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FILE NAME: Colonial Sugar Refinery (CSR) DATE: 1927 DOC#: CSR178 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Book Excerpt - Handbook of Ore Dressing Asbestos Section \ * % 18 METALS AND MINERALS 8k. 1 produe* tbs "Blar-brand" ingots. Antirnooial or maiid lead cooUiainii 10 to 20 prr cent. 8b is obtained ns A by-product in smelting ood rafining nntimoninl-lead concentrate. I. Arsenic, At f n f M t N . Metal: atasl-srar, 1patrols u d erritaUiM, or bbek. dell ted amorphous: Mittlc- (See aleo Teble 11 Af. or.. 74 0 L'uttered in dry i v . btsomso tkneiw d Is taoiet eir. burse e l ISO* C. is sir or oxygen with bluieb l i e * lormisg ereesie trioride Mot elteeked by wtlsr. Dues sot dissolve in hydrochloric or sulphuric ecid or hoses, bul is slowly oddired esd dieeutvrd by silric ocid C osbiote dirc.-tly erith most t i t s o l l Arsesic is Iri- ssd guisqee-vsleot esd both b u s- sod scid-forooicg It slloya s iib a s s y swtole, slraoet isvsrisbly formiog s brittle slloy. - Pees. Tbs prisctpsl sere err lor (oosetieideo such se Peris fir m end Iced ersesste Cor plant eprsta ssd asIctus: are-rate for boll-weevil extermination. Sodium erscsita Is used is considerable usaliliex or rsilreede and highways lor s liquid weed lullcr. The white oxide is used is gloss toesisg to mask the coloring effect of metallic oxides ssd import brilliancy. It Is also used is staking ahrep and cattle dips. The red end yellow sulphides are used for pigmentr is psinte calico printing, dyeing and tanning. Small amounts of the element art used for ctrtais alloys, principally lead shot. Ores. Arsenic occur* go a constituent of 30 or more minerals iHcss, M B. fSi-i p. 8 5 '/ but the principal source: arc arsenopyriic. arsenide: and pulphnrsenides associated will, ores of lead, <-.,p|ier bad the precious niKals, the arsenic being a hy-|oJjc:. Arsen'.p> rite is mined f'.r the arsenic content in a few places. Realtor and orpimenl occur as vei:. mineraU associated with barite, stibnite, quartj. pyrite, and precious metals, but there ia little or no mining of such d'pos-ts for arsenic content. Production. 8k Table 8. T ables. -World's pr jductim ol white arsenic (in metric toot (MR cad i l l ) C'<untry t e n IVlt ki; 10M '.'17 . 1018 1910 Uu.. 1921 I0.M ; 1023 I'nin-d Slal>. . 3 4.*.: ll^U .11iti 473d 44>9 l*i ; Canada. .......... 1411 2174 lv>i 2003 3230 1073 2 2 il France............ 324 471 f.77 093. 734 Germany............ t i w Kn; n v . I2M 20>l 3492 1473 2 077 Japan................. 21 u 11 244 233 0 M e x ico .............. Portugal............. : i w VV i 1245, i m i ; I ........ i 24 430 a .is i Cl; United Kingdom 1722 3!>. 34V. 2 '> ' 2*rii 2387, 2V.S 2.02- Others ()......... mu M 11* -W) 020 424 1120 2 !*'.> 4112 1133 2y / 130.1 72* 1019 1#*10 \**>6 12.047 2337 2.307 . I 2-V/> 2U11 271 094! 2203 a Includa: Bvlgiun. Chic * Gr-so. i|u>-cusland, Rbodesiu. Pp ir. Cpinn of S luth .lirica. Tabic 0 Price range of nr- ; i IVA, i l l , j , Cesta |c r in. > 10 If. 111. t 1917 4 S t - 11 1012 1910 b V. |M 1 1920 0 11 1! 4 1021 7 12 t o n -- ------2 9 tu 11 4 1923 * i-, i i : 1921 t 13 1 Selling. The ronme-rrinl torni ia the trinxidc, 99 per ct-t.t. or Imi ter purity, white olid finely p.ud'-n-d \ small mount of lotacr-ciuda off-color ma terial is sold. Tit*- |>;V.' has inrrcaaed in recent years du>- t-> tin- growing u*c of calcium nr.--ci.at- in conlrolliigt lull-weevil damage to ,,ti,,n. Produc tion facilities have increased greatly as a result until now they arc prulwbly in cxrern of normal demand. Range of /-yearly a vera;- priceti of triosidc Art A ASBESTOS 10 from 1901 to 1918 wag 2.74 to 3.18 easts per lb. Range sinet 1918 is girts in Table 9. treatment. Arsenical fumes and dust from bag houses and Cottrell precipitaton in lead and copper smelters are calcined or roasted in reverbera tory or special furnaces and tbe fume condensed in an ordinary flue system Th* fume ia known as black dust and contains about 90 per cent. As,Oi. It is icfined in n coke-fired furnace connected to a special flue system in which the refined (+ 99 per cent.) AsjP, collects 8. Asbestos frapsrtiss. Aabcalos ia a same diaerihms a hbroua form of aevarml real mincrsli r^tbit than the Mini 1 on# definite mineral- Tbe uual minrraU t> occur in nbrou* f*rn.and are domed oa asbestos are chry*otile.3 >1*0 2 friOj-2 HjO. a varwiy of *erpfMins trtm'fUte. Ca0 3 MgO 4 SiOj; setinolitc, CoC> 3i.\lg.Ft)0 4 Si':. crocidoltu. SaFt ?M)|). -FeSiO; and notbopbyllit# <MgFr>G ?:0;. til vaneti- of tmphilwlr Auncher variety of ompbibole recently diacovereJ in s -uth Africa an J there mint-J ia called It analt*i*. con.pareU *ith average ar..!>.'* *-f rhr>i'Ulv. cnici<l*mr an# t-.-isOfbylliu it fiveo in Table 10 Sc o* of cl.r; .( tii ; u 2 -Mo 2 04 aaJ of lh*- amplii^4v ' U to > CO * vwO- -vrj O ,* 0 ) ifl z l t CL O o * s* ei< :.--: st-e Is l T;< 50 Acxly*-* of ati-- i.. y , Sqc. a C r -'ii fi A : . t A tilli*< |-li> U u - - n & /-k ............j A b f j ............................... I . * ............................ | . - f .............................. .. . Mm` *........................................ . * .. j N . ............................ ' v./r. . 4 0 .4 9 j 1 .2 7 2 43 . 4141 t - 1 h .c ; 3i ei 31 3> 2 41 7 11 4 v id 3024 7 40 32 00 3 90 T r. 2 13 3 (! . * 1 57 12 0 73 . 6 .3 4 29 44 6 47 o U . i yv f o rP t 3 Ui -f ( l. 5 U . fir k v - . r Cl. ) ** -'. if*- it* < - v .r r - 1. . * *.. i.Jhr.e u m *. 2 i. l < ! U I A .K / . V . . i1 t l ' a r - j :*> * . c f M u . v r u l ' g y - c I 'r iv a t c ii-t, j f.- 4 I g j .i v .- T . s . l i b r i t i . 1 - J l S - l b l ' j , i r ; - . . ! il I ' l l ' i . 1 /f * * v .#<*< P a r i e ( O f f U iv^ner 3 0 to 3 2 Lckctm o r r it e * ranges or lir.ari!) !rm ?, in ne in* to l? j or i it,; escf-ptioiaally ib e r a* long ai 24 in. bo* t*n foui ! Ar ii** iU-r is lont*t th at t\- *\trgr, Ff*f strength and Pcat4iiiy. finen*.# c-f CUr. a:.-l rcaitni:rt to beat nui an inigcriaiat element in fudging the vt!u of Ih jVv# Oiryi-rUi. ha high 0cu> %iJ n.eliura etrength and retaer t. he rr .vi t'rKilolte baa bigb<r .:?* tr< i.gtli lLat. ebryaotiW- tut lee* tv*Uui;<< biai. baa lu' trengtli *Cruhility but bigb reaiaiaim to beat and aei-t> Au.'niu let U-a tirtngib and fleat* *\ rb in ehryb'-iilr, but i>*in hr ii. It tTvntar.er te hea: ut. i u> I* t?e*. Akle(ca it vr<l idtly fw fturpoei-7 inrolvti.c ##** to rtd and torca- i> I n dtgrtt of trial. l.ong*f.her nmteria) * **l rrit-'ipally in ntahiug out* *+r -t .! Itrak*- taod: otber uacn are It-e fir*p#K>l eurtatitv c-i arurl.** ol rbnhiiie. paekiMi ; a keir. (read ami irbiiig. eleclrtral ii*iil*i* ri rh'r il l sb calory nii|>4rtua anJ l.i-p. ir grade ait uhI in nsaLmg -I -umI o l |4intiir rf*otingv pipe p.i|f 7 ami millboard, ami arberln* c ! * a m-s- fur Uf-at iisulauouon t am! r-s|<| pi|g*, tuve nod furnace!. ftrrrr'#'jf a:l tl>' Oit*. Abroto* fihr occur* thnt* fcrn.> it* ti nmntry r*Kk, linown ^ S*ftivcly o rmao-fiber vain, vciim oml mua filler. In ff- lil*t vein the SUmcrtn Air orientad at rifflit #mrk'* to tlc iu vnlli. Fila- in ali|-|UnY vein* n* nol mi n^u b rli at the TUftMUier, fmt hHi ifi*nlation a* exiMa ii fcncn)l>' jmr.ic! to the vein walU. Mas* lcr *' tu unnriented manen* dMcmMl<il through the rounlry rock. Crug*- `T '' Produced in Asbestos Persons! InjuryCasesr Abrrnre'-std and copiad to Richard -. bcruggs METALS AND MINERALS 8w. 2. fiber a Buck the beat from the point of vie of fiber length. Tbe vein of abeetoe occur in aaiocietion with serpentine in limestone ta d dolomite and in altered peridolitee. Prodaction. T tc Coiled State* i* the principal consumer of aabeataa but a wglifihle producer. Imporu of unmanufactured aabeataa h a rt in maned from 61,000 lonf ton* in IBM to nearly 190,000 in 1933, while pro duction rinct 1918 ha* maned between S7 tons minimum in 1923 and 1650 tons maximum in 1920. Canada i* the principal world producer, with n record volume of 233.000 ehurt Iona in 1933. In the eame year Rhodesia produced alwut 20.000 tpns; Cnion of South Africa, 8400 tons; and scattered small amount* were trined in Australia, Conic, Cyprus, Madagascar, New Zealand and Rumia. The latter country exported about 11,000 ton* annually before tbe revolution. Selling. Filer is eroded differently by different producers, but In general, the grading comepond* approximately to that ehown in Table 11 1114 J tT l). The avenge price of all grade* sold in Canada ranged between S10 and 820 per ton from 1913 until 1916. when it began to climb, leaching ISO in 1919. The peak was rearhvd in 1021. In that year No. 1 crude sold at 83000 per ton compared to 8350 iu 1913. Tait-. 11. Oraic* asd p tic'i ol Canadian bestos T ra it iai< No. ) tr iti* - ... -, . . . .. No 2 crud......... i ... . . Lo* ip iu in i fiber . .. MncMti* Md cpntMkHJiMl fiber........... .1 P i p t w i n fibnw ......................... .. ...i Sbiagle tuck......... . .. . Piper and siUkbMrd tt :<V.. . . CtmrMtlOfk. .. FIoaIs or iborti ( ; . . . . . flltrj......................... Fiber l3ttb + g-in. --!g, +!*> o-s-s-ra o-s-a-to D- 1.4"VJ 0-<M0-4- 0-0-5-IU I Prie i**ct. 1925). ' dullir* pcs abun too 400-450 250-300 110-173 70-110 100 30-75 35-41 fill 12 C-i Mil) fiber la (cited la a ttar*irJ n.acbio* eowiatio of three anted ibakinc icrceni. reepeetiveljr <-meb l l t ^ r . -n.ish IT<fi|t aad 10-ntcib 3 b m t , and a bottom boa S em a Iranea a a i boa are of oud. reetaocular. 1 I X M U X 3 la. deep. A 1-Ib. aacaple 1 placod a the top (eMSNMi aerceo aad tbo M t b cebaaieally ahakeo (or t o niaatea at 900 r p a O r m im a a i final underuse arc weighed la ouaeoa aad the eiib ti la order (roes coorat to l a i art reeorde-1. a ia tbe table. T lia 1 - H - l meant 2 oc. oa 2-mccb. os. oa t a r A . 4 oc os lO-ne*l. aad 2 oc. through 10*ab. Tbia is material fiaer tbaa any W tbo prate s e aad evataiaiag much doat aad dirt. Treatment of aabertoa-bearing rock involves many problem not prenent in ordinary concentrating practice. In the first pisce, as msy he seen by reference to Telile 11. the value of long filter is much greater than tbe value of the same materia) in shorter lengths, hence every endeavor ia made to pre vent fiber breakage. The valuable and gaague minerals arc not of sufficiently diffeient epeeiCr gravities to make them separable by gravity-concentration prorcMrf without r!>.v sizing, and the nature of the ositesto* aggregates |m-venla such pec|amttn As a result of these farts s system of treatment has evolved that colutila of coarse crushing, drying, screening, separating adusto* frum esser, eversile by euction, and subsequently separating eork -dust from theurkd-itp product by serening. This final screening is ar ranged to divide tlx aslwstus into market grades (etc Table 111. Crushing Art.. ASBESTOS 21 is carried down as far aa paerible in jaw and gyratory crushers because these machine* do the Iceat injury to fiber. Roll ere uniuiteble ns they mat together tbe fiber end amociated clayey material. In the fine-crushing section free fiber ie separated ahead of each cruher. Treatment differ* somewhat according to whether the ore is of the crcei-f.Ur variety or slip or mam-fiber rock. Ru Keyser (1(3 J 67 give* the |er.en.!irrd fiow-slieets shown in Fig. 1 and 3 to illustrate typical Canadian practice. threat experiment baa indicaud a food ponibiliiy thl coane fiber may b< by ii((lbS and fine fiber by labliaa. the fiber di.rbrin. irtr-p-etvt al apecifir fra*`IX. from Iba tailias outlet of Ibe rcpcetive machinr# Tbr pr::.;i;-v i: ` U>rJ la IM ia a> tbaf which act* io tbr prroeat aervenins practirr. ' . lh<- fi-rc a -rl- t* I . properly, the granular aialrrial work* to tbe bom,,:, ci a n..r . r e s nad ai..m warn .. it aulfirirat'.y a;t..ed to rive the parlirlc parti.: r.la'lv. r. yudy. do- * *" * ihl tbr rlouatrd aad oniewhat Muffy aiboatoa b n jr .i ov.r t*. .r.tr-rttiro. in llu man bile tbe STjouUr rock partirloa rater thru latrt.tic- and a - looard tbr boil at It furthrr riprrimtDt provrt w*S eprtion rttrriivr. milling S-1,1';* , hou'" hr .. . . proved. Dull aitb it* rvil rurcbaaleal and pbyio!ogira. eflerti il. br * ..V dryio will br confined to a im proportion ot the mill loon, and it ahoold be pmoinir to aubotitulr cylinder mill, tor tbr relatively IneS-irn! iurob-a. cycloan. and me uae. Typical slip-fiber asbestos mill. Fig. 1. Lorr'iV. Eatt Rrocf :'>r.. Qur . CaaadaOre- Cbf>*;l:{* iisi'.rp.atiLv ai*<>cated *ith t**. t t i-t* mtt koltt H 4m OTM^r. mt $ i.Jhi. Skmimr jf rTnmmtl, f h i i-* ri. hmlu -Ill J isr-c-'. t . <-* octurr:; Oftn 4 H ump cmn u * erndr (4) r fm* ppitct CmHmrtmW filer i-t g____ I fcr I 'OdJtt C:Utrf9r Jvm*b>f if.) ikjbinf-icnt* K-'tt a *fK Skakitq-sc'ttr t a r n a Ut Fm* ipdmct (tL C*t<tor w $kif-*crtt* tmtft ^ . (W f PwUmg crtfff {?) ` Qrtdtmq few* \/. r-- Ornmttn F ig I.--Typical alip-fiU*r miJ- o. Vtually sot or. Ib.o Id a s p arity Great dilficohi kiatrfUl tfifOupl* iti* ti Mt M t rvuu>( of Ir n n c At ' ** ) Iniurv C ase s: Abrams lead and copied to Richard F . Scruggs 1162 BAUPUNO Bee. .'I obtained in the m ahing maehinesy used. Taking lull sdvwnUgc of )|. reduction that a given rnoher can make may not always be feasible, u it . pomcr conaucnption may rue so high aa to prove more expensive than ao rxn enuhing and aampling operation. Cnsabars of jaw or gyratory type (tee Bee. 3) are used on coarse aiiea d. a to 1-ot ; volt l*cc Bee. 3) ate almost universally used from this . down to Ifrin.. BaapUng machinat. See Art. 7, 8 and 8. Flow of material ahoulil be cootinuoua and uniform, otherwise the *-: of n given aain|iler may take no material during one or more revolution' . this failure may he multiplied in auceeeding machines by synchirnwn. it may happen that two samplers will so synchronise for several rrvnluv i that the scoop of the fecund receive all a t the ample rut by first. .\nv r between these extreme* may occur, and in any nidi rase the correct pro) lion of material will red be taken and tbs anaiplc will be unrrprcsen'iC. The meant for avoiding such contingeneist are storage hoppers, clrvan mixing drums, or feeders with some storage capacity, placed between - . re vive sample cutters. Feeders are usually placed ahead of the rolls preceding a sampler; >1- not only spread material and retard its motion sufficiently to give a m on- stream, hut they feed the mils in a thin even stream, which aid' in ; venting uneven wear on roll shells. The feeders are usually of the si. .I . type. They should t< of -uthtient length to accor.plbh the necessity r*: 'on of material and tin ir slope should be low enough ao that the larger pe will not move fa-1 than the main a length of ti ft. ; lope not greater il 2 in. per ft. ear. ' the- requiriim-M- Arr.aUm i i r 1' f f t U'.J *t ( `nil t. M l IttZ) if fIios* * . 32. For other t!* fttd eri $ tt .v-r 2* Dram mixers * twtl the flrrai ' ciently to mala eontinuon., I"" ability t thoroughly i'u>e-t able, lin e ii. a. rides up the 'I. " slides lack, o o f- ' mill. tesial lolls th.wi. top of the line segregation rather than mixing is aecosnpliahcd. Longitudinal rile on inside of the shill counteract this tendency; without riba emirnc in <> dhuiiargcs mostly 1 one side and this causes uaevao wear on the roll rh-' Drum misers may In- either cylindrical or conical; a ribbed rylrmh miser is illustrated in Tig. -Ti. Drum mivent require more head pain 'I ahaking-plate feeder* and are mote expensive 10 construct. Either d- requires but a small amount of power (or operat*-- Cl'jfTOM SAMPLING MILLS 1103 Flexibility of plant i* dedrehlc when the sise or character of ore shipmcni' urie* widely. Ordinarily a plant is doignrd to handle shipments of a certain in*; if mailer hit. arrive it may be m-tv^iry to by~paw the fiM sampler in r-l- r not to cut too >n.&)l a sample. This can aometim be done by stopping ampler *o that all material passes through into the sample chute; otherw ise, Mui ilJe chutes should I* provided to accomplish the fame end. Allowance M ample variation may l< made by varying the fj*vd or cutler widths of ih* sample machines. Accessibility. AH p a r : r.f a sampling mill should he easily accessible for ! tiling and observation. Housings on crudung and ampling machines t-hnuld i> detachable and easilyremovable door# should be provided in nil boudng* : -t elevators, chute*. laui.ier*. etc. Chutes and launders should I f designed ill* minimum turn. Ibwx-rs and bin chould be i-*jilrui-tcil hi that no i*riol It tl.. .. ....... ........... Cleaning Unv*i; Vue* *?iv< M of <>ivists^-ntia) in urd r to avoid ailing lin.irily compru^ d air r.sd I p>U? an u*.:d for cleaning fin- mate-rial from liiucs and spout.; Boor* should lie swept and all material collected put li the lot just run through or so disposed of at to preclude contamination of ding lots. Dust losses. When ;.ir.p!;nc mill I.a* many c;*u windows and a strong l if Nosing, the dust lo* n.ay Is- o j^r cent. of the total lot. A# fine ' rial i# generally of btgbtr grade than cwr?e, serious losses u.ny thus occur. iIhr it i hard in beep gnd fidur in a dusty plant. W lsrr hand sampling m|il Awl. the on- i* frw|;. :?tlv damj* n*-d to keep down dust; this cause material to coat lb- l ire- r|*j*>i-nnd tl>uud$ in mixing. Wetting cau*f* ' rial to stick in autoni; *u *nmpl*r and i*. therefore, not |* m:is#ih|<`, in sampling inill* all -..o plii.p nia-liin*-ryand crude r h*jukl U*euclox d i'H*proof houdng* and .illhut** envi-n d and free from leak. If frv<|ucn! ' rvati<ut of moving part-* t ct. >.n:U do>r* that roi In readily m-d or covering* with rvtnvvuMv section should U prowled. 17. Custom sampling mills ilusc miU* mmple lot id 00- to determine tl -ir value for sale. The