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SC-ALL-00912 SCF-ALLF-00270 u Industrial Health A fton-Techniail Symposium for Physicians end Laymen Medical Supervision of Workers Exposed to Dust By W. J. McCO.XNELL. M-D- AntMM MttfM VrMMttlia taMNM HE HAZARD reselling from s^s predating dusts, those haring a high Tan^a dotty pnxasa ia indua- peraPlage of free dBca are the most Uy has been given undue pobfid- impe/tant because exposureovera period ty within recent yen, and the confolifctrears distinctly predisposes the bdi- ing testimony of those who qwrialiae h rfdusl to tebemrloffs. the litigation field has led many indus It U addom. howecer. that any one trialists to consider claims of alleged' of these groups of dusts occurs singly dhrasc resulting front dost ctposurt as b Industry. Usual# e are confronted a form of racket. Although misty of hh a variety of dusts b varying com (hoe daims ut vague and appear to be binations, and untO leacarch investiga based upon a desire ts get mmefhbg for tion determine* the effects of mixed health impairment often fcf* dusts ta measured combinations. h is lows prolonged exposure to cerws dots. difficult. If not Impostibh, to evaluate The hannftflness ofdoss varies widely their degrees of harmfubeaa. with the pbytical aad dnwal natures of each substance. Certain dost* are soluble or a&gily;solohle la the body Diagnosing a Disease fluids and their harmful effects are pro* The diagnosis of a disease induced by portion*} to the tmkhy of the cost* eaptfurd to. dust ts entire# a medical pounds formed. Lewd, mercury tad problem, and b based upon a correb- tbm of the patbtt*i owiiptUun. tit Other dusts exm their hannftd rifects aynytoeasy and physical exammation. locally oo the ska sod ir1^ raem- Ubtfituy and X-ray exaanoatiecs tuixitt and tfeeegi faifeatico to the rta* most be btinded when indicated. The phsiary passim. ' jChronfc add and elimination or control of a dust hazard alkalis.arc example*. Attention has * requires the assistance of the engineer, been called recent# to. the probably the chemist, aad specialists in other harmful effect of dusts from radio-active atfeoces whore traSnfeg enables them to ores. A fourth group of dusts which are contribute additional fadonnatioo. It H babble or very difficulty salable b the -mm*"1 to determine the Source of the body fluids may brtbte harmful patho harmful dust, its concentration wtiMo logical hzng conditions. These may be . tltt breathing zone of worten,hsdienti- subdivided into ooo-flbrasts and fibrosis cal cpiopadtioa. and b most Instance*, ptodacbg dusts. (By fibrosis is nmb the paitide rise flammoti of the most the replacement of the wmr1 dtfp, With this bformation aad a ebstie hag tosne by an cnyfcfcfiag aav kwiwbdgc of the length ofexposuie, tissue.) tHwf bto consideration bfividual su*> The organic dusts, nobly the vege ceptibflny and other physical defects of table Shot, such s cotton, {ate. bap. cotata Individuals, the extent of the etc, are non-fibrosis producing dusts. dust hazard can be fairly well estimated. 7he fibrosis predating data ire Honied, Dost detenabatioes bdntethebe*- so far as we bate evidence, to a few of trmts where preventive measures most the borgaak mineral dusts, such as be? beappCod. Tbedfectlwe method of p?r* sflica, crystalline dficno, quarts. and station depends upon the tireumstanees certab combined xDieates. Of the fibre gfvbg rise to the haard and may indude the segregation of the dust- producing operations, the hooding or enclosing of the operations with the application of adequate exhaust vertfla- tion, increased general, ventilation, the use of protective dotting and reapimtoo, good housekeeping' sad, most Im portant of all perhaps, the consistent maintenance of all equipment for do*t control. The effectiveness of dust control measures in preventing diseases can be determined only by physical examina tion of the workers so exposed under competent medical supervision. The benefits which accrue to -the employer and employee alike, as a result o( the physical examination of all applicants for employment, as wdl as periodical examinations of those already engaged, would indicate very careful coasfder*ticc by industry cf aprogram for control ofjxkness. Socb a procedure protects the employer from engaging an appti* cunt already physically .or mentally fcn- palred who later may dshn disability for a ceodition either not associated with employment or contracted during * previous employment. The applicant's phytical and mental condition is cstah^ WW-aod by keeping records of fa ruhwquint Sbessea and the qootioo of responsibility for bjuriesaPd ifiHimu brined during employment need never arise. * The applicant is protected from en gaging to work for which be a physi* caliy Ell adapted. For examplcv an appli cant wftb aa arrested tubercuhsts trim seeks work la >*<** dusty If allowed to engage to neb work migbt readily convert an inactive tuberculafis into an active one. The same applicant, if assigned to a position that involved no such exposure, might be expected to continue for yean as a useful pro ductive workman. Many of the youngg individuals who seek employment have sever before re ceived a thorough physical examination irf consequent# are unaware of (bn deltas from which they suffer. As a resit of physics) examinations, many defects are located which may be CP> RATIONAL SAFETY ne*s 36 reeled before they hit* aowd ireqai- aUe damace. Furthermore. iftriptrnt tubrreuloius tmjajprcxrtj disease* of the baft, kidney*, and j hc*t of other dMWf of similar nature are discovered and the applicant referred for proper medical treatment which otherwise might have been postprmtd mnD too late. Of even more importance than the initial phywtal examination of appS* cam* b the periodic examination and care of oVf etnplojrex. Such proce dure serve* to check ti^r efficiency of pre ventive measure* designed lo prevent occupation*] diseases. it offer* the most effective way of controlling the health of larye poop*uiwnrfcets lv dbruermj! early not only occupational dbntts. hut many other conditions that go undb> coveted until the worker b acutely 31 or becomes disabled. If the various contagious condhkm* go unrecognized, others become infected. The information obtained from physi cal examinations affords- the medical stqitfvww the opportunity to make cer tain that employees ate engaged in suh- aWe wo-k. to correct the effects of undue exposure to harmful environmental no- dhkas. and generally to lessen all occu pational hazards. At a public halt's measure. It b fmposs&l* to over-estimate the value of such periodic examinations in establishing among employees interest in sickness prevntkau Foe a long time the importance of accident pmentko has been wtD reongoked by industry. The very earliest attempts at industrial tnedkxaeconsisted largely la the prevention and ueatmot of accidents occurring' in the ol employment, by systematic work along educational Hues and cstabSsbtnem of safety dqnnraezzts supervised by train ed personnel the occurrence of serious injuries tins been ewcmatdy reduced. Theproblem that enuftants ah Industries today b how to bring about a lib reduc tion in sn-ctikri occupational dbeaws. Since actions for ifimifi on account of diseases doe to alleged oegfigree of the employer are bring Irtru-'il wHh inovating frequency ta the cm! conns, many b3b have best mtrodueed in state kfStiature* tor the putpesa of farin^v. certain occupational dbeases under the compensation nets. At the pimat time cnrideAtit dbrarimt as to the advis ability of iododmg the dor important of the lung dbmscs caused by dusts, namely tilkosas under the cotnpermticn law b beard. Despite the fact that s3i- euris b purely an occupational dsessv none of the state workmens empatsalion taws in the I'shtd States specify tiRcotis at a compensable occupstfoaal disease, with the exception of Kentucky which passed an amendment, effective June M, IM4, permitting employers in certain industries subject to the saffea h hazard to voluntarily place them- compulsory physical wiiwnfaet on entrance to certain specified hazardous employment* and periodic examinations throughout exposure, neither of which was carried through. The Industrial O-vy^V t-Oa? 3ny Chrixtma* Seal. SEASONS GREETINGS 1934 Commbstoo of Wisconsin has devrieprd and put into effect a code which attempts to define a harmful cnxteeatratlcu of various injurious dusts and establishes a "sale Btnh" briow which the atmos phere of workrooms must lie maintained. The PetuuyUaiiia Coemuasiou recom mended a scheduled list of diseases and special provisions for the compensation of disabled workers with strong empha sis oo a medical board of control such as exists in the British Empire. These referenda serve to indicate the mm IlM trend of preacst-day thought with re spect to contad and diagnostic measures. Control measures cover a wide scope of cooditims to be standardized, which, besides physical exapunationa, indude methods of determining the extent of hacards: equipment designed to protect Help Fight Tuberculosis the workers; and the elimination or con trol of contributing factors. These problems can besolved only by the com* Wned experience of trained men in the various sciences. The diagnosis of the sehvs under the workmen's eompensa* dbenses resulting from qposure to in tian act with respect to tilkorfs. dustrial hazards and the extent of disa Of the eleven states and three terri* torid ra which occupational dbease Is romr*"nM*i ffve have schedules of 4Iwhm which shall be covered and none of these Ibts tilirmli, so that H is bility incurred obviously should be en trusted to medkal men specially quali fied for tiffs work with fadlities for adequate radiologies] examinations. Dis puted cases should be referred to a drimhehr not fumpemalJe in llTinob. board capable of enfl-ftnaffog the medi Minnoou, New Josey, New York, and cal. radiological, and pathnlogia! a- Ohio. In bx states mid two territories muffnations as well as the results of and in the District of CohnpMa, there ' scientific Investigations. b more or less general coverage for The set up of a proper program for occupational diseases, and sffknsb may medkal control of workers tqwJ to be brid iompromMc under lie fans of dret depends upon the number of em California, Conncrticut, District of ployees Involved and individual pbnt Ca&BSsbforKentoekjr, Massachusetts, by conditions, a series of articles under mutual consent of employer and em the title of "The Department ployees In Missouri, and in Xtzth Manual" fay Dr. Hart E. Fisher, pub Dakota and Wisconsin. lished b recent numbers of Industrie! The governors of a few states hart iledicae, gives a very comprehensive appointed commbrions to study th'r account of the organization, operation, methods far bringing dbeases caused by and routines of a medical dqurtmeat. certain dusts under the eougMSuatfan net and for promoting prevotive tnrnsuies. Valuable reports hare beet Issued by such commlwfrmi in Fenxqyfvanta and Massachusetts. wbQe New Jersey. Htt- Any number of Instancrs of adequate medical supervision of woikcis might be Ixsled, differing in emuin respects, but all retaining the csrentia! features of control measures. Briefly, these include: Dob and Wisconsin have studied the situation igfmgvdy. The Massachusetts and Wisconsin comuibtions recouunaded regulations for preventive measures, since the & ease b already a compensable one in I- Ijubinhemm of a medial Jqmminw wfm aiicouh fadloin mi qualified medial pnwwntL A paas iMlfiit f ill eptniiM mi Ae pitot clin2U.hr made tad Or medial npniw <knU. list all pekli health haixxdc tod (wncUatm hkaseH with d*lr phjxluloz'al vffects. If otcttMVf, hr ihonM the states. The Massachusetts conn eofufl *w*lh Radies to dttctwiww the hM"*- mission's recommendations included (PUese turn io peye 6j) NATIONAL SAFETY NEVS 62 BULLARD From Head to Foot (C<mtm*cd from fogt ti) hampered by air hose. The only avail wbo> the ptotoliff was able to prove, by able praugioo coder these coadtUossris referring to government publications a rcspirotqr with a filtering medium of dated twenty yon bade, whereto certain fiber or tissue. Only those types which manufacturing operations were described have beeB*^emo&strated to possess the as hazardous and means of combating, necessary fifirriog medium to gHe Saf&r these htHuds suggested. We personally aerit protection against fine dusts should know that to most instances manufactur be selected." . ' . ers woe not aware of the existence of From the tocgolng general informa these pubOcatuns." tion ft would)seem that the major de vekpmmts in industrial protective cloth ing relate to the prelection of the re* <spiraty organa. These developments Reference might be made here to the availability of practical Information from such sources as.U. S. Department of Labor, V. S. Public Health Service, have, no doofit, been given unusual . U. S. Bureau of Mates, National Safety* impetus in recent years by occupational Council, state departments of labor, disease claims, especially concerning American Standards Association, Insur lakath New types of protective eqtdp- ance companies, arid consulting organi mest against dnst to industry are being zations. The advancement of public and SILICOSIS Authorities rrcogmrr th> h*nful effects of cmm> Uttfhd jmtt, developed, along with better procedures for the observation of such work and the enforced use of protective equipment. la addition to new typo of dothlng and equipment, management and work er are cooperating with the manufactur private means to the collection and dis semination of such information Is, on-' doubted)? one of the trends of present day accident prevention work. prominent amoctg atich to riKea. The practical sohaton to the Bul lard Compressed Air Purifier when used to conjunction with a hose TTmpUiUmthotoughlyremoves dust,. fumes, *3 d<wSer from compressed sir- It tt.cooplddy trouble-proof(^requiring,no attenrioaetber than wriyyl replace ment of fibers. The poeffiee may fee ersof safety equipment in developing the use of new materials and Improved design. These fadmfe new composition materials for protrrtnr headgear and other devices to protect virions parts of the body; air insulated protective suits for jobs torching citicmt beat; air fdomain respirators for dusty work where only marginal protection is.neces sary:* increased use of special chrometanned leather for mittsnee to hot: development.of special metal alloys for Trophies Awarded to Seventeen Ships SAFETY trophies have been awarded to t? ships operated by Lykes Bras.--Ripley Steamship Company tohaving completed the allotted number of \ ptyH in die compressed sxr. toe without mcdunicJ dfienhy/ Any Bullard office ce.dbtribator w2l gbeffy send; oar imBdin de scribing the Btigard: Compressed AirtHrSef. ^.\ ' meat, and improved design la eye pn^ teethe devices. Trom our contact with Industrial con cerns as weD as the manufacturers of safety clothing and equipment, it would seem that thtfe are no seeds far toga IB. Di BULLARD protective dothtog which are not being . M COMPANY ' * anmafctk mm. mu .ii 11 za wk Bw iifwy Umitr m ninurt Afu. Mimwo a Bik iam.nwf all. u.tn Iwh. CMwmw BtAerd products ore distributed by Stfetr^FM nipy dime. 0e bm* V^tVBNa Cw>m1W. IS TM S. Sw V. r. ml H L Mm Ciniq, ' C D. timer C*. I tauMMo, Took a. &.awi o. m taken cate of, to some degree at least. The dcvekpmrat of safety dothtog to its present degree of refinement has been possible because of coopcnlioo by all persons concerned. 1 . The- safety engineer can `.keep in formed of dewriopmests inhb fidd by referring to the available publications oh accident prevention work. On this paint voyages daring 1943 without a dis abling injury to any member of the crew. The body of the flag, shown to the accompanying QIastrotioo, is green with a slx-tod) white bards1 and the tntoiatnre whitebouse flagwith* blue dunned a consultant to protective devices recent and white letter "L* b shown to the ly said to us, "Unfortunately, it seems body of the flag at the left side. ... to me that industry has not taken ad When fiown at the mast head the vantage of these cxceOcnt publications. combination of odors makes the pennant Tba pofat has been brought toeroj most attractive, and the mea of these faribiy during some of the Tcsent voatb fed considerable pride to dlsplayrifrrofr suits- when eutptoyvra have . tog this trophy to American and foreign been caught at a dedded disadvantage porta. .. . NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS IndustrialHealth ( (Coatnhtcd from page j6) . ' fal effects of mv whamca fete pitot pramw. Id coopentwn with other Of potaawut ho ehooU towotigate Ox steal of the hm*b ead devise mcstaits of central. 2. Itoottae cvamfrwtioQ of epfiiatttS.' Fro- ccdoie ifcosU iodoffe a toijUtlmr of the dJtntficd voder (t) Jhcaeq of cMUhocd. (b) ptod nfioiew limn, (c) toplmwy eon, (i) venerea! fiAon, () acridow end remhinj physical defeat. A detailed lately of' ptwkmi ocevpetMnr b very i--j---- Mndf airing the type of iinlaDiy hot iO|b valve. The enU datin pcrfbanal fat cadi . oevapetien end the prclvfele feagdt of poww to heteedewt rebalance! thoold be neeed. If the eypUresd ho been or will be etpeued to dsttt fodocr lay dbraca, so X07 pktvre of dir chca b'inportaat. Tfcb port of the eaeauaetioe way be idemf to an eipert louipiulifBt e> iti raise depend* open the type of ptftora ukeo end the opiitwi of the into who viteipwu them. The pbpkua ebo may need addition] iufoamtiuo obtained bf bbwtvy iqiIjvs of blood, pwtom tad vrtae. .' J. Rating ead ptacmiuit of eppfkna. cooperstiao with the peisoeoel depsnnent the epplkwtt ibovld be rated add'plead, not, odf on tttMftg end pea ujlultMt bvt ebo 00 pbftiai end awstel ebtlitp-. IV record of bn amiMiMn itwwld be toe c -{Until! pto^ ertf of the media] ffepattaeaif * 4. Periodic*] phrtoal ana., tions. `ft* frrqivBy of periadia! pfiyual aewwiliait cbw depokd epee lodhidea) dKoatncn as dwemuaed by the supervising ghyimtaJ ttbeie crewwneriaat ere erode far the fast tioe, enpleyeer dwU be ffca eayle repbsarioo of thrit benefits ead awume that thm febe Demand Stock-No. H 112-2 "Bhm Bffiboa** Men*s Black EDc Stfetoc' Biuriter Is a very popafar safety shoe i- ! of in style fines and ' genenOy dressyappearance, axnd btcause ct'fieotacs to D width to give more comfort- .' Carried in stock to rites D S to able fit to narrower* fecfc` | 12. Price *330 ; .Has sturdy, heavy, ahgle.i itoef ad ------, .Nff .-- ,------- P(to 1mt o** riel ObatMad Safety Shorn oak sole, 5/erf Box toe aod :j! lifliap Welt r?t- ttehae- Oo^a.'^cKw^ "* .?-- --11. b|l **f rod fcwnlw Tread Straight thot$ for an omd X PwiAa for the disabled. .. who dmtap dlubShses daring employment should be rtastiaiwd to occepstient whkhwriQ not aggmite toe dbArlity. or fftey. ehoeld bo prorided to to ether ways. '- . Msny concrete exsiryW tnigbl be cited of results, obtained, through1 control measura and competent: super-. visum of workers. <Qao.eridkh'strikingly Qlustretcs Use vahto.tif sorb measuresto the (jeperiertee of the South African gold mines.^During the yan 1918-40 the pmducuon rate for sfitorsto. far those who had 10 yean underground service amounted to about 10 per cent. The highest rate for-those haring 16 yean service amounted to 14J per cent. Dim* tog the yean 1920-24 the production rate for those wbo had 10 years of serv ice dropped to 5 per cent and during tbe year 1931-42 the cate dropped to a frac tion over 1 per cent The hlgbest me daring the 1920-25 period 'amounted to a Sttle over 7 per cent with 16 yean* sendee and in the period 1931-32 the hl^Kst rate was about 4jd 'per cent after 18 yean of sendee. ' This expet- laser can be duplicated whoever .ptto venrive measures are effeetlvdy appHed. DECEMBER, .1944 ~ , : STRENGTH land SAFETYwifhoafbu/ky we/aftf tMr4 fbtaMr ttea_____________ , toWVtewT^ca t*\ actaeltr omw Owa CRESCENT tool company . iar^jry?a.ff^t*?sL* atVrraarae SKAPWWbwrr~oe srn JAMESTOWN, N. r,,. ten, STBEl WRENCH