Document r6knEkYa6Rbw7dYB3y33VGa4q

& \ A J H. SCHAEFER. GeneRAt- ma n a g e r . i ETHYL CORPORATION Ma n u f a c t u r in g a n d Tr a f f ic De p a r t me n t November 22, 19 43 PLEASE AOOPCSS REPLY TO :* CHRYSLER BUILDING 406 LEXINGTON AVL.NCW YORK CITY Dr. R. A. Kehoe College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Eden A Bethesda Avenues Cincinnati, Ohio Dear Dr. Kehoes Attached hereto for your information and files is Bulletin No. 32 dated November 19 from the Lead Industries Association covering lead hygiene and safety. Very truly yours. J. H. Schaefer & opLuJU Per 1-4 Att. LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 420 LEXINGTON AVENUE NEW YORK 17. N. Y. November 18 # 1943 LEAD HYGIENE AND SAFETY StfLtMTW52------ :-- To Members of the Lead Industries Association: Attached please find: A* Notes on U.S. Depar-tzient of Labor's "Princi pal features of Workmen's Compensation L&wsas of September, lS4S,n bulletin No# {.Revision of Bulletin No. 56. j 1 B. Abstracts of Recent Literature on Lead Poisoning. 4 pages. Secretary. N 24805.01 Lead Hygiene & Safety; Bulletin No. 32 A "PRINCIPAL FEATURES 0? WORKEN'S COMPENSATION LAWS ! AS OF SEPTEMBER, 19457" V<'q have been furnished with a copy of Bulletin No. 62, (Revision of Bulletin No. 56), "Principal Features of Workmen's Compensation Laws - as of September, 1943," issued by the U. S* Department of Labor, Division of Labor Standards* The Bulletin consists of 20 pages and covers legis lation enacted during 1943 and is a complete revision of Bulletin No. 56 which was published in January, 1943. Copies may be obtained from the Division of Labor Stand ards, U. S. Department of.Labor, Washington, D.C. N 24805.02 1 /-N --y Lead Hygiene i-'.foty Bulletin Mo. 32 ABSTRACTS OF RECENT LITERATURE ON LEAD POISONING E1 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. Report of Occupational Diseases in Connecticut for i-.Iay, 1943. The total number of diseases reported was 116, of which 104 were some form of dermatitis including 87 cases from oil. Ten cases of silicosis were reported and one each cf lead poisoning and radium poisoning. Conn. Health Bull., 57, 146 (June, 1943). THE PRINCIPLES AND FRACTICE OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE. F.J. Wampler, Editor. The 'MiIlians & V;ill-:i-ns Co., Baltimore lid. 579 pp. (1943). Price - $6.00. This volume is intended as a text book for students and for information of physicians now called on to undertake industrial practice. Thirty-three contributors have written one or more chapters each. Under a multiple-author plan, a book inevitably suffers from lack of uniformity in treatment and from abrupt transitions, but such defects are kept to a minimum in the present volume, and the organization in general is logical. The first 7 chapters deal with the layout of a medical department, methods of hazard control, industrial health, programs of governmental agencies and other organizations and other general subjects. Then follow chapters oh general hazards like temperature, humidity, pressure, light, etc. Several chapters then deal with toxic chemicals, followed by one each on electrici ty, dermatosis, pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, venereal disease, nutrition,care of eyes, traumatic shock and burns, and the industrial back. The important general subjects of nursing, compensation, rehabilitation, medical service for the smaller plant, and women in industry, are each given a chapter. The contributing authors are highly compe tent in their field, and in many cases some of the papers by the sane authors already abstracted in the Digest covor the same ground as their chapters here. One exception is the chapter on Light, Lighting and Seeing, by Luceish, whose discussion of optical theory and foots have: been outside our range. Altogether the book contains a large amount of valuable information for the student and physician. 1021 ANSWERS TO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROBLEMS. J.E. Weiss, Editor, and 4 associntes Occupational Sazards, Inc., Cleveland, 0., (1943). 699 pp. $10.00. This book is really a treatise on industrial health and safety, arranged in question and answer form and will interest not only those whose questions are those asked in tho titles but also those interested in learning the fundamentals of any of the fields covered. The topics treated in the individual sections arej (a) industrial skin diseases; (b) dust hazards; (c) metal poisoning; (d) toxic gases and vapors; (e) solvents; (f) miscellaneous exposures; (gj controls for airborne industrial hazards; (h) safety administration; (i) personal protectivo equipment; (j) mechanical safety; (k) tool protection; and (l) plant safaty. About 40 forms of reports in actual use by various companies follov:, and tho classification of potential hazards by industries and by occupation concludes the book. Credit for tho material oz' the book is given a number of govornmont offices and safety associations, and an excellent feature of the book is the insertion of copious bibliographies at tho end of the discussion of each subject. Each section is accompanied by numerous illustrations depicting sources of hazards and demonstrating protoctive measuros and other mattors pertaining to tho sub ject. No advertising mattor is included in tho book itself, but a 112-page booklet advertising safety equipment is inserted in the back cover. This book must be add ed to tho growing list of worthwhile volumes on health and safety. FORSKANSHIP AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION IN INDUSTRY. A.S. Johnson. American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. (1943j. 94 pp* A largo share of the duty of accident prevention rests upon tho foreman, and the book fills tho nood of a text on forom&nship primarily directed to safety. The field is well covorcd. The first chnptor deals with tho position and function of the foroman, with a list of the quali fications needed. Another is devoted to causes of accident, with the distinction be tween accidont and injury, tho analysis of both, the theory of accident occurrence and principles of prevention* The various kinds of machinery and environment which may cause accidents aro discus sod. In this connection occupation disease and toxic materials aro treated, although of necessity very briefly. The next three chapters N 24805.03 32 ABSTRACTS 0? RECENT LITERATURE Oil LEAD POISONING 22 deal with maintenance:, housekeeping and personnel control as factors in accident pre vention. Under the latter heading are sections on women in industry and on protective clothing, with a table showing the uses of various items of protective clothing. In the final chapter, aids to foremen including plant safety organization, the safety engineer, first-aid and educational material are discussed. The preface says that the book "is not easy reading. In fact, it deals in technical fashion with a difficult subject." That is correct in the sense that one cannot skim through the book. The author lias put the entire subject in terse, clear and forcible form, and the foreman with limited experience in the special fields of industrial hygiene and acciderft pre vention will have no difficulty in understanding the text. In fact, he will find many sentences that "stick in" on first reading. The book is well worth careful reading by all foreman and all those concerned with acoident prevention. I.IANUAL ON INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOR WAR '<< CRKSRS'. Committee on Industrial Health, Massachu setts Committee on ihiblie""Safety. (January, 1943). 39 pp. The "Manual on Industrial Health for War Markers" is one of the first of its typo to be published in the United States which completely embraces the subject of industrial health. A number of separ ate chapters have been written by a group of experts in thoir individual fields. The manual was prepared by the Committee on Industrial Health functioning under the auspices of the Massachusetts:Committee on Public Safety and was designed for use by laymen as well as professionnl workers in the field of industrial hygiene. The topics discussed include occupational disease prevention, industrial medical, dental and, nursing service, sanitation, nutrition, health education and safety, mental fatigue and morale, and hours of work. The natorial is presented concisely c.nd in a manner easily readable oven by the layman. Thus this manual finds its value not only to professional workers, but to personnel managers, safety engineers and others directly or indirectly related to the field of industrial health. An outstanding feature of this manual is the bibliography and the references v;hicii are listed at the end of each chapter. The bibliography lias boon selected with extreme caro and offers u rca.dy source of reference to tho busy executive and professional worker. Although originally designed to assist local health comaittoos in developing an industrial hygiene program, the manual has proven to bo a condensation of most1 of tho essential knowledge of the field of industrial hoalth. EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO TOLUENE USED AS CQ1.T0N5NT OF PAINTS (PART 1), L. Greenburg and others. N.Y. obaba ind. Bull., 52', 122-125 (ilarch, l'943j. The study presents data on the toxicity of toluene to 106 painters in a large airplane factory. The workers in cluded 51 spray painters, 51 dip painters, and 30 brush painters. A group of 430 fur workers constituted a control. Air samples taken under working conditions showed that exposures ranged from 100 to 1,100 parts per million, with an average of approxim*tely 200 parts per million. Exact environmental conditions are given, the dip room having the poorest exhaust system. Brief physical examinations were done and extensive labora tory blood studies made on all exposed workers. Results of the study include: 1. Physical manifestations, including enlargement of the liver in 30.2$ of the men and perforated nasal septa (probably due to the zinc chromate in tho paint) in 4.7$ of the men. 2. Erythrocyte counts were low, 17$ being below 4.5 million orythrocytes per cubic millimeter of blood. 3. Hemoglobin values were high, 38$ having 16 gm. or more per hundred cubic centimeters of blood. 4. Absolute lymphocyte counts high, although the differentials were normal. 5. Mean corpuscular volume was high. COffIERCIAL LEAD AS POSSIBLE INCITING FACTOR IN BROI'CHIOS-ENIC CARCINOMA: REPORT OF TTfQ CALLS. " (J. Black. Arch. Path., 35, 3(56 (March, 1543). Lead and radium belong to the same*"chemical family. As oomacrciaT lead contains varying amounts of radioactive substances, usuallyjradium D, it should be considered as a possible inciting factor in bronchiogenic carcinoma when its fumes and dust are inhaled over long poriods. In the two cases that Black presents there was continuous exposure to lead for many years. That carcinoma may not manifest itsolf until many years after exposure to irritating dusts was borno outiby the cases. The first patient Imd recurrent attacks of load in toxication and an amount of lead in the urine indicating that load was actually taken into the body. At necropsy, chronic fibroid pnoumonitis was found in both patients, suggesting some form cf chronic irritatio;i. Lee.i Hygiene Lr.fj zy Bulletin No* 32 abs t r ac t s o p r ec en t l it er at u r e c n l ead po is o n in g 33 LEAD HAZARD OCCURRING DURING REPAIR OF A BURNED SHIP. W.E. Fleischer and F.J. Viles. U.S. l.aval Hed* Dull., 41, 3S'6'-^oG U-larch, l34'3j*~ Tn the repairing of a burned ship, dust particles and lead were due to piles of* debris, consisting of layers of fiberglas insulation, ash from furniture, paint, wiring, eto., and Miscellaneous metal scrap* These piles of debris were carried into dumping platforms inside the ship, and then shoveled out through portholes* Host of the process was unprotected from the wind* Analysis of the debris showed a high concentration of lead due to the intense heat and reaction, during and after the fire. Samples of the air taken at the dumping and shovel ing operations and in quiet air all showed concentrations above the toxic threshold* These particles were small and did not settle out rapidly. It was recommended that respirators protecting against pneumoconiosis-producing, and toxic dusts, be worn* SCURVY CAUSED BY LEAD; POISONING TREATED EY TRANSFUSION. E. Rarael and J.J. Sc'nonk. Scweiz* ued* Woclischr*, 72, 364-6 (1942J. Vitamin C was ineffective in relcaving a case of scurvy complicating pTunbism* It is claimed that the abnormally low renal threshold caused rapid excretion of the vitamin C too rapidly* The renal threshold was raised by blood transfusion and subsequent vitamin C in large doses removed the scorbutic condition. It is suggested that blood lead destroys an oxidase necessary for vitamin C fixation* STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF WORKERS IN GAS ALP ELECTRIC WELDING. New Jersey, Dept, of T-qhnrT In general,' the code is an extremely f ine oho'. Several of the requirements call for some cccncnt* Those sections involving control of the fumo by means of dilu tion, involve a minimum ventilation rate of 350 c.f.m* per weldor, with a minimum,of three air changes per hour* Various tables in the code list the requirement for indi vidual positive ventilation devices* The code recommends 200 c.f.m. for black iron for shops having on air space of 50,000 cubic feet and over, a rate of 225 c.f.m* for shops loss than 50,000 cubic feet and a rate of 250 o*f.m* for welding in-confined spaoos* In all of these cases the exhaust outlet must bo located within 8" from the arc or torch. Since such deyicos control the fumes by means of local exhaust, there is no need, for an increase in air capacity, because of those different conditions* The tables also include ventilation rates to be used when the exhaust outlet is located at greater distemcos than 8'1* Such ventilation rates increase to 450 c.f.m. This latter rate would undoubtedly requiro a 4" flexible metal hose. Inasmuch as these arc rather clumsy and do not have an adequate bonding radius for all types of work, it 'would seam more practical to recommend an air flow of 200 c*f*m*, using a smaller sized hose lo cated nearer the 'work* This latter difficulty is recognized in the code with regard to work aboard ship* The recommendations involving shipyards in the code are excellent. Ventilation standards for welding on galvanized iron, steel, brass and bronze are also given. The codo requires the airline respirator in connection with the spraying of lead or its alloys, with tho choice of a respirator; or an indivual positive ventilation device with a minimum air flow of 350 c.f.m. is allowed in connoction with spray ing operations of non-lead alloys. No mention is made of cadmium, zinc, or other harmful metals. The nodical recommendations in tho Now Jorsey Handbook aro basod chiefly on those found in the American Safety Handbook H24, published by the National Bureau of Standards, U,S* Department of Cammerco, Washington, D.C. These safoty practices have proved to be of value for tho protection of welders. A RAPID HICRQAHALYTICAL II3TH0D FOR LEAD IN URINE. S. Kaye. J. Lab. & Clin. Hod., 28, 1171-1174 tJuhe, 1943J. Excess ammonium hydroxide as suggostod by Aub and his cov/'erzors for the precipitation and absorption of lead is unsatisfactory. Lead may, hewever, be totally separated from urine at pH 10 as suggested by Fairhall* Tho load is then quantitatively determined by an extraction titration procedure with dithizono* A maximal deviation of five per cent is claimed for tho method whiah is said to ~<o npid, sensitive and Tellable - From Author's summary* Lead hygiene <5: Bulletin No. ABSTRACTS OF RECENT LITERATURE 01! LEAD POISONING B4 TOXIC DUSTS, PUISS AND GASES IN INDUSTRY - G.E. Llorris. New England J. lied., 228, 327-33 (1943). The toxicity, mode of' entry and poisoning symptoms are described for antimony, magnesium,. manganese, mercury, lead and radium# Volatile solvents which act as asphyxiants, irritants or metabolic poisons are also considered# ASSOCIATION V.TETH POISONOUS CHEMICALS HI CHINA AND GLASS PAINTING. E. Nagner. Chem. Zentr., 1, (,l941J~i A report on the "use ox1 salts of arsenic, lead, copper, mercury, cobalt and cadmium iii glass painting, and the dangers to the workers. STUDIES' III THE DEPOSITION OF LEAD IN 3013. I. CALCIFICATION AND LEAD DEPOSITION. 7.R. Barrett", med. J." Australia. _1, 4'33-43'S Olay IS, 1943J. ' The rate oYdeposition of load is greater in epiphyseal""than in diaphyseal bone. This ratio was- found to be about two. The greatest rate of deposition is at the distal epiphysis. Similarly, the deposition rate of epiphyseal calcium is about twice that of diaphyseal calcium. The simultaneous lead deposition and removal of calcium from the bones, found by the workers, have been shown to be due to accelerated decalcification of compact bone, in which there was no lead, with simultaneous calcification and lead deposition at the epiphyses.