Document qka6MgXJMjbggqQD6QnaYy8DG

IZ.L ^') Asbestos health question perplexes \\ f ii asked In i.niiuii-ni un research small that rletection is extremely difli- ilini i inn'* In-torc an internal imial i nn i nit and time consuming, placing re li-ri rii ! i*n lIn- hto|cgu-a) clh-cts ot in- stramls on I fie scojie of research that gi-sti-d asbestos in Durham. N.f'.. last can la- reasonably undertaken. month. Mr. t'inil K. Hull nf Rrnilmg IVrba|is the most serious rliffi I niM-ril\. England. summed up the culty in asbestos research, however, is Piling "I i he win Or ionferenee m hi- the very long jieriod between initial ex- rr|HiiiM- l lu- main question m Ik- in leisure and evidence of biological ef- \ i-vt igated. hi- "sincl. i Does nsliestos leels. In the ease of mesothelioma. an mallrr. nr ilm-sii'l il" asla-stos indmial cancer of the linings ('minlit; alter innri- than III vi-nrs nl of the abdomen and chest, this time published research nti the Ihologienl ef- ja-riiaf is usually `J.*>toyears. li-i i- nf asbestos n-scim h ttint has Asla"stiis is any of several silicate In-i-n great 1v intetisili<-d mcr Ihi- |.at minerals existing in fibrous form. The in \i*nr in ilm I S mill iilirn.id litis Kcr/eni/ /fi'i'/sfer lists six main types nf ~i'i-ins a vorv preliminary i|111--I nm in itslaistos mineral, each with its own -iill In- iinilrr an nl i t*:i I Mi. Neverthe chemical cniiipnsiiinn. To add further less. all hough asln-stip^ is known In eonfusioii. each of these chemical raiisf si-\i-ri- lung damage and In raise forms exists in both n fibrous or "as- tin- likelihood nf certain earners devel hestiform" variety and in a tionfihrous oping following heavy ex|xisures. the ty|ie that is sometimes considered an elli-ii nf smaller dnsi-s on ihe (tenernl nsliestos mineral and sometimes not. /V ` pnpiilnimn isn 't ai all dear. Chrysotilc asbestos is the most dis Il seems verv larlelehed thill tisln-s- tinct asbestos form and the one most . / 4 v tns enutd lie dangerous. Ilr. Hull says, widely used in industry. A magnesium Chrysolite libers In lung tissue lull il il is. i hen every mie is in very se silicate hydroxide, chrysntile exists in rums trouble. And indeed they would nature as a bundle of very small fibrils, The research workers at Ihe confer In- Il seems likelv tlint asliespis occurs each less than 5 microns in length and ence expressed great hope that ad naluralK m iinieli "I the drinking alaml <1.2 micron in diameter. These fi vances in automated analysis would water in the I S. Knvirmiriieiilal ex|m- brils are hollow, and (heir large surface make more extensive sampling possible sure in il is inert-used by filtration nf area and relatively high surface charge by culling down on the time required certain beverages anti phnrnint eulieals allow for great adsorption of trace for analyzing each sample. Dr. Eugene through asbestos filters, ( sod exten- metal ions to these particles. I'. While of Pennsylvania State I'ni- sivt-lv in ennsiriuiiini lor its fireproof The other asbestos minerals, collec versity. for example, described a com in; tpialilii". a'hes|os lonlammal t-' tively referred to as the nmphilmU- ptitorizcfl system for examining small I lie air in mosi oflite buildings and mincriils. have a significantly larger particles using a scanning electron mi stores An exaininaimn of Inn" sretioti' fiber diameter and are solid fibers. croscope that is currently used in his ol people living anti working in New They have sodium, calcium, and iron Inlmratury for analysis of coal mine 'i ork ( iiv ha* shown some fibers in the occurring in their lattice structures, in dust. lungs ol everv jierson examined. Simi addition to magnesium and randomly The most serious deterreti' to under lar results probably enttld be found m substituted trace metal ions. Although standing the biological effect of ingest- am oi her urban area in the nation. not used as extensively for industrial ed and inhaled nsliestos. however, is Clearlv. ihert- is a need to determine purposes, the amphibole minerals com- the long incubation jierind of certain whether this eoiistanl and widespread e v posit re is ha/iiritoiis. To help evalu ate ihe danger associated with nsliestos ex|sisure as a is now understood and to examine new direeiioiis in researeh to munlv are found as contaminants of tale, chrysntile, nml other widely Used minerals. Chrysntile fibrils are Ion small to he detected by conventional optical mi asbestos-induced effects. Asbestos workers in the shipbuilding imlustrv in the l.K. in the liTWl's begun to develop statistically high incidences of the pre viously rare cancer form mesothelioma enable a more romplete understanding croscopy. To identify these particles in the lute IffcVTs. more than 211 years o| the effects of asbestos ingestion and positively. Dr. Arthur M. I-anger of after their nsliestos ex|aisure. Since exposure, the National Institute of Hit- Mt. Sinai School of Medicine in New that time, many other cases of the dis vironmental Health Sciences and the York City explains, a combination of ease have been rejmrted in patients Km irontnental Protection Agencv transmission electron microscopy, se who worked with nsliestos to In |smsoie(l l.-si month's conlerence. At lected area diffraction, and micto- years earlier. tended Iiv sonic I.in scientists and pub- chemical analysis is needed. Others be Dr. Irving -I. Selikoff. director of the la health officials from 1'.' coiinl'ics. lieve that scanning electron micro Knvironmental Health Sciences Center the conference emphasized the limited scopes could lie useful in delecting at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, pre amount of information available on the chrysntile in combination with some sented data to the conference from sev effects of low-level, prolonged ex|m- tyjie of chemical identification, but all eral mortality studies of occupnlionullv siire. The scientists aNo {minted out agree that the main drawback to any exposed nsliestos workers in New York how iliffii u11 it is to obtain accurate rifled ion technique that requires elec and New Jersey. His studies show in informal am on i lu-se cffi els tron microscopy is the time involved creases in interthnracie cancer and There are three scrums difficulties in for each analysis ahout one man-day mesothelioma more ihnn 20 years after delermintng the effects ol asbisaii* on per sample. Any investigation of the heavy hsIk-sIos exposure. human health, the eiinference s|M-akers occurrence of asbesios in the general In addition, he found (hat although agreed: The term nslwstos itself i- mis leading. lor it eniompusses a whole population or in the environment must consequently be very limited in scope. Atnphilaile asbestos fillers are larger. lung cancer deaths Hid not appear to he more frequent among nonsmoking asliesto. workers than among the gen group of minerals that are distinct Hut they also require sulilight micro- eral nonsmoking pnpulntinn. ihev were irom eai h other in chemical ioie|iosi- sco|ies for careful examination and very much more frequent among smok tion. part nil- 'i/e and probable liiolog- u.llefle, i \t im these n.irlnle. ;ife so cannot l>e (insiinel.v identified without additional mil rovhcmii al or selective an a diffract inn anaK m- ing nsliesins workers ihim among other smokers. In one stndv of IT.stxt ashes, los insulation workers, m whom l.*.V,i C/5 --f CD CD NO cn cn --J cn  / ' s .-r <S '> `,! >tt , >. * u*'f jj/0/>>'^r Among equipment drawing visitors to exhibits ,vo .1 motion!*''*s nufr *> ' Cht}rfrs Ross & Son Co (toft). i hne of centrifuges, from Ct,ntf**'0 f,4t ttop right) ,met vessels from R Goth & Sons On Dietrich division i.thov1 right i ST0095676 dermal Inver l-w to the cn-lrointi-ii mil trail, incesterl a-la-stie- is verv |H>rlv ah-nrlH-d. if at all. Ifirmich the iininc of the -lummli anil inlnii Ilr. John M < I lav i- nt the Institute nl Utcupiilinnid Medicine. Kdinhurclt. Sent hind, multi detect no nslie-topa--inc tbrunch the -luniach nr inle-ti mil wall- uf rafihits fed a-tH-ln- filier- in In- inlmrnlnrv. However. Itr. If. I). I'onlefrnet of the fitniidiun Kood l<e search lailmrniories injected an ii-Ih-- lu-- -mii|)le directly into the sli-mncli- of lalxirnlnrv animals and was able to detect alaaii n.l'X uf his sample in the epitlerm. In studies with lailmons. Dr. \Vefister found lhal very little incited asla-stos |M-tM-trates the walls of the sinmnch an<t colon and that nlnim-t all that does is of the smaller ehrysntile tv|k*. Studies with inhaled asbestos also show lhal the fiber that is ab- snrlied is |ireduminntly the chrvsotile type. Conclusive evidence un the effect uf envirunmental levels of iisliestos on man. nr even reliable estimates uf what that level is. will not lie available fur some lime. In the meuntime. current asliestos eX[H>sure may lie eansinc can- cers that will not Ik- detestable until (he next venture. Thus, representative- of ri-culapirv agencies present al the i iiiili-rein e aciee with a-iic-to" ri-scan li workers that ii-Im--Iu- presents im much of a threat to human health to Ik- u.-ed indiscriminately until cnnclu- -ive ev idence is availuhle. There is not yet eumplete acreement. however, on were -m.ikcrs. there were live In -ix search Institute fur Occupational Dis what sort nf reculatiun should Ik- im nine- the predicted number uf denthfmm lime cancer amunc the smoker-. A -mailer -tudv uf iii-ulntinu workers in New York showed 10 times the ex eases in !uhannesbur)>. Republic uf Suuth Africa. |n|d Ihe cnnferencc nf a massive effort by the Smith African Kovemmenl In establish the dancer uf plemented. Dr. William Kisenltcr;* <>f the Knud and Drue Administration explain- that il is rmt jmssible lor KDA in run elei pected nunila-r nf death- caused tiy ashestu- exposure. Suuth Afriea mines tr-n microscopy analyse- nt all the pu- Inn" cancer amonu the workers who huth amphibole and ehrysntile lypes nf tential sources uf asln-st-is cnnl ammo -tanked cienrctUs. asbestos, 'the envernment hn|H-> tu linn under its jurisdiction. At present, Ihe ipn-stion uf imr-i concern In d'ncluct mortality studies un all nf the analysis liv polarized lijchl microscopy public health officials. and (he area uf wurkefs in these mines sinee 1!I-Y<. is used tu determine purity nt finals mn-i inteii-ivc re-c-arch at present. is Most of the workers cmne fmni no- and drucs. even thnuch this method the effect uf a-liestii- ex|m-ure al inter madic crmip- livinc in 'he de-ert re- probably mis-t-s many uf the - mailer mediate level- and the effect nf low- "inns nf South Africa. Thev murk in the anzl more easily absorbed ashestu- fi level expo-ure tu a-he-tu- in cnmliina- mines fur brief period- then n t urn to llet- that may lie present in these ma umi ivnh lu level- uf nther rareinn- their homes, makinc them verv diffi terials. KD.Vs main concern, accurdinc lien- that are ulieti prevent in the cult to keep track nf. Nevertheless. Ihe to Dr. K.i.-cnhcrg. is with parenteral environment envernment hope- tu lie aide in follow times rather than with side-lance- that Ke-eireh mi Ihe-e ipie-tinn- lakeInn direelinri-. The mu-1 reliable iafnrm.ilmn mi ihe health hazard uf a-lie-- it sulistantial number uf these workers and determine, at the very least, which asbestos forms are the must dancemus enter the IwkIv thmitch the ca-truintetine i trad, since relativelv small amounts of incested iisIm-Ios ap|H-ar In tu- In man mill dime Irnnt nite uf the re-eareh ilireetiun-. -tialii-- iif the ef(eii "f ihe mineral nti man himself. I ha-. fhe -fuilie- that I)r Selikutf and hi- .i--ui iale- have Ixi'iui mi a-lie-tnmnrker- m New Anrk and New .ler-ev are i> inu eunlintied and expanded. Ilr. "-elikeff (mint- mu that there are -erne i a-e- nf me-uthelinnta in New .ler-ev lh.it i annul lie 1 raved I" anv a-ln-lnev|ni-iire Tlie-e are In-in" (unher in ve-ti".iied iu -t-i- U a i an--e tnr lhem tail lie Imnid Multiple effect enrrela tiiui-. -in h a- that between 'icart-lle -mukiii" and a-lie-lu- filter mhalatmil, are hem" Inuked fur al-n Ilr lati Ueli-ter nt 1 hr N'atmnal Re i inc-. The nther dim-limi o| nirrenl a-lic-- tu- re-earch use- liilmratnry amriial- In -tudy del ails of the effect nt the tiliernn tissues. The drawback- nf makinc inference- from animal model- were re peatedly |)ointed mil by -|ieaker- ai ihe ennferem-e. K.-peciallv in ram er re- -earch. different animal -jH-cie- often re-pond -ub-lamiallv dilferemh in the -ami- acetlt Cunsetpienllv. many dilferenl animat model- inul la- u-eil and compared if animal re-[mnse i- in lie reliable extraimlaied in human.-. Animal -Indie- seem to-how lhal al1 hunch inhaled a-tie-ti- can tie luurtd in I lie diaphracm. liver, and tile cpi IH-netrate the body. I.a-t September KDA la-gan takinc -t('|i- In eliminate the use uf aslicslns fillers in the pro durtinn u( parenteral drii"-. KI'A s Cordon Kvcretl call- |nr stan dardization uf report inc data -n that the neces-arilv limited .imniinl nt data collected in cadi study can Ik- tiselullc compared with result- front other -tnd u>. He |minl nut that information up the biolocical elfcci- ol a-hc-tn- i- verv liouled and lhal Ihe illi-ci- ul manv a-lio-ln- -uli-l itule- liavt- not lieeti irive-licated at all. Ifelorc a-lK--|o- n-c ibamierl. it should he certain that a -.tier iilieriintnc i- available, lie i.ni t n >ii - ST0095677 DC '0 '9?3 CAEN 1! CcWr-SENCE PAPERS . ,, LYON^J^A !>JCfcrOeTC3f5rT973 it. M t). ^ ST0095678 Lyon Conference Papers Ahlmon, K.; Portonen, T.J.; Rintalo, E.; & Wiikeri, M. Anthophyllite Mining and Milling os a Came of Asbestosis. Akehurst, R.L. The 1969 Asbestos Regulations - Tholr Economic Appraisal. Allison, A.C. Effects of Asbestos Particles on Macrophages, Mcsothollal Cells and Fibroblasts. Ashcroft, T.; & Hopplcston, A. G. Quantitation of /asbestos Fibres in Lung Tissue. Bocklahe, Margaret R. Assessment of Methods Used in the Studies of the Biological Effects of Asbestos -- C. Lung Function. Berry, G. Hygiene Standards - Theory and Application. Bocrsma, A.; P. Degond; and Havcx, R. Mesothelioma Diffus. Etapes Biochmiques do Diagnostic. Detection et Dosage da L'Acido Hyaluronique Dans Lo liquie'e Pleural. Bohlig, H.; end Gilson, J.C. Assessment of Methods Used In the Study of Biological Effects of Asbestos: Radiology. Bohlig, H.; end Hoin", E. Cancers In Relation to Type of Fibre, Dose, Occupation end Duration of Exposure, (b) Manufacturing - III Environmental. Butler, E. Blanche; and Berry, Ann V. Diffuse Mesotheliomas Diagnostic Criteria Using Exfoliative Cytology. Cooper, \V. Citric; an-l Micdcma, J. Asbestos in Relotion to the Type of Fibre and Dose in the Insulation industry, Crallcy, Lewis J.; and Sundermon, F. William. Interactions of Metals and Minerals in Carcinogenesis. Interim Report of Investigations after 22 Months. Elmcj, P.C. Theropoutic Openings in the Treatment of Mesothelioma. Elmos, P.C. The Natural History of Diffuse Mesothelioma. Enlcrlinc, Philip C.; end Weill, Huns. Asbestosls in Ahcslos Cement Workers ST0095679 Gtbbs, G.W.; ond Do Toit, R.S.J. Environmenfol Doto in Mining. Gilson, J.C. Progress in Epidemiology. Greenberg, M. TV- Voloe of A Concer Register in the Study of Asbestos Tumours. Hommond, E. Cuylcr; ond Soli! off, Irving J. Relation of Cigarette Smoking to Risk of Death of Asbestes-Associofcd Disease Among Insulation Workers in the U.S. Harington, J.S. Chemical Factors (Including Trace Elements) as Aetiological Mechanisms. Harries, P.G. Assessment of Methods Used in the Studies of the Biological Effects of Asbestos. Hinson, K.F.W.; Otto, H.; Webster, I.; and Rossiter, C.E. Criteria for the Diagnosis and Grading of Asbcstosis. Holmes, S. Criteria for Environmental Data and Bases of Threshold Limit Values Environmental Data in Industry. Holmes, S. Sampling Methods. Jones, J.S.P.; ond Sheers, G. Pleural Plaques Konncrstein, M.; Churg, J.; ond Magnor, D. Histochemical Studies in the Diagnosis of Mesothelioma. Longer, Arthur M.; ond Poolcy, Fred D. Identification of Single Asbestos Fibers in Human Tissues. Le Bouffant, L.; Martin, J.C., and Durif, S, Structure Et Composition Dos Plaques Plcurales. LindcII, K.V. Asbestos and the Community -- Industrial Uses. McCaughcy, V/.T.E.; ond Oldham, P.D. Diffuse Mesotheliomas: Morbia' Anatomical and Histological Diagnostic Criteria, Including Observer Variation in Histological Diagnosis. McDonald, J.C. Asbcstosis in Chrysolilo Minos and Mills. McDonald, J.C. Cancer in Chrysotilc Mines and Milts. Mcurmun, L.O.; Kiviluoto, R.; ond Hokama, M. Mortality and Morbidity of Employees of Anlhophyilite Asbestos Mines in Finlond. Morgan, A.; and Crollcy, L.J, Chmnlccil Clmrut ImKllc# of Atlmslm mid Associated Trace f It merits. Nevdviu'-e, M-m-JcI L. Concur Among Workers in the Asbestos Textile Indintry. Nielmh.nn, W.J. Pen.keck, F.I.. A'bc.tos in the Environment. 089S6001S Oldham, P.D. Asbestos in Lung Tissue. Oldham, P.D. A Trial of Techniques for Counting Asbestos Bodies in Tissuo. Pooley, F.D. Mesothelioma in Relation to Exposure. Pooley, F.D. Methods for Assessing Asbestos Fibres and Asbestos Bodies in Tissue by Electron Microscopy. Rojan, K.T. Experimental Methods - Organ Culture. Sclikoff, Irving J.; Hammond, E. Cuylcr; and Scidman, Herbert. Cancer Risk of Insulotion Workers in the U.S. Sluis-Cremer, G.K.; and duToit, R.S.J. Amosite and Crocidolilc Mining and Milling as Causes of Asbestosis. Smither, W.J.; and Lewinsohn, H.C. Asbestosis in Relation to the Type of Fibre, Dose, Occupation and Duration of Exposure in Textile Manufacturing. Stanton, Meorl F. Some Actiologic Considerations of Fiber Carcinogenesis. Suzuki, Y.; Kannorstein, M.; and Churg, J. Electron Microscopy of Normal, Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Mesolbclium. Timbre!!, V. Physical Foctors as Aetiological Mechanisms. Timbrell, V. Progress in Physics and Chemistry. Wagner, J.C.; and Berry, G. Considerations of Aetiological Mechanisms and Other Foctors - Information Obtained from Animal Experiments. Wagner, J.C.; and Berry, G. Investigations Using Animals. Wagner, J.C. Report on Progress Made on the Recommcndotions of the UICC Working Group on Asbestos and Cancer, 1964. Warwick, M.Turner; Parkcs, Raymond; Hanson, Audrey; Smilher, Walter; Harries, Peter; and Oldham, P.D. Immunology and Asbestosis. Webster, Ian. Malignancy in Relation to Crocidolito and Amosite. Summary Report of the Advisory Committee on Asbestos Cancers to the Director of the International Agency <or Research on Cancer, a Division of the World Health Organization, Lyon, Franco, Oct. 5-6, 1973. Recommendations for Further Research by epidemiology. Pathology and Experimental Palholojy, and I'hyshs und Chemistry Panels.