Document r6034LGrVZ46aMQ6jzRm7Gndr

N22981 h s ~= PROPERTY OP SESERRCH LABMiiiE Kc vttds'vvii u-wiLLiA[vis mzm ALLIED RESEARCH BULLETIN NUMBER RC-67 .. v SUBJECT EXTERIOR HOUSE PAINTS LEAD-ZINC TITANIUM TYPE VS. CHYPTCNE MS-130 TYPES Proptr-d by: J. N. Chapin - .i. P' ;. M. Van Lo o January 30, 1942 AILIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES CHICAGO, ILLINOIS u B i i 0007-SWE-044635 0007-SWP-000114005 Exterior House Paints f.' Lead-Zlno Titanium Type vs. Cfyptone US-130 Types Final Report on Panels 1444-72C, Regular vs. MS-130 Pigmentation. (5091) vs, (5091) plus ____________________(314) er (2281)____________ ` Introduction The purpose of this series of exposures vras fundamental ly tiro-fold (1). To compare a lead-eino-titanium type of plantation against modifications of No* Jersey Zina Company's Cry?tone XS-130 leaded sine rooamnendations, and (2). To determine the value of straight unbodied linseed oil vehiole as oempared with others carrying a per centage of bodied oil, either linseed or tung. This series was studied in the laboratory after 51 months exposure, vertical south, at Chicago* Some of the panels were quite badly deteriorated, but this was not true of any first grade formula tions except where the wood was obviously faulty* The aeries falls in to five more or less distinct groups of nonparIsons, as followst Basic Formulations Represented (a.) Hx 471 Cempariseni In the first group, comprising about three-fourths of the panels, three main pigaentationa and four main vehiolea are oempared, all self-primed* This may be shewn by a tabulation* Pigmentation Rx 4Vi, lfcSb formula 45,4* - 412 34,6* - 10 10.0* - 1403 10.0* - 20 L Vehiole Rx 471, 1935formula 60 gal. (5091) 3 " - (348) 4* - (2241) 3/4 " (12 )* 1/8 " (152) 0007-SWP-044636 0007-SWP-000114006 .Pignentation B. 0. n Special 7S# - MS-130 2B% - 412 -2- Vehicle 2. As 1, but using 8% ef (314), a Q-bodied linseed oil, in pl&oe of that amount of (5091). C. 0. W Speoial 60% - MS-130 30% - 412 10% - 20 L 3. As 1, but using E% of (2281), bodied ohinawood oil, for (5091). O, 50% 40% 10% Special - MS-130 - 412 w 20 L 4, As 1, but ueing 10% of (2281) for (5091) The paints in this group, formed by oaabinations of the above piguentationa and vehioles, are referred to in the tabulation of data as Al, A2, Bl, B2, D4, eto. (b). Adjusted P.V,C. Comparison! In this group, the various vehicle ohanges are compared,yith all paints adjusted to 29# p.v.d about 1J( higher than the regular 1936 paint* pigmentation A is the only one used in this group, and the paints are referred to in the tabulation of final data as 29 Al, 29 A2, eto. All paints are self primed,. The pigment volumes, as ocmpared with those of group (a), are me foiloast Croup (a) Croup (b) Al A2 AS A4 w- 27.6% 27,5 27.S 27,6 29 Al 29 A2 29 AS 29 A4 m 28.7% 28,6% 28.6% 28.7% (o). Lead-in-oil Comparison! A speoial lead-in-oil system is ocapered with the four vahioles in this group, pigmentation B being used throughout*. All painte are used over lead-in-oil primer prepared aa foilowe i 11 lba*. of paate containing 89% by weight ef basio lead oarbon&te,. 9% linaeed oil, and 2% turps,, reduced with l-l/Z pt.(ot (2), 1-1/2 pt.,of (14) and 2 os*, of (440). 0007-SWP-044637 0007-SWP-000114007 -3- (d), Family Paint Comparison; In this group, regular Ric 300's of 1936 and of 1937 and a speoial Family paint using 43# MS-130 and 28,6# eaoh of 412 and 20 L with regular Rx 300 vehicle of 1937 are compared, All paints are self primed; (a), Underposter Comparisons; One third of each panel in the whole aeries makes up a group of teste comparing the -various test paints as underooaters This seotion *f eaoh panel oarries two ooats ef Rx 471, C1327, which is paint A1 in group (a), 4ver a prime ooat of the particular test paint oarried on the seme panel,' Preparation of Panels The whole series is exposed both on cedar and on yallow pine siding panels, eaoh panel oonsisting of three sections. The guide in eaoh case is Rx 471, C 1327,- a production sample, self-primed, A seotion marked "A" oonsists of the various test paints, self-primed, and a seotion marked IB" oarries two ooats of Rs 471, C 1327, over the corresponding test paint as primer. All the panels are three-ooat work,' the usual reductions being, 2 pints (2) and 2 pinta (14) for the primer,> 2 pints (14) for the seoond ooat,- and full body for the finish ooat. The "B" sections In the fallowing tabulation of final data designated as nAln, represent the undercoater comparisons explained in (e) above,,and the V seotlons represent the four other types eif toots aooordlng to the designations, Mote on Dirt Collection Judging ef dirt oolleetioa was somewhat diffioult in the examination, and requires the following explanation,' 0007-SWP-044638 0007-SWP-000114008 In the Family Paint and load-in-oil tests,, the dirt is of the naturally adhering type, seriously affecting the general appear ance, In all other tests, the dirt is not a serious naturally adhering type, hut rather seems to he foroed into the paint film in streaks and blotches, due possibly to handling of the panels. There ms evidence cf milder on some panels,, but its occurrence appeared to be haphasard, and it is rated merely as dirt* 0007-SWP-044639 0007-SWP-000114009 Tabulation of Composition and Data Final Examination Data (51 months) panel ?7o. Type Chalk Check Cedar Craok Flake Eros'n Dirt 1472 A1 VB (a) Basic Comparison '.444 A B1 VB B A1 VB (s) 1445 A B2 VB B A1 VB 1446 A B3 VB B A1 VB 1447 A B4 VB B A1 VB 1448 A Cl VB B A1 VB 1451 A C2 VB . B A1 VB 1449 A C3 VB B A1 VB 1450 A C4 VB B A1 VB 1452 A D1 VB B A1 VB 1453 A D2 VB B A1 VB 1454 A D3 VB B A1 VB 1455 A D4 B (s) - B A1 VB (s) 1460 A A1 VB (C) B A1 VB 146? A A2 VB B A1 VB 1461 A AS VB B Ai VB 1462 A A4 VB B A1 VB C B C (B) <c) B C B C (B) C B C <B) C <C) (B) (0 <B) C (B) <C) s C <C) s (0 c <C) (C) <C) (C) c C c c (C) c (C) General Appearance G (F) G G (F) P G P G P 0 (F) (<J) (F) G <F) (G> P !?! G () G G (o) (0) (0) (c) (0) G P <G) 0007-SWP-044640 0007-SWP-000114010 *6* Tabulation of Composition and Data Final Examination Data (81 months) p: nel No. 2m Chalk: Check Tallow Pine Crack Flake Eroa'n 1472 A1 'VB 3 to C (a) Baaio campariaon 1444 A B1 VB B A1 VB C 1446 A B2 VB S B A1 VB B" 1446 A B3 VB C B A1 VB I? 1447 A B4 VB sb B A1 1446 A Cl VB B. VB Sb B A1 VB B 1451 A C2 VB Sb B A1 1449 A ca . VB VB B Cb B A1 VB B 1450 A C4 VB Sb B A1 VB cb 1452 A D1 VB Cb B A1 VB B* 1463 A D2 VB Sb B A1 VB B 1454 A D3 VB B A1 VB 1455 A D4 v B A1 (B) Sb VB B 1460 A A1 VB C B A1 VB IP 1463 A A2 VB C B A1 VB c 1461 A AS VB cb B A1 VB B 1462 A A4 VB Cb B A1 VB B C to B B C* C cb B. Cb B S* B Cb c Ab cb Bb Bw Cb (B) Ab S c B" B B Bb *. Bb B S to B C c S" c c Bb VB (B)b (B) (c) c (C) c (c) (c) (C) Dirt C (C) c B c B C (B) C (B) C (B) (b ) C (c) B) (C) (B) C (C) C (c) (c) c c c c c c (C) c c c General Appearanoe (0) to (F) (F) P P (o) P (G) P (0) ? P Pa f: (F)* . to) (F) (G) F F P P Pa Pa F (0) (o) F F F Pa VP P P Poor general appearance is mainly due to peor hiding* w - Worse in this reapaot than guide b s Better than guide. Unless so marked, guide and test paint are equal.' 0007-SWP-044641 0007-SWP-000114011 0007-SWP-000114012 Tabulation of Composition and Data Supplementary Sorias Pinal Examination Data (61 months) Yellow Pina Panel ?fo 02! Chalk Check Flake guide 1472 A1 VE S to C S to B (b) Adju:ited p.v ,o. oompariaon '.45C i 25A1 VB Bw B A.'. VB B A Z9&Z VB B A1 VB Cb B 1457 A 29A3 VB C B B A1 VB B S 14.1C A 29A4 VB (s) B A1 VB 8 Erosion 6 <c) s s (o) Lead-in-oil comparison 146^ Pj c 17 VB B A1 B 1468 fk B1 WB B A1 VB 1469 A B2 WB B A1 VB 1470 A B3 WB B A1 VB 1471 A B4 WB B ' A1 VB VB** B*r 8* 8* C B (B) B B C fissures B B fissures (C) BB VB B BB Crack Dirt C to B C Cw c CW c Cb C (B) c B (c) B (C) Sc Sc B* B S1* C Tt* C C* c B (c) C B (B) VBW C B (B) CC General App (0) to (F) F F (G) (g ) P (F) (G) (G) VP F P F P .F P P P F (d) Family paint oompariaon 1465 A F.P.reg. VB 2-18-37 B A1 VB 1466 A F.P. reg. VB 6-30-36 B A1 VB 1464 A FP*Speo. VB Veh.#l B A1 VB VBW S .8 . V B c **Alligatoring S'* (B) S S (c) c S" C Sb (c) (c) (c) V? 0 (F) (G) F a w - Worse in this reapeot than guide* b - Better than guide* Unless so marked, guide and test paint are equal. 0007-SWP-044643 0007-SWP-000114013 -9- General Conclusions It should be stated that the following conclusions are open to some question heoause the differences between the various formalas in final appearance are slight on the oedar panels, and the yellow pine panels, always lacking in unifonnity, had to he considered rather heavily in order to discriminate between the test paints. This reser vation applies most seriously to group (a). (rjl__Rx 471 Comparison 1* The worst oraoking and flaking oocurs with the regu lar 1935 pigaentation, with the regular linseed oil vehicle appearing to perform slightly better than the others with this pignent, However, there is conflicting evidenoe as to the vehiole performance, and it ia very difficult to determine to what extent the wood used is re sponsible for the defeota noted, 2, The 76# MS-130 pigaentation has possibly the least checking and oraoking, but it is only a slight edge over the other MS130 pigmentations, that ia, those with less US-130 and more leaded zino, 3, The regular 1935 vehicle using only (5091) Is the only one showing any superiority. It exhibits less checking, oraoking and dirt than the others when used with the regular 1936 pigmentation, and has the edge over the others when used with the 75# US-130 pignentation beoause of less tendency toward dirt collection. However, the vehiole containing 8# of Q-bodied linseed oil seems to perform as well or slightly better with the 60# and 60# US 130 than the regular vehicle. In other words, considering only integrity of film (not dirt oolleotion) and only the US-130 pigaentationa, the use of 8# of 0007-SWP-044644 0007-SWP-000114014 -10- (3J4) results in a gsnsral Improvement over the regular vehicle. It gfayald be said in this connection that the conclusions were reached on tb* basis of minor differences on yellow pine panels, the effect of <*hich on the paint film is not uniform. Vehicles using 5% and 18% of china-wood oil are charaotsrizo<I >y a t-sndcnoy to erode, resulting in a definite reduction of jiidiTiS r,-,r-'9-'-* This ie true with all pigments involved, but it is di-fi'i'niit to discern any increase in the tendency due to increased cmcur.t {IVf.) of the chinftwood oil. Since this erosion is slightly but dd'irdtdy greater in the case of the 76J( US 150 plantation, tho advantage of this pigmentation stated above in (2) ie somewhat offset, 4. On all panel seotiona on which the US-130 pigment ie used, the characteristic sparkle or glint of mica is dearly notice able . (b), Adjusted P.V.C. Compariscn 1. The vehicle using 8jJ of Q-bodied linseed oil shows the least checking and oraoking of any vehiole in this group, as well ae tho beet general appearance. Only the regular 1935 pigaentation is involvod, and the p.v.o. is noarsr the opt lawn than in (a). The indi cation is that tho substitution of (314) for (5091) up to f# is an improvement, under these conditions, but that the use of ohlnawood oil is not. It is noted that the previously mentioned eroelon tendency of tho latter is pres ant under the optimum conditions of p.v.o. also. 2. ine fault of the regular vehicle seems to be a greater tendoney to check and oraok, especially as compared with the 0007-SWF-044.645 0007-SWP-000114015 -U- vehiol* using (314). In this group also, th# differences noted were comparatively'alight, hut it seams safe to state that the adjusted p.v.c, results in a general improvement over the unadjusted group (a), (a), Lead-in-oil Comparison l.In one dear out oase, the regular 1936 formula, used in this series without variation of the vehicle, is better in resistance to oheaking and oraoking and general appearanoe than the 79$ US-130 rv,1 pipaewt&tion with the regular vehicle, in faot better than the latter 1 pigmentation with any of the vehicles described above. This 1b over the lead-in-oil primer* 2* The 79$ 10-130 erodes and flakes worse than the white lead top ooat, but the latter, beoause of dirt and alllgatorlng, is worse in general appearanoe. 3* With the US-130 plpnentation (7S%), using lead-inoil primer, the regular vehicle is best. The Q-bodled linseed oil, and to a definitely greater extent, the ohlnawood oil, eesa to oauee a tendency toward erosion* 4* Exposure of wood due to flaking and erosion or both Is such worse than on the o separable self-primed panels* (d) Family Paint Comparison 1* The special Family Faint containing 43^ US-130 and 28*$ each of 412 and 20 L shows up nuoh better than the regular Rx 300 of either 1936 or 1937* There Is a general improvement, most notioeable in the much better resistance of the former to oheaking and orack ing, The apeoial formula amounts substantially to a replacement of the lithopone of the regular Rx 300 by US-130* The oost is praotioally the same as that of the 1937 formula, while that of the 1936 formula le 0007-SWP-O44646 0007-SWP-000114016 about 2 oexits higher, bo it appears that the MS-150 pigmentation offers a vary reasonable medium cost formulation. 2. The Family paint formula of 1936 exhibits less cheek ing, oraoking, and flaking and erosion than that of 1937, probably due to the use of comparatively more leaded sine in the former, (e). Undercoater Comparisons Sinoe this is a largs group, involving the use of all the test paints meritions d above as primers under the regular 1936 Rx 471 (factory production sample), and since variations are slight, ex cept in oases where thers is a strong possibility of adverss effects due to the wood used, the evaluation is difficult. In general, the dura bility and appearance of the Rx 471 self-primed is as good as or better than whan used over the various test paints as primers. There is no clear cut example of one primer being better than another, exoept that lead-in-oil is inferior, as described in (o). Hor is there any oese in whioh a particular test paint used as primer gives outstanding results, Cither good or poor. In other Words, these results do not justify ascribing any particular virtues as primers to a leaded zinc MS-130 l combination as oompared to a leaded tine-titanium oombination. The l&st statement should be considered in connection with Jfew Jersey zinc Company's claims for high "ocrapatability* of their Cryptone MS-130 leaded tino primers with various types of top coats. Their re- eenmendations for a two eoat system now oalj for an 85# Cryptone MS-130, 18# 35/66 leaded tine primer, with a 7CJI Cryptone MS-130, SO# 36/66 leaded zinc top ooat. January 30, 1942 J. W, Chapin M. Van Loo 0007-SWP-044647 ALLIED RESEARCH BULLETIN RC-6B SUBJECT DURABILITY AND TINT RETENTION OF LEAD-ZINC HOUSE PAINTS AS INFLUENCED BY LEAD TITANAIE OR NON-CHALKING 1102 Prepared bys J. Vf. Chapin Uaroh 4, 1942 ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 0007-SWP-044648 0007-SWP-000114018 Durability and Tint Retention of Leadline House Paints as Influenced by Lead Titanata oi* Won-chalking TiOg_____ _ Progress Report on Rtpos-urcs 4546-4655 F and C Introduction This series of exposures was begun in October, 1940 and represent* an extensive study of the durability, dirt collection, and tint retention properties of various types of leaded sine. The study of durability was actually secondary to that of the other properties in the planning of the series. This report brings .up to date the find ings published in Research Bulletin RC-64 (August 25, 1941) based on 9 month readings of the Chicago exposures, but is primarily concerned with the results of Florida exposures at 16 months. The Florida panels were examined ini the laboratory. All paints are tinted to Colonial Yellow. A good idea of the purpose and plan of the tost may be obtained from the introductory parts of Bulletin RC-64. The following two basic pigmentations were used, with the regular Ex 375 vehicle. Formtla A Formula B 1C$ Basic Lead Carbonate or Sulfate 455* Leaded Zino 55/65 2J?C Lead Titanate 2C$ Asbestine 10$ Basic Lead Carbonate or Sulfate 46$ Leaded Zinc 35/65 14$ Hon-ohalklng Titanium Oxide 30$ Asbestine These general formulas were suggested by Dr. Holley apparently primarily to compare the behavior of lead titanate vs. non ohaIking TiOj in a lead-zinc paint. All the formulations are reason ably close in theoretical opacity and in cost, but apparently the series was not based strictly on either of these considerations. Various leaded zinc - white lead combinations appear in both formula types. All the paints were exposed at Chioago, but only a limited number of the 0007-SWP-044649 (1) Lead tltanate (A) ra, 2031 T (B) formulations. Florida Results at 16 months: Cheeking AB Fading AB Mildew* AB Chalking AB Si; or absent Less than def. Definite Less than had Bad % less than def; % definite or worse 25 1 1 S 2 81.2 18.8 5 0 2 5 5 40.0 60.0 2 4 9 11 6 19.0 81.0 0 5 5 2 5 23.0 77.0 9 5 3 15 28 ;o 72.0 6 4 1 2 46.0 54.0 12 11 4 5 37.5 62.5 2 3 3 5 15*0 85.0 Chicago results at :16 months: Checking AB Fading AB Dirt* AB Chalking AB SI* or absent Less than def* Definite Less than bad Bad % less than def; % definite or worse Bo checking on any panels 10 10 6 7 10 46;5 53.5 000 0 000 0 1 0 21 0 13 25 14 15 30 18 9 28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0*0 100.0 100.0 100,,0 100.0 0 0 0 11 33 0* 0 100.0 Sea also complete tabulation pages Soil. The Florida exposures show clearly that: 1. Formula A* using 1895; ia much more resistant to checking than formula B; using 2051 7* 2. Formula A is definitely less free-chalking than 8. The fact that over half of the B type formulas are omitted on Florida exposure detracts from the value of this particular comparison, and probably accounts for the seeming similarity as to fading* 0007-SWP-044650 -3- The Chicago exposures* repi*efeexiting all the originally planned samples, do not contradict the Florida results at 16 months, although the definite superiority of the A formula as to tint retention is more olearly shown, However, there i3 no oheoking, and the ohaIking results are all had or nearly so. This is probably due to lack of washing by rain which may change rapidly in the spring. One conclusion based mainly on this and previous Chicago roadings is outstanding! in all cases where there is good tint reten tion due to slow chalking, mainly with the lead titanate (A) formula tion, there is also bad dirt collection, and the resulting dingy appearance is in many oases fully as objectionable as some of the worst fading. Because of the temporary condition as to chalking mentioned above, this conclusion is not entirely clear on the basis of the present readings alone. (2) Co-fumed vs, mechanically mixed leaded sine Florida results at 16 months Chookini Fading Co-fumed Meeh. Mix Co-Fumed Meeh. Mix AB A B AB AB SI, or absent 16 1 74 00 &0 Less than def. 00 10 10 33 Definite 00 12 61 12 Less than bad 00 337 0 42 Bad 00 23 20 45 % less than def. 100.0 46.2 5.3 30. e % def. or worse 0.0 53.8 94.7 69. 2 Chalking ________________________ __ Co-fumea Meeh. Mix A B AB 6 0 21 2 0 21 5 0 82 2 1 22 5 0 0S 42.1 23 .0 57.9 77.0 Chicago results at 16 months Cheeking Fading Co-fumed Meeh. Mix Co-lGme<i Meeh. Mix AB AB AB AB SI. or absent Less than. def. Definite Less than bad Bad % lass than def. % def. or worse Bone 10 30 10 76 9 16 9.3 90.7 90 70 51 07 1 14 37 .2 62 .8 0007-SWP-044651 0007-SWP-000114021 From the Florida results, the following conclusions Co-fumed leaded sine results in much less checking than the Wo- meohanioally mixed. 2, The oo-fumed causes considerable fading, being in practically all eases, definite or worse, . 3, Chalking is quite evenly divided] at least the oo-fumed pigment is not outstandingly had. 1. The mechanical mixtures in eaoh case, show greater ^variation in behavior. It seems inadvisable to analyse this group ^further on the basis of the A and B formulas, especially since only one h B type paint with co-fumed leaded tino was exposed at Florida, but k'aumnlary (3) oanparea the various types of msohanioal mixes. The Chioago results agree very well with the Florida results as to tint retention, [..with the meohanioal mixes more dearly superior to the oo-fumed. Further, ;,'V. . 'it seems olsar that while both types of leaded zino show bad fading with 4V- ' ... the B formula, the mechanically mixed type is much better for use with the A formula than oo-fumed, (3) Aoicular vs, non-aoieular tine oxides in meohanioal mixes rv.: Florida results at 16 months t.:-: Slight or absent Less than def, Osfinite Less than bad Bad % less than definite % definite or worse Cheoking Fading Chalking Aois, Non Aoio, Aoio, Non-Aoic Aolc. Non-Aoio. 57.0 100.0 0007-SWP-044652 0007-SWP-000114022 ft*#; *6 lV.Fchieago results at 16. monthb Checking Aoio, Non-Aclo. Fading Aoio, Non-Aoio gflUght or absent ||Xaaa than def j|it Definite ijamn than, bad ';j3ad j{ less than def, Jtdef. or worse None x 3 1 3 35,7 64,3 o 3 6 10 36,6 63,4 the oonolueions from the Florida data are* 1, Aoioular zino oxides show less oheoking than the non- aoioular, 2, Aoioular zino oxides are ouoh better as to tint reten tion, 3, There is a distinct correlation between heavy ohalking, in which the non-aoieulars are worst, and tint retention. It should be stated at this point that a Is bs ocaplete study of the oo-fumed samples shows the aoioular leaded zincs to be superior bo the non-aoioular both as to ohalking and fading. The Chioago results do not agree with the above oonolu- sions as to fading. It is olear that the addition of the B paints, |3s.| - 5*o missing from Florida exposure, changes the situation materially, and that the true conclusion over the whole aeries Is that the aoioular zino oxide is only slightly, if any, better than the non-acicular ae to tint retention. 0007-SWP-044653 0007-SWP-000114023 -6. ' Tabulation of Data - Florida, 16 months Chalk 4645 guide, Rx 376, C 450 (B) to B PortUla A, Load Titanato Meoh.- Aoio Lead-Zino Mix ZnO ^4647 ZZZ-33, Nat,- X X H.T.S. 46 St, Jo b, Mat, X : H.T.S. 49 XX-50, Nat. X f' H.T.S, ; 50 XX-503, Ifet. X ' H.T.S. v": 51 ZZZ-33 XX C- 18 ; 53 St. Jo b 18 X ~ . 63 XX-50, IB X ! . 54 XX-503, 18 X t . 65 ZZZ-33, Nat,. X A.B.S. X . 56 St. Jo b , Mat, * X . , A.B.S , v:. 67 XX-50, Nat.. X . A, B. * S . tv'. 68 XX-503,. Nat. X . A.B.3 ' ^ 59 ZZZ-33,. 9 *-,' 60 St. Jo b , . 9 X X X /"r 61 XX-50, 9 X v. 62 XX-503,, 9 X 63 ZZZ-33,. s-w X X 'Vf H.T.S.. 64 St. Joe,,S-TT X 'r7; H.T.S.- tl 65 XX-50, - S-W X ti ' H.T.S. y - 66 XX-503,. S-W X f- H.T.S. 67 412,.18 ,68 ZZZ-11 Hat, X H.T.S.- X 69 ZZZ-22 Nat. H.T.S. 70 1526, 18 X X 71 Lohi 63S, 18 72 Lohi 60, .18 Aoio. Fb-Zn X (0 c c c s (B) (B) C S c c c c c <C) B Choek Fade Conaral Mildew* App, (s) (B) to VB A to B F to 1 sS BB (B) (B) 3 (B) AS S (B) B <<0 c c VB (B) P P (F) (F) VP P Bs B P c (B) B A (c) VB (B) c . (B) (B) VB (c) (s) B AC A (c) C B B A (c) VB AB C P vp (F) (F) (F) P P VP (F) 0007-SWP-044654 0007-SWP-000114024 j^ad-Zino Meeh, 'Acio, Aolo,' Mix ZnO Pb-Zn Chalk j` Ao SSL, SW B.T8. 4- *12, fi'_ Lehi i H.T.S.' , S-5 H.T.S 6r.. H,T*S. s-vr s-tf B XC (0 (B) i >, Nat. <B) X (C) 80 Lhi 60, Mat, 81: Jiio 35L, Nat, H/f-S. 82 412, Nat, AB.S. Lehl 6S5, Nat, A.B.S. 84 Lahi 60, Nat. A.B.S. A*o 35 L, Nat, Hx A.B.8. Be E.P. 70/50, ' XX-92 f B,P. '70/30, ' ZZZ-11 86 E,P. '70/60, ZZZ-22 , E.P.`70/30, ZZZ-33 X X X B B B S S 5 Pownila B, taaing 2031 T 4590 91 92 ;9S |W ft 96 >; 9a 97 98 . 99 4600 01 02 03 Aa 4547 Aa 4548 Aa 4549 Aa 4550 Aa 4551 Aa 4552 Aa 4553 Aa 4554 As 4555 As 4556 As 4557 As 4556 Aa 4559 As 4560 B B S B C B :b ) Cheok Fade Mildaw* s (B) (c) A (B) (B) A (B) VB A (B) (c) A (B) (C) c VB c A c VB A c VB (S) c (S) <C) B c (s) (B) (C) (s) B (C) (c) (B) (C) A C VB A C VB A c VB c (0 (0) B B (0) A C VB C Bc s (C) (C) BSB (s) c B General ~jP.r.', (F) P vp (F) (F) VP VP VP VP <F) P P (F) vp VP VP (0) P VP P (<*) p p 0007-SWP-044655 0007-SWP-000114025 8*- Meoh. Aoie. Acic, Min ZnO Pb-Zn Chalk Che ok (B) (B) (c) (s) BB (B) (S) C (B) C (B) Fade (c) (C> B C (B) (B) General Mildew* AEL*, E <F) C (F) SP C (F) C (F) (B) (F) i as reg, but l/3 of Z031T replaoed by 1895 As Speo. B1 but using Lehi 636 *In a few oases, this refers to ordinary dirt rather than mildew. 0007-SWF-044656 0007-SWP-000114026 55 XX-50, 18 EC-503, 18 ' 65 ZZZ-33, Nat, ; A.B.S. ' 66 St, Joe, Nat, A.B.S, 67 EC-60, Hat. p.'. A.B.S. ,68 EC-503, Nat. p-* A.B.S, ;69 ZZZ-33, 9 60 St, Joe, 9 61 EC-60, 9 62 EC-503, 9 63 ZZZ-33, S-W rti* E.T.S. 64 St. Joe, S-tr H.T.S.| EC-50, S-W S^' H.T.S.W& ' EC-603, S-VT Sr> H.T.S. ".-'67 412, 18 * zzz-u, sa-t, I 69 y>V 1 tv ft ' % ft ZZZ-22, Net, H#T Se 1526, 18 Lehi 635, 16 Lehi 60, 18 X X X ' to (B) None General _APP VB (B) to B P (B) (B) <B) (B) (B) B B B B B B B B B (B) (B) B B VB (B) (B) B B B SB sB <C> B <C) B (C) B <C B (c) B (C) B c (B) c (B) c (B) B (8) <c) B (C) B s B c CB) (S) (B) s (B) sB (c) B B (B) sB s (B) B (B) B CB) B (B) F F (P) (F) (F) (P) (P) (P) (P) (F) (P) P (F) (F) (F) (?) (?) (P) (P) CP) p (P) F P P P 0007-SWP-044657 A*o 35L, S-W H.T.S. 412, S-TT HTS| Lehlj 635, S^N "H.T.S. `Lehl 60, SW H.T.S. in At a 35L, S-W H.T.S, 412, Hat, H.T.S. Lehi 635, Hat, H.T,S. Lshi 60, Nat. H.T.S. 81 Aio 55L, Nat. H.T.S. 412, Nat, A.B.S, Lehl 635, Hat, A.B.S, Lohl 60, Hat, A.B.S, Ato 35L, Nat, A.B.S, ' E.F. 76/30, XX-92 B.P. 70/30, ZZZ-11 B.P. 70/80, ZZZ-22 /89 E.P. 70/30, ** ZZZ-33 Formula B, using 2031 T MJ590 Aa 4547 prt'M' Aa 4548 ha 4549 As 4550 %,04 As 4551 7';: : 96 As 4552 ., \ 96 As 4553 V7 As 4554 98 Aa 4555 99 As 4656 4600 As 4657 01 As 4558 02 As 4559 03 As 4560 -10* (B) (B) B B B B B B B B (B) B B 0> B B Fade B (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) C (B) (B) B B B B S (C) Dirt (B) General ,_APP p (B) (?) (B) (F) (B) (F) (B) (F) (B) (F) (B) (F) (B) (F) (B) (F) (B) <B) P P (B) P (B) P B (F) B (F) (C) B (C) B (F) (F) BB (B) 8 BB BB BB (B) B (B) B (B) B BC Bc Bc Bc B (3) Bc P P P P P P P P (F) (F) (F) (F) (F) (F) 0007-SWP-044658 0007-SWP-000114028 *11- Meoh. l*f Mi* ZdO . Pb-Zn BK'1, As 4561 " ' S&05 As 4562 <mc$ As 4563 mlff<or8r As 4564 As 4565 H'09 As 4566 H|io As 4567 |ii . As. 4568 As 4569 j13' As 4571 Sf|cll5-t As 4572 . As 4573 Sfl6 As 4574 *17 As 4675 18 As 4576 gpl9 As 4577 H*0 As 4578 *21 As 4579 K22 As 4680 K2! As 4581 *24 As 4582 i:2s1 As 4583 S26 As 4584 S'27 18 4586 Hj'28 Special B1 - as reg. but l/3 of Che-llc** Chock B None B B B B B <B> B B' (B) (B) W (B) B B B B B B B (B) <B> (B) (B) B i;29 Special B2 as spec, B1 hut using Lehi 635* As 4586 As 4587 As 4S88 As 4589 Fade Dirt BC Bc Bc (B) B (B) B B (B) BC (B) B CB BC BC Bc Bc Bc Bc Bc B (B) ' B (B) B .(B) B (B) Bc (B) c (B) c (B) c (B c (8) (B) (B) (B) BB BB B (B) General App. <F) (F) (F) P P P F P P (FI (F) to to (p) (F) P P P (F) <F) (F) (F) to (F) (F) (F) F P (F) Chalk here is heauy due to lack of natural washing. Loose dirt also adheres, so that under normal conditions, therewuld be less B and (B) ohalk and gOsneral Formulas dirt ratings. Formula A Formula B K# Basic Lead Carbonate or Sulfate 43% Leaded Zinc 35/65 25# Lead Titanate . 20# Asbee-fcino 10# Basic Lead Carbonate or Sulfate 46# Leaded Zino 35/65 1451 Non-chalking Titaniun Dioxide 30# Asbestine Vehicle as Rx 375, 1/5/40 Vehicle as fee 375, l/5/40 0007-SWF-044659 0007-SWP-000114029 -12- - Amerioan Zinc Co. lino oxide,.large, aoioular, medium oil absorption-.. Amerioan Zino Co.-zino oxide,-larger, aoioular, high oil absorption, - American Zino Co. lino oxide,. large,. less aoioular, low oil absorption. - St, Joseph Lead Co.-lino oxide, non-aoicular .iSSHtlfil ms - New Jersey Zinc Co,, lino oxide, medium, non-aoioular. - New Jersey Zinc Co. tine oxide, larger, non-aoioular. - New Jersey Zino Co. zirio oxide, email,.non-aoioular,. (our 108N) -New Jersey Zino Co. 85/55 leaded sino, aoioular. Lehi 60 * New Jersey Zino Co*,66/35 leaded zino, non-aoicular-. Azo 35L - Amerioan Zinc Co. -65/36 leaded zino, non-aoioular, Nat. H.T.S.- National Load Co. basic lead carbonate, high tinting strength.. S-bf H.T.S, - Sherwin-Tfilllama baaio lead oarbonata, high tinting strength, Nat. A.B.S.r National Lead Co. aoioular b&sio lead sulfate-. E.P.. 70/30 - Eagle-Ploher Co. leaded zinc,.7QjJ white lead - 30% zino oxide, non-aoioular.. general Conclusions One general impression of the whole series at this stage m is that the dirty appearance of most of the paints whioh chalk slowly and fade only slightly makes them less desirable than even same of the most badly faded but olean samples., In order to oorrelate this report more closely with ftxlletin RC-64,. the following oonolusione as to tint retention, baeed on statements from the Bulletin are oompared. ; 0007-SWP-044660 0007-SWP-000114030 Chicago, 9 months 13- Chicago, 16 months Florida, 16 months 1. Guide fade* much worse than others; True True 2. Mechanically mixed leaded zincs better than co-fumed, True True 5; No particular brand of leaded sine is outstanding; True True 4, Basic lead sulfate equivalent to carbon ate except that aciaular basio sulfate is inferior. True True 6. St; Joseph*e,ZZZ-11, ZZZ--23, ZZZ 33-, r.nd XX50 sine oxides sheer best tint retention. True St. Joseph & XX-50 seem to be inferior 6. High-leaded (B. p; 70/30) leaded zlno blended The blend is with aoioular tino' oxide to a 35/65 basis slightly better As Chicago, is no better in tint retention than straight in Formula A 16 months, oo-fumed; 7; HIS Lead is good with any of the straight zino oxides, except XX-503; B,' Formula A (lead titanata) is distinctly superior in tint retention. s*: True True, but ex cept also St. Joseph & IX-50, True Insufficient data. Tend to be more nearly equal. Thus, viewing all the exposures as a whole, there seems to be a good general agreement as to trends. Though the Florida exposures have the disadvantage of haphazard mildew growth, it is clear that free ohallcing is effective in stopping it. If the mildew oould be assumed -to have no effect other than appearanee, then it seems that the Florida results are more valuable than those at Chicago to date, be cause of their more severe exposure conditions. March 4; 1942 J. V. Chapin 0007-SWP-044661 ;S*N 0007-SWP-000114031 -6- U. VAN LOO >: fuz - coot. la order to got bast results as regards fire retardanoe and at the sane time I'saaintaining resistance to high humidity, probably the value used in the Forest Products' formulation, namely 45.5JC, is a good medium value. 66 - Durability of Pigneats with Special tf Reference to Leaded Zlno and Tthite Lead jv The experimental Zilo pastes mentioned under Project #97 | last month have been prepared for exposure at Chicago and Coffeyville. P' These exposures will oempire regular'Rx 12 with special pastes made with Ev basic carbonate white lead and 414 TO, also with inert, and one with seme T102* STOP 471 and Charleston TOhlte will also be used for comparison. K #160 -Painting Bricks A research bulletin is being prepared covering the re suite after 21 months exposure vartioal south at Chicago of various systems for the painting of asbestos cement shingles. The best systems inolude the use of a ohlorlnated rubber primer ooat followed by conventional top ooats suoh as SWP or Brlok A Stuooo Paints. This system is superior to two seats of ohlorlnated rubber paints, the two ooat STOP system, or the regular Brio! end Stuooo system. Photographs will be used to illustrate the differences in performance of the various painting systems ; #182 r Studies of Flat Wall Paint Formulation Storage tests are under way in which comparisons are being made of the suspension properties of various stearates in Flattens; In* oluded are the following Mi TO; parsons' a cape Calolum Stearate No; SO Calcium Stearate No; El Aluminum Stearate No; 101 Aluminum Stearate No. 351 Zlno Stearate L;S; #7 Zino Stearate No. 21 A sample of Spencer-Kcllogg ' a Non-Penetrating Linseed Oil (Sulphur Chloride treated) was tried as a replacement for (2330) in Flattens flhite Results from this test shew no advantage with respeot to ghosting, flow, or brushing; The Speaoor-Kellogg oil produced a very low body which would result in poor suspension and bad peofcage eondition. Work has been under way on the reformulation of Semi-Lustre White to eliminate the uae of lithepone, using titanium pigasnts as re* plaoamout*. The! vehiolea used were the new types of varnishes developed lh tho Varnish Researoh Division, suoh as V-11096, V-11098, ani V-illOl. The nature of these varnishes has been desoribed elsewhere, The 7-11098 7*11101 vamiahea oause too hi^i initial body; 7*11096 was aatiafaotoiy 0007-SWP-044662 6 1H: * .1 l 0007-SWP-000114032 -7- M. VAN LOO #162 - Coat, initially but showed a prograasive increase in viscosi^ for several days. Thia feature is being studied further by the vtrii- li search Division. Due to the improved resin cutlock, re ire now working on tho use of titanium pigments to replace litfcopene, using the regular vehicle. #77 - Mildew Inhibitors The Kern Tone samples mentioned in nbe last report in which certain preservatives had been added shew the foilswing results after one monthfe storage: 1. Kam-Tone control. No preservative - no decomposition. 2. Zaa-Tone + 0,5$ Copper Naphthenate (ll-i< Cu), No decompo sition, Bad color. 3. Kem-Tcae 4 0,5% ?rotela No deompcsiticn. Poor Color. 4. Jam-Tone # 0,5?. Dowioide G No decomposition. Color OK, 5. Ken-Tone 4 0,5:' Dowioide 6. No decomposition. Color OK. After those materiala were painted on cloth and placed in the humidity cabinet for a month, the following results were obtained: 1, Kem-Tone oontrol. Definite mildew growth., 2, Keo-Tona 4 0*5$ Copper Naphthenate - 3o nildev growth. (The Copper Naphthenate was not dispersed and ahould be tried in mineral apirits solution), 3, Ken-Ton# -t 0,5$ Protela. No mildew growth. 4, Ken-Tone 4 0*6$ Dowioide G. Bad mildew growth, 5, Ksa-Toae 4 0,5$ Dowioide 6. Slight mildew growth. No work ms done on the following projects during the nonth: #150 - Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations #148 - Srar^mtlon of TNhite Lead 0007-SWP-044663 0007-SWP-000114033 -2- M. TAN LOO ' jS7 - Coot* eerie* 6469 - 6466 and 6467 - 74 desoribed above but represent earlier . batohes, based on earlier formulations of the white*' Subsequently it j'ie proposed to prepare complete series of both white, the whitos tinted, the tint bases, with up to date revisions, covering all the titanium :P aside types offered* (Panels 6482 - 6497), ly. The Cleveland Technical Service Department submitted a sample of mioronized composite SWP Gloss White pigment to be blended with oil and drier before application, to approximate the regular SWP tint base formula of 1/23/42. Panels were preparsd for exposure at Chicago and Coffeyville, tinted to matoh SWP Warm Drab against the ragu lar tint, (panels 6479 - 81)* Additional exposures were prepared during the month on IWmily mint White* Rx 500, On Mr. Mills* request for a Family Paint formula conserving linseed oil, further investigation was made of the possibilities of using larger quantities of soybean oil* A formula : employing appreciable quantities of soybean oil in conjunction with maleic treated linseed had given good performance in previous exposures* Wsw exposures were prepared replacing the maleic treated linseed with ran linseed oil, using plgnentations of leaded sino - Titanox AA magnesium silicate against the regular formulas of 7/25/40 and 5/14/42 employing leaded sine - lithopone - cine sulfide - magnesium silicate, and leaded sine - lithopone - Tltancoc RC - magnesium silicate, respectively* Exposures are at Chioago and Coffeyville* (Panels 6697 - 6643)* A report was prepared covering exposures ft Chicago for 10-l/z months of shellac and shellac substitutes to ooat over and seal knots and sap streaks in low grade lumber such as might be used in amy cantonments. Besides shellac, the substitutes used included a shellao substitute, Marvelac, using alcohol soluble Manila; aluminum paint; Metalead, a flaked lead paste; and a special yellow pine seeder prepared in cooperation with the Southern States Federation* The results are somewhat contradictory at this stage, but shellao and the S. S, Federation primers are beat* Marvelao and the alualsum primer are quite effective, but the latter tends to allow pitch staining and the former'tends towards oraolcing and sealing* 2n general, Metale&d is inferior, although doing well on some panels* The top ooats used in this series inolude SWP Gloaa White and specification paints which might ba used on such construction, suoh as TT-P-56a white and cream tint* #66 - Durability of Pigrants with Special ______ Reference to Leaded Zinc and White lead At the present time, SWP Gloss White is pigranted with approximately equal amounts of 412 and 414 W in the leaded rino portion* 0007-SWP-044664 ,i I !v( % f 0007-SWP-000114034 -3. M. VAN LOO fee - cont. In view of the lower aotual oost of production of 414 W, it was decided to investigate the possibilities of expanding the uae of this pigment. Experimental batches of SWP will be prepared with all the leaded zinc introduoed as- 414 W, also with equal parts of 414 W and 1626, and two parte of 414 W and one part of 1526 ,, The Ti02 will be introduoed as 1403 and K 200* For further chock on tho durability af 414 W, panels were prepared for exposure at Chicago and Coffeyvilla, of SWP Ivory and Cream, comparing 414 W, 1626, and 412, on the basis cf equal load and zine oantents, (Panels 6475 - 6478), . Ji. *n ytf-' #12 - Exterior Primers In last month's report, mention was made of a proposed formula for SWP 450 Underooaier to increase the p.v.c, to 39J? to reduce the tendencies towards crawling of the top coats. At the technical meeting held, during the month, further changes were rooanmendedt 1 Reduce the zino oxide content to 105?, using 414 W, to Improve performance over woods of lower paintability. 2a Add one gallon of oil, preferably (2), to give more margin of safety on oil content, 3* Maintain opacity as near 159 units as possible, 4, Set up alternate formulas using 2030 or 1403 to use up present stocks, and also the R 110 type to take advantage of the higher opaoity. 5* Tilth the added oil described in item 2, it mas agreed that no further additions of oil on application would be reoamended, A formula was prepared and submitted to Cleveland, in corporating the above suggestions. The theoretical opaoity drops below the figure set, but aotual opaoity on brush-out is good. Further work . is dependent on results of aotual production batches. Exposures will be prepared with and without oil additions in the first coat on new wood. The Cleveland Technical Service Department has suggested I that Celite used in 450 TJndarooater is responsible for the rusting of nail heads. Semples of tinderooater based on the formula of l/14/42 with the regular amount of Celite and with only magnesium ailloate as the inert, have been prepared for exposure on special panels to check thia feature. l 0007-SWP-044665 0007-SWP-000114035 M. VAH LOO Coat. fLOS - Coat. This series is now supplemented with an alkyd series. Other vehicles will be added a9 time allows. The majority of the work will be carried on in dark gray shades using crystal black and lamp black for the infra-red reflecting and non-reflecting tints respectively. It is hoped that in this color there is the least probability of reading.into the results various exposure effects due to physical-chemical properties inher ent in the pigment and in its relation to the vehicle, that are detached from the problem we are studying, tie are also trying to observe progressive changes in infra-red reflection coincident with the aging of the panels under observation. A presentation of our tisories on the mono-layer protection by fatty acids was made before the Gibson Island Corrosion Conference of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. #177 - Pigment Studies An investigation has been instituted on general research on white pigments under R. R, Bruhn. One of the first phases to be studied will be the opacity values, which are now assigned different values dependent on the system used. The opacities will be determined over a representative range of p.v.c. '3 normally used in (a) Flat Vail Paints, (b) Enamels, ana (6) House Paints, in each series using a vehicle of the type used in such classes of paints. At present brush application over Horest form 03-B is proving most feasible since the consistency differences, which in some cases are quite wide, can be nullified most easily. Form 03-B affords areas for three measurements of contrast ratio on each sheet. The Hew Jersey Zinc RefXectoaeter has been completely reconditioned and will be available for opacity determinations as soon as the microsnaster has been repaired by the manu facturer. A representative series of paints were prepared at 3Of p.v.c. in (5091) Processed LinBeed Oil, employing as pigments Quick Process lead car bonate, Old Dutch carbonate, lead sulphate, titanium calcium 1271 dry, TiOa 1403, French Process zinc oxide, 412 leaded zinc, and 461 S lithopone. Jhese paints cover a wide variety of types of pigments and will be used to establish the method and technique. In preparation for further study of the particle size distribu tion of pigments, the microscopic equipment has been checked over, and a review made of the methods and procedures used by other operators. Developments at Coffeyville with the Bird centrifuge are being followed, and Samples will be analyzed when operation indicates that this is advisable. 0007-SWP-044666 \&j /.... -7- IS. VAN LOO Coat. |i?a - Studies of Dark Colored House Paints A project number has been assigned to the study of dark colored bouse paints. This will be a long range research problem to investigate the causes of the loss of drying, early and non-uniform loss of gloss, after-tack or *?sweating back,11 and even softening of dark colored house paints, - the latter phenomenon often occurring after many years of exposure. Batches were prepared on Rex 498 SHP Moss Green, Rex S88 fiVJP Modem Brown, Rex 484 STP Bottle Green, Rex 395 SEP Tobacco Brown, and P.ex 352 SKP jreach Crown Green, with and without zinc oxide. The pH of all the pigments actually used was determined, since this may have some bearing on the subse quent behavior of the paint. He are also checking the possibilities of trouble coming from water soluble compounds in the pigments, particularly ferrous sulphate. Dashed pigments will be compared with the original materials. The various paints will be exposed on glass, and the sol f--> gel transformation will be followed by solvent extraction. The gel to sol trans formation which may occur to some degree in the very old films would indicate we should look for a peptizing agent which accumulates as the film ages. #162 - Studies of Plat Wall Paint Formulation Further work was done during the month on the problem of "ghosting*1 of flat wall paints. Paints were made in which ell raw oil was eliminated and 8 pounds of Flaxoap added per hundred gallons. There was no improvement. Vehicle binder to pigment volume ratios were lowered to 0.6 without improve ment, and grinding the tinting colors in the paint in the pebble mill did not help. #160 - Painting Bricks Allied Research Bulletin RC 73, "Exposure Studies of the Painting of Asbestos Cement Shingles," was issued during the month. ^ #148 - Examination of White Lead Panels 4479-82 F end C were examined after 24 months* exposure at Florida and Chicago of SftP Rex 462 Cream in which the basic carbonate white lead was successively, old Carter Whits Lead of tinting strength 100, Carter Shite Lead of tinting strength 110, and one of the early batches of high tinting strength vtoite lead having a tinting strength of 129. The major dif ference is that the H.T-S. lead shows no checking even after 24 months* expo sure at Florida while all the others show slight micro-checking. All show less fading than when 3W 104 was used. BW 104 at that time was Straight Old Dutch Lead. i 'i" 0007-SWP-044667 0007-SWP-000114037 M. VAN LOO Cent. #148 - Coat. In this connection it would be worth remembering that the aver age particle size of Old Dutch lead may vary from 1 to 10 microns, with the particle size decreasing sharply for Carter Process, and even further for H.T.S, lead. The carbonate ratios will run from 11.8 to 12.3 for Old Dutch, 11.3 to 11.9 for the previous Carter lead, and precisely 11.0 for H.T.S. lead. Therefore, fade resistance and check resistance increases r/ith lower carbonate ratio and smaller particle size. The latter point, which is in conflict with findings on other pigments, may be due to the unusually large particles in Old Dutch, or it may be due to the dominating effect of the carbonate ratio. No work was done during the month on the following projects*. #86 - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and Tfoite Lead #112 - Fire Retardant Paints #150 - Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations #164 - Reformulation Studies of House Paint to Reduce Dirt Collection #105 - Synthetic Bulletin Colors 0007-SWP-044668 -3- m. v an 100 Cent. 12 - Cont. After the primers had dried for three days, a portion of each sur face ms reco&ted with the Low Visibility Ocean Gray, and the panel again allowed to dry for two days more. The panels, which were painted on the face and only a portion of the edges, were then laid, open face down, in a tfinV of fresh water and in salt water. After three days the primers and the two coat systems were checked for adhesion. The blue lead primers in general appeared to be superior to the red lead primers as regards adhesion. In most cases the latter seemed to have le3s adhesion and were more brittle. The dif ferences were less pronounced in salt- water than in fresh. The best of the entire series was blue lead in the 40 gallon exten ded phenolic vehicle. The second best was the blue lead pigmentation of equal parts of the phenolic and alkyd varnish at 40 gallon length, end the third best the blue lead in alkyd at the same length. Any of the shorter vehicles seem to be deficient in elasticity. The conventional oil primers, such as the red lead primer, K15P Dndercoater, and the Titanium Pigment Corp. sincless primer after the short drying period were too soft to withstand the water test. It appears that the fast painting schedule required by the early launching of these ships would not permit the application of conventional long oil painting systems. This work is of a preliminary form, and will be followeo by a far ther check on the formulas set up by the Maritime Commission and under condi tions more directly applicable to the service conditions. This work is being done in cooperation with the Newark Technical Service ana they are being kept informed of our work. #162 - Studies of Flat Wall Paint Formulation Work has been in progress on the development of a Flat-Tone formula using the heavy bodied S02 treated linseed oil (394) as a replacement for reduced bodied linseed oil (330) and the varnish (28S0)b. An experimental factory batch will be made on the new formula. The new SO;, treated oil appears to reduce the ghosting tendencies of the regular Calcium Titanox formula. If (he beats are verified using the factory batch, a new formula revision will be ssnt through for distribution. A study is being made of paints designed to meet the requirements of Federal Specifications TT-P-Sla and h-TT-P-51a. Brightness and hiding power will be checked on the fteflectometer, but this work is being delayed for the time being, because of necessary repairs on the micro-ammeter. The S-W formulation will be checked against the Lowe Brothers materials meeting the same specifications. There is a discrepancy in the amount of opaque pig ments in these various formulas. The purpose of this check is tc determine the precise amount of opacity pigments required to meet the specification and at the same time afford the most economical formulation. MSI d! :.rS ii `5 0007-SW2-044669 0007-SWP-000114039 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. j!l77 - Pigment Studies The opacity evaluations of the various white pigments described in the last monthly repoi't have been held up due to the necessary repairs on the Reflectometer. Following Mr. Holton's suggestions, a Study is being made of the various extender pigments used in house paints, in the hope that a combina tion of extender pigments may be found at an optimum pigment-volume-concen tration which will effect either an improvement in the product or an economy of oil in the formula. It is planned that the following extender pigments will be studied at ZSf>, 3C$, 3$, 4055 and 4555 pigment-voluae-concantration ratios using the opaque pigment combination of dVT Gloss White - Rex 471, but wi th the vehicle for the time being as all (5091) - Processed Linseed Oil. P.V.C. ratio is being controlled entirely by the amount of inert used. The actual inerts under consideration are: Regular magnesium silicate, a highly acicular magnesium silicate, diatooaceous silica - Dicalite L, crys talline silica - Silex, Pyrophyllite, barytas, gypsum, lietronite, and Atomite. So far the paints made using -the magnesium silicate, crystalline silica, and barytes have been prepared. In the study of luminescent pigments the early work included examin ation of luminous pigments secured from the New Jersey Zinc Company, the Lunex Corporation and the General Luminescent Corp. of Chicago. The early samples examined were: 1. Strontium Sulphide #84-5, from the General Luminescent Corp. 2. Phosphorescent Strontium Pigment L-704 100^, from the New Jersey Zinc Co. 3. Calcium Sulphide #824 G pigment, from the Lunex Corp., Davenport, Iowa. 4. #800 G Luminous pigment, from the Lunex Corp. The. various luminescent pigments were incorporated in an all oil vehicle of low acid value - Spencer Kellogg's 0X0 oil, GL 2000, and an alkyd varnish, V 15171. The results of these tests indicated that the i 2-1/2 vacuum bodied 0K0 linseed oil is too high in viscosity for proper brushing and spraying, and a lower bodied oil will be tried. The lacquer solution appar ently produces some reactivity with the luminous pigments and a progressive increase in body occurs, finally resulting in some cases in a solid gel. The Glyptal varnish and naphthenate drier combination recommended by the Hew Jersey Zinc Company caused progressive darkening and aid not produce the brightness or luminosity obtained with the lacquer vehicle. The pigments free the Lunex Corp. were both coarse in texture and do not produce a very desirable paint film The New Jersey Zinc sample L 704 was finer in texture and brighter in luminosity. At the present time it appears that one of the most interesting luminescent pigments is #824 FS 1 Luminous Pigment received more recently from the Lunex Corp. It seems to be almost entirely unreactive with the various vehicles, showing no tendency toward after--bodying. The luminosity i3 good. The Acrylcid vehicle (6097) is the most suitable vehicle found thus far, although it has the disadvant age of very fast drying, which makes application difficult. Although the 0007-SWP-044670 i i- 3 :'3 V " ' 1 a fY .! 0007-SWP-000114040 -10- M. VAN LOO Cont. 177 - Cont. lunex pigment 824 FS 1 showed no after-bodying in the Acryloid vehicle, both the New Jersey Zinc pigment L-704 and the General Luminescent Corp. of Chi cago 84-5 body even with the Acryloid vehicle. An odor of hydrogen sulphide is evident when these two pigments are incorporated into the Acryloid vehicle, 86 - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead* 1 2 3 Panels 4500-40 F were returned after 24 months' exposure in Flor ida. Previous reports have been made on these panels at 14 months and 17 months. The series' compares various co-fdmed and mechanically mixed leaded zincs having the following basic formula; 33.8% - Basic carbonate or sulphate white lead 14.3% - Semi-nonchalking titanium dioxide 22.9% - Magnesium silicate 29.0% - Zinc oxide The general conclusions are about the same as at 17 months, with the following new developments: 1. A serious increase in checking and cracking due to National's Acicular Basic Lead Sulphate. 2. A similar increase in the case of basic sulphate white lead, 9 dry, but to a less extent. 3. An increase in checking due to the high lead sulphate iagle-Pidler leaded zinc - 108 N zinc oxide combination. #148 - Examination of White Lead An extensive search of records and examination of ail available panels disclosed no outstanding examples of superiority of eitr.er basic carbonate or basic sulphate white lead in exterior paint formulations. Thera were no cases, however, where basic sulphate was shown to be super ior and several cases where basic carbonate appeared to be preferable, chiefly because of excessive chalking of the paints carrying the sulphate, which affects the tints quite seriously due to a greater degree of fading. #77 - Mildew Inhibitors Panels 6182-5 F, C and 6246-S C on mildew resistant paints after six months' exposure at Florida and Chicago show the S-ft system of Mildew Resistant Treated SNP Dnaercoater and Gloss white to be definitely more resistant to mildew than Cook's Mildew Resistant Paint. The S-YJ system shows a yellowish discoloration in Florida but less at Chicago. The Havana tests will be examined to determine whether the use of tetrachlorphenol has detracted from the durability, since the.Florida tests show a slight pitting of the surface, possibly erosion. The Chicago exposures show no signs of such failure. 0007-SWP-044671 i. I. - -r. .?< i: f 1 Mil' 4f ' ']:' V 1 %; . ''v fv i|| m ip! >"! t;s 0007-SWP-000114041 v' 0 & if < i.... I -4- M. VAN LOO Cont. 173 - Cont. Films of STtP French Crown Green ana bViP Modern Brown, with and without zinc oxide, were put on exposure, on glass, for subsequent acetone insoluble determinations. f88 - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead Panels 291-2316 C were examined after 45 months1 exposure at Chicago covering exposures of co-fumed versus mechanically mixed leaded zincs. Two basic formulas were used} one, a pigmentation based on Pittsburgh's #1-50 for mula, carrying 55.6$ lead sulphate and zinc oxide equivalent to leaded zinc, 35$ lead carbonate, and 11.4$ magnesium silicate, and the second, a special Single pigmentation formula using 50/50 leaded zinc combinations. Acicular zinc oxide/lead sulphate combinations seem to be the best combination. 108 dry zinc oxide and National's acicular basic lead sulphate promote checking ana faaing. The co-fumea leaded zincs are definitely better in durability but inferior in tint retention. Ola Dutch lead carbonate is better in durability but shows more dirt collection than lead sulphate. #12 - Exterior Primers Experimental batches made under the Proposed Federal Specification for Exterior Primers using the two special oils described in our last monthly report have now aged for three weeks and have maintained their viscosities within acceptable limits. The oils were Dr. Schneider's (319) Batch #5 and Mr. Appleton's LA 760. Dr. Schneider's (519) has an acid value of 9.1 which appears to be the maximum that could be used without excessive after-body. The viscosities run as follows: Viscosities on S-ft Cup, #5 Orifice at 75 F. OJ 508 F (319) Batch #5 OJ 506 F LA 760 Fresh Over night 3 days 7" 21 " 31.8 seconds 26.8 " 34.5 " 39.0 39.8 " Fresh Over night 3 days 7" 21 " 28.4 seconds 32.4 " 34 37.5 * " A comparison has been made between Celite 110 and 289 in the new Rex 450 Undercoater formula. Due to the inferior color of the 89, the undercoater becomes slightly dirtier in color, but because of the very white ini tial color of the new formula, this reduction in brightness may be desirable. The sheen using 289 is equal to standard, perhaps more uniform. A factory batch will be made, and if satisfactory, samples v/ill be sent to Cleveland for consideration. Costs would be reduced slightly. 0007-SWP-044672 '! Vi i !* 'r !i i t' 0007-SWP-000114042 6- - M. VAN LOO Gont. gtjC Reports were received from Havana, Cuba, covering results of expoW gates of Rex 54 Barn Red, Rex 461 SWP Ttillow Green, Rex 499 SKP Antique Brown, |iT ^ 498 SNP Moss Green, and Rex 471 OViP Gloss Vihite, having several mildew resistance treatments. . with the SVsP Gloss White, 4% tetrachlorphenol is best, showing only r alight mildew growth cohered to very bad for- the control. In descending order i.' are 2% cuprous oxide, 5% zinc borate, 5% zinc as Nuodex Zinc, 2% tatrachlorl~y phenol, 4/6 cuprous oxide (tin anomalous result), 1/2% zinc as Nuodex Zinc, 5% ,/v phthalic anhydride, and $ zinc benzoate. With Barn Red the use of l/2 pound if-i of zinc oxide plus 2% and 4% tetrachlorphenol show no mildew growth and excelft lent appearance, with good results also obtained with % cuprous oxide. .The ' controls show very bad mildew growth. >rith the dark colored house paints, the r' use of l/4 pound of Xadox zinc oxide plus 5% cuprous oxide gives excellent r*. results, also the K&dcx oxide plus 2% tetrachlorphenol. In the zinc oxides, u'- Eadox sine oxide was best, superior to other oxides such as XX 2, XX 50, and '' the acicular oxides such as ZZZ 11, 22, or So. There were no other film failures such as chalking, cracking, or % ' peeling on any of the above panels. The exposures were in a location cor.dujiV cive to mildew growth rather than to determine weather resistance. 5 #162 - Studies of Flat Hall Faint Formulation The proposed revisions of Flat--lone formulas to use the heavy bodied S02 treated linseed oil have not been mace in the factory to date because of lack of available equipment. During the month the Varnish Research Division submitted two flat wall paint vehicles for test. LA 770 was a blown and heat bodied oil having an acid value between 1 and 2. La 772-was similar but with an acid value of 30, obtained by the introduction of fatty acids. Both oils when used in the flat paints produced low body and poor flow. Titanium Pigments' Primer Flat Tfell Paint F 3473 was reproduced. Compared with Pain tercraft Flat #10, F 3473 had better hiding but much poorer enamel hold-out, more "ghosting," less uniformity, and much poorer washability. #177 - Pigment Studies Luminescent Pi foments In continuing the study of luminescent costings the pigment offered by thB Lunex Corp. #8<iFSl has proven itself the most attractive material yet tested. From the standpoint of initial brilliance end long luminous life it is equal to any competitive material. The pigment is not reactive with either an AcryloiQ or a nitrocellulose base vehicle. AS far as price is concerned, this material is much less costly than any competitive first grade product. .. -'T 0007-SWP-044673 1 0007-SWP-000114043 H. VAN LOO Cont. ?i77 - Cont. n'e have concluded that a two section package is a necessity. Susjending agents such as aluminum, calcium, and zinc stearates have all been ;ried without success. Mth the Acrylcid vehicle the introduction, of lQ5s dibutyl phth&laie Till extend the application time to 5 - 10 minutes. 1* aluminum stearate Liiproves the flow of the paint. Flat Wall Paint Specifications TT-P-5ia and h-?T-P-51a A comparison has been made photo-electrically of paints prepared sy S-W and Lowe Brothers to meet the above specifications. The work to date indicates variations of contrast ratios at 50 square feet, per gallon spread ing rates of from 98.7$ to 97.4$, all passed by inspectors. Considerable proaise has been shorn as to possibilities of conserving opaque pigment through the use of Atomite and Lineolith calcium carbonate as the inerts. #160 - Painting Bricks Approximately two years ago, several new unpainted asbestos cement shingles were placed on exposure to weather. These weathered panels have now been- painted with selected painting systems drawn from results on panels 2174 C, 2178 C, 184 C, and 2192 C referred to in Allied Research Bulletin 20-75. The systems used are all two coat applications. As primers the fol lowing naterials were used: SVP Gloss 'viliite with one pint of raw oil added to the gallon, 3KP 450 Undercoater. Brick end Stucco r.iiite reduced 100$ with Brick 2nd Stucco Reducer, and the special chlorinated rubber primer OJ 152 C. ST3? Gloss Writs was used as the tep coat for all the panels. The exposures num bered 6808 through 6811 C are exposed at Chicago, vertical south, with the backs of the panels exposed north to the elements to permit moisture pene tration and possible alkaline attack. #179 - Ue-icing Paints for Aircraft The purpose of this investigation is to find a finish for aircraft which would help to prevent the formation of ice c-a the leading edges of wings and^ control surfaces. To date the paints seem tc fall into three groups. The first depends on the incorporation of a considerable amount, of a low freez ing point, liquid such as glycerol or glycol which are constantly exuded by the paint coating, buch paints are usually emulsions, of rather limited life of' usefulness. The second group depends on the presence of soluble salts which dissolve in the first ice formed, lowering its freezing point. The third group relies or. the protection of electrical conducting films of considerable resistance, which can be heated by the passage of an electrical current. <*r. Fasig has suggested a study of the materials such as ere used in Thermal heating pads, and patents on this material are being investigated. i S[1' I,- ' i iiiI 0007-SWP-044674 0007-SWP-000114044 ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES Report of Investigations ior November, 1942 M. VAN LOO #162 - Studies of Flat Wall Paint Formulation Faintercraft Maintenance Flat No. 3, Rex 2767? has been reformu lated and a gallon sample of the new development has been forwarded to Mr. Mills for approval. In general, the new formulation was patterned after that of Paintercraft Hat #10, Rex 65310. Soya and castor oils and the varnish contained in the original vehicle were replaced by linseed oil and zinc resinate solution, using the heavy bodied S02 treated linseed (2394) as the principal vehicle constituent. Hie opaque pigmentation is now titan ium calcium - rutile titanium oxide. The uniformity of sheen has been im proved by the use of magnesium silicate instead of Celite 281. The raw material cost per gallon was reduced approximately 9^ per gallon. Work is now under way to reformulate Rex 23609 - Flat Wall Paint White #74, and Rex 26573 - Maintenance Wall Paint #73, to eliminate dehydra ted castor oil and to modernize the formulas along the lines employed in #10 and Flat-Tone, Revisions have also been sent through for approval to Cleveland for Flat-Tone White and light tints in which the dehydrated ca3tor has been eliminated by substitution of the S02 treatea linseed (394) for the linseeddehydrated castor bodied oil (2330), and using zinc resinate (3071) for the resin content. The proposed revisions are based on a lithopone - zinc sul phide pigmentation which will reduce ghosting tendencies. The working pro perties have been improved. #97 - SWP 471 During the month a proposed formula, QJ 572 F, h&3 been submitted for consideration for the SW tint base, to use the non-chalking rutile titanium oxide R 610 and to eliminate lean titanate. The pigmentation is: 31.8% Zinc Oxide 5.7% Basic Sulphate Mite Lead 20.5% Basic Carbonate Tnite Lead 12.0% Titanium Oxide (?. 610) 30.CXt Magnesium Silicate The pigment-volume-concentration is 6%, anc the vehicle is 34% oil, 16% driers and thinners by weight. The raw material cost is reduced about 1-1/4^ per gallon below the present regular tint base. Krebs' R 610 Rutile Titanium Oxide was selected in preference to R 510 for use in the tints on the basis of inspection of Kr bs1 eriabit of exposure panels. Iheir panels covered tir-t exposure' of b.i:.fs and grays be south and north exposures at . - lining' on, 7el-r :t ' ---1 : -l/2 years, using two basic p*Bur.a"lr>n. 0007-SWP-Q44675 M. VAN LOO Coat. #97 - Cent. at six month intervals so that conparisons can be made of each paint at dif ferent stages of weathering. The above changes, if found to be satisfactoryafter exposure, would reduce the magnesium silicate to less than half the original. It is to be understood that as yet thiB is not a recommended pro cedure. The house test at 11151 S. Hoyne Avenue, Chicago, was inspected. This test represents a comparison of an experimental tint CY 8001 (20% lead titanate, 45% livvied zinc, 55% magnesium silicate) with regular flex 496 SWF Ivory C 2918 representing the 1958 formula carrying % free chalking Ii02. After 40 months' exposure the 20% lead titanate is holding its chalk more than the regular so that the masking effect gives the impression of less color retention. DuriniC the month a panel was placed on exposure at Chicago only (6337-38) of Sioyu boya Oil Paint versus SUP Glos3 White. The label on the SiCya White stains that the oil used is entirely soybean oil treated to cause a shifting of th<> double bonds to produce a quick drying vehicle. The initial drying is much alower than ST4* although eventually the film becomes very hard. The paint is highly* enamelized, with very sticky brushing and very high flow. The experimental batches of whites and tints mentioned in the last report, testing Gloucester's zinc titanates and titanium oxides, have now been put on exposure at Chicago (6059-6858). These supplement the series 6770 to 6807. Test paints were prepared for exposure comparing STiP Gloss White regular with a special U3ing as the oil in the vehicle Pittsburgh's Soya Extract Oil P-213-X. The special soya paint was very yellow in color. #86 - Durability of Pigments with special Rafpren.no t-o Leaded Zinc and TVhlte Lead Mr. /yiiiuas was at the laboratory during the month to' work with Mr. Chapin in a special study of parallel exposures at Chicago, Coffeyville, aha Florida. Over GOO panels were examined very carefully for chalking, film failure, color change, dirt retention, mildew, and hail damage. The purpose was not only to analyze the results of individual tests, but also to compare the rate of change at the three locations. Included were the two large series 4500-45 white, and 4546 - 4633 tinted, involving various lead-zinc and titanium combinations. \ The rusuits of the main series are being written up by Mr. Adams, and will be condensed and the results correlated y.lth all the series involved, end a summary prepared. The only general observations possible at present are: 0007-SWF-044676 0007-SWP-000114046 M. VAN LOO Cont. #RS - Coat. 1. Coffeyville exposures show a rate of change approximately midway between those of Miami, and Chicago as a year-around average, although approach ing close to Miami for several of the summer months. 2. The factor of hail damage at Coffeyville must be considered seriously, as hail storms are frequent enough to damage a rather high percentage of the panels. 5, Florida exposures are the only ones showing appreciable checking and cracking in the main series to date. #164 - Reformulation Studies of House Paint to Reduce Dirt Collection House tests in the Chicago area of interest in this investiga tion were inspected during the month. The test at 11421 Union Avenue rep resents a comparison between the OTP Gloss White of 6-24-38 and a similar formulation in which half of the linseed oil in the vehicle is replaced by treated soybean oil, V 11067. After 41 months of exposure the soybean oil paint appears very similar to the regular on all sides of the house except on the north where it is holding the chalk and appears dirtier than the regular used as the guide. Prom a durability standpoint treated soy bean oil, V 110S7, appears to be equal to linseed and probably will give longer protection due to its tendency to hold the chalk, which in turn pro tects the film. The house test at 11071 S. Esmond Street represents a comparison between the synthetic oil, ARV 1979 (''kangaroo oil"} and linseed in the SYP Gloss White formula of 7-19-40. 16 gallons of the castor-soya "kangaroo" oil are used per 100 gallons of the special. This oil has especially fast drying properties, and it was thought that its use in exterior paints would accelerate the rate of drying and the sol to gel transformation, thus reduc ing dirt collection. After 24 months' exposure, the special (CH 1415) was chalking 3lightly faster than the guide on the south and east sides and appeared slightly better in general appearance. There were no other film failures on the guide or special. The house at 10504 Wentworth represents a test of OTP Cold Weather Reducer. The house was painted in late October and early November, 1940 in temperatures ranging com to 37 F. The house was painted with Rex 337 SW Canary Yellow reduced only with turpentine and with one pint of Cold Weather Reducer per gallon. After 24 months' exposure there is very little difference between the two paints, although on tie south side the paint with the special reducer added appears slightly cleaner. l -i ir j A ,i ;. iI : I Q007-SWP-044677 0007-SWP-000114047 M. VAN LOO Cont. fiZZ- - sSttuuddiies r:----^scant Pigments Zs. continuing the study of luminescent coatings our efforts have been cirecfee. toward the selection of a suitable vehicle. Most of the vehicles sitting promise are critical as regards availability. Acryloid vehicles hare been used with some success. Nitrocellulose lacquers, although c. revising good brushing materials, fail to hold the pigments in. suspension, and on aging tend to liver so that re-dispersion of the pigment is practically impossible. Aluminum naphthenate was tried as a suspending agent but spelled application properties. than ethyl cellulose was pigmented with the Sandy textured phos phorescent pigment, the brushing properties were very poor, and the binder did not issufficient elasticity or adhesion. flat w&il Paint Specification TT-P-51a and E-HF-Sla following the line of thought suggested in the last report an investigation was started to study the use of Atomite and Limeolith as extenders. Maintaining the specification requirements for vehicle and total solids, etc., for TT-P-5ia, the fallowing dry hiding values were obtained* li-Cal Formula Pounds Extender Spreading Rate Brightness So.Ft./Gal. at 98% C.R. KB 50 130 565 Mineral Whiting 88.2% 228 RS 53 450 (25% Limeolith N (75% Atomite 39.25% 236 RE 9 450 (40% Limeolith H (60% Atomite 89, % 73 done of the above batches were tinted down to minimum brightness. Linerlich 3 is a low sheen calcium carbonate used to reduce the high sheen obtained with Atomite. Reflectance measurements were made on three paints to compare wet and dry opacities. Xhe measurements were made on films applied with the draw-dr-n. gauge having 0.005" clearance. Wet films Pr7 films Ti-Cal Bright Contrast Bright- Contrast form* - P ounds lictander ness Ratio ness Ratio LB 5^05 435 556 Mineral Whiting 87.5% 94.3% 86.25% 93,1% ii3 cO 530 ii ii 89.25% 95,5% 88.5% 91% B5 vw 450 (4055 Limeolith H (6055 Atomite 87.75% 92% 88.75% 93.5% 0007-SWP-044678 ii: * ti ;) i.. :V i f i 0007-SWP-000114048 -7- M. VAN LOO Coat, Flat Wall Pt. Spec. TT-P-5la and E-TT-P-51a - cont. It Is apparent that the brightness of the two paints made with 566 dry Mineral Whiting dropped off about 1$ on drying, while the Limeolith N Atomite combination increased by 1$, with parallel changes in contrast ratios. A discrepancy appears in the above table in that RB 50 has lower dry hiding than LB 25905. This is reversed in the more accurate opacity brush-outs. The experimental batches will be tinted down to 85$ brightness and RB 59 sent to Cleveland for evaluation. Krebs and Titanium Figment both recommend approximately the same amount of titanium calcium pigment in their suggested TT-P-51a formulas as is used in the regular Rex 64736 paint. The A. C. Drubel Company is circu lating a TT-F-51a formula calling for 410 pounds of titanium calcium using a surface treated whiting as the extender and tinting with raw umber. Our approximate duplication of this formula gave us the following character istics: Brushing - Poor, sticky. Brightness - 85.65$. Biding - 304 sq. ft./gal. at 98$ C. R. Sheen - Excessively high, equal to or higher than Semi-Lustre. While the hiding produced is very interesting, it is doubtful that the sheen and brushing could be corrected without radical changes in the formula, #112 - Fire Retardant Paints An examination of the fire retardant paints on exposure at one month revealed that there were only very minor changes in appearance of the film as reported last month. During the month we received a Maritime specification for a fire resistant paint containing 100 pounds of antimony oxide. To check the action of theantimony oxide, batches were made up of. the fire resistant specification, and the regular specification 52-P-22 with and without 100 pounds of antimony oxide. These were painted out on metal panels. When thoroughly dry the fire resistance of the coatings was checked by placing the unpainted side of the panel next to the heat of a muffle furnace at about 1900 F. Both of the panels coated with 52-P-22 with and without antimony oxide flashed over, whereas the fire resistant specification coated panel did not. lhe fire resistant specification had a p.v.o. of 58.7$ against 40.6$ for the 52-P-22 specification which probably accounts for the fact that it did not flash over. The fire resistant batch will be repeated without antimony oxide and checked to see what properties can be ascribed to antimony oxide in a fire resistant film. ^ .j ; I ;l ' . .> i| ! S ; * i ' ' .> 0007-SWP-044679 0007-SWP-000114049 M. VAN LOO Pont. #164 - Cpnt. The oils tested include straight linseed (6091), Kastolene dehydrated castor, P5XL Pittsburgh extracted soybean, a blend of 60% Archer-Daniels-Mialand soy bean (418) and 40% Kastolene, a blend of l/3 Kastolene, l/3 AIM soybean (418), l/3 linseed (S091), and also a series of pentaerythritol esters, including ARV 1979 castor-soya P. E. ester, ARV 1981 and ARV 1984 soybean F. E. esters, and ARV 1987.j 1988, and 1999, all linseed P. E. esters. The dirt collection and mildew on the above panels is not as bad at 24 months as at 12 months. All are cleaner than the guide (regular formula of 7-19-40) except the ARV 1984 soybean P. E. ester, which also shows severe checking and cracking on yellow pine. In general the other pentaery^iritol ester oils equal the regular in durability and are superior to the oil blends of dehydrated castor and soybean or linseed. Hie linseed P. E. esters seem to perform favorably in reducing dirt collection. A combination of 60% ARV 1979 castor-soya P. E. ester and 40% Kastolene dehydrated castor shows promise. A special pigmentation using acicular zinc oxide ZZZ-22 and H.T.S. white lead to replace co-fumed leaded zinc showed definitely greater checking and cracking tendencies, although dirt collection was only slight. #86 - Durability of Pigments with Special Reference to Leaded Zinc and White Lead Panels 6859-6870 C and Cof, were prepared for exposure at Chicago and Coffeyville to study the behavior in SIS' White and Cream of leaded zinc 1526 dry calcined to improve its color. Panels were prepared comparing the special 40/60 leaded zinc with the original before calcination and also with 35/65 leaded zinc 412 dry, A special examination was made by Messrs. Adams and Chapin of panels 4483-98 C, Cof., and F covering exposures of the regular tint base of Rex 387, SSSfP Canary Yellow of 1-5-40, a special replacing the 1526 leaded zinc pound for pound with 412 leaded zinc, ana the special high lead titanate formula with approximately 4756 412 leaded zinc, 25$ lead titanate and 28$ magnesium silicate. The Chicago and Coffeyville exposures have been out 28 months, the Florida panels 17 months. There is surprisingly little difference between the two tint bases. The regular 1526 leaded zinc formula reaches definite chalking first, the 412 leaded zinc replacement last, and the lead titanate formula intermediate. The 412 leaded zinc produces checking somewhat earlier than the 1526 leaded zinc regular vdth the lead titanate formula again intermediate. The 412 leaded zinc formula is slightly superior in tint retention. Panels 6000-89 C were examined after 12 months1 exposure in Chicago covering comparisons of 5WP whites and tints, regular formulas and variations ?dth Titanium Pigment Corporation's zincless two-coat system, using both bodied oil and a resin-modified vehicle, and the New Jersey two coat system. 0007-SWP-044680 0007-SWP-000114050 -5- M. VAN LOO Cont. #86 - Cont. White, Colonial Yellow, and Slate tints were used. At the time the original batches were prepared, there was interest in the direction of sine oxide con servation. The panels are two coat jobs on cedar siding, and the SUiP top coats are applied over SWP 460 Undercoaters at both 10$ and 15$ zinc oxide content. In the top coats of SVtP zinc conservation was accomplished by reducing the zinc oxide in the white and tint base from 30$ to 5$ and to 0$, with the bulk replaced by basic carbonate white lead only and by lead carbonate plus magnesium silicaterespectively. The series has been unusual since its first month of exposure due to the heavy accumulation of dirt on the zincless samples, which undoubtedly has a protective effect on chalking and fading. At 12 months SVsP Gloss Tihite and the variations using 25$ and 20$ zinc oxide are chalking heavily and are clean. The New Jersey Zinc two coat system is performing similarly to oVP Gloss Vhite. In tint retention the regular SEP tint and the zincless paint seem slightly better than the lower zinc variations of our tints, while the New Jersey Zinc formula is surprisingly poor, liildew is not especially serious although it appears as expected on the zincless formulas. Up to this point there is lit tle effect due to the reductions of zinc oxide in the S15P formulas. #150 - Durability Studies of Zinc Sulphide Pigment Combinations Panels 2544-55 C were examined after 46 months' exposure at Chicago. Fundamentally the paints involved were pigmented with 85$ Cryptone MS-130, 35$ 412 leaded zinc, or with zinc sulphide ZS-20, mica, and magnesium silicate blended as in lid-130. All the paints were 3 coat work, self-primed, on Ponderosa Pine against the 1938 SVP Gloss Y.hite as the guide. In general the tests show good durability at nearly four years' exposure. Micatone A, Micatoue B-10C0, Micatone B-2000, end Pyrophyliite show some checking and cracking. It would appear that the following mater ials may be used to blend with magnesium silicate and zinc sulphide to pro duce the equivalent of Cryptone 115-150, without- fear of premature film break down: Aratone Mica, 325 mesh mica from English Mica Company, Alsibrona #12 from Franklin Mineral Products Company, and Micatone asbestos and Biotite Micatone. The regular 1938 SfcP Gloss Write and the Cryptone MS-130 and 131 panels are in excellent condition, with the SAP White having the best color. #112 - Fire Retardant. Pnint.a During the month there was considerable interest shown in fire retardant and fire resistant paints. As a portion of this fork the follow ing paints vrere prepared: OJ 577 F OJ 576 F OJ 591 F OJ 613 F Regular Ntvy Dept. Specification 52-P-22 (old). As 577 F, but one pound antimony oxide added per gallon. Regular Navy Dept. Specification 52-P-22 (Fire Retzrazni) . As 591 F, but no antimony oxide. 0007-SWP-044681 i! 'I 0007-SWP-000114051 6- - #112 - Oont. M. VAN LOO ' Cont. OJ 621 F As 591 F, but one pound zinc borate replacing antimony oxide. OJ 622 F As 621 F, but borax replacing zinc borate. 01 614 F Regular Elat Specification TT-P-51a. OJ 615 F As 614 F, but 5-l/4 pounds zinc borate (City Chemical) per gallon. OJ 616 F As 614 F, but 2-l/4 pounds borax per gallon. OJ 625 F As 614 F, but one pound antimony oxide per gallon. OJ 645 F As 614 F, but 3-l/4 pounds zinc borate (New Jersey Zinc) per gallon. OJ 646 F As 614 F, but 3-l/ft pounds zinc ammonium phosphate per gallon. OJ 980 Forest Products formula - lead carbonate plus borax. These paints were applied on metal panels and checked for flash and flame resistance at approximately 1875 F. The regular Navy Specification OJ 591 F with antimony oxide/tMn and OJ 621 F and 622 F replacing the antimony oxide with zinc borate and borax respectively, also passed. 980 E, the Forest Products product showed- no flashing. In the flats, the regular TT-P-51a paint OJ 614 F flashed but all the other flats containing borax, zinc borate, zinc ammonium phosphate, and antimony oxide passed the test. Arbitrarily judging fire resistance by the deposition of a firm white film which adhered well to the metal panel and which had not blistered on the fire test, all the Navy formulas and modifications passed the test, as aidspecial flats carrying borax and zinc borate. The remainder had blistered badly with flaking off the panel. Tilth regard to individual characteristics, the washability of the special flat OJ 616 F with 2-l/4 pounds of borax per gallon, and 625 F with one pound antimony oxide per gallon was not very good. 615 F with 5-1/4 pounds zinc borate per gallon was more porous than the regular 614 F. It seems that the main value of antimony oxide is due to its low temperature of fusion, forming a slag with some of the metal oxides present in the paint film, thereby increasing adhesion. It appears doubtful that it has much fire retardance as used in the new Navy specification. The tests seem to indicate that rather generous amounts of zinc borate should be satisfactory in many cases as a replacement for antimony oxide. It fuses at a relatively low temperature, forming a tightly adherent final- film. Zinc ammonium phosphate seem3 to have fire retardant properties, but the films containing it blister very badly on the metal panels so that large areas of the film flake off, giving a coating with poor fire resistance. At the request of Mr. D. L. Thomson, an attempt was made to develop a satisfactory fire resistant paint for plaster board. Vihen attempts t.-ere made to use paints passing the Bureau of Bhips specification for resistance against flashing, they proved to be unsatisfactory. This was evidently aue !ii :,`i: ! > ;; \ -,;i - 0007-SWP-044682 ------ > 0007-SWP-000114052 -7- M. VAN LOO Coat. #112 - Pont. to two factors. On is that the porosity of the paint film allows the escape of inflammable gases from the paper. Hie second is that the paper coating on the plasterboard chars and cracks, so that the paint film has no supporting foundation and consequently flakes off. From this work it would appear desirable for the manufacturer to impregnate the paper with flame-proofing chemicals. However, priming the paperon the plasterboard with a solution of ammonium sulfornate, then coating with a fire resistant paint showed no encouraging results. In connection with a request from Washington for an interior fire retardant paint containing borax, a fire retardant flat CH 869 and a fire retardant semi-gloss CH 5870 are being developed and tested. These are formu lated with about 25$ of borax based on the weight of the paint. #162 - Studies of Flat Ball Paint Formulation Work has been under way to reformulate Rex 26609 - Flat Rail Paint White #74 and Rex 26575 - Maintenance Wall Paint #73. The new formulas elimi nate dehydrated castor oil and soybean oil, replacing with bodied u02 treated linseed oil (2594) . Gallon samples will be sent- to Newark for inspection. The revised formulas have improved brushing and How properties and equal hiding, at the same costs. In order to eliminate bodied linseed-castor (2350) from all flat wall paint formulas, Paintercraft Flat #11 was reformulated, using bodied 3G2 treated linseed oil ( 2394) . Ihe new formula has been turned over to the Kensington factory for a plant run, end if the results equal those in the laboratory, the new formula will be distributed. #177 - Pigment Studies Titanium Calcium Pigments Curing the month three new titanium calcium pigments have been sub mitted for test: (-1) Ti-Cal R 0 Special C 1290 Krebs claim low water sensitivity, and recommend use in flat wall paints containing calcium linoleate pulp, etc. (2) Titanox RC HT new production. This lot represents new production of Titanium Pigments' RC HT with improved colon and opacity, and is said to be representative of mateirLsl v-nich will be available for regular shipments in about two months. 0007-SWP-0446B3 i:i: .. ii. :! !. - ;|i -i 0007-SWP-000114053 8- - M. VAN LOO Cont. #177 - Coat. . (3) Titanox RC HT - X ' This is a finer particle size SC HT T<hich should have better wetting and grinding properties. All the above pigments have been made up into both Paintercraft Flat #10 and Flat-Tone White, and will be tested for sheen, opacity, ghosting, and other characteristics. New Titanium Dioxide Pigments .i T H; I; ! . to j Two new types of rutiletitanium dioxides. Titanium Pigments' Titanox RA, and (Jnited's Unitans R 250, are under test. Titanox RA is said to be similar to Krebs R 110 and Unitene R 250 is said to be similar to Krebs ft 200. They have been included in the test series of SHP Underooater and Gloss White. These two pigments have also been made up in a damar paint series to check color, brightness, end opacity. It is also hoped that some early indication of the chalking character!sties of the oxides may be obtained by exposure of the damar paints. One set of panels is on exterior exposure at Coffeyville and a second set was placed in the Raather-Ometer here. The formula used is: i fli i-'!j 'i! r~'j! ' 'll "1; . j: ]' - ':j; 320 grams titanium oxide 690 " (32) Damar Varnish 30 (293) Pine Oil Using a dra-z-down gauge of 0.005" clearance giving a film thickness of 0.003", equivalent to a spreading rate of about 535 square feet per gal lon, the following characteristics have been determined to date: Paint No. TiO,, Pigment i Briehtness* Contrast Ri RB 100 101 - 102 103 104 105 106 107 1403 T Titanox A 2030 T Titanox AA 2147 Titanox A 24 2031 T Titanox A NC Unitane tt 250 Titanox RA 2175 Ti Pure R 200 50/ 50 blend Titanox RA/1403 T S9.355& 69.15 53 86.75 50.70 39.75 90.40 99 - 95.70& 94.50 94.45 95.22 96.60 97.05 97.35 96.62 *Per cent brightness determined over viiite portion of a forest sheet. It should be noted that in the above the brightness values are somewhat affected, by the incomplete hiding of the films. These evaluations are continuing. 0007-SWF-044684 0007-SWP-000114054 -9- M. VAN LOO Cont. #177 - Cont. Flat Kail Paint Specification TT-P-Sla and g-TT-P-SLa ;"!! ,} Sample R 59, described in the November report, ana vhich carries 4-50 pounds of rutile titanium calcium per hundred gallons, with an extender blend of 40? Limeolith N and 60? Atomite, has been submitted to Cleveland for evaluation. U ; ! >! |j #179 - De-icing Faints for Aircraft The work on. this project has been limited by pressure of other matters to tests for simulating icing conditions. It was found by suspending a tin container filled with a freezing mixture in a chamber into vhich water is sprayed by an atomiser, that sufficient coatings of ice could be built up on the container in a relatively short time. The testing will proceed on this basis. #105 - Metal Protective Paints 'j` Mil* j ` ^ !j ....j; t ,ji . 'll 'f In September Mr. Mills reported comments from the trade over the apparent poor hiding of Metalastic Gray over Xromik Primer on metal sash, This is due in part to the contrast in colors, but also in part to the tendency of the Metalastic Gray to run away from sharp edges. ; . Rex 9550 Metalastic Dark Gray and Rex 7399 Metalastic Light Gray were revised to reduce the flow tine increase build. Also a gray metal primer was developed on the pattern of Krcmik Primer using blue lead for pigmentation, The vehicle was also changed to include mixing varnish ( 3848) tS. All paints are ready for the preparation of exposure panels. ' | #105 - Synthetic Bulletin Colors ,. Panels 5081 C - 5082 C - 5084 C were sent to Cleveland for inspect ion after 19 months' exposure 45 south at Chicago, These panels compared regular Kem Bulletin White - Rex 45000 with Socony Finishing White and, CH 590, a special Kem Bulletin White using Socony's pigmentation and the P, K. alkyd V 15116 as the binder. The special behaves much as Socony's white on exposure, especially as to whiteness and cleanliness. Special Studies i. 0. S. Maritime Commission At the request of the U. S, Maritime Commission v.e are conaucting exposure tests on. the various barge primers and hull painting systems which have been compared, in immersion tests as reported previously. Fourteen 8" x 24" yellow pine panels were sent to Miami for ejposure at-45 south, to accelerate weathering attack. 0007-SWP-044685 0007-SWP-000114055