Document qm57gQg9pEj97DBYpOR2G9Lm5

/ t FACTSINDUSTRIAL KrcKN FOUNOATlOH Vol. 3. September, 1941 Foundation Fact* it a monthly ntwa>lettr itaucd v to InduttHal concerns holding . mtmberthio In Induttrial Hygiono Foundation. Tht Foundation it a combined rtttarch and torviee inatitution ^ . to protect the health of worker# in industry. || ts oa No. 9. '1 Stressing tho theme, "Defend 'the Defense Worker!" the sixth annual meeting of Industrial Hygiene Foundation (formerly Air Hygiene Foundation) will be held at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, on Wednesday and Thursday, Nov. 12-13. Latest progress in health protection of workers will "pass in review." The Medical Section includes the first report on findings from the Founda tion's study of Sick Absenteeism in Industry. This study was started on January 1st of this year with the collaboration of the U,S. Public Health Service and the Ameri can Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons. A number of representative companies affiliated with the Foundation have been keeping records of their sick absences. The experience of those companies is being analyzed by Dr. W.M. Gafafer, Senior Statistician, U.S. Public Health Servico. Andrew Fletcher, Vice President and Treasurer, St. Joseph Lead Company, will make an economic analysis of the data. Other program highlights: The Role of Baployee Health in Industrial Relations Health Protection for Top Supervisors Experimental Work on the Use of Aluminum to Combat Silicosis Trends Toward Compensation of Tuberculosis as an Industrial Disease Employability of the Physically Handicapped Impact of Chemical Priorities on Industry A Safe Substitute for Mercury in Certain Industries <: : Protection of Workers in Wartime, (ventilation of blackout plants, etc.) Aggravation of Old Hazards and Possible Now Ones Under Emergency Conditions Large X-Ray Film, Paper, Miniature Films -- Which Should be Used for Chest Surveys in Industry? ; Findings from a Major Study of Fatigue Findings from Industrial Hygiene Surveys of 30 Munitions Plants The Foundation's Medical and Engineering Committees, headed by Dr. A. J. Lanza and Prof. Philip Drinker, will report latest developments and trends in indus trial health, together with findings from the Foundation* s medical and engineering researches. Prof. T. F. Hatch of Penn will report on the Foundation's study of ex isting exhaust systems. Administration of the Mine Inspection Act will be discussed with questions and answers. The Legal Committee vail analyze occupational disease laws, court decisions and ponding state and federal legislation. Further details will be sent to members shortly. Meanwhile, plan to grant this program your bes.t personal priority! -- November 12 and 13. 03118079 INOUSTP1AU MVaiCN.e ('OUNOATION AAOO FIFTH AVINUt BirrsBuPSH. fa. HttBB-0007412 September, 1941. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Fa. DIGEST OF INDUSTRIAL HTCI2NB Literature--News--Developments News I tens 696 American Conference on Industrial Health Meets November s and 6. Under the auspices of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons the American Conference on Industrial Health will hold its Second Annual Meeting on November 5 and 6, at Chicago Towers, Chicago. The opening session will be a symposium on the technical problems of industrial health on the basis that health supervision in industry involves great principles* (1) the adjustment of the working environment to tho employee; and (2) the ad justment of the employee to tbs working environment, including also the hrw environment. The technical problems arc the result of the application of these principles, and run the who^e gamut of public health as applied to industry* The afternoon session will be a symposii on the economics of Industrial health, including: (1) organization and cost of a health service, and (2) dis cussion on the value of industrial hoalth service to the employer, the caployco and the public. The morning of the second day will be given over to a symposium on the social implications of industrial health, discussing bow far an Indus trial health service should go; arc hospital and medical care plans related to industrial health service in any practical way; does legislation play a pert in this problem; and the evaluation of labor turnover, spoilage, and lack of train ed men, together with the experiences of management and the interests of insur ance carriers in the medical and social problems presented. 697 Special Course in Industrial Hygiene Offorod at University of Pennsylvania. In order to provide trained industrial hygienists to meet the needs of oxpanding health and safety services in the defense industries, the University of Pennsyl vania offers a course of Instruction, of twelve weeks duration, in Industrial Hygiene. The course will be given under tho auspices of the Engineering* Science and Management Defense Training Program of the U.S. Office of Education and is open to graduates In engineering, chemistry or allied sciences. Subjects covered in the course include: Principles of industrial hygiene, industrial hygiene laboratory methods, industrial ventilation, safety engineer ing, administration of industrial health services, industrial psychology and statistical methods. Presentation of the course is contingent upon the en rollment of a satisfactory number of students, {which will run from October 27, 1341 to January 17, 1942). Applications for admission to the course should be addressed to: Thoodorc Hatch, Associate Professor of Industrial Hygiene, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 03118080 ;iU D ^'3 HMBB-0007M3 ,v^> <c - Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 2. Legal Developments 698 Inhalation of Vaporised Le:id Paint. Lead Poisoning, Accidental Injury. Respondent worked half a day with petitioner on July 28, 1940, and experienced some discomfort and requested a respirator which the petitioner furnished but which by reason of its age and condition, was only partially effective. Respond ent worked the following day and skipped a day on account of lack of paint and then worked three days more with lead paint and two days with aluminum paint which had no lead content. The respondent testified that he began to have stomach cramps end muscular pains on the third day but that he thought that his difficulty was duo to the confined space in which he was working and the intenso heat. Respondent returned to his tome July 31st and his condition became such as to require medical attention. An injury to an employee engaged in a hazardous employment in consequence of exposure to and inhalation of vaporized lead paint discharged by pressure spray gun over a short period of time which results in acute load poisoning is sufficiently certain and definito in point of time to constitute an accidental injury. Award of compensation for tem porary disability sustained. C,. Howard & Co. ot al. v. McKay et al. Okla. Supreme Ct. Decided Septembers, 1941. (CCH). 699 Eye Burn Resulting From Exposure to Arc-Liflht Flashes. "Accident" Within the Meaning of the Act. Time of Occurrence of the Accident. This controversy involves a claim for compensation for an eye burn, "conjuncti vitis," resulting from exposure to arc-light flashes while the employee was? working near some welders. The Industrial Comission found in favor of the * claimant and awarded compensation. No permanent disability is involved, the matters presented boing the happening of an accidont, and the question as to which of two insurance carriers is liable should it be judicially dstaninsd that the employee sustained a compensable accidental Injury within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act. It is undisputed that the Groat American Indemnity Company, plaintiff in error, was the insurer of the employer for this hazard until noon, May ll, 1940. The company denies liability after this date, and asserts that the State Compensation Insurance Fund became the carrier of the risk. The Industrial Commission found that the accident occurred Hay 10, 1940. The points urged as requiring reversal are that there was no accident within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act; if there was an accident the dis ability did not extend over ten days; the accidont occurred some time after noon May 11, 1940, at which time plaintiff in error was not the carrier of the risk. Counsel for the indemnity company first contend for nonliability, in that claimant suffered from an occupational disease rather than an accident. If claimant had been working as a welder there perhaps would be some basis for tho contention advanced. He was engaged in doing general work; nor was this injury, under the circuastances, to be expected in the usual course of events* There Is ample testimony to support tho finding that the disability was conpenaablo fren June 5 to July 3, 1940. Thcro is no dispute that tho injury for which tho em ployees sought compensation was present May 10. The commission was warranted, as a reasonable inference thcrofrom, in finding that claimant's eye condition resulted from an exposure to flashes incident to welding operations on that date, or within a reasonable tine prior thereto. Tho jud^ient is affined. Great American Indemnity Co, v. State Compensation Insurance Fund et al. Colo Supreme Ct. Decided September 2, 1941. {CCHV. ' --Annual Meeting -- Nov. 12 and 13-- 03118081 r HUBB-HOfrAl'i Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. 700 Death of State Highway Department Bnriloyee from Lobar Pneumonia. Question Whether Death was Approximately Caused by the Employment. McKinnon, while an employee of tho North Dakota state highly department as an engineer, died from lobar pneumonia. The plaintiff, his wife, applied to the bureau for compensation. From judgaent for the plaintiff, defendant appeals. The deceased worked in snow prevention work. The deceased had a cold for sometime. He drove in an automobile to his home, a distance of approximately one hundred miles. The following day, the doctor diagnosed his case as pneumon ia. The sole question tere is whether the plaintiff has shown the lobar pneumonia was "approximately caused by the employment." In the cese at bar, there was nothing unusual in the work of tho deceased. Just when he was inocu lated by the germ nc one could toll. The Workmen*s Compensation Act does not cover diseases contracted by an employee outside of his employment; and whore compensation is sought on the theory that tho death of the employee was caused by disease, it must be shown that the disease was approximately caused by tho employment. VJhere the alleged origin of such disease is purely speculative and the disease may equally well have been caused by factors unconnected with the employment, the burden of proof has not been sustained, and no compensation can be allowed. The plaintiff has failed to show that the disease from which the worker died was approximately caused by his employment. Judgment reversed. McKinnon v. 1T.D. Workmen's Compensation Bureau. N.D, Supreme Ct. Decided i August le, 1941. {CCH). I 7C1 Silicosis. Poor Ventilation in Mine. Insufficient Eouimont. OcCTiu>t^Ml! Disease. These ore appeals by Howard, Connell, Johnson, Stevens, Vclght end Vllllemm from orders, respectively, of tho Iudustrial Accident Soard denying compensation. All six worked in the defonaant company* a Mayflower Mine and subsequently sought workmen* s compensation for silicosis suffered by reason of thoir employment prior to June 1933. Tho six cases wore consolidated for trial. The rocord presents one question, is the disease suffered, silicosis, an occupational dis ease, that is to say, one which inheres in the particular employment, which eon not be prevonted by reasonable means? Tho evidence is undisputed, and the board found that blasting operations in defendant's quartz mine woro generally carried on just before the close of each work shift; that blasting operations created much dust and smoke and fumes; that thore was always more or less silica laden dust in the air in tho vicinity whore drilling operations and blasting were carried on; that after the spring of 1936 the underground maployees of the com pany ate thoir lunch at the various station levels by the shaft. Here it is un disputed tho Mayflower Mine w3 not provided with any mechanical ventilation whatever after May, 1936; that the company did not install exhaust pusps or fil ters of any type; that in the absence of mechanical ventilation it did not pro vide masks for its underground workers, notwithstanding the fact that the air way was partially blocks! and the natural circulation theroby impaired. The company provided wet drilling equipment, but that, as the record indisputably shows, was, in end of itsolf wholly insufficient to protect the workers from silicosis. . As to tho law in effect when the disease was contracted, whether the contraction of silicosis shall, or shall not, be deesnod to be accidental depends "on tho particular circuastances of the case and accidental feature*, or the absence thereof." There was accidental injury hero. Silicosis is in. large part preventable by one device cr another. Claimant is dearly and unquestion ably entitled tc recover compensation. Tho causes are remanded, with directions to tho Board to award compensation in accordance with the grade of disability it found claimants suffered. Howard v. Texas Owyheo Mining Develomont Co. Idaho Supreme Ct. Dccidod July 17, 1941. (CCH). r HUBB~0007<i 1`j Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4. 702 Silicosis* Recovery of Comaon-Iaw Liability for Negligence, AttBnt to Recover z-'?' from Insurance Carrier. No Accident* '/ It appears that the plaintiff, before the institution of the suit at bar, had secured a jud^aont against his former employer, the National Iron Company, for damages on aocount of having contracted silicosis by roason of the negligence of the employer in its failure to obey and comply with certain statutes of the .1 State of Minnesota designed for the safety and well-being of employees in cer tain typos of industry. Tho plaintiff alleges hie inability to collect his said judgaent from his former employer, and brings this suit against the insurer. The defendant, on the other hand, contends that said policies only cover liability for injuries sustained by accident, end that plaintiff's condition was caused by disease. There are raised by tho pleadings but two questions for the Court to determine on this motion: first, whether the policies cover liability for all injuries or only those sustained by accident, and, second, was plaintiff's injury sustained by accident. In tho case of Golden v. Lercb Bros. Inc., the facts are almost identical with those of thi3 case. The Court in the Golden case said: "The recovery of Golden against his employers was not under tho compensation law. It was exclusively on their cannon-law liability for negligence. That tort functioned harmfully, not through or because of accident, but rather and exclusively by Insidious and chronic disease, in ths causation of which there was no accident." The Minnesota Supreme Court hAa determined the precise questions raised here, contrary to tho contentions of the plaintiff Tho motion of the defendant is granted. Schuman v. Liberty Isa. Cm. U. S. Diet. Ct., Dist. of Minn. Decided August 25, 1941. (CCH). T 703 Occupational Diseases. Workmen's Compensation Law Supplement, Hew York StCfte Department of Labor, p. 14, 1940 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. A mechanic who tested a large number of automobile motors each day in an ill-ventilated room became blind as a result of optic neuritis. The Industrial Board found that the blindness resulted from exposure to toxic amounts of CO from running motors and that the claimant* s condition was an occupational disease covered by this paragraph. The finding was affirmed. "Any and All Occupational Diseases." The following diseases were hold compens able under this paragraph: Arthritis, trauaatic, of the wrist, suffered bp a presser who used a 12 lb. iron, tra\matization being caused by the repeated pressure involved. Award was based on the proportionate loss of the use of the hand. Bronchial asthma, suffered by an automobile spray painter. Bronchitis complicated with asthma contracted by a tunnel worker. Bell's palsy suffered by the driver of an open truck and attributed to exposure to drafts, cold and wind, necessitated by his employment, Dupuytren's contrac tion sustained by a marble polisher required to tighten and loosen clemps, 704 Slight Deviation from Duty. Annotations, p. 29, Woiioaen's Compensation Law, South Dakota, 1941. Not every slight deviation from an employe's duty will deprlvo him or his depend ents of their right tc compensation under the Workmen' a Compensation Law, There is a distinction between negligently doing an authorized act and doing an un authorized act cr one beyond the employe's job. The first doos not deprive the employe of his right to compensation whereas the latter does. If the injury or risk of injury is incidental to employment, the right to compensation follows, (Stratton v. Interstate Fruit Co., 47 S. D. 452, 199 N.W. 117). ---Remember the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-r- 03118083 r H tfd ii-flfio /'i 16 "i / ,0 C = Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 5. 705 Disease: "Injury by Accident." Annotations, p. 26, Workmen's Compensation Law. South Dakota, 1941. Encephalitis, causing sudden collapse of a district manager after unusual exer tion, exposure end exhaustion, wae hold to constitute "injury by accident." (Hanzlik v. Interstate Power Co. 67 S.D. 289 N.W. 589). NOTE: It has been called to our attention by one of our member companies that in itma #427, June, 1941 issue of the Digest, relating to the recent enactment in the State of Washington of Chapter 235, 1941, the wording is so framed as to be apt to give the erroneous impression that such act did not repeal the schedule of occupational diseases previously contained in the law (Sec. 7679-1 of Remington's Revised Statutes) and consequently that such schedule is still part of the law, whereas such act of 1941 expressly amended said Sec. 7679-1 of Remington's Re vised Statutes to read as correctly quoted in the first paragraph of item #427 in the Digest, with the consequence, according to all rules of construction, that the said schedule is no longer law. Compensation Is now payable in Washington for any "such diseaso or infection as arises naturally and proximately out of extra-hazardous employment" this tens being elsewhere defined in the statute. PaEor^jj^ust^jos^^iiid^GcngraJM^ndustri^I^EBi^S* 706 Prevention of Silicosis. Jootten. Alutfj&au 22 , 575-578 , 579, (November, 1940). Discussion of the use of metallic alminum In the prevention of silicosis, tx- cerpts are givon from the report in the Roichsarb6itblatt (vol. 20, No. 26,1940), An exxensive bibliography is given. 707 Mlneralogical Examination of the Silicosis Question. H.J. Hclmers and H.Udluft, Jahrbuch d. Prcuss. Oool. Landesanstalt, Berlin, 59, 727-754, (1939). (Geiman). Sericite, kaolin and feldspar were the most important substances found In tbs lung cf a silicotic miner. There was no quartz. However, the wash liquor con tained an important quantity of colloidal silicic acid. The authors think that the pH is most important in dissolving the silica in the tissues and so, corres pondingly, it plays an important part in deteimining the course of the disease. The dissolved substances correspond to the physico-chemical reaction of the dust particles and the fluids of the body, either eliminated without baxm or produc ing callosities by precipitating out from silicic acid. 708 Structural Examination by Roontgen Rays of Pneumoconlotlc Lungs of Porcelain Workers. Part 4, H. Gartner. Arch, f, Gewcrbepath., 10. 151-163 (1940). ( Gcmnn). Roontgen and chemical findings are presented of the dust seen in the lunge of 10 porcelain workers and 1 fluorite worker. Kaolin and quartz lines wbt seen, aid In every case in which dust was found, quartz was also shown by chemical analysis. The author states "....in tho diagram, interference rings of kaolin were to be found preponderantly or even alone," and further that "therefore It is obvious to say that tho sillimanite and kaolin may give silicosis without essential admixture of quartz." 709 The Question of Serial Examinations of Workers Exposed to Duet, by Means of Min iature Roentgenograms. E. Saupe. Arch. f. Gcworbcnath.. 10. 93-96 (1940). (Gcir.an). It is possible tc examino many men in a short time with miniature film -- the size most frequently used is 24 sq.mm. (0.95 sq.in.). Second stage silicosis is easily seen with certainty r.nd first stage can usually bo recognized if the technic is perfect. The method must be improved 'and should bo follwed by large films in suspicious cases. 03118084 IT Digest of Industrial Hygiene * 6. 710 SilicliM, Silicates, Silicosis. W. Gieae. Klin. Wchnschr. 19_, 558-560 (1940), (German). Rabbits were injected intravenously with finely ground silicate dusts: clay, feldspar, serlcite. Deposits of the dust were found in the spleon, liver and lymph glands but no increase in fibrous tissue. Opal {amorphous silicic acid) was also injected and the results were large deposits of dust with many giant -T cells, but no fibrous tissue. Opal is more soluble than quartz; therefore, the conclusion is made that the dissolved silicic acid is not the fibrous-producing - substance alone. Quartz is the only substance producing silicosis. Dust taken from markedly silicotic iungs was also injected, and this again produced silico sis. A decrease in the amount of the injected dust could not be found. The author was ablo to show the formation of a covoring, characteristic of asbostosis bodies, by feldspar, scricite and also opal, but in the smallest particles only, in the cellules. He concludes that dissolved silicic acid but not tho quartz may produce this covering. Quartz shows no morphologically demonstrable appearance of dissolution; in tho tissue the dust depositod in callosities re tains its fibrous producing effect. 711 Pulmonary Cancer Produced by Asbestos Dust in Experimental Animals. M. Nortaann and A. Sorge. Zeitschr. T.Krobsforsch., 51, 168-182 (1941). (German). Experimental work with mice inhaling asbestos duet over a period of from 47 to 90 days for 3-1/2 to 5 hours a day produced asbestosis bodies and pmouncod Ne groes of diffuse fibrosis after the 20th week. Proliferation of the bronchAl epithelium was found, such hyperplasia encroaching on n-ighborlng alveoli. This was followed by a metaplasia to pavement epithelium with cornification, which later seemed to be a transition to malignant neoplasm. The first well-developed carcinoma was found after 240 days. By this time only 10 of the aiee bed sur vived and 2 carcinomas were found among them. In the first series, 33 of 50 mice lived longer than 6 weeks; 14 showed abnormal growth of the epithelium, 5 metaplasia and cancer. In the second series, 28 (of 50) lived more than 6 weeks; 16 showed abnormal growth, 5 metaplasia and comifylng cancer. 712 A Case of Pulmonary Asbestosis Accompanied by Tuberculosis. H. Hannesson* Tubercle. 22, 40-44 (February. 1941). During the period 1933-1939 inclusive, there were 90 kxttwn deaths from asbestosis in Great Britain, of which 32 wero associated with tuberculosis. This reports the case of 44 year old man who had been an asbestos blower, supplying the mater ial to a cleaning machine. Although supplied with a respirator, he had never worn it. & was thin, had a high temperature, emphysema, and bilateral crepita tions over wide areas. Clubbing of the fingers was marked and the sputta con tained both asbestosis bodies and tubercle bacilli. The roentgenogram showed "widespread progressive nodular tuberculous infiltration with cavitation in all zones of the right lung fields and In the upper and mld-2onos of the left lung fields.*.. ` The right dome of the diaphragm was elovated. There was no radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis." A diagnosis of asbestosis and tuberculosis was made. The patient died within a month of spontaneous pnetmothorax. Pulmon ary findings showed both to have extensive flbro-caseous tuberculosis with cavi tation; nacroscopically they wore like those of pure tuberculosis. Microscopic ally there was revealed eaeoous tubereukosie vith assy tubercle bacilli and typical reticular fibrosis of asbestosis with thickened pleura. There la a dis cussion of the diagnosis of the pure and complicated disease. --Foundation1s Sixth Annual Meeting: Pittsburgh, Nov. 12-13--- 03118085 Hh68-0G 07*u 8 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 7. 713 The Lungs of Coal Miners in New South Wales. Chernies! Analysis and Pathslogy. C. Badham and H.B. Taylor. Studies in Ind. Hyg., No. 20. Report for year ended December 31st, 1939. Health Dept., New South Wales. A report of findings in a study of the lungs of 30 minors and other workers in the mines of New South Wales. A briof case report is given for each individual, including occupational history, gross and microscopic pathology in the lung, cardiovascular and other complications, and chemical analysis of the lung. The findings are tabulated but analysis of the data is postponed for a later mono* graph. The authors state their views as to the fomation of coal dust nodules, which they regard as "taking origin at the same site as the early silicotic nodule, but owing to their more diffuse nature, they early surround and include the terminations of respiratory bronchioles." They raise the question as to how far this reaction is due to the inert dust and how far to the. nail amount of free silica which accompanies it. They also believe "that very little of the dust breathed finds its way into the interstitial tissue of the lungs, and that very little of the relatively insoluble dust is eliminated by solution or by the 53 lymphatics." 714 "Miners Lung" (Pncxmoccnio3is, Silicosis, Anthracosls). An Analysis of 227 Caaos. /S=J\ C.C*3ill3 Military Sarcoon, 88, 264-888 (1941) * Cases of pnoisaoconiosis have been collected from the records and x-rays of a large Veterans' hospital for tuberculosis. Of the total 227 cases, 142 aro con sidered as 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage pneumoconiosis, 54 as 1st, 2nd end 3rd stage pneumoconiosis with tuberculosis and a final group of 31 cases on which autofray was performed. These seven categories aro divided according to age group and to years spent in mining. In all cases of simple pneumoconiosis, sputim samples were consistently negative. X-rays of one patient with 3rd stage pnewoonloelt were taken over a period of 9 years with no progression visible on the plate, although the symptoms increased in severity. A large rnaber of the men had had comparatively short exposures, although one was as long as 46 years. Of the 31 autopsies, 21 showed no tuberculosis and the cause of death in most or all of these was a disease other than pneuaoconiosis. Three cases diagnosed ae pneumo coniosis showed no silicosis at autopsy. There is a discussion of diagnosis. 715 Study of Dust Conditions In the Tri-State Mining District of Oklahoma. Kansas and Missouri. C.C. Dills. Am. J. Pub. Health, 51^, pp. 619-629 (June, 194l). A study of surface and underground dust conditions in the Plcher District has been in progress for 8 months. 1366 surface dust samples were token at 11 sta tions. The worst average dust concentration in the area was found to bs 3.3 million particles, and the average for all counts was 1 million per cu. ft. Con trol stations outside the field gave an average count of 0.33 million partlclos. Medical studies aro still being conducted so that safe limits can be set. Dust conditions in mines that had a routine sampling semes were found to be better than in mines without this service. The average dust oount for drillers in tho latter was 6.6 million particles, compared with 1.6 million for the foxmer mince. The average dust counts for shovelera were 4.3 end 2.7 for mines without and with sampling services. Collaring holes dry was foiad to be the worst source of dust. Dust control measures include wetting muck piles, mark ing faces and haulage ways, spraying headings and drifts and mechanical loaders, shooting off shift, collaring holos wet, and ventilation. Dust sampling in con fined places has indicated that whore these dust control devices ere applied pro perly, dust concentrations can be maintained below 5 million particles. Discussion: Similar results were found in 10 mines in Oklahoma. Lower counts wero seen in mines with routine dust sampling than in mines without. Double shift operations increase the dust problem by keoplng the dust from settling. 03118086 f H8B-000/<19 0 % 0 -0 <C : Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 8. 716 Control of Tuberculosis and th 'ftupiWynent of a Tuberculous Individual in Indus try, W. A. Sawyer. Ind, Med.. 10. 221.226 (June. 19417. " 1. Industrial medicine is primarily directed toward the discovery of incipient disease. 2. An example of this is the detection and control of tuberculosis amongst the employes of the Eastman Kodak Company where the incidence has been reduced since 1921 from 2.3 per 1,000 to 0.2 per 1,000 in 1940. 3. A program of routine serial or annual stereoroentgenograms was made an estab- lished procedure in 1928. . An accurate and active follow-up technic is a basic requirement for the success of any effort to curb tuberculosis. 5. In a study of the cost of tuberculosis among 100 of those employes, average age 31 years, the average time lost from work per case was 595 working days or 2 years and 15 v/eeks. The total cost for these 100 casos was $406,162 or an average per case of $4,062. Private agencies bore approximately 8056 of the cost, while public agencies (tax-supported) bore approximately 20$. 6. Rehabilitation of the worker after convalescence must be considered if the gains of treatment are to be maintained. 7. A survey of 219 industrial organizations by E. A. Hochhauser revealed the fact that 203 employers re-employed workers with arrested tuberculosis. 8. The following factors must he taken into account in any consideration of the employment of an arrested case of tuberculosis: (a) The extent of the lesion; (b) The completeness of the cure; f (c) The character of the job; 9 (d.) The necessity for adequate medical supervision after return to world. 9. It would seem safe to say that the employing of an arrested case of tubarculosi3 on the proper job is not too great a risk* provided sueh individuals are under adequate medical supervision. 10. Discovering and arresting tuberculosis is only successful If we make it possible for the individual to once again become a wage earner. 717 Infection by Tuberculosis in Working Places. Obligation of the Mansaer to Pre vent the Danger of Infection of Workers. Ztschr. f. artz. forthlid.. 37. 707- 708 (1940).' (German). The courts recognize the claim for compensation in cases where one worker con tracts tuberculosis from another worker in the factory. The supreme court stressed that the plaintiff need not prove the facts very strictly if there is a question of the managers having violated his duty of protecting the workmans* health. It is sufficient to prove that there were irregular and dangerous con ditions. 718 Report of a Study of the Granite, Mica, Feldspar and foundry Industries in Hew Hampshire. F.J. Vlntlsner and others. N.H. State Board of Hoelthi Concord, N.H. pp. 72 (Fobrunry, 1941). More of a treatise on general subject of dust control than a statement of tha findings in a detailed study. Illustrates the difficulty of prosontlng a repre sentative picture of working conditions is an industry, when conditions vary considerably from plant to plant. 719 Expert Opinion About Pneumoconiosis (Silicosis). E. Gaubatz. Beitr. z. Klin, d. Tuberc.,95, 286-311 (1940)". (German). Only "serious" silicosis is compensated in Geimany. New connective tissue forma tion in the lungs must diminish respiratory capacity and affect the circulation so that there Is a considerable decrease in bodily efficiency. Tha author has examined respiratory and cardiovascular function in 300 sillootlcs In the past five years. Thirteen cases and their conclusions are referred to in detail* 03118087 r HB6-0007*?0 A ,--1 '>dz- a ^p\ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 9. 720 Silicosis and Silico-Tuberculoels. H Critical Examination of Roentgenograms. Differential Diagnosis Between Silicosis and Other Pulmonary Diseases, S.Gaubet2. Dtach. Tuberk.-Bl., 15, 32-40 (1941). (German). A presentation of good description and reproductions of x-ray films of silicosis at different stages. Discussions of differential diagnosis are given,' illustrat ing the differences in films of silicosis, tuberculosis, miliary tuberculosis, cardiac lung, and carcinoma. 721 Subcutaneous Injections of Oxygen in Thorapy of Lesions of Respiratory Grams Caused by Irritating Oases. l7Y. Sosnovik. Sovetsk. Mod. No'. 19 p. 22. (1940). (Russian). A report of 51 cases of toxic bronchitis, bronchiolitis and broncho pneumonia caused by irritant gases and treated with subcutaneous injections of oxygen. Among the irritants were nitric acid, phosgene, chlorine and chlorpicrin. Subcutanoous oxygen was introduced in amounts varying from the initial dose of 200 cc. to 1000 cc. every other day; in cases of pneimonia and broncho pneisaonia 1000 cc. was injected daily. There was an lmediate improvement subjectively, followed by diminution of cough, the sensation of tightness in the chest, dysp nea and the amount of sput\&. It is also of value as a supplementary measure in the treatment of acuto and subacute bronchitis caused by irritating gases. 722 Disabling Sickness Among 2,000 White Male Glass Workers. W.M. Gefafer. Public Health Reports, 56, 1791-1799 (September 5, 1941.} - This report deals with sickness and non-industrial injuries causing disability lasting 8 calendar days or longer among approximately 2,000 white male workers in the glass industry during the 5 years, 1930-34. The frequency of dlafclllty by broad diagnosis groups compares favorably with that experienced by 190*000 male industrial workers. The nutter of days of disability because of rbsunatie diseases was over 50# greater than the number accounted for by influenza and grippe. Grinders, outside workers, and finishers experienced frequency, dis ability, and severity rates veil above the average for the entire groups of workers. It is of interest to obsorve that the outside workers chow all three indexes to be relatively high for either the respiratory or the non-respiratory diseases. Finishers, on the other hand, show indexes below the averege for the entire group of workers with respect to respiratory diseases but above the aver age for the non-respiratory diseases. Grinders yield indexes above the average with respect to non-respiratory diseases, and while this occupational group ex perienced a low frequency of respiratory diseases the disability and severity rates were above the average for the entire group of workers. Batch aixers, furnace and casting workers, show a relatively low frequency of respiratory dis eases but a long averege duration of casos. 723 patching the Dust from s Min . o.C. Ralston and J.E* Conley* U.S* Bureau of Hines, Report of Investigations 3536 (1941)* A dust catcher designed for use with a banner mill is described and illustrated. This type of mill probably exceods all other types of crushers in the quantity of dust released into the surrounding air. This arises frea the fact that the action of a hammer mill Is closely analagous to that of a fan or blower* This emission of dust around a hammer mill is checked by moans of a bag onelosed wittv in a closed supporting frame that is provided with a flap door to pezsit the placing of a container to catch the crushed material. A pipe directs tha air current from the top of the frame to a large can that contains the bag. This bag, in turn, rests in a wire net. The wire net is enough saaller than the can so that a 2-in. annular ring remains around the net. This detail prevents the suction of the blower from sealing the bag against tho wall of the can* About 99 per cent of'the dust is caught by this bag, and another bag - on the blow^ or - finishes the job. 03118088 W /Ts\ a % Li Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 10. 724 Public Opinion Demands Removal of Dust froa Cement Plants. Anonymous. Concrete (Cement Mill Ed.) 49, 214-216 (August, 1941). A discussion of the various modern types of dust control equipment availabe for cement mill installation. According to the author, a "well-known cement plant superintendent," ...."The public demands the discontinuance of dusty conditions within a cement plant, and in the atmosphere around a cement plant If it happens to bo located in or near a city or town* or in a rich farming community." He has seen this public attitude developing and growing all through his 25 years of experience in cement manufacturing operations. 725 Ignoranco is no Excuse. L.R. Bloomenthal. Heating, Piping and Air Coad., 13. 564-566 (September, 1941). With prolonged hours of operation and a constant influx of new workers, due to the demands of the defense program and the general rise in business activity, industrial health hazards are likely to increase, particularly in those plants where gases, dusts and fumes result from manufacturing processes. The author, an attorney, cites a number of specific cases which have come up in various states in this brief review of the subject. His selection of the material brings out a nuaber of the legal principles involved. 726 Resolutions of the German Commission on Protective Devices Against Duet. Arbeitsschutz. p. 407 (1941). (German). Protective devices were tested by the committee for the dust protection of As insurance associations. The results on 13 devices, together with descriptions and Illustrations, are given. 727 Roentgen Findings of the Lungs in Mycosis Fungoides. J. Werth. Arch. f. Dea. u. Syph.. 131. 299-314 "(1940). (German). The appearance of the x-rays in these cases sea like silicotic lungs with "more fibrosis than usual" and "coarsely mottlod." The disease begins in the lungs with a characteristic enlargement of th hilus, spreading out along the vessels to give a picture of increased fibrosis. 718 Hydrogen Phosphide Poisoning. I. Animal Experiments on Acute and Subaoute Poison ing. V*. Muller, Arch, exptl. Path. Phaimakol." 19ir. 184-193 (1940) . (Oaman) In atmospheres containing 1:400*000 or more of hydrogen phosphido rabbits were injured or killed by p&onged exposure. The intoxication is emulative and the pro&iosis is unfavorable. All important organs are congested* The worst dingo is suffered by the respiratory tract, liver and kidneys. 729 occupational Dangers from Hydrogen Sulfide. G. Rodenacker. Med. Klin., 37. 215-217 (1941). (GemenH A discussion of the different health hazards of hydrogen sulfide -- acute poison ing, conjunctivitis, etc* There are reports of interesting cases, the historical background of this industrial disease, and a discussion of theory. 730 Order of the (German) Minister of Labor Regarding the Protection of Spray Paint ers, March"6, 1940. Reichsgosundhcitsbl.. 15. 383-384 Tl940). The terms of reference of the insurance association for fino mechanical and electric technics for producing fresh air apparatus for spray painting aro pub lished. Spraying largo piecos and standing inside the spray booth, the paintor can be protected only by supplied-air apparatus. This must fulfil tho following requirements, among others: Compressed air supplied to tho workers from the main factory source must be cleaned of oil vapors by activated charcoal filters; the compressed air must be delivered in a single lino to the worker's bench and hero it must be separated into spraying and breathing tubes. A half-mask or cap may be used but the stream of air must not go directly to the workers* faco. Automatic regulation and heating of the air are not always necessary. 03118089 HWBB-00H74?! r H68 000/Ji?2- Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 11. 731 Toxicology of Explosion Gases. Bain. Z. ges. Schiess-u. Sprengstoffw., 35. 181-132 (1940). ( German). _ Explosion gases can be divided into 3 groups with respect to their toxicological action: (1) very poisonous: 00, nitrous gases, cyanogen compounds, H2S; (2) fairly poisonous: nitriles, CO2; (3) non-pol3onous: Hydrocarbons, W, HgC. The amounts of CO found in the explosion gases from several explosives are: picric acid 1.05, TNT 57.01, nitrocellulose powder 46.37, carbonite 36.0, explosive gelatin 34.0 and ammonal 23.74#. Toxicological action is described for CO, nitrous gnsos and HCN. The physiological action of explosion gases cannot be calculated from the toxicity of their components since these are not additive but synergistic. 732 Relation Between Carbon Monoxide Concentration in Air end Carbon Monoxide Hemoglobin Content. J. May. Arch. f. Goworbepath.. 10, 97-105 fl940). (German). Three charts arc shown: one depicting the fomation of CO-heooglobin in man over various periods of time if the inhaled CO concentration is between 0.01# and 1#, and if the person is sitting, walking, or working; the second one illus trates the CO-hemoglobln curves in nan (sitting, walking, working) for CO concen trations from Q.C1-0.07#; the third chart shows the decrease of CO-haoglobln when the person inhaled pure air (these are based upon the author's self exper iments). If the time during which an individual was working in CO air, the time elapsod between his removal and the taking of the blood sample, and the CO-haao- globin of the sample are all known, the approximate concentration to which he was exposed can be estimated. . 733 ^tocolorimetric Determination of Fluorine in the Air with 2irconl-Alirin. M.M. Raines and S.V. Kazachkova. J. Applied Chan.. (U.S.S.R.), 13.*iS3U136 (Russian with Trench summary.) Treat samples of air containing fluorine with 0*5 cc. each of Zr-allzarln indi cator, 3 N H2SO4 and 3 N HC1 in a volumetric flask. Add water to the mark, heat to boiling under a reflux condonsor and cool rapidly. After 10 min., detoxmlne fluorine with the photocolorimeter. To prepare the Indicator, mix equal volumes of Zr (1*03)4 (0.78 ga per 100 cc of water) and Na alizarinsulfonate (0.17 91 per 100 cc of water). If interfering substances are present, fluorine should be distlllod as HoSiTg from the solution after addition of the above reagents and the distillate should be treated again as above. Tor the detexminatlon of fluorine a standard curve should be constructed by using various amounts of fluorine solution of known concentration. By this method 0.001-0.002 ng of fluorine can bo determined. 734 An Improved Air Sampling Device for Ticld Work. T.H. Van Atta and C.H. McClure. Tech. Paper Mo. 2, Illinois Dept, of Labor, April, 1941. A unit for sampling air for large impingers is described. It consists of a case containing pimp, floweter, and impinger rack. 735 Preservation of Health in tho Rubber Industry. T. Warnecke. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg., 23, 1-19 (1941). (German). An interesting description of the health hazards in the rubber industry and their prevention. Benzene and other solvents especially are discussod and some Interesting facts about the dangers of "Buna" (artificial rubber) production arc brought to light. The escaping vapors, especially of styrol, Irritate the skin. Individual processes and methods of decreasing their dangers are re ported, and there are a large number of illustrations. --Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and 13-- 03118090 f HU66-6607423 e -1? Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 12. 735 Mine Safety and Accident Prevention. R. Boone. Mines Mag., 31, 61-5 (February, 1941}. This paper is one of a series covering the subject of mine safety. In previous installments (November and Docatbor, 1940 and January, 1941), most of the con sideration is given to accidents, v.lth statistics, cost figures, safety rules, explosive and electrical hazards and gas ond dust explosions. This paper deals with gas and dust hazards. The various gases found in nines, known to miners as blackdamp, firedemp, whitedamp, afterdamp, and stinkdamp, are described, and their effects and preventive measures are discussed. Blackdamp is the gas most usually present, and consists of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen in various quantities, and its effects are those of oxygen deficiency, Whitedamp is carbon monoxide, and afterdamp consists of carbon monoxide added to the constituents of blackdamp. Firedamp is any inflammable gas, mostly methane, and stinkdamp is hydrogen sulfide. Tho known facts of the dust hazard are presented rather brief ly but adequately including tho principal results of experimentation. The growth of the silicosis "racket" has been due to a concerted effort to hide the facts and to tako as few prevontive measures as possible. Health problems in the mining industry should he handled essentially as have safety problems and cooperation between the management, the engineer and the physician is necessary in erdor to solve them. Pre-employment examinations, individual susceptibility, safe dust concentrations and preventive measures are discussed. In the March issue suggestions for reducing accidents are given, and in the concluding stallmont (May, 1941) safety organizations, rules end systems of reports arm- considered. j 737 Air Douches as Means of Air Conditioning Waja Workrooms. Lies*. Glasteoh- nische Bcr.~. 19, 119.125 (April, 1941). (Caiman), This article presents the results of the author's experiments carried out la a glass plant to determine the effect of heat radiation on the akin of the face at different temperatures, and the effectiveness of air douches for alleviating disagreeable effects of heat radiation. (See Abstract No.209, March, 1940), 738 Fog Fcraation in Working Chambers of Pneuaatic Caissons. 0. K. Froehlich* Ingeniur 55, B93-95 (June 14. 1940^iGenaan). This is an account of an investigation of tho cause of fog formation in the work* ing chambers of pneumatic caissons. Preventive measures are discussed at con siderable length. 739 Local Cooling of Workers In Hot Industry. F.C. Houghten and others. Heating, Piping & Air Cond., 13, 462-465 (July, 1941). This paper discusses a study of two methods of local cooling applications, the results being limited to atmospheric conditions of approximately 50 relative humidity and either a 2500 fjm blast of cool air from a 4-in. nozzle located close to the worker, or a cool air supply of approximately 20 effc through a loose-fitting coverall suit. The study shows conclusively that workers may be kept free from body temperature rise, excessive increase in pulse rate, and from perspiration with either a blast of cool air or by ventilating their clothing with cool air. 740 Spirochetosis Icterohemorrhagica as an Occupational Disease. Etienne-Martin. Mod. du travail 12. 97-133Tl940)7 (French). In recent years this disease has appoared in only four mines with 31 cases, two of which were fatal. The disease only appeared in mines harboring infected vets. For prevention the author proposes eradication of rats, acidification of mins mud, prohibition of eating in mines, supplying pure drinking water, hygiene of the mines, and compulsory reporting of spirochetosis. 03118091 W HU88-B0fl74?<< Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 13. 741 Industrial Health -- A Medical Opportunity. C.M. Peterson. Virginia Med. Monthly 67-TO (1941). Industrial medicine should occupy % greeter part of medical education. Physi cians should take a greater interest in workers' health -- it would he of advan tage to thee, to the worker and to the community. The widespread adoption of worloaen's compensation legislation makes it imperative for physicians to recog nize and report industrial ai3oases. Medical societies, both state and local, are organising committeos for the improvement and dissaainetion of such work in their communities. To achieve the host results, all groups public and private, should collaborate. 742 Importance of Constitution and Pace in the Origin of Occupational Diseases. N.V. Jagic and H. Seyfried. Med' Klin., 51, 1411-1413 (1940). |GcrmanTr This is a discussion of tho differences between occupational disoases that are entirely independent of the personality and disposition to illness, diseases caused by heredity and constitution, and diseases depending on constitution and special disposition, but finally becoming manifest by environmental influences. Tho authors stress the importance of constitution and race, citing examples, such as that asthenic persons have a higher susceptibility to poison# and to joint injury by pneumatic tools, and that pyknic persons havo a higher suscepti bility to dust diseases. Consideration of race and constitutional type are of value net only in giving expert opinions on occupational diseases, but also In prevention. f 743 Organic Angina Pectoris Electrics. S. Koeppen. Munch, med. Wchnschr., 7, \ 1289-1292 (November 22, 1940). (Goiman) j. The author concludes that an electric injury to the heart can be accepted o8ty if the accident is immediately followed by cardiac disturbances, but that anatomically demonstrable changes cannot be expected because the current acts for only an extremely short time. He states that 16 of his 93 cases presented the aspects of organic angina pectoris elcctrtca. This disorder Is due to an impairment of the stimulus conduction system; that is, of the foxmation of the stimulus as well as of its course* Eloctrocardiographically, the disorder pre sents itself (1) as a coronary insufficiency, (2) as an auricular fibrillation, and (3) as disturbances in the conduction of the stimulus. Be regards electri cal angina pectoris as a result of direct electrical action on the cardiac con duction system. 744 Prophylaxis of Throat Infection. R.E. King. Brit. Med. J., 194-155 (Pobruary 1, 1941). In an effort to reduce the incidence of Infections of the upper respiratory tract produced in overcrowded air raid shelters, a throat spray of 15-20% sodliai hypochlorite was employed. A remarkable reduction in acute and subacute streptococcic throat infections was noted. There was practically no difference in tho inoidence, severity and duration of cannon colds in treated and entreated groups. The favorable results have an obvious industrial slgsifioaaoe* 745 Peripheral Vascular Disease in Industry. B.T. Horton. Virginia Med. Monthly, jB, 131-137 (March, 1941). Workers with peripheral vascular disease, especially thrombo-angitis obliterans, must be given work which will not aggravate the disease and lead to serious complications and amputation. Dividing peripheral arterial diseases of the ex tremities into functional and organic groups, Raynaud's disease and arterio sclerosis obliterans arc the comonost. There is also a discussion of mechanical devices used in treatment. 03118092 t HBBB-0007425 3 ~~0 ~<zf\ e Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 14. 746 Spirochetal Jaundioe (Wells* Disease). N. Bloom and H. Walker. Virginia Med. Monthly, 68, 192-200 (April, 1941)7 Seven instances of Weils' disease are presented, with autopsy findings in the five fatal cases. The authors believe there was an occupational factor in only one case that of a junk dealer who may have come in contact with rats during his wrk. Interstitial nephritis was the most common and by far the most impor tant pathological change -- the authors consider it the cause of death. Many cases are probably mistaken for catarrhal jaundice. The spmdromc of acute fever, with generalized aching and tenderness of the body, and jaundice should suggest V/eils* disease -- the differential diagnosis being aided by the presence of mus cular pains and kidney involvement. 747 Military Explosives. C.D. Rogers. Nat. Safety News, 44, 22-23, 77-80 {July, 1941). A discussion of the methods for controlling accident and health hazards in ex plosives manufacturing and ammunition loading plants. The manufacture and use of Totryl, a booster used to insure high order detonations of bonfc and shell fillers, has a real health hazard associated with it. The toxic effects of the vapors from the sulphanators, nitrator, and recryetallizers, and the effects of the crystalline totryl itself are all dangerous. Its effects are similar to those cf TNT. TNT, amatol, ether, benzol, anaonia, carbon tetrachloride and many other toxic substances arc used in tho explosives industry. , 'a. 748 Reduce Noise in Steel Foundry Cleaning Room. A.H. Allen, Foundry 69 . 60-61^ 143 (September, 1941). It has been estimated My tho National Noise Abatement Council that dally losses in industry because of excessive noise amount to approximately $2,000,000. The loss is measured in toms of lessened effective effort by workmen subjested to continuous loud noise. This article recounts a program to rearrange a foundry and erect on entirely new cleaning room which would take advantage of the letost ideas in the technique of foundry noise absorption. Many noise-producing oper ations wore housad in acoustically treated booths, and the Interior of the building, Including wall3 and roof, was treated completely with acoustic mater ial. Expressions have already boon received from the workmen indicating their approval of the noise reduction methods ?/hich have been instituted. Managmaent is convinced that the expenditure will certainly be translated into more efficiont and faster operations in the plant. 749 Dust Control Systaa Deaim. Installation and Operation from the Comoneense Standpoint^ F.F. Kravath. Heat. &Vent.. 38 , 28-31 (June. 1941). Points to be gained from installation of an effective exhaust system, well de signed and maintained, are emphasized. The advice of an expert or consultant should be employod wherever possible. There is a discussion of the importance cf maintaining standards and of giving physioal examinations. 750. .Lighting and Efficiency. E. Kemnerer. 2bl. f. Goworbehyg., 28, 33-40 (1941). (Gorman). Increasing the intensity of illumination increases visual acuity, but beyond a certain intensity this is very slight. Intensity must correspond to the fineness of the work, but the direction from which the light enters the field of work is also important. Blinding by the light and by the reflections from the work is to be avoided. Morcury and sodiim lights may be of use, sinee color is some times of importance. Examples arc given of the economy of better illmination. --Remember the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-- 03118093 r HMfiB-0007426 Digest of Industrial Itygiene - 15. 751 Industrial Health Defense; How Pleat Engineers gaa Hake Field Measurements of Industrial Ventilation. W.C.L. Haaeon. Keating, Piping & Air Cond,, 13, 22-28 (194171 Apparatus for making field measurements of airflow in industrial exhaust equip ment -is described. Chemical smoke producers for tracing leaks or direction of air movement are discussed and illustrated as are the u-tube manometer and the pitot tube for measuring velocities.' Also shewn is a carrying case for these instruments. 752 The Prevention and Treatment of Affections Occurring in the Magnesium Industry. N. Kypher. Practitioner. 146. 92-99 (February. 19417. Some of the occupational exposures resulting in the production and processing of magnesium aro discussed. Brief references are made to magnesium dust and pneumoconiosis, bichromate baths used in treating magnesia eastings, sulfur dioxide, magnesium fluoride and exposure to x-rays in inspection of castings. The treatment of ailments resulting from the several exposures is given in detail. 753 Injuries and Damage to the Ear by Explosion and Sound. A. Groifonstein. Munch, med. tfchnschr. 1345-1350 (1940). (German). The subjiot of injuries to the ear by acute end chronic occupational Influences is reviewed. VJar injuries are discussed in detail: damage from firing one shot, by the effect repeated firing in a short time, noise in flying and noise tnk motors and propellors. j 4 754 Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases by the General Medical Practitioner* S* 0* Straus". 111. Med. J.. 79. 247-251 (March. 1941). '~ This is the first of a series of articles by the Director of Industrial Ryglene, Illinois Department of Labor, intended to acquaint the general practitioner with the problem of occupational disoases. Specific hazards will be dealt with later* Attention 13 directed to the need for getting a complete oocupetlonal history* 755 Industry Must Accept Obligation to Protect Eyesight of Workers. M. Davidson* Concrete (Cement Mill SdT) 49. 184-185 (June. 1941). There are two aspects to the obligation of industry to safeguard its workers* eyes. One is to make the environment safe for the worker by eliminating hazards causing accidents, and the dusts, fines, intoxications and poor llltnination, responsible for occupational diseases. Much has been accomplished in this con nection. The other aspect, that of making the worker safe for hlmaelf, his co-worker and industry, has not yet received tho recognition it deserves* It involves proper vocational guidance and advice for tho applicant with irremedi able defective eyesight and for tho workor who has acquired it in the course of his employment. A survey of tho incidence of true defective eyesight ing the industrial population in terms of its most important element, visual acuity, indicates about 14$ to 18$, with most probably loss than one half serious, defectives. 756 New Theories Concerning the Origin of Myopia. K. Lindner. Klin. Monatsbl* f. Augonheil. p. 582 (1939; (German). The author presents his concept that myopia may be acquired by working at close range, in opposition to the concept of Steiger, prevailing today, that it Is always inherited. The occupational implications of this proposition are obvious. --Foundation's Sixth Annual Meeting: Pittsburgh, Nov. 12-13-- 03118094 r HBBB-000742/ Digest of Industrial Hygiene -16# 757 Aero-Otitis Media in Compressed Air Workers, Treatment with Helium-Oxygen Mixtures* W.H. Requarth. J.A.M.A. 116. 1766-17^TApril 19, 1941). This condition was originally described in aviators but is found quite often in compressed air workers as well. Obstruction of the Eustachian tube is the pri mary cause and is most often due to upper respiratory infections. Pathological ly, there is deformity and hyperemia of the tympanic membrane, and serous or sanguineous exudate in the middle ear. Clinically there i3 tinnitus, earache and impairment of hearing. Perforation of the drum with subsequent suppuration is the most frequent complication, with occasional permanent impairment of hear ing. Pre-employment estimates are useful in eliminating those who are predis posed to upper respiratory infections, in correcting defects tbay may contribute to repeated infections and not allowing an individual to work while suffering from a respiratory infection. Treatment with helima is outlined. 758 Health Conditions In the Glass Industry. Pluhar. Arbeitsschutz, 11-15 (1941). Several months ago a poper appeared on the health hazards of glass workers. The author, an employe of the insurance association of the glass Industry, now pub lishes data from the association's material. He charts curves on tho frequency of lead poisoning, CO poisoning and cataract on the reported and compensated casos. As only 3uch cases arc compensated which cause death or a disability for more than 13 weeks, it is to bo understood that the figures are small, especial ly concerning compensated Fb and CO poisoning cases. From 1926-1939, 400 cases of cataract had been compensated, but the compensation law has been retroactive for several years. 92# of these cases arose in hollow ware and bottle manufacture, a fact that is easily understood since It is also trum that cataract is found only in certain districts because of the particular type of operation, so that exposure of the eyes to radiation is different in different districts. It is unfortunate that the author does not present figures on sili cosis which is the most important occupational disease; he remarks only that 60% of the cases developed in making pots and tubs, as a result of inhaling clay dust which contains up to 50$ free silica. There ore other less coaeon diseases upon which tho author touches briefly. 759 Xerosis of the Cornea among Glass Blowers. H.M. Kiparisot. Vestnik Oftal., 17. 1-2,100 (1940). (Russian). Tho routine examination of 600 glass workers showod that 14.6$ of them had ocular disturbances. Of those, 1.3$ had cataract, but the relation between their work end the lenticular opacities wore not definite, because these workers were all over 40 years of age. Conjunctival hyperemia, found in 11.6$ of the workers, cleared up 2 or 3 hours after work. One man who worked before an open fire without glasses had blepharospasm. The deleterious effect of light and heat in this industry ie Indicated by 6 cases of corneal xerosis. Two cases of optic neuritis could be attributed to tho effect of ultra violet rays. The author urges that '.workers have their eyes examined before entering the Industry, and that the administrative department be charged with the responsibility of providing and enforcing all prophylactic measures. Papers cn Industrial Poisons, Cancor. Dermatitis, etc. 760 Focal Infection and Occupational Eczema. F. Koch. Arch.f.Deimat. u. Syph., 180 . 47-50 il940). (Oeroan). Fecal infection is frequent both in persons with occupational eczema and in healthy persons -- no etiological relationship could be established. The succoss of the therapy was the same in eczematous patients with and without focal infec tions; the removal of the foci was without effect on the eczema. #3118095 f hX66-O0074?8 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 17 c\I 761 Clinical Aspects and Treatment of Occupational Diseases of the Skin. G. Itopf. Zeitechr. f. art2. fortbild., 38, 33-36 (1941). (Genaan). The importance of the occupational factor may be doubted and individual aspects considered if a skin disease continues mere than six months after ceasing work. Negative skin teste are not always proof that there is no causal relationship between the disease and the occupation. Positive tests are important but not necessarily a proof. In diagnosis and prevention, inspection of work, workroom and wrker are important. 762 Pathogenesis of Hypersensitivity to Flour and Persulfate in Flour Workers. H.A.S. van Dishoeck and D.J. Roux. Arch f. Dermatol, u. Syph., 181, 34-40 (1940). (Gorman). A discussion of the significance of flour and persulfate allergy and their im portance in the origin of bakers1 and millers' diseasds. Nearly every baker and miller with rhinitis vasomotoria, astlma and eczema show a positive reaction to flour. Epithelial persulfate allergy is positive only in bakers suffering with florid eczema in a portion of the cases. But German authors found positive per sulfate reactions in 75-80# of the eczematous bakers. Tho authors stress the point that flour allergy is acquired by inhalation; tho skin irritation from wet flour, water, etc. promotes the development of persulfate allergy. 763 Value of Skin Tests in Recognizing and Preventing Occupational Dermatosis. ?. Koch, wien7acd. Wchaschr. 9lT 6-9 (194l). (Gorman). Skin diseases which are apparently occupational in etiology may be shown to caused by substances not used in tho patient's work* Early recognition of. cause is also useful in preventing a sensitivity from becoming polyvalent* It is imperative to make the skin test with the actual substance used in the ftut, not with a substance of the same name. Variability in the results of tests aad the dermatoses caused by friction (eczema of masons) must be kept In mind* 764 A New Industrial Skin Cleanser. L. Schwartz. Pub. Health Septs., 56, 196^1790 (September 5, 1941) Harsh skin cleansers have frequently been found to be the cause of dermatitis rather than the materials being bandied or manufactured. This is especially true of materials hard to remove from the skin. A milder and yet effective akin cleanser is composed of a sulfonated oil (cither animal or vegetable), a wetting agent and optionally a small amount of trisodim phosphate or sodiua hexsmet* phosphate. This cleanser has been very useful in cases of eczAa and defatted skins in which olive oil was previously used as a cleanser. It has also been used In cases of atopic eczema is children. 765 Sudden Appearance of an Occupational Eczema Among Most of the Workers in a Now Division of a Chemical Plant. J. Rochstcad. Hordisk, Mod., 9, 982-986 (1941). (Scandinavian). Eczema appeared aong the workers in an experimental laboratory after using har^nltrodiphenylaznine. The affected men gave positive results with epicuteneous tests. During illness sensitivity improved and normal persons ware easily sen sitized. Urethan ointment decreased the effect of tho chemical. 766 Mule-Spinner1s Cancer. E.M. Brockbank. Brit. Med. J-., pp. 622-625 (April 26, 1941)7 Experience in this subject was gained by the author from seeing ISO mule-splmors with epithelioma of tho scrotum. Over 80# were on the left side. The spindles throw oil onto the men's clothing and being of a mineral carcinogenic type, readily produces skin cancers. Periodic examinations are of the utmost inportanco. Substitution of harmless oils is suggested. 03118036 p Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 18. CM 767 Toxic Effects of Iroko. JM, Davidson. Lancet, 1^ 38-39 (1941). (Great Britain)/^ Description of severe dermatitis In most of the 50 men who handled iroko logs or freshly sawed planks. Bine men had. sewers symptoms, sobs appearing within 1-2 hours, including itching of exposed parts as well as of the genitals, axilla, back of knee, etc. In some men edema of the face, ocular Irritation and blepharo^* spasm developed. Chest constriction, cough and other respiratory manifestations * were other symptoms. Pour to 5 weeks were required to clear up the trouble. Only two of the men had developed sensitivity te other wood. Iroko is the canton and trade name for Chlorophora excelsa. also known technically as mvule, odw and kambala; It comes from East end West Africa. 768 Relationship Between Skin Cancer and Occupation in Texas? Review of 1569 Veri fied Lesions Occurring in 1190 Porsona. C. Phillips. Texas State J. Mod., 36. 613-616(1941). This is an analysis of a study by the TJ.S. Public Health Service as to the inci dence of occupational cutaneous cancer in Texas over a 20 year poriod. In tha order of frequency, the lesions were basal cell epithelioma, squamous call eplthalloma, transitional cell epithelioma, adenocarcinoma of tha sweat or sebaceous glands, flbrosanthosarcoma and epithelioma in sebaceous cysts. Tbs occupations in the order of size are outdoor work (farming and ranching), better wivos, various business activities requiring moderate outdoor life, professing, laborers and carpenters, railroad and petroleua workers. All but It.Sj^ of Ipg lesions were traced to oocupation. A study of 123 melajwnas showed no rela&Nt to occupation. jw'ip' 769 Asphalt as an Antigen. R. Hascbe-Klunder. Dtsch. sad. Vchnschr. 66, VMBpM (1940). (German). Report of a case of bronchial astlna in a Danish stroet worker whils using asphalt oil. This substance is a product of creosote derived from ooel distill ation, and has nothing to do with asphalt. Arother ease is mentioned showing susceptibility to bltiaen. 773 Arsenic and Goitre. G.R. Sharpless and M. Metzger. J. Attrition* 341*346 (April 10, 1941) " Arsenic can act as a positive goltorogenic substance in rats. Iodine can reduce this goltorogenic action as well as the toxicity of mull Mounts of arsenic. Ingestion of arsenic may double the iodine requirement. Arsenic nay exert its goltorogenic effect indirectly by Interfering with some of the nomal oxidation reduction systems, perhaps by comblniag with sulpfaydryl groups or sons other way* Cell oxidation is hindered in this way and tho thyroid is stimulated in an attempt to compensate for lost oxidative capacity. 771 Symptoms of Acute Hydrocyanic Poisoning with Special Reference to lecrcloalc Disturbances. M. Weraor. Dtsch. Zeitachr. f. Kervenhollk.. 151. 123-13? (1941). (Geman). Exposure to hydrocyanic add gas produced unconsciousness with dyspnea. The- worker recovered after a day in the hospital, but two days later he relapsed, with hypotonia, ataxia, adiadochoclnesls (symptoms of cerebellar affection), more on the left than on the right side. H4 had headache and disturbance of the circulation in hands and foot; inner ear deafnees developed four days later*. After about 14 weeks, these symptoms disappeared. There is a discussion of these symptoms and tho literature on the subject. -..Annual Mooting - Nov. 12 and 13-- HUfiii-0007430 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 19. 772 The Effect of Sodim Thiosulfate on Excretion of Arsenic. E.T. Cedar, L. Zon and M.I, Klinger. Vener. Dis. Inform., 22, 123-129 (April, 1941). The pharmacologic action of sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of arsenic poi soning is still e controversial issue. A disparity exists in the results of pre vious studies in this problem, which might be explained on technical difficulties of arsenic analysis and the selection of subjects. Ten syphilitic patients, each of whom had completed an orthodox course of neoarsphenamlne therapy, were selected for this study. Six of them received sodium thiosulfate, while the re maining four were used as controls. The arsonic content of urine and feces was /T*\ analyzed in tho30 subjects over a period ranging from the 1st to the 23rd day following the ccmplotion of tho course of neoarsphenamlne therapy. The urinary, focal or total arsenic excretion was not significantly affected by ad ministration of sodiua thiosulfate in popularly used therapoutlc dosage. The question as to clinical efficacy of this compound in tho treatment of arsenic poisoning might be raised, as the strongost case for its clinical use has been based on the supposition that it mobilized the excessive arsenic stored in the body depots. s 773 Experimental Studies on Aniline Bladder Tumors. S. Morigani and I. Niaimura. <*um, 34, 146-147 U94Q)* In view of the occurrence of bladder cancer among aniline workers, the authors attempted to produce the disease experimentally by o-toluidin end benzidine^ Rabbits, guinea-pigs, and rats wore used. A 1% solution of o-toluldia in oivo oil was injected subcutaneously 6 times a week in 0.1 cc doses. la other edfe percents o-toluidin and benzidine were dissolved in chlorofoz*, la the sstjb of 5%, and the solutions wore applied to tho skin of tho back ovory other daft^ Bladdor papilloma was produced in aniaols receiving injections of o-toluldin that survived over 100 days. Rabbits were especially resistant to the toxic action of tho chemical and 3howed a high incidence of papilloma. Beazldiae proved more toxic, but when animals withstood the treatment long enough this sub stance also produced atypical proliferation of bladder opltheliuu Unfortunate ly, for the proper evaluation of the experimental results nutters of animals used and of those developing papilloma are not given. Huoper produced neoplastic lesions of the bladder in 9 of 16 dogs treated with bota-naphthylsmine. 774 Tho Effect of Calciua and Phosphorus on the Motabollaa of Lead. J.B. Shields and H.H. Mitchell. J. Nutrition. 21, 541-552 (June 10, 194lF. 1. A low content of calciua or of phosphorus or of both in tho diet induced a high retention of lead in comparison with diets containing higher mineral levels. In fact, the only mothod of securing lead storage in adult rats on the moderate concentration of dietary lead used (32 p.p.a.) is to lower the calelm content of tho diot to inadequate or borderline lovels. 2. Excessive dietary levels of calciua and phosphorus are not appreciably more protective against the assimilation of lead by the body than are levels approxi mating tho requirements. This statement applies only to the aoderats levels of dietary lead employed. 3. Under the imposed conditions of variablo dietary concentrations of calciua and phosphorus, the retention of calci* runs in a diametrically opposite direc tion to the retention of lead. 4. Under conditions of practical nutrition, an adequate intake of c&lolva and of phosphorus presumably protects the body against appreciable assimilation of the low levels of diotary lead Involved in the usual lead hazard of modern life. This protocticn is more effective in the adult than in the adolescent for any 3iven concentration of calcium and phosphorus, possibly because the mineral meta bolism of the bone trabeculae is considerably less Intense in the adult than in tho growing organic. 03118098 w Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 20. 775 Lead Encephalopathy in Children and Adults: Clinlcopatholcglc Study. A.J-, Akelaitis. J. Nerv. sad Ment. Die., 93, 3137332 (March, 1941). The po8t-mort<B study suggests that the structural changes in children and adults arc a result of edema with exudation and hyperplastic changes in the leptaiaeninges and endothelial colls of the blood Teasels. The symptoms in adults arc similar to those of any brain inflaznnation, and diagnosis rests on the presence of a lead line. 776 Behavior of tho Alkali Reserve and the -2L of the Urine Before and After Injec tions of Calcium and ttognesimu R. Massione and B. Baroggi. Med, del Lavoro 32, 63-70 (1941) . (Italian) . Thirteen cases of lead poisoning were treated by injection of calciim chloride and magnesium 3ulfate. The authors conclude that some degree of acidosis is pre sent ir. all cases of load colls. The alkaline reserve increases after tho in jection of calcium and decreases after injection of aagnesii* sulfate* No change is shown by tho urine pH. 777 Lead Storage Battery Manufacture in the State of Illinois. G.W. Daubeaapeck and C.H. McClure. Div. Fact. Inspoct. Illinois Dept, of Labor, Chicago, Tech. Paper No. 1, (March, 1941). A report of conditions found in industry and recommendations of needed changes in equipment ana in processes. Importance of air cleanliness is stressed and data from sampling with the impinger in various operations is given* f 778 Nicotine and Internal Secrotlon. II- Dangers to Women Working In Tobacco Facfor- ios*? P. Gumbrccht and A. Looser. Arch, f. am. Path, u. Phan*. ifeT ld&ilni. (1940). (German). The authors showed in a previous publication (same issue, pp. 121-141), that the reproduction organs and the thyroid arc the most sensitive of the endocrine glands to nicotine. Two hundred eighty tobacco workers end 471 textile workers were investigated; no difference was found, although the tobacco workers ec* plained more frequently of dysmenorrhea. Overstraining (combined work in fac tory and home, a long walk to work, etc.) probably cause symptoms referable to the thyroid which wore frequently encountered. 779 Experimental Poisoning by Selcnim with Special Regard to its Bffeeis on the Bones* F.K. Bauer. Arch.f.Goverbepath.. 10. 117-132 (l940). (CeUtom)* Chronic poisoning of animals with seleniua is reportod* Bone changes are des cribed and illustrated with microscopic sections. Metabolic changes are show* The amounts of soienit* found in tho organs was vory tiny* 780 Phosphine Poison(Airing Erporiments) I. Acute and Subacute Poisoning* v;7 Muller. Arch, f. oxp* Path, u. Pham*. 195. 184-193 (1940)* (derman;. The widespread use of Insecticides which give rise to phosphine suggested those experiments. It was shows that in concentrations of 1:40,000 doeth occurred after 4 hours; with 1:50,000, after two exposures of four hours each; with 1:100,000, after seven exposures of 4 hours each. Concentrations of 1:200,000 could be endured for two months for four hours daily. 0animal which bed been exposed to such a concentration for five days died when the concentration was increased to 1:70,000 at the and of tho first four tours* Previous exposure had diminished the resistance* 781 T.N.T. (Trinitrotoluene) lad. Data Shee-t No. D-Chem. 38. National Safety Council. Nat. Safety News. 44, 38, 40 (September, 1941). Poisoning from TNT may take place in three ways: through respiration, by inges tion, or by absorption through the skin* In addition to the systemic effects, deraatitis, through contact with the skin, can also occur, ^scgyjip^p^forjirevention are outlined. w HKBB-UOUM32 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 21. 782 Effects of Yellow Phosphorus and Arsenic Triozide on Growing Bones and Growing Teeth* C.O* Adaas and B.G. Sarnat. Arch. Path..30, 1192-1202 (1940). A generalized toxic effect of both substances was observed as manifested by a reduction in the rate of weight gained and bone growth. Yellow phosphorus pro duced a band of increased density, the formation of which was attributed to a -- r\ diminished reaaqption of cartilage matrix and bone. A disturbed calcification of tho dentin occurred in animals receiving the yellow phosphorus and arsenic trloride. These studios are of theorotical interest in revealing the effects of >o yellow phosphorus and arsonic trioxide on two types of calcified matrix. 783 Value of Vitamin C for Benzene Workers. 0. Libowitsky and H. Seyfried. V/ion. klin. Wchnschr., 53, 543-547 (l94C). (Gorman). Tho authors claim that, in vrorkers exposed to benzene and its homologues, they often find symptoms typical of avitaminosis C. This is particularly true in the months in which there is a vitaain C deficiency in the food and by higher concentrations of vapors due to closed windows (November to April). Rxapel-Lede congestion experiments showed 6.3$ positive with the highest percentages in tho winter months. Among the 59 cases with positive Ruapel-Lcde tests were five casos with "clear benzene damage;" in four cases the blood showed "exceptional fn) ly lov; leucocyte counts"; in the fifth case there was a "moderate leucopenia and anemia of high degree." The cases were trotted with cevitamic acid and 19 bo- cane negative to the Rmpel-Lode test. Vitamin C may be used as a prophylactic in exposures to benzene. f 784 Masks for Protection Against Fomaldehyde. Queries and Minor Motet* J.AJkA* 116. 2639 (June 7. 1941). The activated charcoal used in many mask canisters will absorb fomaldehyde "to a large degree." Although heavy concentrations of fomaldehyde are rare, it might be better to have workers wear supplied-air or oxygen masks* The toxic limits for fomaldehyde have not been fixed although 20 p.p.a. has been suggested. What is the role of employee health in industrial relations? /ire any new health hazards arising in this period of emergency production? What's now in-the study of alminum powder? What are the latest legal trends? What la,, the audit of sick absenteeism showing? For the answer to those and scores of other pertinent questions in the field of employee health, plan to attend the Foundation's annual meeting Mot. 12-13* 03118100 w fe... HU6B-0007433 Air sampling 734 Arsenic and goitre 770 therapy 772 trioxide 782 Asbestosis lung cancer 711 with tuberculosis 712 Benzene and vitamin C 783 Cancer, skin 768 Carbon monoxide 732 Coal miners lungs 713 Constitution 742 Creosote 769 Dermatitis flour 762 hexa-nitrodiphenyi- aoine 765 Iroko 767 role of infection 760 skin cleanser 764 skin tests 763 treatment 761 Dust control cement general hammer Mil 7M 749 723 Electric angina pectoris 743 Explosives, military poisoning 747 Eyesight glass blowers 759 myopia 756 protection 755 INDEX (September, 1941) Fluor!no determination 733 Gases, explosion 731 Heat, excessive 737-739 Hydrocyanic acid 771 Hydrogen phosphide 728 Hydrogen sulfide 729 Illumination 750 Industrial disease legal aspects 725 Industrial medicine general 741-754 Load battery industry 777 encephalopathy 775 treatment 774-776 MagnosiuB health hazards 752 Mining 736 Molsc, excessive ear effects . 753 prevention 748 Phosphine 780 Phosphorus 782 Pressure, excessive 736-757 Reports dust survey 715-718 Respirators approved 726 for formaldehyde 784 Rubber industry 735 Selenium 779 SlliC03i8 mineralogy 7C7-TO8-710 prevention 706 report 714-719 x-rays 720 Spray-painting protection 730 Statistics, morbidity and mortality glass workers 768 Therapy oxygen injoction 721 throat infection 744 T.K.T, 781 Tobaoco workers Tuborculosis control 716-717 Tunors. bladder 773 Vascular disease 745 Ventilation lnstznaents 751 Weils* disease 740-746 miniature 709 mycosis fungoides 727 03118101 P O. 0i a 8S. 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