boiling, and a water jacket around the upper 03117842 HHBB-000793^4 References to Recent Literature - 9 portion for condensation of the vapor. The metal parts are dipped into the liquid and than raised into the vapor until they are thoroughly rinsed by the condensed liquid. The outstanding factors disturbing the effectiveness of con trol features designed into the machine are* (l) extraneous currents in the working place; (2) withdrawal of liquid solvent with the cleaned parts; (3) improper operation of the machine and of the cleaning-out cycle. The heaviest exposure of the operation to vapors occurs during the cleaning-out of the ma chine, when the solvent is distilled and the remaining sludge must be raked out. For control of these hazards, the tank should be situated where there is a min imum of air movement, and no forced ventilation should be used. The heating of the solvent should be controlled thermostatically. The temperature of the oool- ing liquid should be low enough to insure complete condensation of the vapors, tut should never be less than the dew point temperature of the room; otherwise moisture would condense in the tank, increasing the diffusability of the sol vent, If the machine is gas heated, a positive suction should be placed on the flue, and none of the vapors should come in contact with welding operations or other open flame. Care should be taken to allow the parts being cleaned to reach the boiling temperature of the solvent before withdrawal. The operator should be provided with an organic solvent type respirator. Observations of two machines operating under good ani bad conditions confirmed the necessity of these precautions; a concentration of 50 p*p*m of triohlorethyleno wms found at breathing level in one case and 500 p.p.m. in the other. ^ 370 THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACTIVE CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCE FROM LIVES 7JBICH FRft* TECTS AGAINST LIVER DAMAGE DUE TO CHLOROFORM OR CARBON TETRACHLORIDE| AMD X STUDY OF RELATED COMPOUNDS. R,C.Neale and H.C.Wintor. J. Thant* ool.lxptl. Therap. 62, 127 (Feb. 1938). - It has boon shown in earlier papers that administration of a new fraotion of liver extract protects agcir.st the toxic effects of carbon tetraohloride and of chloroform. The present paper describes the preparation of this fraction and its identification as mono sodium xanthine. Doses of 100 mg. given subcuta neously to rats 24-48 hours prior to narcosis had some effeot, and two doses gave complete protection. Early administration is necessary, A list of several other effective substances is given. 371 EXAMINATIONS 0? LIVER FUNCTION IN DOGS POISONED 7T1TH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AND PHOSPHOROUS OIL. - E.Aubertin, A. Lacoste, R. de lAohaud and R Martinet. Coropt. rend. Soc. de biol. 127, 57-60 (1938). French. The liver function of dogs poisoned by prolonged dosing with carbon tetraohlor ide and phosphorous oil was studied carefully and liver ohanges were noted at autopsy. The function damage seemed to differ from that in men* It was note worthy that pronounced liver changes at autopsy were seen in dogs whioh seemed entirely healthy and in which only slight blood and urine ohanges had been noted, 372 STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF 1ETHEM0GL0BIN. VIII. THE THEORY OF JfiTHEMOGLOBIN FORMATION FROM ANILINE. C-. Schwedtke. Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Fharmekol. 188, 121-129 (1938). German. In experiments with rabbits it was shown that one moleoule of aniline reacts more than once with an equivalent one of hemoglobin. A partial breakdown of the aniline occurs before the action is complete. The amount of methemoglobin formed has a linear relationship to the dose of aniline injected* 373 INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL ON THE KETEEM0GL05IN FORMATION FROM ANILINE. G. Schwedtke. IX Ibid. 130-137 (1938). German. Experiments on cats and mice shown that the aniline effect on blood pigment is increased in the presence of alcohol, as is also true in men. Administration of aleohol a few hours after the aniline injection oheoka the disappearanoe of the methemoglob in. 03U.7843 HUBB-0007935 References to Recent Literature - 10 374 X. I-JETSEMOGLOBUT FORMATION FROM NITROBENZENE. G. Schwedtke and Lo-Sing. Ibid. 138-142 (1938). German. After subcutaneous injection of an oily nitrobenzene solution in cats, nethemoglobir. formed in the blood gradually but remained for several days, instead of disappearing more quickly as when aniline is administered. Nitrobenzene has no effect when simply sprinkled on the skin* Injuries to men ascribed in the lit erature to nitrobenzene, for instance frar. stamping ink, are in reality cases of aniline poisoning. o /TfN 375 XI. DINITROBENZENE. 7/. Heubner and Lo-Sing. Ibid. 143-151 (1938). German. Din.itrofcer.zer.es are considerably more toxic than nitrobenzene. The para com pound is ^he most toxic. As with aniline, there is a "circular process" in which the poison reacts continuously. Amounts of methemoglobin formed by dinitrobe.n2er.e may exceed the equivalent ratio 3 times with the ortho compound, up to 20 times with the meta, and up to 100 times with the para. The conver sion of the blood pigment by the poison thus has a catalytic character. The intermediary amidophenols evidently have the chief share in methemoglobin formation. e 376 EDICAL PREVENTION OF CHRONIC BENZENE INTOXICATION WITH SHCIAL REFERENCE TO URINARY SULFATES. Enrico C. Vigliani and Giannini. Rass. lied. applicata lavoro ind* 8, 376-403 (1937). Italian. Conjugated sulfates represented 60-70$ of the total sulfates eliminated by workers exposed to benzene vapors; they comprised only 10-20$ of the sulfates ir. the control groups* The determination or urinary sulfates together with the hematological picture was considered a good test for chronic benzene intoxication.. 377 STUDIES ON LATENT BENZENE POISONING. P. Eraile-Vreil, Perles, and A. Asohkenasy. Sang. 12, 151-179 (1938). (French). ' Characteristic benzene poisoning symptoms were found in workers engaged in Gluing together rubber coats, using a rubber adhesive dissolved in benzene. Only such workers *.vere examined as had not been officially reported ill. Tabu lar results are given. Red blood counts below 4 million were present in 33$ of the men and 82$ of the women, all apparently healthy. White blood counts below 5000 via re found in 38$ of the men and 63$ of the women. Leucopenia, eosinophilia and increase ir. coagulation time were in evidence in 25$ and less of the cases. Thrombopenia was found in 66$, and a tendency toward aplasia in a third of those tested. Hypochlorhydria in the stomach contents was found in all of 8 cases examined. The authors recommend hygiene supervision of home work conditions and periodic medical examinations. 378 SOLVENTS, THEIR HAZARDS AND PREVENTIVE 1EASURES. H.H.Vfeber. Reichsgesundheitsbl. 13, 77-79 (1938). German. This is a very general discussion of technical solvents and their hazards. The author includes boric solutions, lubricants and tempering oils among the sol vents. The dangers described include fire and explosion, acute and ehronic poisoning, skir. injuries and formation of harmful conversion products, and the preventive measures recommended are substitution of non-inflammable and non toxic solvents, exhaust systems, personal cleanliness, alteration in work, eto. Finally the author calls attention to the danger arising from the use of trade names that do not give a clue to the real contents of solvents. 03117844 KifBB-0607936 References to Recent Literature - 11 379 BLOOD DYSCRASIAS CAUSED 3Y 0CCUP..II0Ut X-FAY, RADIUM, LSAD ,*ND BENZENE, I.H. Held and A. Lieberson. N'.Y.State J. Med# 3, 186-192 (Feb. 1. 1938). The authors disouss the blood changes that occur after industrial exposure to X-rays and radium, lead and benzene, and briefly discuss the sources of such exposure and the clinical picture. They emphasize the possibility of success ful treatment, provided the patient is removed from further exposure at an early stage of the disease. Differences between occupational and spontaneous blood dyscrasias are pointed out. In the former, only one part of the hema topoietic system is affected at first and the injury spreads to other parts only after a considerable length of time, while spontaneous dyscrasias, after a short period of local attack spread quickly to other portions. Exposure to X-rays and radium has an especial affinity for the hemolymph glands, producing either relative or absolute lymphocytosis. In lead poisoning, the erythro poietic system is primarily involved. Benzene has a special affinity for the leuco-blastic tissue in the bone narrow, producing an early leucopenia, leading lat.'.r to secondary anemia. Xyler.o and toluene rosumble benzene in their ef fects, but in a lighter degree. Uitro and amido derivatives of benzene are more toxic than benzene on account of the methemoglobinemia produced* The effeeta of several drugs derived from benzene are similar to those of benzene. 380 INDUSTRIAL POISONING FROM CEESOL. M. Duvoir, R.Hazemann, H.Dosoille and P. J*llot. 3ull. et men, Soc. med. d Hop. de Pa.ris, Series 3, 54, 106-117 (193S) French. Seven men were engaged for 1 l/Z to 3 years in producing automobile brake bands, using a mixture of cresol, formol, ammonia and asbestos. Complaints of head aches, eructation and vomiting with high blood pressure and tremors, reminded the authors of similar symptoms among surgeons who had operated under a car bolic acid spray. Urine examinations of the workers showed up to 68 mg. phenol par liter, against the normal content of 12 mg. After improvement of the in dustrial process, the workers' blood pressure became normal in several months and the- tremors were- loss pronounced- Similar but lighter synptoms were seen in another plant. 381 OF TRIORTHOCRESYLFHOSPHATE. Adolaidc Ross Smith. Ind, Bull, 17, 118-9 (March 1938), Reprints obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y. State Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St., New York, N.Y. This substance came into prominence in 1930 when an "epidemic" of paralysis appeared among users of Jamaica ginger, particularly in the southern states, and investigations showed it to be present as an adulterant. iAter oases of paralysis were traced to the same material. It is used in industry toavery limited extent, the chief uses being ir. the manufacture of celluloid artiolos, as a plasticizer for pyroxylin, lacquer, and in the recovery of phenol residues from gas plant effluents. Symptoms are desoribed, but its exaot method of ac tion is unknown. The lethal dose in man is unknown but it is probably in the neighborhood of 1 g. per kilo of body weight. Only one case of industrial poisoning from triorthocresylphosphate has been reported, and in that case a worker was deluged with the crude hot product. On account of its low volatil ity, there is no hazard from the vapor. In a plant manufacturing 100,000 pounds a day without any special precautions, no oases of poisoning have oocurred. Investigation has shown no poisoning from contact with celluloid articles. However, on account of its serious effects when ingested, it should be used with caution. The isomers, trimetacresylphosphate and triperacresylphosphate, also used in industry, are not toxic, but they should also be used with caution on account of the possible presence of the ortho compound. 03117845 HWBB-0007937 References to Recent Literature - 12 382 CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING IN INDUSTRY AND ITS PREVENTION. Special bulletin No. 194, New York State Dept, of labor. Obtainable from the Secretary, State Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St., New York City. Price 50 cents. This bulletin presents briefly in a simple and practical way, the general principles of carbon monoxide poisoning in industry. A resume of the physi ological effects of exposure and absorption, with outr* nding sign* and symp toms, is providod as a background for an understanding of the rules of pre vention. More detailed consideration is thon given to the more important problems of prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning in industry wherever fuel is burned, and where workers are exposed to automobile exhaust gases. The maximum permissible concentration of carbon monoxide for continuous exposure is given, as well as a general outline for the medioal supervision of workers where, for special reasons, exposure to the gas oannot always be kept within safe limits. 383 CARBON MONOXIDE, Draegcr-Ecfto, No. 194 (Jan.-Fob. 1938). German. Tho entire issue is devoted to a discussion of carbon monoxide. After an intro duction by G. Stanpo, a paper on WHERE DOES CARBON MONOXIDE COME FROM! by E. Maujok includes a graph showing the carbon monoxide content of various gases. HOW DOES A C.iRBOM MONOXIDE FILTER WORK? by F. Bangert, desoribes the Draeger protective device, its uses and limitations. MEASURING CARBON MONOXIDE H THE EXHAUST GAS OF ILLUMINATING GAS BURNERS, by Bangert, describes the Draegef detector, which is sensitive to 0.02 volume % EXPERIMENTS ON THE CARBON ION- OXIDE CONSENT OF A STREAM-LINED CAR, by E. W. Steinetz, shows very snail UT~ bon monoxide concentrations to be produced. On a long trip behind truck with a poorly regulated diesel engine, the carbon monoxide in the oar ran aa high as 0.07^, Stelter describes a case of LOSS OF MEMORY IN CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. Although the patient recovered consciousness after resuscitation, he had no memory of the time between his becoming aware of oonfusion in a gas-filled room until he awoke after sleeping several hours. In the final paper by X. Thiel on CHRONIC CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING, the author ooneludes that there is no real chronic poisoning from that gas. His conolusion is on the basis of theoretical reasoning and lack of experimental proof* 384 TRANSVERSE LESION OF THE SPINAL CORD AT THE LEVEL OF T$ FIRST AND SECOND LUM BAR VERTEBRAE AFTER CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. E. Zipf. Deutsoh. Ztsohr. f. Nervenh 142, 39. (German). (1937). In a patient who survived about a day after carbon monoxide poisoning, were found various symptoms of paralysis of the' lower part of the body. Autopsy showed considerable swelling of the spinal cord at the level of the 12th dorsal vertebra, and histologio examination revealed perivaeoular round oell infiltrations in that region. There were no indications of another oause, and the oarbon monoxide poisoning must be considered responsible for the injuries. 385 ACCIDENT PREVENTION IN BLAST FURNACES. F. Rabeneick. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg. 15, 1-9, 25-37 (1938). German. This is an illustrated detailed description of technical installations for accident prevention and protection against oarbon monoxide. 386 FaT.iL POISONING FROM WELDING WITH ACETYLENE (DIS30US GAS). Mawioh. rbeitsschutz, 43-44 (1936). (German). The author discusses several cases of poisoning in welders caused by oxides of nitrogen, described in British and Austrian labor office reports, and hopes for clarification by further investigation. 03117846 HUBB-0007938 /a MEWS TUTU. 03117847 FOURTH SILICOSIS SYMPOSIUM. The Fourth Silicosis Symposium will be held June 19-23, 1939 at the Saranac Laboratory, Saranac Lake, N. Y. The Symposiums are held every two years to dis cuss aspects of and developments in the silicosis problem. This year's program is comprised of a variety of interesting and pertinent subjects by well-known authorities in the field. It will be somewhat broader than those of the past and will include, in addition to the general subjects, discussions on silicosis in various industries, as dolomite, iron, coal and gold mining, and in gypsum, cement, foundry'', and other industries. It is probable that the proceedings will appeal' in published form fallowing the meeting. Registration is limited to 100, t'iition is $25. Address applications to Secretary of Trudeau School, P. 0. Box 131, Saranac Lake, N. Y. I^j C tW 0 HW68-0007939 5$ o 0 References to Recent Literature - 13 387 STATISTICAL COMPILATION OF FATAL CaSES OF POISONINGS (EXCEPT CaRBON MONOXIDE aND ILLUMHUTISG GAS) aUTOPSIED AT THE MEDICO-LEGAL INSTITUTE OF &TNICH FROM 1914-1936V A Kogler. Sanmu v. Vergiftungsf. 9, 1-32 (1938). (German). This j&per includes reports of a number of autopsies in Bavaria, including accidental poisonings and suicides. The industrial cases include poisoning from fumes of nitric and other acids, nitrous gases and "soot inhalation.* 388 G..SES FROM CaRBON ARCS. R.W.Coltman. Research Labs., National Carbon Co., lnc., Cleveland, Ohio. J* Ind. Hyg. 4 Toxicol. 20, 289-96 (April 1938), Reprints probably obtainable from author. The author investigated the production of gases produced by carbon arc lamps of various types. Carbon dioxide is naturally the chief product of combustion, but nitric oxide is always produced in quantities which are the same whether alternating or direct current is used, and approximately proportional to the arc current for any ono type of carbon. Unimpregnated and therapeutic oarbons give off more fixed nitrogen than carbons containing rare earths. In small enclosed spaces the nitrogen peroxide, formed immediately by oxidation of the nitric oxide, may reach concentrations above the toxio limit. The amount of carbon monoxide, even in extreme cases, is negligible from the standpoint of health hazard. Ozone could not be determined on account of experimental dif ficulties. The results of a number of experiments are presented in tabular form. 389 THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INHALATION OF C.JIBON aRC FUMES. E.L.MoQuiddy, r J. Ferry Tollman, Leroy W La Towsky and Mil-ward Bayliss. Univ. of Nebrtafet College of Medicine, Omaha, Neb. J# Ind. Hyg. 4 Toxiool. 2, 297-311 (April 1938)-, Reprints obtainable from senior author. The paper presents some of the results of an investigation of hazard* in Ihe motion picture industry. It vras shown by the authors (confirming the results of others) that the undiluted gross fumes arising from an eleotrio carbon aro are toxio to animals* The pathological results, given with a number of il lustrations, show that the c;-.*nges are produced by oxides of nitrogen. 390 THE COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF THE CARBON ARC. E.L.MoQuiddy, J. Perry Toll^n, N. La Towsky and Milward Bayliss. J. Ind. Hyg. & Toxiool. 20, 312-20 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable as in preceding abstract. The results obtained with another type of arc than those used by Coltaan (abstract 388) are in general agreement with those of Coltanan. Four types of analysis for carbon, monoxide failed to show its presence in the exhaust fumes. No sulfur dioxide was found. There is no satisfactory method for the specific determination of ozone, and its presence eould not be oonfirmed. It was indioated that the M.S.A. carbon monoxide indicator is not speoifio for carbon monoxide in the presence of oxides of nitrogen. A fine ash of fairly definite composition is given off. 391 VENTILATION OF MOTION PICTURE BOOTHS. Philip Drinker and J. Raymond Snell. J. lnd. Hyg. 4 Toxicol. 20, 321-30 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable from Prof. Drinker, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. A modern motion-projector lamp was set up in a 3000 cu. ft. room whioh oould be ventilated or air-conditioned as desired. It was found that if the lamp was ventilated through the flue pipes at rates above 12 c#fm* there was no sensible escape into the room of nitrogen tetroxide or other substanoes formed by the electric arc. If the ventilation is adequate to dispose of the heat so that reasonable comfort to the operator is attained, it would undoubtedly be ample for the removal of any harmful products produced by the carbon aro. A rate of 12 c.f.m. through the flue pipe is sufficient. No recirculation should be used. VJhore a flue pipe cannot be used, the general ventilation of the stage should be sufficient to insure adequate removal of the heat and the products of combustion. i i < O.0 References to Recent Literature - 14 392 CANCER OF THE LOTS. 3rit. .Mod. J. 1, 682 (Mbrch 26, 1938). An editorial comment on the paper by J.A.Campbell, (our abstract 586, Novombor bulletin), oalls attention to his results that even where tar has been ex tracted from road dust 45# of tho r.icc still developed tumors, lending some apparent support tS^gtherwise very debatable proposition that the inhalation of silica disposes to lung cancer. The question arises whether the lung can cer found in mice is the same as that found in man? although Campbell supports the belief that it is, caution is required in intorprepation of his results. 393 CA'JCER OF THE lot:*, j. Argyll Campbell. Brit. Med. J. 1_, 755 (April 2, '38) The author, referring in a 1otter to the above editorial, shows the fairly close correspondence ir. composition between the road dust which he used and the pitchblende dust in the Joachimstal mines where the cancer incidence has been high. Both arc high in silica (44# in. road dust and 57# in Joachimstal) and iron oxide (4.5# and 6.5# respectively), which the author considers sig nificant. Figures for alumina, magnesia and lime arc also given* Animal experiments are being conducted with nickel dust from "old matte", from a source whore the incidence of car.cor is high, with the supposition that iron and other metals may play somo catalytic part in the development of lung can cer. The author reiterates his belief that the lung cancer found in mi o# and human lung cancer arc similar. (The cases of cancer in tho Joachimstal ^Lnes have giver, rise to somo controversy. Some authors attribute it to radllfli emanation, but others point out the very low amount of emanation present and believe that silica is primarily responsible.) 394 OCCUPATION AMD CANCER. M. Staciranlcr. MQnch. med. Wchnsohr. 85, 121-125 (1938). (German). The difficulties of collecting information and lack of statistios of indus trial mortality from cancer arc first described. Localisation of cancer de pends on tho site of immediate action of the damaging substance, as in the case of bladder tumors. On the other hand, definite organs and tissues prob ably have varying tendencies to react to a definite injury with cancer fonnatior.. Often the histological form of occupational eancer of definite organs differs from other cancers occurring in tho same organs. Industrial cancer of the skin and of the lungs, for instance, is usually a squamous ooll epithelioma. Furthermore, occupational cancer has a spocial tendenoy to ap pear in a multiple form. Often a prccancerous stage is noticoable. Disposi tion plays only a slight role ir. occupational canoer. 395 A STUDY OF MINER'S NYSTAGMUS. Ravmond S. Brock. Brit. Med. J. 1, 443-4 (Feb. 26, 1938). There are two general theories of the cause of nystagmus? those suggesting * somo toxic agency, and those postulating some form of fatigue. Exposure to darkness has also been considcrod as a factor. No connection with carbon monoxide or other noxious gas or vapor has been proved. The author arrives at no positive conclusion but states that* (l) prolonged work below ground may bring about oscillation of the eyes which does not necessarily cause dis ablement? (2) when disability does arise it is usually duo to an assooiated psychonvurosis, ar.d (3) prevention depends upon recognition of these facts, treatment of contributing disorders, diminished stress in the mine, barring of unsuitable applicants, improved economic conditions, and stricter assess ment of disablement. 03117849 JftfBB-8607940 :o, s d &d ^ HWBB-0007941 ' l/i References to Reoent Literature - 15 396 RHEUMATISM AMD MINERS. A. Fell. Press med., 179-180 (1938) (French). Data accumulated in various countries often show a higher incidence of rheu matism than of tuberculosis. In workers in a group of iron mines, 100 to 200 meters deep and slightly humid, the incidence of rheumatism is 41%, Out of 100 slate workers, 22 were incapacitated by rheumatism and lumbago, and 18 out of 100 cases of sickness in the mines were of those diseases. Chronic subacute forms of rheumatism are also very common among miners. 397 '"ORK PEYSIOLOC-Y. I.E.Atzler. Ergeb. d. Physiol., Biol. Chem. u. exn. Pharmakol, 40_, 325-436 (1933). (German). In this first paper of a series the author says in his definition of work physiology: "7' must search for ways to bring the working man to his highest physiologic efficiency and keep him in this condition as long as possible. 'i'e must arrange his work so that it corresponds to the laws of the human or ganism; above all, we must construct machinery and tools properly and adjust the operations to physiological rules." Heavy work is considered in this paper, with detailed discussion of the processes of the organism (metabolism, blood 3ugar, internal secretions, heart, circulation and respiration). The influence of training is next considered, and a discussion of fatigue follows, with a description of the fatigued muscle, the anatomy and chemistry of fatigue, and its effect on the nervous system. Abstract 351 Additional information - Also abstracted in Ind. Bull. 17, 61-2 (Feb. 1938). Reprint of abstract obtainable at address given, and the original should be available now or at an early date, as a Special Bulletin of the New ^ork Statt; Department of Labor. Correction: Abstract 310, April bulletin. The author's name should bo L. Breiteneeker and the reference. Deutsch. Ztschr. f. d. g&s. gerichtl. Med. 29, 187-9 (1936). 03117850 HUBB-00B7W To members of the Foundationj 7fti are nev; able to give improved service in securing copies of original papers when desired, on account of the extension of the work on the American Documenta tion Institute, 'ffe shall continue to give information that free reprints are available from authors v/hen we know that to bo the case, but when reprints are not obtainable or not readily obtainable, as in the case of foreign papers-, we car; make use of the following services: (l) 1'ierofilms of any literature available at any of 3 Government libraries in 'Washington may be obtained at 20 cents for the paper, plus 1 cent per page. A page on the miorofilm is about lxl-l/2" and the use of a magnifying glass is required. A viewer costing $1.50, obtainable through Science Service, is satisfactory for reading the films when only occasional use is necessary. A 5C cent iragnifying glass can be used, but not so conveniently and with more danger of eyestrain. A much more elaborate and expensive projection reader is also available, but the expense would not bo justified unless a large number of films are to bo read. A hand reading glass does not give sufficient magnification. (2) Photoprints, 5x3" are obtainable from the same service, at a cost of 20 certs for the article, plus 5 cents per page. i*o viewer is required. This cost is lower than that of photo prints heretofore obtainable, and may be higher or lower than the price of the nagazine. Ir. the case of foreign papers, the purchase of photoprints will save the delay in securing tho reprint or periodical from a foreign country. VJe cannot promise tha t every paper ir. our bulletin can be so obtained, but believe- that the great majority of papers can bo seoured ir. this form* If papers are wanted occasionally, tho microfilm will be less expensive, as the saving on a total of 40 pages v.'ill pay for the viewer. Wo shall be glad to secure photoprints, microfilms and viewers at cost, for members who dosire thorn, but it -will bo necessary definitely to state what is wanted. Of oourse, wc shall continue to obtain or to give- information on reprints whenever they car. be secured. 0311785^ .--n >: u HMBB-0007924