Document qmO5OjbO9L91VRKVBp3n8zEV5

T A B L E 01. W E IG H T S A N D M E A S U R E M E N T S OF SEAM LESS BRASS A N D C O PPER T U B E . IR O N P IP E SIZES. R EG U LAR A N D E X T R A H E A V Y ron Pip e Sizes 1'I Regular Brass, weight per lineal foot.. .246 Copper, w eight per lineal foot. .259. Exact outside diam eter.... ..... .405 E xact inside diameter....;........ .281 Exact-thickness of^ w alls........ .064 Brass, theoretical safe w ork ing pressure. Factor safety s ix .............. :............ .......... v -- 1776 Copper, theoretical safe w ork ing pressure. Factor safety six....:........................................ 1332 In te rn a l area cross section..... .057 Thickness of walls a t bottom of thread...;............................. .036 Extra Heavy ' o rok> |/A*e>eoo OcAol* tO^ nco *tNOS coe0 " *t" ii : : : !: :; ico : 5Mt 1| : .L. ....... 8 IK " 36.94 38.84 9.625 8.937 .340 349 261 63.630 .236 OJ n o 2 2 i ;i x 00 too -- ooeo ' co ot c* f o liilS 1 ill ^ - ------ " cq iocio4cmcooo ttoo jo , * M. s k : ws. r- pNjOx*itAN * 5S : 1` *:. *:. i: {.: ii !.: <o i 22.51 31.32 23.67 32.93 ! 5.563 6.625 4.813 5.750 .375 .437 763 740 578 555 18.190 25.960 .267 .329 88 IK " IK " 300 281 19.990 28.890 .151 .172 400 375 18.44 19.39 6.625 6.125 .250 15.4 16.19 5.563 5.062 .250 to ,,gg a g g i-o88R i i" V X . gs10-* | ;S i IK " IK " .233 8 635 611 8.856 11.450 .213 8 991 604 846 814 16.41 17.25 4.500 3.818 .341 337 , 320 9.887 12.730 .118 f129 13.66 14.37 4.000 3.358 .321 518 461 449 427 12.29 12.93 4.500 4.000 .250 10.85 11.41 4.000 3.500 .250 678 6.569 .196 8 IK " Xw CO 18.407 11.24 8.839, 11.82 2.875 3.500 2.315 2.892 .280 .304 391 . 346 4.783 .7388 : .096 .109 8.314 8.741 3.600 3.062 .219 748 4.209 .172 18 } IX " 5.83 6.13 2.875 2.500 .183 (N "sUsIS 1 si I Igsssi | si 33 * C4 ' tOWNH C* .128 UK .070 X 1.900I I. 494 3.193 I . 900 .119 UK X K " K " 1" 1" 1302 1126 938 857 .452 .710 1.271 1.753 1739 1500 1250 1142 .157 .182 .194 .203 1.660 1.272 1.706 2.509 .346 4.191 2.632826 13.291 3.986 .059 .065 630 563 471 435 .533 .863 1.496 2.038 840 750 628 580 .114 .126 .146 .150 .822 1.062 1.368 1.600 2.689 1.660 .107 UK 1.235 1.740 2.557 3.037 1.315 .951 .096 14 1.050 .736 .052 , I1..29805011..832195 II. , .805 .847 .675 .421 .127 2508 1881 .139 .079 18 K" .612 .644 .675 .484 .096 1160 870 .192 .043 X . 2lls| I si s Ipss I Is F k X X X X .593 .624 .540 .294 .123 3401 2551 .068 .075 18 K" .437 .459 .540 .375 .083 1465 1102 .104 .040 .353 .371 .405 .205 .100 4442 3318 .033 ,068 27 K" Brass, w eight per lineal foot.. Co Ex pper, act o weigh utside tdipaermlienteera_l_f_o_o_t Exact inside diam eter............. E xact thickness of w alls...... Brass, theoretical safe w ork ing pressure. Factor safety six .--................................... . Copper, theoretical safe w ork ing pressure. Factor safety s ix ............................................ In te rn a l area cross section.... Thickness of w all at bottom of thread................................ N um ber o f threads per inch... A p p ro xim a te length of threads......................... ......... N ote-- W eights are in pounds, D iam eter and thickness in inches, Areas in square Inches. The safe w orking pressure is calculated o .n tUhi.cLkUn.ess of walls a t bnolttt/tomm ooif thread and indicates pounds per square inch internal pressure. FIRECLAY BRICK AND REFRACTORY CEMENTS IN BOILER SETTINGS FIRECLAY brick having melting points as low as 2750 deg. fahr. are used in the construction of boiler furnaces. For most purposes, however, it is necessary to employ brick of first quality refractoriness. Such brick should have the following characteristics: Fusion or Melting Point...............................Cone 31 to 34 (3182 to 3290 deg. fahr.) End Cold Crushing Strength...................... 500 to 2500 lb. per sq. in. depending upon the burn and process of manufacture. Porosity................................. ......................... ,15 to 30 per cent. Mean Thermal Conductivity from 0-1000 deg. cent...............0025 calories per second, per sq..cm., per deg. cent., difference in temperature on two parallel faces of a'l centi meter cube.. The mean conductivities at any two temperatures equals .0020-f,0000011 (t.i+ti) where t.i and t, are the temperatures in deg. cent. Thermal Expan sion........0.000008 per deg. cent. Chemical Composition:. Silica............................ 50.0 to 65.0per cent Alumina...................... :30.0 to 45.0 " " Iron Oxide.................. 1.5 to 3.5 11 " Titania................................. 1.5 to 3.5 " " Lime.......... ...... 0.1 to 0.5 " " Magnesia........ .................... 0.1 to 0.5 " " Soda and Potash.............. 0.5 to 1.5 " " The service obtained from first quality fireclay brick depends upon the design of the furnace, the operating conditions, and the type of firebrick used. The most satisfactory design is one in which the brick in the hottest part of the furnace are not subjected to a soaking heat. When one face of each brick is relatively cool, this brick is less liable to squeeze out of shape and allow the brickwork to settle. Likewise when the heating surface is small in comparison with the radiating surface the service obtained from the refractories is most satisfactory. Special shapes should be used only in cases of absolute necessity. They are more expensive, less uniform, and less readily available. A skillful brick mason can construct practically any kind of a furnace out of standard brick of the 9 in. series. When furnaces are operated under a slight pressure the life of the refractories is considerably less than where there is a draft. This is due to the "soaking" effect that is more pronounced when the furnace is operated under pressure. There is an opportunity for increasing the life of most furnaces by the proper selection of the brick. Those which are laid in the sidewalls are subjected to the action of the clinker; they are chipped and broken by the slice bar. Dense well burned brick are best suited to meet these condi tions. The lighter burned brick are best suited to resist temperature Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide 1923 by R. M. Howe, Pittsburgh, Pa. 123