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cnSkuwi/ OCTOBER as, 1SS0 Environment The huge water requirements of the chemical industrynow the nation's third largest user--make water quality and availability increasingly important factors for site selectors. Legislation enacted in recent years has forced planners to pay close attention to pollution control standards. All 50 states have had their water quality standards ap proved entirely or in part by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA). Recently a'state-by-state summary of key standards was put together for the first time. Surprisingly, it was not the FWPCA that did the job. Instead it was handled by an American Public Health Assn. (APHA) subcommittee headed by TVA Health Director F. E. Gartreil, assisted by the APHA Engineering and Sanitation Section. A portion of the study, covering standards for surface industrial water, is summarized in the tables starting on p. 80. Contrary to widely held opinions, there is considerable variation in state standards. Take the dissolved oxygen (DO) standard, for example. Minimum allowable DO (as milli grams per liter or percent saturation) is the single most impor tant standard to chemical site evaluators. As a rough rule of thumb, a 2-mg./l standard is considered to be one industry can live with comfortably, while a 6.0 mg./l. value is pegged "extremely tough." California, Wyoming and Washington have set the stan dard at 6 mg./l. or higher. But a few slates such as Con necticut, Maine, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Virginia and Wisconsin require 2 mg./l. or lower. Other standards--notably turbidity, taste, odor, color and solids-may also be important, depending upon the nature of the chemical plant's waste effluents. These standards also ex hibit siste-by-statc differences. Moreover, they are generally leu specific than the straight numerical DO standards. Although chemical plant site experts see little point in "running from tough standards," the criteria do make a difference: Plans for two nonferrous metals plants in Puerto Rico are now on the shelf, because of standards that call for a 4.5 mg./I. DO, no wastes that interfere with the esthetics of the waters and other specifications. No compilation of ground water standards has yet been published. Ground water standards may prove important in the future as companies are forced to use costly deep-well dis posal for wastes. Availability of ocean waste disposal services is also looming more important. Watte Cost,: The price tag for pollution control is high. A recent FWPCA study on the organic chemicals industry esti mated (hat water waste-treatment facilities can increase in stalled capital equipment costs 40% or more. Between '69-'73, the organic chemical industry would have to shell out SI82.5 million to remove 10% of its biological and chemical oxygen demand wane and 65% of its suspended solids. Removal lev els of 83%, 13% and 71%, respectively, for biologic oxygen de mand, chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids would require $242.6 million, while 98%, 30% and 89%, respectively, would up the ante to $608 million. Cleaner Air: Establishment of air quality standards is not nearly as far advanced as are water standards. The National Air Pollution Control Administration (NAPCA) is still desig nating regional air control regions, At last count, 16 regions had been formally designated and another 41 had been pro posed. NAPCA has issued air quality criteria and control technology data for sulfur oxides and particulate matter, will follow with similar studies for other pollutants. Once criteria and control data have been issued for a pollu tant and control regions have been designated, a complicated process involving standards, hearings and implementation and enforcement plans will be initialed that can take over a year to produce standards. So far. no firm sulfur oxide or particulate standards have emerged. But NAPCA's criteria for setting the standards sug gest they'll be tough. The oxide criteria report, for example, emphasizes that there are deleterious effects lo man at con centrations as low as 0.04 ppm. NAPCA's control data reports present detailed appraisals of various methods and equipment, along with estimated costs. As in the case of water, the costs will be high, although some pollutants--mainly sulfur dioxide-will have recovery values. NAPCA is sponsoring a number of research projects to improve technology. Pollunon control is being spurred by financial assistance programs (mandated by state law) now operative in the following 28 states: Arizona, Arkansas. California. Connecticut. Florida. Georgia, Idaho. Illinois, Indiana, Maine. Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington. Wisconsin and West Virginia. In addition, Pennsylvania offers financial aid sanctioned by administrative regulation. Several states, including Utah and Maryland have legislative studies under way. The incentives take a variety of forms. Most common are exemption from personal property taxes (e g.. Arkansas), fast depreciation (Arizona), exemption from ad valorem equip ment and structures taxes (Connecticut), exemption from lo cal taxes for stated period of time (New Hampshire), operating loss deductions (New York); credit against state in come tax (Oregon). Quantity: The large chemical complexes now in vogue make water--and lots of it--a major site criterion. The cooler the water is, the better, for it can reduce the investment in heat-exchange equipment. Occasionally, plants can manage on ground water, but usually surface water is required. That means location on or near the big, drought-resistant riven. There are less than 200 rivers in the U.S. with minimum flows over 50 cu. It. per second (CW Oct. 5, pp. 94-95). For companies whose plant needs at least 100 cu. ft/second, the list numbers only 150 (excluding Alaska). Sea water is generally avoided because of high equipment corrosion costs. Piping water in is expensive. Duval, now opening a 1.5 mil lion tons/year sulfur mine in the arid Northwest area, was forced to install a 36-in., 38-mile-long water line and a 40million-gal. reservoir. Cost of the water supply system hasn't been disclosed, but it is estimated that the lab was at least sev eral million dollars. The adequacy of domestic water resources in the year 2000 has recently been evaluated by the Geological Survey. Na tionally, projected demand will be 173% of potentially as sured supply. Only in three regions. New England, Ohio, and the South Atlantic Eastern Gulf, will future watet require ments be easily met. Economic growth may be handicapped in nine regions: Eastern Great Lakes, Lower Mississippi. Up per Missouri-Hudson Bay, Lower Missouri, Western GulfRio Grande, Pecos, Colorado, Great Basin, and Central and South Pacific. MONS 083792 79 tc For the first time, a summary of water quality standards set by all 50 states. pH Allowable Temperature (*F) allowable Incross* Range Oevtatlen Maslmum above ambient Dissolved oxygen (minimum. mg./l. or %) Other Requirements Alabama 6.0-8.5 1.0 90* (2* hrs.) 93rs*.(jany 8 3* (cooling rater) 10% -- 2.0 at 5 ft. or Radioactivity, Color, Test# and Odor, Task Substances: Only In mlddspth If loss amounts that would not lendoi waters unsuitable for industrial cooling and process watsr supply purposes. Solid*: fros from waste materials that cauaa unsightly or putraacant conditions or intorfora directly or indirectly with industrial use AlMkb 7.0-8.0 0.5 Radioactivity: Not to evened limits of PHS Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity: No Imposed values that would Interfere with established levels of treatment Color: True color less then SO color units. Testa and Odon Shall not unreasonably Impair osthottc considerations. Solida: No dissolved solids above notursl conditions causing corrosion or scaling problems. No visible evidence of other floating solids or sludge deposits. No imposed sediment loads that would Interfere with established treatment levels.* Toxic Substances: Chemical constituents should be below concentrations found to be of public health significance.* Arizona 6 5-8 6 0 5 '* ` 93* 5* -- Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the MPC velus given for continuous occupational exposure In NBS Handbook 69. TurbMNy: 50 JCU (streams): 25 JCU (lakes). Color: Free from waste mate rials m amounts sufficient to change existing color enough to interfere with Industrial uss or to create s nuisance. Taste and Oder: Free from wastes In amounts sufficient to produce enough taste and odor to create a nuisance or Interfere with Industrial uss. Solids: Fret from wastes that would be unsightly, putrescent, odorous or in amounts that would Interfere with Industrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic Ilf# or In amounts that would Interfere with Industrial use. ArkbRMb 6.0-9.0 (24 nrs.) 95` 5* 4.0 (average Radioactivity: "Rulas and Regulations for the Control of Ionizing for any cross Radiation," Arkansas Board of Health, apply. Turbidity: No dis section) Unetly visible Increases due to wastes. Color: Shall not bo In creased to the extent that it Interferes with Industrial use, present or future. Taste and Odor. Must not cause offensive odors or otherwise interfere with industrial use. Solid*: No dis tinctly vlstbt* persistent solids, bottom deposits or sludge banks due to wastes. Toxic Substsnees: Must not be present In amounts toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic Ilf*. California 6.5 8.6 7.0 8 6 (Coastal watsra) 71,6' (fresh water) Nona that would causa ecological change or harm aquatic life (coastal waters)* Coastal water: 5.0 (unless naturally lower) Radioactivity: Shall not excaed 1/10 of the MPC valuta glvtn for continuous occupational exposure in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Free from wattes that could eitsr water's stilling turbidity. Color: Frsa from substances attributable to wastes that produce detrimental color. Tests and Odor: No substances that impart foreign taste or odor. Solids: Dissolved solids In fresh water must not exceed 300 mg./I. at any time; annual maan: 17S mg./l. Ssttlsable solid* must not be able to change nature of stream bottom or harm aquatic environment. Texk Substances: At *11 times tree from concentrations harmful to humans, aquatic life or wild or domestic animals. Colorado 5 0-9.0 -- 3,0 Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the 168-hr-week values In MBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Must not Interfere with estab lished levels of treatment. Color: Wastes present must not cause appreciable change In color or interfere with Industrial use. Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that cause odor or eppreciable change in taste. Solids: Free from wastes that are unsightly, putrescent or odorous or would Interfere with use. Toxic Substances: Frs* from wastes in concentrations or com binations sufficient to harm human or animal life. Connecticut 6.0-9.0 -- Delaware 6.5-8.5 -- Florida 6.0-8.6 1.0 None uniees It does not exceed re commended limits for In dustrie! use 2.0 5* 50%* or 4.0 40 Redleectlvlty: Limits to b* approved by appropriate stet* agency. Turbidity, Color, Teste end Odon Non* In such quanti ties that would impair indualrlal utt. Solids: Limited to small amounts that may result from discharge of appropriately treated wastes. Toxic Substances: Free from chemical constitu ents In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Radioactivity: Alpha emitter* limited to 3 pc/l.; beta emitters, to 1,000 pc/l. Color, Taste and Odor: None In concentrations thet causo color, taste or odor, teilda: Free from unsightly end malodorous nuisances due to floating solids or sludge de posits. Toxic Substances: Non* in concentrations harmful (synsrgistically or otherwise) to human*. fish, shellfish, wildlife or aquatic life. Radiation: dross beta--1.000 pc/l. (In absence of Sr-90 and alpha emitters). Turbidity: 50 JCU. Coler: Must not render water unfit for industrial-cooling or process-water supply purposes. Taste: Must not render water unfit for industrial ue; phenols 0 001 maximum. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly average: 500 mo./I. Must ba fraa from floating wastes that are unsightly or deleterious nr other waste* that settle to fori.i putrescent or objectionable sludge doposlts. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Cu. 0.5 mg./l.; Zn, 1.0; Cr, 0.05: Pb. 0-05; Fa, 0.3; As, 0.05; F, 10.0; Cn, non* detectable. 00 HONS 083793 pH Allowable Temperature (*F) allowable Increase Range Deviation Maximum above ambient Dissolved oxygen (minimum mg./l. or %) Other Requirements Georgia 6.0-8.5 -- 93.2* 10* (above Intake) 2.S Radioactivity: Must conform to date statutes- Turbidity. Cater, 3.0 (dally ever* Taste and Oden Free from wastes that cause objectionable con- *6*) dltlons or interfere with Industrial use. Sallda: Free from wastes that ara unsightly, putrascant or otharwlao objectionable or would Interfere with Induatrtal us# Toxic Substances: No wostoe in concentrations that would prevent fish survival or Interfere with Industrial use. Hawaii 6.B-8.5 -- -- -- 4.6 Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the values given by NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Free from soil particles from erosion caused by land development or agricultural use. Teete end Oden Wastes, after dilution end mixture, must not Interfere with In dustrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from subatancea In con centration# harmful to. human, animal, or marine Ufa or that make waters unsuitable for Industrial use. Idaho 6.5-9.0 O.S -- 2* Only If 75% (at aaa- Radioactivity: Not to exceed limits ol '62 PHS Drinking Water water 66* or sonal low) Standards. Turbldttyr No objectionable turbidity that sen be >M* traced to a point source Solids: No floating or submargod mat ter; no sludge deposit# that could adversely effect Industrial use. Toxic Substance*: No wastes of other then natural origin In concentration* of public health significance or that could adversely affect Industrial uaa. Illinois 6.0-9.0 -- 95* -- 2.0 Color, Tasts and Odor: Free from wastas that produce color, 3.0 (for lo hra. 0(f0r or taste in such a degree as to crests a nuisance. toMtt period) Free from ftostlng wastas that aettla and form unsightly, dele terious or putrescent deposits. Texlc Subtleness: Free from wastas In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life. Indiana &.0-9.0 -- 96* -- 1.0 Color, Tost# and Odor: Fros from wastoa that produeo color, 2.0 (dallv tasta or odor In such a degree as to create a nuisance. Sellda: average) Dissolved solids must not exceed 1.000 mg./l.; monthly aver age. 750 mg./l. Must be free from unsightly. putrescent, dele terious or otherwise objectionable wastoa. TMe tubateuses: Free from wastes In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic Ufa. lew* -- Color, Taste and Oder Free from wastes that produce color, teste or odor In eueh e degree ee to be detrimental to industrial use. tellds: Free from floating wastes In amount* th*t would be unsightly or deleterious or othsr wastes that satlla to form putrescent or objectionable sludge deposits. Tbxle Substances: No westaa in concentrations or combinations detrimental to human, animal or aquatic Ufa or to Industrial uaa. Kansas 6.5-9.0 -- 90** -- 4.0* Turbidity: No Ineraasa that causae substantial visible contrast with natural appearance or that Is detrimental to Industrial use. Colors Discharges of color-producing substances limited to con centrations not detrlmantai to Industrial use. Test* and Oder. Concentrations limited to those that would ool result In notice able offensive odors or otherwise interfere with Industrial use. Solids: Free from floating debris or materiel In emounte that would be unsightly or detrimental to Industrial use. Teste Sub stances: Pollutions! substances must be maintained below con esntratlons detrimental for Industrial us*. Ksntucky 5.0-9.0 95* 73* (Doc.Feb.) 2*/hr 10*/day Color, Teete end Oder: Wastes must not crests s nuisance. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1.000 mg./l.; monthly average: 750 mg./l. No floating wastes In unsightly or dele terious amounts: no other wastes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable sludges- Toxic Substances: No wastes In con centration* or combinations harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life. Louisiana e.o-s.o -- 96.0' 90% Radioactivity: Specific limits sat for all radioactive Isotopes re leased as waste. Sands: Non* that would produce floating masses, sludge banks or bods on bottom, either organic or In organic. Toxic Substances: No wastes In concentretlens or com binations harmful to animal or plant Ufa. Main* 6.0-9.0* 0.6* 90** Radioactivity! Not to exceed `62 PKS Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity, Cotor, Test* and Oden Free from wastas that Impart turbidity, eoior, taste or odor or Impair Industrial us*. Solids: Free from sludge deposit*, solid refuse end floating solids Toxic Substances: No chemical constituents from watts sources harmful to humans or that adversely affect fndustrltl use. Maryland s.o-9.0 (unless natural) -- loo* MsssachusstU 6.0-9.0 I 90* 4.0 (unless natu roily lower) 2.0 Color, Taste and Odor Free from waste materials that change existing color or produce teat* and odor to such a degree as to create e nuisance or Interfere with Industrie! use. Solid*: Free from wastes that float, settle to form deposits, create a nuisance or interfere with Industrial use and ere unsightly, putrescent or odorous. Toxic Substance*: Free from toxic wastes that Interfere with Industrial use or that are harmful to human, plant, animal or aquatic Ufa. Radtoaettvfty: None In concentrations harmful to human, animal or equatic life. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor. Nono In con centrations that would impair industrial us*. Solids: Nona al lowed except that which may result from the discharge from waste-treatment facilities providing appropriate treatment- Texic Substances: Nono In concentrations or combination* harmful to human, animal or aquatic Ufa. MQNS 083794 81 Water quality standards Nsw Hampshire 6.0-8.5 (unless | natural) Naw Jersey 6.S-8.5 (unless natural) i Now Moxico 6.6-0.6 New York 6.0-9.6 82 87* (unit natural) No Incraaaa that would tntarlara with this use* S* (up to 87*) Must not pollute or make water untlt for this use B*(average 7 days) Rata: 4.0* ' Turbidity, Color, Taata and Odor: Hone In objectionable amounta. Solid*: No floating solids or sludga daposlta In objectionable amounts. ToiK Substance*: Non* in toxic concentrations or combinations. Turbidity, Solids: Nona notieanbl* In water or deposited along shore. Color, Taata and Oden Nona that ara offensive to humans or detrimental to aquatic biota. Toxic Subalances: Nona that would affect humane er be detrimental to equotlc biota. Radioactivity; Not greater than 1/10 of the 4S-hr value in NB8 Handbook 69. Turbidity: Shall not cause substantial visible con trast with natural appearance. Colon Should not create an eathetlcally undesirable condition. Taste and Odor No odors, other than of natural origin, that ara eathetlcally objectionable or obnoxious. Solids: No objectionable floating solids or debris and sediment that significantly altar properties of bottom. Toxic Substances: No amounts toxic to humans, plants, fish, animals. Colon No colored wastes that alone or In combinations make water unsuitable for industrial use. Solids: No floating or settleable solids or sludga deposits that ara readily visible and at tributable to wastes. Toxic Substances: Nona alone or In com binations that would Impair Industrial use. MGNS 083795 Water quality standards r pH Allowable Tomporaturo (*F) allowable Incrtau Renge Levletlon Maximum above ambient EHarth Carolina Normal 98' a* low aa Dluolvrt oxygen (minimum) mg./l. or %) 3.0 Other Requirement* Colon Must not render water unfit for Industrial cooling, peUdet Must not. after dilution and mlxtura, make water unfit for Indue trial cooling. Toxic Substancaa: Must not make water unfit for industrial cooling. ewarn pa North Dakota 6.0-9.0 93* 3.0 5.0 (lor 16 hrs./day) Radioactivity; No discharge allowed unless materials are readily soluble or dispersible end of quantities acceptable to state health department. Color. Taste end Oden No wastes that color water or result in objectionable odors to a dsgrea that Impairs Indue trial use- SoMds: No unsightly floating wastes that would ed verseiy effect Industrial use or wastes that settle to form pu trescent or objectionable deposits. Taxlc Substances: No con centrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic Ufa. Ohio 6.0-9.0 -- 96* 1.0 2.0 (dally overage) Color. Teste end Odom Free from waetee that produce coler or odor to a degree that creates a nuisance. SeUdei Ofaaalvad solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly average; 750 mg./l. Must be free from fleeting or other weelee that settle to form putrescent or objectionable deposits or that are unsightly or deleterious. Taxlc Substances: No wastea In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic Ufa. Otflfihom* 6.8-S.5 -- Otwyon e.5-9.0 rk PMMytnnla c.o-.o 93* B* 2* (only If weter TO* or last) 4.0 Radioactivity: Average concentration at points of controlled release shall not escetd State Board of Health Radiation Pro tection Regulations. Turbidity: Nona that cauaaa visible contrast with natural conditions. Colon Nono that la persistant In con centrations detrimental to industrial use. Taste and Oder; No concentrations that would causa offensive odors In vicinity of water or otherwise interfere with industrial use. Baida; Free from floating dtbria. bottom deposits or other materials. Taxlc Substances; Nona In quantities that make water toxic to hunen, animal, plant or aquatic Ufa. 5.0 Radiation; Shall not pose external hazard. Turbidity: 9 JCU above natural. Celor, Teats end Oder: No objectionable discoloration or conditions esthotlceUy offensive to human senses of taste or smell. Solids: No floating solids, organic or Inorganic deposits injurious to Industry. Texts lubelances: No oanditlene Injurious to public health. 93* 2/hr* 3:8 (dailv everage) Color. Teeto and Odor No wastes that produce colors, tostoe or odors in amounts harmful to Industrial use. SoHds: Dissolved solids must not exceed 750 mg./l.; monthly average: 500 mg./). No hosting wastes or substances that settle to lorwi sludge In amounts harmful to industrial use. Toxic Substances: None In amounts harmful to Industrial use. 4* 3.0* Radioactivity. Toxic Substances; No concentrations or combine* 5.0* (16 fire./ tions harmful to human, animal or aquatic Ufa. Turbidity. Tests day) and Oden None In concentrations that would Impair Industrial use. Sends: No solid refuse, floeting solids or sludge deposits. CMWlbia 6.0-8.g -- r (swamps) 93.2* 10** 3.0* 2.5* (swamps) Turbidity. Color, Teats end Oden Free from wastes that change the existing turbidity or color or that produce taste or odor to such a degree as to causa a nuisance or Interiors with industrial use. SelidSi None from waste sources In amounts that ere un sightly, putrescent, odorous or that causa a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic Ilia or that interfere directly or Indirectly with Industrial use. Smith Dakota 6.0-9.5 - i ' f I i * 1.0 -- -- -- Radioactivity: None permitted in water unless readily soluble or dispersible and in quantities allowed by federal or state agencies. Celor, Taete and Oder: No wastes that produce mate rial discoloration or undesirable odors. SoHda: Dissolved solids must not excood 2,000 mg./ 1. No wastes producing Hooting solids, sludgo deposits or other offensive effects. Texte Substances: None in concentrations toxic to human, animal or aquatic life. Enough to pro- Radioactivity: Nona that could adversely affect industrial use. vent offensive Turbidity, Color: None in amounts or concentrations that could conditions not be reduced to acceptable levels by conventional treatment. Teste and Oder: None that would rosult In teste or odor tnat would prevent use for Industrial processing. SeMdat Dissolved solids must not oxcood 500 mg./l. No distinctly visible solids, bottom deposits or sludge bonks that could be detrimental to Industrial use. Taxlc Substancaa: Nona that produces toxic conditions that would adversely affect water for Industrial use. Ttxat 6.0-5.5 6.0-9.0 (cooling water) l 4.0 Radioactivity: Regulated by Texas Radiation Control Act and Texae Regulations for Control of Radiation. Turbidity: No sub stantial Increase due to wastes. CeloR No substantial visible oontrsst with natural appearance of receiving waters attar wattes rectlve bsst practical treatment. Taete and Oden No concentrations that product offensive odors. Spllda: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1.000 mg./l.. unless water used only for cooling. Must be eseenUelly free from floating or settlsabla suspended solids that would adversely affect Industrial use. Taxlc Substancaa: Shall not show acuta or chronic toxicity to humans, animals or aquatic ute to such an extern aa to inter fere with Induetrlal use. HONS 083796 Water quality standards pH Allowable Tamparatura (*F) allowabla Increase Rang* Pevfatlew .Maximum abevs ambient Dissolved oxygon (minimum mg./l. er %) Other Requirement* Utah 6.5-9.0 -- -- Varment 6.D-S.5 - - -- -- Radioactivity: Shall not *KC**d 1/30 of MFC* value* for con tinuous occupational exposure In N0S Handbook 69 Turbidity, Color; No waataa In amount* that would Chang* itting turbidity or color anough to croata public nuiaanca or intarfora with Industrial use- Taata and Odor No waataa in amount* that would produca tait* or odor. Solids: No floating waata* that ar un sightly or that intarfara with industrial uaa; no waaloa that . sattla to form unsightly or odorous sludgt or bottom dapostto. Tania Subelaneesi No woataa In concentration* or combination* toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic Ufa or that would intarfara with induatriai uaa. * 5 0* (16 hn 1 Radioactivity! To ba approved by appropriate atata agency, day) Turbidity, Color, Taato and Odor: Nona in concentrations that would impair industrial uao. Solid*: No floating solid*, sludge dapoalts er aolfd refute. Toxic Substances: No chemical con stituents In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animat or aquatic tile. Virginia s.0-9.0 (ewempe es low es 4.3) Washington 6.5-S.5 95** (unlese neturelly higher) No sudden changesthat could harm aquatic Ufa 1.0* 2.0* (daily average) 70* 6.5 or 70% Cetfr, Taata and Oder: No waatas that change existing color or produce odor to such e degree ee to creete e nuiaence er interfere with Industrie! use. Solids: No floating wastes that ara unsightly or create e nuisanee or other wastes that settle to form unsightly, pulrsscent or odorous deposits. TtahE Substancest No wastes In concentrstlons or combination* that would Intarfara directly or Indlreotly with Induatriai uaa. Radioactivity, Toxic Substances: Below concentrations that could adversely affect Industrial use. Turbidity: Less than 10 JCU over natural conditions. Color, Taste and Odor. SoNdt: Dissolved, suspended, floating or aubmerged matter *hall net reduce esthetic values so es to effect Industrial use. WtSt Vlrginls Process . water: 5.5-9.0 , Cooling water: , 5.0-9.0 Wisconsin 6.0-9.0 -- CooHng water: 93* (May- 5* Nov>j Rate: 73* (Dec.- 2*/hr. Apr.) (Oec.-Apr.) Process wetsr must permit fish passage o.b ar 1.0 2.0 (tfslty averse*) 1.0 2.0 (dally average) i Wyoming g.5-8.5 - 2* (for whore tamp, not over 70*) 6.0 Color: None that Is objectionable. Taste and Oden No objection able odors in vicinity of the water. Seddet No distinctly visible floating, settlesM* or suspended solids of unreasonable kind or quantity. No objectionable bottom deposits or sludge bonbs. Toxic Substances: No concentrations of maleriels poisonous to-human. animal or fish life. Color, Teste end Oder: Ne materiel* producing ooler, tests or odor in amounts that would create e nuisance, ftflds; Dis solved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg,/l.; doily average: 790 mg./l. No fleeting er submerged debris or waste substances that would causo objectionable deposits In amounts to creete nuisance. Toxic Substances: None In concentration* or com binations toxic to humans or of public rteeith significance. Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of NBS Handbook 69 values. TurbMIty: No more than is JCU above natural (when turbidity I* 150 JCU or lass); otherwise, no more then 10% above natural. Colar: Essentially free of wastes that visibly alter natural color of water or impart color to vessels or structures. Teat* end Oder. Essentially free from substances that would product detectable odor at sita of use. Solids: Esssntlally free from fleeting or eettleabia solids that are unsightly or settle to form sludge, bank or bottom deposlte. Toxic Substance*: Fro* from toxic eubstanoes in concentration* or combination* lenl* to human, animal or aquatic life. * Standard reserved from Federal Water Pollution Control Administration approval. 11 - total cumulative heat addition allowed from unnatural waata sources, at any point throughout the given stream reach. T highest occurring temperature lor e given period. In e specific stream reach. Abbreviations: PMS--Public Health Servlet; NBS--Notional Bureau of Standard*; JCU--Jackson Candle Units; pc/1.--plcocurles par liter. Source: Water Ouadty Standards of the United States, Territories, and thg District of Columbia, American Public Health Assn.. Subcom mittee on Water Quality Control, end Engineering and Sanitation Section. Nolo: Speoille limits tor eoWforms. biologic oxygon demand, plant nutrients, oil, grease, scum, bottom deposits, pesticides, specific con ductance. carbon chloroform extract, synthetic detergents not included. Some state* set standards for each stream reach or river basin; in such cases, table shows least stringent requirement. This reprint is an excerpt from the "Plant Sites. '69" report that appeared in the October 29,1969 issue of CHEMICAL WEEK Copyright 1969 -Hill, hie.. Nr't' York, N.Y This urlirlr way not he x-pnulmcil without permission. MONS 083797