Document qkJYj30g8xy3od178vQxdRxxM

X. SCOPS This standard establishes guidelines for the safe transport, use, maintenance, and dis posal of askarel and askarel-soaked material used in capacitors and transformers* 2* GENERAL INFORMATION 2*1 General. The term "askarel" generally describes a broad class of nonflammable synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon.insulat ing- liquids widely used in capacitors, transformers, reactors, and accessory equipment operated at power frequencies* Askarels consisting of or containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs ) have been used in many applications since the early 1930's, but only recently was it dis covered that PCBs are widely dispersed in the environment. Systematic investigations of the biological effects of PCBs have been undertaken within the past few years to establish the effects of specific for mulations on specific species. Studies have shown that PCBs are an environmental contaminant. Significant steps have been taken by U.S. industry to limit further re leases of PCBs to the environment. PCBs have been used in three broad types of applications as follows! (1) "Open-ended" applications! for example, in paints, speciality inks, paper coatings, plastics, etc* (2) "Nominally closed" applications; For example, as the working fluid in hydraulic and heat transfer sys tems. (3) "Closed electrical system" applications, specifically as the insulating fluid in certain kinds of transformers and capa citors. Effective January 15, 1972, the Monsanto Company, sole domestic producer of PCBs discontinued supplying PCBs to all except manufacturers of electrical transformers and capacitors. Evaluations of the benefits, risks, and alternatives involved in the continued use of PCBs in closed electrical systems are summar ized in 2.2 through 2.4. 2.2 Benefits. Askaral-filled transformers are used where fire-resistant properties are important. Askarel-filled power and indus trial capacitors are significantly smaller, more reliable, more durable, and safer than oil-filled capacitors. As a result, askarels have supplanted mineral oils in more than 90% of the power and industrial capacitors made today. Over the past few decades most of the equipment that incorporates such capacitors has been designed to take particular advantage of the si2e, safety, and reliability benefits of askarel capacitors (for example, many types are today less than 14% of the size of equiv alent oil capacitors and have a life expectancy of 10 to more than 20 years} Various federal, state, and local codes dictate the present use of askare1-containing equipment in or adjacent to public, commercial, and industrial buildings, which locations pre sent the greatest potential danger to life and , property. 0269233 1 PCB-ARCH0745451 2*3 Risks. Xn the United States, medical re cords since the early 1930's show that the only adverse health effects experienced by U.S. workers exposed to askarels, either during the manufacture of these liquids or of electrical equipment containing these liquids, have been limited to occasional cases of nonchronic chloracne or other tem porary skin lesions or irritations* Askarel-filled transformers and capac itors are delivered to customers as sealed units from which there is no escape of changes that would be required to compensate for the fire resistance of the askarel-filled units. For certain applications and locations, dry-type transformers may replace askarelfilled transformers. For new installations, although many of the foregoing limitations would still apply, building and installation design provisions could be made to accommodate the use of oilfilled, open dry-type or sealed dry-type trans formers , provided that necessary technical, code, physical size, and cost considerations askarel under normal operation. Although certain types of equipment failures can re sult in loss of some askarel to the en are properly evaluated. Several potential alternative transfimnarfluids are under intensive-investigation .to determine , vironment, transformer- failures are limited if they will have satisfactory electrical and to approximately 0.02% of the units in ser vice per year. With respect to capacitors, such losses are limited to approximately operating performance .characteristics. Such liquids must be acceptable environmentally, to the users, and from the fire risk standpoint. 0.04% of the units in service per year. In * addition, limited amounts of PCBs can get The principal alternatives to askarels for into the environment during the manufacture, capacitors are either mineral oil or various delivery, improper use, maintenance, repair, types of synthetic fluids. The latter types and disposal of transformers and capacitors. are under intensive investigation by the in Specific control measures have been in dustry. Mineral oil And these newer fluids are stituted by individual manufacturers, and flammable. The use of mineral oil would return users and are supplemented and strenghtened capacitor technology to its pre-1932 level and by national standards and procedures such as would necessitate the redesign and replacement this standard, which provides information to of such widely used equipment as flourescent prevent the inadvertent loss of KSs to the light fixtures and racks for power and in duction-heating capacitors, which could not environment at all stages from initial askarel manufacture through ultimate disposal. now accommodate the increased size of oil 2.4 Alternates. For technical and local and capacitors while maintaining their present ratings. For the newer types of synthetic national code reasons, it would be impossible . to replace most askarel-filled transformers fluids under investigation it must be determined ; now in service with oil-filled units of if they will yield satisfactory operating per equivalent ratings without major construction formance, are environmentally acceptable and that liquid non-flammability is not required. -2- 0269234 PCB-ARCH0745452 Long before there were any environmental stability, chemical stability, and degree of concerns about PCB, there vaa a strong eco flammability (both are recognized as highly nomic incentive to find other lets expensive resistant to burning. It is for these reasons insulating liquids with the desirable charac that Section 3 of this standard is intended teristics of eakarels. Omitting economic con to apply to capacitor-grade askarel. siderations there are no technically equiv 3.2 Capacitor Grade Askarel. In September alent fluids available today. 1971, a new grade of capacitor impregnant, 3. CAPACITOR GUIDELINES Aroclor 101$, was made available to the in 3.1 General. The environmental effects of dustry. This new grade contains s typical con askarels are under in-depth study by govern centration of 0.4t or less by weight of the mental and other agencies. Askarels have been considered relatively harmless to humans based higher boiling homologues of the chlorinated blphuyli. I Sm ASTHD3303 -74a)11 Aroclor 1016 on safe industrial usage, since the 1930's, replaces Aroclor 1242, which previously wss except for minor skin end eye irritation. the major capacitor impregnant and contained There have been no known instance of human in around 7% of the higher-boiling homologues (the juries when they were used under the normally more persistent in nature). This 0.4% level of accepted precautions and conditions of handling the higher-boiling homologues should be the in both manufacturing and user applications. maximum concentration acceptable in any capacitor Askarels are being found in the environment impregnant. Aroclor 1242 and 1254, previously and in fish and bird life. The long-term used es impregnanta, do not meat this requirement genetic and ecological affects are not yet and should no longer be used in capacitors de completely understood. For these reasons, care signed and manufactured for alternating-current should be taken to contain askarels and minimize applications. their entry into the environment. Aroclor 1016 has the same Underwriters' Labora There are two general classes of askarels tories, Inc. flammability rating as Aroclor used by the electrical industry. The higher 1242. chlorinated grades are the more persistent in Commonly used solvents for clean-up purposes, nature. Because of their higher degree of re include benzenn; kerosene, acetone, trichloroe- sistance to burning, they are used in trans thane, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene. formers where personnel safety is of paramount Typical vapor pressure data for Aroolor 1016 are? importance. Capacitor-grade askarel has a lower degree of chlorination (composed primarily of the 3chlorine insomer# of biphenyl) and a higher de gree of biodegradability. Generally, it has 0C 25C 150C - 200 C - 0.001 0.006 4.3 29.0 mmHG mmHG mmHG mmHG At 25C and 760 mmHG pressure, saturated air contains approximately 0.09 mg/1. not bsan found in animal life. It is used in capacitors, where the extreme resistance to NOTE* 1 mg/1 90.0 ppm (v/v) 1 ppm (v/v) 0.011 mg/1 burning required in transformers is of less im portance . 1 Numbers in brackets refer to corresponding numbers in 7.1, References to the Text. Although capacltor-and transformer-grade askarels both contain members of the PCB family, they do differ in composition, degree of bio degradability, persistence in nature, electrical 0^69235 -s- PCB-ARCH0745453 JiJ Employe* Safety and Plant Housekeeping. The procedures end limits given in 3.3 are intended to be minimum requirements to be met by manufacturers and users of capacitors containing askarel. Handling, control, and ' combination of gases are very unpleasant and irritating, thus giving ample warning of their presence. If exposure to high concentrations of askarel is necessary under emergency con ditions, an approved gas mask or self-con disposal procedures are given, together with exposure limits and indicated antidotes and clean-up procedures. 3.3.1 General Safety Precautions. Although It is generally accepted that exposure to capacitor-grade askarel is not hazardous provided that simple precautions are taken, exposure should still be avoided. 3.3.1.1. Vapors. The odor of askarel is noticeable well below the maximum air con centrations considered safe. Up to 1.0 , milligram per cubic metre of air has been determined to be the maximum safe level of exposure during an 8-hour workday. (See re ference 19) The procedure for performing the necessary analyses.of vapors is referenced in tained breathing apparatus should be worn.. Such exposure should be under the surveillance of other personnel capable of effecting rescue in case of an accident. If the odor of askarel is detected by the person wearing protective equipment, he should immediately go into fresh air. All gas masks, respirators, and replace ment parts should have U.S. Bureau of Mines approval and be maintained on a regular schedule in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation. 3.3.1.2 Liquid. In contrast to the situation in which mineral Insulating oils are handled, there is virtually no fire hazard in handling askarel. A limited solvent action (similar to that for paint thinner) on the fats and oils of the skin with prolonged contact may lead to Section B3 of Appendix B. This procedure or drying and chapping of the skin. As with in its equivalent should be used. Breathing vapor or fumes from heated askarel should be avoided. Provisions should be made for adequate ventilation and regula tion of manufacturing operations to avoid sulating oil, some people are allergic to askarel, and continued exposure may result in skin irritation. Both the liquid and vapor are moderately irritating to eye tissue. Operating procedures should be such as to open exposure to askarel (especially at tem peratures of 55C or higher). The gases pro duced when askarel is decomposed by very high temperatures (such as that of an electric minimize or eliminate contact with askarels. The use of porous;gloves that can absorb.and retain askarel is to be avoided. Resistant gloves2 should be used if contact:is.unavoidable. arc) in the presence of air or organic in sulating materials contain a very high per Use of enclosed . transfer and .handling ..equipment, processing equipment, and mechanical washers re centage of hydrogen chloride, and small per centages of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen. Minute concentrations of this duces direct contact. 2 For example, Edmont-Solvit 5-352 (Mersick of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, Conn), or the equiva lent. ,, 0269236 PCB-ARCH0745454 Medicinal washes or mild detergents fol- - $e8 section 3.5). Containers used to transport lowed by the application of cold cream will askarel should not be used for storage or to reduce the irritation resulting from the con-* transport other material without being com tact of an open cut or abrasion with askarel. pletely cleaned of all traces of askarel. Safety glasses with side shields or a (Cleaning procedures must take cognizance of face shield should be worn when handling precautions against excessive exposure and of askarels. If liquid askarel contacts the the need for proper disposal of contaminated yes, the eyes Should be irrigated immediately cleansing solvents and materials as set forth with large quantities of running water for in 3.5) Transfer from shipping containers to approximately 15 minutes and then examined processing systems should be through closed by a physician (A drop of (O.S.P.) castor ' piping or tubing with appropriate valves, oil has been found to reduce irritation) pumps, etc. Provision should be made for Persons developing a skin irritation or trapping and disposing of fluid lost by leak respiratory tract irritation while working age or spills from the transfer system and with askarels should be placed under the from the storage containers. supervision of a physician. Ingestion or Drums to be retired from use should be wallowing of askarels is not generally re cleaned before crushing, delivery to scrap garded as a problem of the industry; However, dealers, or other disposal. Contaminated should accidental ingestion occur, a physician cleaning fluids and materials should be dis should be consulted. posed of as Indicated in 3.5. Hands should be cleaned of askarel before 3.3.3 Manufacturing Housekeeping. Manufactur eating, drinking, smoking, or using toilet ing equipment and operating procedures should facilities by means of waterless hand clean ers3 and wipe towels which should then be safeguard against loss of askarels to the en vironment through proper containment and dis properly disposed of. posal procedures. 3.3.2 Bulk fluid Shipment? Receiving and 3.3.3.1 Processing Area Control. Enclosed sys Transfer. Shipment of askarel from point of tems of sealed piping, properly gasketed joints, manufacturing to point of receiving should valves, containers, and processing chambers be done in closed containers such as rail should be used for all operations where askarel tank cars, truck tanks, marine or barge tanks, temperatures may exceed 55C. Enclosure should or sealed drums. In case of an askarel spill preferably extend to all other portions of the during bulk fluid shipment, reference should system insofar as practicable. be made to paragraph 5.0 which provides pro Establish containment methods and/or pro cedures for control and listed authorities to cedures for all askarel processing areas to be notified. Containers should be labeled prevent loss to sewer systems by spillage, as to contents and carry a label cautioning leakage or other uncontrolled conditions or against loss of fluid to the open environment events. For example, Pow'r Kleen Handcleaner, (Woodbine Chemical and Research, Inc., Medina, Ohio or Man's Hands, Oak Industries, Inc., Uoosick Falls, Hew York) - 5- 0269237 PCB-ARCH0745455 3.3.3.2 Types end Control of Liquid Askarel Wastes. Askarel-containing liquid wastes may should be collected within the containment area for properly controlled laundering. occur in manufacturing from sources such as the following} 1) Liquid askarel contaminatod during processing which is unsuitable for reclaiming as a dielectric fluid# 2) liquid askarel from solvent operations or water and detergent type washeri, 3) vacuum 3.4 Control of Plant Effluents. 3.4.1 Water Effluents. The industry goal is to eliminate askarel in plant water effluent streams. However# it is recognized that existing drain systerns in capacitor manufacturing plants are probably contaminated as a result of past practices. pump oils contaminated with askarel# 4) steam jet vacuum system condensates contaminated and askarel traces may continue to decrease with the proper containment of askarel wastes and no with askarels, and 5) askarel containing materials from laboratory samples. further discharges into drain systems. Other sections of this standard provide that no askarel Waste fluids containing askarel should be wastes of any kind be disposed of in any water , collected (by means of traps# drip pans# trays# etc) and disposal should be in accordance with .Txtj luent streams and that accidental spills be'prevented from getting into such streams. 3.5. Spills of askarels should be contained and cleaned up promptly by means of absorptive 3.4.1.2 Concentration Limits. The EPA has proposed water quality criteria to maintain PCB concentration in rivers and lakes below detec- material# such as sawdust# or trapped and re*moved by pumping or other suitable means. Disposal should be per 3.5. 3.3.3.3 Types and Control of Other Askarel Con- tion level. Requirements under Sections 307(a), 307(b) and 311 of the 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act are under review (1976-77) and the latest revisions will taining Wastes. Saturation of materials with apply. State and municipal requirements must askarels may occur in manufacturing from the following eourcest 1) Saturated earth or other also be met. Further information may be obtained from an absorbent media from filtering operations or from cleaning up spills# 2) saturated filters from vapor control devices and other filters# Environmental Protection Agency Regional Office. A listing of these offices is contained in Appendix D. 3) saturated wastes such as paper# rags# etc. 3.4.1.3 Monitoring Streams. On a regular basis 4) saturated spent gasket materials and 5} capac- consistent with plant situations, all effluent itors failing tests or otherwise designated for streams should be analyzed. The procedure for disposal. performing the necessary analyses is per ASTM All of the above items should be collected Method D3304. This procedure or its equivalent for proper disposal. Wiper rags, protective clothing4 and other extraneous materials which should be used. are likely to be soiled should preferably be made of disposable materials. Other materials 4 For example, Edmont-Wilson, 1294 Walnut St., Coshocton# Ohio 43812# or Slosman Corp.# P.0. Box 3014, Asheville# N.C. 28802 0269238 -6- PCB-ARCH0745456 3.4.1.4 Methods for Minimizing Effluent Stream Disposal should be done in a manner which is Contamination. The ideal approach is to isolate- consistent with proper concern for the environ totally all effluents that could be contamina- ment and minimizes any release of askarels to . ted with askarels during manufacturing processes the environment. and prevent them from being discharged from the 3.5.1 Disposal of Capacitor Units. Scrap ca plant. Carbon absorption,limestone beds,and sol pacitor units can be generated during manufactur vent extraction'are techniques that could be ap ing processes or during field service. Produc plied to reduce the askarel content of effluent tion rejects are those capacitors that are re streams. These techniques may be most useful in cleaning up water used in plant processing and to permit recycling. 3.4.2 Air Effluents. The Industry goal Is to jected after the impregnation process in the course of production by the capacitor manufactur er. They may be rejected for mechanical or eliminate askarel vapors in plant air effluents. electrical reasons. Bant operations involving askarels at elevated temperatures in excess of 55C should be per Field rejects are those units that are re jected or, for other reasons, are to be scrapped formed, wherever possible, within closed sys tems. Piltration of plant air effluents, to after shipment from the plant where they were manufactured. minimize PCBs entry into the environment, Capacitor units should be disposed of intact, should be accomplished where envoivement of air borne PCBs may occur from open operations. or if leaking, in sealed drums. The small amount of liquid to be drained, the integrity of intact 3.4.2.1 Monitoring. All plant air effluents units and the necessity for complex control over should be sampled and analyzed on a routine basis consistent with plant situations. The drainage procedures make intact disposal prefer able. procedure for performing the analysis is per A5TM Method D3304 (See Appendix B3). 3.5 Scrap-Disposal Procedures. The manufac 3.5.1.1 Production Rejects. Rejected capacitors in capacitor manufacturing plants represent a concentration of askarel. Zt is, therefore, im ture and use of capacitors involves processes portant that disposition be made in a manner con which produce askarel-saturated solids and liquids containing or composed entirely of sistent with proper concern for the environment. Preference should be given to disposal of capac askarel, which should be disposed of as wastes. itors in sites approved for hazardous waste dis Specific sources of these materials are de posal (See Appendix A). Another alternative,but scribed throughout this standard. They may less desirable, would be disposal In approved be placed into three categories * landfill sites. 1) Capacitor units impregnated with askarel, production and field re jects " Care should be exercised to insure that no loss of liquid will occur during transportation 2) Manufacturing process liquid wastes containing askarel 3) Solid waste purposely or accidentally saturated with askarel to the disposal site. Incineration of scrap capacitors in facili ties designed to accept such solids would pro vide a preferential alternative to approved land fill sites when such services become available. ( >; |i 026923^ Is -7- PCB-ARCH0745457 l.s.l.2 Field Ralecti. Wherever practical, ell preferable disposal procedure is an approved askare1 containing capacitors should be re landfill site. See Appendix A for listing of roved prior to disposal of equipment. This Facilities. , precaution will enhance environmental control 3.5.4 Packaging and Shipment. procedures and insure that by removing these 3.5.4.1 Transportation to the disposal facility capacitors they do not ultimately disperse should be in containers that will prevent leak their aekarel contents into an unapproved landfill site. ' age and accidental loss of askarel to the en j vironment. After removal from equipment, capacitors j I should be disposed in accordance with the pro 3.5.4.2 Containers should be labeled as to con tents and precautions relative to loss to the cedures for production rejects (3.5.1.1). environment per 3.3.2. Where removal of aakarel-containing capacitors 3.5.4.3 Containers for this purpose cannot be fro* equipment is not practical, that equip used for any other materials or they should be ment should be disposed of only in approved retired from service until they are completely landfill sites. cleaned. Any solvents used in cleaning these 3.5.2 Disposal of Liquid Wastes. All vasts containers will be contaminated with askarel as karel or liquid wastes containing aek&rsl and should be disposed of according to the same should be disposed of in accordance with one procedures described in 3.5.2. Of the procedures given in 3.5.2.1 or 3.6 Labeling. Capacitor units vary greatly in 3.S.2.2. However, preference should be given size and in end use or application. Small capac incineration, 3.5.2.1. itor units are frequently applied as a component 3.5.2.1 Incineration. Proper incineration of another piece of equipment, such as a fluores must involve a suitable balance between dwell cent lighting ballast,a roadway of area lighting time and temperature in the incinerator plus luminaire, a motor, etc. In such applications a oxygen availability, and finally, suitable label on the capacitor unit referencing approved scrubbers to remove the HCL that will be disposal procedure would not normally be visible formed; for example, 2-second dwell time at when the piece of equipment is disposed of. 2000P and 31 excess oxygen in stack gas, or Tor the foregoing reasons the methods of label 1.5 second dwell time et 2700F and 21 excess ing for small capacitors and large capacitors are oxygen in stack gas. treated separately in 3.6.1 and 3.6.2, respectively. These facilities should meet the appli 3.6.1 Small Units. Small capacitors are defined as cable state requirements end should control those that contain askarel in quantities up to effluents within the limits set forth in about 2 pounds each and in which the free liquid this standard. does not exceed 0.4 pounds. They are hermetically 3.5.2.2 Chemical Waste Disposal. Where in cineration is not feasible, sites which have sealed in metalic cases. It is recommended that shipping containers from capacitor manufacturers been classified by state agencies as suitable should be labeled as to contents and that trans for disposal of chemical waste liquids should porters be given instructions, in accordance with be used (Sea Appendix A). 3.5.3 Disposal of Solid Wastes (See 3.5.1 for scrap capacitors). All solid wastes which have been saturated with askarel should bo placed in leak proof containers and preferably trans ported for disposal by incineration. A less paragraph 6.12 as to procedures in the event of a spill. If, however, a label of the capacitor is required by statute or by specific manufacturers, the follow ing is suggested; Contains PCBs. Dae care in disposal. . 02692*0 PCB-ARCH0745458 The shipping container label, yellow on or spillage that may have occurred in shipping. black, should contain the following informations If leakage is evident, the cause should be "CAUTION* Contains PCBs (Polychlorinated BiDhenvls) that are environmen- . tal contaminants* In case of leaks or soills. restrain dis- charoe and consult manufacturer. In transportation emergencies, call National Response Center (800-424-8802) and Chemtrec (800-424-9300), Avoid pro longed breathing of vapors or mists, contact with eyes or skin. Disposal should be in accordance with ANSI C-107 - - -- Guidelines or applicable state and Federal statutes." corrected and the spillage soaked up with ab sorbent materials such as sawdust, followed by a cleanup of the affected area with kerosene or other approved solvent such as perchloroethylene. All materials used should be collect ed for proper disposition as described in 3.5. 3.7.3 Installation and Periodic Inspection. Large capacitors should be installed in new Small unit capacitors are applied as a facilities such that if a leak should develop, component of a large piece of equipment. aakarels can be restrained from reaching the Manufacturers utilizing askarel-filled capac environment. Depending upon the type of in itors should affix a label referencing this stallation, consideration may be given to pans, standard or describing disposal procedures consistent with it. dams, traps, standpipes, dry wells, absorbing agents, etc. 3.6.2 Large Units. Large capacitor units are Following installation, the unit should defined as those which contain more than 2 again be inspected for any damage or leakage. pounds of askarel. The manufacturer should It is recommended that periodic in-service in affix a label in a conspicous place on the spections be made for leaks. capacitor, referencing this standard or des cribing disposal procedures consistent with it. As a minimum, the label should contain informmation listed in 3.6.1. 3.7 Information for Users of Large Capacitors 3.7.1 General. Large Askarel-filled capacitors contain more than 2 pounds of askarel and de livered to customers as sealed units from which there is no escape of askarel under normal operation. Although certain types of equip ment failures can permit loss of some askarel to the environment, such cases are extremely rare. 3.7.2 Transportation and Receiving. Immediately upon receipt of a shipment and following any transportation or handling accident that could ffact the integrity of the capacitor enclo sure, the transportation vehicle, enclosure, and fittings should be examined for any leakage 4. Transformer Guidllnea. 4,1 General. 4.X.1 Askarels of various compositional types are currently in use (for the general proper ties and types, see ASTM D2283-73a(20)). The trademark designations used by manufacturers for liquids containing PCBs are given in Appendix C. Under arcing conditions, the gases produced, though predominantly consisting of noncombust ible hydrogen chloride, can contain varying amounts of combustible gases depending upon the askarel type. 4.1.2 Safety Precautions. Based on about 40 years of safe industrial usage, askarels have been considered as relatively harmless mater ials to humans There has been no known instance of human injury when askarels are used under the normally prescribed conditions of pre caution and handling. _ a 02692^1 PCB-ARCH0745459 Although it has been generally thoughtthat in case of accident. If the odor of exposure to askarels is not hazardous pro askarel or its arced products is detected vided that simple precautions are taken, ex posure should still be avoided or minimized. .4 1.2.1 Vapors. The odor of askarel is . noticeable well below the maximum safe air by the person wearing protective equipment, he should immediately go into fresh air. All gas masks, respirators, and replacement parts should have U.S. Bureau of Mines approval concentrations. Depending upon the composi and be maintained on a regular schedule in tion of the askarel used, from 0.5 to 1.0 accordance with the manufacturer's recommen milligram per cubic metre of air has been determined to be the upper safe level of dation. .4 1.2.2 Liquid. In contrast to the situa exposure during an 8-hour workday. (See re tion in which mineral insulating oils are han ference (19)). dled, there is no fire hazard in handling The procedure for performing the neces askarels. A limited solvent action (similar sary analysis is contained in ASTM Method to that' for paint thinner) on the fats and D3304 (See Appendix B). oils of the skin with prolonged contact may Breathing vapor or fumes from heated lead to drying and chapping of the skin. As askarels should be avoided. High concen with insulating oil, some people are allergic trations of vapors can cause irritation of to askarel, and continued exposure may result the eyes, nose, throat, and upper respira in skin irritation. Both the liquid and vapor tory tract. Provisions shall be made for are moderately irritating to eye tissue. adequate ventilation to avoid open exposure of hot askarels (55C or higher). The gases Operating procedures should require avoid ance of contact with any askarels. The use of produced when askarel is decomposed by very porous gloves that can absorb and retain high temperatures (such as that of an elelc- askarels is to be avoided. Resistant gloves tric arc) in the presence of air or organic and aprons such as the polyethylene or insulating materials contain a high percen fluoro elastomer type should be used if contact tage of hydrogen chloride which is highly is unavoidable. For some operations, it has toxic, and small percentages of other gases. been found advantageous to use non-porous, dis Minute concentrations of this combination of posable aprons and gloves. In case of spill gases are very unpleasant and irritating, age on clothing, the clothing should be re thus giving ample warning of their presence. moved as soon as practical, the skin cleaned Zf exposure to high concentrations of askarels with waterless cleaners or solvents such as or its arced products is necessary under em- kerosene, and wiped dry with disposable towels. rgoncy conditions, an approved gas mask of the organic canister type, or self-contained These towels should be disposed of as PCB con . taminated solid wastes. See Section 4 1.6.2.2. breathing apparatus, must be worn. Such ex Clothing and shoes saturated with askarel posure should be under the surveillance of should be discarded (burnable waste). Con other personnel capable of effecting rescue taminated clothing may be reused providing that For example "VITON" OZb9ZZ PCB-ARCH0745460 it has been thoroughly cleaned using segre 4.1.3.2 Spill Procedures - Bulk liquid shipments. gated solvents or a segregated degreaser, then followed by normal laundering. (Launder ing alone is not sufficient.) Medicinal washes or mild detergents See Section 6. 4.1.4 Receiving, Handling, and Storage of Askarels. Askarels are shipped in tank cars, tank followed by the application of cold cream * trucks, steel drums, metal cans, and test- will reduce the irritation resulting from sample containers. When received, all con the contact of an open cut or abrasion with tainers should be inspected for leaks. askarel. 4.1.4.1 Storage Tanka. Storage tanks should Safety glasses with side shields or a be erected so that inspection can be made for face shield should be worn when handling leaks or spills. Construction should be such askarels. Eyes that have been exposed to that inadvertent leakage or spills are pre liquid askarel should be irrigated iasnedi-* vented from reaching streams and sanitary or ately with large quantities of running water storm sewers. for approximately 15 minutes and then exam 4.1.4.2 Tank Cars and Tank Trucks. All bulk ined by a physician. (A drop of (U.S.P.)cas shipment equipment should be inspected for tor oil has been found to reduce irritation.) Ingestion or swallowing of askarels is leaks immediately upon receipt. Drain pans should be provided to prevent spillage from un not generally regarded as a problem of the loading hoses and connections. Askarel liquid industry; however, should accidental inges collected in drain pans should be placed in tion occur, a physician should be consulted. drums labeled "Scrap Askarel* for disposition Hands should be cleaned as noted above in accordance with 4.1.6.2.1. . before eating, drinking, smoking or using 4.1.4.3 Steel Drums, Can3, and Test Sample Con toilet facilities. tainers. On delivery, all such shipments should be carefully inspected for leaks. The contain 4.1.3 Liquid Transport Containers. ers should be stored indoors in an area expe- 4.1.3.1 Transport Container Marking. Any con cially selected for this purpose. A curb tainer, such as tank cars, tank trucks, drums, should enclose the area to provide a basin for cans, etc., used to transport transformer containing the askarel from one or more con askarels, new or used, should be labeled tainers should the containers be damaged. The with the following(yellow on black)* area should not have a drain that is connected CAUTION" Contains PCBs(Polychlorinated Biphenyls) that are environmental contaminants. In case of leaks or spills, restrain discharge and consult manufacturer. In transpor tation emergencies, call National Response Center (800-424-8802) and Chcmtrec (800-424-9300). Avoid pro longed breathing of vapors or mists, contact with eyes or skin. Disposal should be in accordance with ANSI C-107 Guidelines or applicable state and Federal sta tutes." to a sanitary or storm sewer. If an indoor storage area is not possible, the containers should be stored under a leanto with similar containment capabilities. 0269243 -i i- PCB-ARCH0745461 4.1.5 Control of Water Effluents. The Indus try goal is to eliminate askarel in water effluent streams. However, it is recognized that existing drain systems from manufactur ing plants, repair shops, and installation sites may be contaminated as a result of past practices. Other sections of this standard provide that no askarel wastes of any kind be disposed of in any water effluent streams and that accidental spills be prevented from getting into such streams. 4.1.5.1 Concentration limits. The EPA has proposed water quality criteria to maintain PCB concentration in rivers and lakes below detection level. Requirements under Sections 307(a), 307(b), and 311 of the 1972 Amend ments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act are under review (1976-77) and the latest revisions will apply. State and municipal requirements must elso be met. Further information may be obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency Regional Office. A listing of these offices is con tained in Appendix D. 4.1.5.2 Monitoring Streams. All plant effluent streams should be monitored on a regular basis. The procedure for performing the necessary analysis is contained in ASTM Method D3304 (See Appendix B). 4.1.5.3 Methods for Minimizing Effluent Stream Contamination. The ideal approach is to totally isolate all effluents that could be contaminated with askarels during manufac turing processes and prevent them from being discharged from the plant. 4.1.6 Disposal procedures and Services. 4.1.$.1 Sources of Materials Requiring Special Handling and Disposal Procedures. Liquids con taining PCBs and solids containing or con taminated with PCBs may come from many sources including transport containers, trans former manufacturing processes, in-test failures, liquids contaminated beyond reclamation, in service transformer leaks and failures, askarel- filled transformers scrapped for any reason, sample containers and handling equipment. 4.1.6.2 Classification for Disposal of Mater ials Containing PCBs. In general, there are four types of materials requiring disposali burnable liquids contaminated with PCBs; non- burnable liquids contaminated with PCBs; burn able solids contaminated with PCBs; and non- bumable .solids contaminated with PCBs. 4.1.6.2.1 Burnable Liquids. Liquids containing PCBs , requiring disposal by high-temperature incineration may consist of the following; (1) PCBs contaminated with mineral oil. (2) Mineral oil contaminated with PCBs. (3) Nonreclaimable contaminated trans former askarels, arced askarels, askarels from manufacturing spills, sump accumulation, askarels from holding basins, drip and drain pans, washings, sample jars and containers, etc. 4.1.6.2.2 Honburnable Liquids (Water) Con taminated with PCBh. Water contaminated with PCBs may be treated by such means as activated carbon filtration or by a reductive dechlorina tion process, providing that the effluent meets Federal and State water effluent standards. Such liquids may also be disposed of, packed in suitable containers, in approved landfills. See Appendix A. 026924* -12- PCB-ARCH0745462 4.1.6.2.3 Burnable Solid Waste Materials Contaminated with PCBs. These materials cam be disposed of by high-temperature incineration and consist of cellulosic materials, rags, proaaboard, wood, sawdust, fuller's earth in bulk or in cloth bags, blotter papers, nitrile or cork gaskets, etc. 4.1.6.2.4 Nonburnable Solid Waste Materials Containing or Contaminated with PCBs. These materials may consist of steel, cooper, aluminum, filter units of the steel mesh con struction type, askarel drums, cans, etc. Materials of this nature should be allow ed to drain with liquids collected in drip pans, etc. Further removal of adhering PCBs should be accomplished by vapor degreasing, washing or solvent extraction with kerosene or other approved washing liquids such as perchloroethylene. Accumulated liquids should be disposed of as indicated in 4.1.6.2.1. Solid materials as cleaned above may be handled as normal scrap. Coil structures may be dismantled with burnable material removed. Metals should be treated as noted above, and burnable solids disposed of in accordance with Section 4.1.6. 2.3. An alternative but less desirable pro cedure for disposal of coils, cores, burnable waste, etc., is to suitably package and bury in an approved landfill site. See Appendix A. 4.1.6.3 Shipment of Scrap Liquids For Dis posal. All liquid scrap material should be placed in appropriate metal transport con tainers, properly labeled (Section 4.1.3.1) for shipment to a company offering an accept able disposal service (Appendix A). 4.1.6.4 Shipment of Burnable Solid Wa3te Material Containing PCBs for Disposal. Material of this type should be placed in a liquid-tight container meeting Federal and State transportation requirements, and acceptable to the disposal organization. The container should be properly labeled (Section 4.1.3.1) for shipment to a company offering an acceptable disposal service (Appendix A). 4.1.6.5 Liquid and Solid Waste Disposal Ser vice Organizations. These facilities should meet the applicable requirements of the state in which they are located and should control effluents within the limits referred to in Section 4.1.5.1. 4.2 Guidelines for Original Manufacture, Ser vice and Repair Shops. 4.2.1 Plant Housekeeping It is necessary to assume that in filling equipment with askarel, and during further handling of this equipment, an askarel spill may occur. Therefore, it is ncessary to provide facilities and a procedure for cleanup to prevent contamination. 4.2.1.1 Askarel Filling Area. 4.2.1.1.1 It is desirable that the askarel filling area be adjacent to the test area and final shipping area to minimize the danger of damage to units during handling. 4.2.1.1.2 The main manufacturing area for filling equipment with askarel should be pro vided with impervious surface floors or suit able basins so constructed that any inadvertent leakage or spills are prevented from reaching streams, sanitary sewers, or storm sewers. All askarel-handling equipment, such as pumps, hoses, etc., shall be of the askarel-resistent type. 0269M5 -13- PCB-ARCH0745463 4.2.1.1.3 Drip pans shall be provided for for disposition. Cloth bags filled with fuller's hose connections and filling valves. earth should be placed in the "SCRAP BURNABLE 4.2.1.2 Special Containers for Scrap Mater ASKAREL WASTE" container for disposition. ials. 4.2.X.4' Teardown of Units for Repair or Scrap. 4.2.1.2.1 Drums labeled "SCRAP ASKAREL" 4.2.1.4.1 Drain all askarel from the unit either should be available for handling all spilled into a holding tank for reuse or into the drum and waste askarel from sumps, failed units, labeled "SCRAP ASKAREL" for disposition, allow drip pans, sample jars, etc. ing sufficient time for all of the askarel to 4.2.1.2.2 Open-head drums with suitable drain from the core and coils. closures and labeled "SCRAP BURNABLE ASKAREL 4.2.1.4.2 Remove the core and coil assembly WASTE" should be available for handling con from the transformer tank and place over a suit taminated cellulose insulation, rags, paper, able drip pan. pressboard, wood, gaskets, sawdust, etc. 4.2.1.4.3 Place all materials in the appropriate 4.2.1.2.3 Separate containers for handling salvage containers during dismantling for later steel, copper, and aluminum, each adequately disposition. marked, shall be provided for the components 4.2.1.4.4 All used materials,.including rags, of contaminated core and coil assemblies. sawdust, tape, etc., regardless of quantity, These containers are required for the various shall be put into the appropriate containers for materials when repairing or scrapping disposition. - assemblies. 4.2.2 Transformer Labeling and Shipment 4.2.1.2.4 Containers for supplies of mater 4.2.2.1 New and Rebuilt Transformers. All new ials for absorbing small askarel spills or and rebuilt transformers that contain PCBa shall cleanup of larger spills should be provided. have a label of adequate durability, permanently 4.2.1.3 Conditioning of Aakarels. and prominently attached to the tank by the manu 4.2.1.3.1 Askarel Conditioning Equipment. facturer, giving adequate warning and instruc The conditioning unit should be located tions. A suggested label, yellow on black, in either in the storage tank area or in the cludes the following: main transformer manufacturing area for " filling with askarel. 4.2.1.3.2 Fuller's Earth. Conditioning of new askarel or recycled askarel requires fuller's earth treatment. The spent fuller's earth in cartridges or bags, when replaced, should be allowed to drain thoroughly over drip pans to remove as much liquid askarel CAUTION" Contains PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) that are environmen tal contaminants. In case of leaks or spills, restrain dis charge and consult manufacturer. In transportation emergencies, call National Response Center (800-424-8802) and Chemtrec (800-424-9300). Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors or mists, contact with eyes or skin. Dis posal should be in accordance with ANSI C-107 Guidelines or applicable state and Federal ata- tutea." as possible. The cartridge units of steel 4.2.2.2 In-Service Transformers. The Transformer mesh construction should be placed in the manufacturer should make available suitable labels "STEEL CONTAMINATED WITH ASKAREL" container with similar warning as shown in 4.2.2.1 for use on existing transformers. 4.2.2.3 Shipping papers should contain the warning statements given in 6.3.2. 02fc92<6 PCB-ARCH0745464 4.2.3 Information for Transformer Users 4.2;3.1 General. Askaral-filled transformers are delivered to customers as sealed units from which there is no escape of askarel under normal operation. Although certain types of equipment failures can permit loss of some askarel to the environment# such cases are extremely rare. 4.2.3.2 Transportation and Receiving. Im mediately upon receipt of the equipment and following any transportation or handling accident that could affect the integrity of the tank# bushings# or radiators, the trans portation vehicle# tank# and fittings should be examined for any leakage or spillage that may have occurred in shipping. If leakage is evident, the cause should be corrected and the spillage soaked up with absorbent mater ials such as sawdust, followed by a cleanup of the affected area with rags soaked with kerosene or other approved solvent such as perchloroethylene. All materials used should be collected for proper disposition as des cribed in 4.1.6. 4.2.3.3 Installation and Periodic Inspection. Transformers should be installed so that if a leak should develop, askarels can be re strained from reaching the environment. De pending upon the type of installation, con sideration may be given to pans# dams# traps# standpipes, dry wells# absorbing agents, etc. Following installation, the unit should again be inspected for any damage or leakage. It is recommended that periodic in-service in spections be made for any leaks. 4.2.3.4 'Filling'# Filtering#' or Drying Askarel. Most askarel units are shipped with the proper amount of askarel, but if it becomes necessary to top off a unit, the manufacturers's in structions should be followed. If it is necessary to dry an askarel unit or to treat an askarel unit with fuller's earth, instructions should be followed. When filtering or conditioning askarel, all of the precautions previously described for drip pans, proper disposal of filter media, etc. apply. 4.2.3.5 Sampling. It is common practice to sample askarel from a transformer for periodic maintenance testing. As previously described, such samples should be taken in a manner to avoid any contamination of the environment. Washings should be collected for proper dis posal. Field and laboratory test samples, washings, etc., should also be collected for proper disposal.{See Section 5). 4.2.3.6 Transformers Installed in Moving Vehicles. In the event of a leak or accidental spill, the procedures outlined in Section 6 should be followed. . 4.3 Retrofilling Apparatus Containing Askarel3. It is not recommended that apparatus containing PCB liquids be changed to other liquids. It is recognized that the best possible change-out procedures will still leave appreciable PCBs in the apparatus. Apparatus that has contained PCBs which has been replaced with another fluid should be labeled as indicated below, and the disposal ultimately should follow the same disposal procedures as those recommended for PCB liquids and PCB-filled apparatus. 02692*7 -15- PCB-ARCH0745465 Label (yellow on black) CAUTION* Contains liquid con taminated with PCBs an environmental con taminant. Changed to (describe liquid) on (give date). 4.4 Transformer Disposal. The ultimate disposal of a PCB-containr- ing transformer may be accomplished by the following procedures* 1. Contract with a qualified organiza tion for disposal of the complete transformer. 2. Where acceptable facilities are available, the following alterna tive procedures are recommended* (a) Always drain the liquid and dispose of it by approved incineration. (b) For the solid components or for the entire structure, either of the following procedures are recommended * i. Dismantle, wash and dispose in accordance with Section 4.1.6. 6. Spill Notification and Control Plan Polychlorinated Biphenyl(PCBs) The immediate actions needed are to contain or restrain liquid spills with the best means available and to notify "CHEMTREC" and "The National Response Center." "The basis for this spill notifica tion and control plan relies on Chemtrec to advise on the immediate actions needed to contain or restrain the liquid spill with the best means available based on listed instructions. The National Response Center will notify all interested parties, i.e. Federal and State authorities and the manufacturers involved, as well as give guidance on action to be taken." FAILURE TO REPORT SPILLS TO PROPER AUTHORITIES MAY RESULT IN CRIMINAL PENALTIES. 6.1 Chemtrec 6.1.1 What is it. - Chemtrec stands for Chemical Transportation Emergency Center, a public service of the Manufacturing Chemists Association at its offices in Washington, D.C. Chemtrec provides immediate advice for ii. Ship entire solid struc ture to acceptable organization for disposal. those at the scene of emergencies, then prompt ly contacts the shipper of the chemicals in iii. Ship to acceptable land fill disposal site. (See Appendix A). volved for more detailed assistance and appro priate follow-up. 5. Disposal of Laboratory Samples Contain ing PCBs. The disposal of laboratory samples and materials used for testing and experimental purposes which contain, are impregnated with, or contaminated by PCBs (askarels) must be carefully controlled. Their disposition should be made in a manner consistent with procedures in 3.5.2 and 3.5.3 (Capacitors) Chemtrec operates around the clock - 24 hours a day, seven days a week - to receive direct-dial toll-free calls from any point in the continental United States through a wide area telephone service (WATS) number, 800-424-9300 (483-7616 for calls originating within the District of Columbia; 202-483-7616 for calls originating outside the continental D.S.). and 4.1.6 (Transformers). 0269248 -16- PCB-ARCH0745466 6.J..2 It is recommended that all past and 6.4 Installed Equipment present manufacturersof PCBs and PCB-con- It is recommended that all users should have an taining equipment be listed with Chemtrec. on-site spill prevention counter-measure and Contact "CHEMTREC" at.the manufacturing control plan which should be followed in the Chemists Association, 1825 Connecticut Ave., event of an accident. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. 6.4.1 Capacitors 6.2 National Response Center. 6.2.1 What is it Location! U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Nassif Building, 400 7th Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20590. Function* To coordinate pollution emergen cies when national involvement is required. Nationwide Reporting Network for receiving pollution reports. The basis of this net work is a well publicized toll-free tele Capacitors should be installed in accordance ' with 3.7.3. 6.4.2 Transformers Transformers should be installed in accordance with Section 4.2.3.3. 6.4.3 Spills In case of liquid spills due to leaks or equipment failures, the procedures outlined in sections 3.7.2 for capacitors and 4.2.3.2 for transformers should be followed. phone number (800-424-8802) which anyone may use to call the National Response Cen ter reporting pollution incidents or acci dents which may result in pollution. Relay of Pollution Reports to the local representatives of the Federal Agency re sponsible for action when a pollution dis charge has ^occurred. When necessary, other specific local, regional, or national rep resentatives for the various agencies will also be notified. 6.3 Shipment of Liquids and Equipment Con taining PCBs. t 6.3.1 Labeling All containers and equip ment containing PCBs shall be labeled in accordance with sections 3.6, 4.1.3, 4.2.2.1 and 4.3. 6.3.2 Shipping Papers. Shipping papers should contain the following warning state ment t CAUTION: Contains PCBs(askarel) that are environmental contaminants. In case of leaks, or spills, restrain discharge, DO NOT FLUSH. For further instructions call Chemtrec (800-424-9300) and the manufac turer. Also notify* National response Center (800-424-8802). 7. REFERENCES 7.1 References to Text (1) Standard Method of Test for Rapid Gas Chromatographic Estimation of High Boiling Homologues of Chlorinated Biphenyls for Capa citor Askarels,(ASTM D3303-74]. (2) American National Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity of Askarels, C59.1965 (R1973) (ASTM D 1810-63 (1973)]. (3) American National Standard Method of Test for Neutralization Number by Color-Indicator Titration, 211,131-1964 (R1974) (ASTM D 976-64 (1973), IP 139/65). (4) American National Standard Method of Test for Neutralization Number by Potentioraetrie Titration, Zll.59-1958 (R1971) (ASTM D664-58 (1968), IP 177/641 . (5) Standard Method of Test for Density of Rubber Chemicals,[ASTM D 1817-66 (1972)]. (6) American National Standard Method of Test for Inorganic Chlorides in Askarels, C59.55-1963 (R1973)( ASTM D 1821-63 (1973)). (7) American National Standard Method of Test for Pour Point of Petroleum Oils, 211.5-1966 (R1972) (ASTM D 97-66 (1971), IP 15/67)]. (8) American National Standard Method of Test for Power Factor and Dielectric Constant of Electrical Insulating Liquids, C59.22-1967 (R1973)( ASTM D 924-65 (1973)]. OZbM1'9 -17- PCB-ARCH0745467 (9) American National Standard Method of Teat for Specific Resistance (resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids, C59.51-1965 (R1973) l ASTM D 1169-64 (1973)1 . (10) American National Standard Method of Teat for Hydrolyzable Chlorine Compounds in Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Askarel) C59.106-1970(ASTM D 1820-65 (1971)). (11) American National Standard Method of Test for Thermal Stability of Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Askarels), C59.1111970 [.ASTM D 1936-64 (1971)1. (12) American National Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Road Tars, A37.91974 [ ASTM D20-721. (13) American National Standard Methods of Testing Electrical Insulating Oils, C59.21974 ASTM D 117-71 (1973) (14) American National Standard Method of Teat for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes, C59.19-1968 (R1973) ( ASTM D 877-67 (1971)). (15) American National Standard Method of Test for Plash and Pire Points by Cleveland Open Cup, Xll.6-1973 (ASTM D 92-74, IP 36/67). (16) American National Standard Method of Test for Saybolt Viscosity, 211.2-1956 (R1971) l ASTM D 88-56 (1973)1 . (17) American National Standard Method of Test for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels, C59. 57-1963 (1973) (ASTM D 1903-63 (1973)). (18) MUNCH, R.H. Measuring the dissipation factor, dielectric constant, and resistivity of liquids. Insulation/Circuits, vol 16, Mar. 1970, pp 46-4?: ` (19) Chlorodiphenyls. Hygienic Guide Series. Westmont, New Jersey: American Industrial Hygiene Association, Jan-Feb 1965. (20) Standard Specification for Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Askarels) for Transformars.l ASTM D 2283-73.1 7.2 General References Polychlorinated Biphenyls and the Environment, Interdepartmental Task Force on PCBs, Wash ington, D.C., May 1972. (National Technical Information Service, U.S. Dept, of Commerce, Springfield, Va. 22151.) (COM-72-10419). DRINKER, C.K. Further observations on the possible systemic toxity of certain of the chlorinated hydrocarbons. Journal of Indus-. trail Hygiene and Toxicology, vol il, 1939, * pp isr-Tl'9. --------------- DRINKER, C.K.) WARREN, M.F.f AND BENNET, G.A. The problem of possible systemtfc. effects from chlorinated hydrocarbons, Journal of Industrial Hyqiene and Toxicoloqy, vol' 19, 1937, pp ill-328. ELKINS, H.B. The Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology. New York: John Wiley 6 Sons, Inc., 1959. GREENBURG, L.; MAYERS, M.R.; AND SMITH, A.R. The systemic effects resulting from exposure to certain chlorinated hydrocarbons. Journal of Industrial Hyqiene and Toxicology, vol. 2i, 1939, pp 29-38. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Sub stances and Physical Agents" in the Work room Environment. Cincinnati: American Conference of Govermental Industrial Hygienists, 1973. TREON, J.F.) CLEVELAND, F.P.fCAPPEL, J; and ATCHLEY, R.W. The toxicity of the vapors of Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1254. American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly, vol. 17, 1956, pp 104-211 * 8. REVISION OF AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS RE FERRED TO IN THIS DOCUMENT. When the American National Standards referred to in this document are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards In stitute, Inc., the revision shall apply. 0269250 -18- PCB-ARCH0745468 APPENDIXES (These Appendixes are not a part of American National Standard Guidelines for Handling and Disposal of Capacitor - and Trans former-Grade Askarels Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls, C107.1 -197__, but are included for information purposes only. APPENDIX A Disposal Services (g) Richmond Sanitary Service Richmond, California (415-234-3304) All forms. In addition to the supervised dry land fill sites that may be used for the disposal of askarel-containing scrap, the following additional known facilities and services have been established. For other facilities, call your regional Environmental Protection Agency Office. (See Appendix D). 2. Chemical Waste Disposal Co. Elizabeth, N.J. (201-351-5460) Disposal by incineration 3. Chem-Trol Pollution Services, Inc. P.O. Box 200 1550 Balroer Road Model City, N.Y. 14107 Phoner 716-754-8231 Can handle solids and liquids by incinera tion or land disposal. The firms listed below (not all-inclusive) will accept PCBs for treatment or disposal, as noted. The Environmental Protection Agency does not endorse any of these firms and cannot vouch for the environmental adequacy of their operations. Each-of' these firms has been' contacted and reports having the required technical characteris tics to adequately handle PCBs, in accord ance with Recommended Procedures for the Disposal of PCB-Containing Waste (Indus trial Facilities) as published by EPA in the Federal Register. The appropriate State or EPA Regional Office should be consulted for environmental suitability of the firm/site. This organization has facilities and ser vices capable of handling: (1) Liquids. solvents or oils. incineration. Askarels alone or mixed with Disposal by High-temperature (2) Solids (software). Askarel-soaked com pounds, rags, cartons, absorbing earths, etc. Disposal by incineration or scientific landfill. (3) Solids (hardware). Capacitors, trans former tanks, cores, askarel-soaked metals. Disposal by scientiric landfill. Has solvent extraction capability. 1. California Class I Landfills 4. Hyon Waste Management Services, Inc. Chicago, 111. (312-646-0016) (a) Casmalia Disposal Site Santa Barbara, California (800-969-4703) Can handle solids and liquids by Incinera Bulk Liquids and drummed materials. tion. (b) BKK Corporation Wilmington, California (213-775-3607) 5. Monsanto Company All forms. 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis, Missouri 63166 (c) Environmental Protection Corporation Phone: 314-694-3352 Bakersfield, California All forms. Handles only liquid askarels manufactured (d) County of Los Angeles Whittier, California (213-699-7411) Facilities: Palos Verdes Calsbasas All forms. (a) San Diego County San Diego, California (714-565-5703) All forms (f) Ventura County Dept, of Public Works Ventura, California (805-648-2717) All forms. by Monsanto. Disposal is by incineration. This organization has facilities and ser vices capable of handling askarel liquids alone or mixed with other oils or solvents by hightemperature incineration. Liquid is pumped through a gun with atomizing steam into incinera tor. 0^69251 PCB-ARCH0745469 Temperatures are maintained at 2000F with auxiliary natural gaa. Exit gases are quen ched to 180F by contact with water. Gas is then passed through a high-energy venturi , scrubber for removal of particulates. Before o exhausting to air (110 F, gases are passed through a packed column scrubber to remove BC1. Askarel liquids containing more than II water, or any phosphate esters cannot be accepted. 6. Nuclear Engineering Co., Inc. Lousiville, KY. (502-426-7160) Facilities: Sheffield, 111. Beatty, Nev. Disposal by landfill? Can handle drummed liquids and solids. Nuclear Engineering Company Eastern Division P.O. Box 146 Morehead, Ky. 40351 Phone: 606-784-6611 Nuclear Engineering Company Disposal Division Sheffield, 111. 61341 Phone: 815-454-2624 The organization provides containerization, transporation, and disposal services of all liquids and solids (including hardware). Dis posal is in controlled chemical and scientific landfill area. Licensed by Atomic Energy Commission for radioactive waste disposal. The organization also has two West Coast loca tions, in the states of California and Washin- ton. 7. Rollins Environmental Services, Inc. P.O. Box 2349 Wilmingtoft, Delaware 19899 Phone: 340-658-8541 This organization has facilities and ser vices capable of handling; (1) Liquids. Askarel alone or mixed with solvents or oils. Disposal is by high-tamperatuxe incineration. (2) Solids (software). Askarel-soaked com pounds, rags, cartons, absorbing earths, etc. Disposal is by incigeration at combustion teapeatures up to 2500 F. Incineration gases axe scrubbed, and entrained solids are removed be fore exhausting to air. Rollins Environmental Services maintains dis posal facilities in the following areas: Philadelphia/Camden: Rollins Environmental Services, Route 322 Logan Township Bridgeport, New Jersey 08014 Inc. Baton Rouge: Rollins Environmental Services, Inc. Scenic Highway f, West Cheatham Lane Scotlandville East Baton Rouge Parish, La. 70807 Houston: Rollins Environmental Services, Tidal Road & Highway 134 Deer Park,Texas 77536 Inc. 8. Texas Ecologists, Inc. Robstown, Texas Phone: 512-387-3518 Disposal by landfill.. 9. Wes Con, Inc. Twin Falls, Idaho (208-733-0897) Receive packaged materials for disposal in missile silos. 10. Gedcor Environmental Protection Corp. 1313 Newburgh Rd. Westland, Michigan 48185 Phone: 313-326-0600 Will accept transformers, capacitors and PCBs solidified in Imbiber* beads, APPENDIX B ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AND LABORATORY SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS. Bl. General Analysis for PCB in environmental samples is a tedious process due to the very low levels (ppb or ppt) which are of interest and due to the high sensitivity of the electron capture chromatographic procedure. It cannot be over emphasized that extreme care must be taken to ensure first that the sample is representative and second that sufficient numbers of blanks, Dow Chemical Corp. -20- 0269252 PCB-ARCH0745470 and sample replicates are tested to define detectability limits and precision of the particular equipment and procedure being used. Cleanliness of sampling devices and contain*era and their extraction is also important. Analytical procedures for the determination of PCB# in air, water and sediments are given in section B3. B2. Laboratories Por a listing of laboratories offering services for PCB analysis refer to Directory of Testing Laboratories publication STP333A available from the American Society for Test ing and Materials (ASTM) 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. If an outside laboratory is used, a verification of capabil ity is recommended. B3. Analytical Procedures DOMESTIC NAME MANUFACTURER Askarel* Chlorextol Qorinol Clorphen Diaclor Dykanol Eleraex Eucarel Hyvol Xnerteen No-Flaraol Pyranol Saf-T-Kuhl Universal Mfg. Company Allis-Chalmers Sprague Electric JARD Company, Inc. Sangamo Electric Cornell Dubilier McGraw Edison Electric Utilities Corp. Aerovox Westinghouse Electric Wagner Electric General Electric Kuhlman Electric OFFSHORE Clophen Fenclor Kennechlor Phenoclor DK Pyralene Pyroclor Solvol Bayer (Germany) Caffaro (Italy) Kenneclor (Japan) Prodelec (France) Caffaro (Italy) Prodelec (Franca) Monsanto (UK) USSR "World-Wide generic name used for insulating liquids in capacitors and tramsformers that usually contain PCB'a. See ASTM D3304-74, "Analysis of Environ APPENDIX D mental Materials for Polychlorinated Biphenyls". ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGIONAL OFFICES. APPENDIX C TRADEMARK DESIGNATIONS USED BY MANUFACTUR ERS FOR LIQUIDS CONTAINING PCBS. Capacitors or transformers in service and liquid shipments showing the following trade mark designations contain PCBs. These have been or are in use and usually the designa tion appears on the nameplate or the warning label. NAME Aroclor Aroclor B Asbestol Askarel* Askarel* DOMESTIC MANUFACTURER Monsanto Mallory American Corporation Hevi-Duty Corporation Ferranti-Packard Ltd. Environmental Protection Agency Region I, Room 2303 John F. Kennedy Federal Building Boston, Massachusetts 02203 Telephone: 617-223-7265 Environmental Protection Agency Region II, Room 909 26 Federal Plaza New York, New York 10007 Telephone: 201-548-8730 Environmental Protection Agency Region II Curtis Bldg., 6th 6 Walnut Sts. Philadelphia, Pa. 19106 Telephone: 215-597-9898 Environmental Protection Agency Region IV 1421 Peachtree Street, N.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30909 Telephone: 404-526-5062 Environmental Protection Agency Region V 230 South Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60604 Telephone: 312-896-7591 0269253 -21- PCB-ARCH0745471 Environmental Protection Agency Region VI, Suite 1000 160C Patterson Street Dallas, Texas 75201 Environmental Protection Agency Region VII 1705 Baltimore Avenue Kansas City, Missouri 64108 Telephone: 816-374-3778 Environmental Protection Agency Region VIII, Suite 900 1860 Lincoln Street Denver, Colorado 80208 Telepnonei 303-837-3880 Environmental Protection Agency Region IX 100 California Street San Francisco, California 94111 Environmental Protection Agency Region X 1200 Sixth Avenue Seattle, Washington 98101 Telephone: 206-442-1263 0269254 -22- PCB-ARCH0745472