Document qjEJvpjD43aoek4RDbqmj1Kk

V " " F' ^ " w r g*1l: ^ w ^ t * ^ I M,'.'l" f M"I|VI<IM 'W| <*7TU7 **. " f1* If d LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Groybcr Building, 430 loxlngton Avoouo N*w York, N. T. us. I<u6 Nv i il o to feabort of tho load Industrial JLaaodaUo&t frubjacti EalatlTp Varlta of Load and L--A Subtituti ftibotltatoo hosra mad* hoary lnroodj Is tho at* of load for coUdsc water linos. To hare boas roqu-ntod by tovara! oabort to prorlde then with oeeful dots ohowtz^ tho aorlti of loed cocparod with othor available coSdoj eocp<roMo. Shore oro eoajr ttrote reasons r l*od loo preferred eollrlng bo to rial, and to holp calkin* load Bosifocturers Boot tho arraeants of talphnr and sand, or ceaent substitutes, wo hot o protorod a aorio rondos, u por copy attached, os tho subject, trtra copies of thlo oeaorandtar will bo o^ipUod upoa rofurt. Socrotor7. V / W|*r .***!* ".M1 *D VU'> i* lif.1*ffR irnrmmv H nu,iannj r.'T'w oekiw ' --' -** 142167?5 # 0 0 Vsnorfidm on the Selatire Kurils of load and Lead Substitute! for Jointing Boll and Spifot Tips Of ths lend substitute! nest comonly snoounttred, Loadlte, Eydrotit! or-l Ulnerolood are slaply mlxtursi of sulphur and sand. They do not contain any lead. Ceoont is also frequsntly used In certain areas. XU of thoto natariale nake joint* that art stronger, haider and mor* brittle than load. Practically- rrjry pipe lino li subject to ground sub sidence, aornont or Titration. Tor Instance, traffic cacao! Titration, dry eeathwr causes contraction of the toll, fro'rt-^ author causes It to swell, and builllna excavations and aaqr othar cacaoi rorclt la rot1 done# or other aorosaat. Plpo linti that c m theso Jointing notorial* ora mail of rigid. and usually brittle, natariali thoaislret, largely cait Iron. If tho Joint! aro than sod* with leal substitutes, there l! virtually no proTieion for noTenent of any kind in tho pipe lino. Xi a rooult, olthor tho hard Jointing natorial! crack, spall and look or tho plpo ltaolf 1* ow*r-straln*d and brook*. On tho othor hand, load, being soft and flexible, per mit! novsaeat eithmt either leakage at tho Joint or undue strain being placed on the pipe. Ihea Joint! Bade of scbstltatos for load leak. It la nceesaary to retails tho entire Joint la order to effect repair!. Shi! is not only a trocblosoee and lengthy Job, bet It Beano that tho water supply through tho plpo oust bo temporarily shut off. If tho pipe it doflsctod sufficiently, however, to c u m load Joint! to leak, slnnl* calking repairs theta, effecting a saving lb tine and expense, and asking shutting off of tho w`. \r an no cosiar7. Of far greater eorlousnese, hoeeror, is tho replaconent of failed MCtlono of pipe. The rigid Jointing ait.rial! cscM hoary strains to bo placed on tho pipe ehon ground aorooent occurs. If ths Joint ltsslf doss not fall, often tho pipe dll, ao soanthlag snot give to ralloro th.ao atrains. Since lead Joint* are flexible, they do not cause cade# strain to bo placed on the pipe and consequently protect the pip* against this kind of breakage. Tatar eorks' engineers say have had nany dpe failures which they blB.ed on the pipe, Investigation, hovrrer, would frequently shoe that tho pip* eat not faulty but that lead substltutss had been used for Joints and had caasad excessive strains on tho pipe. ^LJ J.i'Wlf nn iiinin m N 1680.01 ium mf a i H"' ;- * n r * :-'n - f -2- Salatlr* Warlt* of UU 1 and Lend Babitltutai 0 Ca*t iron pip* li laatollad >ith tb* *xpct*tloa that It Till la*. 100 y*r* or mor*. lion* of the lead tubitltnt** ha* b*a used for Joint* for nearly that Ion* a period and It li, th-*fur, not known whether they Till b ** durbl a* tb* pip*. Indication* nr* that, i und*r crtsdn condition* at la*t, th*y Till not. Ied ba* ban uiad for r*ral bundr*d v**r* for Joint* In cnat Iron pip* and mac/ pip* lln* ar* ttlll in MM with original load Joint* 100 or aor* year* old. It 1*, therefor*, knon that land t IU lait at Ion* a* tb pip* lln* 1* expected to la*t. Tb* follcwln* aattrial Till Hrrt to robitantlat* th* tat*- sat already aadat dn lnrtttication at th* fc*ln*ri:i* roerlnt Statloa of Ohio Stat* t3nlrrltr conducted by Prof. John C. Prior, la cooperation *lth a comltt** cf tba astrlcnn Standard* dtaoelatloa and tb* Ccluabu* (Ohio) Tatar Department, *a* rportd in a bulletin *ntltl*d 'Deflection Ttt* of Cast-Iron "afar Pip* Ball and Splfot Joint* with Special Ef*r*ne* to 3*11 Str*crrtb*a pabll*bd la 1932, Ibl* report tat*d that 'Jud*ln* froa tb* action of tb* kardi Jointing materiel* - rulpbur compound* and Portland canant - durln* th t**t*a it nay b* concluded that th** Joint* Tonld bar# bad ~:c*lr* l*ak** t 11 In adranc* of tba tie* of ball (train*. It ** found that tdtb a certain deflation at tb* Joint, lead nb*tltut< lcakod, *hrn* with approximately tb* earn* deflection, o l**d Joint* rosaluad tight. C*ant, Laadlt* and Hydrotlt# all cracked and tpelled badly when tba Joint ni deflected. Kin.ralecd *aa not teated bit Tould doubtle** bar* *ct*d la tba uu T*y. - A. paper antltlad 'Operating iconamlt* la Tatar fork* System*", by T. 1. MvJonnld, City "ater Tort* bn*ln*er, Ottawa, Canale, published In tb* Au*asta 1932, Journal of tb* Boarlcm Tatar Tork* association, pointed out that tb* rub*tltut for Joint* *er* conld*rably ebanper to u* than lead b*c*n** tby do not requlr* calkin*, but further *tat*(, a* against tMi sarin* in initial cost of mala lari Of, tb* engineer ba* to carefully conilder tb* nany merit* of tb* in of l**d a* a Jolntln* material. Tba u* of lead permit* of <pr**tr flexibility la tb* pip* lln* than no*t of tb* Jointing coeooundt, During tb* matt ramar, thl * fact *a* T*ry aotlcaebl# 4ur!n/r tb* *xc*etlT*ly dry period owing to tba shrink*** of tho earth. T* exprlenc*d nor* than twanty fracture* {` thro ugh th* tronrrar** *ctlon of tb* pip* ladlatly adjacent to tb* old tin* rigidly nad* spigot and fancat joint, 3 o 'Tb* pa(t rxaoar vltn***d tb* {ruUet number of fractur** la our dlitrlbutloa ijiUn during tb* pait twanty y*ar* and It 1* a eat";? of record that not on* break occurred la clot* proximity to a lead calk*d Joist," In Ban Trancisco, Cal., la 1930, a IS la. cast Iron pdt>* lln* "lth about 1000 Joint* ** laid. Part of tb* Joint* a*r* a*d* *ltb l*ad and part witb ci-stnt. la august, 1932, about 90 braaka occurred and b*t***a that tla* and October, 1933, about 190 mor*. ill of tb*** break* **r la or n*ar tb* ball of tb* pip* hr* lead *ub*tltut** had bae u**d for Joint*. fifty of tb* lead Joint* war* *xa*dn*d end fend to b* fault1*(. th* pip* lln* re-lay*d u*ln* leal Joint* xclu*lr*ly. H*l *!*()' l.l^peRM, .** .- .r, -.-- 1 - . fz-. -* . ~ir ~ -J 0 S - Btlatlwe Merit l of Lead and Lead Subitltutee. Larfw diameter concrete pipe at need by the Metropolitan *atcr Dittrlct of Southern California eeployt lead calkel Jolnte, t Since the caimfncturere of eoncrttt pipe rely on lead fo.* the necettar7 flexibility in their oipa llntt, it Mm abturd that teat water department! ute Cement or other hard eubrtltutee for lead , Joint* in cast Iron pipe, which it Jaet at rlfld at oonertta. The October, 1633, lttue of Chaslcal and Uetallurflcal Inclneeritf contained as article entitled, "bacteria Dtttroy pipe Line in California', It thowt that certain bacteria attack the tulpbur in Joint compound* like Leadlte, Eydrotlte and Klneralaad, cmitlnx then to bacon* porout and fall in a ralatlrely abort tine. : X eDaclfic cate of thlt htppeninc it dtiw-ribsi aid clearly ehowe that, at leatt under certain condition*, lead rubetltntee can not be expocted to latt at loaf at catt iron pipe 11net. * diUUittiMtttfMMMfciik -J i1"! .up^qrjik.n |U.n pupn P 1.3,1 (