Document qkLo2Bj6M6p1j33yKy3KLjw8K

K- K-Ooo') 1 met $ LZZWl SSd 1 *- H Number 2 April 1975 An International Journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association ... ;. . -,, CONTENTS RRiMltdl SECTION ... ;.a! ;v.': . Page . c ton; *erm toxicity- of. indigo carmine mmux Utwr Houujrt, /. F. Gaunt., hta S. KUs. .:P..Gwuatu/ILI'Blatm-arihf-: y". Sacchai.ftr l ack of chromosome-damaging activity in Chinese hamsters in tint 1C. F. ^ nmWttu-del'rittandXt.C.T-Kragttn) I*J 177 Short-term toxicity of noamyl saliolatc in rats U. J.-P. Dtake.i.F. Gaunt. K. R.Buttrr- moult, Jean Hoaum. Joan Hardy andS. D.Guitgollii . 0*5/ Siudbandc|tidcil(iffl|Mflii>iannaiidguiiiafig>(P.Cniuiv O. Cinwi/% r. X. . ; ' Buttfourth ami M. G. H'rlitht) Mudic* on the metabolism of duncthylnitrauniinc in the rat. I. Effect of dose, route of ' minwmXutianan&wnU.C.Phillips.B.G.Lake, Chrhtine. Heading, S. D.Gangulll tmdA.G.lktph Aflaloxin B, hydroxylatkm by hepatic microsomal preparations from the rhesus monkey ULLKtirtee^A.S.Salhab.J.L Dalezauund D.P. II. Ihieh) 195 . 203 - 211 Aproeedwcforthecauaciionandcitiniationafrubtatoxin BfromcomM. IP. Haytsattd H: W. hfeCain) 221 - Absorption.dhtlibutum and excretion of ["CICTAB, a quaternary ammonium surfac- r urn. m il* nt<B.lauma) ; / , ''y- >.1 iMuorraftas--/'-"' ' - . Effect m guinea-pigs of feeding; nitrosomorpholine and its precursors in combination - : j nith ascorbic acid (F.A Akin and A. E. Wmsemutny _ 239 Mutagenicevaluation ofan alcoholicextract from y-irradiatal potatoes III. I-. Lnimi.% amt Mi A. Whom) : . . . 243 Induction ofdtolangiocaicifloaia following treatment of a rhesus monkey with aflaloxin <7:B.G.71lakt 247 REVIEW SECTION '. . Emiroiuncntal factors, in the origin of cancer and estimation of the possible hazard to rman(ff.B-Jonesatul A.Grendani 251 2^6 Continuedan inside back coerr ; : ISSN00I5-CJM FCIXAV 13(2) !67>306(I973) - . . ' ' u^^bcen augmented by others from Sweden and Germany and also by one ease in the l K^h it Harry i iri have provided full details of the latter patient, who died when '1 years idd and who had hxn for 30 years a process worker engaged in the polymcri/a- mtn of vinyl chloride. Heeause of the long periods of exposure to w hieh this and the other haemangiosarcoma patients had ' cen subjected. tt seemed likely that the cancer could he attributed to pro longed and persistent exposure to low levels of vinyl chloride. However, the possibility that the tumours arose as a result of brief periods of high-level expo.sute many years before cannot he altogether dismissed. All the American cases reported in detail had at one time been "pot cleaners", and Block tloc. rir.) makes the interesting ob-ervation that in this capacity they were, in their early years m the PVC factory, required to enter large polvmer- i/atuvn tankv approximately Hi ft high and 6 ft in diameter and w ith a 2-fl oval opening in the top. in order to chip the reaction residues from the walls. The potential for exposure was particularly great in the early years, because the residue often contained pockets of trapped ga which was liable to he released literally into the cleaner's face during the chip ping operations. The subsequent development of improved cleaning techniques and stricter attention to industrial hygiene measures, including the use of respirators has un doubtedly reduced this type of exposure considerably in more recent years, hut it remains to be seen how significant this factor alone may have been in the induction of hacmangio- wreoma. Meanwhile, a reocn. paper (Monson ef al. Lanea 1974. IL, 397) has extended the ques tion of vinyl chloride carcinogenicity beyond the narrow confines of haemangiosarcoma. It has already been remarked [faitish Medical Jaurnal toe. cit.) that the apparent carcino genicity of vinyl chloride would probably have been much less readily recognized if the resulting tumours had been of a more common type. The possibility '.hat vinyl chloride exposure may also have an effect on the incidence of other forms of cancer was not lost d^fonson el al. [toe. eii.i who carried out a proportional-mortality analysis of the 161 dBms recorded between 1947 and 1973 among past and present workers in the Louisville vinyl chloride polymerization plant associated with the first haemangiosarcoma rcpoits and in the same company's production plant for vinyl chloride monomer. The mortality patterns for the two plants were similar, so all the deaths were considered together. The survey revealed that the number of deaths due to cancer of any type was ?<P,, higher than the nu-nher to be expected on the basis of the .-elevanl figures for the comparable section of the whole US population. The highest excess over expected mortality was found in the deaths from cancer of the liver and biliary tract, and the incidence of tumours of the brain was also unexpectedly high, as to a less marked extent was that of lung tumours. The cues* incidence of fatal cancer was seen mainly in men who died before the age of 60 years. Also observed was a clear trend in the time pattern of the ratio of observed to expected deaths. No excess of deaths due to cancer was observed in the workers dying before 1963. but subsequently the proportion of these deaths increased and since January 1970 cancer has accounted (or over twice as many deaths as would have been expected. While the in herent draw hacks in this type of study must not be overlooked, this report does provide an indication that some forms of vinyl chloride exposure may induce tumours in organs other than the liver. | .\ M >. H(HK v | Oursag th brcvieT butt of Bury A I *..y (bees eauawiai I Oiddrra p< sbtc thaa t lead potsoou^ due. in part Ui t m t!t bone tt iRairy A Mi went* l*idy to anc mcfuMren vulnerability to able for compur Viwooif lead I The lead in derived partly fcvod intake of * > that in the adults the ma (King. (m. J from King. k<\ rather less tha child Axrcgaf the 24-lv.*ur air about 6mV Ta free from ha the revised matdy IU IN th*daily lead h hw the Utter v PrdMlrn v. Spr lepfrsent* Si JoU/ig by a t S This level w gaxtro-mtcitl loc i if | Kola been reported viroumcuta! the I uiopean I97t. an, i; an average re rndwated 1 teal R &s 134330