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"Those Camerons are the bestinsurance we've got!" Ha llhlf *Q8af caatral aaR W*ii U math pratactiaa: Jwift cfawn af mma. apamrtfif aat*M wMhia Hiy mad *1 fa drttiar, talMaWinf mm ftkinj fa a paaitiaa aaal aa4 a ytowH wfa ratafia* thraafh daa4 ram*; tlam rai* a* ppfMimmtatr 9 tm t (watt pmacara r*. dW*y amMvraJ, *fi)ifata *f *l 0/titvr* ** halfaf data ram*, aatf (with mm eha*|a 4a*if* which ftarmitt chaajmf #f fat*** ** mm* ia a amttar af mtaata*. Camara* Prtt*wrm0par*ta4 Vawawt Prawaatart **4 ffaritM VaWa* ara yaw haw feiaraaca afamt* batartfairt wait pmrurra*. Mam *arri** a wildcat ar a wall w a praaaa hifh f*tar* araa. ha wr* yraat 4ritt| ta*ir*l artin ara at a4*v*t aauv a*4 tmdatti da>*i ... ha *r* tfcay'ra Camera**! ifiut name m duffing confuf CAMERON IRON WORKS, INC. f, 0. I0X 1212 a HOUSTON. TEXAS Upft! 74 Tttt#r Pimm, N# Imrk, M. f. t*ara*aaW Sa fa *faH>*i by: rhnh OUfiaM Ia*i**wf Ca., trt., Oaba't Caart. it. iamaa't. Iwfa* S'**- 8 v <* . . * -, * * Engineer wntsMvar. Drilling and Producing COMBINED EDITION .gguggsi j T.jHi^awrgrnm Rtfuting uni Gas Practising 03 and Gas Piptlking . mm) voiUi nv wummi 4 OENEUl Kut S*4# nf thf juUkrt Amin jl r. u.Cmm I'uul I. X*. Atlm^ilr (Joints Ms /W Ctki Oil and C#a in Atskams rwi^ B. /nn A-**. A-4l A.JI A4I F--tarft C**n* nf Oil . A*4 R'jrii lit# Riliiwi . A4 Ili|hli|lili I* OiltlMl A.\0 |*Hr*iir IVromtlilira .M2 Dirk S*fdJ-- IUhIm* .. - AM PrtmWai PraSU .. A-AX r. c. Shfiif Canmt Nava ... ... T-l GasrraJ P#hmI . . 012 TV Prtrnlroa Ka*infw` Cmimiwiii TaMe i r.M K*. 177) lnnah k lUmrf .. r. B.**i . KZB Oil and Cm Trade Haw >:* Trad* PmnaaU - F.-M \>% Msdtinrry ini SapriWs ............. . Trail* IJtmiatr MC4#? f' frfttUIND AND nOOUCIMD 4<j*'l*n ' Uni i4i Umim MtK}*rt*V tanna 'W;" . . . . r. . I II Mil II In Mitl -- r ftrotro lUd* i I* %ImI IV|i# CiJImJ* mt lnin Origin m Mad tmiini \|#iil* a **d U. Rwro fa*t*jr*iin nf riimpiai I'nit Jmtt L. C*niu>* PrtroJrum Kiplnniiwi and IVvaiupmant in Front* . Ik, /. Sprdrirf IWIlifiji and (|iW(iin Mniml* L (Ml Rnrnn Nraiml irr Una* Unaiiif f. X. Catffat (impliytkil Ki|tlniwii 1`anw nf Asa Sitmutt/ tUmm*# (mM Mm) rmpisMi In lla IHntak Unit M. 0. nimrkft sad FiUimm J, Kmifkt T> la* Flflil, Mnrgan (amlf, fabnk C X. .W Gnat TftfMit In (antml IWIttn* /A* KtM ** n# fMi. Cnlnradn . 3m V. S. 0)1 Rmmi Op ttro BOUmi ftnmW ........................................ Mark U|h Afat* Oil F.ipkmdnn . -IS H.IA tt-SI tt.sa tu:s B-7S B*9 *.* IW*W M* IMQI B*I03 Pmentbif . . Pnwiuriat Nana Vkat'a Asian in IMm Xoofofo* R.J ft>}04 R.MR FtpUnifan Anittair* Ranaiac Trot WUk Un in <W Mnrtrr ium IM RffJNJN 4N0 DAS PXOCfSSlHO Mun i'ntalyain-->Kefning,a W*ldt4 I'A Arrk L Ft!ff llrm Tranafrr In Xplnl CiU ..... - . 1/. d. A'*/#. A A Anadnit, /. /. J/cXffftfc A. Inanlaikin Mfihmii (of Almldfl TCC Onii C>22 S. A*. kmiM Frtfnrhrniinta from I tiff Caa-Fid I rmt V. f-W Salnia (Vanins . ... f-3t I'farroi R. Iiw< (Mina Ttnn Mainirnanm .. //nrd f. Orfo (Vll RrialkMKtiin nf Fnrnaro Valum* and iirat Ralnaa* .... 0. F. 6nuAkt| _ _. T*i1 llpdrona Calrinni XilUntr Urol tnanUtlnn C. SAnamn OSS Kro Annifliro! Mthnla .......................... PWafaprapAic Ommiaadaa / fine ia 00a //* a Smirf CiJnt C*4t%n Hfttt /af da/Aar /'ni'al Ap|W/u CAJ CfipmlM Salfur ItraHnf Can* .... CLSda . C AS fnrolaflns Carorn--A Vrroniiln Knal Saw . 0?S TC >f(nnln| Pfaro* Rs***nrotna CiuJnt Wv4inan *Marr VlrUa SI 40% Arwroitaa - 7. C. 4fin#M 079 os Him lid* (VIUi Va*M l. I'ormaarM Sralfald Rwlfl ami (W.ilm .. C>?A AalMMtiC Tllft Tiroimroi Fmdrf ... C41 Mkarit Pbian Kinp lar Pampa -------- - -- C PU CiuninniiMi at F.acm Pimp PacUm........ _C4I Tar llroirr C4I Crtah Vtriac Orartnro Cast Support Krackrt.. .. C42 StaiAimnStrr) Ctroltr*VtW PaiM . .# c-tt IMtn tad FaU-Vim DUi .. C42 5ldr Rasa Uvd far Latrfint Pipr .. ... fMfma KrAainc and Caa Ka&alai tad Cat Pnwwiai Nroa M _ C44 Promaiaf Paranalit. c oa AND GAS etrtUMHG iIwMntOinca Ua# Undrr Cannwwiaa Tmid N. Lmt . OS Pwiwilw Carins* far Pip Liana If. C. SjMa*/ar PAO*a 3nr*y nf Tronafronaiinn Mroda ... D-7 .. - D-34 Oar nf Aluminum ftpa in Oil Canftir? Annlirsiinna . . ... ............ ... - ISIS fSiimn . ifnrro. Jr. TV# Vnf<frnpaatlai Pip Uns Serapar ... rvss X. Far A`af EmIvcm PWmrUl____________ DM PlmLina OQ tad Cm nnj--a ------------- Piprliaiat Nrro____D47 Vbli (An Plpn Um t*lp Una Pmuili --. D47 Cmwcwi ------ 1 *\ . . -a . . IHf PfTIOLfUM DiClNCfR, Apt, If32 Kaylo Heat Insulation is a hydrous calcium silicate' a revolutionary heat-saving materialroutstanding both in performance and ease of application. kayio pirt msuuttoh u Kwxiiowal SiaaSarS* af ihiduitMM a*S Siamataa far wtvf MtJiAf, w*a aacanery. 10W "K" FACTOR--Billion. 0 copic air spaces which compose the structure of Kaylo Heat Insulation give it exceptional insulating value. TEMPERATURE RANGE UP T01200 F. --Kaylo Heat Insulation eliminates the need for combination coverings in nearly ell operat ing conditions. LONG SERVICE UFE-K.yloHe.tln.ul.- tion remains dimensionally stable, strong and efficient over the years--although exposed to temperatures up to 1200*F. INSOLUBILITY IN WATER--Even when saturated, Kaylo Heat Insulation retains about 85% of its strength. It returns to its original strength after drying. HIGH STRENGTH--Breakage of Kaylo Heat Insulation is almost negligible in shipping and installation--workmen can walk on insulated equipment without causing breakage. LIGHT WEIGHT--Since Kaylo Heat Insula* tion weighs only XI pounds per cubic foot, it is exceptionally easy to handle and apply. WIDE RANGE OF SIZES AND SHAPES --Kaylo Heat Insulation's unmatched selec tion of sixes and shapes reduces the number of pieces required per job. EASE OF CUTTING AND FITTING-Or dinary tools of the trade are used to install Kaylo Heat Insulation. Tha malarial is non* irritating to the skin and non-toxic. ftr SataR* an ! f lit* * af Kayla Maat Inwlatiaa, rHa D*f. N-J4S, Owiu ffiwii 6<au Ca** M*>v. *yW OWitito, TalaSa 1, OM* u/iieit catatog calcium silicata ...pioneered by O^^ENS^)* ILLINOIS Glass Company maim ormii tolioo i, onio-katlo ialis omctsi auanta ioston sumalo cnicaso ewcimtATt ciiviiamo emeu howsto* minniapoms tw yok Oklahoma citt MiiAetiMtA mrsiuteN at. town wasmimsiom THE PETROLEUM ENGINEER, April, 1952 U attala aura iaftnaaMaa aa SfaSwtH eOnrtHaS m W idition <o Port Arthur. 'of Gulf Oil Corporation, hydrous calcium silicate. . among the first to recognize j Improved materiafs and methI industry has quickly aciaev beat Insulation material of j calcium silicate type. A __ reacted mixture ol lime and containing small amounts of fiber for hinging action, the _.ritl looks quite similar to other 'femlating materials common!' _ industry. It is not glass. In outappearance, its distinguishing titties are an almost chalky and a comparatively smooth texture, even when sawed, rly made hydrous calcium silidifferent from other insulating ib now on the market because unique combination of physical eristics. Although it has a denonly 11 lb per cubic foot, it has rage flexural strength in excess 1 pat and a compressive strength of [paL Insolubility in water and incomiKty are two more of its outstandfefearacteriscics. It is effective throughthe entire temperature range from i to 1200 F. Because its thermal conily is conservatively stated at 0.39 |!00 mean or 0.54 at 500 mean ternMute, it is frequent practice to fify Win. less thickness for Kaylo Jition than for "combination" inling materials in the range from 500 [1200 surface temperature. ms new material is produced under Hydrous Calcium Silicate Heat Insulation Extremely light weight--11 lb per cubic foot--makes handling easy; Simplified Dimensional Standards facilitates nesting and application E. C. SHUMAN* numbered Re. 23.228. 2.547.12?. .. ^her pending patent applications. Wrou, calcium silicate insulation used principally in the medium ! temperature range, because it trn, range that the material per- s to greatest advantage. It may be also as a low temperature insulai,Provided proper vapor seals are `P'oyed. twt rou> ca^c*um "iiicate insulation u.clR of certain types have been .__ hetured and sold commercially by ^ r***r<*h. Knylo Div'mion. Owrni. 0<jmpny. Owens-Illinois GU" Company since 1943. The storv of how this company researched and developed the non-glass insulating material is interesting. It is also an inspiring example of the Ameri can Way. Without the vision, resources, and technical know-how of "big busi ness." this material would not be on the market today. Development of hydrous calcium -ilicate products began in 1938. The company wanted materials of construc tion to supplement its Insulux glass EXCLUSIVE iE PETROLEUM ENGINEER, April, 1952 block, alreadv well-e-tablished. and it had a great deal of manufacturing and engineering experience with the two principal markets ued in hydrous cal cium silicates--lime and sand. Many other companies and groups have experimented with various hydrous calcium silicate products. Work had been done in Germany in the eariv 1930's. Several independent research or ganizations and manufacturing compa nies in the I'nitcd States and Canada had attempted to develop commercial materials during this period. One group was able to produce experimentally C-55 V l *V:M *.r r Applicator saw* pipo insulation to fit short run. Standard forms of hydrous dacium silicate heot insulation Chart of sizes, forms, and thicknesses of hydrous calcium silicate insulation. NOMINAL THKKNHS Of INSULATION SKTIONAl i 4 t ! II x*,J?ua IS 14 l? It It SB 11 a 11 14 U u V It a X it u M 14 St M 41 a n i J_. ~ 1 ,,_______i___________________________j__________ 1 t! i i - ~l j . I -.--jl lijU t St*r an lift-- : i r !" i i-- " i ; i I J **" ! 3(B jt|B 3|l H|l ______i --i-- _________|____________________ i__________i_________ Sl 1 ?!* L . i ! jl ^ -*ISI j p 41------------------------------2|------------------------------- 11 : ! 1 ! sn r 41--!-- 1 K-m i 41-------------------------------it-- aysr-| i --------------r................................^ sag'jl u r ---------------!-------------------------------- i 1 'wapwr 1' | unu un tMf 1 IMUH ttttu urn ) t"" t ttttu uta ] IMT I Ttl-StOMtNTAl ouAp-siemNUi (SIQBtNTAI limited quantities of a calcium silicate product which they called Mieroporite, it was a structural material, and then is an experimental house on Long Islaad today. which is built almost entirelvof ibis material. except thoe parts that are exposed to weather. L'ntil the company's physicists, -'hemits. and engineer* -unlied the compo nent materials and learned the detail* -if their reaction?. however. no one had produced a stable, uniform product with the advantages now found in the bydrocalcium silicate. Research had reached the pilot plant' *tage of manufacturing by die outset of j World War ff. Hydrou calcium silicate heat insulation, then being made 'at a converted brick plant at Berlin. Nr* Jersey, was approved by the U. S. Narrj which used it for marine msulattool Even in those early days, the mater proved stronger, more durable, easier to handle than others tested. After the War. construction began > a quarter-mile-long manufacturing pi at Sayreville. New Jersey, and mitral luring of hydrous calcium silicate beg there in March. 1948. The original plant at Berlin. New, >ev. where the forerunner of todaj hvdrous calcium silicate heat insular was first produced, has been rerac and enlarged almost continually ti o cornea sizable and modern factory, the outside looking much like a typ gloss plant. The glassman who ?s it. however, finds himself in grange i roundings. v, , ,. The Sayreville. New Jersey, plant,, though little changed on the out- *inoe its construction, has underj extensive change within duringitje four years as the company has perte improved processes. 056 THI ffTKOUUM ENGIN66*. Calcium Silicates |{dum silicates, of course, are not to the chemist. Portland cement be called a calcium silicate, for -;xe. Even *ome types of glass can he calcium silicates, although being products, they are not tvpical ers of -the famiiv. Kayio in-ulahowever, is a chemically reacted juct. and is a permanently set and ^le product when it leaves the plant. tUnd cement is an incompletely re chemical compound insofar aBite use is concerned and does not its permanent set until mixed water. Class is a fused product no water, its raw materials melted blended at high temperatures, be manufacturing of hydrous calsilicate insulation is essentially a aical reaction operation. Lime, asbestos, and water are mixed to a slurry that is poured into metal is to shape the desired product. The lion of this slurry is accelerated by use of elevated temperature? in pressure vessels called indurators. induration, or hardening, the ma il is dried to practical commercial limits. It should be noted that, because a chemical reaction is involved, there is no "binder" in any Kayio insulation. The millions of tiny air spaces per cubic inch that are left in the material after the moisture is driven off give thiinsulation its light weight and low ther mal conductivity. Every cubic foot of insulation contains so many tiny air -paces that the total area of the surface nrnmnding them is about 100 acres. Bv varying the proportion of water in tiie formulation it is possible to obtain products in various densities. As the density increases, strength becomes greater and insulating value less. The density of 11 lb per cubic foot presently used for heat insulation was established after long research as the one that rep resents the optimum combination of physical characteristics for that use. from a practical viewpoint. A 20-lb per cubic foot hydrous cal cium silicate i manufactured also, in the form of two building products--in sulating roof tile, for roof decking, and core material, for fabrication by other manufacturer- into fireproof doors and wall panels. Uniqu* Combination of Physical Characteristics The fire resistance of hydrous calcium -ilicate is due to its mineral composi tion. which withstands high tempera tures. It will withstand service tempera tures as high as 1200 F for an indefinite period, without loss of thermal efficiency. Actually, because exposure to high tem peratures drives off residual moisture, the thermal efficiency of the material improves after installation and use. As might be presumed from its struc ture. hydrous calcium silicate has a high absorption: yet it is not permanent damaged by wett'ng. Even when satu rated. it retains a high proportion of jtnormal strength, and after drying it re gains it- normal strength and insulating value. It does not dissolve nor crumble. Ls hvgroscopicity is low. After six hours exposure in an atmosphere of 120 F and 90 per cent relative humidity, for example, it absorbs only 0.9 per cem moisture by volume. With a--pH factor of about 10. Kayio in-ulation is rust-inhibitive. Contact with metal coverings or fasteners, therefore, offers no problem. This includes even Heat loss and surface temperotures of various thicknesses of hydrous calcium silicate pipe insulation applied to 20-in. pipe. Ambient still air 80F. aluminum, unless the insulation is sat urated. The material has remarkable dimen- -ional <cabilitv. 1.inear shrinkage after .4 hours' expu'Ure to a temperature of T50 F i- onlv 0.8 per cent, and only 1.5 per c'-nt atVr exposure to 1200 for the jine length of time. Wide Ronge of Forms [fvdrous calcium silicate he3t insula tion i* nude in two basic forms in which heat m-uiacmg block and pipe inrulalion are further divided into many oilier t"rm-. All unit4 are 36 in. Iona. Fnr th.- in-iilation of flat surfaces mere is Hat blo k. For the insulation of \esi-U frum 0 to 60 ft in diameter, there i- uirved block. Thicknesses from one through live inche* in increments of onehalf inch are available for both forms. Ki.lth. ur-- tiirre. ?ix. nine, twelve, and iglitem inches. For in-ulatii'n of pipe* and tubes from one-half inch to -i.v feet in diameter. kuihi in4uijlion i. made in numerous .rm-, all to Simplified Dimensional "tandard4 -ucce^-dve layers "nest"l. For tube-4 and pipes through twelve mche- in diameters, it is made in sec tional form awo pieces to the circumff-rencet. For diameter? through 24 in.. it is made in tn->egmentdl form i three pieces t.. the circumference). For diatn- -ter4 through 41 in., it is made in quadcgmental form i four pieces to the cir cumference >. For diameters to 6 ft, it is made in k-*egmentai form i pieces nominally 18 in. wide and with various radii of curvature >. Thicknesses range from one inch through five inches, in increments of --tie-half inch. The tn. quad, and k-segmental forms are unique, and are made possible only by the high strength and light weight of the material. On larger pipes, they permit the user to reduce greatly the number of pieces applied to insulate a given surface of pipe and reduce the mini- .......... nit* I :i* ippin jtor :.>r-\ ha:idl-' weight <! * is** mi.u-tmI mak-s i\rK*-r 'imt4 '\w to lilt and nandi* For largo f>,with r-mpwrat.jj. jb"'e 500 F rtm number of pirw t0 . applied i* redo..... ev<n iurther If. ijiige it i' o'tomarv to .ippiv ilui'kiiossc. ..{ other iti'iilaiing dutomai eOO' -artn ^pe orfai in sufficient ttu k n*< ri-dm - the 'emp**ralure t0 ">u,) "r jnd 85 per c-.-nt masne-ia or other nT terial as ani outer layer. Lp to l122oqnq'*_> -ingle laver of hinvdrou4 calcium Jilicm . usually of llees-s-eerr thickness than thef* iner conmmbliiinna.ftioiin -uvt-nnz- '< ^.111 H i*' is needed. \ standard 20-in. pipe with perature of TOO is a good -vanipl^ the labor -aved bv the u*e of hvqro^ . alcimn `ilicate insulation. With standard fornis and ty pe of heat insuU. non. tlie applicator mun handle * piece-4 for each 3 ft of pipe. *_. k-srgmental insulation, lie handles oak three. ** Ml 4izes and thicknesses of this rnto insulation are made to Simplified J)g mensiunal standard14- This system -ievised b' Ray Thomas, ^tarf engjn^ tor Tnion Carbide and Carbon Corp* ration, a? a means of simplifying ^ application ami storage of pre-form^ heat insulation. At the time that Thom^ first published his proposal for the tern, this company was considering sjg. ilar ideas. Hydrous calcium -ilicate among the first, if not the first. insulation to be manufactured in ca torniance with his system. It is nally being adopted bv other msnuf^ turers. Lnder the Simplified Dimension^- standards system, every piece of p: insulation is made with an outside di '-ter that corresponds to that of a s* ard pipe. Lnder the old system, pj- msulation is made in what are ca" standard and double standard t` nesses. So-called standard and d -tandard thicknesses are const- through certain ranges of pipe di eters. Because standard pipe size* often actually larger than their nom diameters te.g., "one-inch" pipe has actual OD of 1.32 in., 'six-inch" an OD of 6.63 in.), pipe msul made to the old system will not a' nest. To overcome this handicap, the plified Dimensional Standards i varies the thickness of the ins from nominal thickness. So-called inch" thick insulation for a one- pipe is actually 1-08 in- thick. . inch" thick insulation for a_"six*- pipe is actually 0.94 in. thick, variations are insignificant as to th conductance land our heat loss c Owens-Illinois plant of Sayrevilie, New Jersey, one of two plant* ' devoted entirely to the production of hydrous calcium siHcote. i rp-tilt is that insulation, made to tin's *vtern will aiwav* nest. Any *ize or thickness will fit -nugly over either a standard pipe or another size or thick ness of insulation. Savings by S.D.S. System The savings anticipated by Thomas in creating the system have proved prac tical. Because of the interchangeability of insulation made to this system, the number of sizes and thicknesses re quired to do a given job is greatly re duced. This is particularly beneficial to the user "ho keeps inventories of mate rial for maintenance. He no longer need keep in stock ail sizes and thicknesses that might be required for his insulated equipment. Instead, he can stock only enough sizes and thicknesses to make up the necessary combinations. If processes are changed after equip ment has been insulated, thereby neces sitating greater insulation thickness, the user can simply apply another layer to his existing insulation. He need not re move the first insulation and apply a new. 'hicker covering. It - worth noting that the 1200 F effective temperature limit of hydrous calcium silicate also applies here. Often insulations must be removed from equipment because new operating tem peratures exceed 500 or 600 F limits of the material. Savings in Application To the engineers who design and specify and to the workmen who apply, the advantages of Kaylo heat insulation products are many, the limitations few. The "limitations'' are tied up with the advantages. One is that the material is so strong and rigid that it cannot be broken and shaped easily around irregu lar surfaces, a not uncommon practice, though not considered good workman ship. On the other hand, it is this strength combined with light weight that makes it possible to manufacture ami apply the insulation in larger sizes than has been previous practice. This -ame -urength make* it possible for the applicator to cut hydrous calcium sili cate insulation to fit irregular surfaces or odd spaces with an ordinary saw. or even with a knife. Applicators who use it learn the new "tricks of the trade" quickly. Applicators appreciate the fact that hydrous calcium silicate is non-toxic and "easy on the hands." And this high strength makes it pos sible to walk on insulated pipes and equipment during installation, and also reduces the amount of insulation break age during construction. The insulation foreman on a large refinery project in Illinois where this insulation was used throughout, remarked recently that the wasted insulation for the entire job coultf be hauled away in a pick-up truck. Estimators are learning to use a 'mailer breakage factor when hydrous calcium silicate is specified. It is not unusual for applicators to mix crushed magnesia insulation with water to form a paste and force it into small areas to be. insulated. Hydrous calcium silicate, being insoluble in water, cannot be used this way. This Telescope of secfionol Hydrous colcium siiicote pipe insulation, illustrating hew Simplified Dimensional Standards allows nesting. unit "ater insolubility, however nates damage from rain before *coating on outside job*, and a., need for replacing insulation it -t"dter leak* occur in insulated Refining towers, insulated but weathercoated. have withstood rains and high winds without -is- Hvdrous calcium silicate insula: applied in the same manner as insulating material*. It is ava enher with or without canvas cov' and can be -trapped, wired or o to surfaces being insulated. Pa;r any type compatible witn an a-V 'urface can be used. Its nail and holding power are better than avIt has good affinity for insuiaun, finishing cements. Due to its compatibility with a f adhesives, plus the fact that it to Simplified Dimensional Stan, hydrous calcium silicate pipe insu. as well as block may be *hiplapp order. Shiplapped insulation gether like shiplapped lumber. ; ing staggered joints in single lay plication. Skilled applicators often their own shiplapping in the field, a saw or even a chipping hamme The variety of forms of heat tion that can be made in the plan the field by sawing, drilling, lamir or combinations of them is almo? less. Skillful, conscientious wu have found numerous shortcuts these methods. The engineer a: estimator need only to decide product promises to be the mor nomical for their requirements. Although a relative newcomer field this heat insulation is a material in the oil refinery and ii essing field. Among the compame it for major installations are Texas. Gulf. Sinclair. Standard Jersey, Standard of Indiana. Si of Ohio. Standard of California.: Pure Oil. Imperial Oil. Phillip?. Cities Service, and Humble. cv.i',VKJFFS Aorit