Document qmoNBXBLVLbXZ1rnV21oZB6EG

l ead t it an at e ex po s u r e s t u d ies December 3, 1956 ALLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES Chicago, Illinois N14222 LEAD TITANATE EXPOSURE STUDIES ;'funeral Statement Lead Titanate - a high temperature furnaced pigment, cream white in "color, of high opacity - first became available for practical test purposes early ; in 1934. Claims fcr great durability were made as a component of mixed paints. Exposure' Studies. 1954 The pigment combinations shown in Table I were put out for exposure in 1934 on both Y/hite and fellow Pine, using S?iP White as the guide coat on a por tion of each panel to eliminate wood differences. These paints have gone through three summers' vertical exposure. The oil used was half raw and half alkali refined Linseed. Because ;of the high density of Lead Titaunts, the poundage of pigments required to produce ready to use paints was considerably higher than normal, resulting in gallon weights up to 20 pounds for the 100# Load Titanate paint down to 17 pounds for the .lower percentages containing inert pigments. Also, the Lead Titanate used had extremely high thixotropic properties, making it difficult to produce a satis& factory ready to use consistency paint within the customary pigment-volume relation ships. These paints being between 24# to 27# pigment volume. Table X Pigment Compositions vPanel No. Lead Titanate Titanox 3 White Lead Leaded Zinc 35/65 Asbestine 34 Sp 38 34 Sp 39 1.84 Sp 56 54 Sp 41 34 Sp 59 f34 Sp 40 34 Sp 42 34 Sp 57 34 Sp 58 .34 Sp 60 ?4 Sp 61 100* 50* 50* 50* 40* 40* 40* 40* 50* 50* 25* --- 0# -- -- 50# -- -- 40# -- --- 40# - 30#' _ 15# - 10# -- --- ---- 50# 60# -- -- 20* 40# 20* - 20* 30# 10* 45# 10* 45# 20* 0007-SWP-000006808 Exposure Results The high content Lend Titanate paints dried slower than normal paints, producing soft, tender films. This resulted in abnormal dirt collection and mildew formation; although the exposure location was such that the generally accepted types of paints exposed along with the Lead Titanate did not show mildew or abnormal dirt collection. After three summers* (-1/2 years) exposure the 100$ Lead Titanate paint has shown no tendency to ''clean up" and remains almost black. Film is intact. The 50$ Lead Titanate, 50$ Titanox B at the end of the third summer has begun to chalk heavily, although traces of the earlier excessive dirt collect ion remain. The film presents a strongly eroded appearance. The 40$ Lead Titanate', 40$ Titancx 3 and 0$ Asbestine shows baa cracking, generally following the valleys of the brush marks. Films chalking moderately but retaining appreciable dirt collection. This formulation with White Lead replacing Lead Titanate in other exposure tests has shown good dura bility with minimum tendency toward cracking. The panels similar to tile two. preceding Lead Titanates but with the Titanox B replaced with White Lead (BLC) both show excessive dirt collection, no chalking, film intact. The remaining exposure panels of this series contain Zinc Oxide in percentages varying from 20$ to 40$. All are chalking moderately but still show considerable dirt collection. The Zinc Oxide apparently hardened the films in the earlier drying and exposure stages so that a much milcer form of dirt col lection resulted. Film still intact. 0007-SWP-000006809 -3- :~TTse of Lead Titanate in Tints The performance of Lead Titanate as the component of. the white base i?*--:for light tints of house paints is indicated by exposure 34 Sp 61, which has the # Sfc* following pigment composition; 25% Lead Titanate 26% White Lead - 1056 BLC, 16% BLS 29J5 Zinc Oxide 2055 Asbestine 100% The degree of chalking at the end of the third summer is ccnsider- jE'.ably less than that of the 50 Lead, 40 Zinc, 10 inert base for tints used by S-W V* eand several of the affiliated companies. The dirt collection is slightly greater. I' . * In locations where the dirt collection is at a minimum, tint reten tion of light colored paints containing 25% Lead Titanate should be improved. In -locations - particularly- cities where dirt collection is prevalent, the tint c i retention as judged by general appearance, would not be as good as at present. In this connection it should be noted that the low Zinc Oxide content in the fol lowing formula showed no improvement in reducing dirt collection over that of the above formula or of the formula containing 40% Zinc Oxide. 30% Lead Titanate 50% White Lead 20% Zinc Oxide 10% Asbestine 100% frflse of Lead Titanate In Exterior Primers At the same time the above exposures were put out, a primer con- `taining 77% Lead Titanate and 23% micaceous inert was applied over both Tfliite and Yellow Pine under SWP ?faite-. To date the films remain intact, with no evidence Of checking or cracking of the top coats. 0007-SWP-000006810 -4- Exoosure Studies, 1955 The 1935 series were devoted largely to a study of Lead Titanate as a major component in the pigmentation of exterior house paint primers. 29 such formulations were placed on exposure in two and three coat work on Vfhite Pine and Yellow Pine siding at Sarnia, Ontario. STCP Gloss White (Ti02 type) was used as the top coats. The formulations included Lead Titanate, approximately 75$, v/ith inerts such as Asbestine, Mica, and Sericite, with treated oil vehicles, in some instances with resins. The pigment-volume-concentrations varied from 31$ to 35$. Lead Titanate was also used in proportions from 32$ to 64$ with other opaque pig ments, including basic lead carbonate, ana leaded zinc, some with inerts. In these formulations the pignent-volume-concentrations were held at 35$. For details see "Outline of Exterior House Paint Primer Studies." These exposures have now been out slightly over one year and have not as yet reached a stage where they may be differentiated as to their merits as primer formulations. Studies which were initiated on the influence of Lead Titanate in 2inc Sulfide - Calcium Sulfate exterior paints will be dealt with in a separate report. * ;* i Exposure Studies. 1936. The 1936 series includes a study of Lead Titanate as a component in the pigmentation of an oil paint for metal surfaces. The formulation is basically a primer of vehicle construction such as was used for the wood primer tests of 1935, The finish coat is similar to SV*P #363 Slate with a pigmentation of 20$ Lead Titanate, 53$ Leaded 2inc 40/60, 14$ Basic Lead Carbonate, and 13$ Asbestine. 0007-SWP-000006811 As a control we used two coats of regular #563 Slate which has as its pigmentation 70$ Leaded Zinc 40/60, 1955 Basic Lead Carbonate, and 11$ -Asbestine. At present, after 46 weeks of exposure at Chicago both panels have & fair general appearance with no film failures. The formula carrying 20$ Lead Titanate shows less chalking than the regular, but contrary to our expectations, shows a greater degree of fading. In the 1936 series, we have also extended the study of Lead Titanate to improve tint retention in exterior house paints. Our tint base carried a pig mentation of 10$ Lead'Titanate, Leaded Zinc 50/50, 12$ Basic Lead Carbonate, and 12$ Asbestine. The paint weighed 17 pounds per gallon, and had a pigment- volume-concentration of 26.9$. This base was tinted to match SWP #496 Ivory, #462 Cream, and #353 Light Lead, respectively, and exposed against tile regular SYS* tint as a control in each instance. The painting was done in three coat work on White Pine, and also as two coat repaint work on previously painted and exposed White Pine panels. Since these closures have only been out for a few months there is no distinct difference as yet in the tint retention of the Lead Titanate tints compared with the regulars. However, where any differences do appear, they favor the Lead 'Titanate. : There are 15 panels in the above series. This work will be further extended to study formulations carrying a higher percentage of Lead Titanate. Three basic pigmentations will be used: (a) 70$ Leaded ^inc, 15$ Lead Titanate, ;:15$ Asbestine; (b) 65$ Leaded Zinc, 17-1/2* Lead Titanate, 17-l/2$ Asbestine; and (c) 60$ Leaded Zinc, 20$ Lead Titanate, 20$ Asbestine. 0007-SWP-000006812 6- - 5' t'r.onclusions to Date X. In white paints. Lead Titanate in percentages sufficient to produce definite results, produces a yellowish white sufficiently pronounced to be objectionable. 2. Filins containing substantial percentages of Lead Titanate are subject to excessive dirt collection and mildew formation. 3. Lead Titanate, Titanox B films - White Lead absent - tend to crack. 4. Improvement in tint retention of light colored paints is indicated but at the expense of heavier dirt collection. 5. While the primer tests over the resincus woods show excellent results to *' date - the slow, soft drying characteristics of Lead Titanate present definite difficulties as to fool-proof exterior primer formulations. V HVL SFC/AR 0007-SWP-000006813