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M aW c MMBB-0007815 'f Air Hygiene Fovmdetion of America, Inc., 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., February 1, 1937. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASE 59. CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, FOR YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1935. REPORT OF BUREAU OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. A. S. Gray, Pp. 411-462, Hartford, 1936. During the year 405 inspections were made, involving the more aerious indus trial hazards, including especially dust in foundries, lead, solvent vapors and chlorinated napth&lene. It is aimed to encourage the reduction of not only silica-bearing dusts but all dusty atmospheres to moderate Units. The most fruitful appeal for control measures is based on compensation and economy* Ten pages are devoted to control of foundry dust with amorous figures on results found in practice, and detailed recommendations for reducing the silicosis. Konimeter "grab" samples have boen added to impinger saspies as a routine to supplement data on fluctuations in dust concentrations through time, location, operations and causative factors. Similar details are given from studies of rock drilling and miscellaneous dust exposures. In a long tunnel through rock with 10 to 15% quartz it was recommended that dust be reduced to 20 million particles per cu. ft., in part by use of traps on drills. In a cotton picking room with 3.5 changes of air hourly a surprise was met when sables showed excess ive concentrations of dust, of which the settled portion contained 28% silica. Some stre.t sweeping machine operators were likewise fornd to be exposed to a potential but controllable 3ilicocis hazard. Lead hazards were found in some cases, especially where the temperature of melting pots cxcc ds 900F. Dipping hot aluminum castings into nitric acid was found not to be hazardous in one case. Sodiun fluosilicate as a flux for aluminun was found to yield too much hydrofluoric acid for safety. Fumes <c * from the drying of lacquers caused symptoms of poisoning. Triethylene chloride used in degreasing constituted a hazard in one case. Preventive measures, often simple, were roconoended in every case. Many laboratory methods are described fully, including determination of solvent vapors in air, determination and analysis of dust, and analysis of poisonous material. Educational activities are described. The total cost of the work for the year was 4 cents per worker in industries with potential health hazards. 60. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES. R. R. Sayers and J. J. Bloomfield, Am. J. Pub. Health, 26, pp. 1087-1096 (1936). During the first nine months of 1936 the number of State Departments of Health conducting industrial hygiene work was increased from 5 to 17, in addition to two states in which tint work is conducted by the Department of Labor. The budgets vary from 7 to 77 mills per worker. The authors describe and emphasize the help which the federal Public Health Service can give states inaugurating such bureaus. 03117742 / (^S References to Reoent Literature - 2 61. RECENT CHANGES IN THE PAINTERS1 TRADE. A. Hamilton. U. $. Dept. Labor, Dir. Labor Statistics, Bull. no. ? (1936). The painters1 trade has always been unhealthful above the average, as shown in .various statistical records. The advances made in industrial hygiene during reoent years have not as yet registered their effect on these statis tics, although in many branches of the industry such advances have been striking. Naturally it will require a longer time before the improvement oan be shown statistically. The improvements in the last twenty years in clude the displacement of lead pigments by hanoless materials, especially in interior work and in mass production, aid the substitution of mineral spirits for turpentine. On the other hard, the growing use of lacquers instead of paints, and the use of the spray gun, have introduced new hazards, The solid materials are harmless, but the liquid components are not always.. Several of the new org&nio solvents are known to be poisonous, aad their effect is ag gravated by the uso of the spray gun. As yet no thorough study has been made of these solvents, except benzol, Although most of the solvents may prove to be harmless, it is well to take all possible precautions, including the use of local oxhausts and abundant ventilation, end if these fail, the use of respirators. However, the only efficient way of protecting the spray painter is to select ooatings tint are free fraa poisonous constituents. 62. LEAD ENCEPHALOPATHY AS CAUSE OF DEATH? E. Beintker. Samm. v. Vergift., vol. 7 (Gutachten) pp. 53-56 (1936). Death of a worker in a storage battery foundry from pneumonia following se vere exposure while in a state of mental confusion raised the question whether the lead had acted directly on the brain. The quantities of lead found in the various organs did not confirm that supposition, but indicated rather that the mental condition could be traoed to an early progressive paralysis. 63. LEAD POISONING AS AN ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER. S Bazzano. Med. del Lav., vol 27, pp* 303-314 (1936). Cirrhosis of the liver is not a common conoomitant of lead poisoning and when present can be traced to other factors, specially alcoholism. 64. ANGINA PECTORIS AFTER FLUE GAS POISONING. C, Krootz. Med. Klin. vol. 32, pp. 1521-1524 (1936). A locomotive onginoor sufferod an attack of angina peetoris following poison ing by flue gas when his train was stallod in a tunnel. Seven years later, and again thirtoon years lator, ho was poisoned in the same way and the ill ness increased. It was sometimes considered an accident neurosis, but the higher court ruled that thoro was no connection with tho poisoning. The author shows from the litcratur and tho case history that a oonneotion exists between flue gas poisoning aid angina pootoris and notes that heart injuries as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning receive too little attention. 65. NF7 SYNDROME FROM INDUSTRIAL POISONING. C. Bollesini, Ponsioro Med., vol. 25, p. 265 (Sept,, 1936). A preliminary report on casos of industrial poisoning from absorption of dipher.yl-arsinic acid through the skin, including one death. In other oases the symptoms rogross after discontinuation of the work. The author em phasizes tho importance of protecting workers by onstant attention to cleanliness and tho uso of prctoctivo clothing. 03117743 HBBB-0007816 - *>: References to Recent Literature - 3 66# SECOND FATAL CASS OF LUNG FIBROSIS FROM INDUSTRIAL RADIUM POISONING. , Tonges and K. II. Kalbfleisch# Frankfurt# Ztschr# f# Path** vol. 50, pp. 100-122* (1936). The authors dcscribo a fatal case of lung fibrosis in a wcanan working in a rad iter. laboratory. After four years of work, she fell ill of grippe with in flammation of lungs and costal pleura* followed by difficult breathing and great loss of weight* She diod two years later. Fibrosis of the lung was present several ir.cnths earlier, and autopsy showed extensive darogo to the lung* *with radium deposits in various parts cf the body# although less in the lungs than in some other sections. The lungs must bo oonsiderod the chief means of entry of radioactive substances, both of radium salt particles and of the gasoous decomposition products of radium. 67* NEPHRITIC SYNDRnirS CAUSED BY INDUSTRIAL POISONING 'CITS CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. S* Franco# N. Y. State J* Hod*, 36, pp# 1647-1853 ( Doe. 1, 1936)* Two cases arc presented* both of workmen exposed to the vapors without ad equate ventilation# The kidneys woro affected in both cases, and treat ment was follovrcd by recovery# A study of the literature showed two forms of kidney injury, represented in the two cases. Details of tho two forms arc presorted, the principal difference being prosencc of albumen in the urine in one form and its absoncc in the other# 68. FATAL POISONING '"ITH NITROUS GASES, B. Both. Sonm# v. Vergift., 7, (Vergifturgsfallc) pp. 177-178 (1936). A typical ease of nitrous gas poisoning resulted from breaking a flash of nitric acid. The notable fact was the appearance of dyspnea (shortness of breath) and cyanosis (blueness of skin) within 20 minutes of tho inhalation of the fumes* 69. FATAL POISONING IK ACETYLENE V,'ELDING (DISSOUS GAS). R# Maori eke. Arbeitsschutz (Rcichsc.r'-citsblatt III), pp. 293-285 (1936). Two workers became ill after voiding for 10 minutes in a large boiler with a snail opening, and one died within a fow hours of lung edema and other com plications. Experiments under similar conditions showed that dangerous quantities of nitrogen tetronide wore produced. Phosphine end other sub stances v.urc eliminated as possibilities. 70. ACUTE FLUORINE POISONING. ". Rohol: . Dcutsch. Ztschr. f. d. ^cs. gorichtl. Med#, 27, pp. 170-1SS (193C) The author reviews 112 cas< s of fluorine poisoning with 6G deaths, mostly suicides cr eases of mistake. Gaseous compounds -.re produced in superphos phate, aluminum, gas, enamel and chemical compounds; and fluorine compounds must have played a part in the .'eg catastrophe in Belgium, in 1930* The symp toms arc .cute irritation of the stomach ora intestines, tetany-like cramps and paralysis* 71. RESEARCH I" LIGHT :ETAL DAL'AGE TO EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS. G# Gcrlach. Bruns. Bcitr. x. hi in. Ghir., 164, pp. 430-436 (1936). Needles cf various metals, pointed at both ends, were sunk into the liver and musculation of ar.ir.als. Metals with a high percentage of magnesium have a damaging action resembling microscopic cuts# The author attributes the ef fects to ah-, reaction tctv.-ccn magnesium, and water, liberating hydrogen in bubbles throughout the tissues, which breaks down and servos as a favorablo medium for infection. 0311^44 HttBB-0007817 HWBB-0007818 Hcfcrcncos to Recent Literature - 4 72. COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGICAL AND ^wUrTITATIVE SFECTROORAFHIC STUDIES IK EXPERI MENTAL MERCURY POISONING. H. Muller and K. Schcdr.cr. Arch, expt. Path. Phamakcl., 180, pt, 716-?3C (1-936). There is nc correlation between the degree of damage to the intestinal mucosa of guinea pigs by mercury salts and its mercury content* The same is true in the Sidneys when they arc affected. 73. RESEARCHES OK THE TREATMENT Or HYDROCYANIC ACID FCISOKIKG CVSED BY INHALATION ~i. V.:irth. Arch. f. exper* Path. Pharr.., 17S, pp 558-902 (1935). The study of hydrocyanic acid poisoning has become highly important or. ac count of its increased technical use. The author has investigated 60 sub stances and mixtures to determine hov: far they can reduce the effect of hydrocyanic acid poisoning. The animals used - cats, rabbits, rats, mice and pigeons - wore first poisoned until the respiration ceased while the heart continued to function, then put into chambers in which the various substances were introduced in vaporized form* Sodium carbonate was found the most effective of the substances used. Its ffeet was confirmed by ex periments cn the isolate frog's heart. A characteristic fall of pH in rabbits treated with hydrocyanic acid was followed by or. opposing rise when grape sugar and methylene blue were ad ministered. Ho good results were found in experiments with substances pro ducing mcthomoglcbin. These extensive investigations show that the great est reserve must be held regarding therapeutic measures for severe hydro cyanic poisoning. Cnlv under particularly favorable conditions can suf ficient of the poiaor. be neutralized to save life. 74. KETEEIGGLOPIK ANEMIA AFTER ETHYLENE NITRITE POISONING. K. ... Soggcl* Dcutsch. .u*ch f, klin. Ked., 179, pp 353-361 (1936). Four workers who had breathed ethylene nitrite showed chocolntc-brown-violct discoloration of the shin and mucous membrane, and a methcmoglobin anemia. In all the color decreased markedly after a few days, and they were well in 10 days. 75. 12THYLEKE BLUE THERAPY IK N0?RCBEi:ZE:2 POISONING. H. D, Lcinoff. New Eng land J. Med., 215, pp 191-193 (July 30, 1936; Kcthwlcr.c blue, an antidote for nitrobenzene or cyanide poisoning, was ad ministered intravenously to a mar. with an extremely cyanotic and dyspncic condition, characteristic of either of these poisons. Nitrobenzene was re covered from g'stric washings, and recovery was startling in rapidity. A brief discussion of the use of methylene blue is included. ?. T'-E: :lA'SFHLL f;3'j:.:oco-:ioses on ti-l basis 07 pathological-anatomical research. J. A t;er.. Nova acta Leopoldir.a, 3, pp 477-592 (1936). Pneumoconiosis has beer, studied ir~this locality v/ith unusual thoroughness, and a nur.ber of papers have been published dealing especially with anatomical and pathological aspects. The present pater combines all the material col lected, which is eased or. 113 autopsies of pncumoconiotic eases. Only a few pcir.es car. be mentioned here: The dust of copter schist is black r.s a result of its bituminous content and this color is what appoars in the lungs. The mesa severe forms occur without tubercular complications. Softening and cavivy formation .Iso occur without tuberculosis, evidently more often than with cth.r dusts. This softening leads to dust mobilization and therewith to a progression of the process after cessation of exposure. The llansfcld pneumoconiosis is undoubtedly a silicosis; it has one peculiarity - cavity formaticr.. This pv.xr is considered one of the most valuable publications on silicosis. 03117745 HWBB-0007819 References to Recent Literature 5 77, the p:iys:clo:-ical response peritoneal ti$stte to certain INDUSTRIAL AND PERT yiEI.RAL TESTS. J, V-'. filler and R. ?., Sayers# U. S. Pub. Health Repts,, 51, pp, 1677-168? (Dee. 0, 1536'., Various dusts '"ere injected into the peritoneum of guinea pigs. The response to each particular dust was constant ir. ell the animals examined, and could be classified *.s .or. absorptive, prolifer'tivc or inert reaction. In the absorptive reaction, the injected dust disappeared fror. the peritoneal cavity without the producti'r. of scar tissue. This reaction is giver, by ealcitc, limestone, precipitated chalk, gypsum and cement. Interpretation of this reaction is difficult, cut it appears logical that dusts which tend to remain, in the tissues should be considered potentially harmful, although not as dangerous as those causing a proliferative reaction. In the proliferative reaction the nodules produced by the dust continually increase in size. Quartz, tripoli ru'd siliceous chort (forms of free silica) produce this reaction, which corresponds, therefore, to lung fibrosis and is produced by the same substances. In th. inert reaction, gi-.mr. by anthracite and bituminous coal, precipitator ash., soapstone, talc, asbestos, feldspar, silicon carbide, hematite, c .lcium >: phosphate a::d soricitc, thr amount of injected dust remained the some in the peritoneal cavity, but the ncdulcc become more flattened end fine dust par ticles arc carried over extensive areas by phagocytes. Viith this biological method of classification, which, in a number of instances, has been correlated with clinical observations and industrial surveys, it is quite possible to use ir.trapcritoncnl injection methods to determine the pneu- moconiotic potentialities of a dust in a relatively short time, usually 60 days. 78. Tiu* P:\EE''GC'1I.IOSES I' SOUTH S. L. Cummins. J. Hyg. Comb., 36, op. 547-55C (Get*, 1336). * In the South V.'nles coalfield, many eases cf lung disease arc ound which cannot be classified as silicosis, and are r.ot compensable under present lave. The author describes som ef these conditions and attempts to classify the pr.cumccor.iosos into four types: (1) silicosis and asbestosis; (2) sili- co-ar.thraccsis :nJ sal: co-sidcrosis; (3) ar.thracosis of coal trimmers and scrccncrs, and (4) fibrctic agereg-.siens of inert dust occasionally present in all types, -.specially ir. si lisc-ar.thracosis. In all types there arc ap pearances suggesting damage to -he clastic structure of the lung, which may be related to th; emphysema (ir.fir.ti-n of lung tissue) r.r.d dyspnea (short ness ef breath) often found. Th; emphysema is not necessarily a compensa tory effect -f fibrosis as it often occurs with very little fibrosis. Bron chitis is ccr.r.r., probably as a result, r-thcr than a cause of pneumoconiosis. The amount e ' fibrosis .nd lure damage ir. S'.uth hales pneumoconioses varies directly 'ait!; th~ intensity ar.J. duration of exposure to siliceous dust, as cxer.sr:! ir. th. silica c-.r.tcr.t of the dried lung. 79, PATHOLCCV Cf "'1. FEE'.E.OCCNICSES. !.. 'ardner, N, Y. State J, Led., 36, pp. 1377-1371 (Get., 1? 3 e) Title paper is a brief summary of .he anatomic changes produced by inhaled silida ar.: other dusts and the complications due to infection. Simple sil icosis, when manifested by uniform. modulation, decs net produce symptoms or ineap .citato : or werk. A pers n with this type of reaction may continue working, but soy re dust exposure should bo avoided and yearly x-ray cxem- ir.r.ti :r.c should be made. Howav r, if there arc massive areas of conglom erate fibrosis, usually associated with discrete nodulation, the patient H will have dysph-;. and limited capacity to work. He should bQ given lighter jobs, net disch-rjod. ho person with open tuberculosis should be allowed 8 to work ir. silica, dust. Persons over ferty with vrell-hcnicd adult tubercu losis car. be saf-ly employed where there is a silica hazard, provided means arc taker, to minimize it, but the younger the individual with a similar con- i11 . HHBB-0007820 References to Recent Literature - 6 dition, the lose safely car; he be exposed to silica dust. A ycung employee with silico-tubcrculosis should be given sanatorium treatment. 80. ASBESTOSIS: A ROENTGENOLOGIC REVIEW OF 71 CASES. K, R. Shull. Radiology-, 7, pp. 279-292 (Sept., lt\-'6). A study of 71 casc3 of asbostosis is presented, with emphasis on roentgen ologic appearances. The eases were classified as to the stato of progression of the disease, which varied roughly with the length of exposure. Tubercu losis was found in about 12% of the eases, nor- frequently in the more advance< type* The author tabulates ten radiographic findings characteristic of asbestosis, ard ooneludos that "while the reentgonogran is tho most reliable diagnostic aid, the interpretation and correlation with clinical si^is and symptoms is often difficult. Without the history of oxposure a certain number ef slightly advanced eases will not be rcoogr.isod," that "a fair per son tf.gc of the slightly advanced and nodorately advanced eases do tond to im prove and the attendant disabilities to become lessened whon removed from, as bestos dust," that "asbostosis does not predispose te tuberculosis" and that from his observations asbestosis is act a progressive disease. 81. THE DIFFEIENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SILICOSIS FROM OTHER FJLHONARY DISE.1SE. G. G, Omstcin. N Y. State J. Mod., 36, pp 1382-1385 (Oct., 1936) The author ehallcngos the generaT^bclief that tuberculosis is more common in silicotic subjoets and that that infootion is the most common cause of their death. He bcliovcc that many of tho losicr.s which are diagnosed as silico-tuberoulosis in the rcer.tgenegrnm arc aotually conglomerate nonifestatiens of silicosis bceauso of the absence ef tubercle bacilli in the sput um and because the infcoticr. manifests itself so l&to in the ocurse of the silicosis. He criticized the existing ovidonce for this belief in the case of the Barr granite cutters, the Pieher lead and zinc minors and the N. Y. City rock drillers and points out that, there may have been errors in diag nosis. Ho calls attention to possible errors ir. diagnosis and points out that "reported incidence of tuberculosis is too lev/ (1.8 to 5%) to be com patible with the statement that "most silicotics dio of pulmonary tuberculosis. 82. CLINICAL FEATURES AIID SIGNIFICANCE OF SILICOSIS. A. J. Lanza. N. Y. State J. Med., 36, pp. 1350-1388 (Oct., 1936). Diagnosis of silicosis depends upon a characteristic roentgenogram of the chest, a history of exposure to silica dust onJ a physical examination. Where the silica hazard is severe, the author believes that "more or less eomplete disability nay dovelep from the resulting fibrosis without a com plicating infootion. The silicosis seen in American industry today rarely disables without superimposed infection. Siliectic patients with active tu berculosis must stop work." Lanza would advise the man with definite sili cosis to avoid further exposure ard thereby "hold his disease in oheck." He believes that if the employer ttkos measures to reduce the dust hazard the silicotic may remain at his regular work. 83. RESEARCH ON THE SILICA CONTENT OF THE 3L0CD OF RAE2ITS AFTER PROLONGED INHAL ATION OF QUARTZ DUST. M. Schonfelder. Arch. f. Hyg., 117, pp. 44-52 (Oet,, 1936). Two rabbits wero fed potassium alur.ir.ur. silicate obtaining 20% silica, once a month for a year (quantity not given). The blood analyses at the end of this treadoent indicated 1.6C silica, against contents of 2.3 to 3.9# in rabbits exposed daily for 9 months to 2.5 years. The two rabbits wore then infested with taborele taeilli. Six to eight weeks later the silica oontent remainod the same, and the animals apparently had rceovored from tuberoulesis. The results again bring up the question ef this type of thorapy as an aid in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 03117747 HWfiB-0007821 References to Recent Literature - 7 84, PSENDCrUBERCULO". SILICOTICUN. K, C, Eden and J. Herbert-Bums. Brit, J. Surgery, 24, pp. 346-349 (Oct#, 1936)# A module vrTs found in the am of a young girl who had fallen on a flinty read# Sixteen years later the nodule was removed and found to have a microscopic aapcarancc exactly like that of a tuberculoma, with clumps of giant cells, hue no caseation or tubercle bacilli, Many doubly refracting crystalline particles wore seen under a high magnification# 85# TIE RESPONSE OF TIE P-RBBIT'S CAROTID ARTERY TO INJURIES: Pt. 2. TEE EFFECTS OF INJECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS VIRID.jrS AND OF SILICA. E. M. Ramsey and D# Tvf, Gaiscr. Yale J. Biol# and Ned#, 9, pp# 43-44 (Oct., 1936). A heavy suspension of finely divided sterile silica in stcrilo normal saline was injected into the ligated carotid arteries of 9 rabbits, which were killed at the end of various periods. Detailed appearances are given, indicating considerable damage to the tissues# 86# SILICOSIS .AD TUBERCULOSIS. F. Capelli, Ned. del Lav., 27, pp. 28P-302 (Oct., 1936). The author discusses the mechanism of the development df true silicosis, and of infections associated with it especially tuberculosis. The prognosis (expectation of results) of'tuberculosis complicated with silicosis is less favorable than silicosis of the same degree# Eight cases are described* 87, FIRST REPORT ON -*N INQUIRY INTO AFFECTIONS OF THE AIR PASSAGES ALONG COAL ATHENS IN HOLLAND. Vossenaar and Doubrow. Bull, .`.cad# Ned., 115, pp, 300305 (1936), Observations were made on 600 miners, all employed over 10 years, to determine the extent of injury from dust. Only one was found with fibrosis of the lungs, although 14 oases of respiratory troubles were included. The conclusioBSdrnvm are that the dust of the nines does not originate pulmonary fibrosisj no relation exists between exposure to the dust and the appearance of x-ray shadows; similar shadows may be met with in ordinary cases of tuberculosis; any infectious agent - but particularly tubercle bacilli in the casc3 of thoso exposed to dusts may cause chronic troubles; hence industrial dusts are unhealthy factors. In the discussion which followed the usual French doubt is expressed as to the existence of any clincal entity to be known as silicosis, and advice is tenderod to the Government not to ratify the International Convention listing silicosis as an industrial disease. 88* TIE ICLLaGTION TAD ANALYSIS OF AIR-BORNE DUST DURING THE DRIVING OF HARD M.-A-INSS. J. I. Graham and F. Lawrence. Trar.s. Inst, Ming. Engrs, Lond., 92, pp. 1-11 (Oct., 1936). The paper dcscribos investigations of the average quantity of free silica suspended ir. hard headings and other underground places where mining opera tions arc carried on in hard rock. Sufficient dust for analytical determina tions was collected by means of a "sugar tube" method, modifiod by replacing the sugar by potassium nitrate. Several hundred cubic feet of air rero usually necessary for a sample. The fclspathic material plus silica was first determined; the silica was then extracted, the feldspar determined, and the free silica then estimated by difference, with a correction for silica lost during analysis. The free silica contents ranged up to 44/.. The quantities were determined as grains p~r cubic foot, but by use of estimated particle sizes, the results were converted into number of particlos per cubic centimeter. A concentration of 15 grains per cc. corresponds to the safe limits as determined in South Africa. Yhcnovor precautionary measures were talxn, whether wet drilling with adequate ventilation or the use of the Hay dust-trap, the dust present was well below that figuro# 03117748 Roforcacos to Recent Literature - 8 HWB8-0007822 9, THE INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS CF DISPERSE SYSIEL'S IN AIR AND GASES, R. Lessing. Trans. Faraday Soe., 32, pp. 1223-1233 (1936), A general introductory paper on a symposium on the industrial aspects of aerosols, held by- the Faraday Society last sursner. It presents a review of present knowledge of dust, smoke, fog, flue gases, mining dusts, and methods used in separating these aorosols fri air. It also points out directions in '.vhich future '.vork should be carried out. 90. ::oee:j; .tthcds of detection and dsie?j.:ika7ion of industrial guises in the AHIOSPHaRL. E. Lcclcrc and R. Haux, Rev. univcrscllc mines., 12, pp 293-298 (1936). Lcthods of detocticn of various gaseous impurities in air arc reviewed, 91. GRAZE ITCH. Fed. du Travail, , pp. 50-113 (1936). Grain itch has been declared a-compensable discaso in a French court. Dock laborers handling grain cargoes arc especially exposod to it. Some men become inured to exposure, but others develop a sensitivity that may manifest itself asurticaria or asthmaj immunity, however, is the exception. Tho exciting agent is a very small parasitic insect, the life history of which is given. Prevention lies in freedom from exposure to infection. Disinfection of the grain is difficult. 92. CALC Its: :XTA30I,ISH .L'D TIURZ-PY IN DEHHATOLCGY. E. S. Lain. Southern Red. J., 29, pp, 626 (1536), The author finds that many so-called industrial dermatoses respond satisfactor ily to calcium thiosulfate or gluconate solutions administered intravenously, supplemented with suitable doses of calcium gluconate or lactate taken in wc.tor. The danger involved in intravenous administration is stressod and suitable dosos and technic arc formulated, 93, OBSERVATION OH IIHUSTRIAL DERHATOLOO-Y. H. R. Focrstcr. J. A. II. A., 107, pp. 247-252 (July 25, 1936). A general summary of the subjoct, describing compensation laws in the differ ent states and the advantages and disadvantages of different types of such lews. Several groups of skin diseases arc discussod. The author urges cooperation of dermatologists with industry and legislative bodies. 54. CHLHIC.A BURKS OF T.L LYE. 0. Y.'. Hess. Hew Orleans Hod. Surg. J,, 89, pp, 302-306 (Zee., 1936). Copious irrigations with water arc considered better than attempts at chemical neutralization. After irrigation, however, alkali burns should bo neutralized with 1-J acetic acid, and acid bums by 5-10# bicarbonate of soda. Glyceritc of tannic rcid is also useful for alkali bums, and a neutral solution of ammonium tartrate is of value in clearing corneal opacities after lime bume. 95. industrial zr: injuries .as ti-i-ir prevention. j. "ir.ton. Brit.J.ophthai., 20, pp, 673-682 (Dee., 1936). The Royal Lye Hospital is in a highly industrializod section of London. ..bout So'.O patients out cf 108C0.in the casualty/ d partment in 1935 had suffer ed industrial eye injuries. The ratio was the same in the first half of 1936, About h.-lf of these patients were emery wheel workers, and 30# more were engaged ir. turning, coring, soldering, drilling, welding, etc. Tho common types cf eye injury arc described and statistics arc given. The high frequency of such residents is due to lack of safety measures and indifference among the men. Safety' dcviccc arc described. 03117749 HWBB-0007823 References to Recent Literature - 9 96. A '.'EY/ EYE- SHIELD FOR USE I" INDUSTRY. C. G. K. Sharp. Brit. J. Oehthal., 20, p. 683 (Dec., 1936). ^Tis shield has a flexible head band to which is attached a r.et&l plate with a double ball and sochot joint. On the end of this is a r.otal franc carry ing laminated qlass (for r.ir.crs} or r.ica -r -au2C for other trades. As this franc stands <r.rt fron the head, there is plenty of space for ventilation and it ear. be turned up when not in use or removed and put in a pocket, 97. FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONDITION OF HIKE AIR. PROBLEMS ARISING OUT OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY III DEEP `IKING OK THE Y/ITWATERSRAMD. F. J. Tror.p and J. P. Duminy. J Chen. 2.'et Mir.* Soc. So. Africa, 37, pp, 88-93 (Aug., 1936), A mathematical paper demonstrating that the final temperature of air humidified at the hotter: ef a dry shaft is the sane as that of air humidified on the way down to the bottom of a wet shaft. The some amount of moisture is introducoi in both cases. This confirms Tror.p*s theory as given in an eerier paper. 98# AIR FILTERS IK Alh-COI.-pITIOKIlTG SYSTEMS. F. B. Rowley. liefrig. Eng in., 32, pp. 322-326 (Her., 1936). .j The author has compared both dry and viscous filters, using the standard A.S.H.V.E, procedure. Carbon black and ash were used in one series and lycopodium powder in another. One test demonstrates the lor.gor lifo of & filter v/hose air passages become progressively smaller in tire direction of air flow, as compared with a uniform filter. Several other tests show the higher dust-arresting power of a viscous or cil-coatcd filter having the same resistance as a similar dry filter. Lycopodium, typical 'f pollens, is oasily filtered from the air. 99# FAN SELECTION AND NOMENCLATURE. A. A. Bcrcstneff. Refrigerating Eng in., 32, pp# 175-179 (1936). -- This article is informative and valuable, not so much on the choice of fans as in clearing the nomenclature of fan engineering. It goes a long way in clearing up much of the confusion in the conception of static pressure at the inlet and outlet of a fan. 100. THE M0R3ID LINER. D. E. Dickson. Edinburgh lied. J., 43, pp. 696-705 (Nov*, 1936). -- Reports on miners1 health in Scotland show a sickness rate among miners, equal to twice that of all other males in Scotland. The author, a medical practitioner in a mining town, socks an explanation, end discusses various pessiblo faoters. He concludes that the root of the trouble lies in tbo rapid development of machine mining within the past 20 years. Machine-mining is accompanied by a speeding up cf production, and the individual becomes just a ccg in the wheel and has to keep up with the pace set by the machinery. Miners complain about this pressure cf work. Tho feeling is net one of aotive discontent with conditions of work, but of passivo dissatisfaction, almost going as far as being n repression. The men have not the some pleasure in their work as formerly, ane they would, giver, an opportunity, stop work at a day* s notico, simply Per the sake of not having to go down the pit under present conditions* * T..? e-.trre aryr'.Yc 'tr' V--tlrvb. they are driven harder under present eruditions; it is net a question cf wages. 03117750 References to Recont Literature 10 HMBB-0007824 / A a 101. DISA3LIKG ILLNESS AITCG mJUSTFJAL EITLOYEES IK 1935 AS COMPARES KITH EARLIER YEARS, D, K. Brundage. U, S. Pub. Health Service, B.-1700, pp, 11 (mimeographed) 1936# The annuel number of oases of sictecas and nonindustrial accidents lasting 8 days or longer was *ighcr in 1935 than in 1933 or 1934 but lowor than for 1930, 1931 or 1932. Diseases of the circulatory system were more frequent in 1935 than in the preceding 5 year period. Influenza was more frequent in 1935 than in 1934, but less so than in the average for the five years* Other diseases charged but slightly. (The author's svomiary does not give percentages for tho above). In female workers, nonindustrial accidents and casos of siclniess decrcasod about 2$. 102* SICKNESS AnONG MALE INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYES DURING THE SECOND QUARTER AND THE FIRST HALF OF 1956. D. K. Brundago, U. S. Pub* Health Repte., jft, pp* 16751677 (Dec* 4, 1936), This report gives statistics for the first half and second quarter of 1936, similar to the preceding abstract. For all respiratory disease# the rate fer tho second quarter was 2% highor than in 1935, Jheumonia increasod 4$, and non-respiratory diso&sos inereased 1.7$, A downward trend in new cases of tuberculosis was noted. 103, A STUDY OF TUBERCULOSIS DEATHS IK SILVER BOW COUNTY, MONTANA, AND OF OTHER HffOETtflT CAUSES OF DEATHS IN MINERS, J. H* Crouch. Am. Rev. Tuberculosis, 33, rp. 396-403 (1936). Tn this locality tho mortality rate fr tuberculosis onor.g oepper miners was 755 per 100,000 over a period of 15 years, against 180 for other adult males, 43 for females and 19 for all under age 20, The effect of the industry is emphasized by comparison with similar rates for Indians, which were 530 per 100,000 fer males, 592 for females and 537 for juveniles. The mortality rates among minors for accidents and for aouto respiratory disease is also very high, Tho tuberculosis rate has declined approximately 50$ during the 15 years under review. (The abstractor notes that no informa tion on dust exposure is given, but that there con be littlo deubt that the high tuberculosis mortality represents occupational silicosis). 104* INVESTIGATION 0? THE MINERALS THAT CAUSE SILICOSIS. B. Gossner. Sprcchsaal 69, pp. 601-602, 616-617 (1936). A study of dusts and silicosis was made ir. soveral porcelain factories, with special attention to the question whether sericito is a cause of silioesis, as propounded by Jones, Chemical analyses of raw materials and products were made, Microscopic examinations and x-ray powder spoctra are inadequate. The analyses ir. one factory where silicosis occurred showed no mica in any fom, including coricite, On the other hand, the dust in two coal nines was found to originato from a calcareous sandstone containing considerable muscovite. However, the workers were free of silicosis. The author concludes the mica is not the- dclctorious material. Another factor in the c#usation of silicosis is the presenoe or absonce of br.sic material. In the sandstone quarries in France and the Palatinate, where quartz and. kaolin are abundant, silicosis is widespread, While it is rare in coal nines where the dust has similar composition. The author attributes the d.ifforence to the presence of line in the mines, and similarly r.oc mints for the absonce of silicosis in basalt quarries and its rarity among granite workers (which does net check with American experience). He says: retardation of the effect of free silica by a base is not a meohanieal ;~ior. but prevents the chemical combination ef the silioa with the lung tissue, Mineralogy shows that silica is easily displaced from combination. In the same way, the presence of a base would prevent this combination from tak* ing place," The question whether alumina has similar retarding effeot is then discussed, and the author's answer is that the prevalence of silioosie in potteries where the alumina content of raw materials is high shows that it has not. 03117751 1 _______ v--,: IM HWBB-0007813 HWBB-080781^ c Document TT) Review For Confidentiality 300 - S 0 0