Document qoxmwq2KVV7y8k1dQ6rjgM4x

:l\' ft. OPpTHCir -6 PH12:5J Af.S.H6 - 0 6 A7 3M Fluorochemical Initiative Environmental Program ( I Global Environmental Program Objectives Develop an understanding of environmental fate and effects of fluorochemicals. Implement a strategy to minimize the release of fluorochemicals to the environment. Develop a framework to characterize risk of fluorochemicals in the environment. A Overall Plan for S' Environmental Program Establish and implement an Environmental Exposure Assessment Develop an Ecotoxicological Effects Database Improve waste management practices to minimize releases Create Risk Characterization(s) Employ expert scientists, consultants Environmental Exposure Assessment Plan I. Characterize Fate and Transport L II. Release Estimation III. Distribution in the Environment - Empirical Sampling - M odeling IV. Exposure Estimate - Indirect Human - Ecological u- Analyses o f 3M Plants Effluents & Process W astes Prioritization of Products for Study FC Thermal Destructability Release Estimation M fg .,S u p p ly Chain and Use W astes Estim ation Estimate W aste Disposal Releases M ulti-m edia Modeling M ulti-C ity Sampling Decatur Plant Site Env. Analyses Fish and Bird Analyses Characterize Distribution in The Environment Empirical Sampling Predictive Modeling 0 Comprehensive Global Environmental Sampling Charact. & Quant. Of Mammalian Metabolites Environmental Exposure Assessment Plan sr Estimated 1998 Wastes Generated (in Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Equivalents) at the Decatur Manufacturing Plant Waste Type Air Emissions Wastes sent off-site to Incineration Wastes sent off-site to Landfills Discharge to River after Wastewater Treatment Total Wastes Estimated Equivalents, lbs. 19,000 657,000 380,000 10,000 1,066,000 Distribution in the Environment In-field Sampling Near Plant Sites Multi-City Study - Supply Chain and Control Locations Analyses o f Archived Plasma and Liver Tissue Samples 7 Water Sampling Near the Decatur Wastewater Discharge Sample Locations: UP1 & UP2: Tennessee River, upstream o f discharge BC1: Baker's Creek below outfall Q1 & Q2: Baker's Creek, downstream o f discharge, in quiet waters near Tennessee River WD1 & WD2: Tennessee River below Wheeler Dam Sub-surface water,ppm Perfluorooctane sulfonate Perfluorooctane sulfonate homologues Surfacefilms, ppm Perfluorooctane sulfonate Perfluorooctane sulfonate homologues Sediment, ppm Perfluorooctane sulfonate Perfluorooctane sulfonate homologues UP1 UP2 BC1 Q1 Q2 WD1 WD2 <.010 <.010 0.44 0.025 0.012 <.010 <.010 <.010 <.010 0.10 <.010 <.010 <.010 <.010 N/C N/C 1.60 1.00 0.28 N/C N/C N/C N/C 0.02 <.010 <.010 N/C N/C 0.177 <.050 31.1 <.050 <.050 <.050 N/C N/C N/C <.050 <.050 N/C <.050 <.050 N/C = Not Collected S Multi-City Study Sampling Program Comparing Control Cities to those with FC Industrial Presence Media: Drinking Water Wastewater Treatment Systems Landfill Leachate Analytes: Perfluorooctane sulfonate and other related compounds 7 Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Presence in the Environment Specie White Pelican - CA Brandt's Cormorant - CA Brown Pelican - CA Dbl Crested Cormorant - LA Great Blue Heron - LA Dbl Crested Cormorant - FL Brown Pelican - N V Bald E agle-M I Sea Eagle - Baltic Sea Sand Hill Crane - NM , NE, AZ Albatross - M idway Island Results Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Not Detected N ot Detected 10 Analysis of Wild Bird Plasma Bald Eagles (1989 - 93) Bald Eagles (1992 - 93) A d u lt Sea Eagles - Baltic Sea Albatross (Pacific Region) (1992-93) Ave = 41 ppb (30-77) N=5 165 ppb 198 ppb 1047 ppb 226 ppb 371 ppb 375 ppb 125 ppb 93 ppb 215 ppb BLD (10 ppb) N=5 II SAMPLES COLLECTED FOR SULFONATED PERFLUOROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Alaska (polar bear, furseal,sea otter) River otter Whales 0 Great Lakes (variety) ^ Marine mammals, birds Baltic Sea (eagles, fish, mammals) Caspian Seal Bikal seal Russia, sea otter , Northern Pacific Tuna Coastal and inlan mussels (nation wid P/ 0 Antarctica (Penguin, plankton) Ecotoxicity Studies and Results, Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Acute Aquatic and Avian studies nearly complete - Slight to moderate Aquatic Toxicity - Slight to low Avian Toxicity Chronic Data - Preliminary Planned testing underway - Complete acute/chronic package for Aquatic species - Initiated Avian reproduction studies \i Acute Ecotoxicological Testing Results Perfiuorooctane sulfonate K+ Salt, ppm Wastewater bacteria (OECD 209) 3-hr EC50 > 1000 Senenastrum capricornutum (green algae) 96-hr NOEC (growth rate) 48 96-hr ErC50 138 Daphnia magna (freshwater water flea) Acute 48-hr NOEC Acute 48-hr EC50 Mysidopsis bahia (marine shrimp) Acute 96-hr NOEC Acute 96-hr EC50 36 66 1.2 4.0 Freshwater Mussel Acute 96-hour NOEC Acute 96-hour LC50 22 65 Oyster Shell Deposition Acute 96-hour NOEC Acute 96-hour EC50 2.1 >3.3 Solubility lim its precluded obtaining E C 5 0 value. Fathead Minnow (freshwater fish) Acute 96-hr NOEC Acute 96-hr LC50 3.6 10 Avian Dietary Toxicity Test Acute Mallard Duck LC50 Acute Mallard Duck No m ortality cone. Acute Mallard Duck NOEC (body w t.) Acute Bobwhite Quail LC50 Acute Bobwhite Quail no m ortality cone. Acute Bobwhite Quail NOEC (body w t.) ' Data in italics trom a dratt report. 730 160 40 214 80 80 Chronic Ecotoxicological Testing Results Perfluorooctane sulfonate K+ Salt, ppm Daphnia magna 21-day Sem i-Static Reproduction NOEC 21-day Sem i-Static Reproduction LOEC 13 26 Mysidopsis bahia 35-day Flow-Through Gro. & Repro. NOEC 35-day Flow-Through Gro. & Repro. LOEC 0.28 0.60 Fathead M innow 47-day Early Life Stage NOEC 47-day Early Life Stage LOEC 0.33 0.65 i " Uata in italics tram a dratt report. Waste and Emissions Abatement Activities - Decatur, Alabama Product and Process Understanding Process Improvements - Operating Procedures - Reduce Waste Generated - Capture and Recycling - Waste Segregation and Treatment e.g. Solid waste managed by incineration or in controlled landfills. Wastewater Treatment - Improved Existing Processes - Installed New Abatement Equipment - Assess New Technology Solutions Risk Characterization Framework Tier I - Assessm ent o f effects associated with present levels found in the environment (fish eating birds) - End o f 2000 i. - Assessm ents based on Decatur area monitoring study Tier II - Probabilistic Assessment, accounting for: - Waste Reduction Efforts - Environmental Sinks - Fate, Transport, Exposure Mechanisms 17 Summary and Conclusions No evidence of effects associated with the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonate in the environment. Releases from Decatur, Alabama, facility reduced by half since 1998. New abatement technologies under study. Additional steps to reduce releases: - Reengineering -R einvention - Less bio-accumulation chemistry