Document rB5YXbkr8wMbxZrzxMBXkL5ev

Inone mom. however, the new research is not discovering truths about women to much as it is flipping what feminists have been saying for' sojaetime, The evidence does indeed point tq so cialtraining that makes map and woman pay* cbotogicaily difanaL Bus. wiprifongly, the re searchsuggests that the trainingdoes not tend to oqdqpla the first six years of Ufo, as many theoristMfedparaxs had assumed. Ssptt d tfae studies have ootxp up with other apprising insights. For instance, juggling the multiple roles of wife, mother and worker actui ally seams to lessen stress, contrary to predic tionsthatthe increase in working mcahaia would multiply stress problems in suchwomep.' i Dr. OUUgaa miss Hast what soma psychology cal theories take to be women's defldanciesare tuincfmere differences from man. j Per wort is at otfos with that of Lawrence KotfM of Harvard, who elaborated' on a UgMfy of mofa) development formulated by Jean JHaget, the late Stria* psychologist; Dr. ' , Contiiwad on Pngs 0? :> EDUCATION ',;iT [ V 7*7------------------ -- " r-'V*yt**> >.. t t. College Freshmen fetter in Basics , I.' r By EDWARD 1, F1SKB P DETAILED picture la beginning to emerge of the nWp and .women who planned to enroll in this year*! college M treshman class. Qnw of the noi strike tng ftptHngs is that they arrtved at, college last UU witha stranger background Inmathematics,' iciww and foreign languages, suggesting that tbs parreot national emphasis op such basic counts la already showingresults. , ', S !>* high arhftol MHiiw Mihn ardpUtning to attend college, the QollegsBqard also found that while college bound eck stu* dqntt share In the general treqd toward better school preparation. black* as a group are now1 lasing ground. Tba percentage pf blacks : amaQg aQ oollegs students has taUsn from a hlghu9.1 percent In 1990to8Jpercent last fall. "We're In a state of alarm" said Hebert L. Al* bright, the president of Jobnsop C. Smith Uni versity In Charlotte, N.C., whs la an adviser on vtneriqr affairs to the board. "With,the cutbapjeg In Federal student aid, a lot of students Continuedon Page C1I* i \ eluded the pesticidLeef*t DDT and Kee>- gen only to replace it with an aiteroa- pone; the artifical sweeteners cycllae-- Uyfe that is as bad or worse. mate and saccharinn;; the,synthetic /O4'The of the job ahead hormone DES; the industrial cherai- /*PpPpeara daunting. An enormous cals asbestos, vinyl chloride, ben^' amt of work remains in testing, sene, formaldehyde and polychlori STiwring and controlling exposures nated biphenyls (PCB's); such con tochemical carcinogens. sumer products as hair dyes and chil- , 4The fundamental problem is dren's nightgowns treated with Tris, ' scientific ignorance, which prevents a flame retardant; and even such a more coherent approach to carcino common items in the American diet gens. Only when scientists learn the aa coffee and charcoal-broiled steaks. precise mechanisms by which cancer These and dozens of other - sub is caused and the role chemicals play stances like them were accused of in the process will they be In a posi causing cancer and often other health tion to abandon their* chemical-toy- or environmental damage. Each chemical attack and adopt a more flared briefly into public prominence, comprehensive program of preven generating headlines, scientific de tion and cure, some experts say. The bate and political or legal or regula most optimistic among them predict tory proceedings. In the end most the disappearance of cancer as a were subjected to regulatory restric major health problem by the end of tions or, in a few cases, banned en thecentury. tirely. Each then disappeared from public debate, to be replaced shortly Chemical Threat:by the next "carcinogen of the month" Th^i chemical carcinogens, How Great Is It?among all the causes of cancer, have for the most part attracted the great Bats Find Offspring Even in Cave's Chaos By WALTERSULLIVAN IOR those who love bats, or are fascinated1 by them, there are no more dramatic dis plays than their nightly emergence from __ their caves in the Southwest. It is estimated that as many u 70 milltod bats live in some caves in Texas, and at dusk they emerge In a fluttering" black cloud to bunt insects. i Particularly intriguing to animal behaviorism Is the chaos assumed to develop inside a cave when . females return at dawn to nurse their pups. The roof and walls pfthe cave often are'a seething mass of tiny, hungry, squeefing bat babies packed so closely together that as many as 10 have bqen counted per 100 square centimeters (15 . square inches). , Because there can be millions of pups In a *ingin est amount of public and regulatory attention. What has it all added up to? Are we being bombarded relentlessly by one manmade chemical carcinogen after another in a losing war against can cer? Or are we making steady progress in our efforts to control the hazards of carcinogenic chemicals? Although virtually any statement made about the role of chemicals in cancer is subject to dispute by one ex pert or another, recent interviews with mofe than two dozen cancer and health experts suggest tba main lines of development over the last decade can be summarized in these ways: 9Commercial and industrial chemicals, the kind that, typically raise alarm when detected at unex pected levels In food, air, water, soil, consumer products or the workplace, cause only a small proportion of the nation's450,OQQ annual cancer deaths, probably less than 10 percent by the mostwidely accepted estimates. 4Even so, such chemicals remains significant health problem, causing tens of of cancer deaths each year that, could potentially be prevented. , , The last decade has seen a striking shift of opinion among Government officialsend many scientists in the Importance attached to chemical car cinogens. ' In the 1970*s, a decade of great envi ronmental sensitivity. Government officials and scientists the role of ph*mii^i^ en countered in the workplace or the general environment as a major cause of disease, includingcancer. In J97t for example, Joseph A. Caiifaao, Secretary of Health, Educa tion and Welfare, warned the nation was headed for an alarming increase in. cancer deaths from occupations! chemical exposures. He based his warning on an estimate, attributed to 10 distinguished Government scien tists, that 20 percent to 38 percent of pll cancers in the near future would be caused by workplace exposures to just six industrial chemicals: asbes tos, arsenic, benzene, chromium, nickel oxides and petroleum frac tions. These themes dominated news coverage of cancer issues, of articles about cancer in the country's SO largest daily newspapers in 1977 and 1900, conducted by the National cave, and becausa thay nwe about in their moth ers' absence, U has king been assumed that each mother feeds the pups on a first-come, first-serve basis, without regard to bar own offspring. TheJ mrihsn hays been regarded as a "dairy herd** that feeds thepup population communally To test this hypothesis, Dr. Cary F. McCracken Female bats when they return to their eavee are of the Universityof Tennessee in Knoxville {ducked able, tn moot cases, to locate their pup among the lactating females -- with pups firmly attached to qSubstantial progress has been made in assessing the'extent of the carcinogen problem, establishing regulatory mechanisms and reducing exposures, although the extent of the progress cannot be measured and enormous gaps remain in regulatory surveillance. 9Tha impression that carcinogens Cancer Institute, found the most fre quently mentioned causes of cancer were environmental pollutants, job. related exposures to carcinogens, and chemicals or additives, according to a report In the 1984 winter issue of the Journal of Communication. But now the official emphasis has shifted. On March 6, while beginning millions of ether baby bats. Continuedon Pag* C3, are cropping up everywhere results* Continued on Page C/3 " >` ` , 1 ' a' STAGE: Schulb^rg revising `On the Waterfront' for Broadway, page C17./ A display of city's theater heritage, page C17. --wy ... , " i .11 "1 'I 11 i "' '. \ | ' , | |-- '' . ' *' - , 'n1 .... BOOKS: Graham Swift's new novel, `Waterl^nd,' page C19./ TV: Film,,and comedy series with body builders, page C21. --^----------- 'Ji----------- *s--.--' ... ................:----. v _____ ....:___ --_------:------------------ . r "1 V