Document qknmDrYrMdR4v5yv1vKjeE6EM

FILE N A M E : Jo h n so n & Jo h n so n (JAJ) DATE: 1972 Sept 8 DOC#: JAJ062 D O C U M E N T DESCRIPTION: Report - An Exam ination o f Italian M in e Sam ples and Relevant Pow ders 'I<' <1 . X prteetlvOntor . . j JNJAWL0000002 } BABY PRODUCTS COMPANY N EW BRU NSW ICK, N. J. OS903 The attached geological report documents the existance of the following minerals associated with Val Chisone Talc Ore. Quartz Muscovite Phengite Chlorite Sheridanite Penainite Garnet Calcite Magnesite Epidote Microcline Trepolite ctinolite Sphene Rutile Hornblende Biotite Phlogopite Pyrite Pyrrhotite Chalcopyrite Clinozoisite The minerals normally contain the following elements: Si, K 2, Al. Mg, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ti, S, Cu, 0, Ha It is normal to expect the additional following elements to be entrained in some of the above minerals: Zr, P, Fb, Zn, Co, Sr, Ba, Be, Y, Ce, Ta, Hb, Sn, Hi. A copy of the geological report is in the restricted files of the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. * Protected Documont-Subfoct to PretecHv Ord*r JNJAZM_000MQ213 .* " 'Vr-.'.-'-Si*i* ; i, ./t . ' ** 1 I *r 8 , "Mi'* - \ .... . ** . , < < .' t / * `,, " 'J * * * j t ; * i , , ' 5.-. Ba.'I'i*.-`:.i..' /. .. '...y.l-< V., .. .- \>! ,, ... 'V. ;; -vV; r .- v - * * - >. t `' , is r * * SI* .. , , M * .7 . . *l s{ . .ii'- V . 1 '* ' * til' n \ :. ; v/. aa | V < . . "n . 1 Ii V' * * " *. . s . ' ' ' --v.- ,*'} ` '.. ."vs. ` ; **< * ' . ^ '* * , d i .> .*:- V-/' ':Y V '. - * / , 'V"\V' ' Jc'.'-.-- ..." ; -- fA cC d e p a r t m e n t OF MINERAL EXPLOITATION :: c; Prateeted Docum ent-Subject (a Protective Order UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ;CARDIFF k. JNJAZ5S_OOOOOCOSS < ''t .V V . \? ; r C /r. a AN EXAMINATION F ITALIAN MINE SAMPLES AND RELEVANT POWDERS t . \ ? , This document represents the completion report.o f :the Italian mine samples and other 0$*** by Johnson and Jehbpdn, Cdihain,.Portsmouth, to the department of Mineral Exploitation. The persons involved'in- the examination 'of the material reported here were: Mr* J. Lightfoot Mr. G.A. Kingston Dr. P.d . Pooley Received: 8th September I 1972 4r f ` Protected D ocum ent-Subject to Protective Order JN JA Z56JM 00000S9 , -REPORT OF INVESTIGATION' OF ITALIAN MINE ' 'SAMPLES AND' RELATED POWDERS . Introduction .../>&/ r\..:V ;'' . Talc is hydrated magnesium silicate (MgaSiitOi0(o h )2 ) which, can occur in a number o forms. In its compact form .it-is known as steal!te or soapstone. The form normally employed for toilet purposes is soft and very friable in character. it is mined in many parts of the world including the U.S.A., Canada, France, Italy, Norway and India, as well as several other countries. It occurs in both a flaky and lath like form and the chief deposits occur in altered magnesia-rich calcareous rocks such as dolomite, marble, and magnesian limestone. The purest talc deposits occur in association with dolomite and marble. Talc also occurs in altered basic rocks such as serpentines and again as thin beds in mica schists. Commercial talcs contain a number of related mineral impurities. They may include antigorite (hydrated magnesium silicate) magnesite or members of the .magnesite-chalybite series of carbonates, dolomite (calcium, magnesium carbonate 1, tremolite and actinolite (calcium, iron magnesium silicates1, chlorites (magnesium aluminium iron silicates) and other minor minerals such as the sulphides and spinels. The hjtn specimens examined in this report were collected at the Italian and da not represent an average collection Of specimens Of material bffti produced at the mine. The specimens were collected with the intention of sampling those areas with obvious non talc mineral inclusions. Specimens were retained which showed differences in physical appearance, i.e. fibrous, flakey, massive and powdery in texture. Specimens of. ore. in' which colour variation was observed were also collected. Ih general the colour of the talc Ore varied from grey-through, white'.to a light, green colour. Obvious inclusions ih the talc ore itself were retained and a careful search at the various sample locations in the talc seam ,was performed for fibrous amphibole minerals. Specimens of the hanging and footwall were also collected .to assess their mineral content as these were likely sources of ore contamination, although the method of mining which consisted of hand filling.methods precluded any gross contam ination of'the ore. The hand specimens, have been, where possible, prepared for examination by the optical microscope and both, polished blocks and thin sections of material have been employed. Representative fractions of all hand specimens have been reduced to powder form and subjected to powder X-ray diffrac tion examination. (The representative powdered samples also form the samples for morphological examination by the electron microscope. . V. -Subject to Protective Order The list of samples obtained from the Italian mihe are * given in Tables 1 and 2 and throughout this report the samples are referred to by thp preceding code number for each specimen. .'Vi '; } The objective of the examination has been mainly to es- -. tablish the major minerals which.occur in association with talc at.the Italian mine. In particular to look, at the association of these minerals with the talc and especially those minerals which are of the same family as the commercial asbestos .-minerals, i.e. the amphiboles and serpentines. -/ 7. . % * The objective of the optical examination has been to establish textural and mineral relationship and not to quantify the phases occurring in each hand specimen. x-ray work has been aimed at establishing the minerals observed by optical means and to produce reference patterns for future investiga- . ' tion together with computed data from pattern measurement. Electron microscope work has been selective in nature and performed on the fihefir fraction of the powdered specimens. Its aim has been to describe the morphology of the particles produced by comminution of the hand specimens and to investi.... gate any obvious structural information which might be of use in Identification of individual mineral particles. Representative data obtained from the various examinations are included, in the following report... .-V !i Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order t 4L... a JNJAZSS_000000091 TABLE 1 , LIST OF ITALIAN MINE SAMPLES ' ' G Code No '-'- Description : ' . JL.l. - '1.2. ; Talc from footwall contact , Sorting pieces, (with, obvious colour differences) .1T'.V * f* * 1.3.-, 1.4. . Coloured talc (green) Pace 10 sample with' obvious amphibole inclusion. 1.5. General ore 1.6. > 1 Suspected Quarts sample 1.7.. - ' Mica schist specimen . . 1*8. Massive talc ' , 1.9. . Grey talc 1st face .V; . i.io. . Granular talc sample ".Ir;*1 *. ** i..n. ' Q *' : 1.12V >. . - Carbonate and talc Footwall sample? Amphibolite . . 1.13. Inclusion showing passage into talc bottom transit. 1.14. ; Inclusion in talc seam face 4, middle of seam. . jc.is., <*, .Talc footwall contact. <'' *. * , 1.16. Inclusion from face 1. ' . \ .1.17. . " Footwall rock, sample ; * 1.18. Face 3 carbonate/talc sample i.i9.,' -Tremdlifee/qQartz/talc sample 1.20. ^ Amphibole sample from Gianna 1212 1.21. Inclusion from face 2.. V. 1.22. Carbonate/talc sample . 1.23. ` ._' Black, gneiss 2 ft below talc seam \ 1 .24 ; ? '" * I. 25. l , ' 1,26. et Protected Documnt-Subject to Protective Order Tal^ next to carbonate face 2. Footwall limestone , Talc inclusions vJ-J-l-1 --_S -1- T JJNNJJAAZZ5555JI00000092  x * Table 1 Continued . Code No. 1--W ;' ft Des 'rlotion 1.28. *` .*: *. 1.29. 1 .30. i ' *31*. 1 Z;32. yii33. : V Z;34. > : ' ; Z.35. 1.36. ' . 1.37. V. * .it-,38. - . Ii.39. 1.40. * " '1.42. /'X.43. .W. - ' ' ,I.44.>; ,1.45. ' Z.46. . Quartz/talc sample ` ; Sample 6 footwa.ll \ Quartz/Carbonate/tale sample Black inclusion face. 1 'Face 2 inclusion from base of talc 1 t Talc from, lower left end of working 7 ; Marble/tunnel wall .Massive carbonate from rear end of working Grey tale specimen Carbonate in talc inclusion . Pyrite/talc specimen 5 * - 0 pieces from crusher Flatey talc , Face 2, good specimen Face 1, coloured green Ctalcl Face .10* fibrous Sample. /( Face 1, pure talc? , Face 1, good specimen . Face '3, coloured specimen * t Protected Docum nt-S ubjoct to Protective Order JNJAZ55 000000093 ; / * . ^ " , . ' .% / ' J , . *. / ** *Vf , 'i \ .* I r, , -,-U ; *7 / ; V 1 , *f i '-.l /i-.''.'.i * *r . "*< . * v Code No. 81 '. ; B2 V B3 ' :<% , . I" - . * B4 rv .4 X ' *' ,.'**A B5 86. . % * i Vf \' 88 t r B 9 .. u - t **.C'0'.' gMkB 2 OTHER SPECIMENS' EXAMISIP * O.. ' ' ..* . V * ' . . . S` .i . . r '(i 'V*" ****'* ** * * ;* ' *, Description . \ v : 4. , ** . . *,*; . . .* *Y ` ,,. J fu ra tele. 1st face V.: / .-'V: Y*'.. . .::</.: 7 G reenish ta lo 1 st :fac* . I r ` T a lo 6 'in ch e s abova fo o tw ll T a le itoa, abova in c lu s io n i. . In c lu sio n in ta le . T ale 2 f t above in c lu s io n . ,* * ./. .i .. ,. , . * , 8 e ctio n 2 f t above in c lu s io n .t Bure talc 1st face Greg t^le 1st face A leo examinad " ' . . * . . . h 1) Batcb.- shipments of -00000 talc 2) ' O ld sa u rie s o f B r it is h powders'. , i \ > P rattetM l Documnfr-8ubJectto Protctiv* Order -..\ ..> -C .i.. JN JAZM J00000094 : OPTICAL EXAMINATION OF SPECIMENS II - 146 Thin and polished, sections were -prepared of the specimens Of wallrock and, where possible, the talc ore. The minerals which formed a major constituent in at least one of -the sections were quartz,'muscovite, talc, chlorite. (var sheridanite), calcite, garnet, n d tiemolte; the latter only occurred s a major constituent in section 119. Phases .which were always minor or accessory wer microcline, plagio- clase, biotite,.Pennine, epidote, clinozoisite, hornblende, actlnollte (section 17), rutile, and opaque constituents pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. . .. The Identification of the minerals in the sections of these specimens was based on the optical characteristics of the minerals in transmitted and reflected light, both under plane polarised-light CPPL] and crossed nicols (XNJ, combined with the results of the X-ray diffraction study- of the crushed hand specimens. In some cases material was extracted from the sections and examined in R.I. liquids as in determining that the most common chlorite mineral in these specimens is a variety called sheridanite having a R.I. w equivalent of 1.590 0.005 .and a birefringence of 0.012 - 0.014. Similarly much of the muscovite was nearly uniaxial with a R.I. of 1.600 correspond ing to the variety phengite, an abnormally siliceous muscovite. Xa the ease of talc its confident determination optically is difficult since its optical properties are identical to musco vite. However, it was found that the common "feathery" form of the talc combined with the invariable occurrence of minute transparent inclusions (suspected to be silica) in the talc producing a 'dusty1 appearance in thin section and a greenish colour in hand specimen, enabled talc to be distinguished from -muscovite. Talc also exhibited slightly higher order inters ference colours -in general. - Where talc was only an accessory mineral to muscovite, as in some of the wallrock samples, then .it-.could -not be, distinguished .with certaintly.; , In the following pages (no. 7 to 48 ) the Italian specimens are systematically described as regards their mineral composition and mode of intergrowth. Numerous photomicrographs taken under FPL and XN are provided with the description to 'mainly illustrate the rock textures which, it is hoped, will provide information useful in the comminution of particularly .the talc ore samples, and also displays the non occurrence of asbestiform amphlboles in the talc ore* Protective Order r. 4 JNJAZ55JJOOO095 V-*-` . } ::.;VY'/.r 7v V . - ..- . ' ;y:-. ..; ", ; 'r:J >*; - v '^ j TEl -''`vv ' - - . . ; v .;*** . /.i : v. . ... . Specimen II consisted of several pieces of wallrock. with. vjV * '.""one piece displaying the talc/fooiwall contact. One polished .. section was .made of the talc/footwall contact and one thin -v. section of the wallrock alone. The wallrock is a schist which in thin section displayed .a segregation of the main'minerals into thin lenticular bands V*. composed, as in Figure 1, of long.tabular aggregates of ' intermixed muscovite (var. phengite) and chlorite (var sherida- nite),.and granular quarts exhibiting a polygonal grain boundary structure. Accessory rutile*occurs as orientated inclusions in the chlorite and muscovite,' and also opaque cbn- .stituents which in polished section were identified as dominantly w r i t e metaorysts with minor pvrrhotite. Sane subhedral . porphyroblasts of plaglocla'se also occur. . V *.* " *' *v f.+ . . ? * Fla. 1 .- Photomicrograph, X 40, of thin section' of wallrock ll ... under crossed niois. A schist of quarts (granular j white-black), muscovite (lamellar yellow-blue), and : " ' chlorite (lamellar white-blueish grey). \ V ' ' * ' Specimen 13 'coloured talc' 4; The minerals composing this specimen are major talc and fte (var sheridanite) with the talc content much greater n chlorite, together with accessory garnet, rutile, and .an unidentifiable finely dispersed phase occurring as minute transparent inclusions, .along the cleavage planes and grain boundaries of the. talq 'end imparting a dusty brown appearance -m to the talc in thin section and a greenish colour in hand - specimen. The talc odours as medium grained feathery aggre gates which are in places 'dusty* and grade into 'clean* \ transparent aggregates which are free of any inclusions. It appears that some retrograde metamorphic process has caused the Inclusions to be removed or Incorporated into the talc , e . s -- Prottetsd DoeumnMIuy*et to Protective Ordr JNJAZM DM W OOM 8;' .. '"-V minor chlorite is dispersed in the ta)c matrix as small ^ lenticular and globular. fibrous aggreg ites. Rare garnet, 'possibly a member of the ugrandite series because of its -anisotropy, occurs as subhedral porphyroblasts. . i rifft 2. Photomicrograph., x 24, of thin section of 'coloured talc1 specimen. 13 under crossed nicols. Dominantly tale (yellow-blue interference colours) showing murky brownish, black, patphes due to presence of fins unidentifiable inclusions Specimen 1 5 - -general'ore - A-coarse aggregate of curving foliaceous and feathery crystals.of talc displaying evidence of sheering and translation 'twinning. As in specimen I3, dusty inclusions of a transpa rent mineral with a general prismatic habit occurs dispersed in the talc, As before, but to a lesser extent, the talc is - cleansed of these.inclusions along zones associated with defor mation and translation twinning, and it appears that the inclusions have either been converted to talc (as in the con version of tremblite to talc by low temperature CO a metasomatism) -or incorporated into the talc structure as a result of retro grade deformation metamorphism. Rare small subhedral garnet porphyroblasts also occur. Protected Doeum.rrt-Subj.et to ProteeUv. M a r JNJAZS5J300000087 *J %I ; i' i * I 4' 1% ft* * . .* w. 4 <.* v* . . . * ' *,. * /' ;% > > r,,*t ,***. - t'r*' * .*.. > r \y * .` * * . / * ** v * '. " '" . ; . ' : '' :* ' ' "* ' ' '. . `. Fig.- 3. Photomicrograph, x 24, of thin action of' 'general ore* specimen I5 under crossed nicols shoving the texture . of the talc, and the 'murky* inclusion-rich talc compared to the clear inclusion-free talc. Specimen Is Specimen 16.consists of A very coarse .aggregate o f .inter locking anhedral magnesite gr^Af. which-exhibit strongly irregular and ahgtilar penetrating'grain 'boundaries. "The mag nesite is characterised in thin section, Fig. 3a, by its marked -change -in relief and perfect, rhombohedral cleavage in plane Slaxised > under light, and very crossed nicols. high order interference colours, ^ - Fig. Intergranular pockets of fins grained foliaceous and radiating prismatic crystals of talc together with rare ' chlorite Cv.ar. sheridanite} occur. In places the prismatic - clusters of talc appear to- have formed at the expense of the magnesite, perhaps as a result of a retrograde thermal metamorphism with, its formation* being ascribed, to a reaction between the magnesite and silica. One subhedral porphyroblast of * plagloclase felspar occurs in the thin section. (* Protected Document-Subject to Protective order -V > * s V. JNJAZ6S_0OMMOO98 3a Photomicrograph., x 24, of thin section of specimen Ig trader plane polarised light,, consisting dominantly of magnesite with, minor talc and rare chlorite .w . r * : r :.'v-..Mi- >- . a o ? .> #?' -f? -"V W$f ... *V fl.V ii.p i r V r*-* " - ^-*11+***" -- -i-A j A a -s e 'm ;; .\^ t ' fi g 13b. Photomicrograph, of thin section of specimen I g , mag x 24, under crossed niools showing the occurr ence of smell equigcanular and prismatic crystals of talc penetrating and interstitial to coarse onhedrai magnesite. Protective Order JN.MZ55JHKKW80M  This specimen of. wallrock is a quartz-muscovite-qarnet sdhist (Figs. 4a, 4b, and 4c) containing some accessory ' actinoiite. brown hornblende. talc and rare biotite. \ The muscovite (var. phengite) forms long lenticular bands ; showing ,a preferred-orientation in a matrix of interlocked ; equigranular quartz grains displaying strongly irregular grain boundaries. Large euhedral porphyroblasts of garnet, forming . one of the.major phases, are dispersed throughout the rock. Accessory subhedral tabular and rhombic sections of. actinolite (colourless to iiluish green pleochroism) occur, - ' ' orientated parallel t.o the schi'stosity. The actinolite also occurs as rims to euhedral grains of rhombic and tabular outline \ which may have, originally been brown hornblende but now are pseudomorphed by what appears to be a mixture of talc, chlorite and residual hornblende. Some talc is present as small pockets within the muscovite layers but this identification is based on '/ the form, the lower refractive index and the occurrence of dusty , inclusions. The colour, birefringence etc. of the talc is otherwise-the.same as muscovite. In polished section the main opaque accessory mineral is gygEhotite occurring as subhedral laths lying parallel to the schistosity. Traces of chalcooyrlte also occur, and some rutile rods mainly as inclusions in the garnet porphyroblasts. Ficr. 4a Photomicrograph of polished section of I7 showing , r TV" pyxrhotite (white), garnet (light greyl, and muscovite-quartz (darker grey). Very dark to ) ... black areas are pits in the surface. . t Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order JN JA Z 5 6 - ."Fla. 4b. Photomicrograph# mag. x 40# of thin section of 17 . consisting of garnet# muscovite and quartz under . plane polarised light. 0: 1 . Flc. - 4c. Photomicrograph# mag. x 40# of thin section of 17 under crossed nlcols showing subbsdral garnet (black)# anhsdral Interlocking quartz (white-grey`black) , and lamellar muscovite (coloured). Pwfcet r i Doeum m t-autyeet to Protective Order JNJAZfi5_000000101 V Specimen 18 ' .13 ' . . In hand specimen Xq appears as a coarse aggregate of foli- >-. 'i. .aceous talc varying in colour from whi*e to greenish, white. Th .jx _ general texture in thin section is of ioarse foliated talc C ' .* preferentially orientated and alternating with long lenses of a k .' ^ . finer talc in which a preferred orientation appears to be absent as e result of shearing parallel to the schistosity.- Minor ' chlorite (var. sheridanite} occurs as orientated laths intimately intergrown with the coarse talc .and as fibrous aggregates in the ; finer talc lenses. Rare anhedral garnet, possibly pyrope, occurs. In thin section the talc which appears greenish in hand specimen is seen to be crowded with minute inclusions of a pinkish mineral occurring as rounded to thin tabular grains and having a lower refractive index than the talc. A grey-brown .amorphous material is also'present. This material together with the granular inclusions is presumably responsible for th greenish colouration o f the tele in hand specimen. As in 13 and 15 the greenish, talc has.been cleansed of inclusions along planes 'parallel to the schistosity by some later metasomatic process or . retrograde metamorphic process. This 'absorbtion* of the inclu sions by the talc or removal of the inclusions, does not effect the form of aggregation pf the tele crystals. Boundaries between the clean transparent and 'murky* talc often transgress the schistosity and there is no change in the coarseness or mode of aggregation of the tele across such, boundaries.- X-ray diffrac tion of the transparent white talc and* the translucent greenish, talc revealed no differences and the composition of these inclusions is at the moment unknown. Figure 3, under crossed niois t shows such a transgressive boundary between the clear and 'murky* or dusty- talc*. Fig. 5 . . '. Photomicrograph, mag x 24, of thin section ! showing the nature ox the talc intergrowth under crossed nicols, and tho trnnngrcnuivo boundaries between clear tr.mnparent talc and the Inc lutiI.ou-elch 'murky* taLc which appears graonish whita in hand specimen. Protected Doeum .nt-Subjoet to Protective Order JN JA ZB S . 1 ^ . J r i': Specimen- Io t 'Grey tale 1st face*. In specimen Ig talc and chlorite (var. sherldanite) are the main constituents. .They occur intimately intergrown as long orientated foliaceous aggregates alternating with finer platy.. :-aggregates in which the talc and chlorite fibres are randomly .orientated and which form-lenses elongated parallel to the. - sehistosity of the coarser foliaceous talc (Figs. 6a and 6b). .As in previous sections the talo appears murky in parts due to the presence of minute unidentifiable' inclusions. The talc is also crowded with small irregular and rod- ' ` .shaped grains of rutile . *Hare subhedral porphyroblasts of garnet' (possibly pyrope) also occur. . ;; 1/ * yjg- .. Photomicrograph., x 40 mag, of thin section Ig under plane polarised light showing subhedral garnet grains in*an orientated foliaceous aggregate of talc .and chlorite. . '* * -. * # ` . * * . ^ ! r *, , * . -, * , '/.hi* - * i . Protected Document-dutyect to Protective Order JNJAZSS.000000103 Photomicrograph., x 40 mag, of thin action Ig .under crossed nicols showing garnet (black) in a coarse matrix of foliaceous talc (bright interference colours) and- chlorite (white to. blue^grey interference colours). . Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ55_000000104  V*. >V .-*s. 5As.' t ( ' . i`!.' ' ' . 16i'.l! ' H%J> m ' Specimen1I m aad I m a t 'granular tale' > Both I^q and X^o a e*!** of an intergrowth of medium grained and randomly orientated major'talc with minor chlorite (var. sheridanite) (Fig. 7). Some smallporphyroblasts of . garnet also occur scattered in the .talc/chlorite ground mass, in this specimen the talc is hot crowded with, inclusions as is the case in most of the other samples. 7 .- Photomicrograph# x 40 mag., of thin section I,Q , under crosped nicols,- consisting of talc '(blue' and yellow ..'interference colours) chlorite"(white- and greys) , and carnet (black). Specimen I n t .'carbonate and talc* * t . , * , Specimen Xi consists dominantly of a mosaic of coarse to ` `fine grained anhedral interlocking magnesite grains with . < . interstitial pockets of coarse to medium grained foliaceous : aggregates 'of talc (Figs. 8a end 8b).. The talc is crowded with . near sub-microscopic inclusions of a tranaparant phase together : with a brown amorphous material which causes the talc to appear ; .dusty or turbid in thin section. Some fibrous chlorite (var. . . . sheridanite) occurs as small pockets intergrown with the talc. . Traces, of rutile and pyrlte occur. * * ' . ** JNJAZMjmOOOO-IOS Tig' 3a. Photomicrograph., x 24 mag.,. of thin section Zii under plane polarisedligEut showing a subhedral .pyxite metacryst Gblaekl in a matrix of compact granular magnesite with interstitial' foliaceous ` - talc Ctop central. . 1^ Pig; 8b. . \ Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section Ij'i under crosso^ ntools showing n pyrite motncryst (blatiL) in iii'.umldf iaU*ix, with foliaceous interstitial aggregata of talc (top centre) e Protected Document-Subjectto Protective order JN JABSJM M O OlO e Specimen lit? . A n aggregate of anhedral quartz as the main constituent with, minor interstitial muscovite and green chlorite {var. pannine} Fig. 9. The long muscovite laths show a preferred orientation. Chlorite occurs in interstitial pockets as randomly orientated platy grains. Some.epidote is present and'a trace of magnesite. / The chlorite- displays a pleochroism from light green to .brownish.-cream', and anomalous blue interference colours in .some cases. However, most of the chlorite grains display lower second order to upper first order interference- colours. - Thus a range of chlorite composition is probably represented > A I ' - i > i ': 9 "Fig. 9. Photomicrograph, x 40 mag., of thin section. Ij.2 wider crossed nicol.. #* * * Specimen X u ! ' - This specimen consists of an aggregate of mainly medium -grained platy to fibrous chlorite (var. sheridanite) and .eguigranular quart a.' Th.es two enclose ragged replacement residuals of ealcite and subhedral metacrysts of pyrlte with rare chalcoovrite. Prettcttd Doeumnt-3ub):t to P ro iw a vtO rd .r JNJAZ55_00000010r i i Fisg.'-la ~~ Photomicrograph., x 40 mag., of thin section .*13 under PPL showing subhedral pyrite meta- .. 7 crysts (black) in a matrix of dominantly ' chlorite and quartz with .minor calcite.' l ' j I .1 ' Protected D ocum .nt-6udj.ct to Protective Older . XX3 under XN showing chlorite (fibrous white ana greenish-grey) and calcite (coloured) enclosing subhedral gcalnu or pyrlLn (black). Equigranular grey grains are quartz. JN JA ZH JN S B 0 0 1 98 -- 14 'V * ' This specimen is dominantly composed of very coarse grained V; Magnesite enclosing minor amounts of talc and very minor' ; chlorite (var. sheridanite). The talc and. chlorite form pockets of radiating lamellar and foliaceouo crystals au in ; Figs. 11a, lib. *.v' % . *>. . -4 *. /r *'iv * f * i , .* . Fig.J 11a Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section It4 under PPL of coarse magnesite and .Intergranular pockets of 'dusty* and 'clear* talc. Pier.' lib Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section I14 , under XN of magnesite (greenish) and pockets o f radiating lamellar talo (blue, ournle. veil'ow)_ / n ja z b 6jooom oio8 & m c i w a iis& y " /' till specimen of wallxook is- a garnet-musoovite-quartz ' schist with minor green chlorite feioiite, and rare talc and feldspar (Figs. 12a and llh )". i , The garnet occurs as large.Cl~3mm diam.j porphyroblasts altered along irregular fractures to a mixture of greenish - chlorite, biotite, and sqme feldspar, and enclosed in a matrix composed- of orientated tabular grains of muscovite, forming elongated lenses, end alternating with 'mosaic1 granular quartz .containing randomly dispersed biotite and chlorite flakes. \ Fig' 12a Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section I isa UNDER PPL showing a large altered porphyroblast of garnet in a matrix of dominantly muscovite with ' minor quartz. Protected Document-Subject to Protective O lder JNJAZS5JW0M011D .22 1 V, * ** ' / *.u 4 I s v .* .* r X I Fig.: 12S . Photomicrograph., x 24- m a g . , of thin section . under crossed nicols. Garnet (Jblaolcl, Muscovite (dominantly purple.interference ' colours). Quartz (white and greys). I I t a *a V Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZBSJK)0000111  Specimen li g i . . ; " ' ' ' This specimen is dominantly composed of chlorite (var. sheridanite] and* quart as orientated aggregates producing ..a schistostty. Very minor amounts of magnesite and talc occur The talc occurs as thin laths. Intergrown with the chlorite (Fig 13b). Fiq.~ 13a -Photomicrograph., x40 mag., of thin section 13,5 under PPL showing the irregular hut preferred elongation of . , granular quarts segregations in a matrix of fibrous '.chlorite Tver" sheridanite). . .... . ... , i 13b-. Photomicrograph/ x 40 mag., of thin section I15 under y XN, composed of chlorite (fibrous white, groonish s gray, black.), quarts (granular white-grey-black), and talc (blua, red, and yellow interference colours). Protected D oeum cflt-Sutyect to Protective Order JN JAZ5S_OOOOOD112 I ' ... 24 Specimen' Ijg; . `first face inclusion' This specimen is composed of a medium grained aggregate of dominantly chlorite (var. sheridanite} and quartz, with. '.minor magnesite,' clinozois-ite/ talc,- and muscovite, a n d displaying a poor schistosity. Scattered euhedral to sub- \ hedral pyxite metacrysts occur as veil as medium grained crystal aggregates of rutile associated with clinozoisite forming' `stringers' parallel to the general schistosity of /. the rock, _ In the photomicrogreph of figure 14a the brownish speckled' areas are dominantly chlorite although in Figure 14b ...talc and. muscovite are more apparent because of their inter ference colours. Figure' 14a -Photomicrograph., x 40 mag., of thin section iia _ under PPL. ^ ` % 9 I } rm Protected Document-Subjoct to PtHle tiv t Orcter JNJAZS5 000006113 "FigVjiik'Piwtoaicrograph, x 40 mag., o f thin section Xi$ . under crossed nicols. A chlorite - quarts rock with-minor talc and muscovite, and accessory magnesite, clinozoisite, rutile and pyrite. Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order - i. JNJAZS6 000000114 `t -.r.1 . M i. * * Specimen: I1-71 ''footwall' \ . * . ' Thia specimen of footwall rock la a-muscovite-quartz- g'amet schist consisting Of long lenticular anhedral quartz aggregates. Both, are enclosing fx ietured and altered euhedral , porphroblasts of garnet. Accessory sphene also occurs as well as serpentine-quartz pseudomorphs after a miaural diu- playing rhombic and tabular suctionuv . , I ? W* * rtv C* ;1 .* V Pic.- 15a 1 Photomicrograph., x 24 mag./,of thin section 117 under PPL showing garnet euhedrain a matrix of segregated quartz and muscovite. . .. Fia. 15b -- Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section 1x7 under XN. Gafnet (black), quartz (white to grey), and muscovite (lamellar- and coloured). Protected Oocum cnt-Subjcct to Protective Order JN JA Z S6JH J000011S 27 . T i* ' rgpfeclmen Xyp: 'Face- 3, carbonate/talc* . . ' [ .' A coarse to medium grained aggregate of subhedral inter-, locking grains of magnesite with, minor talc occurring as scattered small interstitial clusters associated with, rare chlorite (var. sherldanite) and muscovite (Figs 16a, 16b), .v% sv r . . ! V ! I*. 'Fla. 16a Photomicrograph, x 24 mag,, of thin section H 8 under PPL of granular magnesite with., scattered tabular crystals and clusters of tale. i '.Fig. -16b Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section Iig under. .XN of granular magnesite (high, order interference colours, `and scattered tabular crystals and clusters of talc' (top right, coloured) and rare chlorite , (white.to blue-grey.colours). i I Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJA2NL.00000011S M : I 40 Specimen Ito: / /./yc$WY, < t : ''h "'-' This specimen consists of an aggregate of coarse grained anhedral magnesite intergrown with solitary bladed crystals and crystal aggregates of /associated with minor amounts of fine fibrous talc and rare anhedral grains of quartz (Pigs. l-7a, 17b). ; . , - r ` " *. . > 4 . Fig. 17a Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin, section of r19 under PPL, showing coarse bladed tremolite intergrown with very coarse grained magnesite. Pier. 17b Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section I^g under crossed nicols showing coarse bladed , tremolite and' anhedral coarse-grained magnesite with minor small fibrous aggregates of talc 1 , (top left).. Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ66_000000117 ! t r! I \ -l * \ JL- & 'S p e d i n e I?!i' 'Inclusion, face 2*., ' > ;. . Specimen I21 Is composed of a fine' grained interlocking aggregate of anhedral magnesite, as the major constituent, . associated with scattered laths and interstitial fine-grained ' ' fibrous aggregates of very minor talc (Figs. 16a and 18b), . r Fig, 1 8 a . Photomicrograph, x 24 mag*, of thin section 121 . under PPL, Magnesite w i t h rare talc,' - r- 'Fig. X8b Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section l2i ... under crossed niools. Magnesite with rare talc Protected Docum wit-sutyaetto Protective order JH JAZS0_o6oOOO1 18 'V . SPclmen Isa . ,*. , . "v ; i* 30 -i ` \ ., ' V . . ?v..y- ' This specimen Is dominantly composed of coarse subhedral to euhedral Interlocking grains-of magnesite associated with .intergranular fibrous clusters of talc which often enclosesmeller euhedral magnesite grains- (Fig- 19). i - - v * Fig. 19 Photomicrograph, x 24 magnfication, of. thln section 122 under plae polaxised light. Magnesite. jand interstitlal aggregates of tale. r* 1. t -i * ** Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JN JA ZS 6 JJ00000118 at Specimen: x<m i -'Black. Gneiss 2* below tale vein1 Specimen 123 consists dominantly of medium grained anhedral interlocking quart as orientated bands enclosing large mlcro- 1 cltfae anhedra and anhedral aggregates. Scattered platy . aggregates, of muscovite occur orientated parallel to the general . . direction of tKe quarts banding. Minor .epidoto and chlovitn . "V .*io occur. (Pigs. 20a. and 20b).. ' : f 1; i, . i. Y I ' I I * . .1 F i c . 2 0 a Photomicrograph* x 24 mag., of thin section I23 Pig. 2Qb Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section I23 under XN. Quartz--muscovite--microcline gneiss. Protected Doeumerrt-SubjMt to Protective Order JNJAZMJMOOOOIM \ " * t ' I.; kI,. *C i l. *Specimen ise-iv&iffice 2, Talc next to carbonate1 ---- " .. . This specimen of talc ore consists dominantly of coarse fibrous talc with minor chlorite (var. sheridanite) occurring .1.. as small lenticular fibrous aggregates within the main mass of . talc {Figs. 21a and 21b). A few small subhedra of garnet are present. As in previous specimens there are two forms of talc presents (1) a talc that in thin section appears brown (Fig.21a) .under plane polarised light due to finely dispersed .dusty inclu sions of a transparant mineral and a brown amorphous material, V (2) a clear transparent talc free of inclusions which appears to have*boon formed at the expense of tho other by somomctuuomutic * 'cleansing1 process. Talc crystals in.optical continuity can bo .- seen to change sharply from 'dusty** brown talc to tho clour talc. ' n . . . . * Fie21a Photomicrograph/ x 24 m a g . , of thin section 124 under " p p l . `Dusty* and clear tele enclosing small lenticular aggregates of chlorite. .. .X L - Specimen : I> s. . This specimen o footwall rock, cpnsists of an interlocking ' .aggregate of medium grained anhedral quartz enclosing occasional large anhedra of aicrocllne feldspar (Figs. 22a,22b ) . Minor ` ' magnesite occurs as pockets interstitial to the quartz, and also .scattered. laths of muscovite. Green chlorite (ponnlne)and epidote occur in.trace amounts. ' I Fie. 22a Photomicrograph, x 24 mag./ of thin.section 125 tinder 77 .PPL; dominantly a quartz-microcline rock with, minor muscovite and rare Pennine and epidote. 0 / Pig/ 22b Photoraiqrogrph, x 24 mag., of thin section I25 under XK '. Protected Docum tnt-Subjcctto Protective ordor JNJAZS8_M0000122 t 34 l* . Specimen l2fi ` * * . ' '` * This specimen contains chlorite/ talc' magnesite and futile. '.One part of the.thin section consisted of a massive coarse fibrous and feathery aggregate of talc enclosing pockets of coarse, magnesite. This texture graded into one which was . dominantly fine grained' 'chlorite (ver. sheridanite) intimately <-*. intergrown, with minor quantities of fibrous and platy talc (Fig. 23) `as well as scattered small squigranular and rod-shaped rutil#e.crystals..* *.*'" * .1 ... . . W .., * .. * . H .* v , t.* .*;* f*v >yjq-.is'23. Photomicrography x 40 mag. , of thin section IzS vndar crossed niois showing minor talc (coloured) inti- ' stately lntergrown with major chlorite. ' - t. Protected Docum ant-dutytcita Protective Order . <? JNJAZBSJMKM01Z1 Specimen. 127 '.39 . Specimen I27 is dominantly coapofeed of duartz, chlorite (var. sheridanite) and talc (Pigs. 24a and 24b). t EIH !-- .. lenticular baniia of course fuuthury talc ami chlorite altornatu .with anhedral granular interlocking aggregates of quartz, ' Scattered inclusions of rutiie and oniUoto occur, au well uu occasional large m l c r o c l l n ^ iinheUra. * * \ . ^ -VJ ` ? ' ( V *ay Pig. 24a V Photomicrograph, x 40 mag., of thin section I27 under PPL, showing e fibrous and feathery aggregate of talc and chlorite enclosing anhedral segregations f quartz. Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order Photomicrograph., 'x .40 mag., of thin section 127 under XN. JNJAZ5SJ000000124 \ a ** ..; ` ; * '.\r- C " .' '. .-36 ' ' Specimen X?q i 1 t \ - " 1 Specimen 129 la-'a' gneiss icjock: consisting of segregated . ' bends of medium to fine interlocking' .`nhedral quartz grains .alternating with minor muscovite as' orientated platy clusters ' and-enclosing large microcline anhedra. Some rare Pennine Pic. 25a Photomicrograph, x 24 m ag., of thin section I29 under .PPXfj quartz,, muscovite, and microcline (top left) \ -J Pic. 25b Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin sootion*I29 undor \ XH. Protected Doctunwit-Sutyect to Proteetlv* Orcter JNJAZSS_000000126 i; IT i ! *:. t f . . - * ` i *t Specimen I-n > .- A --Z Specimen 131 is a muscovite-quartz schist containing minor Pennine, sphene a n d . , ^ ' '' . The rock is dominantly made up of coarse orientated lamellar segregations of muscovite intcrgrown with flakau of minor grotm. ..ish brown chlorite (pennine) and unulouing uuheilr.ii to uuLiiiudr.tl grains of sphene. Minor interlocking' fine to medium grained " quartz segregations occur altornatlng with tha muucovito bands. Hexagonal sections, of an amphiboly, probably trcmolito, occur dispersed in. the muscovite matrix. K.; \ . '{I ' ' * " Piq. 26a Photomicrograph, x 40 mag., of thin, section 131 under ppLj. muscovite-quart2 schist. * 4 Pic." 26b Photomicrograph, x 40 mag., of thin section I31 . under X N ; muscovite-quartz' schist. Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JN JA Z5 5JK 0 0g l26 2 J Specimen I-o . This specimen consists of coarse feathery lenticular aggre< gates of dominantly* chlorite Cvar. sheridanite) intimately . intergrown with minor amounts of talc (Figs. 27a. and 27b). "Small inclusions of rutile occur along the boundaries (shear planes) between the chlorite aggregates and also along chlorite cleavage planes. Finely dispersed aubmicroscopic dusty inclusions of an .unidentified phase similar to that found .in talc;occur in the chlorite. .. ' pic. 27a . Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section I32 under XN. Feathery aggregates of sheared chlorite (white to greenish grey to black) with minor talc (coloured). * Wist* 37b Photomicrograph* x 24 mag.* of thin section I32 under XN. Finer grained chlorite `talc mixture* Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order t'+* \ I m\:j '->';. *. p i i. f ' 39 Specimen I n This specimen of talc ore consists of a medium to fine grained' randomly orientated intergrowth, of dominantly, talc with, .minor chlorite Cvar. sheridanite); The chlorite is Intimately mixed with the talc (Fig. 28), Some pockets, of coarse interlocking anhedrai magnesite grains occur enclosed by' the talc-chlorite matrix. * * / . v * . / . . . .. '.'.V - . . > ':** ': ' f 1. . . Fig, .28 Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section I33 under XN. Protected Docum.nt--8ubJ.et to Protoettv. Ordor 1 jN J A Z 56_OOOO0O128 r* .V/V' 'j V-` > : .40 Specimen I35 ' .... This specimen consists dominantly of magnesite as a very coarse to medium grained interlocking aggregate of euhedral to subhedral grains. Minor tremolits occurs as long prismatic . . crystals forming interstitial clusters, and as solitary crystals penetrating the magnesite and along the grain bound aries of the magnesite. Minor chlorite (Var. sheridanite) and . ... . .rare1t'aic occur associated with the tremolite segregations. /- 'CFigs. 29a, 29b). r.*.. - ` fie. 29a Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section I35 under PPL. Magnesite-tremolite-chlorite-talc rock. 1i . 1 I- Flo.* ~29b .Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section 13s under XN, Prirsmatic tremolito in magnesite in the extinction Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJA256 000000129 L . 4 . \> . !\ ' I % Specimen Iv7 This specimen consists dominantly of magnesite with-minor talc The magnesite ooours as an aggregate of very large magnesite anhedra enclosed, by finer grained subhedral magnesite which, is intergrown with feathery Intergranular clusters of talc CPig. 301. ? . \ *>!**Tr:*.* - * * I . I . . : il 4 \ ! 30 Photcmicrograph, of thin section X37, x 24 mag. under XN showing the finer intergranular magnesite - associated with small laths of tale (fibrous and , coloured}. 4 . . \ j * Protected Docum tnt-eubjtct to Protective order JNJAZ&S 000000130 42 ; Specimen Ita This specimen is dominantly.composed of talc forming coarse feathery aggregates intimately intergrown with minor finer grained chlorite (var. sheridnite} and containing fine disseminated inc lusions of rutile. Occasional fine grained quartz as well as larger oval-shaped augen of quartz and rare garnet occur scattered throughout the talc matrix. The talo is for the most part crowded with inclusions, as in previous sections, but elongate areas of 'clean1 talc occur as In Fig* 31a . . - Fig 31 Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section 139 under P PL.. I Fig.1 31b Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section I39, under XN Protected D oeuin.nt-8ubj:t io Protective Order JNJAZSSJWOqO0131 . ...? ,s i .' 9J. % x- `Specimen'' I^i : U This specimen of talc ore consists of a coarse aggregate ' of feathery talc intimately intergrown with minor chlorite (var. sheridanite), and enclosing rare large porphyroblasts of subhedral garnet which occasionally contain long prismatic inclusions of tremolite (Fig.32a). . I * jJ Fig. 32a Photomicrograph, x 24 mag., of thin section I41 - _> under XN. Feathery aggregate of talc'with, garnet . porphyroblast (bottom right,, black). . j i 4 t Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order INJAZ66 000000132 . V * i. **. ' * ' 1 r'-*is. . .s : ^ :v.'. 44 Specimen I42> *No.l Face, green coloured' v 1 M t , i. /. - . Specimen 142 consists dominantly of'an aggregate of fine grained fibrous chlorite (var. sheridanite) intimately intergrown .with minor very fine grained talc as in Fig. -.33, ' Z*- *iv * * *\* ~4 * * . * * * . '* .r i . '.-A . W. jf :;V v i!.; -jr*' ; % . . , ..v^, 's * ^ h* ju * ' it..,*..-, , . >, .a ^ \ <* v. , .w . ,i . ; . i, t , *% u V V*** ,t* * 5 . . j .1 v *%..* .. V * . ' r ; i.- 'Fia. 33 Photomicrograph., x 24' mag., of thin section X42 under -crossed nicols of chlorite (white, greenish grey,, black), and fine grained talc (yellow}. Protected Docum oflt-BubjMt to Protective Ordar JNJAZS5_000000133 . ti'' v* *^ '*rI*'.8,f 1*\ \\....'.* .. .ak ! % , * .. **% rt. < v "v. -'! 7 7r. `-'' S '7'7,:v. ; - : v : * . ,--v 'Specimen' 1 4 31 'Face 10 fibrous sample1 . . Specimen I43 consists dominantly o f chlorite (var. ''Sheridanite), occurring in the form of a coarse sheared ` fibrous aggregate intimately intergrown with very minor talc -as in Figure 34. j..,\ * ` > w.j J ..* : V. v. ' . , -- v ' .* ' . M , ' . R; *' t 1 **. . ,** * " I .*' . . . r. fig* I ! Photomicrograph, x 40 mag,, of thin section I43 unde crossed nicols showing doformod fibrous chlorite (white-greenish grey-black) intergrown with platy and prismatic crystals of talc (coloured), Specimen lias As for I43 the specimen consisted dominantly of* chlorite . Cvar. sheridanite) with very minor talc. The 'cross fibre' t type texture found in I43 and produced by sheering at right angles to the schistosity was absant in specimen X43&* / . i ^ v /I' , Protteted Doeiiinciit-Suisjaet to Protective Order JNJAZ55 000000134 46 Specimen X u ` 'First fact pure talc* ' & coarse aggregate of lamellar talc showing a preferred orientation and. enclosing augen of what! "appears to be an Intimate intergrowth, of Quartz and serpentine (FigV 35). Both v talc crowded with, fine unidentified inclusions and 'dear* U talc are present. See also description for I45. > , j i *' " 5 S S S b ^ S Photomicrograph, x 24 m a g , , .of section* I44 under crossed nicbls showing coarse lamellar talc enclosing rare anhedral segregations of probable serpentine-quartz composition. 1 i * Protected Document-Bufcject to Protective Order . .- 4* ' v . > y .. % - * . JNJA2S5_0000001$5 s toggJja^XiSi 'No.l good specimen1 -V-- .a v . - - . -.Vi" ' , * ! * * * . .< , * This specimen of `talc ore*- consists nearly wholly of fialo bccurring in the form of a randomly orientated 'matted* aggregate of-fibrous talc enclosing minor quartz-serpentine augen. As in previous sections the talc is rendered murky . or dusty by fine inclusions of a brown amorphous material :and ,an unidentified transparent phase. In places the talc has been cleansed of these inclusions along zones which appear to be independent of any intergrowth, or crystallographic .features' of- the talc (Fig* 36}. r,1'. i \ i- * ! i r -Fia. -36 - Photomicrograph, x 24 m ag., of thin specimen X45 4 under crossed niois showing the form.of aggre- cation of the talc and the difference between tbs `murk* talc and the linear transgressive zone of :'v v : . `clear1`talc. * * * : * * * ... * ''.. *| ' * . _ * ,* . * . . .. . * . t* . . . . ..*... . il P roteeM Doeumnt-BubJ*ct to ProtoeBv* Order JNJAZBSJMMWOOIM - - w. i V .n * A . S'*- 48 Specimen l it* '`No; 3 facer coloured1 ` This specimen consists of very coarse lenticular aggregates of longfibrous and feathery talc crystals' enclosing rare anhedral porphyroblasts 6% garnet.- **. *.S. t. ' , rL \ r . i -t . i' i, t *,x ,* v ** V- '1 ' ,,'J: ' 1 *, 1 / ' " "s 'i. . ' -.>V*. >. *./', ' -'.i w"-V ?**.?- '4I . i 4.`..A V." * .../ v. A;".; -,v " ' ! w'r- '*/r's1. ~ ; ..' i 1 .. -V. ' i- . ; | ;; t . ,. f . :r Protocttd Documnt-Sub)ct to Protcctlvt Older i /. JNJAZB6_M00001J7 ' . : r .. J I .w\ I : r: i . DIGESTIVE TESTS To confirm the presence of acid soluble carbonate material and also to help identify the type of carbonate present in the rode specimens collected,each powder specimen was subjected to a digestive test. ' , . t * . -Ealf gram quantities of each, of the powders were treated with, normal hydrochloric acid for several hours at approximately 70C. The residues were reweighed and the filtrates were analysed for their calcium and magnesium content using the EEL, 240 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The aim of the digestion was not to estimate the total acid soluble fraction only to help establish the carbonate minerals present and t o .' estimate roughly their quantity-to help interpret the X-ray powder photographs obtained from the samples. The results are present under* three headings, namely 'Rock. Types1, 'Carbonate Specimens', and 'Talc Specimens'. . . .It can be seen-that only small quantities of carbonate . material are present in the talc specimen group, similarly in the rock, specimens with the exception of the marble specimen . which is practically 100% caloite. The carbonate group of specimens appear to be mixtures of calcium and magnesium carbonate with a number of specimens being possible dolomites. < s . ** * - `i I .. . . ' I Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZMJW OPOOIU  y \ '} ' . . i.'i i .. ... . 1 m Specimen Mo. At 11 Jrr; r . -\ . sS-^1 ??" . J. .. 17 112 113 115 .116. ."*' * 117- 120 ' ..1 123 . 125 . 127 * ', .129 * 131 * ' .j;*.**/* 134 {, / * . , , t. . " Specimen MO. s r. V . 1\ \s * * .14 16 111 114 118 119 121 122 < 130 135 137 OCK TYPES Weight . Loss- <0 .2% ! 3.0% <0 .2% 4.2 6.0% ` 4.8% ' 6.0% 11.2% 1.4% 1 22.4% . 9.0% . -3.6% 9.6%. 92.2% % . Calcium <0 .2% , <0.2% <0 .2% . 1.0% <0 .2%. 2.0% <0.2% . < 0 .2% <0 .2% : <0.2% . <0.2% ; <0 .2%' .<0 .2% >20.0% . . CARBONATE SPECIMENS % Weight . LOSS 22.6% 48.0% 21.6% 44.2% 75.2% 37.81 61.8% 91.2% 15-.0% 50.8% 51.0% % Calcium 3.0% . 6.0% . 3.0% 7.0% 14.0% 5.0% 8.4% . . 16.0% 1.9% 6.6% 4.4% 1 Magnesium . <0 .2% <0 .2% <0 .2% 0.4% ! 0.4% ' 0.4% <0 .2% .<0 .2% . < 0 .2% . <0 .2% <0 .2% <0 .2% .'<0 *2% . <0.2% .% Magnesium 1 .1% 1.15% 6.4% 5.0% 24.0% 4.0% 8.0% 15.2% 1.6% 13.4% 24.0% .1 . t* , .* ** , ' * ' * . . i : ` * * . /* * : , i i .Specimen No-. 12 13 15 , I8T 19 110 X24 126 128 132 . 133 . 136 `, 4 Protected Deeum .nt-6ut^ectto ProteeHv. Ordw TALC SPECIMENS % Weight . Loss 3.6% . 1.6% 5.4% .6.0% . <0 .2% 4.2% 8.0% .< 0 .2% 12.6% 4 1.21 5.6% .4.61 . 4 * * , % , * . % Calcium Magnesium <0 .2% <0 .2% <0 .2% <0 .2% <0 .2% < 0 .2% <0 .2% . <0.2% <0 .2% ' <0 .2% 0.34% :< 0.2% 0.4% <0 .2% <0.2% <0 .2% <0 .2% <0 .2% <0 .2% <0 .2% <0 .2% 0.4% <0 .2% <0 .2% /Continue^... JNJAZB5 0000001S1 vv ^ . . I */ TA SPECIMENS (.Continued) SI ' .. ;ki t * V- . i: ! I ! *m * . . . Specimen No. % Weight .. . Lose . . * * * I38; 139 140 .. 141 . . . 42 . 143 . `144. .145. ' i.o* <0 .2% .7.0% <0-.2% 0 .8% 6.2 : <0.2% , 8.0% *. Calcium <0.2% <0 .2% <0 .2% : <o,.2% <0 .2% <0 .2% . <0 .2% . <0.2% % Magnesium <0 .2% <0 .2% . <0.2% . <0.2% . <0.2% . <0.2% t <0.2%. .<0 .2% . - < . 1 i1- ;1. . ` . > Protected D ocu m .n t-S u b J.ate P ro tects. O rdtr JMJAZ8S_000000140 52 M Electron Microscope Examination of Italian Mine Samples and Imported Batch Shipments of Italian Powder , -.1 ' \H .r N; i ' ' The main purpose of the lectron microscope examination mine samples and also representative fractions of the Italian powder has been to establish whether or hot any particles corresponding to the commercial forms of asbestos . Were present. The electron microscope is an instrument which is most usefully employed in the examination of particles less than ten microns in size. It has been used in this investi- . 'gation therefore to examine only the finer particulate portion of the Italian samples. It may be argued that only a small fraction of each of the powdered samples was examined and that this was not representative of the total sample. However, we can assume that the fraction examined was representative of the dust formed from each sample and that it is this finer fraction which is the most important from a biological stand point. Also as the size of the biologically active commercial asbestos particles fall entirely within the particle size range examined we can consider the main aim of the examination to be entirely satisfied by only looking at the finer fractions from each of the Italian samples.. To acquaint ourselves with the type of particles formed by the commercial asbestos minerals, Figs. A-D have been included. They represent samples of Amositey Crocidolite, Anthophyllite and Chrysotile-asbestos. Also Figs. E-F have been inserted to demonstrate typical single particle electron diffraction patterns which can be obtained from the four asbestos types for comparison with patterns obtained from the Italian samples. Sample Preparation Small portions of the powdered rock samples and imported powder specimens were placed in I5cc centrifuge tubes to which distilled water was added. The powders were then dispersed first by hand shaking and then with the aid of a small ultra sonic bath. The concentration of suspended material in the tubes was adjusted by eye using dilutions of distilled water. The tubes containing suspended solids were then allowed to stand for 20 minutes to allow the larger particles of mineral to sediment to the bottom of the tubes. Electron microscope grids coated with carbon films.were prepared and small drops of the particulate material from each of the specimen tubes were mounted on specimen grids and allowed to dry. _ The specimens were inserted into an a .e .I. E.M.6. electron microscope and examined for. particles resemb ling commercial asbestos fibres. Where suitable particles were . observed, selected area electron diffraction patterns were taken and compared with those produced by the commercial asbestos minerals. In all cases photomicrographs representative of the type of particles found in each sample were taken while interesting diffraction patterns were also recorded. Protect) Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ65JXJ0000141 .Particle Morphology The carbonate rich materials were found to produce pmpact particles which were very electron dense. On the whole they were finer particles than those obtained after crushing talc rich specimens. No fibrous material whatsoever was found when carbonate material only was comminuted. The morphology of particles produced from the footwall rocks i.e. limestone, marble, .gneiss and the amphibolites were also very compact, although in the gneiss specimen platey parti cles. were present probably representing the muscovite content of the specimen. Again in the footwall rock specimens, fibrous particles were very scarce'. Those lath like partir . d e s detected resembled the amphibole minerals rather than chrysotile. Selected area diffraction patterns which were obtained from the lath like particles in no way resembled the typical amphibole fibre diffraction pattern. They were generally very distorted patterns containing streaks rather than spots indicating a rather stressed and deformed material. The. specimens which were composed of talc together with other mineral associations, presented a very different picture, as far as particle shape was concerned. In the main parti cles were flat and plate-like, some being very thin and translucent in the electron beam. Particle sizes varied from very small tp quite large plates some with very sharp discrete edges, others with rather ragged outlines. Comparing parti cles from those samples of talc which varied in bulk morphology in -hand specimens, no observable difference could be drawn between them. Similarly, a comparison of particles produced from talc specimens of varying colour revealed no differences in the overall particle shape. Similarly those specimens rich in chlorite did not form particles with any distinctive features. There were, however, observable differences in particle morphology, between individual powder specimens. In the main most produced good plate like particles, however, one or two specimens were found to contain considerable numbers of lath like particles, these being very thin in character. These particles resembled the amphibole asbestos type particle being less regular and also very much larger in projected diameter. Diffraction patterns from these particles matched ^those obtained from the platy particles with which they were asso ciated and in no way resembled the typical amphibole diffrac tion pattern obtained from single amphibole asbestos fibres. Other fibrous particles were observed in the mainly talc specimens which to some extent resembled chrysotile asbestos fibres rather than amphibole minerals. They often had a somewhat textile appearance but were, however, crystalline. Diffraction patterns from these fibres were very distorted and in.no way matched typical chrysotile or amphibole patterns. JNJAZ66JX10000142 The only group of .specimens in which, amphibole fibres were confirmed were in those specimens with known amphibole composition'. However, even the fibres found in these speci mens barely resembled the fibres formed by the commercial amphibole asbestos minerals. To assess the particles produced , from the pure amphibole minossi CTremolite) ,found in three of the specimens, small crystals of the mineral were taken from the hand specimens and crushed separately. An examination of the-finer particles produced revealed stubby electron dense .fibres associated with irregular lumps of the same mineral.. Diffraction patterns from these fibres were similar to those obtained from the commercial amphibole minerals, although they .were more difficult to obtain because of the greater thickness of these particles. Other specimens in the group, which did not contain talc but were composed of sheet silicate minerals' mainly muscovite, were also practically free of fibrous parti.cles. . There appeared to be no general tendency for these other'minerals to form fine fibrous particles. A number of ;very fine short fibres were observed on grids prepared from several of the talc specimens, these were, however, chance small pieces t o m from the edges of talc plates. They appeared in those samples which, had a tendency to form copiua numbers of very fine particles when subjected to comminution. The specimens examined can be grouped into four categories on the basis of particle morphology and they are as follows: . .(a) Talc specimens with impurities of carbonate and chlorite. Q il .Rock type specimens, i.e. footwall limestone etc. (cl Those specimens composed mainly of carbonates. Oil Amphibole specimens with carbonate and talc. The talc specimens were characterised by the large number of plate like particles often translucent in the electron beam. Rock specimens varied from specimens which were composed mainly of compact electron dense particles to those with some sheet silicate content in which plate like particles become apparent. Those specimens composed mainly of carbonate material produced compact rounded particles, often very small and grouped to gether in aggregates. Finally the specimens containing amphi bole were characterised by the compact nature of the particles with evenly distributed fibres and very few translucent plates. The groups of particles described are illustrated by the. foll owing micrographs which illustrate the various forms. Selected area electron diffraction patterns obtained from single particles of the amphibole mineral are also presented showing the*similarity of these patterns to-those obtained from commercial asbestos fibres. Also included are single crystals patterns and polycrystalline patterns, from talc, chlorite and -muscovite rich specimens. It can be seen that they are very different in character to thos obtained from the amphibole mineral. . However, patterns from the sheet silicate minerals mentioned above are all very similar and it is impossible to identify each of these minerals from their JNJA256_000000143  n.v-'.*'.. .* ' ., S.` ... . ' '' ", `/4'V*." * 1 `A*. .v . .. .v V - *. . 55; . i. . / .. : , ; . ' ti i i f . \. . -. K. V . . .. - . ^ .IVV; > .. . electron diffraction patterns or to tell them apart without applying a more sophisticated approach to the diffraction procedure. With specimen tilt facilities enabling the particle to be rotated through ore than 45<> discrimination Is possible between certain of, these minerals. .( ' * \ V.i" As mentioned' earlier, patterns obtained from lath like particles found in the talc specimens were identical to those ?. . observed from general plate like forms. Those fibres with a-,textile like appearance often only'gave very streaked patterns but in one or two cases these also resembled very closely tba normal tala pattern* i:V .**. `ili . . . * * *v . ,! v ***' * ,* % *' \* * *, !'.y y s ;.-v, y > ; e .'* ', * /. . ' ' . * * *' >1. ' '>. / . V .\-\v *. ** * * `i ^ ^ ** * i 4 v fci .. i < f i. < Protected Documnt-Subjctio Protaetiv* Order 4 \ " JNJAZSS_000000144 V , k ' , / * " . V '; ' Examples of Commercial Amphibole* and Chrysotiie asbestos particles together with, typical selected area election diffraction patterns. ; v '\'V " \ r\I ,X* , : --v. , i: : - '. k :=' * . ` ` *'. *'v.}. }v.-S:-y,--v- .-. V-" t . Chrysptlle asbestos particles x 3000- imM- \ '* Anthophylllto asbestos particles x 3000 Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZSS 00000014S V - junosite asbestos partilas x 3000 ; * Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order Crocidolit.asbestos particles x 3000 i ' * JNJAZS5_000000146 .A f . .# i Aroptiibola Asbestos selectedarea electron disaebion pafafcariL I. ! 4 . 'Chxysotiie asbestos selected ere ' electron diffraction pattern.- < . Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZHJM 00M 147 : !* ** a . * ,v.) i* -\ \ 4 ... .> f{- * .* * : :t '" Electron micrograph* of part I d a s produced from specimens which, have been classified as r o c k ' ,V types. . j i I . : i i l*. i Protected Documnt" *ub}ctto Protective Order JNMZM JM000014S  % {' I .t U s L k * Specimen. 113 seam inclusion showing passage into, talc X' 3000. Thf particles are mainly compact and electron dense. 'A few flakes, no fibres present. P retecM D ecunM nt-Butytet P rotect* . O rd .r Specimen I13. Talc footwall contact.- x 3000. Compact particles with a few small flakes. No fibres present. t V 5 JNJAZ55.00000014 MV Fig. -3. Specimen lifi. Lithological inclusion from Face 1 . x 3000. Compact electron dense particles. Mo fibres present.' i' ... % Fig. 4 . Specimen I17. Footwall rock sample, x 3000. Mainly compact particles produced with a few }. plate like forms. Protected Documn-6ubJ(to Piwtecflve Order JHJAZ85_000000150 ' M * ' v * * . *f*s * * * * ' * f fc .to '2 M W M iM M e n B e N ia d v i ^ *- Specimen 123, .black gneiss, 2ft below talc seen, x 3000. Compaat electron dense ' particles produced. -ry.' . . ' ' Fig. 6. . P M m M Documnt-Subjct to Protective Order Specimen 125. Fpotwall limestone, Compact electron dense particles. x 3000. JNJAZfS_0000001S1 vT-J S'.-f/.v' * *.. *4 , * . . s' *` *"s' * '. * V;. V. ; : . ; .*' * !*.* .* \ /i> / . VV''1' ` 63 ' ,~L *' '.*.* . , ** -** 1 . '.r * * ; *% ;,V .. ?? V;'; ; 3 S - ; /** ,. y.* *. < i ;.: .*;*'*' ** ** .. J . * 4`* fcn'W';{&'<'. A1'iv.nfe- * *< 1* \ I ' l .< >>* *,{ 1 f t - -f: *r % Fig. 7 Specimen 127 Lithological inclusion face 1. X 3000. Platea electron dense particles. " NO fibres. * . ft > liSi-l t ' Prottettd Documt-Bubj*ct to Protectivt Order Specimen 129* Sample 6 Footwall, x 3000 Compact electron dense particles with a few JN JAZS5JW K0iaZ l. Specimen I3 1 . Black inclusion face l; x 3000 A mixture of plate-like and compact forms mainly electron danse in oharacter. I ! * to e Protected Document-Subject to Proactive Order Specimen if34. Marble from tunnel wall, x 3000 Mainly compact electron dense particles with a few.plate-like forms. JNJAZCSJH0001S I- J J *4 ! I* f . *. : 1 i >i i t i t .' V * %*i s ' * .Electrn micrograph* of partici produced- from those specimens mainly composed of carbonate minerals. . .) I \ Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order / . ^ * t <JNJAZSSJD000001$4 Specimen X u . Carbonate inclusion with, some talo x 3000. Partilas consist of a mixture of compact and plate-like forms. ./ m Ei-i Specimen 1x4 Inclusion in' talc seam Face 4, Granular particles t 'i middle of seam, with, plate-like x 3000, types and lath-lik forms. Prot4Cl,d 0oeumnt-6iit^eet to P ro ltc v .O rd .r JNJAZS8JMOOO01S6 .Flq.;3 Specimen Iis* Carbonate/talc sample, x 3000 . Partial, compact and electron dense. 'A . few plate-like forms. m i r ; . Fig. 4 . i I I . . . Protec ted Document-Subject to Protective Order Specimen 121. inclusion from Face 2. x 3000. This specimen produced plate-like and compact particles with, some lath-like forms. JNJA*_0000001W & U -V .. ` O ' .< .I. Fio 5. Specimen 35- Massive carbonate from rear . m eOnfdUl AoVAff ' W woUrfkk il nngf, x* 3000 C-o-mpfc-a-c-t-electron dense 3particl`es wi-th- some plste-like talc part'i`eales. ' I Fig. 6. . Specimen I37* Carbonate in talc inclusion ... x 3000. Compact particles together with :'1* some plats-llke forms and rolled talc sheets. i Protected Document-Subject to Protective order JNJAZSB_000000167 Electron Micrograph* of specimens of talo With, carbonate and' other mineral inclusions. .i Protected Docum ent-SubjectIo Protective Order JNJAZS5_000000158 .W . Fig. 1 Specimen. 1 3 . Colourad talc (Green) x-3000. Particles plate-like. Fair fibres, rolled -sheets and sherds. . Flc. 2. Specimen I5 . General ore, x 3000. Plate-like .particles together with, short lath.-like particles, also a typical example of textile r" ; type fibre. Prottem i Docutn*m-Sufa)*ctto Protective O rti JN JAZS50000M 15S frig 3 Specimen Xg. Massive tale, x 3000. Plata' _.lifca particles with a few lath- forms also typical textile type long fibre. $ i- t * . gig. 4. . ' Specimen 19. Grey talc First Face, x 3000. Practic ally all plate-like with a few . lath forms. Protected Documnfc-SubJet to Protective Order JNJA2B5J300000160  -'l (B rt *. Protected Doeum cnt-Subjcctte Protecflva Outer .Specimen 124 Talc next to carbonate inclusion x 3000. This specimen was found to contain a large (number of lath-like particles, as can be seen from the micrograph above. No diffraction pattern' corresponding with an ainphibole fibre was obtained from a selection of the elongated particles. <MJAZ5s_oeewoisi fig. 7 . Specimen 126. Coloured talc inclusions, x 3000. The particles produced from the various coloured .. inclusions in the talc were found to be mainly ` plate-like with a few lath forms. Fig, 8. - Specimen 128. Talc/Quartz specimen, x 3000. Particles from this specimen were mainly plate like but accompanied by more compact opaque . particles, A few textile type fibres were Observed. Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ66_00000012 -v- > pig 9 ' Specimen 132* Face 2 inclusion from base of ...talc seam, x-3000. The specimen produced a mixture of .irregular particles varying from compact to plate-like in form with, a few. lath, like particles. ` Flq.iO. Specimen 133. Talc from lower left end of working 3000. Particles mainly plate-like with some lath, forms. .s Protected D ocum ent-**) to Protective Order JNJAZM_0000Q01S3 gitf..' :11. Specimen. 135* Pyrite/Talc specimen, x 3000. s * Plate-like particles with, some rolled tubes `..'-rof talc* !- , . - ' .1 ... y.t; . - \m s 1 2 . Specimen 139. 5" - O coloured pieces frdn the arusher, x 3000 ` These various coloured talc pieces produced only plate-like particles. Protected Document-Subject to ProtoeHv Order JNJAZSSJD000001M j i Pig. 13 Specimen 141. Pace 2, good talc specimen x 3000. Plate-like particles together with, rolled talc sheets lath, forms and textile type fibres. Pig. 14. Specimen-142. Face 1/ green coloured talc, x 3000. This cqloured specimen produced plate-like parti cles which were rather'more electron dense. - - v Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ5S_00000016S gig 15. Specimen I4 3 . Face 10. Fibrous looking hand specimen, x 3000. This sample was found to be practically all plate-like in form. l Protected Document-Subject to Protect! Order JN JAZS5JW M 0016S Specimen 145. Face 1. Good talc specimen, X 3000. A mixture of plate^like particles and fibrous forms, including rolled tubes and textile type fibres* .. r ''' SiSj-Jl* Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ65_S000001S7 | ,'v , .Electron Micrographs of particles produced from ; v` those specimens containing amphibole mineral and . r also from the amphibole mineral itself* Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ5B_00000018 gig 1 Specimen Iig. Tremolite/catbonate talc sample x 3000. Compact particles,a few lath, forms present. level. 1212. x 3000. Compact particles with numerous lath forms. Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ5S_000000189  C'k \ " ' i : t*. & ,(i %k 4 ' CJ* Flc[S. 3 and 4 __ PartiGj.es produced from single crystals of tremolite extracted from specimens Iig and 120* * 3000. Very few fibrous particles were produced when this specimen was crushed. Those that were fibrous in nature were thick and stubby in character, less than 50% of the particles were elongated in shape* Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ66 000000170  jFica. 5 and 6 4 Protected Doeumtnt-Subjoet to Protective Order Selected area electron diffraction patterns obtained from amphibole particles found in specimens'119 20 JNJAZSS 000000171 .?. : . *\ ,,t Fig. 7 . typical selected ara diffraction pattern obtained from talo plates - 'Fi 8 Selected area diffraction pattern obtained < / * 1 from a typical textile type fibre shoving features of a rotated or coiled structure. Protect'd Doeumont-Subjcet to Protective Order JNJAZS5_0OOOGO1T2  s ;X-RAY ANALYSIS OF 'ITALIAN MINI SAMPLES y ,K Introduction 'v ' \`'<V.-. It ;. . .'. This report concerns this X-ray powder analysis -of the' Italian mine samples. The samples were classified Into three categories according to w e i r chemical and physical properties* , t , s . ' A '5 (11": `Rock* Type (ii) 'Talc* Type (iiil 'Carbonate1 Type. . ... \ All the samples were prepared by similar means and the procedure for obtaining the X-ray powder patterns was standardised. ' `From these powder photographs, several were chosen which . d e a r l y showed distinct mineral phases. These were used as' standards for this group of samples. These standard patterns were compared against the ASTM index and this comparison illustrates the need to prepare standards.for a particular ;. locality from specimens at that locality. - I ,V . " The samples were compared with, these standards by com- Suter methods and visually and the results etwean the methods of comparison noted* - and discrepancies nw SAMPLES - V .- -See Table 1 ' r' AMPLE PREPARATION . ...- '. Ii 1 i The samples were received mainly as large rocks and were labelled according to their appearance and location in the . ' ., With the larger samples a section was cut from the middle to be' a representative sample; for the smaller samples as many pieces .as possible were crushed to form the represen tative sample. i ' ... ; .,,,f / .,t. -.V Thede samples were then roughly broken, up and placed in 1/ ' , . e 'Tama* disc mill and ground for 5 mins, until all the .sample was below approx. 100 mesh. These powders were stored in clean plastic bags. The samples, when required for X-ray analysis/ were further ground (to less than 300 : mesh} in a small* agate ball mill and then sieved through r"v:-- . a 350 mesh screen and stored in plastic bags. i The grinding nulls and other apparatus used were thorough- 'y . . ly cleaned between samples and during the grinding care was * .- <" taken to obtain a good representative sample. Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZHJW 0000173 X-RAY ANALYSIS '' JT *- *. *-* . ** i * * /Vy.;.- .All the samples were analysed using a Debye-Scherrer i camera, mounted on a Raymax RX 3-D X-ray generator. A copper X-ray tube was used with, nickel filters (0.02 mm thick}' and the power rating of the tube set. at 36 kV and :. ,22mA.. The apparatus was carefully aligned and checked before 14t f < . / '*. t ' i '' ; mounting a sample. .time of 8 hrs. . All the samples had the same exposure . The samples were loaded into 0.5 mm diameter Lindemann r-. ii' glass tubes to be mounted in the Debye-Scherrer cameras. ".. 1' 'In-the cameras Ilford Industrial AG' X-ray film was used. " The film was processed using Kodak DX-80 developer and Ilford Hypain fixer. The-films were developed for 5 minutes using a '1*4 dilution for the developer and fixed.for .- 2 minutes. The films were- then washed in running water ' for 30 minutes and allowed to dry naturally. The X-ray 'films were then measured. Using an illuminated screen and the line-spacings calculated, taking into account film s h r i n k a g e f r o m these line spacing the bragg angle and *d' spacings can be calcu lated. . 1 .. .. STANDARD PATTERNS t' * * * . '. * . * '* . .1 * - When- all the samples X-ray photographs had been measured and the 'd* spacings calculated, they were visually inspected to find the film showing samples with pure mineral phases. These patterns were then taken as standards. The samples were then broken up and the different .mineral phases rare sorted by band to attempt to find a purer standard. These samples were then crushed in a ' similar way to the samples crushed beforehand. ` For X-ray analysis they were placed in 0.2 mm diameter tubes and given ' a 12 hr exposure. This method was used to give finer lines ' on the X-say photograph and the larger exposure was to try and detect as many impurities as possible. - - The 'd' spacings of the standards were compared with the 'A.S.T.M. index and also with themselves. They were compared with themselves to check that all the Talc, and Chlorite . . standards matched, each other and were similar in intensity.. - Several standards were prepared containing the same mineral. This was because the 'd1 spacings of the mineral . varied slightly from sample to sample and especially with chlorite, depending on its composition the major reflections .varied between 13.51 and If.01. This wap mainly due to varying iron content and this can easily be seen on the X-ray films as it causes fluorescence with' copper radiation and blackens idle X-ray film generally. ! i ' * Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZCSJW00D4174 RESULTS ; For the analysis of the results the samples have been divided into five sections; (1) ' standard patterns CLil sample patterns Crock typel -h- ' CLiil sample patterns (.carbonate typel 1 '' (lv) sample patterns Ctalc typel tvj .batch sample patterns (includes old powders and > .. -shipments}. ' Two methods were used to find the mineral present in the sample. One method uses a computer program to detect the mineral. . . . > In this method the bragg angles of samples were compared with the bragg angles of the standard and the number of lines ' fitted printed out. A print out was also obtained of all ' the standards which fitted a particular line to find all the' possible minerals present and to see which lines were common to several standards. As this procedure is quite long, the lines in the sample Were first sorted into order of decreasing intensity and then the three most intense lines of the sample compared with the standards. If all three lines failed to match it was consid ered that that standard was not present and so the program deleted that standard from the comparison. At the end of the program the list of the standards was printed with the percentage of lines fitted to the sample noted. The obvious disadvantage of this comparison was that . the program could take no account of the relative intensities ...' - . of the lines and so a visual method was used to find which m s the major mineral phase. The computer program usually I found' the mineral phases present in the samples but could .not place them in the correct order. i * P^otootod Docwnwtt^^ubjwf to Protoottvo Ordor f.* . ***, * -.*I Pattern* used as standards from the Italian mine samples and their . comparison with A.S.T.M. data and' .against themselves. t ' i t ProtectedDocument--SubjecttoPwtec * * " 4t JNJAZSSJMMW 1T8 SAMPLE -SIP X-::TALC I i**y > 1***; *i * . t. ii j - ?; ,Y .1;. ' i Vi - 'l. u- .t * Comparison against A'.8.T.M.: index 1 line unmatched, 1.1145 A . 1 . .Patterns not included* 6-263 Muscovite -2M1, 7-25 Muscovite (1M), 7-32 Muscovite (2M1) , 7-76 Ripidolite (Chlorite), 7-78 Thuringite (Chlorite), 7-166 Bavaiite (Chlorite), 10-183 Peninnite Chlorite , 11-78 Dolomite, B end T Quarts.. 'Most probable minerals presenti Talc Muscovite Calcite Comparison against Italian Standards 'Patterns not included? chlorite (142), Chlorite (14), Muscovite. (135), Magnesite (16), Tremolite (119/120), Dolomite i .Most probable wiinerals present Talc i Visual comparison ' Talc# Calcite Minerals detected Talc# Calcite SAMPLE SIP 2 ' TALC > ' S Bit I p A A r i ti. . - i t M R W # . _ . orison acainst A.S.T.M index 2 lines unmatched, 1.1159$ ___ j 7-76 Ripodolite (Chlorite), M o r i t e ] , 7-166 Bavalite (Chlorite). . Most probable minarais present Tale. Muscovita, Calcita ''Comear ison acrainst Italia Standards , .' Patterns not includedt C M o r i t e (142), Chlorite (14), " T Tremolite .(119/120). Most probable mlnerals presentt Tale# Muscovita, Magneaite. f ; Visual Comparison Minerals Detected Talo#: Chlorite, Magnesita Tale# Chlor ite-,'Sag'nestie Protected Doeument-Subfoet to Protects Order JNJAZE6_(HJ0000177  .-"S' 1 i * i t .Comparison against &.S.T.M.' index .2 lines unmatched, 1.1739S, . gatterns not Included.- 6-263 Muscovite -2M1, 7-25 Muscovite (IM) .7-32 Muscovite (.2M1), 7-79 Torsterite (Olivine) f 8-479 Magnesite V: Most probable minerals present Chlorite, Talc r .. Comparison against Italian Standards . ; Patterns riot included t Muscovite (235), Tremolite (119 and 120) ' ` Most probable minerals present Chlorite. Talc. i , `Visual-Comparison. . *,/': 4 -Minerals present . Chloritei Talc *' . " ' Chlorite/ Talc ( ` SIP 4 , CHLORITE V, ; Comparison against A.S.T.H, ladest 3 lines unmatched . .. . * .* 1.1741A, 1.1318&, 1.0984&. itterns not included 6-263 Muscovite -2Ml, 7-32 Muscovite itoli, -471 Magnesite, 11-78 Dolomite, 13-437 Boric Acid.. Most-probable minerals present Chlorite. Tale I Comparison against Italian Standards Patterns not included .Calcite ( 2 3 4 ) Magnesite 1137), Muscovite (135), Tremolite (Z19/I20), Dolomite. . * * Most probable mineral present: :Chlorite. Talc . ' .. * * i *. Visual Comparison * .'Minerals Present Chlorite. Tale *. ' Chlorite. Talc Pretectal Document-Subjectte Protective Order JH JA Z 65J)00000178 SAMPLE SIP 5 TALC ' ' ' ' ' Comparison against' ft.S.T.M. Indexi \ . * . * . Pattern* not included: 5-586 Calcite, 7-25 Muscovite (IM), 7-77 Sheridanite CChlorite), 7-79. Forstezlte (Olivine), 7-166 Bavalite (Chlorite). Most probable minerals present .Talc. Muscovite, Chlorite `comparison against Italian Standards '' Patterns not Includedi *, 1Most probable minerals Chlorite (142), Chlorite Magnesite(16), Tremolite I , present Talc (14), (119/120). 'Yisual comparison '' 'Talc, Chlorite < .Minerals Present . iTalc. chlorite ' SAMPLE SIP 6 MOSCOVITE Comparison against A.S.T.M, index 3 lines unmatched, 1.7999?, 1.3721A, 1.2741?. gjfelgsp. 32$ jnglMS#-! 3-88lTalo, 7-79 For starite (Olivine), 7-- 166 Bavalite (Chlorite), 7-183 Penninlte (CHlorite), 8- 479 Magnesite, 11-78 Dolomite, 19-770 Tale. Most' probable minerals presentt Muscovite, Chlorite Comparison against Italian Standards Patterns not included: Magnesite"(137), Tremolite (119 and 120), . Dolomite . v , . . Most probable' minerals present Muscovite, Talc * \ - ' . . . Visual comparison Mineral Present Muscovite, Calclte Muscovite, Caleite JNJAZSSJ0000178 n t h 1. i it:i ' y .: ot \ . `T ; SAMPLE SIP 7 MAGNESITE 91 . . 1 . Comparison against A.S.T.M. Index: 1 line unmatched 1.1092A Patterns not included: '5-586 Calcite, 6-263 Muscovite -2Mlf. 7-25 Muscovite (IMl, 7-32 Muscovite (2M1), 7-160 Chlorite CKotshubeite), 7-76 Rijiodolite (Chlorite), 7-78 Thuringite (Chlorite), 7-166 Bavalite (Chlorite), 10-183 Penninite Chlorite, 13-437 Tremolite. * Host probable minerals present Magnesite, Dolomite, Talc Comparison against Italian Standards Patterns not included: Calcite (134), Chlorite (14) Muscovite (135), Tremolite (119/120), Most probable' minerals present: Magnesite. Dolomite, Tale Visual Comparison Magnesite. Talc Minerals Present Talc, Magnesite. SAMPLE SIP 8 TREMOLITE Patterns not included: 6-263 Muscovite -2M1, 7-25 Muscovite `(IM), 7-32 Muscovite (2M1), 7-42 Muscovite (3T) , 7-79 Forsterite (Olivine). Most probable minerals present; Tremolite, Talc, Calcite `Comparison against Italian Standards * Patterns not included: Magnesite (137), Chlorite (14), Muscovite (135). < 'Most probable minerals present; Tremolite, Talc, Calcite (9 Visual Comparison' ", Minerals present Tremolite, Talc Tremolite, Talc Protected Document--Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ55_000000180  .1- . SAMPLE SIP' 9 'DOLOMITE Comparison against A.S.T.M. Indexi ' i line unmatched.. 1.1094A ' Patterns not included? 3-881 Talc, 6-263 Muscovite -2M1, 7-25 Muscovite CIM), 7-32 Muscovite C2M1), 19-814 Muscovite , 2M1 (Vanadian), 7-160 Chlorite CKotschubeite), 7-79 Forster-. ; .ite (Olivine), 13-437 Tremolite, 19-770 Talc. : Most probable minerals present . Dolomite, Muscovite 'Comparison against Italian Standards patterns not included Magnesite (137), Chlorite Tremolite (119/120). 'Most probable mineral presentt Dolomite, Talc (14) Visual Comparison . Minerals Present Dolomite, Muscovite, Calotte \ Dolomite. Muscovite, Calcite *. ; . i * l SAMPLE SIP 10 CALCITE .X . -1 Comparison against A.S.T.M. Indexi 3 unmatched lines : ^ 1.2095A, 1.1098^, 1.0926A -160 Chlorite (Kotschubeite), -79 Forsterite. (Olivine) , 13-437 Tremolite. Most probable miner Is presenti Calcite, Muscovite ..Comparison against Italian Standards Patterns not Included Magnesite (16), Tremolite (119-120), , * ' , ' 1Meet probable minerals present Calotte. Muscovite visual Comparison 'Calcite / Minerals Present Calcite, Muscovite Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ56_000000181 93 v . .+. 1, ,v. SAMPLE SIP 11 MAGNESITE 1 * h y & 'c ? si:-y f::f 'I Comparison against A.-S.T.M. Index; 1 unmatched line 1.1085^ Patterns not included: 5-'586.'Caicita, 7-25 Muscovite (3M), 7-i60 dhlorite (Kotschubeite), 7-76 Ripidolite (Chlorite), 7-78 Thuringite (Chlorite) 7-166 Bavalite (Chlorite)# 10-183 Penninite Chlorite, B A T Quartz. Most probable minerals present Magnesite. Dolomite, T.alc .Comparison against the Italian Standards Patterns not included; Calcite (134), Chlorite (14), Muscovite (Z35). Most prob&ble minerals presenti Magnesite, Dolomite, Pale Visual Comparison . Magnesite, Dolomite, Talc Minerals Present ' ,Magnesite, Talc, Dolomite V * i Protected Doeument-Gabfcct to Protective Order r i 4 * a ** , tu . t JNJAZ5S.000000182 ih: a .V.` * 4 >*V# V - * i( *V 94 * * I. ' . ** t i**** *' ; / . :b i lee* * **'V.e * 1 . .***1*1 *. .* 1 * :v 'V JA j , . . t'% i*. .t-v-. i Vv *.***' 'li r r'S-'i.-';-;''.-,V ?;*. '*' :lu * r\.. *.-a '* O..,- '.. .1..<>* K " *** . * ,.ri'..'\T.'"V.''n* r y - , - - *>. . V V; ' ; . . . . I. ; `i-, IV.'. i i i. A .- .*- . v ..y : V'C.\ .* .** 4. ' r.'i ! .4. : *ft.*?**|? y, -.. v .. VK 4. 1 * * , * .*# , .' 'u* '' ' . V V* ,f9,t \y , , " , * * * ' V V* .t .* ft* t * -vr 1, , , * " ;. ** . .i-'-V ), * \t Examples of Patterns Obtained froa look Typ Specimens and Their .Major Mineral Content fron X-Ray Comparison. 4 `t r . *, ' .r .. i- i' % Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ5S 000000183 te li 7*V.'.' 95 BAMPLS! 1 1 : m c r PROM IPOTWMiIi CONTACT ; Q o m m x t s e o n -, .Patterng n otincludedt Magnesite (137), T r a m o n t a (119/120). Moat probaJble minerale presnti fluorite, Moscovite, Tale, . .Deimite. visual Comparison i Tale fluorite, Calcita ` ' 'Minerale Presant: 'Tale Colorite, Calcite. SRMPLS 17 MICA SC H ISI ;Comparison v Pattarne not' includedt Magnesite (137), Tale (146) r . .. Tremolite (119/120). ' Most probabl minerai presenti Moscovite, Tale, Quarta - Visual Comparison: Musoovite. Tale,Quarta 'Minerale Presenti. . 112 FOOTBALL BAMPtiB? AMPHXBOLITg 'Comparison;. 3 linee unmatched. 6.4653$ 1.2819$ 1.225$ < ' ' ` Pattarne not inoluded Calcite (134), Magnesite (X37), Tale (146), Tale (15), Tremolite .. (119/120). 'West probabl minerai presenti Muscovlte, Dolomite, Quarta. 'Visual Comparisont Moscovite, Chlorite, Quarta ' .7 Millerala Pressati. P fo h ctsd D ocum ont-6ubJt to ProteBv O rd ir JNJZWSJ10000C1M  SMiPX.8 116 FACE 1 INCLUSION' BELOW SEAM ,>V /~*. ` V-. \* * . * ' *. , , Patterns not Included! Tale &45) , Tremolite (119/120) Dolomite . . . Moat probable minerals presentt Muscovite, Chlorite', dalpite, Quartz . Visual Comparison Chlorite, Muscovite, Caloite, Quarts ; Minerals Presentt . Chlorite, Muscovite, Caloite, Quarts . TM P I , g 117 FOOTVOUjL ROCK SAMPLE ` i ' 'Patterns not included Talc (146), Chlorite (142), Museovite ( 1 35), Magnesite (16), Tremollte (119/120), Dolomite, J ost probable minerals present Caloite, Talc,.. Quarts ..." Visual Comparisont Caloite, Talc, Quarts Minerals Present Caloite,' Tala, Quarts PmUcted Document-SubjKt is P roiteifv, Order jn ja z s s _ooooooiu 1.1 . 3 V :V i . SAMPLE 120 AMPHIBOLE SAMPLE FROM GUIANA LEVEL 1212 ui * . t? ' .l*t..*. Comparison: 1 unmatched line 1.6309A r Patterns not included: Chlorite (142), Chlorite (14), Muscovite (135), Magnesite (16), Dolomite. Most probable minerals present: Talc, Tremolite, Calcite, Magnesite Visual Comparison: Talc, Tremolite, Chlorite . Minerals Present: Talc, Chlorite, Tremolite ' .1 SAMPLE 123 BLACK GNEISS Comparison: 5 unmatched lines o o o 6.3586A, 1.449A, 1.2278A, 1.2121A, 1.1520A. Patterns not included: Calcite (134), Tremolite (119/120) Most? probable minerals present: Muscovite, Talc, Magnesite, Quartz Visual Comparison: Muscovite, Magnesite, Quartz Minerals present: Muscovite, Magnesite, Quartz <9 i. ,, Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ55_0000001S7 *i 'h i * if IJ * 99 .0.' . SAMPLE 125 LIMESTONE FOOTWALL , , . , - . . C Y > V v '' aP;Parl<g0n ' V / S 'A Patterns not included > Calcita (134), Tramolita (119/120). .'V* / * ' . . . * t . < * -Heat probable minarais present i;'Talc. Chlorite, Quart: '.V.-- Visual Comparisons Talc. Magnesite, Quartz. ' 'Minerals Present Talc. Magnesite, Quartz '. . *, i h /.: SAMPLE 127- LITHOLOGICAL INCLPSION . '. Comparison . . / V J, . -- I *- * ** 2` ,t . - . :v ,5y-'.V '."-Xy*; ;>!-' 'y'V. , . Patterns not included^ Chlorite (142), Chlorite (14), . Trenolite (119/120), Magnesite (16), .Dolomite 'Most' 'probable.minerals present ' Talc. Calcite, Quartz . Visual Comparisoni' Tslo, Calottej Quartz ; Minerals' Present Tile.' Calotte, Quartz . :< .O ' SSMPLE 129 SAMPLE 6 rQOTTOVLL Comparisoni 2 unmatohad U n e s O o 1.1526A, 6.3031A 'P a t t e m s not iacluded Calcita (134), Magnesita (137) , ' Chlorite. (14) , Tale CI5). * , MPsf probable mineral Presentr Muscovita, Quartz, Dolomite, ' Vieual Pomparison Muscovita. Quartz '. 'Mineraje Present 'Muscovita; Quartz ; * < Protected Docum cnt-Suttoct to Protective Oidor X 4. ' V JNJAZHJDOOOOOm V * -. * . C-; 100 '. 8M2LB 131 STACK IHCLPSI0 Comparison; 1 unmatched lina 1.2145A 'Tettarne not included! Magnesit (137), Talc il5),Dolomite' `Moat: probalii minerals'Present 'Muscovite# Calcite, Talc -Visual' Comipatlsojn -Muscovite, Calcica . '`Minerals'Trasenti Muscovite, Calcita ' 134 TUNNEL WALL - **.I1" 11" u h 1, .i!*!** . , , i yVr * b i 1 ,< a** . . \, *V . EFrAV*-- *' ;!/ :f. , ; di' Tettarne not included? T r a m o n t a (I19/I20), Magnesita (1$) Moat probable minerals prosanti Calcita Muscovite, Talc- { Visual Comparison# Cap ita . `Mineral Present , ` . i. ; Calcita . ^ ^ ' 1' ' ' :V 1 ; * a Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNOAZ6SM0001M ! mi:. 1: i j .. M ' 101 V. : 1 . , ** / Examples of Patterns Obtained from the Carbonate Specimens and their Major Mineral Compo sition Obtained from Comparison vith Standards. 4: I * ! i.: t :.i . Protected Docuntent-Subjw tlo P ro te cts. Order .. V JNJAZMLOOO0OO1W 102 SAMPLE 14 FACE 10 AMPHIBOLE Patterns not Included; Calcite (134), Chlorite (14) Tremolite (119/120) MostTprobable minerals present; Magnesite, Dolomite, Talc Visual Comparison: * Minerals Present: MR.SNESITE, Talc t Magnesite, Talc .... ' *>./'< , / Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order 4 > \ JNJAZ55_000000191  * -, . ** *** : t *. t. v :, :U z X . ` SAMPLE 111 -.103 . CARBONATE - TALC INCLUSION - u' ff/ r r - ' < ':i"rr i r .. . ' l l i m ', i- !n > ; !ili}.-*2l! . ..V I it: 4* **' mi !\* t * 1 Him \t . I '.. r, . i. V 4 ; o V '.Comparison 1 unmatched lin ' 1.2143A * * * . Patterns, not includedi Chlorit (142) , Chlorite (141 Mgt probable minerai present Maqftesite, Dolomite, Talo*' Visual Comparison; Talc, Magnesite^, Calcite Minerais Prtant Talc, Magnesit, Calcite X I. . j . i...> . s :SAMPLE 114 SEAM 4 INCLUSION m TALC . \ * . .Comparison .Pattern not . i .* . . * included: Magnesite Muscovite , , *' *. ' . (137), Chlorite (14), (135), Tremolite(I19/X20) { N i. 'Mot probable minerals present: 'Dolomit Talc *Visual Campariso n t Talc;.Dolomite ' Minerals Present* Talc, Dolomite _ sm m m n s facs 3 macmssitb and talc i/. V S m m is m * . Patterns not includedx Talc (15),. Tremolite.(I19/X20) 'test probable minrals present; Dolomite, Magnesite, I ~ Chlorite Visual Comparisont Dolomite, Talc Chlorite ' Minerals Presentx Dolomite# Talc, Chlorite. v PntotXtDc*eumrt-8uyel la Protctfv* Ordr JNJAZB8J000012 104 ' SAMPLE I 19 ~ IMPPRITY IS TALC AND QUARTZ 'Comparison; . ; ..> -, `Patterns' not Included! Magnesite (137) ;v Most probable minerals present: Tremollte, Dolomite, Muscovite, Talc e ' Comparison: A Patterns not Includedt Calcite (134), Chlorite (14), Muscovite (135), Tremlite (119/120) ' * Most probable minerals present; Dolomite, Magnesite, Talc Visual C o m p a r i s o n T a l c . Magnesite, Dolomite Minerals Present; Talc. Magnesite, Dolomite Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZS5_000000193 , ifn* * .-//r-i ; . .-.i. .:.n. . * **' V* * ./ ' m\.9 ' w*: -105. t N1 . .V& .i v, * V ..i : * : v v` " SAMPLE 122 ' M&GKSSITE, DOLOMITE, TALC i - rwr*` . n .1 i * *,> 0 't t f-"-} A s - *;**-.:*w$r*. \ .? -. .Comparison V'. V / . Patterns not included Calcita (134), Talc (145), Talc (4$)' . Muscovite ( 1 3 5 ) Tremolite (119/120). * ' *, * * 'Most probable Minerala present> '* \ .. ' Dolomite/ Magnesite, Cniorite, Talc, 'Visual Comparison Talc, Dolomite. t o a r a i s Present . Talo, Dolomita . . SftMP&B 130 TLC ASP OTHERS Comparison t *V^ * Patterns not included:' Magnesite (137), Talc (15), Tremolite (119/120). Most probable minerals present "Dolomite, chlorite, ' Muscovite, Talc. Visual Comparison! Talc. Chlorite : >Y, Minerals Present:' Talc / Chlorite Protected Oocumcnt-aui^cettePretMew Order JNJA2RBJMMM0S1S4  * r * . , 4. . , v ,, . ? * . , . v *. .* i .V 'Vf'' : 1Vv'-"--; \.% * ' ; * * * * ' \ .. *.. . " -V: ' ; ' *' ' " ` * SAMPLE135 MASSIVE CARBONATS END Qg WORKING C >' ji.. Patterns W t inoludedt Treraolita (119/120) V ` i \ j4^Sife. Bfg)fr. ' e, Magnesit, orit i , j Visual Comoarison: Magnesit, Tale/ Chlorit Minerals Presentt Magnesite, Tale, Chlorit *Y `. V- * * I V- ! X J:\ SAMPLE 137 C h m m rs AKP TkLC i, - i % v'<; <> Vl/.fl'- ^j! i* *. 4 '.* , .- i fl ' *. . iVAli'* */\4. isj**1.:.3: *l'M * ,l c ri4 a CoraparisOTr 'patterns not included s Calcite (X34), Chlorit (14),- Musoovite (135). * . . ' Most probable Minerals presentt Magnesite. Dolomit, Tale # , , . v: : ; Visual Comnarlson: Magnesit/ Tale Minerals Presentt Magnesite, Tale 1 t` 'h . . * -.** S. . . PretM kd Oocum/nt-Subjetto Preteeflv* Qrotar JNJAZ5S_0000001K / *.;. " }t, . ./ . m" / "j , .'t * *V , **,..1**V.i.. *. /* 107 , '.***. C :1// 'tiV' \ {* ' ' , M * 1 * V - *. / K * 7 *\* * . V ' * .-- iVN /J"i ,. **u*1 , J* ,, V*. % * *k \ \ * . . .* / ; * iS . \ .............it ..* . * I ** ` 4 `* * *7 !' .*s,. . . . . . . ' *'*'% 1 .* ' . ** *>* ,* ,f . f . ' i* i *; , Examples of Patterns and Raj or Mineral Content of Those Specimens Classified as falo Typas Obtained By Comparison. K ~) : m \ .V*. ' Protected Document-Subjectto ProtecUv Order i . <INJAZSS_M00001M .... >`.ft.*. .J'* /v-.* * #* % -* %*., ,** * .*.**. <sK . *. - 1 V . 1 * v .*. *t . . . . . . . ; .. . , *. . .. ! '" *.t,$. ' v: , 'm a . * * , . . **. ... v. * * * . . * %.. ^ . ' \ * #* *. ,* * i0 8 .- !,-. . - ;: v ; ,y.,; ` 'Vf' * ' vi'.' *. - ? *" / ;>' " ' . . : ! .'4 > V ..I.*....., P4 ' Comparison _ ' y Patterns not included ' . ' ' Most probable minerais ... ;-;:i v" t - ; ; / . - ' v---. . . . Tremoliti (119/120). ; "... . y preganti 'Chlorits Magnesits Talc- .... . -.; .; -* . yjgaai-S.cSBga.gj.s9ni Chlorite. Talc . ,r. . .... . . M ^n>ga3Lg present: . 'Chlorite Talc ; v-; ii- - . ,*. % ' ; -. .. . .. 4 '. *v. :V. .. . ."v. : ' ' C.7. ; .' r.' ;/ \ i gMPl 13 COLOURED TALC ' / ' \ ? } l&'-'v >v \ V.v; '*.." **!. ; comparison! ' ,^ : V v' *V'. *' ' ' * t. r Patterns not Incladd: Chlorite (142) Chlorite (14), ' Muscovite (135), Magnesite (16), Tremolite (119/120) Dolomite. Host probable minerals present? Talc - Visual Comparison? . Talc m Minerals presenti Talc Pretw ted Ooeuntm t-Sui^ et to Protscflve Order JNJAZS5JM0000197 *. . i v I .1 -f . .. . , !v.v' v *- ^ " ;./? 109 :'* ", < '.r .** *4V /*- , * & :.:J; i SAMPLE 15 GENERAI. ORE *. -/<. * ' -Jy '''..'- ,`Ti . i*.i'* *I**.' Comparisons 2 unmatched linas Patterns not Included Chlorit (X42), Chlorite 1X4), Muscovite (I35i, Dolomite. *Most prohable mineral present: falo. Magnesite i' '?*** .-Visual Comparison i Tale ;; 'Minerals present Tele . \ .J SAMPLE 18 MASSIVS Tl&C . Uq'j.`AUiMfcH*yjnSimftfchJktsskAv . Comparison ' ' * *, * * " . Patterns not included Magnesite (16), Tremolite ' k ' * , ( a -flog* probable mlnpralf prtSfH? Talc, Chlorite ` (119/120). . * ` . .. .Visual Comparisons Minerals Present* * ' .Talc, chlorite Talc. Chlorite . * ... . . '.I* ' Protected Dcument-5ui$ct feaProtective Order JtMAZB8_090Q00198 ; / . * .v,.. . ' fil ! ' X10 SAMPLE 19 FACE 1 GREY TALC &*' i * Patterns not . KusoOvite Cl3! |dt Calait* (134) , Magnesit (137); agnesite (16), Tramolite (Il9/120),. Moat' probable minerals prtant;. Talc#.Chlorite . Vi*ifeXe`Comparisont Talc, Chlorita 'Minerals Present Tale Chlorit v. SAMPLE 110 GRANULAR TALC Comparison #/'v Patterns not included: Calcite (134), Magnesite (137) ' . Chlorit* (142) Chlorite (14), > Muscovite (135), Magnesite (16) ' ./ Tremolite (H9/I20) Moat probable minerals present Talc Dolomite V Visible Comparison* Talc. Dolomite ' Minerals Present! . Talc Dolomite .:..V f PPatoeM Oocumant-Subjeet to ProfteSve order JNJAZM.OOMMOin .OX- \ f c . ;; ` u i . * .. - * ' ` . V . .{ -> v< *. ' SAMPLE 124 TALC FACE 2 *./ * * s A **P'<w.., V,TjtQ1.lficiVVj*w? f* ", > ! l-ii /'a.i.sv.vft; ?{' '*. . Comparison: ..A.V: ' * Patterns not included: Muscovite (135), Tremolite (119/120) . Magnesite (16). * ,% Most probable minerals present: Talc, Chlorite, Dolomite, Magnesite Visual Comparison! Dolomite Magnesite, Talc Minerals Present.- Dolomite, Magnesite, Talc AMPLE 126 TALC INCLUSIONS / %. , \ 1 'viiw.'TTr 'I < ai^i & : "u; Comparlson .... * * d* .**.' . .* * Pattern not included: Calcite (Z34), Tremolite (119/120) 'Most probable mineral Visual comparison: present: 'Tatet : Tale, Chlorite Chlorite, Dolomite ` ' V `f w <* Minerale Present: * Tale, Chlorite Protected Document-uhject to Protective Order JNJAZHJW 00M 200  *;7 ' * %* * *.w*s*V..<j *. * .. ..... y . y ' , . ..112 . -.V - *?**.*:?* 't* " tv . * * .. <% . 1 y<-SAMPLE X28 QUARTS TfiLC ty : r-. f ! vy f, fS&m xifVn " Patterns not lncludadt Muscovite (135), Tremolite (119/120) Magnesite (16), Dolomit 'Most probable mineral prsenti Chlorit Tale, Quart , , * l Visual Coopariaont Chlorit, Tale,Quarta ' Mineral Presentt Chlorit. Tale Quart : . ' '' ` \ . i. , l SAMPLE 132 OCCLUSION FACB 2 Coptparison . . Patterns not Inciudad: Muscovite (135), Tremolite (119/120) Dolomit .Most probable mineral . Visual Comparlsoni present BiSSiie^ Chlorite. Tale, Magnesite , ' ' v ' . Tale ` Minerals Present i Chlorite, Tale Profectad Doeument~Subjct to Pretecthre Order JN JA 2 H 000000201 . ;v' *1* *. , % * *jr iv/ # . - V... V ` , / s , . '* ` SAMPLE 133 . * t ' 1X3 , *, * *' TALC END. OF WORKING Patterns not included: Muscovite (135), Tremolite (Z19/Z20) ''v ' ' Most probable minerals present: . Talc, Chlorite, Magnesite' Dolomite - Visual Cotaoarlgom r* , 1 , Minerale Present Taio, Chlorite, Magnesite . *, i * Talc, Chlorite, Magnesite < A V t. , * e ' ' ,: . i :* i * 1 . 1 i 13 6 GREY TALC o o " l 'Comparison: 2 unmatched lines l.2204Ar 1.1517A Patterns not includedt Calcite (134) ,, Talc (146) 'Tremolite (119/120), Most probable minerals present: Chlorite.1Muscovite,.Talc 'Visual-Comparison: Chlorite, Talc V Minerals Present chlorite, Talc. . SAMPLE 138 TALC AHP PYRITE s ' Comparison: 1 unmatched line o 1.041A Patterns not Included: Chlorite (142), Chlorite (14),Muscovite (135), Tremolite (119/120) Most probable minerals present: Talc. Calcite ; Visual Comparison: * . Talc, Calcite- 'Minerals Present: Talc, Calcite . . ! Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZSS_Q00000202  .* ' SAMPLE 139 S-'O' FROM CRUSHER Comparison iv-> ` * . Patterns not included; Muscovite (135), Tremolite 119/120). Magnesite (16). -,v-. Stoat Probable minerals presentf Talc Chlorite . Visual Comparisoni Talc, Chlorite Calcite + '.\i ' ..! , Minerals Presentt. Talc Chlorite Calcite l . . : i. . . .* - H * Cctoaariaont *T* / * ' * MC **., *l. t . . . , -V.. fW -:.' Patterns not included 'Tremolite (119/120) .1, , t ;\ j Most probable minerals present Talc. Magnesite, Chlorite 'Visual Comparison Talc, Chlorite,* Magnesite ' Minerals Present Talo, Chlorite,. Magnesite sm ttM i n \QW s p e c i m e n No.2 . - y'..i 'P a m m & m * . Patterns not I n e l M e d .. ;'y ' . > # Calcite (Z34), Muscovite (135), Tremolite (219/120), Magnesite (16), bolomite ' Most probable minerals present: Talg, Chlorite `Visual Comparison: '*Minerals Present s Talo, Chlorite alc, Chlorite . a . ./ ' '; * < Protected Decum w t-Subtectto ProtecBv Ord*r JNJA2s_sooooeao3 . t':.. < . :.` i * V ? .1 '.i. us : v. SAMPLE 142 COLOURED TALC No.l. Comparison P '- ; V i^&vV&Wh* V7:w Ih^ :' , ti,, v\ i}'m i&*| fl \h \,, j w ;5:V k .:: te `V . > Pattern not included Magnesite (137), Talc (146), Muscovite* - :\ . : (135), Dolomite.. * . . V,-.W7. .V Most crofeable mineralspresenti Chlorite, T a l c . ..V ' /. Visual Comparison* Chlorite,.'Talc Minerals Present: Chlorite, Talc SAMPLE X4 3 'FISROOS TALC FACS IQ 1 . i *- 2 unmatched-lines o o 4.8928*, 4.4431A `Patterns nfcincludodi Calcite (134), Magnesite (137), Muscovita (I3S), Tremolite (119/120) Most probable .mineral Present *Chlorite, Tale X^sual; comperisofli . Minarais Present Talo Chlorite, Tale i , . '+ V .. ( V ... Protected Coeum cnt-Sufcjcei lo Protccfiye Order JNJAZe*_OODBOOJM I-' : M *i :5;v . */. # 4 * , /-* : : " ' v,';. V f'v V ~-y^- .... .SAMPLE 144 PORE TALC FACS 1 * t/ j ' \ **SJ-'A* Comparison* X unmatched line . 1.0798 * " Patterns not- included* Magnesite (137), Talc (142) - . Muscovite (135}, Tralita (XX9/X20) . . Most probable minerals present* 'Chlorite, Talc, Dolomite . Visual Comparison* Talc, Magnesite, Chlorite- .. ":y. .y. - Minerals Present* Talc; Magnesite/hlorite ; y y . **- *.. . ./ . . '.*i *.'v '*'* i*.* * ** . V , . , . . .. .. V . . . t. *.* ` ' ,( V- ; 'sVV ` ' y ..-.SAMPLE r45`'COOP SPECIMEN ' \ FACE l ,I * . ,, V ' *-< * V .1, /r--" V - V V | f l K -V . . t i ' f:-. X" '' ii* V:' ''^VOPv*-' -y^ ' k- _ \ ,..4 s bi\ .'*'* * ***#..** v T " ' .. r ( > ",' : L '.i. - . % ! i- \ . . . . - i.! i r. .> . . I -rirtW f ld O o '1 - Compariaont 2 unmatched linee 1.08B2A, 1.0505A 'Pattern* not inoludedt calcite (134), Chlorite (142), ctilorite (14) Muscovite (135), Magnesite (14), Tremolite (119/120), Dolomite. 'Most probabl minerali presenti Tale,'Magnesite Visual Coroparison* Minerale Presentt Tale Tlo .* '. SAMPLE X49 ~COLOU*EP TALC FACE 3 'Comparisont - % 'Patterns hot included* Chlorite (142), Chlorite (14), Muscovite s!- . * (135), Trwnolite (119/120), 'Host probable minoeals nreaont* Talc. Magnesite Visual Comparison: Minerals Present: P r a tie M Pocumpnt~3ub|ctto & ofcc & t O rder Talc, Magnesite * * Talc, Magnesite JNJAZSSJJOOOOWOS Specimen Pattern* and Comparison' Data* for' Samples of Old Powders and 00000 Shipments I j- t ` iI I I Protected Docum oflMtobfoette Proteefivt Order 4. ... L . * ,.s*V / ' t. / JNJAZU.D00000206 SAMPLE BUTCH 6 \ POWDER Fl , PW.J. 035 * ` Comparison 1 unmatched line' ' 8.1972$ .' Patterns not'Included Muscovite (135); Tremoliti (119/120) -\/vt ' Most probable minerals' present ' Talc Magnesite, 'Chlorite *%'.*****/,.; Visual Comparisons Talc, Chlorite, Magnesite '* . . * jOSaZS1* &T8b . * . .* *,1 ' . *` ti'.5* `.... *** 5. > * Tale, Chlorite; Magnesite L ` . . .. ` ... . * . > | " '*S&MPI.E BATCH 8 ' * If * . * '* i * I* * i POWDER (S and G) PW.J. 035 ' *** ` \ / . n ' * ' Comparison , ' Patterns not included Magnesite (16), Vremolite (119/120) ! .*18085 probable mineral* present `Talc* Magnesite, Boric Acid `Visual-Comparison Talc, Chlorite, Boric Acid 'Minerals Fresanti Talc, Chlorite, feerie Acid ' % , .s ' ' *BAMPLE B A T C H 9 POWDER T4 P.H.J. 035 `' V i Comparison : 1 unmatched line 1. 25S7A . Patterns not included:. Tremolite (219/120) v ` . 'Most probable mineoals present Talc# Chlorite, muscovite, ' r Magnesite, Boric Acid Visual Comparison* Talc, Chlorits, Boric Acid * * ** Minerals Presenti Talc, Chlorite, Boric Acid Protected DocumMt~Sufef*ctto Proteetv Ordr  \ ';*V r SAMPLE BATCfl 10 POWDER SKlBP PW.J. 035 . L , Comparison ' /VV. Patterns not included: ' Calcite (134), Muscovite (135), ,y> . . ..... . . Tremolita (.119/120), Dolomite . .. ' p o st probable minerals present Tele, Chlorite, Magnesite, . - .... -Boric Hold. i/v- 1 'v . Visual .Comparison; Tale, Chlorite; Boric Acid ` . `Minerals' Present: Talc,.Chlorite,. Boric Aoid . l". ^t : *; : -r: . . . *. " . ` . " -i '.'i: vV,.' 1 fiftMP&g BATCH 11 POWDER LP19P PW.J. 035 ; S ::`' . i. . j-iAts t.v '.: . ''* ' . - 1 m r A S?-" w f - A 'tp i t >re< ***'It'* rti*''n^ rrHIwPI ' Comparisont 1 unmatched line 8.1363& 'Patterns not includedt Magnesite (IS), Tremolita (119/120) * ;` .% . . < Dolomite . Most probable minerals present Talc'. Chlorite, Boric Acid 'VisualComsarIsoni Talc, Chlorite, Boric Acid, Magnesite Minerals Present Talo, Chlorite, Boric Acid, Magnesite * ' `B A M P m BATCH 12 TALC 1910 PW.J. 025 " '. . ' Comparisoni - 1 unmatched line - o '8.12 A - .. * " `P a t f e m s l i o t included t Tremolite (X19/I20) `Most;j?robable minerals present Talc, muscovite, chlorite, oric Acid. `Visual Gomparison Talo, Chlorite, Borie Acid, Magnesite i . <* Minerals Present ,Talc, Chlorite, Borio Acid, Magnesite Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JN JA Z K 000000208  , . I . , ' r I* 'Comparison - , . ' . I t I I itfiv** * * . . ` *<--.* . --. . ' " ' ; jUP . . - . ' Patterns not included:- Calcite CI34) , Muscovite (X35) U- .... : . Trasalite (119/1201 Most Probable minerals present*. Talc, Chlorite, Magnesite ... .Boric Acid .. VlaPal Comparison? Talc, Chlorite, -Magnesite, Boric Acid $ * * j Comparison Patterns not included i Tremolite (X19/I20) > Most probable minerals presenti Talc# Chlorite, Magnesite. `Visual Comparison Minerals Present ' Talc, Chlorite, Magnesite Talc,, Chlorite, Magnesite ttMKJg BATCH 2 TALC 8.8 . B D M A 1 14/02/72 . . .Comparison _ ; V * ` Patterns not included . Talc (X4SJ, Tremolite (119/120) 'Most Probable minerals presentt 'Talc, Chlorite - Visual Comparisont ' Talc, Chlorite O -Minerals Present < Talc, Chlorite . .. . 'Vt \ ` s ( ' a ' : Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZB8JD00000208 121 CONCLUSIONS ,/ * The optical examination has shown that there are a .large number of minerals associated with the rock types found both in the talc seam and in the associated rocks. \ The footwall rocks in contact with the talc are mainly composed of the minerals quartz, muscovite, chlorite, . garnet, and some carbonate material both calcite and ;V magnesite. . Minor minerals in the footwall contact rocks include epidote, microcline, tremolite and actinolite, spfeene, rutile, hornblende, rare talc, biotite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalccpyrifee. Rock type inclusions into - the talc have similar compositions to the footwall rocks but with higher muscovite and chlorite contents. The . ' muscovite was generally an iron rich variety {.phengite}, while two forms of chlorite were observed namely sherid- anite and penninite. Other talc inclusions consist mainly of carbonate minerals, calcite and magnesite in - .varying quantities. It is with these nodules that some i tremolite is found. The rocks further away from the .!. * talc seams, namely the gneiss, become richer in.quartz and microcline and below these marble occurs. .V The carbonate specimens examined by optical means showed that the carbonate minerals, calcite and maginesite, ware accompanied by talc, chlorite, tremolite, muscovite, rutile and pyrite, all in minor amounts. In general the carbonate inclusions were large and very discrete in the talc seam itself. I ** *, * The specimens examined, which can be classified as . talc samples, were found to be in the main composed of talc with chlorite as the major contaminant. Some specimens, however,'were predominantly composed of chlor ite with minor talc inclusions. Other minerals found in association with the tale -.a&C^iiUgeps included garnet, rutile and magnesite with -rare' tremolite and a quartz or serpentine Inclusion. Some differences were observed in the talc itself, some of the talc appearing to be a little murky in texture. X-ray pictures of the clear and murky material showed no differences however. .1 s . Yi\ The powder X-ray examination confirmed the major minerals occurring in the hand specimens and a classifi cation was possible into the three groups already men tioned, i.e. rock types, carbonate samples and talc spec imens. The only asbestos type mineral to be detected in the hand samples was tremolite, which was found .in three of the specimens. The tremolite was associated with carbonate minerals, namely magnesite and calcite, no tremolite was detected in the talc type specimens. Chlorite was, hpwever, very common in th talc types, some of the specimens being very nearly pure chlorite in composition. There appeared to be some association of the chlorite with coloured talc specimens, especially those with a greyish colour. Other colour variations due to rutile were not detected by X-ray examination. Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZS6_000000210 The examination of consecutive samples at face 1 in the mine showed that the chlorite content can vary very drastically over a 6ft thick section of the talc seam. Patterns obtained from several shipments of 00000 talc showed that chlorite, together with carbonate material, were the major contaminant minerals. This was also true of powder samples ranging back to 1949 in which, the only observable difference was the presence of boric acid. '!' . The electron microscope examination of the powdered samples showed that a difference could be drawn between ... . .. particles produced from the various samples. The carbon- ates and rock types on the whole produced compact fibre . free particles. The talc specimens were, however, plate- . . like in appearance with varying quantities of lath like particles coupled with f -which, were textile in ' appearance. Both lath and textile types of particles V were not composed of minerals associated with the' commer cial asbestos industry. Particles formed from the amphibole mineral found at the mine ware hardly fibrous in character, the majority of the tremolite breaking to give compact particles. Those fibres formed were short : and had a very large diameter when compared with, the commercial varieties of asbestos* No amphibole or 1 chrysotile mineral was detected in any. of the numerous powders examined. The Italian talc contains observable quantities of chlorite and carbonate minerals and could contain any one of the following min^rails in very minor amounts: muscovite, quartz, garnet and rutile. If small pieces of fcotwall rock were to contaminate the ore during production, several of the other listed minerals found in the rock type specimens could appear in the shipped product. It is unlikely that they would be present in detectable amounts. c t Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order P.D. POOLEY Project Supervisor JNJAZSS_000000211