Document qeKRkm7g4kbRgEyMzkkBQYGn

FILE NAME: Orton (ORT) DATE: 1928 DOC#: ORT004 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Book Excerpt - Chapter on Vermiculite Near Libby, Montana from Contributions to Geology DEPOSITS OF VERMICULITE AND OTHER MINERALS IN THE RAINY CREEK DISTRICT, NEAR LIBBY, MONT. B y J. T. P ardee and E. S. L arsen SUMMARY The deposits described are in an easily accessible area about 7 miles north east of Libby, Mont. They occur in a stock of alkaline rocks th a t is intrusive into argillite and quartzite of the Algonkian Belt series.- About two-thirds of the stock consists of a coarse-grained pyroxenite th at ranges from nearly uumixed pyroxene to nearly unmixed biotite or its alteration product vermiculite and generally contains an unusual amount (7 to 10 per cent) of fluorine-rich apatite. In addition, the analysis of a representative sample shows the pres ence of more vanadium (0.12 per cent VsOs) than occurs in igneous rocks generally. The remainder of the stock is coarse-grained syenite composed chiefly of intergrown potash and soda feldspars (microcline microperthite) and altered nepheline syenite composed chiefly of microperthite and nests of secondary muscovite. Near the main igneous body is a dike of fresh nepheline syenite. Widespread and unusual changes in the stock have been caused by hydrotherm al action. The principal minerals thus produced are white mica, aeglrite and aeglrite-diopside (both locally vanadlferous), vermiculite, and fibrous ampldboles. Locally titanite and feldspars are developed and also veins con taining a variety of minerals. A large body of the vermiculite is being developed commercially by the Zonolite Co. In addition several smaller bodies are being explored by the Vermiculite & Asbestos Co., and in some of these bodies the mineral makes up from 30 to 84 per cent o-f the pyroxenite country rock. Vermiculite is com paratively new to commerce. I t is a micalike mineral containing a large amount of water. Upon being heated It expands enormously and assumes golden or silvery lusters. The expanded material is so light th a t it floats on water. I t appears to have a low heat conductivity and to resist high tempera ture. The Zonolite Co. reports 1,500,000 pounds mined and sold under the trade name " Zonolite." The uses of zonolite include fireproof roofing, wall board, and similar material, packing for refrigerators, sound-dendening plas ters, boiler covering, electrical insulation, and wall-paper decoration. On the spur north of Kearney Creek much, of the pyroxene of the large pyroxenite body has been altered to amphibole of a fibrous habit th a t is known commercially as amphibole asbestos. Bodies of a dikelike form 14 feet or less in width consist of nearly unmixed amphibole asbestos (near tremolite), and in several places this substance composes from 50 to 75 per cent of the country rock. A small amount has been mined for experimental purposes, b u t no com mercial production is reported. The material near the surface is rather easily 17 18 CONTRIBUTION'S TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 1 9 2 8 , PART I separated or fiberized. The fibers are weak and inelastic, but they compose a fluffy mass that to all appearances is similar to the ordinary run of amphibole mass fiber. The syenite body contains large masses of nearly unmixed alkaline feldspar, but whether its quality is such as is required in the ceramic or other industries has not been determined. Veins that occur in the pyroxenite mass contain--in addition to quartz-- chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, fluorite, strontianite, celestite, aegirlte, aegiritediopside, and other minerals. Samples of the aegirites showed the presence, respectively, of nearly 4 per cent and nearly 3 per cent of vanadium oxide (ViOs). A sample of a part of one vein contained about 2 per cent of copper. INTRODUCTION The deposits described herein have been visited by the writers at different times between 1911 and 1927. During the earlier part of that period quartz lodes along Rainy Creek were being developed by B. M. Thomas, since deceased, whom the writers hold in grateful recollection for aid and courtesies extended to them in the field. The specimens collected at that time included several unusual and inter esting kinds of rocks and minerals. Analyses of some of them in the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey showed, among other things, the presence of considerable vanadium, on which a report was published.1 A fter the death of Mr. Thomas several years ago development work ceased for a time. D uring the World W ar the demand for steel-hardening metals directed the attention of E. N. Alley, of Libby, to the area as a possible source of vanadium. While searching a small tunnel for ores of that metal he observed that the flakes of a coarse micalike mineral in the walls swelled enor mously when heated by the flame of his candle. The flaky mineral proved to be vermiculite, and further examination showed it to be present in great quantities. Since then Mr. Alley and others, incor porated as the Zonolite Co., have developed this unique deposit and built a plant at Libby to convert the crude vermiculite into the prod uct which they call " zonolite." More recently several companies have been formed to exploit other deposits in the same area. GEOGRAPHY The area under consideration is the lower p art of the basin of Rainy Creek, about 7 miles northeast of Libby, Mont. (See pi. 1.) I t is easily reached from the main automobile highway along the north bank of the Kootenai River by a short branch road up Rainy Creek. The Great Northern Railway approaches within 2 miles, but it lies on the opposite bank of the river. A few miles below Rainy 1Larsen, E. S., and Hunt, W. F., Two vanadiferous aegirites from Libby, M ont.: Am. Jour. Scl,, 4th ser., voi- 36, pp. 289-296, 1913. U. fl, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 806 PLATE 1 E X P L A N A T IO N B io tite rock (Altered to verm iculite) pi S yenite s> v- V -y sV \' Pyroxenite B e lt series (A rg illite ,q u a rtz ite , end lim e sto n e ) S trike end dip A dit Prospect C o n to u r in te r v a l IQO f e e t Datum mean sea level GEOLOGIC MAP OF TH E RAINY CREEK D ISTRICT, T. 31 N., R. 30 W.p MONTANA VERMICULITE IN RAINY CREEK DISTRICT, MONT. 19 Creek, however, a logging railroad crosses to the north bank. The name Rainy Creek, is said to be a corruption of Rennie Creek, the stream having originally been named after a prospector, John Rennie, who explored its basin about 40 years ago. For a mile above its mouth the valley of Rainy Creek is narrow and steep-sided. F arth er up it is wider and its bordering slopes gentle. This upper stretch, together with several small branch val leys, form s a basinlike depression surrounded by mountains 1,000 feet or more high. W ithin it the local relief ranges from 500 to 1,000 feet. The altitude at the mouth of Rainy Creek is somewhat less than 2,100 feet, and the ridges surrounding the basin reach 4,500 feet or more. GEOLOGY BELT SERIES The Rainy Creek basin is underlain chiefly by argillite and quartz ite that apparently are the equivalents of the rocks exposed along the Kootenai River west of Libby described by C alkins2 as follows: Summary of section in gorge of Kootenai River between Troy and L illy , Mont. Feet Argillite, greenish gray and dark blue, finely laminated, not continuously exposed------------------------------------------------------ 4,300 Quartzite and indurated sandstone and shale, reddish purple and green_____________________________________________ 1,250 Argillite grading into sericitic quartzite, mainly green, but with purple strata iuterbedded__________________________ 1,400 Argillite, siliceous, greenish gray, in part somewhat calca reous and weathering to a yellow color;dip flat, about____ 1,000 Limestone, cream-colored, weathering somewhat yellow, with some partings of green argillite, exposed near Kootenai' Falls ________________________________________________ 30 Shale, indurated, and shaly limestone and quartzite, purple a n d g ra y -g re e n , w ith so m e c a lc a re o u s b a n d s ______________ 600 Argillite, mostly greenish gray, weathering yellow as if cal careous, sun-cracked and ripple-marked__________________ 3,200 Argillite, purple_________________________________________ 5 Argillite, gray-green____________________________________ 100 11,885 No detailed examination of these rocks was made in the Rainy Creek area, but in general they exhibit moderately steep dips and open folds that trend northwestward. Near the borders of the intru sive stock described farther on the argillite is altered to a faintly banded hornstone; elsewhere the rocks show the effects of regional metamorphism only. They doubtless belong to the Algonkian Belt series. ,, , a Calkins, F. C., A geological reconnaissance In northern Idaho and northw estern M ontana : U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 384, p. 70, 1909, 20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 192 8, PART I PORPHYRY Small dikes of a rather dark gray rock that is classified as quartz latite porphyry are apparently the oldest intrusive rocks present. They penetrate the Belt series in many places, but none were seen cutting the other igneous rocks. They consist of phenocrysts of white feldspar (plagioclase) in a fine-grained groundmass made up of quartz, feldspars (orthoclase, plagioclase), and alteration products, including epidote, sericite, chlorite, calcite, and biotite. IN T R U SIV E STOCK A stock of alkaline rocks intrusive into the Belt series underlies an area of about 6 square miles in the basin of Rainy Creek. (See pi. 1.) I t is composed of pyroxenite and syenite and their alteration products; the pyroxenite is the older of the two. These rocks, espe cially the pyroxenite, are much less resistant to weathering and ero sion than the surrounding Belt rocks, and a basin has, therefore, developed in them. Pyroxenite.--A coarse-grained pyroxenite composes about twothirds of the stock. I t is a soft dark-green rock that forms the gentler slopes and offers few natural outcrops. In most places the rock is so friable that it can be crushed to a sand by squeezing in the hand. In mining operations holes for blasting commonly can be made in this rock with an ordinary auger. In mineral composition the rock ranges from nearly unmixed pyroxene to nearly unmixed biotite or its alteration product vermiculite. Apatite high in fluorine commonly makes up 7 to 10 per cent of the rock, which therefore is the richest in apatite among all the large bodies of rock known to the writers. Feldspar (microcline microperthite) occurs in amounts as much as 15 per cent of the mass. The accessory minerals are chiefly magnetite (or ilmenite) with rarely titanite and garnet. As shown by the analysis of a representative sample taken from a tunnel on the Napoleon claim, the pyroxenite is composed chiefly of the silicates of iron, calcium, and magnesium. The rock contains proportionately less silica and magnesia and more iron and lime than most pyroxenites. It is high in phosphorus and fluorine; these ele ments together with much of the excess of lime are contained in the apatite previously mentioned. An unusually interesting feature is the presence of a noteworthy amount of vanadium.3 The complete analysis follows: a Larsen, E, S., and Hunt, W. F., op cit., p. 293. VERMICULITE IN RAINY CREEK DISTRICT, MONT, 21 Analysis of pyroxenite from Rainy Creek, Mont. [Analyzed by George Steiger In the laboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey. Nickel not tested for. Specific gravity, 3.417, measured on a full-sized hand specimen) Per cent Per cent S iO ~ A1=0 _ Fe=Oa_ FeO-- MgOl. CaONa=0_ . . 37.47 _ 2.86 . . 11.77 ,, 7.83 10.12 ._ 21.68 .47 CO,_________________________ P=0=________________________ s __________________________ F.............................. V, n.i________________________________ MnO_______________________ BaO.................... 0.36 4. 33 . 04 . 36 .12 . 16 08 K=0 ~ .. .93 SrO.............................................- . 14 H=0~ H=0+ TiO-- ZrOa-- . .27 .73 - 1.07 _ None. 100.77 Less O_____________________ . 02 100.75 Syenite.--About one-third of the Rainy Creek stock consists of syenite, the main body of which occupies an area of about 2 square miles in the southwestern part. In addition many small bodies of syenite cut the pyroxenite, only the larger of which are indicated on the map. Much of the syenite is variable in texture, and the mass is probably made up of several separate but related intrusive bodies. The rock of the main body is medium to coarse grained, nearly white where fresh but iron stained on weathered surfaces. I t is composed chiefly of intergrown potash and soda feldspars (micro line microperthite), with about 15 per cent of secondary muscovite in coarse plates. Accessory and secondary minerals, which as a rule are present in small amounts, include dark hornblende, fluorite, apa tite, titanite, rutile, biotite, and garnet. The diltelike body that projects into the ridge north of Kearney Creek is a medium-grained greenish-gray to nearly white rock with numerous streaks and bunches of a darker color. I t is also made up chiefly of microperthite. The darker parts are rich in pyroxene and titanite. A dike of syenite at the northern extremity of the stock is opened for nearly 100 feet by a tunnel. This rock is giant grained and composed mostly of intergrown potash and soda feldspars (perthite) cut by very numerous veinlets of green pyroxene (diop- sidic aegirite). South of the stock in the Belt rocks, on the ridge north of Thomas Creek, is a small dike of nepheline syenite. This rock varies irregu larly from fine to coarse grained, and the coarser grains have diam eters as great as 7 inches. I t is composed chiefly of the soda feldspar albite, the closely related mineral nepheline, and the potash feldspar microcline in nearly equal amounts. In addition there are small amounts of aegirite, apatite, and magnetite and secondary fluorite 22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 19 2 8 , PART I and zeolites. In the hand specimen the rock is seen to consist mainly of white feldspar. The nepheline occurs in crystals several inches across, which on account of their brown tint and greasy luster show plainly in contrast with the porcelain-like feldspar. GRANITE AND MONZONITE A few small dikes of nearly white granite cut the Belt rocks, and one such dike a few inches wide was observed to penetrate the syenite. The rock is composed mainly of feldspar and quartz with small amounts of pyroxene, apatite, titanite, fluorite, and magnetite. On .the Ada claim a small dike that cuts the pyroxenite shows small porphyritic crystals of feldspar and green hornblende in a fine groundmass. I t is to be classified as quartz monzonite porphyry. HYDROTHERM AL M ETAMORPHISM Changes in the stock by the action of hot solutions have been so widespread and so unusual in character as to deserve special notice. The principal minerals produced by these changes are white mica, aegirite, aegirite-diopside (both locally vanadiferous), vermiculite, and fibrous amphiboles. Locally titanite and feldspars are de veloped, and also quartz veins containing chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, strontianite, and other minerals. In the following pages the present or prospective economic value of several of the minerals is discussed. M INERAL DEPOSITS VERMICULITE Character.--The vermiculites are micalike minerals that give off much water when heated and therefore exhibit the physical character of exfoliation. Some kinds are described as slowly opening out into long wormlike threads, hence the group name. D ana4 lists more than a dozen varieties of vermiculite from different places. The variety from West Chester, Pa., called jefferisite resembles the ver miculite from Kainy Creek more closely perhaps than any of the others. Dana describes it as occurring in broad crystals or crystalline plates. Surface of plates often triangularly marked by the crossing of lines at angles of 60 and 120. Cleavage: Basal, eminent. Flexible, almost brittle. H.=1.5. G.=2.30. Luster pearly on cleav age surface. Color dark yellowish brown and brownish yellow; light yellow by transmitted light; also greenish yellow. General occurrence.--Vermiculite is a constituent of some altered igneous rocks, and it generally occurs mixed with other minerals and * Dana, J. D., The system of mineralogy, Descriptive mineralogy, 6th ed., pp. 664-668, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1909, VERMICULITE IN RAINY CREEK DISTRICT, MONT. 23 thus distributed through the rock mass. In a few places, however, it is found in almost clean or unmixed bodies large enough to mine. Bodies that have a dikelike form and range from 1 to 6 feet in width are reported from North Carolina. So far as known no commercial use has been made of them. A deposit in Chaffee County, Colo., is described by Sterrett5 as follows: A hydrated form of biotlte mica found about 5 miles southeastward of Hecla, in the T urret mining district, has been used in the industries during the last few years. The m aterial is mined and handled under the name of tung ash by the Denver Mining & Manufacturing Co. By calcining the mica as it comes from the mines and then crushing and sizing, a ground product with a rich golden-bronze to silver color and metallic luster is obtained. This is suitable for various decorative purposes. Because of the expansion and exfoliation the mica undergoes when calcined a little of the crude product will make a large quantity of the calcined product. The finished tung ash is light, and a small quantity will spread over a large surface. According to Mr. W. W. Kirby, secretary of the company, the mica is found in veins that lie between gray granite and hard black schist and th at reach in places a thickness of 4 feet. I t occurs in shoots about 40 feet long, very much like ores in metalliferous veins, and forms solid masses of crystals, the largest 2 or 3 inches in diameter, bunched! together a t different angles. In the parts between the ore shoots a sim ilar variety of mica forms about 50 per cent of the filling. The mica is greenish to brownish black. The folia are flexible and inelastic. When heated they swell and exfoliate vary much like vermiculite. The laminae of the calcined product are sufficiently separated and brittle to break down into a fine scaly product, which exhibits the colors and luster already mentioned. Deposits of vermiculite in the Turret district, 14 miles north of Salida, 9 miles -from Iola, Gunnison County, and at Westcliffe, Custer County, Colo., are described briefly by Alderson.8 The largest of these deposits, the one at Westcliffe, has a maximum width of more than 13 feet and is more than 30 feet long. Occurrence in the Rainy Creek district.--A body of vermiculite in the Kainy Creek district that is being developed by the Zonolite Co. on the spur north of Kearney Creek is much larger than any deposit heretofore known. It presents no natural exposures, but its outcrop and the slopes below are mantled with a yielding slippery soil com posed chiefly of micalike flakes. As incompletely shown by the work ings so far made, this body appears to be of dikelike form and at least 100 feet wide and 1,000 feet long. It extends to a depth of more than 100 feet, its lower limit not being shown. Several smaller bodies of vermiculite occur in the ground of the Vermiculite & Asbestos Co. on the northwest slope of the same spur. There a Sterrett, D. B,, Mica deposits of the United States: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 740, p. 60, 1923. e Alderson, V. C., Jefferislte, Colorado School of MlneB, no date. /, . 24 CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 1928, PART I tunnel penetrates six bodies that range from 1 to 4 feet in width. They are of flat lenslike or tabular form, and most of them are defi nitely separated from the wall rock by fault or slip planes. Incom plete exposures of several other similar bodies are made by smaller workings. The vermiculite is an alteration product of biotite and locally is one of the main constituents of the pyroxenite mass. In open cuts.and tunnels that are scattered over the upper part of the spur north of Kearney Creek it appears generally to make up 30 per cent or more of the rock. Samples representing areas of several square feet at different places in the workings of the Vermiculite & Asbestos Co. contained from 30 to 84 per cent of vermiculite. Apparently there is a huge amount of such mixed material. No analyses showing the chemical composition of the vermiculite from Rainy Creek are available. Specimens from different places described by D ana7 are all hydrated silicates of magnesium and alu minum containing more or less iron. Production and uses.--As an economic product vermiculite is com paratively new. An unknown but probably small amount has been mined in Colorado. In the Rainy Creek area near Libby, Mont., the Zonolite Co. reports 1,500,000 pounds mined and converted into the heat-expanded product zonolite and 100 tons sold in the crude form. Prices range from $10 or less a ton for the crude vermiculite to $20 or more a ton for zonolite. The most striking features of the ver miculite from Rainy Creek are its properties of expanding enor mously when heated and at the same time assuming golden or silvery lusters. The expanded material floats on water and is nearly as light as cork. I t appears to have a very low heat conductivity and to be capable of resisting high temperature. These qualities at once sug gest it to be useful for heat and cold insulation and similar purposes. Uses reported by the Zonolite Co. include fireproof roofing, plaster, and wall board, packing for safes and refrigerators, acoustic and sound-deadening plasters, pipe and boiler covering, electrical insula tion, and wall-paper decoration. FIBROUS AMPHIBOLES Locally the pyroxene (diopside) of the large pyroxenite mass has been changed by hydrothermal metamorphism to an amphibole of fibrous habit, related to tremolite. The minerals known commer cially as amphibole asbestos are more or less useful, their value depending on their quality and the relative location of the deposits. Amphibole asbestos is found in many places in the Appalachian and1 1Dana, J. D,, op. clt., p. 665. VERMlULlT N RAINY CREEK DISTRICT, MONT. 25 western mountain regions. Usually it is associated with igneous rocks and occurs as veins and bodies of dikelike form. The princi pal bodies that have been worked are in Georgia. In recent years small amounts have been mined in North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland, Little is known of the deposits in the Western States, except one near Kamiah, Idaho, which is described by D iller8 as including half a dozen ledges w hin a few square, miles. The largest of these ledges is lenticular in form, about 200 feet long and 40 feet wide. In the Rainy Creek district in Montana the workings of the Vermiculite & Asbestos Co. expose several bodies of amphibole asbestos which are of dikelike or tabular form and of different widths. The largest, as exposed by open cuts, appears to be 100 feet or more long and from a few feet to 14 feet wide. A body 4 feet or more wide exposed in the face of a tunnel at a depth of 150 feet may be the downward continuation of the same deposit. Several smaller bodies are exposed in other workings. Samples representing the different bodies show the amphibole to be mixed with 1 to 10 per cent of other minerals, chiefly vermiculite and unaltered pyroxene. In other places the country rock is particularly rich in amphibole. A sample across a width of 16 feet of the rock as exposed by a short tunnel contains, in round figures, 75 per cent of amphibole, 15 per cent of pyroxenite and apatite, and 10 per cent of vermiculite. A sample representing another body 50 feet wide consists of 50 per cent of amphibole, 30 per cent of pyroxenite, and 20 per cent of vermiculite. In several places elsewhere on the spur north of Kearney Creek the pyroxenite appears to be comparably rich in fibrous amphibole. Doubtless, if necessity arose, the fibrous mineral could be separated from the other rock constitutents, and in that event the richer parts of the pyroxenite mass m ight be the source of a very large amount of the fibrous mineral. As commonly understood, the term asbestos embraces the fibrous varieties of several minerals, including anthophyllite, tremolite, actinolite, and crocidolite, which belong to the amphibole group, and chrysotile, a variety of serpentine. The usefulness of these minerals depends on their resistance to heat and the strength and flexibility of their fibers. All the varieties mentioned except crocidolite are about equally resistant to heat. The tremolite and anthophyllite asbestos are more resistant to acids than chrysotile and crocidolite, but in flexibility and strength of fiber chrysotile and crocidolite are far superior to the others. The Diller, J. S,, II. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 470, pp. 519, 520, 1911. 26 CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 1 9 2 8 , PART I asbestiform minerals are classified also'as cross fiber and slip fiber, according to whether the fibers are crosswise or parallel to the walls o f the body. Mass fiber is the name applied to material in which the fibers or groups of fibers stand at various angles. Most of the chrysotile and the better or more valuable grades of amphibole asbestos occur as cross fiber in narrow veins that compose but a small part o f the rock removed in mining. The cheapest grades o f asbestos are mass-fiber amphibole, which, however, is commonly found in bodies of fairly large size. The annual production of amphibole asbestos in the United States from 1915 to 1925, as reported in the volumes of Mineral Resources, has ranged from 42 to 1,415 tons. The average price during the same period ranged from $8 to $160 a ton. In 1922, when the lastmentioned price was attained, the amount produced was only 42 tons, most if not all of which was a high-grade cross fiber from Pylesville, Md. The years of low price were years in which the produc tion increased and was made up chiefly of mass-fiber anthophyllite. As some of the more valuable cross fiber is included in the total amounts reported, the price of mass fiber in 1925, for example, must have been somewhat less than $9 a ton. The bulk of the amphibole asbestos produced in recent years in the United States has come from Georgia. Small amounts have been reported from Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, California, and Washington. The deposit near Kamiah, Idaho, previously men tioned, has been operated intermittently since 1916, small shipments being made in 1917 and 1925. Most of the product reported has been used as a constituent in millboards, roofing, flooring, plasters, cements, paint filler, pipe coverings, and similar articles. A small part has been used for making chemical filters, for which, as already explained, the amphibole varieties, because of their resistance to acids, are particularly well suited. However, material for this pur pose must be exceptionally clean and free from impurities of any sort, and in general its value for any purpose varies according to the strength and separability of its fibers. A small amount of amphi bole asbestos has been mined in the Rainy Creek district for experi mental purposes, but no commercial production is reported. The asbestos from Rainy Creek is related to tremolite, but the pres ence in it of considerable soda and ferric iron suggests th at it will be less resistant to heat than the true variety of tremolite. Near the surface the asbestos is rather soft and easily separated or fiberized. The fibers are weak and inelastic and break into short pieces, but they compose a fluffy mass that to all appearances is similar to the general VERMICULITE IN RAINY CREEK DISTRICT, MONT. 27 run of amphibole mass fiber. Samples from places not affected by weathering consist of rather harsh fibers that are not so easily sepa rated as those in the weathered material. To obtain a usuable prod uct more or less impurities would need to be separated from all the bodies that were seen. The value of the Rainy Creek deposits apparently depends on the development of near-by markets. FELDSPAR Most of the large mass of syenite in the Rainy Creek district is of fairly uniform composition. I t is made up chiefly of alkaline (pot ash-soda) feldspars with about 15 per cent of white mica (muscovite) in aggregates of coarse plates. Ferromagnesian minerals are almost entirely absent, but some magnesia is present in the mica, and a little iron is indicated by the characteristic stain. In the United States considerable alkaline feldspar is used in mak ing pottery, chinaware, porcelain, and other ceramic products. Most of the quarries are near the eastern seaboard, where feldspar deposits are locally abundant and where the ceramic industries are concen trated. A few are in California. The value of any deposit depends on its accessibility, nearness to markets, size, and quality. The body at Rainy Creek is of large size, but whether its quality will meet economic requirements has not been determined. I t is easily acces sible, but it is rather distant from established markets. COPPER, LEAD, ZINC, AND VANADIUM Veins that are found chiefly in the pyroxenite area were partly ex plored several years ago, as mentioned on page 18, in a search for metalliferous minerals. One of the veins, which is developed by some short tunnels and shafts on the Napoleon and Copper Antler claims, is about 10 feet wide. The middle part is chiefly quartz with scat tered grains of galena and chalcopyrite. Next to the walls are zones a few inches wide made up chiefly of vanadium-bearing aegirite, iricrocline, strontianite, celestite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite with smaller amounts of quartz, fluorite, galena, and sphalerite. A repre sentative sample of one of the zones, analyzed by R. C. Wells in the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, contained 1.92 per cent of copper. The vanadiferous aegirite is the most conspicuous mineral of the zones. It occurs as black needles as much as half an inch long that project from the walls and also form radiating nodules or spherulites embedded in the other minerals. An aegirite-augite (diopside) occurs 28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 19 2 8 , PART I also in veinlets in the form of nodules an inch or less in diameter composed of fine radiating fibers. The composition of these two pyroxenes is as follows: Analyses of vanadiferous aegirite and aegirite-augite from the Rainy Creek district, Montana [Analyzed by W. F. Hunt in tbe laboratory of tbe U. S. Geological Survey] Aegirite Aegiriteaugite Aegirite Aegiriteaugito SlOa ........................... . TiOa FejOj ................................... _____ ___________ V i O ......................................................... CaO ................................. MgO......................................... FeO.......................................... M nO ........................................ 51.01 .91 21.70 3. 08 .38 5. 53 3. 08 1.48 .58 53.32 .38 12.38 2. 86 1.40 12. 18 7. 01 3. 70 .45 N a a O ........................................................ K O .......................................................... H 20 - ...................................................... H aO + ..................................................... S ................................................................. C O j.......................................... 10.46 .22 .00 None. .13 Trace. 100.51 6.26 .26 Trace. .07 .13 100. 40 A duplicate sample gave 3.81 per cent. * A duplicate samplo gave 2.82 per cent. For a few inches on both sides of the veins the pyroxene of the wall rock is changed to a fibrous amphibole related to actinolite and glaucophane. Some calcite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite are present in the altered rock, and locally there are sulphides and large amounts of quartz. On the Joseph claim a small vein that cuts the syenite consists of quartz and a little chalcopyrite and its oxidation products. The nepheline syenite dike south of the main syenite body is also cut by a quartz vein that shows a little pyrite and galena. Several small quartz lodes occur in the belt of slightly metamor phosed sedimentary rocks surrounding the intrusive stock. One of these lodes near the nepheline syenite dike on the divide north of Thomas Creek consists chiefly of quartz and fluorite that are stained green with copper carbonates. Others farther northwest, near Kainy Creek, show copper-stained quartz. A few that were observed west and north of the intrusive mass showed quartz only. Although they are of unusual interest for their mineralogy, the veins are probably not rich enough in materials of economic value to be worked under present conditions. INDEX Page Alley, E. N .r development b y ........................... I8 Amphiboles, fibrous, occurrence and utili zation of............................................... 24-27 Asbestos, amphibole, occurrence and utili zation of............................................... 24-27 Black sand, composition of............................... 14-15 occurrence of, in Washington........................ 11-13 in Oregon and C aliforn ia................... 13 Calkins, F. C., quoted.............................. 19 Collier, A. J., quotod............................................ 11 Cypress Island, Wash., platinum on............... 9-10 D ana, J. D ., quoted.............................................. 22 Feldspar, occurrence of, in the Rainy Creok district, M ont.................................. 27 Gold, early production of, on Ocean Beach, Wash......... ........................................ 1,3 Hornor, R. R , quoted......................................... 13 Hunt, W, F .f analysis by.................................... 28 Kamiah, Idaho, asbestos produced at........... 25,26 Kootenai River, M ont., section on................... 19 Lewis River, South Fork of, geography and geology of basin of...................... 7-8 mining on......................................................... 6-7 occurrence of platinum and gold on.......... 8-9 Page Metamorphism, hydrothermal, effocts of, in the Rainy Creok district, M ont.. 22 Ocean Beach, Wash., mining on.................... 3-4 occurrence of platinum and gold on........ 4-6 Olympic Peninsula, Wash., goography and geology o f . . ...................................... Platinum, earlier production of, on Ocean Beach, Wash.................................... 1-3 occurrence of, in W ashington.................... 1-11 Pyroxenite, nature and occurrence of, In the Rainy Creek district, M on t.........26-21 Rainy Creek district, M ont., geologic map of. 18 Igneous rocks of--................................ 20-22 location of........................................................... 18-19 mineral deposits in ..................................... 22-28 stratified rocks of.......................... 10 Stoiger, George, analysis b y ................................ 21 Sterrett, D . B., quoted........................................ 23 Syenite, nature and occurrence of, In the Rainy Creek district, M ont........ 21-22 Thomas, B. M ., acknowledgment to.............. 18 Vermiculite, nature QDd occurrence of, in tho Rainy Creek district, M ont. 22,23-24 occurrence of, in Colorado and North Carolina.......................................... 23 Vermiculite & Asbestos Co., operations of. 23-24,25 Zonolite Co., operations o f ........... . 18,23 29 Barry Castleman's ORTON file CD-ROM Document #O R T ^ w/c = with cover memo DATE 0 if undated Type of Document article fro m __ medical journal __newspaper trade publication __advertisement __ article a/ published report from conference published abstract from conference unpublished internal report unpublished presentation meeting __agenda _ minutes __ report letter memo - governm ent report inspection standard industry warning information book excerpt legal deposition o f ________________________ other PROCEEDINGS OF A H O h io S a fety C o n g re ss Held Under the Auspices of TH E IND U STRIA L COMMISSION OF OHIO and direct management of THE DIVISION OF SAFETY AND HYGIENE Published under the authority of The Industrial Commission of Ohio Neil House I Columbus, Ohio % A PR IL 16-17-18, 1946 HONORARY VICE PRESIDENTS J. C- Ai'ffctmnger, Vice-President, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., Youngstown, Ohio. Dr. F. G. Barr, Vice-President, N ational Cash R o s ie r Co., Dayton. Ohio. H. C. Blackwell, Union Gas & Electric Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. H, P. Blake, Secretary, Hercules Mutor Corp., Canton, Ohio. Powell Croa'.ey, Jr., President, Croriey Corporation, Cincinnati, Ohio. H arry DeBruin, Vice-President, Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., Columbus. Ohio. R. G. Deming, President, The Demin Company Salem, Ohio. Otto Donnell, President, Ohio Oil Company, Findlay, Ohio. Thos. J, Duffy, Former Chairman, Industrial Commission of Ohio. Randolph Eide, President, The Ohio Cell Telephone Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Joseph Fiehter, M ailer, Ohio S'.ate Grange, Columbus, Ohio. W. P. Fisher, President, end General Manager* Anther Hocking Glass Corp., Lancaster, Ohio. P erry T. Ford, Director of Highways, State of Ohio, Columbus. Ohin. John Galvin, President, Ohio Steel Foundry' Company, Lima, Ohio. Dr. O. P. Celcr, Director of Employee Relations, Cincinnati Milling Machine Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. E. E . Grant, President, Crystal Tissue Co., Middletown, Ohio. E v erett S. Greer, Superintendent, P lant No. 2, Hazel-Atlas Glass Co., Zanes ville, Ohio. E. E . Grover, President, Columbus Safety Council, Columbus, Ohio. Phil Hannah, Secretary-Treasurer and Legislative Agent, Ohio Federation of Labor, Columbus, Ohio. Charles R. Hook, President, The American Rolling Mill Co.f Middletown, Ohio. F ra n k H. Irelan, General Manager. Delco Products, Dayton, Ohio. Charles L. Keller, Vice-President, The Gardncr-Richardson Co.r Lockland, Ohio. H. N, Lnpe Sr., Chairman, Board of Directors, Julian & Kokcnge Co., Columbus, Ohio. M urray Lincoln, Executive Secretary, Ohio Farm Bureau, Columbus, Ohio. Ben W. jMqit. President and General Manager, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co., Columbus, Ohio. Don K. Martin, Secretary, Ohio M anufacturers Association, Columbus, Ohio. J. H a rry Moore, Director, D epartm ent of industrial Relations, State of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio. H. E. Nold, The Ohio Ceramic Industries Association, The Ohio State Uni- vereity, Columbus, Ohio. W. W. Ohlcmacher, President, Sandusky Safety Council, Sandusky, Ohio. Grove Patterson, President, Toledo Blade, Toledo, Ohio. P eter E. Rentschler, President, Hamilton Foundry & Machine Co., Hamilton, Ohio. A. J . Rufflni, Vice-President, Powhatan Mining Co., Cleveland, Ohio. L. J. Schutte, Springfield Safety Council, Springfield, Ohio. Judge Lee K. Skeel, President, Cleveland Safety Council, Cleveland, Ohio. C. C. Slusaer, Vice-President, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. C arl L. Smith, Seeretary-Treasurer, Ohio State Safety Council, Cleveland, Ohio. George W. Smith, Jr., Vice-President, White Motor Co., Cleveland. Ohio. E . M, Tharp, Vice-President and General Manager, Ohio Fuel Gas Co., Colum bus, Ohio, H. A. Timken, Jr., Vice-President, Timken Roller Rearing Go, Canton, Ohit#. C. E. Torrey, Director, Ohio Power Company, Canton, Ohio. J. A , Voss, Vice-President in Charge of Personnel, Republic Steel Corp., Cleve land, Ohio. E rnest Williams, Safety Director, Kail and River Coal Co.. Bellairc, Ohio. 4 COMMITTEES Arrangements Chairman: H arry L. Sain, Superintendent, Division of Safety anil Hygiene, Industrial Commission of Ohio, Columbus. Campbell Alien, American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Ohio. O. E. Anderson, Ohio Dairy Products Association, 5 I^nst Long St., Columbus, Ohio. John Askam, The Ohio Oil Company, Findlay, Ohio, E rnest Augustus, Safety Director, The >fead Corporation, Chillicothe, Ohio. Dr. 1*\ G. B arr, Vice-President, National Cash Register Co., Dayton, Ohio. H arry Bamnaker, Maccmber Vocational High School, Toledo. Ohio. Claude Dawtlen, Underwriters La bora tones, 252S Market Street, Youngstown, Ohio H arry G. Beale, Glendale Sleek Farms. XL A. Bcrkoy, Mansfield Tiro and Rubber Co., Mansfield, Ohio. Paul Black, Safety Director, Westingjimise Electric Corn., Limn, Ohio. H. C. Blackwell, Union Gas & Electric Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Chas. S. Bowden, General Safely Inspector, Ohio Public Service Co., E lyria, Ohio. John Brcidenbach, Second Vice-Pi evident, Ohio State Federation uf Labor, 2U2 South Ludlow Su, Dayton, Ohio. Robert J. Brown, American Education Press, Coiumbua, Ohio. William Brown, Safety Director, Libbey-Qwem-Ford Glass Co., Toledo, Ohio. Gordon J. Buchanan, Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Go., Cincinnati, Ohio. William G. Burkhardt, Vice-President, B urkhardt Brewing Co., Slfi G rant St., Akron, Ohio. Claude L. Clark, Executive Secretary, Ohio Sand & Gravel Assn., 403 Majestic Bldg., Columbus, Ohio. Alien Cleaver, Newark Stove Co., Foundry Division, Newark, Ohio. Joseph F. Collins, Supervisor of Safety, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., Youngs town, Ohio. Harold R. Cross, Secretary, Chamber of Commerce, Barberton, Ohio. O, R. Cornelius, Southwestern Portland Cement Co., Osborn, Ohio. H arry W. Dailey, Safety Director, Wesirnghouse Electric Corp., Mansfield, Ohio. Robert 0. Dale, Secretary-Treasurer, Ohio State Building & Construction Trade Council, Columbus, Ohio. Leslie L. Diehl, Dayton Safety Council, Biltmore Hotel, Dayton, Ohio. G. A, Doellnr, Dayton Power & Light Co., Dayton, Ohio. F rank Elias, The Barnes M anufacturing Co., Mansfield, Ohio. E . A. Ellis, Director of Welfare, Wheeling Steel Corp., Wheeling, W. Va. H . S. Ernast, Executive Secretary, Chamber of Commerce, Columbus. Ohio. R. H. Ferguaon Manager of Safety, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. Joseph W. Fichter, Master, Ohio State Grange, Columbus, Ohio. D. K. Finley, Secretary, Columbia Safety Council, 30 PI Broad St., Columbus, Ohio. Raymond O. Fludder, Supervisor of Industrial Arts, Board of Education, Hamilton, Ohio. W. T. Foultz, DuPont-GrasHclli Chemical Co., Cleveland, Ohio. F. V/. Freckar, Ohio Power Co,* Canton, Ohio. Ralph Gorsuch, Superintendent, Hazel-Atlas Glass 0o.t No. 1, Zanesville, Ohio. James Gourlcy, Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton, Ohio. Everett Greer, Superintendent, Hazel-Atlas Glass Co., No. 2, Zanesville, Ohio. E . E. Grover, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co., Columbus, Ohio. F . W. Gunther, Rcfcinsor. Clay Products Co., Dover, Ohio. William Gutwein, The McCall Corp., Dayton, Ohio. Charles 0. Guy, Secretary, Limn Association of Commerce, Lima, Ohio. E arl F, Hamilton, Central Ohio Light &. Power Co., Findlay, Ohio. G Phil Hannah, Secretary-Treasurer and Legislative Agent, Ohio State Federa tion of Labor, 120 Atlas Bldg., Columbus, Ohio. H arry Heekathamc, Vice-President aac General Manager, Youngstown Press Steel Corp., W arien, Ohio, 1!. L. llershey, E a st Ohio Gas Company, Cleveland, Ohio. George F, Hodgson, Republic Rubber Company, Youngstown, Ohio. John H. Horstman, Vice-President. Reborns Myers, Springfield. Ohio. Marion H urr, General Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Joseph A. Ignat, U. S. Automobile Corp., Amherst, Ohio. Frank H. Irelan. General Manager, Deleo Products Corp., Dayton. Ohio. Guy W. Jacobs. Secretary. OMo Assn, of !ce Industries, SteubenviHe, Ohio. John W. Jockel, Ohio Conference of B. M. P. I. V., 14616 Sava nan Avenue, E ast Liverpool. Cleveland, Ohio. R. C. Jcnes, Jeffrey M anufacturing Co., 4th S t at 1st Ave., Columbus, Ohio. James Kcllev, Sftndusky Safety Council. Riper Hotel, Sandusky, Ohio. Victor L. Keys. Executive Secretary. Ohio State Assn, of Dyers Cleaners, 30 F ast Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio. John R. Krumple, Spccio! Representative, United Rubber Workers of America, United Rubber Workers Bldg., High at. Mill St., Akron, Ohio. [ J. T. Kidney, Manager, Employees Service Division, Goodyear Tire &. Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. U, H. Krona, Safety Director, Cincinnati Gae & Electric Co.f Cincinnati, Ohio. Clifford Laver., Cincinnati Hocking Corporation, I^ancaMor, Ohio. Omcr S. Legg, Federal Printing Co., Columbus. Ohio. A. L. Leonard. Manager, Columbus Packing Co.. 1081 S. High St., Columbus. Ohio. C. I* Lockhart, Shell Oil Co., Cleveland, Ohio. I. A. Ludwig, Vice-President, Ohio Fuel Gas Co., 231 Huron St., Toledo, Ohio. B urt McAllister, Safety Director. Central Sand Silica Co., Zanesville, Ohio. James G. McAuley, Diamond Alkali Company. Painesvillc, Ohic. II. H. McCorklc, Safety Supervisor, Republic Steel Corp,, Warren, Ohio. Paul AfcNish, Past Master, Ohio State Grange, Chardon. Ohio. K. E. McPherson, Superir.tendent, Heath Refining Co., Newark, Ohio. Don K. Martin, Secretary, Ohio Manufacturers Aflan.. 79 E. State St.f Colum bus, Ohio. H arry S. Mealey. Safety Director. Ohio Steel Foundry, Lima, Ohio. Ray S. Metzger, Director of Claims and Safety. Toledo Edison Co., Toledo, Ohio. Urban L. Mahler, Personnel Director, Aero Products Div., General Motors Corp., Vandalia, Ohio. W alter II. Moler, M orris Belmont Dairy, Dayton, Ohio. Ralph Z. Moore, Personnel Director, Apex Electric Co.. Cleveland, Ohiu. Captain H, Mowcry, Secretary, Ohio Hotels. Assn., 611 Bcgg Bldg., Columbus. Ohio. 11. E. NnM. Ohio Ceramics Industrie* Assn., Lord Hall, The Ohio State Univ., i Columbus, Ohio. flunlV W. Nutt, Safety Equipment Service Co., 223 Rose Kklg,t Cleveland, Ohio. Frank O'Malley, Personnel Director, Ferro Machine & Foundry Co., Cleveland, Ohio. A. H. Oglesby, GardnerRichardson Cn,, Middletown, Ohio. W. W. Ohlembachcr, Personnel Manage^*, The American Crayon Co., Sandusky, Ohio. John Owens, President, District No. 6, United Mine Workers of America, 85 E ast Gay Street, Columbus, Ohio. Grove Patterson, President, Toledo Blade, Toledo, Ohio. Howard B. Poaree, Warren Roofing & Insulating Co., Cleveland. Ohio, J. L. Plmris, Owens-Illinois Glass Co., Columbus, Ohio. A. H. Polk, Superintendent, Cincinnati and Lake E ric Transportation Co., Dayton, Ohio. H. L. Pollock, Personnel Manager, Ohio Brass Co., Mansfield, Ohio. Hurry Pontious, Safety Director, Ohio Farm Bureau, 246 N, High St., Columbus, Ohio. H. J. Post* National Association of Foremen. 11 W. Monument Bldg., Dayton Ohio. Joseph 5. Price, The McCall Corporation, Day tern. Ohio, 7 Thomas J. Price, United Mine Worker* ef A m e ric a , Columbus, Ohio. ,, II. G. ilainaowr, Director of Agriculture Extension, Ohio State University, Columbus. Ohio. u. W. Read, Ohio Belt Telephone Co., Coi ambus, Ohio. Harry RehraHMicr, Wheeling Steel Corp., Wheelng, W. Va, H. W. Reed, Safety Director. American Welding A Manufacturing Co.r Warren. Ohio, L. K. Rein-wald, Safety Director, Crowell-Collier Publishing Co., Springfield, Ohio. Peter E. RenUchJer, President, The Hamilton Foundry' & Machine Co., JHamil* tan, Ohio. K. N. Rider. Automatic Sprinkler Coiporalinn of America, Youngstown. Ohio. Perry Ritchie, Cooperative High School, Dayton, Ohiu. J. R. RowiiLrte, Ohio Inspection Bureau, Colunilma, Ohio. W. h . Schneider, Safety Engineer, B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio. Dorothie E. Schlect, Ohio Tool Co,f Cloveiand, Ohio. L. J. Schutte, Superintendent of Industrial Relations, National Supply Co., Springfield, Ohio. H. J. Schulz, Timms Spring Co.. Elyria, Ohio. It. H. Seiple, Secretary, Trumbull County Manufacturers Asnn., 407 Second National Bldg,, W arren, Ohio. Dr. M. M. Shnfer, Medical and Safety Director, Frigidaire Division, General Motors Corp.. Dayton, Ohio. E. M. Simpson. Chief, Division of Workshops & Factories, Department of Industrial Relations, State Office Bldg., Columbia*, Ohio. J. L. Sivard, Safety Director, Wheeling Steel Corp. Steubenville, Ohio. E. N. Sloan, Secretary-Treasurer, Grcenlawn Cemetery Aa(m,, J000 Green - lawn Ave., Columbus, Ohio. Edwin S. Smith, Manager, Hamilton Safety Council, Hamilton, Ohio. Howard Smith, Diamond Milk Products Co., Columbus, Ohio. Russell D. Squibb, Y. & 0. Coal Co., Martins Ferry, Ohio. Joseph R. Strobe!, Director of Vocational Education, State Department of Ecucaliont G08 Stale Office Bleg., Columbus, Ohio. Phyllis M. Swisher, Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Fred C. Tarbox, Vice-president, CL C. C. Highways, Inc, Cleveland, Ohio. Vaughn N. Thorne, Executive Secretary. Ohio Coal Conference. VI N\ Third S t, Columbus, Ohio. S. J. T ranter, Sorg Paper Co.. Middletown, Ohio. Jloid Vance, Secretary, Ohio Printers Federation. 30 E. Broad St., Columbus, Ohio. Thomas E. Waller, Sec ret ry and Busin ess Ucpresen la live, Carpenters* Lo cal Union No. 2110, Columbus, Ohio. Robert A. Warfel, Ohio Petroleum Assn.. 50 Weal Broad Si., Columbus, Ohio. T. H. Walk inn, General Agcr.t, Railway Kxpixvw Agency, Columbus, Ohio. A, 11. Waugh, Otin Works, Jones & T-aughlrn Steel (!or|i.t Cleveland. Ohm. J. 11 Westbrook, Shawnee Pottery Co., Zanesville, Ohio* Chester W herry, Hoys Trade School, Columbus, Ohio, J, E. Williams, Rail and River Coal Co., Beta ire, Ohio, Robert R. Williams, Executive Secretary, Ohio S tate Restaurant Assn., J 118 Heggs Bldg., Columbus, Ohio. C. H. Workman, Phnris Tire A Rubber Co.. Newark, Ohio Paul Ziegler, The H. 1\ Dcuschcr Co,. Hamilton, Ohio. Joseph Zuckor, Cleveland Plain Dealer, Cleveland. Ohio. Program Chairman: Carl L. Smith, Managing Director, Cleveland Safety Council. Exhibit Chairman: Buell W. Nutt, President, Safety Equipment Service Company, Cleveland, Ohio. I I ' I Entertainment Leslie L. Diehl, Secretary, Dayton Safety Council, Dayton Chamber nf Com merce, Dayton, Ohio. Publicity Chairman; H arry M. Paul, Supervisor of Printing and Publications, Division of Safety and Hygiene, Industrial Commission of Ohio. Reception Chairman: James II. Flukcr, A ssistant Superintendent, Division of Safety and Hygiene, Industrial Commission of Ohio. Registration Chairman: C. C. Bcasor, Statistician, Division of Safety and Hygiene, In dustrial Commission of Ohio. BUREAU OF INFORMATION ON SAFETY, COMPENSATION AND CLAIMS SAFETY Chairman--H. P. Hcync, Safety Advisor. S taff of the Division of Safety and Hygiene of the Industrial Commission of Ohio: Thomas E. Ashton........................................................................ ....Safety Advisor Charles G. Barth..................... - ....................... ....................... - ........Safety Advisor Arnold B ill.... ....................................... ................................. Safety Representative W. Thornton Bcgert....................................... ....... ..............................Safety Advisor George H, Calhoun........ . ... ........................................... Safety Representative David Fox .......................................... ....................................................Safety Advisor Bliss F ram e..........-............... ............................... ............. Safety Representative Thomas E. Gettings.--..................................................................... ...Safety Advisor Ii. T. Godfrey....................................................... ................. Safety Representative Foss H, G ragg....................................................................................Safety Advisor Don H anna .................................................................. ............... ........ Safety Advisor H. P, Heyno......... .......................................................................... ...... Safety Advisor H erbert F. HilU-brandt.................................... .................... Special Representative \V:n. D. Holt.............--......... ........... ....................................... ........... Safely Advisor Robert W. K irkland....... ......................... .......... ....... ............. ..........Safety Advisor F rank W. Kletfc........ ......... ....................................... ...................Safety Advisor Adam H. Lints......................................................................................................SafetyAdvis Bruce F. McGinnis................................................................. ............. Safety Advisor Vernon R. McQuilkin.......... ...... ........................................... ............. Safety Adviaor Clare/]co G. M artz..................... ......................................... Safety Representative Win. M. Morrow....... ................................ ............................................. Safety Adviwir Paul R. Norman.......... ............................................................. .............Safety Advisor Dr. \V. E. ObetZ....................... ............................................... ..........Mcdicul Advisor Wilber E. P errine........................ Safety Advisor Jam P. Scanlon....................... ........................ ................................... Safety Advisor Robt. K. Schwarzcr........... ................................................... Safety Representative Sidney Smith....................... -- ...... .......................... ................ .... Safety Advisor Alfred U. Taubman............................-- .......................... ..... Safety Representative Richard T. Spencer............. ........................................ ............... .........Safety Advisor W ilbur E. Stuckey....... ............................... ................. _....... .... ......... Safety Advisor F red K. Watson............ .......................- .............................. Safety Representative Howard R. Waugh.......... .....................................................................Safety Advisor Amos R. Whipps................... .................................................. Safety Representative COMPENSATION Geo. H. Thompson. Supervisor of Information, Industrial Commission of Ohio. LIST OF EXHIBITORS Deshler-WalHck Booth No. 14-15 Acme Safety Products Co., Akron, Ohio. 23 American Abrasive Metals Co., Irvington, New Jovecy. 22 t-? 10 19 13 30 IS 16-17 12 29 American Mat Corp., Toledo, Ohio. E. 1). Bullard Co., Chicago, Illinois. The Jlilley Mfg. Co,, Cleveland, Ohio. The C. P. Polge Co., W estpoit. Conn. Hy-Test Division, International Shoe Co., St. ImjuiSj Missouri. Industrial Safety Educational Service, Chicago. Illinois. Junldn Safety Appliance Co., Inc.t Louisville, Kentucky Kimball Safety Products Co.. Cl<vei&nd, Ohio Lightfoot Schultz Co., Xew York. N. \ \ The Limisey Sanitation Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 20-21 Lusc Display Co., Akron, Ohio. 24 M artindale Electric Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 11 Medical Supply Co., Chicago, Illinois. 33 Mel flex Products Co., Akron, Ohio. 9 G. H. Packwood Mfg. Co., St, Louis, Mo. 25 Portable Products Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. 2 The Positive Safety Mig. Co.f Cleveland, Ohio. 8 A, Schrader's Son Division, Scovill Manufacturing Co. Inc., Brooklyn, N. Y. 6 Scott Aviation Corp., Lancaster, N. Y. I Saiway Steel Scaffold, Inc., Detroit, Mich. 7 The Stepan Chemical Co,, Chicago, Illinois. 3 The Surly Mfg. Co., Chicago, Illinois. 31 The V?ilk ins Co., Cortland, New York. 2fi The Geo. L. Williams Go., Cleveland, Ohio. Booth No. Neil Ilouse 27-28 39-40 56 47-48 76 75 69 69 32-33 20-21 38 4fM4 2D 49-60 35 -?,&-37 45-46 f>8 53-54 57-58 31 73-74 26-26 55 30 34 24 22-23 60-61 Am er iean-La F ran ce-Faam ite Corporation, Chicago, Illinois. American Optical Co., Southbxidge, Mass. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, New York. Columbus Giove Mfg. Co.t Columbus, Ohio, R. C. Cook Co., Lorain, Ohio. Flohr Manufacturing Co., Buffalo, New York. The F yr-Fyter Co., Dayton, Ohio. Gro-Cord Rubber Co., Lima, Ohio. Hclmerichs Supply Co.t Cleveland, Ohio. Industrial Commission of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio. Iron Age Division, H. Childs & Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. W alter G. Leggi; Go., Inc., New York, Now York. Lehigh Safety Shoo Cn.; lue., Allentown, Pennsylvania. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.; New York, New York. Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The M. F. Murdock Co., Akron, Ohio. Oil-Dri Corp, of America, Chicago. Illinois. The Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc., Chicago, Illinois. Safety Clothing & Equipment Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Safely Engineering Magazine, New York, New York. Safety F irst Supply Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Standard Safety Equipment Co., Cleveland, Ohio. The Steel Scaffolding Co.r Inc., Brooklyn, New York Sugar Beet Products Co., Saginaw, Michigan. Thom McAn Safety Shoo Division, New York, New York. West Disinfecting Co., Cleveland. Ohio. Williams & Company, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Wilson Products, Inc., Reading, Pennsylvania. 9 INDEX TO SPEAKERS -- (Continued) lion. James A. Ithode: Hurry I*. Snin. Page 84 . . . 446 . . . 194 36ti . . . 50a . . . 191 . .. I5f> .. 29 97 ...2 6 3 .. as Bernard K. Suvey........ . . Page fir, Dr. M. M. Shafer................ .......... 552 C apt J. J. Smldi................ .......... 537 Theodore F. Senich.. . . . . . Colyer Snyder.............. ... . . I76-568 H. 0. Sprink I t . . . .............. .......... 392 Milan Stocking................ ... . . . . . . 47 Geo, H Thompson.............. , .. 497 S. J. T rau ter........................ .............. Wm. G. W hyte.................... .......... 299 W. HuvnR Yoiurei*................ .......... 182 EX TO SESSIONS Pago Gravel .. 173 rid 183 38-291 .. 297 C onstrue LIrii .. 61 79-299 Vu nr. Sect ion............ . . . ........ 97 F irst Aid Demonstration.............. 47H Foundries ............................................. :MC General Session.. . . ................. 27-470 Industrial Arts and Vocational Adoration ....................................... 138 Page Industrial Commission Sect ion. . . Industrial and Commercial Motor Vehicle Operation............ . . . . . im Industrial Fire Prevention. ......... 530 Merchandising S afety........ .......... 514 M etals.......................... ......... . 218-358 Mining . . . , ,. 438 Newspapers and P rinters. . , ........ 2.ir, Occupational Disease H a z a rd s... 540 Paper and Paper P ro d u cts... 2(11-458 Petroleum .. ............................ 271 426 Psychology of Public S p eaking.. . 182 Public U tilitie s............................... 682 Supervision Safety Improvement 557 12 Official Program TUESDAY MORNING. APRIL 16 EIGHT A. M. All Session Will Convtne ou Kantern Standard Time RcgiKtmtion--Mezzanine Floor No C harge for ttugtHtrntiun GENERAL SESSION MNK-THIKTY A. M. Bail Ruom Chubrtuan--G. L. GoHinberry, Chairman, Industrial ComniBion nf Ohio. Song-- "America" Invocation: Rev. D- S. Mills, Pastor, Avondale United Brethren Church, Columbus. Dedication: Ilia Excellency Frank J. Lausche, Governor of Ohio. Song--" My Ohio" Welcome to City: Honorable James A. Rhode, Mayor of Columbus. Item ark: Harry h. Sain, Superintendent, Division of Safety uwl Hygiene. Solu-- l^eslie L. Diehl Group Singing--Led by Leslie L. Diehl Accompanist--Norman Jones inspirational Address: Thee. F. Sm ith. President, Oliver Iron and Steel Co., FittsburgrK Pa. TUESDAY AFTERNOON SECTION MEETINGS CERAMICS TWO i \ M. Room 260-- Neil House Cfiainnan--F. W. Gunther, Univei'sal Scwev Pipe Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Vir.c-Chain'Tnan--J. R. Westbrook, Shawnee Pottery, Zanesville, Ohio. 2:00 P. M.--Open i l l Re ma r k s by F. W. Gunthor, Chairman. 2:15 P. M.--"Methods uml Equipment for Dual Control" : Illustrated) H arr) 0. Danz, Manager Dust Control Division, American Blower Corporation Detroit, Michigan. 3:15 P, M.--"Personal Protective Equipment" : George Lascher, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh. Pensylvania. Mr Lascher will show the new respirator movie "The Air We Breathe".I I :*H) P. iW.---Discussion Period. 18 METALS SECTION Tuesday Afternoon Session, April 16, 1946 ThLa Kfijwloi: oi th e M atals S ectio n of the AU O hio S a fe ty Congress v u i ca ll* , Jr; at two o'clock by Mr. A. B. W augh, Otis Works. Jonon & Laushlln Bteel Corponuiu* OlcTCl&ud, Ohio. ChaSrmfm. Ch-almum W augh: 2 think th a t a. good many of you fellow* probably feel tfc m&l way 1 do about relu m in g tfcess an n u al nw eU cjs In Cclttm & ua. T h s re war* * ,*** bcr cf regional conference* iw;ei throughout t:ie wars vevy 3r*o. U* en jcy ! the ana in Cleveland vary m uch, but I have alw ays looked forward to coja^V down here usd te a c h in g Oid acquaintance* and (rompplng idisaa with people that p x m ast aver a ported of tim e, and f thin k th a t anyone who in attending fur the flsst tin; w ill find that It is a very enjoyable * 3 a!r and vrjr btbnfclnl., fcve alnoe our first speaker accepted this chore I have been w aiting expectantly t,, hear Utm talk. He certainly has a reputation, and (ho ilrht otto to express hla let on that subject was Marry Sain, and I thin k Harry ought to be o good Judge of k p j .npeAker. and 3 think th a t we really have a treat lu sto i* for us. Mr 21 J Greenly. who Is Mimofifr o i Personnel A iL a la lttra tlcc for the Jcnw & Laugh]! Steel Corporation a t P ittsburgh, fc*a d in e vaflum thSwg in his Ufa. He sort c analysed them In th is way for me. Ho aid he ha proceeded oh r tradesman, a nji> chanic, feramaxi. vjpttrtntendent and educator. He also guv me a rather n ice outline oi haw to Introduce hts subject, but 1 u n liftle b it afraid I will g u m It up. U Is sw ell idea. 1 will read th e cu t Una to get k id* oi w hat h* hni lu m ind. I w ish he would m ake his own Introduction, in fact. No. 1 p a in t 1. why this jmu tlculftf su b jec t that he lu disc ow in g? He will probably cover th a t pretty thorou*tlj The aecond one u why do we have such a particular ;&lfc before this auaiccss? SI. will probably tell you that, too. Three, why Js H particularly p ertin en t nt this particular lim e? T h e subject that he la d ealin g w ith 1* p ertin en t at any tim e and probably Juafc as m uch no now tvt; and. fourth, 1b why did wo pick th is particular apeakrr to do Gift Job? Well, m X a i d btfore, be has got a reputation and he b etter live up tt* St. I thin k that at tint* stage 1 had b etter nak Mr Greculy to com e up and give us pratf o f th is reputation, and I rwiUy thin k he can da H. Mr. G reenly. THE RSPONSBILI'PY ITOH B A m v Mr, U. J. G r tsitlh Personnel itrlallcm s Dpartait n i, Janes & Laughlin Stcl Corpora Mon, PtUfihiirgh. Pernitylvanbi. Mr. Chairman and GcRtfcm**- y urn aom ew hat rem inded o f it sio ty th a t la tem iti laccai of IhJe preaentaiioa J rti^aij last evenlPE whr.A Frank K r l^ 'i (<ud r .aw t t*` We v.s t: .l lh a haaqy; th at wc* glvta la th is sttme room, uml i retail th* experience* I had w ith you a in years ago. mt which I ^*co th e n w iih P u m u e U niversity, and hav* loairi forward w ith oiitleipt'-lcm to a return 'ittgegtiaieut. As 2 was oteJting w ith friende o f m ine at the b anq uet Inai evening the story th* I reciilled won related by a friend of m in e In Chicago It wes a very bad n ig h t fend in hadn't any chance to go out. It waa snow ing He did oi. know w hat to do v ia hlm aclf. He h a d n 't a n yth in g In th e room to read, eo he rum m aged around in tt* dresser drawers and eventually rail Into a Gideon--nr.fe id you know? w hat a Gideon a, one of thane B Iblea, and bo opened up the fly leal and there someone In the hold had prepared for him and for others th a t wanted to eeek it o u t a particular groiy> of rcidlngK. T h ey had a t the top. " IX you ro lonely while you arc In C hicago and you h*v*g^ a n y th in g to do read 'Job from d K-1Z` 21H ` After you have flinalwd. If ycii uru *LlJi lomily re*id Mtauhew finm H to 22- W hsn you itiisto rending th o t, read further. Head St. I^aku fropn 21 lo 21*" There was * w hole lli uf t h e readings if anyone was lonely* Some wag had gone over the Hat and a: 3 m* b ottom of the Hat ha had w ritten : tt you read them ah and you are Mill lonely call 'AJyiiJe 6437.'" {Laughter, 1 6o. ns a result of It 1 am about ready to crUi M yrtle *437 because n rep u ta tio n H -imcihUiff th a t follow s you. good or bad. I suppose, b u t I ay. alter all, la accenting (fill ia- j^tioxi to apeak ok th e subject proposed, ic waa a challenge to me for sever: irnsona. one being th at w hen I addressed' you several years ago I confused you to m uch MS you 'ranted further d iscussion of the su b ject: tw o, th a t you wanted to And o u t . i knew a n y th in g elAe than what I had coveted In m y first discussion, or. tfiree. fn jlrawiL'g Uie aam ea cf possible speakers cuE of a h a t th e Chairman of the Program f l i t m ill-- had forgotten th at the ape*/.: fcaA add reased the group on a previous ivcsslito. Of counae. I hopo that none uf these .-casoivs prom pted my return engagem enc. Mr. Waugh In hi; letter of in vitation BUffS Led th o topic. "The RwponalbUlty for Safety.'* 2 d oub t if he could hnvc picked a more ch allen gin g subject. It is one with liiefc tU of us arc v ililly ctm ocm cd ft is not n ew subject: it will be of concern future yoftrn. C o n t inently. 1 would Jiko to open m y rcinarlta hi a m anner aarncwhnt omcrent--a t leaut dlflercnt for me. 1 am not an artist. I have no musical Aplitude. { have never been able personally to writ poetry. However, a poem which may not i* a work of art nor go ciowu in literary blatory a a masterpiece has atuek In m y ailuts iUc* I read St aevtral y**r* a^o. I would lik e, with your pennlisten;. to give you this lltlla b it or iiOMry ns my te*t: THE BSTTEffi WAV I tl rather see a *crmon than hear one any day. ] (l rather one hould walk w ith me than merely show th e way. The ey e's a bolter pupil and more w illing Hum tha cur;` V ite counsel ia con fu tin g b u t example s alw ays clear: Aiut the b est of all the preachfrs are the m en w ho live their creeds, for to see the good in action te w hat everybody needs I can soon team to do it if jou'U let me see it done, j car. watch your hand* in action, but your tongue too fftat may run: *rti t h e lectures you deliver m ay be very wise ood tru e but IM rather get m y le*on by observing w hnt you (to. And l m ay itttsuttderatahd you and the high advice you give. Hut thorn's no m UundersU im iing how you act and how you live** To rae the Idea expressed In th is verse is one th a t safety m en should carry w ith them whenever they go. I t is true today end will be true tomorrow. Too often we blind our- el`.ra to an autnE finding fact: T h at m ost progreaa is n o t based on a revolutionary Idea i*m is rather the ie-a p p l lent Ion of old principles to m eet new eltuoUima or circum stances. My concern w ith the eld of safely in th is post-w ar era. and the responsibility w** lu ie for It os safety m en, is not th a t the fundam entals upon which ail good safety U frunded will ix* shaken i.y lvcuIh which follow the war b u t rather that wa will depend or. the educational psefcatie* and hand book "jreiuSy tc w ear" jKOgrsmi ol lb s war period they seem ed lo work hi & `"boom period" in safety hlatoiy. A you og chop had b eta s^ n l into a moctinfr to lean m i t i y . Ha had beet* s lttin s in ihoae tneattngfl for two day a. and cu t of desperation be said to the Chairman "M t? I *sfc e spiftfitlonr' "Sure, you may a question." tf aftld, " I was sent here by niy m anager to find out w hat I can do to h old the min th a t we are now em ploying on their Jobs We are w illing to spend about 12,000 year In tra in in g m en for our p isn t, hut ft* fa st as we get them trained they* leave, tod I told m y m anagem ent they did not need a trained raiui; w hat they really needed * m n ether P ersonnel Kir.pl oymcrA m an because th ey war q uitting faster th an wc Wire hiring th e m ,1'* But o u t oi th a t whole m eetin g th is chap w ent hom e w ith o u t an answer lo t h i t very definite Question because the m eetin g was sailing package, keeping br!r faces in the m arket place rather th an looking for the an*we- to problem s ib a t ire so pauramouiU in tbia one m an's interest. We m u st n o t blin d oucsstvea to the n ecessity for reapphcatlon o f our old p rlo- ctjjlfts. 8<ty m uat becom e n. way of life and not m erely ft Berman. The flint re*p?n1bJUy o i asfcty. th o first foundation attmo upon which any u b ' pstgraro m u*t too built, i* th a t v e mUttb dwjionfiCtxtt? rather than bft ccnieni *L m ere ly tU )n ^ " Td rather one rbould walk trim me than merely show the way. ii eye a u bettor yupU niid m ore w illing th a n the tu." W hen we how a miua he* i do tfcn Jcb and tho Afety involved in hia Job, we m ust of n ecessity change cur it proacb to m eet the co n tin u in g changes in job requirem ents. We m ust of necansliy * t deecribe, re-nnalyia, end In no doing develop now and better m ethods; not only tour ] method of safety but better method oi doing the Job, In stitu tio n a lism Is a dbm which 1 have always tiled to avoid. Lot us be sure we are n o t netting Uic CAneer. We can only give a treatment. T he scholar develop a h ypothesis and having proved the veracity of his theory. [ co n ten t t o reiterate and restate ;t to hU pupils year after yea:. T he Industrial Jihi j man also develops a hypothesis, but be finds that the actual application, the chcrjt j circum stances of the Indue trial vorid q u ir e re ex a m in a tio n o* tfco tlm ellces * ] bis Ihoory. We can never afford to Institutional!;! in du strial safety. We can or'' " afford lo close ou: eye# so tits in cessan t chacfi* of Smluatry nod our rcapor.albCKr t l XtiTnluh sa fety based on tried ad p ixncn teclm iqute, tout cottM aatly adapted to 10* j tho nil nation of the day. May J ask you w hat Is your safety alpRsa In your plant? W bat are tho p$*:r- you arc p u ttin g up in th a t particular plant? Are they sailing the story you wort fjet over or art) they Just easier to buy th a n they are to th in k through the aiory k aro tryin g to get told? j Our second rmponalblllty or fou n d ation stono la ta avoid program s of safety mm;* \ for She flake of aafety. Kvcry supervisor in choice of a safety pro grain, very forum: \ of m en for on Industrial ago rnubt rem em ber th a t hi rw ponalblllty la one of Kivu* Mny 1 any to you very frankly th a t I am Hopeful th a t wo get a philosophy urn: where we are w itling to give tb s forem an back his Job. Ws have placed so many peeix- ists In th e p lan t today w ho ore taking a*-`x7 bit by bit the foreman** Job th a t ] uvisl it is tim e t o turn It back to hhu and wo will recognise th a t we. ax apeclallsU o orJy servan ts u t th* foreman w ho is the Una prod notion m an w ltM n your own Irtfusu? If we are to m aintain our principles of letting the m en bog It done, we murt <* tartly nfm lnd oisraclvca th a t ea/cty ls a function of Sine supervifiioa, Tha icruai: or. the job. n e t the director of safety, m ust be tlie teacher an d tha safety diraci* The flklJJed workm an who La used bjs a safety inspector m u st n o t be replaced by a ler. hook 3i related Inform ation. T he n i e t y program of the fu tu re. If it la to succeed or. be baaed o c then two fou n d ation sion ea; First, th a t the program be ndapted (u ft Approach Lo current requirem ents; and second, that Uin program does n o t involve aafcij for the flake of flafety, b u t instead la directed towards th e fu lfillm e n t o f the respotu toiiity of th e lino aupervlsor and the key Cfircrntor W ithout a firm toeltel In thee* t*r concepts, the suieLy of tho fu tu re will not p r o e m s In th e cam e proportion as It hs* t previous years, Tha third ronponslhlilty for the fu tu re car. bant bo expressed by the simple *a; "p lan n in g." We m ust realize th a t Industrial cafety 1 riding a wave created by tc t natu ral circum stances. We m u n o t allow the surge of dem and for our servlcei i: sw eep cur feet from tha ootid rock w hich eventually m u st su pp ort th s future of oc. j affert. In order to bulwark ourselves far th e vlclvUud<M of th e fu tu re, we mutt pu*. now a b lueprin t for m eeting the iK-ed* c f th e future, We w ill n o t find it neewsin to ccPanic . crystal ball nor is there any um olvablo m ystery surrounding ths lain: problem s whirls will face us w ith in the n ex t 1w years. TCo repn xty an m aintain Us positiot; In the Industry of ldm crrow by prodw it : a t tbo overage KWCpUble rate Tl)e p ciib lon o f m y own com pany In t h e etesl liulu*^ can bn m a in ta in ed only by tho d evelopm en t of m axim um p roduction per unit, m : prodtirtlon records arc madd n o t only by th e b uilt-in cap acity of th e equipment fcy also by th e b u llt-tn abilities of th e m^n w ho operate this eq u ip m en t. Our afely Crnm tom orrow im ial be ba m any-alded as th production organization Including nupn vision prod uction workers, m ain ten an ce mon, snd stair spoclallats. P roduction today is b u ilt Into our equipm ent. It Is com parable w ith in tha InduiUi Wages have hen atabllshed b y governnient. Price* have been eatublliihfid by gortiti m ent. W hat la loft but better aupervlaion to get o u t m ore p rod uction over the unv u n 'v . w'all your nariU'.'dar o<|iimnmu find your man power, nnd your m an power ]i Uw only program you bave left upon which you can m eet th at com petition. Ws m u st Improve aafety m cilsoas co n sta n tly to m eet th Increavcd kill requlir' tnenta of tcchtioioRScai fidvancom ent. Tli* pnxt in *afcty hua b een a aerie of chic; i F v> butler safety concepts. Today u Jones i* L augfciln Steel Corporation v e aro mHpOng to tet tha safety ch allen ge on filt fronts. Today *re are laying foundations U>i ihe future. *Wc are p lanning today I0r the requirem ents oi tocaon o^. The com plications of modern Industrial supervision require a. planned, organised' {ipronch to the problem oi keeping supervision atoreeat w ith the rapid change in th e ir JrapomilMIitlca. We have eetabKahed com prehensive supervisory aafoty program Mch provides a m cana of con veying pertinent in form ation from top mannRPincnt to *11 members 6f the supervisory group. It nlo serve* a a channel through which opinion *r.< U B i^ tlo n s flow from the supervisory group to top m anagem ent It stim ulate deeper thou ght and m ore careful an aiyiia of the supervisor's responsibility of u f e t y to su employees him self and to tha ort'anlxatlon w ith which he works. As safety men. we m ust never gather the com forting robes of *elNsatl*f action ib o u l ta nor ba cantos.: to hear tha echo of our awn footstep s ringing hollowly .n our *>htesM olflcea built from the m aterial ut post experiences, to high ih *i they he com f :*ir:era whtai protect ub from the vicissitude af & ch an ging werjd Wa jsw ?, ratJw-\ pun: our feet ffrjnly on the bread highway to th e futura, certain of tha fu n d tm ritto is upon which vr have baj-cd our plans and m eeting th e cv&Uege of change gladly V r a t iie m it we recogni our chance to grow personally and to serve successfully. 3 w ould like to talk m ore del)Italy about how we are growing u Individuals freaute the growth of each one of u s la dependent u p on how the safety movem ent and the indue trial relations m ovem ent w ill grow, and w ith your permlvaton I should lik e io ask you a fw concepts regarding our own growth In th is m ovem ent. The responsibility for safety la further intensified when we exam ine our pomorvil prowUi. W hoa we th in k of pe mortal growth. I* ta m y belief that you can be taugh t mi recognise it but 1 doubt w hether you cu be ta u g h t growth. However, leader in pedagogical th ou gh t tall m th a t recognition or the problem la tha m oet im portant step ta th* acquisition or knowledge 2 would like to discuss with you th e n some forme o recognition so !t applies to the rcaponalbliitles for safety, w ith Ui* hope that they will make your personal growth a reality because you recognize It In others. Let mo .ggest a few of th ese for your study because. It seem s to m e, it tie epoclOcally into she subject, "Tha ResponslhlTity for Safety. Growth is revealed when an Individual learns to submerge his own ptr&onaittj and dt*lr& in tha corporal objectives; when he learns that the clarinet player 1a not judged Itt tfiMMs Qi hi* w lo pirfarroftncMi but rather, by the m anner in which the ion of bia inem m ieT it aid 1n creating the harm ony of the orchestral body Many o f you are w ondering how tills can be done -without loss 1 your own Initiate*, er how you can g a ls your person! objectives w hen you stifle your own initiative ami think constantly of the value of your snorts w the group endeavor. I t l* u o l dlfTlculi ana yet m any m en find in th is one problem the reason for their lock of ftceompiUhjnmt. i t la overcome w hen th e Individual reallfvca th a t ha will be measured in term of whftt he produces instead o f in terms or how w ell ho can sell hlmtttH to h!i* Ikahr. roweb la revealed w hen an individual develop* a passion for accuracy. This pawdou 111 ba m a n ifest a various form s: In a m eticu lou s ness of thou gh t, of speech. of analysis, of dress. and of action. How can w develop th is trail? The cayae and i-tfc-t Ait ane ami the same Accuracy develops an appreciation fqr accuracy. Mellcu hi unm an errelopa accuracy of action. Growth is revealed w hen you develop a sense of belonging. Do you belong to yaur outfit? Too m any IndividuaU lack iwallEatlon of tbo im portance of com m unity of effort 7 many individuals feel th a t the com pany for w hich th ey work la merely a m echanism rtiblishtd t o provide th e w herew ithal for lh daily su stenan ce. I as to you--tf you cannot And in your com pany con d ition s which m ake i t possible for you to participate *n the com pany'* a ctiv ities and objective as a Junior partner, turn In your reslgnat or. imS look for an op portu nity el*owhere--but only dn tht* after you have determined vhettcr th is separation from thoso w ith whom you work 1 c o l due to your personal altitude. Growth is revealed w hen you ran reach farther th a n you can grasp. Im portant, yea 11 that statem en t la n o t true, w het ! a heaven for? Ore of the moat aerloua pitfall" confronting every Individual It luck of vision and. aare than that, a lack of deatre to reason beyond his present power to acquire. M jny people restrict ih elr th in k in g to the narrow confine of th eir allotted duty. Others dreem ci the future and fall to direct their effort toward ounce* In th e preocni. This, im ieh ii certain--more in dividu als will fled sucesa* if th ey give atten tio n to dvrtop1og the 22*2 m a n u a l sk ills req u ired ta du th e ir p r e s e n t job aitd tear t th in k in ta rm s at he u* Jab anil sifters m ay he Improved. Here te lespontibHiLy vtc have for safety. There la one technique, li you w ould call it th at, w hich will h elp you to era* j this m p e o t, and th a t la th e habit o f ask in g tti q uestion "Why?** How m nny o f you hone exam ined yotu* iornu to And out how m any useful you aro n ow gottIng? M anagem ent Bays, "I gutifiti we w ill have to th in k about a stanf ord force, Wo havo too m any on th o payroll," \Yo /should exam ine those that at, put In d u rin g th e war and (throw o u t those th a t arc not needed. Why should the h bo don thta way? Why ahmild tho present form be used? Why should this report u ccctin u ed ? Why is this process u d In tco lfln f the product? Why do we ited _ uit to naaurae th e proper rr-iitlouehtp with ur aumctaUH? A little word* ye. one TRiiJch make-S- possible success and accompU*hm#fti whan we th in k of th rpj3. fclUtr we h*Y4 for safety. G row th is revealed & m an le im s th a t It is iro?c Im portant to train . understudy th a n It is to educate h im self. S sm c m en h a w attem pted to maintcus Tj4 position by urrottndns tfcflmwlvw w ith weakling*. Son: have attem pted to hwu. th& j uecem fey m aking certain th a t their place could not readily be ailed. Sot, few belle-red th a t to give credit to an understudy lor accom piM inient la a sign of pcn&ri Inadequacy: h u t eooni&r or later, th ose w ho have adhered to th is philosophy ail ih*. their place can be ill led by an organization ilrultenUMi to the theory th a t the om valuable p roduction in terms of cost sh eets, sates and safety 1 the preduction of `'men W hen wo nsftdui a position of safety supervision. lot us hu tuire th a t we surround t v selves w ith stron g m en. w ith m en who do the Job better than we, w ith men of vlaloi of loyalty, of coal, and of devotion to th e task oflolgnad. They w ill assure your prwrti tion. Tou cannt. Grow th te ravM led whgn you have leoinad to live with those with, whom you a m It is h ot enough ta be Tight, Y ou r associt! m u tt know th at you ore right. Dw;^ will c o t m ake t h b p<w*lble. Persons! energy alone will not com pensate for this ef ficiency. Know ledge i the Job will a& t tem per bc iwuxl for thia forer, of uz4t: standing of ^ p o n s ib lllty for sb& safety m ovem ent. T h * g ra te s? m en hac ht* c taa I hellev. 3way w ill fc the cost cocfdderat men, Considerate n ot because of seffi motives, p u t heeauae U appear t c ba s technique which will e n h an ce their *ch> m eet*--considerate bee***c through experience Urey nav< developed a is France sn attitude of rexpcci for U men. Zj &tly. r would urge that you co n sta n tly riovut? you:' cnftrgica to your perseiu growth as you conuider ilia responfllbiSity we ah have tar gaiety, i f you have lesur: to api^aten thrt presume* of growth, you w in hww itc/'uinpltahcd m uch, You will Ju> ltariittti th a t ynu ca n n o t study growth *r you would windy v nieliir*; mm I nk yo* growth ta u g h t or is It caught? T h a t you contioi, r;iviM|> ml lusne-'t i t as you wv,* &. motor: th a t you can n ot nu]y.:c it or plrmc U nntter it mlN*jvoscnpc: hut that y can fal It You can feel It in your organization and yon are tha folks who m u st help your *: a sso c i t grow, Y our m ovem ent Is d o m in a n t and your growth w ill cause otbri * j grow. We m ut look upon it w ith a sense a o t ao im ici of understanding feat wish . concept of realization that it is there. Jo h n H m k Jn once aald: "In order tiw iti ran be MuiriaflJNl w ith ic r o th de2ih ; they m u st ba paid for the work they are douns and they m ust feci a sense c i ccw Sa t," Thla b tgan ication 1 eosnp5l o f ir.cn an d women whd have been heth aiadtnikifs and aduwtflftly p r e p a id for th e werk of snio^y ivf^i'iv^tnir. h r v- si^jtj-s'Oklir gr^at 'work. Yfcufe Wt^rk, ha$ n o t he*c com ptolod. T ho r^pO'iBibiilties are s till eubw;* T leave you With the hop that yon have learned to look at the su n. The man *l h&a w ill n ever tieo h is own ahndow. The m ao who h o i will never ilnd hljs mind da*: by the dark foruhodlnge of an Im possible future. The mim who baa will And In dill' cuHy thfl key (o growth and in Rrrowtb tho key to minecnu lo uming coutlmia-jj'i febc reffponftiblilty thnt He lm j and m u st suyiumo In thin (i>oat nafety movement. Let UB co n tin u e ait nafaty people to look at th e *nm- T h a t ie) our responalbDirj as I see it. Thank you very much. Chairm an `Waujchr Thank you, iir . Oracniy. pfrBonftly 2 am aased th a t he Uifl up to his reputation, Maybe he did n o t need any introd^ietlon. I fH sur* that Stm S sin's should have b ees enough to m tid r me. T2to ifunniriU tenor f It I like! very m uch paid* u lttly the growth of th e sosn sbe. 23 s, promoting th e m an below him to grow iso. You will never get hie job if he U that ua4 af n m sn. It he Is not you may got h is job. At thia Umo i would like to cnll on Mr Cnmpbell Alien o l Aroeric&u K illin g Milt, ho la ChitlrmaxL ol our N om inating C om m ittee. to give ub hla report. K w ould Ilk u explain, and probably abould, Amt, th a t Jim Oourley of tbs Timken H oller Staring ronpany of C anton 'would norm ally becom e th e Chairm an of thla A c tio n for next tt*r and Joe Collins the Vice Chairman and a new Secretary selected, Mr. Oourley has mured me several tim es th a t he w ill not be able to take this chore on due to having adderAble other work and now rwipo risibilities that we reel that he should not try to It, th a t 1*. he w ould like to but h hits so oaacy other thin gs to do th a t he Ju 1* 3 not feel th a t h e can take It on. and Mr. Allen will now give ub tfc* resu lt! of iif N om inating C om m ittee'* election. r. Cam pbell A llen: Tour C om m ittee hxs m et a sd submits, for your appro*a. Jo r^Hna a C fu b m a n for n ex t year, M r Collin* i* c l TcriUrgstawr. Sheet id T ube. As .ics Chairman Mr. E, O- K oniler of Amwlc*r. S teel A' Wire Company, of Cleveland. *ad Secretary Mr. John Van Syck;*, RcpubUs S tsel Corporation, On m otion lire nuralnatKi:;# W^rc unanim ously approved. Chairnun W angh: Thank you, Mr. Allen. Frankly. In golo* in to the xt port ,dt program I dD n o t really feel capable o f dealing with, a satisfactory Introduction of ifae subject. 11 Sttea in the program here that we ore going to deal WHh the In- f u lf ill Hygiene D evelopm ents ftd filing to S a fety . and we naked two g en tlem en to dtcuii th is problem from several different angles; we have asked Mr. Theodor F. Hatch the Xnduotrlal Hygiene F oundation o f Pittsburgh, who la head of the M em bership Sections D epartm ent or D ivision of that organisation to talk to us first. Mr. H atch com es very well qualified. Perhaps some o f you know that b etter th a n I do Tau m ay have heard him t&lk at th N ational S afety Congress or other place*. 1 a n Mmtwo yeti th a t he knows h is su bject. I Imvc provided by Mr. H atch, lit m y request, w ith some o f his background. He <u an m structoe of Industrial H ygiene at Harvard University. Associate D u el Control E sta te;, New Ycrk D epartm ent of Laher, AaiociaL Professor of Industrial U yglana. TJni- <mliy of P ennsylvania, and hi* m ilitary service--f m ight m ention fcefor* 1 go Into that ;U t Mr. Hatch ts also co-euthor of book cm 'Tadnstri&l D u st". eollabcraUrjg erlih rrofmor Philip Drinker. I beliore. of Harvard in this w o r t lie la a Director of tfa* Lid u trial H ygiene Foundation, and l brlieva that Ib hi* chore aol of th e Urns, b u t th is m ilitary phone of Mr. Hatch's lif e --E is a very m od eat feow uhJ som eone ailed my o u e n tlo n to the fa ct th a t he 1 wearlne P*h which he >rlat itr? h ighly. It la called the Legion of Merit and it was awarded for service &* Research Eictiullvft. Armored Research Laboratory engaged In work on Design of Armored Vehicle *>1 other yveupona resu ltin g in increasing com bat elflciency and a&vlhg ltvee. U waa n o t at Mr. H atch's auggcatloh th a t I n u n tlo n th is, b u t I know he to very proud ii it and Justly so bccauM he La one o f the many civilians in m ilitary service w ho have `iiyplled th e w eapons ond the meiuiH for our men to fight a victorious war, probably With roosldarafaly leas lose of life. I th in k have probably aid m ore than Ur. Hatch would prefer to bav* tna ay. but I Sope you will pardon roe If I have overdone i t 3, however, do n o t th ic k ao, 8o. 1 betlfcvs th a t it wrrtild 5>c well for us tc 6i o n w ith our program, and l l U nth canal i2ere.b--e pleasure th a t I introduce Mr. Theodore F. Hatch o f th e Induatrial Riflena F oun dation who will discus th e su bject f Industrial Hygiene D evelopm ent SfUtlng to Safety. Ur. Dyktor w ill he heard later on on an o th er phase of th is eublcrt. ^INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DEVELOPMENT RELATING TO SAFETY" Mr. Theodore F. Hatch. Head. Membership Relation*. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Mr. Chall man and G entlem en: The Chairm an Las been kind enftuh to refer to m y recent niUlCory con n ection Jang w ith m any others In the recent war. I should lik e n oth in g better than to talk .tout my aw n personal experiences* e e d th e experiences o f other who w aasocLated Jib me In th e Armored Medical Research Laboratory because th e work which cord to u ted * lhare and th nspc.-lenne which w* had ha>e a/mre very rial slfenlfb-im in relation io this problem w hich w ax** In here thi* Diflrmnon In Im iiatr)1. 328 She eaked one of til boy, "Johnny, wh&t d ocs th a t dem onstrate to you?" Me sold, " It teach es m e it 1 drink whiskey 1 w on't have worm." (Laughter.) So. -when accidents are caused I think we sh ould tcceii otsr m em bership the causi* of the a ccid en t and probably prevent ib e rnixt one. However, speaking of a particular case that happened In our organisation comtim e ago: One of our member running a table saw lost a Unger and will probably lone an oth er one. His hand la p retty well bunged up- Well, the contractor hnil to pay an additional penalty of 33 par cen t. Later on this particular man wont to another job. They wanted him to run the saw. Having in m ind his accid en t, he d id n 't w ant to do It. and he d idn 't do it. Anyway, there was a new m an on th e Job. and they p u t him on ifca sew. T he man that had had th e accid en t k<ipt tellin g the m an ru n nin g the saw th a t ha had better 5s careful! "Oh." h e said, "Z have had n lot of experience and I know bow to h an d le ftfstfse taifs*' T h e m e n th a t had had th is accident wj trying to tell h is t to he careful, and he was Just too eareleas to listen. Well, later on this particular man ruunliig the acw tipped the table with the saw running and reached under to tighten a bolt th at holds the guide, and he lost a couple of flngera. He Just w ouldn't listen to the leashing of the man that h id suffered, So, th en , the contractor said in a casual way. "Well. I'll put Iho man t i n t has been trying to tell this m an w hat to do hack on that. He haa had an accident. He fthould m ake a good aaw m an now that he has lost a couple of fingers." I think os we go along if we could teach the m em bers of our organisation the causes of accidents that havo happened they would derive a lot oi benefit from It, C hairm an Fearse: 1 would like to have our n o m in a tin g com m ittee report as to whom th ey have selected for the officers for start year. John Jock el and Homsr Itevls were eppointed to that com m ittee yesterday. Mr. Joh n W. JccUel; Secretory & Treasurer, Ohio S late Confcrcnras Bricklayers and Masons, and Plasterers Onion, Cleveland. Ohio: Mr. Chairman: Your nom inating com m ittee appointed by you m et this morning. We checked over the cards to find ou t who to nom inate for vice p resident ext year, We wanted to se lec t an em ployer for the corr.ir.g year. Your n o m in a tin g com m ittee la aerry tn say th a t we were unable to find any con tractor's nam e on those cards that we could recom m end tn you to ap p o in t n ex t year. We believe that these offices nhould be distributed amongst tho different parts oi th e atate so there wtU be m ore Interest In these congresses. We feel th a t If wa have ihem all Irom C leveland, or all from C olum bus, we will have a gathering from there and not from th e rest or the state. We felt we would lik e to distribute the office tfaifl year dow n th rou gh C incinnati or som eplace like that, and by doing that they m ig h t be ab] <o g et d larger delefjatlon. I h aven 't seen th e cards lately. Mr. Chairm an, have you Been any cards lately that indicate we have any employeTM here? Chairm an Pearse: I t la Just as bad at It war yesterday. Mr. J o c k d ; It Just show s you, Mr. Chairman, th e interest th e employer of Cincinnati and Dayton and C olum bus and Toledo have taken In th is congress. Your com m ittee c u n e to the conclusion. Mr. C hairm an--and we hope th a t it meets w ith your approval In ib is c o n t h a t we recom m end that we &$ U is nom inating com m ittee will con tact th e AasGclaiion o f Employer o f Toledo, Ohio, and see if we c a n 't get thoir association to recom m end a nam e to us for a person to be vice chairman n ex t year. We make th a t recom m endation feelin g th a t w hen Tom B entley was alive he was alw ays very Interested In tetaly u. Uery p rom inent w a n in a&rcty. and by making th a t recom m endation wo m iiibt he able to get o good employer n ex t year to be vice chairm an, an d he would b picked tfaa next year r.a chairman, and wo m ig h t bring more in te re st back In Toledo for th is congress. T h a i is our recom m endation. Chairm an Pear: Did I understand you to say that you aeleoted a chairmen, b u t you did n ot select a vice chalrmant Mr. Jock el: We recomfnendftd th a t VJre President W aller be chairm an n ex t year, and we are recom m ending th a t wb select a ice chairm an from the Employers* Associa tion for n ex t year from Toledo. Ohio. iOa m otion the suggestion woe adopted.) Mr. W aller: Mr. C hairm an: 1 appreciate very m u ch having the honor o f being your chairm an n e a t yar. 3 hope I am able to live that Jong and ali o f you or able to come 320 fcwfc and bring m ore people wJtfc you--n o t Just tH*ciumc T am ch aU m on, b u t because ci the message you receive here to tn k e back to your fellow w o rk m en . C hairm an Pcarso: We are going to ask our old frien d , who baa been In th in iitifety movement m long as i t hftfl been going, tb e sftmo a H om er D avis--y o u n o tice I picked o u t two old wheel horse for th is m e e tin g today--to give \ia a ta lk o n . -"R equirem ent lo r Safety on th e Jo b ." J o h n W. Jocfcol will tnlk to 11* now . Ho Is se creta ry an d tre n a u te r ci th e Ohio s u ite C o n feren ce lirtc k l avcih m l Mi<.so mm. mitt rinstcrcvs. in te r n a tio n a l Union, Cleveland, Ohio. "REQUIREM ENTS FOR SAFETY <W TI1K .lO R1' N r. JoSm W. Jockel, Secretary and T reasurer, Ohio d ia l* C onference 11rick layers a a d M asons, n n d PiaxKurera In t rn a tfea ail U nion, Cleveland, Ohio Mr. ChfLimum a n d em ployers and laborers of Lhe All O hio C o n stru c tio n aesaioa: Before Z go Into m y general rem arks, l have a few th ings to say. I am not going ic keep you very long. 1 ca b 't q u ite u n d ersta n d , toeing on your n o m in a tin g co m m ittee for Ibis year, why we c a n 't have m o re em ployers w ith in a r a d lm of M m llea of th e v ic in ity of Columbus to a tte n d th e se sa fe ty conreso. T h ere is so m e th in g wrong. T hey d o n 't take an In te re st in It, an d wo m u s t try to And o u t w hy i t la. 3 do believe th e closer you rue to n m e etin g th e leas re p re s e n ta tio n th e y h av e in t h a t c ity . We have a f&w d eleg ates fro m C in c in n a ti, and we have o n e t h a t X fciit* of fro m Dayton. Ohio. We d o h av e q u ite few from T oledo, a n d a g r e a t d eleg atio n fro m Cleveland. We even h av e a lit tle tow n like L crtiln, Ohk>, w h ich sends & t a n fro m lhe Building T rades C ouncil I t show s you In th ese sm all te rrito rie s th e y are even tak in g lateiw t and having a m an com e down here and spend a few hour. The su b je ct th e c h a irm a n risked m e to ta lk s h o u t Is, '`R e q u ire m e n ts lo r S afety on th e Job.'* Well, th e re q u ire m e n ts are all In th is book. B u lle tin 202. I f y o u w ould road th e se safety req u irem en ts I w o u ld n 't have to te ll you w h at th e y are . B u t X know fro m eiperlence th a t there ore only te n per cen t of ib e representatives of labor and only one por cent of th e tn e n w ho w o rk w ith th e tools, t h a t kn o w t h a t w a have a book Ilk ihta, I believe th e re arc o n ly a b o u t 15 p e r ce n t of th e em ployers w ho know a n y th in g eUout the provision* of B u lle tin 202. I happened to a tte n d a m eeting here bout two yeiuu ago w ith B ill Morrow. It was a building trad e s unfitting. We ta lk e d a b o u t oJoty a n d B u lle tin 202. T b c bURine** asent of th e b u ild in g tra d e s co u n c il eakl to Mr. M orrow . " W h a t Is th is B u lletin 202 you arc talking a b o u t? " Thors was a m an th a t was secretary of the b uilding trades council of a large city And he d id n 't know t h a t th e y h a d B u lle tin 202 In effect. Now. I would like to te ll la b o r t h a t th is B u lle tin 202 w as th e h a r d work of organized labor. We found o u t b a c k In 1918 th e re were no re q u ire m e n ts in th e c o n s tru c tio n Industry. It was q u estio n th a t yon hnd to makn a co m p lain t to th e forem an or th e coutracUM' o n th e Job t h a t th e Job w a n n t safe, a n d tlm l n ig h t a t fo u r o'clock you tot your check, o r you g o t your check a t twelve o'clock th a t S atu rd ay , ju s t becauna you made & com plfnt. b ecau se you w ere * ski jig for a &aie place to w o rk . So, labor In th e b u ild in g in d u s try decided th a t th e r e w as o n ly o n e way to p re v e n t accidents In the b u ild in g in d u s try a n d th a t was to hnva r e q u ire m e n ts passed by th e state of Ohio w hereby you w o u ld n 't have to low y o u r Job so o f te n , and you w ould hire requirem ents th a t would be vary specific so th a t th e em ployer w ould know w h at to carry out to p rev e n t accid en ts. So. now , you have th is B u lle tin 202. You h av e h a d It ince 1922. I t a m o fro m 99 se c tio n s to a b o u t 340, I t h as b e e n rev ised th r e e Umc. Now, these re q u ire m e n ts arc for th e em ployers to carry o u t. T h is book 1a for th e employs*. He haa to ace th a t thooe re q u ire m e n ts nre carried o u t on hie operation. II he will curry o u t th e se re q u ire m e n ts on hla o p era tio n , th e re w ill b e no q u e stio n th a t he has done hla d u ty , a n d th e re w ill he a lo t of ao c ld e n ts p re v e n te d . Now. th ey w a n t to know w h y la b o r d o e s n 't tn* m o re in te r e s t In safety a n d p re- Tentlon of accidents. T h e o nly tim e a iRn t h a t w orks w ith to o ls In ft tr a d e la inlirtsLed tto safety is w h en h e h n s accident. Y our vice chairm an told you th a t. Trrm that day on h e know s m o re a b o u t safety law s th a n t h e m e n w ho drew th e lav up. 330 I d on't m y ftll employers, tom wr hnvr quite n it*-w employees Hint arn not IntcreMNl tn snfeiy and In ndvlnlng Un3r ftitjX*r1iiLrw1('iil:< nuil fK'e<lii*uto LUtiL ilia 1av& ure carried out. Whan the employTM wnKe up 1 when you pul ft penalty on them. Prom th a t day on they aro on the Job. I had two or three employers hi Ohio who were penalized. When they (jot their 35 per cent--ono got 4Q or JO per cent--they said, "Joekcl, from now on woare ffoln to be more careful." That is why we gave up tho right to sue, so wc could get tho specific requirement We decided that tlift only way to wake up a contractor was to penalise him ft percomib'.r and have that coma out of his pocket--not out of the Commission's funds over the:r. I don't Ilk to see everybody get hurt to be Interested In safety on the labor eide 1 don't like to cce cmploycm penalised to get them interested. But I tip heUova that. while the employer he a responsibility to sec that bin job Is safe, wc as workm have the sum* responsibility to sea that the places where you work ara safe, also If they ere not safe befare you go on. you have the right to advise a foreman or aupcrintcndCRt th at the place you are going to work Is not safe, and he win correct that. I know there In no employer 1 the State of Ohio that want* to Injure anybody or k.i!l anybody. They aro Ah human, and they don't went to hurt anybody. But -are find out th at 90 per cent of your employers never get era the job. They ore busy figuring Jot*. The hlgjreat Job today la trying to got labor and material. They may have so play the black market ft little bit to get U. So 2 ft? that we ft* worker have os much a responsibility to see That SJila code ii carried out os tho employers. You heard the figures yesterday from Mr. McDevitt of Pennsylvania that 88 per cent ai tho accidenta ore caused by the raen ibcmaeisea. That Is correct. Now, If that Is correct. I must say to our poop! who are our representative* th at wo should try tu get our raen safety-mi ndfld. Now. I have hcimf & lot about being safety-minded, but being safety-minded docsa'l mean anything unless you have safety-ml ndednesa la your heart. You can teQ them to be careful. That Is Just byword with them. If a. man isn't said on safety and hasn't got sftcty 1n his heart, he ton't going to he safety-minded. We have got to try to educate our people that we represent so they will be sold on safety from tho Infildc. if we will do that, I bellcvo wo are going to do our job. As Z said before, while the employer hos a job to do to carry out these requirements which era mode for him to carry out, we have an equal Job to do In cooperating with him. Now, the employer c a n t be there watching everyth you make a move to see whether you arc being careless. If he was there, ft would coat him a lot of money. But you know men who have been working rs bricklayers or carpenters far 40 years, and they say, "I have done that all ray life.*' If you would give him a kick In ths hint once la a while and talk to him you might be able to get him to be more salety- mltuled before he gets hurt. You taka on a lot of our operation, the requirement Ja the building Industry eaj the employer must put a guard rail on ecufltolds. He makes everything safe. AIqrr comes a plumber or auother tradesman and he says. "I have got to take th at guard rail down toceause I have gat to put seme material there to do my Job.' He takes the guard rail down He walk* nway and doesn't put it back. It aftya la this book th a t the sub-contractor who takes that guard rail down /rftist put it back, hut it doesn't any that if he takes that guard roil down and doesn't put it back he Is Going to be penalized. They arc going to penalise the man you ore workini with. 1 say there are a lot of cur tradesmen who make changes on the scaffolds. litre guard rail. If they would put this safety tail back, they would be doing their Jab to protect their fellow workmen. The Safety and Hygiene Division claims that they go around and talk to an old worker and he say*. "Well. I have done H a!! ir.y life and I never got hurt." Ha caja. "Baloney for you." Now, we Just had an accident down in Cincinnati--a bricklayer from Cleveland, I worked with him around 4fl years ago fer the Ferguson Construction Company. Th*y are mid on safety. They believe in safety. They have addressed our congreiw ecversl times. Brother Baker from Cincinnati called on this foreman and tdld him. "I have been .out here a couple of times. You have no overhead protection. There are men working above the bricklayers and other people. You m ust have overhead protection." He was out there twe or three times. He sold, "I have been foreman for 43 years and I have never had nn accident." 'Veil, th e n ex t day hr* fell oil Um wnJToId. Thrii* wu* 11 m irm l rn.r1 on th aw . Sc Rerun'll in ki-l Mm<i kind i*r n tittle pi'll, niid hu r c m ltn l <*r lh# w all, Ujr nrlrk ufl. tiuL ihd brick Wull wicin 'l llturo. Jlc hnpiWMciJ ui o over lo Lhe ottiur hide, iiml h e id through th e air. H e w e n t dow n eleven fee t. He wh*i in th e h o sp ita l three day, and tidied. That Is a case I w ont to brlnn to your a tte n tio n . He wiui on e o f thcfxj old tim e am ttiat hod th is old byw ord. "I Imvn been layin g brick an d tilo fen1 10 years and X 5i*w g ot h u r t /' Them Ik alw ays a first tim e. T hem was Lhat m an's tim e. He him now been burled (boot a week. Wo had a n o th er case In C levlan d . a con tractor, w here a b rick forem an w as d oing teat) u n d erp in n in g to p u t in an I-b eam . In stea d of sh orin g It up. h e tu rn ed around and isft o u t tho brickw ork. He w as very cercteFis. T h e brickwork started to cam a dow n. He lumped to th e sale. T h em w as n o guard rail tharo. He fell over, and h e died In a coupio ol hours. I am just bringing these points out to show you Lhat our men arc Just a caraleu is the em ployers. How. we h a v e & m u tu a l agreem en t or u n d ersta n d in g a b o u t sa fety . W o m ust cooperate c.:6 the em ployer as m u ch os h e m u st co op erate w ith us. If w e fa ll to do our part and tdvta tbc contractor or th e su p e rin ten d e n t or forem an th a t th e op eration w e are going lewark on U u n safe, we d o n 't care to go on it--if we go o n It it Is goin g lo be our luacftd. and th e em ployer m ig h t be p en alized . Hr. Ham er U avis te ld you t h a t the m en who are h u r t m u s t su ffer. If they arc am o em p loym en t ai* m o n th s th e ir fa m ilies suffer. 11 th e ra tn geta killed, th e n hi tblldren m u st au der th ro u g h lack o l su p p ort and ed u ca tio n . So I eay to t h e em p loyers-- there arc o n ly a lew up in fro n t hare-- thiwa specific Tt^cimnenta arc the sam e a pcciftcntlor. on & job. 2 th in k It is your d u ty, w hether you U u a large Job or a mail Job, i c give theao sp ecification s on th e Job you a te going to build and say, "Tom J o n es, h ere are tho sp ecification * and plan a to b u ild this b uildin g. Here are also sp ecification s to save th e liv es of th e b uildin g tradesm an o n this job." If ho w ill carry ou t th e sp ecifica tio n s In th e co n stru ctio n In d u stry for safety, I think that we w ill th e n b oth do a very flood Job. The Idea of accusing th e contractors th at they are causing all those accident*, and they accusing u s. Is th e w rong w av to coop erate along th ese lin e s. T h e y are n o more rrtjwnclble th an wo ore, and w are no m ore responsible th an th e y a re . But l nay, if you go buck from this m eetin g and don't carry o u t th e thin gs you hear tore find give th em to the ran k an d file w h o m you represen t, th e n you r tim e down ter* te Just w asted. Those who h ave com e here to d a y and yesterd ay n o d oub t d im e h ere to hnar a hum med and go b ack an d do a cm e th in g So r b elieve th a t n ow t h a t you h avb g o t th e digsME* and you have got som e In form ation here th a t you m ig h t d ig est t h a t you hnvo not heard before, you sh o u ld go b a ck hom o a n d try to sell i t to you r local m em bersh ip and try to shew th e m t h a t th e y sh o u ld be m o m c a r e f u l o n th e o p eration . Now, com in g to th ese m e e tin g s we see a lo t of figure. Now. we are ta lk in g a b o u t theso pesters, I h ave b een a ch ro n ic crab on th e se p osters for over ten year*. I have com e lo the con clusion th a t they aren 't goin g to do a n y th in g a b o u t It. I go over there a nn individual. I ta lk to J im F lu k c r an d 5rJn an d KonrnR. T hey say K le a fine idea. B u t (he Idea d oesn 't m ean a n y th in g to th em , I come to th e eon elusion ri h t th is m orning when Jim Fluker said he was gclng io consider th is and ta lk to som eb ody, th a t th ey aren't g o in g to do a n y th in g ab ou t Ifc \n>s$ wjj? organ ization to d a y ta k e s samn a c tio n . We should h a v e a cm n m lttcu gu vvar and call on th e C om m ission a n d t e ll th em w h a t we w ant. t call on th e su p e r in te n d e n t a n d h e ftays, "John, th a t is a good id ea I wUl take it dowe to th e In d u strial C om m ission." He takes tt dow n to t h e In d u stria l C om m ission and ta lk s tn th em . T h ey say they think li Is i sw ell idoa, I t is a sw ell Idea, b u t i t hasn t g o t an yplace. A fow years ago we had th e S afety D irector o u t a t th e W h ile A u to m o b ile Com pany, fie asked me if I w ould co m e over there. T h e y g o t a n ortlat t h a t w o u ld ttmw p la in t . A' . as labor b ein g careless In excavatin g. G len Lockwood said th e y w o u ld do It and they would pay for It. Ha w o u ld h a v e th e a t tls t draw a p ic tu r e o n th e fir Job, The? m id hong It o n th e sh a n ty an d in tha u n io n h ail, t t w ou ld how w h ere a laborer 1 eolog Into a d itc h or a n y ex c a v a tio n w ith o u t sh o rin g . He w ould me this m an gottilled. If h sees he is g oin g in t o a d a n gerou s pot b e wUl t e ll th e em p loyer ho w on't to in unless It Is shored. 332 Ke*t. the bricklayer: H goes on a Ecaiold and there is JkO guard rail. T h at p len a will how th at bfl fall off *r.d brofcc bis baefc. cr raeyba go: killed. T h a t would ba h u a g a the bfiefci&yws* staetSty, in th e bricklayers' h a ll. Thao, they w ould have & carpecai ? add a p ain ter and ft plumber. Thera Is sera fittin g men wil] look a t en d think that they have d o te the aatu th in g ft hundred timed and h aven 't got hurt, hut this follow g o t killed Now. all these figures sh ou t 33 eyes and 90 lege-- you are ju st Ilka any h u m s helm you will go by and look at them and 60?, ` T oo bad " B ut 11 you p aint the picture tc them on a goad poster bko your chairman suggested. 1 believe St wUi help & lot. } The C om m ission fcaa got |S .093.003 la t h s t fund over there. They can o tr u le j spend * thousand doll&is or, any. five hundred deli a n aod get plenty of these poa'.em ie ' p u t on th e operation. I do believe if v e gat th o se posters printed and p u t &a Jobs 1hat \ wa will save m any, zoar.y accidents in the b uildin g Industry. SO 1 say, as for as I am concern e l, fch poatora don't m ean a n yth in g M for as u 1 talking hare 1 concerned u n less we appoint a ccmniittfto or a perm anentorganim des j and call on the Oommloaioc ourselves. Now, I brought som e carda along. I would like to have th e men pass them o u t \ About ycora ago we had an organ lie tlc n in Cleveland backed by the Industrie \ Commission. Wo had a man down there from the Commission nnd ha would take a i record of nil the acaidcntu. The em ployers at first didn't w ant to use tho munn. They uld, ^ 'Wo m igh t m&ke a specific report end you w ould use It against ua aa a viol at Ion," W* j delded we w ouldn 't iusa It as a violation , because we felt tve w anted to be ho n ett 116 thesis. On tb s bock of th is card It says, "Could th is accident have been avoided7 U la remarks." I believe If wo could have every u nion in the building trades in tho State of Obis, w hen ft nsau is Injured in an lndu&ttlal accident. taka ou t on e o f (hope card and fli i t oh t. It would be 6 goGd thin g. Forget the employer' rnuno If you Want to. Juftl put dow n the address, tho trade ho represents, the description o f the Accident, and her* ft could bo prevented. Than wo can cam e back here next year at th is safety oongrre* Mi tell you Qt 100 accident* or 300 Accidents in Ohio where that m an was Injured or killed and bow it happened, nnd how it could have been prevented. T hen, yen could go feicl hom e and explain to your m em bers these specific case*. B u t ju st having a :ct of figures, so m ny back injuria*, and so m any cyca, tad so m any legs, and so m any p erm an en t and total dlaabllJiies and death*. It axel J p u t over to t i c working man ex a ctly what we w ant to give him . I a ty otur poster# and ! th ese reports th a t we could have to bring to our next safety congress would be a very * good thing to prevent many of these accidents. Now, th e y talk about th e m oving picture*. That wtum't brought bout ty chx In du strial Oommleaicr. so m uch. It v /ti brought oboul by labor. We have been gotos around m them: area, m eetings, and we find ou t th a t they h ave th ese m oving plalura sh ew in g where k fellow lost hLs finger. A fellow over la Canton fa in ted , a labor m an . He got sick. He fainted. They ta i real color pi<tuxes. The? showed th e blood com in s o u t cc the picture. They got the Idea. I Borne uf tii labor orjiuiizA-Jona in the last convention parsed a resolution to a n th e Industrial Com m ission to get som e m oving pictures Of the b u ild in g industry so u im we have th is congToas w e can show th o actual pictures where n il tradesm en are d let a care tow job and they got hurt. W hen th is was brought before the C om m ission Jt col 0 far as aereyw the rood la tb s Governor. He decided h& was going to call in all these m ovie operators and so whit they would charge to toko thce pictures. J told Harry Sulii tlu: only min to get p icture right In a m an who tennwa wht Lucoe accident m ean. So, they have got a m an now. 1 don't know whftt his name is. He le a Major General. Ha takes th ese pictures. He is going out. W hen wo get those photo- graph we are going to have a very Rood Job. It ju st nhawx you H t a i w mootings Ilk thia and other Jabar m eetings to bring these to tho Industrial Com m lawon's tlentlaa Now, an other thing: I d on 't th in k m any of the em ployers know anything about this indu.itrlfti public health hatord cede. A bout lx m onth or * year ago I asked th e S ta le DepArtment of H ealth what lM w m o n th e a U iu le book w hereby th ey could go to steel p la n ts and make a aurrer of m en gettin g alhaofilfl and d ust and being ga*aod. They cnlld me down to the offlci of OOlonel F lanagan. He waa from th e S ta te H ealth D epartm ent. H<j nM, " Wo have no law. Wo can 't do a th in g about, it. tit," he aid. *'Jf you will make & specific com plaint or nam e a certain steel plant or |ob. w e'll send a ttin o u t.11* m I sild , "I don't go into Uisse plants. It Is up to you to maki t survey " So. they h id to bung dawn the legal mind from the Department of Industrial Re lation* to m s if there v u any Jaw on the sta tu te books saying that they could m&St a survey to help the working man. They decided they had oo law and they c o u id a t do anything about It. So l said. " Whnt I azn going to do 1 have a law pawed by Che Stale Legislature to make It nccovsary for your department to do that." All of a sudden, some presaure must have been brought to bear, and they u XmI the Attorney General for & ruling on the c u e . The Attorney Gentra! ruled chat the f i u w 3oona of Health had aythorny to make specific requirements regarding the health o f the people of the State of Ohio. So. they called me in and said they wet going to have * meeting on a certain day. They said, '`It all depends on how these people are. Some are farmers, and acm e are business people. They have a right 10 adopt tfcfe code/* I vru advised yesterday by Colonel Flanagan that this health code has now been adopted as a specific requirement. It coven rwplrators and fans. There axe going to bo a lot of things for you tradesman that m ust wear rwplratora. If the employer doesn't carry this out, the law sayt ns can tas fined and penalized. You don't go before th* Idduetrial Commission and make a complaint. The Slat Health Department go in there. Here Is one thing for respirators: "Sanitation of respiratory equipment:--The employer shall provide an approved m eans for cleaning and sterilizing all respiratory equipm ent, and It shall be the duty o f the employer to cause such equipm ent to be m aintained In a clean and sterile condition. Respiratory equipm ent shall n o t be passed on from one man to another until such equipment la cleaned and sterilized." That has been our argument. They take a respirator to John Jones. Ba u*i It Then they take H to Jim Smith. This says It m ust be stsrlUwd. " When filter or cartridge type respirators are used, each employee shall have auch respirator for h is own exclusive use." You can't hand that respirator to each m an. It m ust bo his only. `Tpji:fatory equipm ent and replacement units shall be stored, when not in Ufl. In approved contain era." That Is v b i i it u p about respirators being sanitary. There Is another section here for dual ellrobutton. It Isn't very specific. 1 )Jce It. Xt Is som ething from now on for you men who run saws and there is dust in an scelooed room, or outside. It calls for a hood a suction fan and everything el*. Now, of course, this is not going to be s part of these specific requirements ta th is bcok hT< because m is la approved by the Industrial Commission. These health require m ents have been approved by the Stars Health Board o f Ohio. 1 suggest to you employers that you familiarize yourselves with tbete requlretnsoU, because you are th e fellows th a t ore going to be penal Used. It asys JOmcfc here at the tail end: "Regulation 255. (Violation). A violation of any of th e pro visions of the foregoing regulations, or failure to comply with any orders made pursuant thereto by t to Ohio Bapartment of Health, shall subject the persona to violating or falling to comply to the penalities provided by law ." What the penalltiee are. 1 don't know. But it m ease that If you don't ca n y out the* health regulations that they have adopted, they can go on the Job and suggest changes and you will bo penalised. That will be the contractor, o f course, The employe doesn 't get anything out of that. I believe, alnca this h u come c u t --It is !n print: we Just got them printed the other day--everybody should go over to the Department of Health and tell Ur. Flanagan-- yon see him around here with a soldier's uniform on-- that you would like to have several copies. I don't like to see any employer fined. X think you ought to get a copy oC that and familiarize yourself with what you have to comply with so you will be able to carry ou t the requirements of the State H ealth Department. How, we were talking yesterday about veterans com ing back home. Of couth, they are full o f ginger and a lot of other stuff. There are going to be a lot of oareleu boys. Now, today vary apprentice boy la a veteran. You Know that youraelf. The fellow went to war and he came out. flo, every apprentice boy U going to bs a veteran. I concur in the remarks X heard yesterday. I believe that we should do lik e we do in the nohools. start w ith the youngest and teach them to be safe, not to go ocron* tbo attest against a red light. AU these u a tons have adopted plans to get this Q. I. money and flisiztancs pay for t 334 apprentie boys. You m ust have a local plan pprovori by the S la te Apprentice Oouactf: otherw ise, the veteran isn 't goin g to get r.uy money This plan adopted by oli tho melons, d on't esre who they te. and eSgrned by ft em ployer--i t m y In their third yaar they m ust fea required to u n d trsu n d tha buUdlci code One eo^s they m u st u n iera land safety la regard to tools and teaCoUta. Now. you b a te gol a w onderful opportunity, you organizations who h*ve apprentice com;nllxcM act up and have apprentie boye, to follow out tho standard.' of th is apprentice agreement here. You can give th a t boy tile teaching from the tim e bu goejs on tho Job. You can tell him how to bo careful and co : bave any accidenta. Jik Dures u } i a let of these young fellows will have to get some informt:) from the older fellow*. Let m e bell sem e of these older fellow s that the fellow are be'cj cwreloft. They did th a t for 43 years, and they got careless. X thin* th t only way sta rt ou t w ith th e apprentice hoy bo w hen he becomes a journeym an ho will be ten m u ch more safety m inded and sold in his heart on it so th a t when he get on a job. ru n n in g n Job. he wil! h&ve all the platform s and scaffolds in a afe condition. Now. th e n ex t th in 2 we wore talking about was m ere men for the Safety and Uyfese D ivision. 3 agree w ith ths.t. W e are lucky in th e building industry, gentlem en, lo han men. who wilt go o u t a cd sell ed u cation And safety, who are practical building tradesmen. When we agreed to forego our right to aue. we wore very curcful tn mb that Uwm m en com from organizations In the building Industry so Unit they know w hat it vsi all About. The tro u b le is today--looking over your liai h crc--you have only even men in the building Industry. Arnold BUI aald be culled on a jota anee every 30 days. Now. from the prem iums the employers pay in one per cent scoe/i to the fialctj Hyglane D ivision. They dala-, th e y have got ever a m illion dollar In that fund. 1 don't b ells in robbing the fund oo th a t when a deprwalon com es around we don't have any m oney in there, b u t I do helievc we have six or seven good years ahead of us. and the Safety an d Hygiene D ivid an, or the Industrial Commission, could p u t plenty of men In tbs field and get them atarted. Aj Mr. K lcm an asid yosterday. he in vites th t people to com e and nee him so they can make su ggestiona. I es tt ii up to th is sectio n a l m eetin g here today--if we don't form a pcnuantm organisai, kin--to m ake a cecam m en dation to the Industrial Corara I lo o that we th iit w in bold water, to gat enough m en In the field th a t they can moke a Job at least bw j tw o week--not every 30 days. Now. I was advised yesterday--it m ight be true; we will havo to find o u t ru/thei-- (b a t this one per cant for the Cc*mmission was going 10 be cu t off. Z think the employen an d laber should cisk e a protest. One per cent o f $14.000.000 would be 1140.000 a year. T h sy are going to take that one per c e n t off tntireJy now a cd ue the m en er they hare gat in there. The Jaw s&yg they can't aw* more th an on* per cent o tins premium paid luto tb C oaipcnsatlon fund*. Mow, I believe you em ployers, as well &a bor. should m ake a pro- teal and ask the Comm ission to cu t off on ly on e-h alf of one par cent, instead of cWe off th e w hole or. per cant, and get a U tile fund In th ere. If you Are Gain to get sotm mar* men In the* fields you w ill have to have mora m oney. There 1 no use Traillo* u n til your m ercy is all gon* e n d. th en , the payroll gets low and tho money cernea lr lea and v * won't hare any money. After I got through If auybedy in the audlenco hns any Interest In LhU thing, II you think Unit my idc re nil rJjjhi. nm gnl to uk yuu to muke m otion lo cnrrj th at out. Now, you hoard Jim Pinker ?ny that the men. you hove arc do lag a wonderful Job. T h ey are d oing a wonderiu< .job. T hey are experienced b uildin g uadcam en They knew w h at It la Alt about. W hat liappons in sorna deportm ents? They appoint Inspector* that ans not bulhMcg tradesm en. They go on & job. They take tho blue book o u t and ce a oelldn. They g e t out th e rule. They meaauro plank and they say. "You aren't com plying with the cod." Well, a practical httltillnc: tr iv io in un turanT have La tuuk m uny cotia. Ilf. hnn cood. com m on sense. He knows by look in g at th e scaffold If It 19 going lo be safe If he thjnfci It Isn't going to be fe and he w ants to show the em ployer the violation, he gela out tho book and show him the violation. Bo far wo h ave been fo rtu n ie in th a t th e men la the Hygiene D ivision haven't beta p olitically appointed. 3 u t let m e tell you som ething: zt is going that way now', n la lik e all d e p a r tm e n t that labor fou gh t for. It la sw ell. T h ey put in practical men to run these doportm niu*. m ipcctor*. nml Investigator. it riiim about ten or filteea year, and thon w h a t happen? Tho boys ociosa the road suy they have got a jooC ille n d over her t h a t la a, goad D em o crat or Ho p u b lic an . How ab o u t it, ace? T h e ; se n d him over an d p u t him on th e payroll. If you are going tc stan d ic r m a t. you are going to have men com ma n your job to e d u c a te you on safety th a t d o n '; know w h a t i t L? *U ab o u t W hen th la law w ai passed 23 yeara ago. labor w ta very careful to say th a t th ese cr.cn m ust be em ployed from day to day. You d o n 't have to appoint them for two years w hen you have a new G overnor. If th ese m en d o n 't do Uia Job, tomorrow shay can ba fired and 70U d o n 't have to say e. ward a b o u t It. T hey d id n 't do th atr Job. We also recom m ended th a t the G overnor rat th e only one th a t could approve the wages. T h e C e ram ist lor. recom m ends th e ir wage*. A t t h a t ittnc we sta rte d Cftem o u t at iriK). How. they get a little b etter pay. So. 1 have com e :o m e conclusion th a t If you Laboring people, and employer, aiso. d o n 't w atc h th is S afety end iXygteno D ivision you will ju iit be com ing down h ere to a bunch of p o litician s, a n d th a t is all. W hen th e labor m en of th e S ta te of Ohio gave up the right to sue. It wa for 3M reaso n only-- Co h av e codes w ith specific re q u irem en t* to p rev en t accidents, a n d If the em p lo y e d id n 't carry them cu t th e y would be penalized The employer* agread w ith us. W u ndenstar.il each o th er. I noticed whan Davey was In th ere they a e n t a few friends over. Thay a*!d. "W h a t do you know ab o u t gaiety?" T h e fellow sa id . "X d o n 't know a n y th in g .11 T hey field. "O e t o u t of here. We d o n 't need you " W hen U r. D rlcker was 1 th e re th e y h ad a county p o litician th a t had a frie n d , a n d they p u t him In there. W e m u n t le t th e In d u s tria l C om m ission know w h a t c w ant is for thee in sp ecto r and su p erv iso rs to be practical m en, a n d if th ey d o n 't d o th e Job. le t th em (to. I h av e been to ld lately t h a t th e se fellow are going to b a b u n ch or bookkeepers. Mow. you know if you tell your business ag en t. ''T om orrow you come in a t n in e o'clo c k ." and w ben he uts in th e u n io n tolls h im . "Mow. you m a k e > report every 30 m in u te * of where you go. w hat tim e you are going to go to lu n c h , and bow m any m il you are goics to go." your business agent would be buay roc king ou t reports, I have been advised row by th e g rap e v in e system --y o u he' th em ta lk in g a ro u n d h e re --ih * t th e se m en m u s t hove a d is tric t, th e y m u s t s t a r t a t eig h t o'clock, mee* W en. th ey m ight drive 30 m iles. They could In v estig ate 3? Job*. Every tun they m ake a m o r e th e y get a pencil out. They get down and ay. "I w ent 20 m il ." They put that down. They ha to say haw m uch gas they spent and w hat th ey did, If they *c out w ith a b lo n d s scmfipl&oe. th e y have vo p u l th a t dow n, to o , I suppose I am Juefc try in g to b rin g ou t. g e n tle m e n , th a t unfibedy Is g ettin g c r a r j over th e re They arc trying to m ake this d ep artm en t rcechaalc*L You know yourself you ca n 't tell a business hgefti w hat he has to do from th a tim e he sta rt In. th e m o rn in g u n til b e g e ts hom e. Ha h a s to use tala own Ju d g m en t. These m on are th e sam e way. You have to give thana a free hand. You have got to le t th e m go n u t and know w here th e Jobs a re a n d investigate th em an d m ak e ficom m endaticna. They d e n 't have to worry about b asin g these regulations th a t get these fellow 1 to be bookkeepers They have in th a t law th a t If th ey d o n 't do th e Job. they can fire th e m tom orrow m orning. I th in k , *n fur n* wu are co n c ern ed rh e m p lo y e and labor, ara ahcixld w k thorn n o t to h av e these m en Hpcnd h a lf th e ir tim e m a k in g o u t p aim a. b u t nJJow th e m to go on th e Job a n d do a good Job. I was cn th a t com m ittee th a t decided to forego the right to sue T h at w si for one purpose alone, It has nothing to do will* politics. D em ocrats. Republican. SociaUals. Com m u n is Lb a r w h a tn o t. If ha w as o. raw* who ecu Id fill th e Job a n d was a q u alified building tra d e s m a n , th a t wo* hla jo b So 1 hop. Mr. C bainnim , th a t we can get th e d eleg ate! here today to fill o u t th o se cards so t h a t w hen we como back h ero n ex t year wu ca n rep o rt to ihfl d eleg ates th a exactly tru e accident* Hurt imppejned. an d how they wore aauved. and how they c a n be prevented. A n o th e r th in g I would Ilka to d o : I w ould like to ta k e aoaoe action ag a in --f o r th e fifteen th tim e , I e n p p o re --Vo h av e a c o m m itte e and aak th a tn If they ar* going to m ake these p o rte rs . II they d o n 't, let's go down In our o o Jean* and make them ourselves. The n e x t th in e : Let s ask them if they wen t reconsider thoir acUoo of taking one per c e n t off e n tire ly . L et's oak th e m to ta k e off o n e -h a lf per ce n t an d see if we c a n 't go At It g ra d u a lly , because th in g s chtvngc rapidly. Mr. C h a irm a n nod ielfiRirtc* taorc to d a y : I w ould lik e to see you form w h a t y ou would call a p erm a n en t ita te org an izatio n whore we could m eet twice a year. N o v we 336 m eet once ft year. Say. we could m eet on a Saturday or Sunday, get away and spend & whole day on things we have on our m inds to make a safer place to work on the job. We could have a perm anent organ lea tJon. You know, some years ago they started bringing In diflerenfc lawe they were going to recommend over In th e legislature. I was a little opposed to that because w hat we were going" to deal with was safety only. I believe, Mr. Ohairman* we could do a wonderful job, because we could m eet twice a year, or maybe three tim e a year. Then, we could go over to the Industrial Commission and say os a state organization of building employers and laborers we were recommaodtnf certain chahgca we thou ght were necessary to prevent accidents In the building Industry Mr. Chairman, I didn't think I was going to talk so long, b ut I Illte to explain these things about the health code, and how hard we have worked to got these codes. I w ant to tell you som ething--this u th e last word X am going to tell you--I told you a couple of years ago you would never have had & safety congress in th e Stats of Ohio, you would never have had a safety code In the building industry, if it hadn't been for th e building trades of the S tate of Ohio. W hat brought th at about was th is: For live years we demanded that they pass code. The employers said, "We will agree If you take away th e right to sue. Wb&t to going to happen la, as soon rb we have a code--and X agreed with them; I couldn't h elp It--"A shyBter laywer will say, 'Well, here 15 section 94, John Jones, you got hurt' II fYee,` "He will say, `You m u st get $100,000.' "Tha workman would eay, `How m uch do I get out of it?* 44'You get $50,000 out of I t/ " "Well, go ah ead / * W e found out the percentage was very amah of the m en who sued that got very m uch. Instead of getting $5,04)0 for a death, they got $800. Mi. Arnold JBSH, D ivision of Safety and Hygiene, Columbus, Ohio: Only 12 per cent of those that sued ever received any damages. Mr. Jockel: That Is why wo changed our minds. G entlem en o f th e building trad of the State of Ohio, through enforcing our code we took away the right to sue. We started th e department. The employers were very favorable to go along w ith us. I h ate to blow our ow n horn In the building trades, b u t th at la the truth. Mr. Homer Davis-, Treasurer, Cleveland Construction Company, Cleveland, Ohio: Mr. Chairman. At our last m eetin g hare In 1944, April 19, we passed a m otion requesting the D ivision of Safety and Hygiene to m ake a digest of this B ulletin 202. I talked w ith Mr. Morrow yesterday regarding that. He said, "Well. I have made up m y various charter. X have subm itted them to th e Commission. B ut in view of the fact th a t we have about 27 other codes relating to other Industries In th e state; they th o u g h t it m ight be a bad practice and aet a precedent If they established and put out th is detailed digest." T he Builders Exchange in Cleveland, when th is code first came out. put out Just about a dozen pages h ittin g the high spots which would relate ordinary to ecoffoldi, ladders, and so forth, w hich would be very helpful to the carpenters and th e bricklayers. I t told them the kind of acaHold, and the construction o f it, th a t would be required and permissible. How, in view of th a t circumstance, I told Mr. Morrow, "Well, If you w ill afford Mr. Jockel and 1-- '* He doesn't know about this, b ut X am going to tell him about It-- "who happen to be on this com m ittee assigned for this m orning's set up here, your charts, I believe that through our own divisions, the Builders Exchange, general contrac tors and th e various labor organizations, we will have those digests made and wa'll bm th a t every forenoon and nub-foreman and m ost of the mechanlc-a are iuTniehed with copies of those digests." They cost us about 10 centB apiece printed, we'll say. In ten thousand lots. I think It w ill be ten cents w ell spent. John, if you want to th in k that over and talk it over w ith the boys. I will aorore you on behalf of the employer some way or other we'll ride along with you, because I thin k it is a mighty nice Jesture. Now, there 1b one other thin g I would like to bring before this body. If you boys recall, about six years ago w hen we were trying to revive the construction industry we had an Influx o f Jerry-build cm. You have got them today. At th a t tim e I made up a list, taken directly from the permits down at the City Hail and from the various town halls around through Cuyahoga County, o f a little over 5,000 names of men or concern who professed to be, or at least styled themselves u 837 contractors. I se n t Shat list down here to th e Industrial Commlsalon, to Tom Gregory, then chairm an. He had it checked, and we had only ldOO o f those contractor* who w ere paying any contribution Into the Industrial fund. I sent the same list at th at time to your chairman of the Unemployment Compen sation, and they found only 1300 of over 5,000 names, w ho were paying Into the U n em ployment Fund. I sen t th e sam e list to the Collector o f In tern al R evem ie In the Cuyahoga C ounty district. 2 never even got a reply. I d on't know what chocking he did to find out how many o f th ese fellow s were paying Old Age Pension Insurance. Followe, that ia the situ a tio n of these Jerry-builders w h o carry their book* In th eir vest pockets. They don't m ake a report to the Industrial Commlfwlon. They don't m ake a report to the Old Age Pension or to the U nem ploym ent Bureau. We naturally leel that is u n fa ir to you and to ub. In th o first place, they are our com petitors. We do f e d that nn sxtreord Inary effort should be m ade by th e Industrial C om m ission over hero to revive and stim u late and further th e investigations by your payroll com pliance d epartm ent, which has been p ra c tically p u t on th e ahelf for tho last three years. T would offer a resolu tion th at thia body by m otion req u est the Induatrial Comm Isalon to revive and re-m an their Compliance D epartm ent, Payroll. Compliance D epartm ent, I believe It is called, and carry on fu ll investigation!). Mi. John F. Bnm es, Buainess Manager. Cleveland B uilding and Construction Trades Council, Cleveland, Ohio: Second the m otion. Chairman Pears: You have heard the m otion, gentlem en. All In favor Ray aye. Contrary, no. The m otion is carried, gentlem en. Are there any remarks? Mr. Jam es A- Sheehan, Carpenters' Local 3106. Cleveland. Ohio: In regard to Mr Jockel's rem arks: I m ay sta te that th e D istrict C ouncil o f Cleveland, the Csrpentere* D is trict C ouncil, has had th is In effect for a num ber of years. In fact, we use i t in dup licate. II b m an Is injured on th e Job, an a ccid en t report Is m ade up and sent down to the Carpenters' D istrict Council, and another one Is turned over to the employer. In th a t way we keep track of any accidents on th e Job. Chairman P canc: That is a very good Idea. Now, I think that you busine agBntfl particuJ&riy should be very careful of these Jerry-bulldera and n o t send your m en ou t u n til you find o u t If they have got insurance coverage. Y ou are only protecting your own group. I th in k that is very Important today when th ey are springing up all over. Mr. K lefm an told you yesterday there are 200 in Cleveland th a t h e knows of In th e last few weeks. Now, 3 am going to take the hull by th e horns, with your permission, and appoint a com m ittee of Mr. Waller, Chairm en, and Homer Davis, Vice-Chairman, to get the posters through far u s th at we have been talk in g about. We have fiddled around with th a t Ions enough- Now, let's g et a little action. Mr. W aller J* right here in ColumhuR, and Homer la dow n here often. I think th e y can do com eth lng. Are there any objections to that? Well, th a t in in effect, th en , A nother th in g 3 am going to do: 1 am going to ap poin t Mr. Jockal hero as chairm an, and I am g oin g to appoint Fred K ief m an aa vice chairm an, of a com m ittee to see If we cannot get more manpower in the Industrial Commission, both for the Compliance D e partment and for th e in spection . It Is up to th em to draw up a resolution and send It from th is body and follow it through and report back to us at our n ex t m eeting. Are th e r e stny ob jections to that? All right, gentlem en, we ore going to do that. We are going to try to g et thta th in g through. I f we don't take certain action , wo will never get anywhere. We can try it this way. We talked about It and wo got nowhere. Mr. Bam N aum s nn. Bricklayers Local U nion No. 5, Cleveland, Ohio: I w ould Uko to wy a word relative to the remarks th a t were made yesterday by Mr Kiefm an and d w elt upon by you Just a m om ent ago. You said th at th e b u sin ess agents should check u p a lot of th ese Jobs. Well, Z believe th a t m ost of th em do th a t. Aa far as ou r organization la concerned, re don't perm it any of our men to work for contractors th a t aren't covered by tho Industrial C om m ission Insurance. We m ake It our b u sin ess to find out w hether these codtractors th a t our m en week for are covered by th a In du strial Commission Insurance. \ 338 It has been going on for & good m any years, as far as we are concerned. If We find &aj em ployer that doesn't carry com pensation, the m en are n o t perm itted by Law, In the firat placo. to go to work for an outfit of that type. Referring to th e jerry-builders: Mr. Davis in bin rom&rka m ade a statem ent that I would, like to ask him a question about. W hen you m ade the sta te m e n t th a t th e general contractors were charged with so man; m an hours--I forgot the exact num ber--did that in clu d e the hom e buiidors, or Just tb< general contractor? Mr. D a v is: 5001 Is the general contractor. 6040 is th e class dlcation for rn&ldeaul building. Mr. N auam fio: You didn't take th a t Into account? Mr. Davis: T hat la m onilouod separately. There Is Just one m atter I would like to clarify on this: According to our present state law. both on the unem ploym ent and on w orkm en's com pensation, it la specific and m andatory th a t If you have three or mere regular etr.ploysfts they m u st be matured through th e in d u stria l Commission. 3 is not op tional. You can't buy It any place else. You m ust lnsura through th e Industrial Coa> m lesion. However, you fellow s probably know this: These Jerry-bulldcr a havo got a broth and a son, or maybe a fa th er and a eon working together. Two or three of those fellows w ill work, and they w ill hire one or tw o bricklayers, and one or two carpenters, Inter m ittently. But they don't have three rtfiulflr employe. Now, tha result Is--euppoee th ey only hire two bricklayers. They haven't got Insur ance. T h ey haven't com m itted an u n law fu l act, hut th e bricklayers th a t ore working an without that protection. The law docs perm it an em ployer w ith le^s than three em ployees to be covered volun tarily. I am Insisting on th is in m y organization. I d o n 't give a d am If a sub-contractor coroes to me with only one man. th a t naan hits to show me a certificate of Insurance up to date from the In du strial C om m ission hcforE 1 let h is on e m an work on the Job. Mr. N aum ann: We have that particular clause In our rule*. We don't care if a man only em ploys one m an, ha 1a n o t perm itted to go to work u n less he is protected. Wa try to follow through on th a t. B u t there axe go m any holes being dug and ac m any builders that It la hard for anyone to keep up w ith It. m uch less your Inspector* th a t are In tha field. We w ho are In th e localllty can 't keep up w ith it. Every five m inu tes there la a new builder. They are Just ab out as frequent as you; accident rate, It Is a hard m atter to overcom e under present circum stances, b u t by the cooperation of everyone concerned It can be overcome. I w ould also ilka to refer far a m o m en t to the sta tem en t th a t Mr. Jocket made relatUe to th e regional offices th a t were estab lish ed for th e reporting o f th ese men in their vicin ities at 9:00 o'clock In the m orning. I also heard th a t som e tim e ago. I d on't know w hether It is In effect yet or not. If It is. it appear to mo that thew la a stream lining effect going on w ith in th is division th a t Is n o t an efficient one. It h becom ing costly. It m eans th e esta b lish m en t of men in throe offices, and It takes time away from th e m en In the field. I also th in k , as Jack does, th a t them In a tendency for th is dep artm ent to become j p olitical grab hag. I think, th a t w e. em ploy era, the contractors, and the organizations, should do ev e ry th in g w ith in our power to hold that In tact as It Lb, lo prohibit anything of th at kind to happen Wo d on't w an t to bo a political su b-dlvlslon . Chairman Pears: That's right.. Mr. N aum ann: Wo w ant to carry on os we have in th e past. Thera is only one ytaj that we are going to do it, an a th a t is to Insist on it through these sectional meeting that we are having, or this yearly m eeting. I b elieve that wo should take action , as we have here on several occasions, by motion, Or through these various com m ittees, to in sist to the com m ission th a t that Is what thl3 ttonstruction division wants. Wo w on t a clear cut case, ax before w ithou t any political In te r fe r e n c e in any sense of th e word. Iu th a t way I believe th a t wc can get aomowhen and stay whore we belong, or stay where we have always been Mr. Max Koblentx, Carpenters' D istrict Council, C leveland. Ohio: You know, Mr. Jockel's report, or Mr. Davis' report: Are they speaklng about enforcing the Inw. a p u ttin g up posters, or eomcthhng like hnt7 I would q uestion w hether It is possible to , enforce th e law. How would you en force tho law? You tell a contractor that ho will tj 339 penalized flix m onths after an accident, ot three m onths niter a s accident, and a t th e aime tim e you have accidents on h is Jobs. I would suggest 11 a S aiety and H ygiene Inspector com es on the Job today and sees any violation and he tells th e forem an or su perin ten dent, or so and so, th a t th is should be corrected, th e next day tbe S afety and H ygiene inspector should be on th e sam e Job to soo th a t th a t la done. If It Isn't done, call a policem an. You should see how th ey are all afraid of a vest b utton , and especially a amall contractor. They win correct their violation. At the sam e tim e, th e Safety and H ygiene Inspector w ouldn't have to be 30 days on tbe Job. He would have to be tw o m onths on the Job He would know th a t th is thing was corrected. The some as regards a perm it. If thore 1h no perm it on the Job, the Job 1 stopped. On som e Jobs where they figure & Job, the contractor, or the superintendent, or the genera] forem an, they w ant to contract the Job for so m uch leas. There Js a little th in g , a railing or a cover on air d ucts, or som eth in g like that, th a t they pass by. If som e c arp en ter, or som ebody, tries to cover these th e superintendent will say. "Oh. w h a t arc you doing? Leave that go." All the laws could be enforced Jf 1t la possible to get the Inspectors o f S a fety and Hygiene to got in touch w ith any city police. Just the aamc aa 11 they h a v en 't g o t a permit. If It Isn't enforced or corrected the next day. stop the job. Thoy are always afraid o f a vest button. D on't th in k for a m om ent th at the steward could do it. Some time* the steward can't do It. W hen the S afely and H ygiene Inspector com es on th e Job, and he know s tb s con tractor very well, he can talk to th e contractor more than the steward can talk to him. He can say. "Hello, Jimmy," and they go ou t In th e coraer and they talk together. The Safety and Hygiene inspector m eans well, b u t he com es 30 days later. He ou gh t xo come the n ext day, and if it i*nJt corrected, call th e police and stop th e Job. That's tbe only thing to do. T hen he w on't have to com e every 30 days. Every two m onth will be all right. T hen, the contractors w ill know from each other th a t his Job was stopped because of that Chairman Pearsc: There are a lot of th in g s we can do aa we go along. X am going to appoint quo m ore com m ittee w ith your perm ission. I am going to ask Mr. Naum nnn and Mr. Stacking to be d com m ittee. Mr. Naunumn chairman, and go over to the In du strial Commission nnd try to get that very thin g you were talking about of making a p olitical organization straightened out. See what you fellows can do from the employers nnd from th e laborers' stand point. There you are. gentlem en. If there are no objections, that is my third commIUeo. Mr, A. R. Taubm an, D ivision of Safety and Hygiene, Cleveland, Ohio: Mr. Chairm an: I am not going to say anything. I am Just going to tell you that I cm going to give the boys who only get in here onca a year a chance to express their views. STATEMENT OF MR. RICHARD V. JACOBY Marietta Concrete Corporation. Marietta, OhioI I am Richard Jacoby from the M arietta Concrete Corporation. Thle is tny first year. I have been listening and trying to loam som ething. This meeting this m orning has certainly been an inspiring one. We aren't in the building con tractin g business. Ws try to avoid contracts as m uch as possible. Moot of our business !a concerned with Jobbing material. B u t in order to get an yth in g done, wc find th a t occasionally we have to branch o u t and do a little con tracting on our own. We have had a fow industrial cases that have been headaches to us. and we have learned a Jot, and wc have had a few penalties. T hat happens every once in a w hile. We find that our m en. som e of them , are careless. We have w hat wc call & silo erec tion crew th a t rom ou t on th e road to arcct alius. They m igh t be called Independent contractors on their own. Yet we carry them on our payroll as employees of the com pany. We find th a t our biggest problem w ith them is scaffold work, the use of thair scaffolds. We could furnish them with the b est xonfrolil, I think, th a t anyone could fu m la h them with, and If we d idn 't follow th em around they w ouldn't use it. They will figure, w ell. 343 Mr. Sullivan: That's right. They belong to each o l the Individual contractor here In Cbtumbus. Chairman Pears: I w ould say th a t contractor has to carry inturmoe* on them . Mr. Sullivan: I want to carry it back to them next summer. Chairman Pears: T would *y you are covered by the contractor1 Insurance. We have ipprtutlces. and we always cover them the sam e as other man, Mr. Sullivan: T h ai is m y opinion, b u t Mr, K n ig h t of the School Bcmrd w ouldn't co m mit himself, and n either would any of the contractors who were there. 1 th ou gh t l would bring Hint question here. My Interpretation la that they art* actually covered, beciuji they are still in his em ploym ent. Mi. Milan Slocking, Executive Secretary. Cleveland Chaplet P a in tin g and Decorators if America, Cleveland, Ohio: W ell, Mr. Chairm an, the apprentice program Is practically uniform throughout the state. The em ployer pays that boy. He pays him w hile he is on his own payroll. He pays h im w hile he goes to school. He should pay hltn at least. T h ere fore. he Is In the contractor's em ploy, and it should be a violation If the contractor failed to return his payroll along w ith th a t o f tho other. He Is absolutely covered. Mr. Ross F. Johnson, Hunitin-Coiiitey C onstruction Company, Clnveland, Ohio: I have one sucgeatloa. `Vou were t a x in g about Uies placards and folders. My suggestion- Is thu. that we try to obtain som e actual photograph pictures to put on th ese placards w ith reference at the bottom to th e flection In b u lletin 2 0 2 . Have n o th in g else on them . These placards we ore gcttlu g now are Uieloaa. and they should be livened up by warn action pictures. If possible. And then p u t a specific reference to B u lletin 203. &o that It will at least a u raet atten tion to ih e specifications In th a t b u lletin . Chairman Peatsc: W ell, that m ight be a good Idea. 2 will Juzt add you to th a t committee. Mr. K. C. S c h w a r z e r : I m i g h t s a y t h a t I b e lie v e t h a t t h e p i c t u r e s of O ccidents will be tak n on t h e Job. b e c a u s e o u r d iv i s i o n h a s o n teb lis h ed a visu al education p r o g r a m having to do w ith photography. 1 believe we will be b a rin g those k in d of posters o n the Job as soon n i t h e s e buys g el c o m p l e t e l y o r g a n i z e d . Mr. B. T. G odfrey, D ivision o f S a fe ty a n d H ygiene, C o lu m b u s, O h io : Mr. C h a irm a n . IdO want to um ke B few rem arks In reference to w hat h a 6 already been said th is m orning *hd th co m m ittees th a t have already b e e n a p p o in te d . Vou bar this m orning ap pointed various committees. Now, as a n employee of th e Dlvalon of Safety and Hygiene. 1 hope an d tru s t th a t those com m ittees w in function, *121 g et o u t a n d do l b * Job w h i c h t h e y h a v e b e e n a ss ig n ed t o do a n il n o t go b a c k horn And forget a b o u t il. I k n o w so m e of y o u w ill, t h o p e all of you w ill, b e c a u s e t h a t is ttuj th i n g t h a t Is g o in g t o g e t u s re s u lt . I am talking now from w ith in . I h ap p en to know som ething about th e conditions and clrcurn stance in w hich we w ork, I th in k every m a n In th e c o n s tru c tio n sectio n 1s doing darn good Job w ith w h at he h as to do It, I th in k our codes, o u r specific r e g u la tio n could be greatly im proved, could be m a d e m o re d efin ite, either &ay yes or h a . I'm n o t tt m an th a t w in e s to go a ro u n d th e s tu m p a n d p u t In an exception o ver here. I t Is e ith e r 7%Ot or wrong. And When we g et dow n to t h a t old black an d w h ite H U S, w are going to be able to do so m e th in g . I hope th e employers and the labor representatives th a t are hers In this Bectidual meeting will bring pressure to bear upon th e In d u stria l Commission of Ohio to m ake our V i s i o n nsoicr effective In accld w n t p r e v e n t io n . There are a lot of things I could say t h a t in m y opinion would im prove th e w ork of field m en I t h i n k you h av e m a d e a g re a t m o v e here th is m o r n in g i n a p p o in tin g th e s e fcominlttees to stu d y a n d b rin g o u t th e w eak p o in ts and m ake th e m stro n g er, so we c*h So o u t a n d do s o m e th U ie t o sav e life a n d li m b o f t h e w o r k in g m en of t h e S t a t e of Ohio. I would JlKe to m ake a few rem a rk s ofl th e leeord, please. (Discussion off th e record.] Mr. A rnold Bill, Division of fiafety a n d H ygiene. C olum bus, O h io : A rnold Bill, S afety k*preseutailve In the Division of S afety and Hygiene on Building e n d C onstruct Ion Operations. There are a lot of things th a t 1 would like to say here. I w ant to say a few things ber to y ou m e n th i s m o rn in g , b u t I w ould like to nay th e m off th e record. (Discussion oil th e record. 1 Mr. Charles H. W alker, C arpenter* Local 1133, Toledo. Ohio: I Ju s t -wanted to say on t h i s H u l l r t l n 203 t h a t w h e n i t w a s re c e iv e d wa g o t a few copleu o f It 1u T o le d o 344 and wa took up th e sectio n s th a t w e wcto v ita lly Interested in and read them ofl lu the m eetin gs, In op en m eetin g, section to? eaciian* end had drnusaiona on them . Also on those safety e&cdB: Wa have th em m ade o u t in trip licate form. One b Xurnlahed th e contractor, on e the em ployee, and o n e the State, co th a t they have s3 got a copy of It algnad a t th o tim e of the accident. We have a very live safety can* m ittee th a t works all th e tim e, and they follow all o f these up* I th in k th a t Is a matter of record over there at the Commission. Mr. Fred H. W atson, S a fe ty and H ygiene D ivision, Toledo, O hio: Off th e record, (Discussion ofl the record.) Chairm an Pears: I f you fellow s th a t are her w it! go back and U ll your unions and your employ bs, and your naacciatlon w h a t you have learned here th is year, it you hau learned som ething, I th in k it w ill h elp In bome w ay. I t wc save j u s t on e or two Ittea, we ax doing som eth in g . I th in k It is worthwhile. God knows n o n e o f u s w ant to vee a man hurt. Mr, John W , Jockel Secretary and Treasurer, Ohio B u te Conference Bricklayers and Masons and P iaster era In tern a tio n a l U nion, Cleveland, Ohio: I Just w ant to clear up i few thing. You appointed three com m ittees. X would like to msho a suggestion th a t these thm com m ittees go to and see the In d u strial Comm ission all at tho name tim e. We ar* all interested in th e sam e th in g . We ore going to get knocked around IX w e go oub at a that I have been over there so o ften , and I know Just how they h andle you. You appointed a com m ittee to go to the Industrial Commission to give these aea police power, T h e S afety and H ygiene baa n o police power. They are w h a t you call edu cators. If you go over there, th ey w ill te ll you they w ill have to change th e law, Ibt police power rests in th e D epartm ent o f Industrial Reiationft. Now, th ey have pclki power. A fellow goes o u t and there is a v iolation , h e m u st call up th e C hief, and th e CfoW says so and so, and It is too late, p o lice power belongs to the D ep artm ent of Industrial Relations. fio I w ould lik e to su ggest, Mr. Chairm an, that these three c o m m itte d get together and go over at tha sam e tim e. There fa one thin g th a t is settled for good. I have been working o n It for a long time. X called on Mr. Morrow. Mr. Sain, and th e Industrial Comm ission in dividu ally, but then was n oth in g done about th a t digest o f th e code. Mr. D avis, told you th a t h e a&W M i. Mor row and tic baa the m aterial there. I looked it over and h e asked me to approve It. It h all right. So we have com e to th e co n clu sio n now, gentlem en, if you w ant th is minl&tart cade we as labor and em ployers m u st b u y it auraelvea. We arc ju st a volu ntary organisa tio n . We can't do a n yth in g com pulsory. B u t as for as 2 am concerned, if the employers of C leveland -will get a m in ia tu re code o u t th a t w ill affect im portant trades, and give them to their superintendents, forem en, w hich they agreed to do--they did th at some yn ago--1 would lik e to ask tho com m ittee here today of tho laboring m en to go baflfc ta their organizations and ask th e ir organizations to buy some, 2 am going on record today th a t we will buy 500 in th e bricklayers, and I will recom m end it to our convention. Wt , . w in m aybe take I,00. T h at w ill be $100 at te n cents aplec. I th in k we can take can of 1 000 Now. hew m any of you fellows are w illin g here today to go back to your organisatloiu and recommend that we take these codes? (A num ber of th e representatives o f u n io n s Indicated their w illin g n ess to go aim* with the proposal). Mr. Milan Stocking, E xecu tive Secretary, Cleveland Chapter P ain tin g and DecoraUDfi Contractors of America, Cleveland, Ohio: Mr. Chairm an: F irst a q u estion . Mr. Jookel haa spoken o n o n e q uestion I had in m ind. Alan. Mr. Jockel reoommefliei or at least threw ou t th e su g g estio n o f form ing a special organization th a t would men nftener ond bo more effective in safety work. I w ouldn't like to see thin m eeting ad journed without giving that question some eonelderation. In respect to the m in ia tu re safety code: I am n o t satisfied that w e are getting any where unless we go farther than we have gone tig h t now. Som ebody has Bald, "WiU, we w ill take bold of It volu ntarily." We should have som ething m ore th a n that. Wfi should have som ebody th a t Is actu ally tak in g the responsibility and taking the necsaa&n erteps, because It should be go tten o u t quickly. Now. I am n o t satisfied, either, th a t the answer o f Mr. Morrow Is th e final answer. We are facin g tho biggest b u ild in g boom t h a t wa have ever Been, w hich m eans an Ini in of m any new workora. m any now contractors, and m any of them will n ot have the skills<s 345 ihe experience ttafefc th e old established groups have b ad . I th in k th a t th e In d u o trlal Commission sh o u ld be interested In soma special measured, and I th in k they are Justified. If tfcis m in ls tu r s code la Im p o rtan t, even If lfc does eat & precedent for m a n y o ch em why sh o u ld n 't they nloo have oopieo of th a code? Everyone la theoretically en title d to a full copy o f B u lle tin 202. They rtm. o u t of them tem porarily, perhaps, b u t It la going to cost m u c h m ore to p r in t th a t B u lletin 202 th a n to p r in t a large n u m b er o f co ndensed, versions > For th e painters. 1 will aay th a t we have had for three or four years condensation which we arc usin g and have used. Bo. ?v a re ta k e n care of eo far an th e p a in te rs are n c e n ie d or th e S tate . I t Is an excellent th in g . I t should have wide d istrib u tio n . If it means a n y th in g a t all. v?e should get them in to th e h an d s of people an d have them handy and have them carry them around in th eir pockets, and uso them . It keeps the contractor out of trouble, and it will certainly help the worker, because if he knows ttometblng ab o u t th e rules, he is going to be more careful, too. C h airm an P ear sc: T h a n k you, M ilan. I th in k o u r com m ittee can work, o n atom# c l your ideas w han they go over th a t. Y ou th re e c h a irm a n get together an d flat i t up. Mr. T, *2, W allet, Secretary a n d Business R epresentative, C arpenters' Local U nion No. 500, C olum bus, O hio: Mr. C hairm an, are you ab o u t ready to close? I thLafc o u r ch airm an hfla done a w onderful Job. I th in k we should give h im a big hand. (Applause.) ` (Thereon the m eeting adjourned.) & I FOUNDRIES SECTION Wednesday Morning Session, April 17, 1945 Thin Mwtlort of the Foundries Section o f th e AU Ohio 8iiety C ong 11 to ardor i t r.Ina-thirty o'clock by Mr. Allan Clemer. Newark. Btoye co m p a n y . Newwt Ohio. C hilrrain. Chairman Cleaver: Good m o ra le s, ladles and a esileroeii. I t Is ijrfttlfylru? to m* to a ct tw your Chairman for tb s firs!: post-w ar F ouadriss B ectim i mtititifltl of our All Qiu e n t it y CtottghMt I w ould like ia a t th is tim e a p p o in t a aom lc& iing e<sfnmltwe who will jiomiastt y o u r offlneni fa r !4?. T w ould like 10 n o irtfn ate M r. H. L P ollock of thf* O h io lira CbmpAny to #erve &a C h a irm a n of th e C n im aitso s: Mr. C. K. F errell of th e CooperCorpOlfBilon: Mr. Jotm Lacey of th e C om m erce St*! C aktlag# C om pany. H uey will th*J? finding* At th e en d of th is m eetin g . in the patft. especially in our la st m eetin g, we hare h&d AKttftttant talks on slUec*'j Today we ra going ta talk about and discuss one m ethod oi reducing till* inward, is elim inating tftlc hazard, by foundry ventilation. O ur ttmt opcaker, Mr. Jo h n M. K ane, who u Chief Engine? of th e Duet Cestrel Division aI th e Am erican Air F ilte r Corporation, has miwst recently w ritten ever*! sdJ &rt!cl*u In f o u n d r y M ogaalns. I am s u r e m o st o f you h a v a rc<l t h e m , cm, w i t h o u t u k l e i ttilr ijraora tim e from our m eeting. I would like to mtradtace a t this tu n c John Um. Chief Engineer S th e D ust Control Division, American Air P U tw Orpor*iion. M?. 3v*n<. FOt/NURY VENT! LATSON (ILLUSTRATED! Mr. John M. Kane, Chief Eftfiint-er, Dust Control Division, American Air Filter Company, Lonlsvllle, Kentucky Ms, K an*: G entlem en: Laet w&ck 1 was at the G reater New' Y ork S efety M eeting, an nA-iecnbly fthoat tix sam e ala* sa d m agnitude as th is group. The chairman o f the m eeting Wftfl a chi? w hom I knew very well, and w ith hifl brutal franknias he warned the audience ahead <i tim e th a t I had coiuUderabia of a reputation: n e t lor my peaking ability, hut my mala dem and waa for ir.y collection of la t te m slides. So consequently 1 Am going to be tiy. very brief w ith soy remarks. I hope too many af you haven't read w hat I have recently been talking about te Foundry M agailne. It yow have, why. It Is goin g to be old to all uf you. F o u n d ry v e n tila tio n tc a v cn tlJr.tio n e n g in e e r la one u t h i p iw k i In U rc s tin g of ih? v arious d u sty indujserica, w hich en c o m p a ss p rac tica lly all type of p ro d u c tio n . No i*e foundries nr alike. Your problem s cro com plicated by so d arn ed m any different $ !* t h a t a!! we can do In o discuunion of th is ty p e la iu ^ l h ig h lig h t th e th in g s th a t ysu p ro h ab ly will be m ore in te re ste d in . a n d he th in g s w here th e probicR** a re flame* b*i In co m jn o a betw een th e em ail fo u n d ry a n d th e large m e e h a n lc a l fo u n d ry : betw een $&* non-ierrtnia, your ferrous, w h eth e r Jt Is g ray Iro n . m alleable o r le d . We h av e ftlwuye h ea rt!--and t^ e r e Ls & g eneral im p ressio n ---th at fo u n d rie s fir* a dhly, d u c ty . unuftUnfftCtory placa to w ork. F ro m my ol^crvitM tm of dim ty ttuH vdrlnfJ-'Wfrlch htt b ee n Holnn tm fur q u it com a tim e, n o w --I th in k I ecu ay t h a t hi th e fo u n d ry industn I h av e i w n mans program in c le a n in g u p d u s ty co n d itio n s w ith in th e Iflat five yctn th a n any othflr fcrulujifiry w ith co m p arab le d u s t co n d ltiar. ha m ad*. th a t 1 know of. So d o n 't tet pspia nay too asu ah agfU nst y o u r tffforu. T here la n lo t of tuff *clU 10 ha doat. h u t tim g en eral m e th o d e? a tta c h o th e fo u n d ry m en he *&& th e ty p a th a t. Is geis# to tsk o car<? of thfi dtiait p ro b lem s t h a t a rc still tjlviaag u s coiuslfltfmble UOtibic atid (}hri| IncUutirlAl fiyglcKisU co n sid ern b lo hcadsich.es. 346 347 la ray t o t e m slides I am going to start o u t anti ju s t roughly ret lew certain p is s e s . Tharets n o need o my lelJtng you how to control d o s t from a gfi* bleat room. H U Undardlzod tilin g. Yen fc&ve been doing it for year. 3i is an e x i! n t way th a t you dp i t So. 1 th in k now we w ill Just darken the room slightly, move the ereeii into piac. sad we w ill get in to the m eat of the dissuasion. (Slide) In the Control of any d ust In industry, w helbef It la a foundry or any ether plant, there la one fun dam en tal th a t you have heard repealed lime in sa d tim e out. and yet 1t can t ba ovcrtmphasliseil. That. Is the only way you are albg to prevent any materiel th at the Industrial hygienist like* to call a "contam inant" from gettin g in to an itmofpher* or workroom, by picking up th a t m ateria) at the point lh at dust I* generated. O n material, whether it is dust cr smoko or funwa. gets an opportunity to disperse to your workroom, st is Just like tobacco enaoke. Jt penetrate* over your srstlro plant, end you h ave to turn your p lant laelde ou t. if you are raSying <m ventilation, and you till get poor control. I? you can control th e d ust at the p oint where it la generated from a process. the total volum e of air you need Is sm all, ih o UiniaUsiKton is positive In 1U reaction* aod jou have kept all of your m aterial way from the breathing sons o f your operator, -which u your first reason for going to exhaust ven tilatio n . In foundry work you w ill 2nd exhaust ven tilation is th e aolutlon or the fundam ental working toot hi control lu g m or. of ycur dust problem*. The ex ha us: system . or your venlUfttlon work, d oesn 't do th e Job com pletely. You have housekeeping, ed u cation of your workmen. There arc certain operations where the application of ventilation la aim a very difficultTM aometUr.es alm ost impassible--problem , unices wo do major changes to the particular job binder q uestion, Occa-sionajly in those places you have got isolation , or respirators, as the only tem porary top-gap or p rotective m easure lh a t you can uee. To Illustrate th e first com m and, th en . In d ual control, I have ebown here * p icture or a typical electric m eltin g furnace in a ite e l foundry. Q en tisl method of preventing the moke and the d ust and th e fume* from an electric m elting furnace from perm eating the entire working area, m old in g area cf your foundry, has btuu id put ventilator up In this roof. Y ou crq see how Jar away th e roof ven tilator 1 from the point where ibe amok* Is em itted from the furnace. It m eans th a t lo prevent a drift, exhauat volume* up through your roof m onitors arc frequently In th e range of SiJ.OOG to 100.000 cubic f o c i Of air ft m inute, la sp ite of volum es th a t large, which even in Ohio represent h eat laud lent, you wm Had under certain weather conditions a tendency for the amok* atill to drift. cau sin g a haze through your m olding fiocr. (Slide) I f for a m om ent w tako th a t aarne m eltin g furnace and p u t a hood or a local exh au st ven tilation application at the p oint whvre the Bmokc escapes from around your electrodes, around your slagging door and your pouring pout, you have ccn&pietely prevented *U th is dispersion up Into the workroom. v h rt It get chance to drift through tb e real of ycur foundry. /.II you have %a do Is m aintain an Inflow of air through rotaitvely (nail opening, and an exh au st volum e of 10.000 c.i.m , w ill do s for belter Job than fOOOO to 100,000 way up In th e air. as scon on the previous llde. That, fum in m entally. applies nil the way through any d u it application. Ererj aquar foot of sh eet m etal you can p u t between ft d m : producing operation and a w orkm an, it Is that m u ch more p ositive your central la going lo be, that much cheaper the co st cf yoyr control Installation. (Slide) One of the m ost difficult problem*, due lo lb# wide im ifttlon in shako-cui procedures, is th e foundry sh ek e-out. You can ca th a t you have everything again**, you. Your cnstlnga are hot. W hen you break your flask you get a r r le i of gases. You htve the therm al or stack effect from your h ot castings, and you hava fine burned i*ad lending to disperse vertically upward, and coon disperse nnd permeate ih aotlre area lhat Is expoHcd to the nhnkc-out Ktatkm. Tt all ou r enwtings were nma11. and if etll our foundarlea wrre com pletely tm chsnlM d, the foundry sh a k e -o u t problem would he "duck # o u p /` Ah you have to do la b u ild a doghouse over your sh ak e-ou t. have an o p e n lr f on th e coating conveyor aid where you upMt ycur flask, nn opening on the c i t i n g s discharge tide where your easting came off ycur vibrating sh akeout grate. Control on such a thin g i* obvious and elem entary. Maintain an Indraft through the casting dischftrfie a p in ltif, m aintain en indraft through she opening where you upset your flask, and nothing s n get out. With th e doghouse, w ith velocities of 200 lo 3<H3 feet a ml m ite through the o p e c lngi. you con control a ihake-out, Bay. four by ala, w lih a vqlurr.e as low aa 3.000 cubic 348 feat of air, U nfortu nately we d on't do that in too m any foundries. Otherwia, wo wouldn't b* talk in g about shako-out prohlem i. but it offers an idea! approach to a problem, to Jur. enclose your operation a com pletely aa possible and th en start cu ttin g aw ay the plaf where you can't have that enclosure w ithout interfering w ith the operation, and jou up coma close to having an effectively designed exhauat hood. (Slide) In tho n ex t step we have done exactly th at. Our flasks are larger, they art upset on to th e sh ak e-ou t by a m an o n each side, 00 you had to cu t away th e front eld T h e casting being larger, you b ed to m ake your castings discharge opening larger; hat boar in mJtnd we hnve still gat equate fe e t o f m etal through w hich no d u st can disperse. We have got a hood ever th e top. w hich is th e natural path that the dust and amckt w ould tend to travel, end again we can keep an Inflow of air through chose openings tad control tho sh ak e-ou t o! th a t type w ith n om in al volume o f air. As opposed to 3.060 co th e first slid, w ith a com plete enclosure, it would probably b 6,000 to ?3DGG w ith a cue* away section as m uch aa th a t. (Slide) U nfortunately, m a n y cartings have to be brought to a al:sk-out w ith an over* h eed crane. As soon a* th a t enters th e p icture your com p lete enclosure, for your over head hood, as we called th e previous tw o designs, Is out th e window . As soon ee thii happens, you do th e next beat thing. Y ou Just go bock to our prelim inary concept at b u ild in g a hous around the sh ake-ou t. You know your crane bus got to bring ibu. flask in so you can't have an yth ing beyond a reasonable dlat&nce from th e crater tin In the way of overhead projection. Your workmen have got to operate on the front Bide, at least--frequently on th e sides--In the flow of the flask and the castin gs from tka shako-nut. A aide hood la probably th e moot satisfactory general ap plication for a l&rga foundry shake-ou t. Put tho hood on th e long side, Extend th e hood as fa t over t li sh ak e-ou t hb you can w ith o u t interfering w ith your chain atldecu Your exh au st velum*, obviously, has to be much m ore th a n your enclosures th a t you could use on th e pxevtooa in stallation s. T hat particular u n it la a six b y eight shake-out and volum e Involved la i sh ak e-ou t of that size w ould bo In the neighborhood of 30.QM c.f.m . I t Is a little in teresting com m entary on foundry num. One they get ' hepped" up ca a su b ject they w ant tb s works, Lesser volum es than you norm ally encounter la foundry shake-out could bo used from the industrial hygienists' viewpoint. In o:bs word*, som e sm oke or d ust could be allow ed to spill o u t of th e exhaust zon e, and sue your dust counts would be within what we call threshold lim its. But the foundry aur o n es h e gets a Job in . he d o esn 't w an t any of that halfw ay stuff. He w onts tc i t of tb s visible d u st and em oke being picked up by the ex h a u st system , and th a t is the criterion; and when you have a criterion o f that type, you d on't need on elaborate dost cou n tin g techn iqu e, an elaborate survey of th a t operation, because w hen you arc con* tro lin g the viHible m aterial the ch&noes are very rare that the very fine on e to five ujIcmi p articles we are &1I interested In -wouldn't take th e same path ns th e visible particles. You rem em ber, it la m uch harder to deflect a baseball than It w ould bo a b alloon or a email ob ject by the airflow th a t la causing th is d u st th a t w ants to rise vertically to turn ore to the side. The practical foundry m an looks a t a sid e hood of th is type and he says. "B oy! That Is a pretty picture. T h at picture m ust have been taken w ithin o n e day of the tim e It flu Installed, because vny crane operators would have knocked it aver twa days later." I thin k th at we Jure en ou gh experience--by "we" I m ean th e foundry Industry--to verify that a hood o f thin type can be cons true taxi and w ill stay in position for yein True. It won't be pretty. You w ill get a d istortion where tlas chain hock grabs on to yea: bum per rati, or you wUl get a sw in ging flask that will batter in your quarter inch plite, hut it won't destroy the effectiveness of that hood. The reason wa are so in s if te n t on trying to get a hood at th is point, rather than Iks universal suggestion of foundry m en . "Why don't you pull dow n-draft? T h en I wont h ave anything sbova my floor lin e. I w on't have anything to Interfere w ith ray caath* flow."--la for th is reason: Look for a m o m en t w hat happena on a dow n-draft. All your d u st wants to go up. The p o in t of d ust generation on a large flask m ay ho three feet above the shake-out. You are p u llin g air downward a through th e grate, w hich la at tem p tin g to m&lc:t n velocity particle m o v in g In an upward dirocUon do an about turn W hat happen la th a t moat all of your air le a k s in right around the grate. It never in. flu en ees the airflow picture up where your source of m axim um d ust generation Is. Then you get a big flank on your sh a k s-o u t. Ju*t the tim e you need the air tin m ost, you have got sand sp illin g o u t of your flask, covering up your hake-out, blanking off your exhaust connection through the grate, or you us your shake-out hopper is i surge bin to aven nut your flow to your seed preparation equipm ent, Soon your hake-out operator, your cranEm aa. has pulled too m any flasks an d hs 340 Co* * flhflufes~out Hopper Ailed right up to the brim an d a ll you us year Mhauat eyctem ier Is a and con veying system , and th a t is on exp en sive and poor way to convey a&sd from a sh a k e -o u t hopper. (Slide) T he picture that I Just bowed on the previous elide could be represented bf Uita diagram here. The one difficulty w ith elide hoods o n a shake-out. or the difficulty with any ex h a u st system where th e operation is n o t enclosed, Is th a t such operation are subject to disruption from open doors, open windows, cross-drafts, convection currents, la other wards a pronounced flow o! air due to an open door, m oving In th is d irection (indicating) m akes 16 very difficult to prevent d u st from drifting away from th e sh a k e out tbs sam e way. You can p u t a side shield, frequently, on one sid e--Just a vertical baffle or barrier --and look What It does to your velocities. Instead of dropping off, the velocities In the earner of your ehaKe-out. Instead of dropping off to particularly Ineffective q uail t it te*. it evens th a t o u t eo you Bt sa good control at your corner as you do in ths center of your ahohe-out. In addition Eo tha^ It prevent* cross-drafts from sweeping over that hile-out grata and interfering wish the general pattern o f atr movement you are trying no m aintain Into th e sh ake-ou t area (Slide) W hen you gat Into large sh ake-outs, th e exh au st hood for that (indicating.i shska-out wa* q u ite large, 1 think the sh ak e-ou t f f u ab out 24 by 18. It is alm ost neceumuj to provide side sh ields or w ings th a t w ould enclose th e large sb&kc-out w ith a "1J" shaped enclosure. When yo u get in to castings of th a t size, th a t Is n ot so difficult because your h and lin g cl a casting le slow . T on Are n ot on tbat rapid cycle you are w ith a small flask, a n d Invariably you can m ove th a t costing Into your sh ak e-ou t an d still m aintain am ple c le a r ance on all sides of J?cur sh ak e-ou t for your sh ak e-ou t crew. More and more of our larger ehhke-oiits are b ein g exhausted by local v en tila tio n , but when we looked at th ose som e sh ake-ou ts seven or eight years ago we threw up out hands u d said, *`l l Just can 't be don.'* (SI Ido] I have concentrated eo m uch on the sh ak e-ou t operation because It la t h e on that U givin g th e foundry supetintend*i>ta th e m ost trouble. It la difficult for h im to m* in any ven tilated shake-out anything th a t la axactly lik e his, either in th e location of the ah ake-ou t or h is flow procedure to or from it. In the sand h an d lin g or sand preparation p lan ts, there is no need of dw elling very kicg. Your foundry eq u ipm en t m anufacturer has gone to extrem es in giving y o u a design <4 eq u ip m en t th a t perm its econom ical control. Tour elevator Is com pletely enclosed, All you need Is an exhaust at your elevator boot. A slig h t v en tila tio n a t your elevator head to prevent condensation In your h o u sin g , and there you have 1b. Tour san d screen la a b eau tifu lly enclosed Job. All yon have to do Is keep en ou gh air moving through the silt open Inga and no d ust can get out from your cylinder leal or your vibrating screen. In fact. It is the foundry eq u ipm en t m en th a t have been Installing elevators and conveyors and blna and screens, in their industry th a t have show n people engaged In other m aterial h an d lin g--th e ore m ining and crushin g fellows--haw to control dust. Inetetd of b ein g backward, w e have found you people have been the leaders la a num ber of dust co llectin g and ventilation application, The m ixer (Ind icatin g!. I know of no m ixing eq u ipm en t In the chem ical Industrie and la the baking Industries whore d u st hoods are so con sisten tly sunpiled as you got In yvur foundry in du stry. Onse you get an enclosure, then ex h a u st ventilation la Just clearcut. Find o u t how m uch op en in g th e d u st can get out. keep An indraft o f IM o r 200-- to extreme cases 300 or 400--fe e t a m in u te, and you have g o t th a t problem com p letely codtrolled. (Slide) W e have Just vary quickly gone from the sh ake-ou t, followed th e Kind rapidly to your and preparation p lan t, and obviously in your m lxsr you add w ater to you: and. bring you r m oisture con ten t up. and It la very rare th a t you will have a dust exposure 0 your conditioned Band Is returned to your m olding stations. It hi on very rue occasions th a t we even th in k of follow in g the Hand a lter n leave the mixer Horc (In d icatin g! 1 am going to lum p over th e clearing room and s 1 Intim ated in the opening remarks. I am going to by-pass abrasive cleaning, going to toy-paaw It ter exactly th e sam e reason as I hurrldiy w en t over your and preparation plants. For years you have been applying exh au st v en tilation to grit blast rooms, you r abhulve cleaning Jobs, your tu m b lin g m ilts. In cid en tally, you have been using it not on ly to prevent d u st escap em en t b u t to speed up and help your operation, keep your abrasives harp glvs v isib ility bo th a t th e operator can see w hat he Is doing in a grit bloat room. A little rem ark there that m ig h t Interest you. I don't care bow m uch air you pull 1 360 from a grit blast room, you will never keep the concentration su fficien tly low eo tbas It would Justify an operator In a grit b last or Band blast room being In that room with ou t p ositive proesure cou n t. As lax as d u st control ie concerned, you w ould use a lot leu air th an you would uso In abrasive cleaning, in grit blast or sand blast rooms. The volume have bnon selected to carry the d u st away fast enough so your operator cos at w hat he Is doing. T um bling m ill Is tho sam e story Your air volumes that we sp ecify for tumbling mll!i arc far abovo w hat you need for d u st control, but you want to got the sand rapidly of that m ill to filva your stars Impact against the casting w ith o u t a cushion fleet. G rinding wheels arc In the sam e category. The way to control a grinding wheel hi: been know n for at least AO years, and the thought on grinding wheel exhaust ha?en'i changed very muoh in th a t 40 years as far as your hood la concerned, which la i com b ination guard against w heel breakage and an excellent way to make exhaust air flo* over th e open or workLng edge of th e w heel nod carry tho duat Into tha exhaust oystUE T he reason for talk in g about grinding wheels la its particular significance 1b Oiiis from the standpoint th a t you do have a state code that ays you need five inch bad tectJon In your branch con n ection s. Hood auction, q u ite contrary to m o st of your opinions, is not a Judge of whtther i Job is good or bad. It ta sim ply a m easure of w hat the velocity is In th e branch duct and th e ease with which that air gets in to the branch d u c t If we con sistently followed th e five inch hood specification we w ould have to use conveying velocities In tnccS from a grinding wheel o f around fl.OOQ feet a m inute. The on ly reason for using the velocity la to prevent duat from nettling o u t In your duct, to convey U to your exhiud pr 1n your dual cot lector, when in practically every sta te in th e U nion It Is pennladik and M ttafactoiy to convey th a t w ith velocities o f 4,500 feet a m inu te. In fact, your A.PA Code has be*n adapted &a th e American Stfind&rds Association cod for exhaustive grind ing w heels and pacifies 4,503 feet a m in u te. I t m oans th a t people !n O hio. If th e y In sist on five in ch hood sectio n s, or* jtni c a u sin g rap id wear on th e d u cts d u e to t h a t u n n e m s a r y velocity for carry in g your doit along. Increasing y o u r pow er b ill to m ove th o name vo lu m e of air by a b o u t 30 per cent a n d It U Ju st one of th o se u n f o r tu n a te th in g s of w hat p ro b ab ly u n d e r p r e s e n t day though: l i an obaelete, In co rre ct re q u ire m e n t: acm etlm es toeing In ex iste n ca because or* are i little fall r e lu c ta n t to got going a n d h av e som ething b ro u g h t up to th a present Otj standards. There are several states where th e sam e situation prevails. Illin o is. Just several yrftis ago. now, elim inated th a t name situ a tio n by adopting the A.P.A, Cod. Michigan, Wlicou sin . and Ohio are th e three live in hood section states tIJ] le ft In tho Union. (SUdo) In your clean ing room, u n fo rtu n a tely you have grinding operations other than from your two wheal grind in g or sn agging pedestal. For a long tim e wc have simply ignored tho portable grinder. There la a good raoaon for it, Tho average man with i portable grinder operates over a large area. His wheel Is sm all and you d on't sea a lot el sparks flying like you do from a snagging wheel, and you forget he la probably crcatlni as m uoh or m ore line d u st than you get o n ah average 24 in ch diam eter ftnflgfiing wheel, w ith a m an cu ttin g m otal m ore rapidly h u t removing coarser particles. You aro goinf to And Increased em phasis on control of portable grinding operations, and there are num ber of ways to do it. Y ou Can use n o th in g b u t a g rin d in g w o rk a b le , pu llin g a flow o r a ir dow nw ard threu^t th a g rill La pick u p fine d u s t g e n e ra te d by yo u r p o rtab le g rin d e r I air. aorry this (lad lcatln a) happens to be n die sin k in g job, b u t the sam e th in g applies w ith n conventions eix Inch or eig h t In ch w heel of th o n o rm a l flexible g rin d in g you e n c o u n te r in you: denning roam. S h ie ld s a n th e e n d of y o u r h o n ch o s a n d b etw een y o u r o p era to rs will deflect sparjii th a t will te n d to carry, atop th e ir velocity, and they will be readily dropped down hto th e e x h a u n t system . Y our h eav y p a rtic le ca n fee m ade to drop o u t here (IndlcaUnfi' so t h a t you need low velo cities, low horsepow er, xo g et th a e x h a u s t of tho fine dun from the boot up and o u t to your d u st collector. (S lid e | On your la rg e r c a stin g s. I th in k , sooner or la te r, you a re going to go to booUi type enclo su re. T h is b o o th C Indicating) is a propeller g rlu d io g b o o th , tout th e u n t th in g applies to your fo u n d ry c lea n in g ro o m . O nce you p u t th o se p ro p o llera Into i roex w ith a n o p e ra to r hy h im self, you give th e o p erato r all th e leew ay a n d th e flexibility h* req u ires. He could g rin d w ith h is w heel In an y p o sitio n . T h e inflow of sir. lent like In your apray b ooths, w ould keep th e d u s t Irani g ettin g o u t in to th e rem ain der ot Ifc* room . S parks ca n n o t be deflected In to th e operator, an d you have an order linear ni i cleanlinwu* th a t you d o n 't get unLll you go after your portable g rin d in g operations. W ith yo u r larg er c a stin g s yo u r b o o th undoubtM U y w ould be lo tted , bo th a t yjM i 351 oonld d eliver y o u r ca stin g s to your cleaning room , you r g rin d in g room, e ith e r w ith overbead or m o n o rail cran es. I t would affect In n o w ay th e fea sib ility of th e lna tall at Ion. B o o th s of t h a t type have a n o th e r In terestin g possibility. They can be m a d e o u t of tcouatLc m a te ria l and c u t dow n th e noise In y o u r c le a n in g room appreciably. T h a t la m o th e r th in g t h a t y o u r in d u s tria l h y g ie n ist :B going to c a n e a ra him self w ith m ore a n d moro In th e fu tu re . (S lide) L et's n o t forget th e sw ing fram e g rin d e r. For yearn com pan lea t h a t m a n u |t^ u r e d th e g rin d e rs a n d d u s t collecting people tr ie d th e ir d a m d e a t to pick u p th e d u e t 'rom a aw ing fra m e w heel Tight a t th e wheel. G en tlem e n . It Ju st c a n 't be d o n e. T h e booth type of enclosure, su c h as you see here, h u been p r e tty well estab lish ed a i th a ntiafactory way of controlling swing fram e grinding operations. You an apot your war* o u tsid e th e b o o th . I t d o e s n 't in te rf ra w ith y a u r m a te ria l h andling. R elatively low salocities of ISO fee t a m in u te th ro u g h the o p en in g In back o f your casting w ill bo am pia la c o n tro l t h a t fine d u s t t h a t s ta r ts up from y o u r g rin d in g w heel. At a b o u t 4S degress you g et an a c tio n d ue to th is s tre a m of m o lten spark s th a t give you h ig h e r velocities right a t th e p o in t t h a t you need th e m to ta k e care of One d u s t. 2 am sorry th e a ille la indistinct u n d e r th is lig h t b u t you can see th e trajectory of these sparks, sparks of very heavy p a rtic le s com pared to th e fine m a teria l we ore so In te re ste d Is. b u t you c a n a c tu a lly i b spark ten d in g to go up to the sky. being tu rn ed around In Just sh o u t th a t area (in d icatin g ) a n d ta k e n b ac k In to th e room , a n d w h en you ca n do th a t w ith ap ark s you cao do th a t w ith y o u r one to five m lton m a te ria l, a n d t h a t Is one w ith a v elu m b of J.OCO to 4.0C0 c_fjtl por sw ing fra m e g rin d er, w h ic h c e rta in ly Isn 't excessive. T hat covers my Illustration and pretty m uch winds up m y song ts d dance. I h a v e I n te n tio n a lly overlooked a lot of p roblem a th a t a rc special to on. in d u s try or m o th e r. I know th a t in m y sh a k e -o u t d iscu ssio n I have skipped over a b it o f--s h a ll 2 cal It Jo b bing o r floor m o ld in g fo u n d ries?--w h ere you d n o t have a c e n tralize d sh ak ecut. We co u ld ta lk a b o u t a n y of th e specialized d e ta ils you care to if th e re la U n is fo r It to th e discussion, afterw ards C h a irm an C leaver: T h a n k you. Mr. K nnc. Mr. K ane w ill w elcome any q u e s tio n s you m ight have, o r any d isco Mian o n a r y p a rtie nr problem you have. Dr. Em ery It. H ayhnrsi (C olum bus, O hio): Do you have equipm ent th a t will ta k e etra of dust from refractories? brick grinding? Mr. K ane: An excellent question. Bear la m in d th a t every steel fou n d ry h ta an abrasive cu t-o ff uaw th a t your mafic nary o p e ra to r la u sin g an d creatin g a c o n c e n tra te d dust d u rin g a short period of tim e. The dust can bn collected vary sim ply sud very easily and th e type of hood and the type of collection eq u ip m en t you would u m w ould be boned on tw o c o n d itio n s: la your m asonary saw In a p e rm a n e n t location, or is it a p o rta b le Job th a t you h av e to ta k e fro m one sta tio n to a n o th e r? P re fe ra b ly , \me a s ta tio n a ry sy stem if you can, a n d a b o o th type enclosui 2 like b e tte r than any local hood In back of the u n it, because It gives th e oporator com plete freedom , you k n o w , to so t h is saw, to m ove h is brick back a n d fo rth . Dr. H ayhurst: Pardon me. I have in m ind the pressing of the brick against tbe side of the grimier. Mr. Kane: O. X. T hat Is a different operation. Most of the Joba I have seen have been with tha abrasive out-oJT saw to s12h your brick. You find in the m anufacture of re fractory brick th a t that Is a conventional operation where brick are held to specifications. You treat it ju st tho samo as you would on a disc grinder grinding steel, increase your exhaust volum e because you get m uch heavier con centration s of flu* dust. Exhaust the urne as you w ould w ith a disc grinder. Come up \n front o f your wheel os Tar u you can. comt over tho top. no th a t you have a clot where that refractory runs along the disc, and th your d ual collecting eq u ipm en t can be on o f tw o ot three type Y our d u s t load will be heavy a n d your m a te ria l will su ro ly be abrasive I t la d en e in refracto ry p la n ts We overlook It in your ste el fo u n d ries. I t so o ften h a p p e n s th a t a t the tim e you arc looking for d u ii problem s, the abrsaiwe cu t-o ff saw tan t o p eratin g and you are apt. to fo rg e t t h a t hot; la one o p e ra to r t h a t Is exposed fre q u e n tly to a silic a te d u al la high con c e n tr t ion 6. even if Tor in te r m itte n t period. C hairm an Cleaver; If not. I would like to ask a question. We operate a stove foundry, ta d X th in k It is typical of nil sto v e fo u n d ry o p e ra tio n s w h ere m ost of your work is sm a ll coaLings m o d e o n e ith e r squeezer or roller m achine. O ur m o ld era shovel th e ir sa n d o u t of wlnxowa. a n d ns th ey m a k e th e ir m olds th e y regress b ack to w ard th e back o f th e wall and we w e n t alo n g fo r several years w ith o u t any alUcoals. b u t now they are b eginning yj sm ack u i d ow n. 352 We were wondering what we esc do to cut down' or redno* the d uel hazard In car ah op completely turning the thin g upside down, There Id definitely & dual hazard, as only In the m olding operation hut also In the shake-out. The bake-out 3a done by baas w ith a shake-out saw and Just put right hack lota wlnrow* and we take the castings out and put the nand in. Do you have any suggestions, Mr. Kane, on haw w could help reduce that dua hazard? Ur. Kane: Suggestions wouldn't be very satisfactory, because they con be dost csU In two general ways. One is the expenditure for a lot of equipm ent, changing compleuij your procedure of abake-out, and that means going to a centralized shake-out staiiaz. When 1 say "centmHMd sh ake-ou t station.*4 1 don't nocesaArily mean on e station, but yz: w ill find a number i foundries confronted with your sam problem that you ara t o what 1 would call a oami- m echanized system. Your m olds from sh e molding states are put on a conveyor, run down and poured oc the conveyor, upset as the end i f 1L* conveyer through a, Coor grate, and. If th e casting Is flinali, casting and send are cental along to a central creeoJttff cr coating ghoke-out station. Where the castings are larn you separate the cos Ling from th e sand a t this dust tattoo, b ut Instead of dumping jtra casting, th in , over an area as large as this room, Id a comparable m olding floor art* you have six llnw (indicating). How, the nice way--although I atill don't believe you would got an operator to do H --you are actually only upeottlug castings Into one or two of thone opening at any cut tim e, and you are awfully tem pted to provide exhaust ventilation only for two or thm stations, putting cover plates on th e others. The difficultj with anything that Is left vp to an operator--! guess we would he the same way U we were doing their Job--will bi that your cover plate are left off and your exhaust ventilation Is o f questionable me unless you provide ventilation to each one o l these stations. Unless you are prepared to go to som e extreme such &a that--and it really Isn't as extrem e, probably, as it sounds n first glance-- the only thing I know is to shake-out at night, cu t your sand at night wbta you have got the fewest men possible exposed to your dust conditions. Wet your u z i ae thoroughly as the sand will stand before you e lu te out your molds. Give your ehsk*emt crew reap Irators Put u m uch general ventilation through your roof monitor u joe can produce, and keep a check oc your dust counts. In other words, there are Just the tw o extremes. One la stop-gap, purs and sbepk boc&UEfi ns iotiff ns you are m aking a dust condition over your entire area there is k way w ith reasonable exhaust volumes th a t you can keep your d ust concentrations don to what wo think of os acceptable lim its. If you do have a dual condition at your molding station during th e operation of yosa m olding m achines, Juat & alight air m ovem ent from a hood In back of your molrfisj m achine will control that very effectively and Inexpensively. Chairman Cleaver: Thank you, Mr. Kane, That helps answer our problem. Our m olding m achines ore portable. They work along a wlnrcw, and I th in k it is common to a problem th at moist stove foundries and fauntirlee that produce sm all Job cutlcjt furnace castings and things like that, are faced with. We arc doing cur shake-out at n igh t and we wet down our gangways, u n iKjuM partings, and we ora doing all we can to elim inate the duet problem, Mr. Hon Judge (Hamilton Foundry and Machine Company, Hamilton, Ohio;: Jl Kane, wftnt la recognized os the m ost desirable number of air change permitted Ux grit blast? Mr. Kane: The present day standard Is CO feet a m inute dow n-draft. That la steel ten air change a m inute In an average roam, seven to eight feat h igh. Bear Ir, lutd th at it la purely a question ol visibility. [ have seen grit bloat, particularly grit wim <i down-draft velocity of 60 feet a m inute, where visibility ho been perfectly satiafaetM? I th in k th a t w ould ba p articu la rly tr u e o n operations w here you clean cafe or thtng Of t h a t n a tu re , an d d o n 't have b heavy b u rn e d sand load. I have Been some heavy duty sand bleat rooms with sand aa th e abrasive, knocking ofi ft heavy burned and load from your castings or cores where too feet a. minute down, draft would Slave been a lo t better than 60. 80 is a generally accepted average. In addition to that, you still have som e air on your abrasive cleaner and your tlemio* head that takes your spent abrasive ou t and cleans it end returns it to your rece^er. Chairman Cleaver1: In coating about for a speaker on Foundry S afety wo final;? ta around to contacting: o friend of m ine up around Marlon, Mr. John Lacey, wx f him If he would suggest somebody to talk upon that aubjecc. He oaid. "Yes: I kno 353 leal tlw JiULO you w an t." Me eeja, "If you can got Mr. D udley o i the Ohio 6 tee] Foundry Company to com e down and talk about foundry safety , h e la the belt Individual I can think o f." Sc today, gen tlem en , have a m ail who in Secretary-Treasurer oi Ohio Steel Foundry Cwnpany, w ho la q uite a crusader for foundry safety. At thle tim e I present to you Mr. W. P. Dudley, Secretary-Treasurer of the Ohio Steel Foundry Company, who subject will be, "Foundry S a fe ty .M Mr, Dudley. "FOUNDRY SAFETY" Mr. W. P. Dudley, Secretary-Treasurer, Ohio Steel Foundry Com pany, Lima, Ohio Mr. Cleaver. LadJ&s and G entlem en: When I cam e in here I wan Introduced back hero to Mr. Kane, and he said to m e, T un joln g to lead off on th is program and I will con d uct th e prelim inaries while ;ha folks an com ing In," So I aald to him. " All right, brother. If you can g e t them in, 1 will get Hum o u t." (Laughter) Now. 2 assure you th at w hat you have heard about m e eo far Is gross exageratJon. I m not safety m an and what I don't know about safety would probably Oil all the books th a t have ever b een w ritten on safety, because I d on't profess la hs a safety te c h nician In any way. shape or form, and I impure you that U anyone expect* me to anwar my q u estion s on safety when tlhs 1a over, X am goin g to back out, beraua I am quite aure that In a m eetin g of thle kind, comprised largely of men devoting their Uvea to safety work, th a t you fellow s could tell m e thin gs that 2 have n o t dreamed of nor th o u g h t of. I m u st c f n ecessity tnlk oc. th* subject abstractly and perhaps more from th e alandpoint o f Industrial or hum an relation* than from th e techn ical problem of oafeiy, but 1 do bop that 2 can stim u la te your thin king a Ifttf* and leave som ething with you that la worthwhile. Za th in k in g ab out the m atter, th e C n t thing th a t I th ou gh t about v u the question oi why we bfive people like you g a th e r together study le g this p?oblcm of solely. In other words. Why do v?e have safety I Now. Z d on 't know w hat your thou ght U. I do know this, th a t you continually hear safety em p hasised from th e stand point of money and savings and dollar and cen ts, and there is no quostlon b u t th at at the present tim e It Is costing more and more dollars to any com pany th a t la n ot follow ing th is subject and m aking im provem ents and doing everything th ey can to p revent accident, because accidents are becom ing more costly very day. But is th a t really the fun dam en tal on w hich you m en are devoting your Ilf? 1 don't thin k bo. Som ebody has said th a t all hum an effort 1 devoted to either the com fort or the progress of man, and a little analysis will prove to you. 1 believe, that th a t li generally true. Last n ig h t 1 had th e privilege for a period of an hour o i reviewing vrlth a man who verks at our p lea t S im s that he took In travels through out the entire world. The thing vs brought hom e to m e very forcefully as he showed m o pictures c f Chinese Cooties, tho Chinese livin g In little river boat* along the Y angtze River, who were raising u. few chickens In a little chicken coop on ib is boat, who had a few pica th a t they were always taring up, preparatory to sellin g on the market. He told u s an Interesting story about them. Ite tialti they bring these boats up to the ahore and le t th e lUilmiil* off. end w hen ihcy get ready to d rift back into th e river m ty call them by nam es and the ohlchv.n or lbs pig hops back in the boat and away they go. But tho tie people are com m ercializing that fflort T hey are raising Lhi-ue th in gs for isle to other people, and 1n no doing they are engaging In their ow n rough way in comaierco. and th ey ore preparing thlngju for the com fort of the people who are not situated *o that they can raise or gTow their own. and In so doing they are also protecting their own livelih ood and trying to provide for them selves auch meager comfort* as they m ay be bio to got from their rough and crude effort. Ho show ad pictures of C hinese farmer hauling to m arket two bag of rice suspended from a bar aeriwta their shoulder*. trudging down the rod to trade the fruit oi their farm for th e o th er th in g s th a t they need. He show ed m e p ictures of Arab m ilking their goata along the countryside, and th* Ict carrier going through the treats o f tho citlM in North Africa, making hi* mrage: 408 `THE NEW INDUSTRIAL HEALTH REGULATIONS OP OHIO1' Joseph E. PlanarAn, Jr., Industrial Hygiene Engineer, Ohio Department of Health, Columbus 13, Ohio int,induction: Whenever a new code or act c l regulations 1 proposed lor adoption by an officii; agency of government, an Immediate reaction may be expected. This reaction rang? from violent objection, through tacit acceptance or the Inevitable to the leas noticeable, but equally important favorable reaction of & email but well Informed group. These re actions were expected during the development of the new Industrial health regulatioaj and they occurred. Some of the more im portant questions raised were tha following: " What authority doe the Ohio Department of Health have for the adaption of such regulations?" "What effect will these regulations have upon the payment of compen sation for occupational diseases?" "What are the penalties provided by law for a violation of these regulations?" And last, but not least, was the question as actually phrased, "Who goes to Jnil flrstr There have been, and there nre still, m any misconceptions concerning these regula tions and this discussion, today, will attem pt to give you the basis for their establishment and to answer as many questions as possible regarding the regulations. Historical: The records of th e Ohio Department of Health indicate an Interest in occupations] hygiene as long ago os 3886 -when tho first annual report of the Ohio S tate Board ol Heaitt announced th e appointm ent of a Committee on Hygiene of Occupation and Haling Sanitation. The 1807 report included &section entitled. "The Effect of Occupation Opoa tbo Health of Individuals." From 1910 to 1014, the Bureau of Vital Statistics of the Staii Board of Health published annual tables of occupation vs. causes of death, In 1913, tin General Assembly passed two legislative bills; one, which authorized th e Board ol Hoftltt to make an investigation of occupational disease and appropriated $7,000 for 1013 ed the same am ount for 1014 for this purpose: and the ether, which required every physician in Ohio to report certain occupational diseases to the State Board of Health. This re quirement, as amended in 1920. was extended to Include several other occupational dis eases and contained the dauae. "and not excluding oth ers" so that an overall raporttag requirement was secured. The legislature also passed the so-called "Lead Law" In 1913 which gave the State Board of Health Jurisdiction over the health of workers in industries which manufactured lead and certain lead compounds. This early activity and legislation represented an extremely progressiva Attitude toward the recognition of the importance of occupational diseases in Ohio and, as a result at this legislation, ft Division of Occupational Diseases was created w ithin the Board ol Health on May 13, 1923. This was the first such State division in the U nited Sfeitea. In com pliance with tba 1913 legislation (Joint House Resolution Na. 12), Dr. Emery R. Hayhurst and his associates made a detailed survey of industrial health problems and occupational dleoasea in Ohio. The report of ttata Burvcy to the legislature in February, ISIS, covered 1,081 work places employing 235.984 wage earners, or about half of tbosa industrially employed in the state. It is interesting to note hero that, at tha present time, there arc over 2.809,000 workers and over 20.0DC manufacturing plants alone in Ohio The number of service Industrial ejitubilshmcniB exceeds 35,000. Other activity of interest was the formation of Ihe Ohio Industrial Ocmmlaaicn to 1912: the designation of 15 specified occupational diseases as compensable dlasaaes to 1921; the creation of the Division of Safety mod Hygiene by tJie Industrial Commission to 1924: and the gradual extension of the compensable occupational dltGaae schedule by tht Industrial CommlnuJon until, in 1940, a fin d Item Ho. 23 wan add ad to designate, "All other occuputionul dlMosea," hs compensable dlaeaaea, The activity of tho Ohio Department of Health from 3913 to 1936. in the field of In dustrial hygiene, was very commendable but was hampered seriously by a BhcreajjB tA funds and. therefore, of personnel. Prom 1936 to 1940, the Department carried out i survey of exposures to toxic materials in industry end accumulated m uch statistical material. This activity was aided by funds from the U. 8. Public Health Service by virtue of the provisions of the Social Security Act and approval of the subsidy by the Ohla General Assembly and by the then Governor of Ohio. 'H W Prom 103A to 1943, the O hio D epartm ent o f H ealth -carried on no industrial hygiene activities other th an a con su ltin g service for th e benefit of industrial nuraefl. In 1843. because of wartim e conditions, technical experts were secured from the . 8, Public Health Service to assist the D epartm ent in th is field. W artime activities included a co operative program w ith th e C ontin uou s S ecurity D ivision of the Army, a foundry study for the War Manpower Com m ission, an in ten siv e scientific in vestigation of the health hazards In the beryllium industry In Ohio, and hand lin g of m iscellaneous requests for service. Development c t H ealth Regulations! Section 1237 o f th e Ohio G eneral Code, in aiatin g the general powers and d u ties of the Department, aays in part, "the state board of health shall have supervision of all matters relating to th e preservation of th e life and health of th e people. . . It has been painiully apparent th at, althou gh Ohio w as one of th e loaders In in du strial health activities in the nation, th e D epartm ent of H ealth has relied upon piecemeal legislation for a great many years and has n o t taken advantage of its primary responsibility to develop * strong co ordinated and su stained program to protect th e h ealth of the Industrial workers by attem pting to m in im ize the occurrence of occupational dis cam. T h e problem of occupa tional disease is one cl the pressing problems in th e He'd o f public health and the exist ence of a working population of over 2,600,000 people In Ohio, plus the fact, th a t Ohio generally la considered to rank fourth in Im portance industrially In th e country, em pha sizes th e Increased im portanco o f th e problem from the tim e o f the orginal 1513 Investi gation. The im portance is em phasized further by th e large num ber of occupational dis ease reports w hich ate mode to the Ohio D epartm ent of H ealth each yaar, by th e great diversification of industry In Ohio, and by the w ell-know n fact that new m aterials and process of w hich little is know n are being introduced rapidly and continuously o n the Industrial scan. An ex a m in ation of rules, regulations and codes of other Ohio agencies also haa shewn that primary em phasis has been placed upon the prevention of accidents and that efforts to control occup ational diseases occupy a m inor part of th e overall program. In th e field of accident prevention, codes have been developed w hich are specific codes to cover specific case; certain types c l safeguards are provided for certain types o f m achines, tc. By m eans o f niach codes, industry knows exactly where it stand s insofar an com pliance ts concerned and a good ducation nJ and enforcem ent effort has been made possible In Ohio. The Ohio D ep artm ent o f H ealth as not. and can n ot be, concerned w ith th e field of accident prevention ns such, but it is concerned w ith the absence of regulatory measures Bfi they relate to th e occurrence o f occupational diseases, and w ith the advisability of establishing such regulation both for the protection of Individual workers so d lor the guidance and protection of industrial management. The development of m ethods of prooedure, d etectio n -of sm all am ounts of toxic Im purities in th e atmosphre su d the accumulation of information regarding th e toxicological properties of m any hazardous materials has progressed trem end ously sin ce th e early days and In particular since IflM. The progrs has been so noticeable through out the country th a t approximately 15 atatea have adopted regulations for th e prevention and control of occupational diseases which include a tab le of m axim um allow able concentrations for various atm ospheric con ta ru inants. In som e of these states, the codes or regulations were adopted by the Industrial Accident C om m issions; by th e H ealth D eportm ents: or by th e Labor Departments, and In a few cases Joint Jurisdiction exists on this matter. In. th e la tte r part of November, 1545, th e Director af H ealth of the Ohio Departm ent of Health directed an inquiry to the Attorney General which requested advice as to the Jurisdiction of the Ohio Public Health Council in adopting regulations establishing max imum allow able con centration s for substances dangerous to public health. In view o f the duties laid u n h the D epartm ent of H ealth by various legislative enactm ents in former years, A copy o f the suggested regulations was attached to th is inquiry. On Decembar 3, 1945, O pinion No, G8 was issued by th e Attorney G eneral which states In ita Syllabus, "T he Public Health Council ol the state departm ent of health has a u th ority p ursuant to S ection * 1232 at seq, o f th e General Code to adopt regulations establishing maximum allowable concentrations for substances u sed in industry -which are dangerous to public health.*' T his o p in io n traced th e origin of the original sta te board of health, the transfer of all powers and d u ties of the board to the present departm ent of health, the creation o f the public health council, and the duties of that council. Referring to th e duties of th e council, Section 1235 of th e General Coda reada in psrt as follow s: "It sha21 be the duty or the public health council and it shall have the power: (a) To make and am end sanitary regulation to be ol soneccl applica tion throusbout the state. Such sanitary regulations shall be known u the sanitary code.'* In discussing th e word "sanitary," the opinion reads a fellows: "The word U n ita r y 1 is a word having wider meaning than the pre vention of the spread of contagious or infectious dJaflWies. Webster's Dic tionary defines it thus: "Of or pertaining to health; designed to secure or preserve health," While the Uw very naturally placet) emphasis upon regu lations designed to prevent the spread of communicable? diseases in view ol the obvious fact that they m e? become epidemic, it does not appear to be the policy of the law to lim it the powers of either the state or local health authorities to the Bprcad of contagious or infectious diseases hut rather to guard the public health in every possible way and from vary m enace." in ferrin g to Sections 1243-1 t seq., ilcn cia l Code, providing ler the reporting d occupational diseases to the state health department, the Opinion Bays: "Presumably the public health council WU1 use this Information as tho basis for regulations to cofitrol and suppreaa the cause of such tilseaees.*' This Opinion 609 also considered the powers and duties of the Ohio Industrial Coom lssion and tfea Ohio Department o f Industrial Uelstloua and says In part. 'Accordingly, it la my opinion that nothing In the laws relating either to the Industrial Commission or to the Department of Industrial Relatione, in any manner prohibits or limits th e powera of the Department of Health through Its public health council In enacting penal regulations of n genor&l character designed to preserve and protect the public health, and in extending such regulations to cover occupational dlMASm.*' The opinion also dlaca&scd the possible action of courts of lavr regarding relet & health departments. In. one ease cited in the opinion, th e court discussed the ouMtload the right of the legislature to delegate Its lawmaking power to tlie public health csucdJ and declared the authority given to &public h e a lth council, and aimUar health autborldii to adopt and enforce regulations was not on unlaw ful delegation of legislative power. In view of the Attorney Ocneral'e Opinion on thla matter, a draft of th e proposed it*ulatJona was prepared, dletrl touted according to luw, and a publlo bearing was called beint the Ohio Public Health Council on January 13, 1946. At this sutno time, the Ohio Mrid f&oturens* Association wm notified w ltii the Idea In mJnd of securing consultation ud ad vice from that group and their representative Industries Between this notification id the January 13th cate, aevoral conferencea were field w ith legal and technics! groups r<^ resenting industry, with lwo large labor organizations In Ohio, and w ith private ccnceaa interested In the prapoaod regulations. Ah a rflguH of this activity, the initial draft was revised and the hearing was bald u scheduled cm January 13th. At that tim e the Public Health Council recognised reQUtttt for a delay in final action and another hearing was se t for February 16, 1M6- During tbb one month period, we received only hve auggealiens for mod Iflcation of the second daft, and cn February 16th the Public Health Countil approved the regulations to beeoof effective on January 1* IW5. Hegulatlon*: As adopted at the Fcbiuwry 20lh mooting of the Ohio Public Health Council, the nw industrial health reguircmeut will become Rcifulullone 244 through 256 of the Ohio Sani tary Codo. Sleyultitione adapted by tho Public Health Council and constituting the Ota Sanitary Codo the force and oifcct of atnlutnry law and a penalty fixed by law <a bo Uivokud for fallure or ruOisutl to comply w ith tht? provision nf such reeulations. ffi will not attem pt to read ihca icgiilatlutu in thnlr entirety but Regulations 244. 245. and 253 arc deserving of special m ention At this time. Regulation 244 entitled "Application Df R egulations" reads u follows: "These regulations eliall apply to every place of employment and particularly to ihoso places of employment where a work or process la carried on by which dusts, fum es, rnl*is, vapors, gasefl or auvlronmeotal conditions of a harmful nature aro produced or generated, or exist Indepondeotly of the work or process, which may be inhaled, or absorbed, or In any other manner enter the body in quantities or concentrations that constitute harmful exposure as hereinafter defined." 411 Thin regulation indicates the e*neral applicability of these resulultone and no further onameiit la necessary here. R efills Uton 145 entitled "ModlflCAtlon-" roads m follow! "When strict compliance wills all of the provlaione of this* regula tions would involve undue hordahip, the Ohio Deportment of Health may, upon application m writing, permit modification of the requirement* when protection practically equivalent to that required by these regulations has been provided. The application for modification of any of these regula tion* in any particular case ehaJl be accompanied by a full statement of the existing conditions and the reason* for requesting such modification. Any m odification grafted under th e provisions of ib is paragraph shall be limited to th e particular case covered by the application for such m odification/' This regulation Is a recognition by the Ohio Department of Health that no code or tel of rule* cun be written which will cover each and every possible combination c f cir cumstances which m ight arise. It also recognizes that. In some case, a re-evaluation of a articular health hazard may be advisable in order to avoid an undue hardship. The two introductory paragraphs of Regulation 217, entitled "Harmful Exposure" rrad as follows: `"(1) No employer shall use or permit to be used In the conduct of bis bwIncas, manufacturing establishm ent or other place of employment, any procoau, m aterial or condition known to have an adverse effect on health, unless reasonable provisions have been mad to prevent Injury to tho health of the employees and of the public. " (2) The concentration of duets, fume*, m ists, vapors, or gss, In the air breathed by employees shall c o t exceed the following maximum allow able concentrations for an 8-hour daily exposure/* Immediately following tile* paragraphs Ifi a table Hating the maximum allowable concentrations far gases and vapors, metallic dusts, fumes, mists and vapora, other dusts u d fumes, mineral dusts comprising asbestos and free silica, and radiation. The regula tion Is then completed by an explanatory note which amplifies some of the important Itemi such as sam pling technique, analysis of sample, temporary concentrations la cess of those Hated, the method of determining free *11lea and a statement on th# method of dust counting. This Regulation 247 Is the most Important single regulatory provision of the group. In order to adm inister this regulation, It la essential th a t exposure lo any of the materials listed In th e table of maximum allowable concentration ba evaluated on a quantitative] baala. It gives industry and lAbor a series of reference points or levels which, if exceeded. *111 establish working conditions that are hamrdous to the health of people exposed It remotes the valuation of health hazards from the pnrtly inspection cllass of activities. The values Included are based upon the m ost recent Information availabla from all of the Kates which have industrial hygiene units In either their health departments or their labor departments. At the present time, this m eans that we used the Information ob tained from two state department* of labor and from shout 42 state in a local health departments. In addition to these sources, reference was made to standards prepared by the American Standards Association, to toklcologleal Htoratiiru ns represented by publica tions like the Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, to the practice of the Xnduiiiti Hygiene fou n d ation of Amorica located at the Mellon InstJtuLe In Pittsburgh, and u> the o p in io n s of recognized experts In Industry, and prlrato research organizations. As a result of com m unications, conferences, telephone Ole. Mid perianal visit*r many changes were made In this table baler* It reached its present form. On of the m ost Important changes was the defection of su ch Items as gasoline, arsenic, mcnoehlorolttijxefle, dour Ides. Mveral glycols, slat*, cement, m lcs. and talc from the table because there was n o t suffi cient toxicological evidence to warrant their Inclusion at th e present time. Under th e Explanatory Not* In Regulation 247, the aectlon regarding temporary ex cessive concentrations deserves comment. This action (3) of that note reads as follows: 'Tem porary concentrations In excess of the maximum allowable conc o n tm lo n e listed shall not be perm itted If exposure to such concentrations lor a period cf one hour or less may result In any adverse effect an health *a ttet-snsalned hy the Ohio Department of Health/* This section recognizes the fact that exectolvcly high concentration*! do exist for short 412 periods of time during certain *nduetr:al operations aud that ueh abort duration o poflure may not be a violation of this rasulRtlon. Section (4] of th is sam e Sxplnruitory Vote states: "For the purposa oi the bore maximum allowable concent rations for *ca, the free allies co n ten t sh all be the per cen t of iron aillca In the fraction of the alt-borne dust In the breathing aono of the workers th a t in sm aller than 5 micron* In m axim vim diam eter." Thl m ethod of evaulntlng the exposure to harmful free aillca in dusty aim oapieia repre-sente a departure from the generally accepted procedure of moat health expert*. TJw m eat recent m edical evidence indicates th a t only particles sm aller than 5 m icrons in ita aTa harm ful m far as th e p ossibility of producing silicosis is concerned. A nalysis of settJal duata in ioundrle*. potierlfifi, etc., often give different result than exam in ation cl thi air-borne dusts in tha sam e p la n t By thla m ethod we will obtain n direct m easure of (hi actual am oun t of harm ful d u st breathed by the workere. The analytical m ethod involves th e application of X-ray diffraction techn iqu e follow ing a separation of the collected dun in to f tact Iona w hich are larger ruid sm aller than a mlcrona. The techn iqu e ie n o t simple and th e labor involved is conaldorabi-. The results, however. wJli be very m uch cart reliable than have been thosa from farm er studies. T his procedure will b Identical to tin; used by the Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America, R egulation 252 deals w ith violation of these regulations and reads as follow s: "A violation of any of tho provlslcns of tlio foregoing regulation or failure fca comply w ith uny orders made pursuant thereto by the D ep a rt m ent of Health shall subject th e perenn so violating or failure to com ply to the penalties provided by law." In con n ection w ith th is re*: at ion. we r*ier (o Section 1241 af the Ohio General 0<xJ< w h ich is entUlad "Troacovatlan and Proceed in pi.'* lr. effect. it eay* thal the Inwa outlinlrn th e m ethod* of procedure, court, pen alties, etc., applicable to local board* of health stall apply to th State Board of Health. O hio Gancm i Code, S ection 44H , en titled "Penalty for V iolations" fltatea th a t an indi vidual w ho obstructs, interferes w ith or om its to obey an order or regulation o f the basrt of h en lth shall he fined not more th an o n e hundred dollars or Imprisoned n o t longer Uian n in e ty days, or both. Mo one shall be imprisoned for & first offense, however. S ection 4015 of th e O hio General Code, en titled "V iolation by a Corporation" eatafc. iLsfcca ft due of n ot more than three hundred dollars and also provide* for th e fine Aai Im prisonm ent of any officer of a corporation having authority over the m atter who per m its a violation oT a regulation. T h ese section* o u tlin e all th e p en alty provisions and need little com m ent, other than the fact that only the Ohio D epartm ent of Health can in stitu te proceedings under the section s s far an these regulation are concerned. T h e other regulation of the group are concerned w ith method of control of Atmos p h eric co n tam in an ts such as ven tilation ; w ith the use and care of personal respirator eq u ip m en t; Isolation of hazardous operation: san itation In th e plant; end warning at health liazardi. 'Whenever possible, th e control m ethods to be used In a g lvri case depend upon the d ecision of tho p lant m anagem ent. Tim retfuiktlon <uw n ot m andatory w ith regard to the type of control to he Installed, The final Judgment of the adequacy af control will hi m ade only after referral to th e m andatory provisions of R egulation 247. and to th e spacifle m axim um allow able concentration for th e m aterial rotacorned. RefarrLng to respirators, the Ohio D epartm ent of Henlth w ill approve only those de vices hearing the etntnp o f approval issued to the mwr.ufacturer of the respirator by the U. S- Bureau of Mines. The use o f any o th er sc-cailasd respirator where exposure to a w x ic m aterial occur, offers a false cen se o f secu rity to th e worker, to the foreman, to tb* safety departm ent and to m anagem ent. Wo Also will recom m end the use of respirator on ly secondarily to good engineering control. They nre for Jobs of sbnrt duration and far em ergency rtstposm which ca n n o t bu nvoklrd a i the particular tim e or place. Adm inistration of Regulations: On of th e keys to eventual eueccsfi Jn reducing lh Incidence of occupational dbeafis In ObJo ia th e Jntolllgant ad m inis tret Ion o f t h * regulations by the Ohio Department of Health. The fact th a t these regulation* w ill besom* part of the Ohio Sanitary Code on. J a n u a r y l. ISM*. guarantees th a t the D epartm ent of H ealth bra a firmer and more epeelia busts u p on which to act in thlw field th e n a t nny tim e *lnce 1913. Former legislation ta* been partly devoted to tho basic principles o f control and partly to application of specific 413 con uroI measure e illustrated by the old "'UvAd U w " and the regulation providing for the prevention of mercury poisoning in the hat Industry, (flog- 241, O fl.C .). The regulation! discussed today provide lor th e evaluation of dangerous exposure* In industry at large by the application of scientific m ethods an a q u an titative basis. There are no exception allowed in th e overall application o these rtigulatlona, and no arguulzallon other th a n the Ohio D epartm ent of H ealth will be in a position to adm inister t h e regulations. -Although som e of the foregoing remark* may sound extremely dogmatic, it is n o t the intention of this Deportm ent to take these regulations into the field and start an Intensive starch for apeeifle violation on a plant to p lant basis, merely for the sake o t ilin g the violations and im posing the penal tice provided by law. it also la not th e In tention o this Departm ent to lim it Its activities to the evaluation of the working conditions w hich are responsible for each specific esse of occupational dtsenee which Is reported to the Ohio Department of H ealth, although reported occupational diseases w ill he used In a general manner to gu ide the D epartm ent In preparing Its program because they indicate w hich industries are the m ost hazardous over a period of time. It should be m en tion ed , at th is point, th a t oar work will have no connect Ion w ith specific occupational disease claim* which may he hied w ith the Ohio Indas trial Com* mission. The fact th a t an occupational disease ifl reported to th e Ohio D epartm ent o Health docs n ot m ean th a t a claim for com pensation has been filed with the Industrial Commission and we aro not interested, nor do we have any Jurisdiction, In the claim phase d this work- The existence of tbeoe regulation also does not affect the procedure or methods of awarding or disallow ing clulm s in Ohio. The approach toward the control of occupational disease hazards will be based upon Industry-will stu d ies In cooperation wir.h industrial m anagem ent and labor and. In m any cases, with th e assistan ce of tech n ical personnel am ployed by industry itself. Por exam ple, much work Is needed in evaluating hazards in the foundry, ceram ic, pottery, steel, rubber, or.d gloss Industries and such work should he based upon ixifinsit-y-wide studies :n order to accum ulate data w hich ara statistically ilgn lllean t w ith regard to exposure th em selves and to control m easures generally. Some of the studio* may require cooperative venture with other group w hich are In a position to carry o a necessary tonieological tudlcw or vcxLtllAtlon ntudles. T h e program, as envisioned at this tim e, Is in many respecta a lo u g rsnge program based upon a necessary cooperative approach by ah concerned, In form a tion which may be p ublished In any given eld will n o t divulge the idntity of individual plants but will bn valuable for general application throughout the industry concerned Individual requests from m anagem ent, labor, individuals, and other tate cfflciaJ p en d es will also be & basts for activity In this fitid. but the self-initiated studies w ill comprise the largest pert of our activity. Reports w ill be prepared on nil activities and will be subm itted directly to plant m a n agement In ail coses w ith the exception of requests from sta te ofUrlel agencies, and in this caso, a dupMcata report will be forwarded to the m anagem ent concerned. This w ould apply tc Instances w here requests for service are received from the Ohio Industrial C om mission and the Ohio Industrial fteistlona D epartm ent. Any departure from u eh a pro cedure will u nderm ine th* confidence which is necessary between th is D epartm ent and industrial m anagem ent and will be fatal to continued procreas. The Ohio D epartm ent of Healt also w ill carry on an Intensive educational program os port of Itn usual a ctiv ities in th e field of industrial health. This phase of the work is considered to he m ast Im portant, and will be of such scope that It will include m edical, nunsing, and engineering activities an well ts problem s in the field of general h ealth ae they m ight be applied to th e industrial p opulation. It Is our Intention, as well, to u tiliz e the eon fere hen or round tab le dlscuaslon approach to such problema in our various district ihro-aghout th e sta te b oth for th e benefit of m anagerial, safely, and labor groups. Intervlce train in g programs can he established to train in du strial representative in tec h niques and method* of in du strial hygiene where a p lant Is interested In establishing and maintaining an adequate cheoklDg system for Its hazardous operations. W ithout on over11 program of education, b oth m anagem ent and labor groups could struggle for long period* of tim e before rcaolvlng rtlffarcncpH where health hazards arc uepacted in thulr planta, The preceding discuKslon of the regulations ll)rm*elvea, and Iba present discussion of the proposed adm inistra tinn of these regulations clearly indicates that the Ohio D ep ort ment of H ealth la concerned w ith m field of activity w h ich has become increasingly com plex through out the years. T h e adm inistration of th ese regulations dem ands th a t th e Department u tilize th e servio o the moat com petent personnel that can be aecuredThere is very IlLtlo roam, far an individual who can q u a lify only na an inspector, and. 11 the level of operation is lim ited to inspection, the en tire approach to this problem will be a com plete w aste of lim e and of th e taxpayers money. 414 E x p e rie n c e d m e d ic a l, c h e m ic a l, a n d e n g in e e r in g p e r s o n n e l m u ts t b e s e c u re d . T h e meat d ire c t a n d c o n tin u o u s c o n ta c t -w ith in d u s tr y w ill b e m a d e b y o u r e n g in e e rin g re p re se n ta tiv e s lo c a te d In d is t r ic t o ffic e s In O h io . I n t h is c o n n e c tio n , w o T e fe r t o a v e ry d e fin ite and c o m m e n d a b le l i m i t a t i o n w h ic h la p la c e d u p o n th e O h io D e p a r tm e n t o f H e a lth b y tb t E n g i n e e r s f i n d S u r v e y o r R e g i s t r a t i o n A c t p a s s e d b y t h e G e n e r a l A s s e m b l y I n 1933 and a m e n d e d I n 1935, 1937, a n d 1943. T h e f o l l o w i n g q u o t a t i o n Is m a d e f r o m t h e a c t : " S e e . 1683- 1. T h a t I n o r d e r t o s a f e g u a r d l i f e , h e a l t h , a n d p r o p e r t y , a n y p e rs o n p ra c tic in g o r o ffe rin g to p ra c tic e th e p ro fe s s io n s o f e n g in e e rin g o r o i s u r v e y i n g , s h a l l h e r e a f t e r b e r e q u i r e d t o s u b m i t e v id e n c e t h a t h e 1b q u a lifie d so to p ra c tic e a n d s h a ll h e re g is te re d as h e re in a fte r p ro v id e d ; a n d It s h a ll be u n la w fu l fo r a n y p e rs o n to p ra c tic e o r to o ile r to p ra c tic e th e p ro fe s s io n s o f e n g in e e rin g o r o f s u rv e y in g . In th is s ta te , o r to u s e in c o n n e c tio n w ith h i n a m e o r o th e rw is e a ssu rn a . use. o r a d v e rtis e a n y title o r d e s c rip tio n te n d in g to c o n v e y th e im p re s s io n t h n t lie is a p ro fe s s io n a l e n g in e e r o r s u rv e y o r, u n le s s s u c h p e rso n hoa b e e n d u ly re g is te re d o r e x e m p te d u n d e r th e p ro v is io n s o f th is a c t" " B e e . 3033- 2. T h e t e r m " P r o f e s s i o n a l E n g i n e e r * ' u s u s e d t n t h i s n e t s h a ll m e a n a p e rs o n w h o , b y re a s o n o f h is k n o w le d g e o f m a th e m a tic s , th e p h y s ic a l s c ie n c e s , a n d th e p rin c ip le s o f e n g in e e rin g , a c q u ire d b y p ro fe s s io n a l e d u c a tio n a n d p ra c tic a l e x p e rie n c e , is q u a lifie d to e n g a g e In e n g in e e rin g p ra c tic e as h c re ln n lte r d e fin e d . T h e p ra c tic e o f p ro fe s s io n a l e n g in e e rin g w ith in th e m e a n in g a n d In te n t o f th is a c t in c lu d e s a n y p ro fe s s io n a l s e rv ic e , s u c h as c o n s u lta tio n . In v e s tig a tio n , e v a lu a tio n , p la n n in g , d e s ig n , o r re s p o n s ib le s u p e rv is io n o f c o n s tru c tio n o r o p e ra tio n , In c o n n e c tio n w ith a n y p u b lic o r p riv a te ly o w n e d p u b lic u tilitie s , s tru c tu re s , b u ild in g s , m a c h in e s . e q u ip m e n t, p ro e easea, w e rk a o r p ro je c ts , w h e re in th e p u b lic w e lfa re , o r th e a a fe g u a rd in g o f life , p u b lic h e a lth o r p r o p e r ty Is c o n c e rn e d o r In v o lv e d , w h e n s u c h p ro fe s s io n a l s e rv ic e re q u ite s th e a p p lic a tio n o f e n g in e e rin g p rin c ip le s o r d a ta ." T h e p ro v is io n s o f t h is a c t h a v e b - e n a d h e re d to b y th e D iv is io n o f S a n ita r y E n g in e e r- ln g o f th e O h io D o p a rtm e n t o f H e a lth s in c e e n a c t m e n t i n 1933. a n d t h e r e q u ir e m e n t * fo r e n g in e era to b e e m p lo y e d In o u r D iv is io n o f I n d u s t r ia l H y g ie n e w ill b o n o less a k ifl In t h i s r e s p e c t. T h e R e g is t r a t io n A c t r e q u ir e s t h e in d i v i d u a l t o p a s s a n e x a m in a tio n in h is fie ld a n d a ls o re q u ire s & m in im u m o f fo u r y o a rB e x p e rie n c e fo llo w in g g ra d u a tio n fro a n a c c re d ite d e n g in e e rin g c o lle g e , u n iv e rs ity o r te c h n ic a l s c h o o l. W e w ill e n d e a v o r to e m p lo y re g is te re d c h e m ic a l e n g in e e r fo r th la w o rk e n d In d u stry a n d la b o r m a y b e a s s u re d t h a t th e p e r s o n n e l w ill be th e m o s t c o m p e te n t a n d e xperienced w h ic h c a n b e o b ta in e d In th e fie ld . S u p p le m e n ta r y n e c e s s a ry s e rv ic e a ls o w ill b e a v o ilA b li i n t h e f i e l d s o f m e d i c i n e a n d c h e m i s t r y t o r o u n d o u t t h e p i c t u r e . A d d i t i o n a l s e r v ic e s fat th e fie ld s o f n u t r it io n , tu b e r c u lo s is c o n t r o l, a n d v e n e re a l d is e a s e c o n tr o l a ls o w ill b e a vail a b le th ro u g h th e re s p e c tiv e d iv ta lo n a o f th e O h io D e p a rtm e n t o f H e a lth . T h is e n t ir e d o v e lo p m o n t la o n e m o re e x a m p le o f th e t r e n d to w a rd s p e c ia liz a tio n both in re e p e c t t o I n d u s t r ia l h y g ie n e its e lf, a n d to th e p e r s o n n e l n e c e s s a ry t o c a r r y o n the re q u ire d w o rk . T h e re a re th o s e w h o d e p lo re s u c h an In c re a s in g tre n d In life 's a c tiv ity b u t. w it h in c re a s in g s c ie n tific k n o w le d g e c f d ls o n s o a n d t h e ir c o n tr o l, th o fie ld o f p ub lic h e a lth h a s b e c o m e to o b ro a d to e x p e c t a n y o u o m a n to b e a m a s te r o f Its m a n y arts, c t o b e a m a s t e r n f a ll p h a s e s o f a n y o n e p a r t i c u l a r b r a n c h . L i f e is t o o s h o r t t o e x p e c t me a n e x p a n s io n o f in d iv id u a l ta le n t, fin d , a t ih e s a m e tlitio . to e x p a c t th n t a s n tlH /a c to ry jo t W ill b o d a u e tn b p a rtic u la r p h a se . T h o O h io B o a rd o f H e a lth h a d th e v is io n to re c o g n iz e th e p o te n tia litie s o f th e occu p a t i o n a l d is e a s e p r o b l e m a e a r l y a s 1913 a n d w o b e l ie v n t h a t t h o e n a c t m e n t o f o u r to o n re c e n t re g u la tio n s c o n c e rn in g in d u s tr ia l h e a lth p ro b le m s w ill p la c e O U Id o n c e a g a in ai t le a d e r a m o n g th e s e v e ra l s ta te s , a n d w i l l c o n s tit u te a s ig n if ic a n t c o n t r ib u t io n tow ard In c re a s in g th o p u b lic 's o o n a c lo u p n e s s a n d in te r a c t in a m a tte r w h ic h , Jn th e lo n g m . a ffe c ts so m a n y th o u s a n d s o f fa m ilie s in th o S la te o f O h io . C h a irm a n B e rk e y : M r. E r n ie B e c k , w h o h a s tra v e lle d y e a r a fte r y e a r a lo t o f ja lla . w h o h a s s h o w n ao m u c h In t e r e s t in th e s e m e e tin g s , la h a r e a g a in t h is m o r n in g a n d fa rt a l w a y s g o t s o m e t h i n g i n t e r e s t i n , s o m e t h i n g g o o d t o t e l l u s . M r . B a c k . I w o n d e r 11 you w ill sa y s o m e th in g a t th la tim e ? M r . B e c k : W e l l , w e ' v e h e a r d a l o t a b o u t s t a t i c . I t t a k e s a m a n l i k e P r o f e s s o r Beaefc t o c o m e h e r e a n d t o l l u s a f e w o f t h o t h i n g s t h a t h e 's b e e n s t u d y i n g o n a n d I'v e fcwa s t u d y i n g s o m e o f h i s w o T k a &a h e k n o w s , e n d t h e h o y s I n A k r o n h a v e b e e n c lo f lt r to 41D Professor Beach than I have because 1 understand he has pent many hours Is Akron cd this problem oX sta tic control. We have fires In industry and we have firos in th e rubber industry, m any ol them, but w hat pleases m e Is the con trols th a t we have over those fire. I d other words. It's n ot What we know , but w h at we do about lc, Now wq haven't all th e answers on static, h u t wo have som e of the answers on fir* control, and li I m ight m en tio n th e com pany th a t I represent, wa have over forty p lan ts, representing over <200,000.000 insured value end probably another $100,000,000 of finished goods and goods In process, and we keep a very careful record o f every th e and the lose of every tire. We have a fire contest. I d on't know w hether you ever heard of a fir con test or not. 3 never did u n til 1 was told to start one, and I locked around and couldn't get m uch help, i all I did was took th e severity and frequency of fires and we took the severity o f Area compared w ith the Insured value and the frequency of Area, and we m ultiplied the two rates and we got a q u o tien t th a t we could use. Alongside of th a t we p u t our loss ratio. Six years ago we had a fire Iras, United States Rubber Company, in clu d in g the Canadian plants, o f w hich wo have about eight, of something like $35,003 a year. T h e n ext year we cu t that down to $40,000 and th e n ex t year tc $35,000, and the n ext year to about $30,000, $35,000. Every year us reduce our Arc looses. I went to th e Factory M utual whom we a:t admlro and I naked our Insurance carrier who happened to be the Arkwright, how our Tatlo compared with others, and 1 wan very m uch pleased and surprised w hen he told xilg th a t we were below their average for our Insured vMuea. T h at pleased m s and X knew that we co u ld n 't continue th a t way, and runs enough last year, according to the old law of averages, we got a wallop and our fire losses last year were Just double w hat they were tho year before. But two of th o se ilree were responsible for about half of our loess. Now a strange th in g did happen. During those fifteen years, fellows, we Increased our fires a hundred per cen t. Now 1 th in k one reason for the increase tn fires was the increase In interest, In reporting fires. In other words, It's not w h a t you know but what you do iiioat it. We w ent after tho reporting of those fires, and wo found o u t that many ol th em were static fires, w wc did oil th a t we could to stop our sta tic fires. We even grounded our young ladles and h um idity control. We m ill hum idify as m any other rubber m a im la cLUiere do. We grounded and wo need the neutralizers and we are looking for th e latest which I understand recently tw o Or three new experts have com e out w ith som e new recommendatlona, and we have got to keep up to the times. My advice for ug all is to keep this q uestion before us. 1 was on s sta tic com m ittee twenty years ago and they thought they hod all the anewars. They wanted to disccmtinue the com m ittee. I said. "Oh. n o /' and that com m ittee stayed in existence lor many, many years. Now we heard a little yesterday about the faults of m anagem ent. Wc will always hear s few things about the faults of m anagement, and It's probably healthy that we should. By the sam e token I th in k th a t it m ig h t also be stated, 1 know I cannot help b u t feel this, isllcwa, because I havo b een very close to the rubber Industry for many years, and the quo th in g th a t has surprised m e personally la w hat rubber m anufacturers have done In the last fivo years in m anagem ent. Now w hen tho war broke cu t we were forced in to m u n itio n s. We were forced Into many operations that we had never been In before, and I've been extremely pleased and I think you'll agree with m e. with tho way big munagoment took that leflponsiblllty. They went in to fields of activity th a t they hud newer been in before. r-n m y com pany, w h at do we know about explosive*? And yet we ran eight m un ition plants- We m ade ml IIlona of p oun ds of TNT. m illions of rounds of thirty nod fULy caliber am m unition, loaded m illio n s of forty m illim eter sheila, and 1allows, dvirJng th e whole period of the World War we did n o t lose on e life due to a fire or an expJoBlon In any of our m u n ition s plants. As a m atter o f fact th at goes Tor all of cu r plants. Not one life was lost due to a fire or explosion. T h at wasn't the fa u lt of any one m an; th a t wasn't wholly the fault of m anagem ent. It was the fault of everybody working together, every body cooperating, everybody realisin g what their Job was, th a t they had o n e big Job and It had to be done and It had to ha done anfely, and It was done solely. Now m y experience In th e U nited S tates Rubber Company Is probably no dlflarent ihan the experience o f other com panies, b u t I Just w ant our labor boys to got th a t pic ture. S ta tic la one b ig problem , b u t we can't spend all our tim e on static. Wa can't spend all our tim e on labor. We*vs g o t to turn o u t som e production, and i t 's gat to be quality production at a price, and we can do it If we all work together. Juat as we did during th e World War. 416 Wi JJ worked to jte tw sad d id on e wh&3e of & job, and U nivea mo ft great dfai d pJwuure to came here and June g ci your Thlalclcg because 1 thin k a ol of the rubber it* duuitry In the B u te of Ohio. 2 try n o t to m iss your Congruas, f jul Cftme from a New Yt C o u g m but week. There were over eig h t thousand people down in P eanaylvapia BcW in New York Iftst week, with &four-day conference* They had * eplendtd session end It pleases rae to feel that no tim e la being Sesi, m ground Ut being lost on accident prevention, and lt*e fello*/ Ilk you that we rely en bftCuujMi no one person can carry the ball, it's a game whflrti we httt alt got to work to gftther and i feel th a t that aaans sen tim en t is being expretwi et all of youi fiwwlonj htrt in Ohio, as it Is expreeaod in bo m any eth er sessions We d on 't w ant tc talk p enalties. I JuBt read this book, the first tim e I*vc soon whirr you w ant to charge th ese fellow s 1! they don't put on their gna u i u i Well. gcoUitaa. If we hail Btarted d oing that ws'd have been rich today; but the thin g to get them to to Li why they ra dciag it. T h ey're the one* th a t are going to pay the price. Our bUGt Jab U aclliag. We can bring our Protoaaors in to do our ecgiiu'erlaj Joa. and we cao 0 to work and pus in our m & tiiinss, and our guard* and in apile of It all. & Just happened on ly lS4C weefc. In cu e o our p lants, a boy eager to a pie^e of wwa, jttmpnd up o n a conveyor nine fe e t from the floor and w ithout so y chance of hold lug. i* fail* over &nd he landed <wi his head, was un couse loua, taken to ih e hospital. and tbr poor fellow di&d. Ho v m m en ia lly disturbed when ho did i- because hia wife wn* I th e horplial wtt> th eir first baby. Now im agine a co n d itio n lik e that, la that m anagrm en t'* fault? le R th e man'll fault? The u n io n 's fa u lt? 1 thin k we've tt:J get a part to play, every on* of w Tbo m an hould have been ca refu lly supervised but when did it happen? Pour o'tta l on a Sunday manning. B ceause th e f a when the work wflw being do tie ah: the feller wrui m entally diatutbed. Now U ll m anagem ent's resp on sib ility to know th e m em al condition nf the** oita and if a IQUA tfi m en tally dlfi&urbcd w s sh ou ld n 't ask him to Jeopardt** fcls Intertota. bi you knew how eager m en are to do & production Job. They don't th in k of T h*y`l Jump in there in order to get the conveyor going, and io let u i cmuili tt* rw p ou jib im y th a t tvo are our brother's keeper. that we have an intercut In him and be ham *n inter eut Jn ue ho th a t w hen we see a m an jeopardizing hi* own Interact". that u ju st tap him on th# ahouldor and Just say. "Buddy. look out, you're going to fall." 1 know 1 w ould lik e to get closer to our m en. W henever 2 get in to a plant I fthrtn take ad von Ugo of ta lk in g ot the m en. talking to the foreman and LeJklng to th e w ortm ii bocftuts I know th e y fuel. "Well, h ere's a chap from Naw York. h e's got all the arur.' haven 't got 1 th e answers b u t I h ave got a low thought* that I can |li them *0 th a t they can for a few hours longer probably practice their production a lUlk aider. 8o that is our jhb, fellow s, and I know that, each and every one of you *re doiij Is. I th a n k you. {A pplause.) Chairman Bcrkey: Mr. W alter Schneider as told you y^atarday, could not bo bw bocauw he u lu an oth er very im p o rten t m eeting He Is here today and d oub t whitto Walter mises very m any of these sectio n s, and I think poulb ly ha m ight have stun thin to sy at this time. Mr. Waiter Schneider: Mr. Bcrkey Etxl Ltdise and Gan tinm en: I'm very happy !a b* her today. I enjoy these Congresses and I like to rem inisce w ith Eralo Beck, Ernie k i favorita or name and I don't m ind te llin g him a: ha knows it. 2 think lio ha the proper uepecl on till whole problem, and I think If wo aJI th a t D llh o tl of approach to our a ttem p t to solve this problem , wa would be fflUfh furfh ttn u we art today. Ch airmail Berkey: New th c ie is u co th er m an here who has dona a lo t towards u ranging tor the room s, th e apace, th e tables, th e blackboard and w hat have you. fci present in th e ronm right now. I'd lik e to ask Mr. W. . Perrin, S afely Advisor for Ai^ laud. Wayne. Medina. Cuyahoga. Portage and Sum m it C ounllc*. if ho ban eomMhiu to aay? Mr. Wilhur Perrina: Gtintie m en. Ladies. !L*b a piensurc to bo here and arrnnRe iteu room* for you to moat, and h `a very gratifying to w e the adtautaRo lh a t 1* being uk by all of you hocovtso our attend ance is m uch greater d s in It wa two years ago I'm n ot going to aay very m uch more, on ly th a t M Mr. Bsrk^y alated. the couatM w hich 1 repreennt for the Industrial C om m ission of Ohio, the nivlbion of Sftfetj ud Hygiene. I'm at your service at any tim e yeu call or. me I'll be slud to como and raa help you la any way I can with your safety. 417 I h av e b een wofVdn^ w ith th e rubber concern* lat* 3y and t*vc had very w onderful operatfcon of the concerns w hich ] h tv e g o at through. I expect in She very near fu tu re to via i t u * re i! of th e m is m y te rrito ry . and I kn o w ihAt th ;`re going la give m e cooperation. I ll be glad to help them in any way I can. C ha irm a n B erkey: I talcs th is o p p o rtu n ity to th a n k th e apeaker* th a t gave ua the* wonderful talks, the Program C om m ittee who helped to o u tlin e and make th is program po&fllbto, and mem bers o i th e D e p a rtm e n t o f Safety and Hygiene. I c a n 't name th e m a ll: Ur. S tln , M r. F luker. and m any others. I t has been a real pleasure ta act u your C h a irm a n a n d I knave th a t X have gotten mar o u t o i th is th a n possibly ro o it o f you have, h u t X th in k we a ll h *v go tte n a g re a t deal o f good fr o m th e ta sessions. I leal th a t they have been extrem ely interesting. and I feel th a t everyone who ha* attended these s c m I o c s w ill go hom e w ith lo ra e th in g th a t he cea use- I f we get n o th in g nor? th a n an In s p ira tio n to do more, we w ill h a re p e n t o u r tim e w e ll in these tw o M*Se!G5. C hairm an B e rkcy: T h s lu n c h e o n 1s in lh a Ha II o f M irro r* a t 12'SO. M r. Jack K id n e y in the toftatmaetpr. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE HAZARDS -- THEIR CAUSE AND CONTROL SECTION Thursday Morning Session, April 18, 1946 Thlu Mrtsion of O ccupational Dtaeaso Hazards--Their Cansea and Control o the All 0 Gafelt Congreu* wua called to order at 9:30 o'clock by Dr. A. L. KefauVrr, A ssistan t fervlaor. M edical Section, In du strial C cm m lsslou of Ohio. Chairman tCefauver: Well* grttlfiraen. M , w ill open our seseloo on Occupnttonttl e*ses. TUvlr Hamrda. C ouw and ContTOl. O ccupational diseases. have M isted ver ze the Umr th a t maxi flr*t ucean la work and as clvUlzatlm i becam e very com p lai lutvmds and the in cid en ts of the? disease an a resu lt of their Work becam e greater, til cow we are confronted with th e greatest army and variety of conditions mankind 1 over experienced in his com ing up from early civilization. Nothing ever done teh about occupational da**; um U the near past. I t wax* an accepted thing. and 5 considered as being inevitable, Etery painter was uppmed to have bis bout w ith later a colic and every mtner. or eertals percentage of minera, u euppoied to have nera' aathrna. Then these werr iottte pioneers who s tu t* d o u t aad tho u^ght som e thing m id be done bout this th in s: that It w asn't necessary to have these thing They re alone In tb*ir field w hen they dr*l started, and they were really pioneer, b u t ey w: pesaerertng and m uch pjogrrw w*j made u n til now their efforts are Jtist gin n in g to be It It. New material* are being foun d from day to day and developed and fare being used in dualry. but even new Hiaterala often bring along new hazards to tha Individual work- fC w ith th em . Many m atarais wer* developed during th e war which v are going- to In the ixwtwHt par lot! la industry, and that la a n<rw challenge to th e industrial b y- enist to ac* w hat if t o y effect th ese tem erais are going to havn on the Individual. I t 'a a s problem of postw ar Industrial hyglftti* ttott m u first speaker I going to talk to uu w u t today. Mr. X. S. MalcU H u been associated w ith the Firestone Tire <5: Rubber ompany for the past four years in charge of th e industrial bnglenc aetivitia*. He came j Akron f r o m t h e Wollou In stitu te o f P ittsburgh. Before th a t b e d id private calm il itlon w o rk to ind visit tal hygiene. W hile at Firestone pionerxJ In resaarcU on the c&lth biv-arda o n yu ib eilc rubber material* as they were used in th e m anufacture of fn lh atlc rubber. U nitl recu ctly he was staff representative of the M edical S&eUoji cf be N ational fiafaty C ouncil. Ho did graduate work at th e U niversity of M ichigan. Ittsburgh and Chicago. At tha proeent tim e ho Ie associated m sp ecial ccae&rth pro- rc&3 In Industrial T oxicology a t Ohio S tate U niversity. Tt gives me grent pleasure to Introduce to you Mr. F\ S. M ellette, w ho w ill now speak n "Highlight* of Postwar In d u strial Hygiene." Mr. MaileUe. HIGHLIGHTS UP POSTWAR INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE, Mr. F. S. M alleite. Industrial Hyffi'iilst and Toxicologist, T h e Firvvtcne Tire ft R ubber Cutnpauy, Akron, Ohio Well, einee the war ended tnero have boeu chungee brought about ln Industry which Affect all of u* lu industrial hygiene. For Instance, during the war there waa q tretnendems pressure iur p rod u ction --production wa* primary: cveryth lnc else wag soemuiiiry. Contracta were let by the G overnm ent, the Army and Navy, and com panies Just killed them selves to p u t ou t the first lib it for th a t contract, aud In that procesa, os 1 say. everything els? v u disregarded, and one of the tilings which caused a great deal of trouble was the disregard for th e pm*#ncu of the in du strial health hazard*. Many oompunlea a t into tha developm ent of product of w hich they bad no e*eperlanos t t all. T hey bad little knowledge of th o tech n ica l a*pccw of the product, to say n o th in g of the prefe n o any health hazard* that m ight be associated w ith H. 545 1 j ue For Jnaeano, I knew o f an aviation com pany w hich landed vory lucrative con- tracts roc th e production of barrage balloons, and It looked Ilka a sim ple process, AH you did waa to cu t up ru&borlsvcd fabrics and ofiflac th e seams w ith rubber oemoni, Juot like d oin g drewmeklnK. Ob. it w as easy to teach girls to do, and th ey turned j th em ou t a t a very rapid rate, but u nfortun ately the cem en t they were u sing contained \ benzol. T h ey never had any experience w ith it: they never thought a n yth in g ml#1U j occur, and soon the girls began la (eel weak, show sign s of anemia, n s use a, aflccts from u sin g the cem en t con tain in g benzol. T h is com pany had to stop production and install ven tila tio n control m ethods and m ethods to keep track or th e people's h ea lth while th e y were w orking *wltb th ese m aterials, and In th e long run, o f course, th ey had loai ground because they had ioic tim e In h a ltin g production w hile they cau gh t up with som a know ledge on the facts th ey should have had before they started the work. Thrft should c o w b e torn a esse In th e face of th a t. Of course now we are changed over to it* conversion, b u t let us learn the lessor. we did during the war, n o t rush Into th in gs too h astily. Let'a atudy the process wfclah our com panies are going Into In th e mootsven ia n program. Much cun be dan If the plans and operations are stud ied ahead ei Urna so th a t the presence of Industrial h ea lth hazards and industrial Injury hazards are foreseen and precautions taken against them. A m ong th e changes w hich the end o f the war has brought about is th e change In the type of personnel. We all know how th e com panies had to scrape the b o tto m of Us* barrel for people to fill their p lants after t h e m en had gone away to war, and. of course, there ware m any of th e young, very young, many of the old, m any w ho w ere poor in h ea lth and poor in m ental eq u ipm en t w h o had to be u tilised , and exp osin g the** people to Industrial h ealth hazard* and poisons o f course was an ev e n greater darker th an *posing people in th e prim e o f health, selected for their physical fStneas: so we sh ou ld begin to perhaps get away from, sem e of that. In ad dition we should get sw ay from th e problem s w hich arose m a r e su lt o f the large cum ber of women in industry. 1 d on 't need to elaborate o s the problem s which women brought lu. There have been speakers a t previous m eetings here end it's a sub je c t w hich wan worked over again and again , and I am but you are all fam iliar with th e problem s which, women brought in to industry. Well, now wom en are b egin n in g to d rift ou t o f Industry again and each lim e, after each war and after th e Influx of Women Into Industry there are always a num ber o f th em who are retained b u t it Isn't an yth in g ilk the problem, it vms four or five years ago when I know 1 had thousand of women to th in k about and whose h ea lth I bad to consider, and for me, I had to have special regard because of their susceptibility to the industrial health hazards. W ith t b s change brought about by th e end o f th e war there have com e m a n y new deveiopm enia. Flint of all I w n going to speak about the legal developm ents which haws appeared since then and float of all I w en t to say & little about th e Ohio Industrial Health Codo w hich wan recently edoptod by the P ublic H ealth C ouncil and w hich will becom e effective January 1, 1947. T h is code has been discussed tw ice already a t these m eetings by engineer Joseph Flanagan, of the Division of Industrial Hygiene of tbs H ealth D epartm ent, but I do w ant to aay a word in passing; If you haven't already seen the Code or heard about It, I su ggest you g et copies from the H ealth D ep artm ent and study it. because there probably juj no industry in Ohio w hich w o n 't bo eflected by It In som e m ann er or other. The standards w hich the Code contains are th o se w hich era accepted by authorities in the field and I urge your cooperation and support for the able people in whose hands the ad m in istration o f th is Code ilea. Another developm ent In th e s u n field Is the proposed revision o f the sa fety codes o f specific requirem ent* of the Ohio In d u stria l C om m ission which ware p etitio n e d for by several labor organsaatlons but In particular by the steel workers Bad rubber workers* union. A hearing has already been held on th is su b ject and the proposals have bean taken in to considers dor.. In general, Che principles o f the proposed rubber workers' code, the o n ly one wish w hich 2 am fam iliar--I arc n o t fam iliar w ith the steel workers' code--b ut tn general the principles refer to the prevention o f accidental in ju ry, but there ara a few which relate to Industrial health and sa n ita tio n , and I am going te call your attention to them. Tha first part &f the proposed Code deal w ith th e purpose and scope, d efin itio n oi term*: part four, for Instance, deals w ith safety rcQuirensecte. Section 2 is o n "floors." S ectio n X "aisles, c o n i dare, stairways," Part F ive d eals w ith "machinery'' S e c tio n Z with "Type* of m ach in ery", section 2, " S w itch es and other electrical apparatus", S ection % "M ill roll h eig h t ". Section 4, "S afety-trip controls and q uick atop facilities" , S ection 5, " S afety-trip control calendars," flection 6, "B atch o il conveyors", and Section 7, elevator*." Fart d deal w ith the d eterm in ation o f d ista n ce o f travel; Chat 1* for brakes on u iU i and calender*. Part 7 deals w ith "Devices for protection'*, Section 1 of th a t with G47 'Janlfi". and then, in Section 2 we be Bln tc get Into come of th e parte w hich 3n tercet aA industrial health. Section 2 deals w ith "C lothing, respirators and. goggles." All jrilcnble m eans ahull be used to elim inate con d itions of eapoeure th a t m ig h t cause gi Injury. Eye sh ield s or suitable e&fcty goggles nhall be provided by th e employer ttn thare 1 an y danger of eye in ju ry Irom em ery. Hying chips, h o t scale, hot liquid, ten or dnataen. Employers ahall furnish em ployees engaged In air or sand LlaeUnfi Oh respirators, hnods or hclm enta adapted lo th e work to be done. T his safety equipml aboil hear th e approval of the U. S. Bureau of Mines. "The param ount d u ty o f every em ployer to m aintain th e air of all work rooms and KrfcpUcea In & safe and h ealthy con d ition at all tim es la hereby recognized and affirmed. ft operation In w h ich th is is n o t possible, su itab le respiratory protective equipm ent shell provided lor all em ployees exposed thereto and It hall he worn by them . Such ^tipment shall bear the approval of th e 17. 3. Bureau o l M ines." While this is th e rubber vcrfcera" proposed revision I am sura th a t a ll ether Infcjclos, th e ate si workers and foundry workers and so cn w ill contain sim ilar propftats for operations In w hich th is Is n e t possible: th a t Is where It can be kept in a it and h ealthy con d ition. `Suitable gloves, h o sts, aprons and goggles and other protective clo th in g ahall be toolatod by th e em ployer and w orn by th e em ployees engaged In the use o f sulphuric, rsriatls or other acids, or solvents, or pigm ents w hich may be injurious to the employee.'' *Ce word "pigm ents'1 In th e rubber industry refers to m aterials In general th a t are used compounding rubber. Part 8 deals w ith the su bject of V entilation. S ection ] "W here sm oke, steam , fum es. p m or dusts arisin g from any of th e operations In a rubber ib c p may be Injurious to Or health or safety of the em ployees, th ere sh a ll be in sta lled and operated proper toodi, fans ot other m eans o f v en tilation of su fficien t capacity to remove su ch moke, ran . fum es, gases or d ust. "Employees w hose work exposes th em or may expose them to su bstan ces of such taardous n atu re th a t a close w atch on their con d ition is advisable may be given regular occasional physical exam ination as a check on the adequacy of the preventative nccaeuttt u d , provided, however, th a t the findings o f each such exam ination shall be available tl all times for exam ination by a physician of th e em ployee's choosing and any ompbyt so exam ined may have a check exam in ation m ade by a physician of his choice "All mix m ills, banbury m ixers, -warm-up m ills, tube m achines, tra in * and ca len d s thall be equipped w ith proper and sufficient ven tilation . "All spreader m achines, dip u nits, and ironer, shall be equipped w ith proper and sufficient v en tila tio n to safety remove all fu m es and gases. "AH cem en t m ixers used in the m ixing of solven ts and th e departm ent In w hich they us located sh a ll be properly ven tilated so as to rem ove all f umefl and gases em itting lice from. "AH spreader m achines, calendars, dip u n its, or cem en t m ixers sh a ll have proper dotl<i control, h um idification and fire eq u ipm en t Installed and opcrAtod. "Where sm oke, fum es, gaacs, or dust arising from any of th e operations in a rubber tbop may be Injurious to th e health of the em ployees, m easurem ents shall be xnada by competent venLUatlng engineer designated by the employer for that purpose, and dl such m easurem ents of air con d itionin g shall h ave th approval of the O hio Industrial Contralesion. T h is shall apply also to Installation and type of equipm ent used. Part fl. "M aintenance and Inspection. A dally visual Inspection of all m achine u nits m which solven ts or gases are usod shall be m ade by a com petent em ployee de&hfdated *y the em ploy to do so. S u ch Inspection sh all c o w sta tic control, hum idification, fei protection, and ven tilation. "Chains, cables, tramralla, trolleys, strops, ropes, slings, electric hotel*, spreader hcctfl, ctttl bars, and sa feties shall, prior to their uae. be inspected daily os to their safety by (to men preparing and using th e same, and in ad dition , a Tegular Inspection i to their itiety aboil be m ods once a w eek by an em ployee designated by the em ployer for th a t purpose. This goes on w ith further in spection of m achine* and eq uipm ent. Part JO, "H eating and L ighting. Where lig h t Is in sufficien t to properly ligh t the rubber hop, artificial ligh t of sufficient power shall be provided. All a telways, corfttOrt. passageways and stairways aboil be properly lighted at all tim es. "Where lig h t is Insufficient tc properly lig h t th e area In Which work te performed, artificial ligh t of sufficient power ahull be provided. 41A m inim um tem perature ol 65 degrees F ah ren h eit shall be provided and m aintained at )! Mm In any section of shop w here employer* *r required to be a t work." flow 1 don't th in k they th ou gh t th a t through very coraluHy, because obviously If it' 648 95 atrial cus you have to go som e to produce & tcmp-Ersture of 85 Inside, and invariably-- anyway, th e dhanEe would sc trem endous, 65 In the W inter tim e Ja Juat about auffldasi. T h ey probably w ill work over th a t section. Section 11, "Sanitation and com fort. Suitable facilities shall be provided employ* fo r drying their cloth in g w hen necessary; su ch facilities aball be located In the wash room ., locker room or in a room used exclusively for th a t purpose. "Inside Bftnltary water closets shall bo provided in every rubber shop and for each eex according to th e follow ing table;-- " T h ey give a table providing for the number flt w ater closet w hich 3 believe follow s th e public health service code fairly cloedj. P ot Instance, for one to eigh t persons you provide one and from ftfl to 138, six. n ratios run on e for eight, one for ten on e for eleven, on# for saventaen, and <ma for twenty-three, "5 t r every u n it of fiE or fraction al p art thereof in creese Of 139 persons employed, tw o additional water closets shall bo provided . Most modern plant* provide better iattiltia than this calls for, "All toilet fa cilities sh a ll ba com pletely Auparate from lockor and washroom. "All water closets and to ilet scats sh a ll be properly sterilized regularly o n e each shill " In every rubber shop there sh a ll be provided one tirln&l. Where more than 3( or lose than 90 m ales are em ployed, tw o urinals shall bo provided and thereafter cm ad d ition al urinal shall be provided for every 80 males em ployed or fraction al part thereof. A t 'east flvo linear of trough or slab urinals shall be considered eq u ivalen t of ona urinU "Wash basins w ith an adequate supply o f hot end cold water shall be supplied ac cording to the follow ing table-- " There again I believe It fo llo w s the Public Health Service Code. Kor Instance, from 46 to 65 persona you provide five w ash basins. That ii a ratio of ana for 13. "For each additional 25 em ployees at least one a d d itio n a l w ash basin shall ba pro vided. Twenty linear Inch of sink shall be considered equivalent of cu e wash basil "S oap and pttpsr towels shall b e supplied wherever there la a w ash basin. "Washroom* where 10 to 35 m en arc employed, shall he provided w ith at le a th r ee shower baths with an am ple supply of h a t and cold water, and for every additional 36 m en. three additional shower baths sh all be provided. Where m en are employed Is sh ifts the came bat la o f shower bAthg shat] be provided for each e h ift of employees. "Employee* in a rubber shop w ho com e In contact w ith p igm ents, acids, lead a eolvents shall he supplied with soap end turWeb tow eld far shower baths. "Individual type locker ae least eix feet In height and 12 hy 19 in c h tnaldi m easurem ent, w ith hinged doom arranged for locking, sh a ll be provided far empkJjw and sh all be placed Jn & room ad join in g th e opening Into th e w ashroom . "AU ftlslew&y* betw een th e lockers ehail bo at least five fe e t wide between the rows of lock ere. and shall bo m a in ta in ed a t this distance at a ll tlma. `Employeob working w ith p igm ents, acids, lead or olvimla sh a ll have one loci for dirty clothes and one clean clothes. "All washroom s And locker rooms shall be welt lighted and vontll&tad and kept to a clean, unitary condition at all tlm ea. and when in use Bhall he m aintained it i tem perature of n ot loim th a n 70 degrees F a h ren h eit "All washroom s and lacker rooms sh a ll have adequate mirrors for th e as of th* em p loyees. "All shower and washrooms shall be supplied w ith adequate hot and cold watez. `S n n ltsjy drinking fo u n ta in s shall be providwl throughout tha rubber shop by ti t employer. "The general sanitary rule o f the In dus trial Cemm (union o f O hio shall apply lo *H m atters n ot Gpeciitc*l3y. covered In th is section Part 32 d eals w ith th su b ject of F irst AJd. "T he follow in g provision* shall ha r*vit fo r First Aid. to bo used in case o f injury u n til a regular physician take* cha^ t: "In every rubber shop there sh a ll he a First Aid dispensary, fu lly equipped with flm aid supplies th a t Bhall mwit th e Bret ft'd requirem ent! of the Ohio In du strial commlail&a "All su ch dispensaries shall he replenished, follow ing an accid en t, according to tta requirem ents of th * Elvlnion of S afety and Hygiene of th e Ohio In du strial Commit!. " All rubber shop* Nhnll lmvc som e com p eten t person trained In Bret aid to work ra all sh ifts for the purpose o f ad m in isterin g first aid in coho of accident, and they hit be acquainted w ith dispensary first aid supplies, and also provlled w ith a Mat showim th e name* and telephone num ber* of com p eten t physician*, hospital* and ambulaaua in coon of serious accident. "The above im m tlaned provisions will n o t be required where a p la n t hospital dresabf | Toom or dtapcnnanr w ith su p p lies In excess of tha above is m a in ta in ed end .who* i com petently train ed person 1* regularly em ployed to aupervlmj such p la n t hospital' 549 Now. for these w ho cam In aite r I began to retail th is, thin la a proposed tovision s iilc h haa been iubm ittd to th e Oblo Industria] C om m ission by th e rubber workers* union and a m eeting was held to consider It and It te now being considerad and prob ably further hearings w ill be h eld . Well, th a t pretty well covers the legal developm ents, at least In the state o f Ohio. Of oouroe there have been developm ents out tilde o Oblo. For liulonc*?, other states hflvu passed Occupational DImaso Com pensation Laws and 1 thin k there woe o n e of the lo st few states th at didn't have it passed u workm an's com pensation law, b u t of most Interest to thoae in the protection of th e workers* health were the techn ical developm ents which cam e out of the war. and Like any other III wind, the war blew some good. One of the most Interesting and striking develop menta game out ci the develop ment o f th e atom bGmto. I don't *uppos there is a m e e t!e g babig hold SiEywhere today which d>t*n.'t som ehow or other g e t Around to th e atom bomb, and we ara no different hero, b u t before tb s developm ent of itow atom bom b--th e se things are hefiinnJiur to leak out. There hasn't been any too m uch provided in th e way o f inform ation y et. Of course, they knew there were dangerous radiations w hich would toe present and for w hich protection m u st be provided. Probably there were no n ew types of radiation tout there were com pounds of n eu tron s for w hich control m easures had to be provided. Now. i f the promised developm ent o f atom ic power, nuclear energy ever Teaches a peace-tiros degree of developm ent so th at It can be used In Industry, wo m ay have to toe faced w ith thin very sort o f thing, so we can profit toy tho th in g s w h ich they learned in the atom ic bomb project. Well, in general, they foun d th a t if they b uilt their buildings a little tlcfcer th&c It took pretty good caro of theae increased and intensified radiation*. T hey found th a t thicker concrete walls provided excellen t protection- However, they h ad to train a ll o f theLr personnel to recognize and understand these hazards t o which they wera exposed and to taka advantage of th Inform ation w hich was developed to protect them again at it. They also developed m any new and extrem ely accurate Instrum ents to detect these radiations and so far there baa been very Uttlc divulged as to their character, but we can eurmise th a t they probably operate on principles w hich were known before the ato m ic bom b was developed. In Addition they bail to develop m ethods of m onitoring; that Is d o tectln g en a con tin u ou s basis th e am ou n t o f radiation to w hich each of the workers w as exposed, and there has been a little data com in g nut on that, b u t they used many o f th e m ethods w hich toad previously been used in protection Against X-ray. Kor tostonee, tho badges which th e workers wore for identification contains a email piece of photographic film &nd those were collected periodically and developed, and the am oun t of effect upon th e film was m easured and io th at way they could tell ju st w hat hla atete o h ea lth m ight toe, b u t that ia probably pretty far in th s futura and H 1 m ore of Interest In n ease of peculation than It la the fact th a t tt will como up tomorrow and wo w ill have to contend with th e hazards of nuclear energy, but among th e o th er tools w hich were greatly used and accelerated during th e war period were those of the pneumAtic type, and I thin k tho one w hich Is pc haps m oat Important to all of u la the rlviter. Many yeata go Dr. Louis H am ilton described th e effects produced by the vibration <f the Jackhammer--Z th in k It was 20 year ago or m ors, but today these few to o ls with tholr extrem ely high frequencies o f vibration are producing these effects m uch c&ore rapidly and so a m uch more m arked degree. I don't h ave tim e to discus*, nor am Z ccrapotent to, the pathology of th o Injuries produced. If you arc Interested In th is 1 sugfset th A i you read th e original paper* by Dr. Crajen and Dr. Dart which were preetnted a t the m eetin g in CThlc&go last wcolc of th e American Association of Industrial Phytdclans and Surgeons. However, I did gather th is m u ch , and ir.eldeutelly, much of the motor la l w hich I described Itere was given in th e papers which were given last week. X toad q u ite & tim e because it wa* &n enorm ous m eetin g. Them were many papers, and they u sed sp lit ecasiona. And I ran back and forth trying to cover both o f them. I had quite a tim e, hut X m issed o u t on som e of them , b u t so far as the effect* of these highly vibrating toclfl are concerned, n paper wna prenented by tho wrkeni there and Again at the m e e tin g m Chicago last week In w hich they advocated the change In t h a t proccduto so th a t particles above five m icrons would, be more or lens disregarded so lor a* th e co u n tin g o f te st sam ples w as concerned In Addition, in studying thte m atter ihay found th a t the percentage of free allien in the particles of d ual above five m icrons-- well, th a t was quite a serious m atter becau se it m ig h t alter som ew hat the action of the test*. U was found to toe enpuclnlly true of teat* collected in potteries, im indrlos and glass p lante and aotne others. Fur th ese Tun^nna these worker belle v th a t particle* larger than five m icros I *Lrjs Mould bo elim inated from consideration both In th e 5i50 co u n tin g And in the d# term in itio of th* p^reontare c i free alUc* in m aking teat wimpIei. and in cid en ta lly , vb* new Ohio Health Code advocated the aarae propo*!. There were m any la a tru m en ls developed during the vat coming o u t of various need* o f th e arm ed force* and one of them was a new and extrem ely accurate and aturdy carbon m onoxide d etector. It wm developed for u*e In aircraft ao it had to be able to stand very hard p u n ish m en t or.d yet be extrem ely accurate. Wall. now. we can begin to takt the thing* over and em ploy them In peace-clnte Industry. This particular lnstnim K il provide* both a v liu i! and auditory aignai when the perm issible limit of carbon monoxide la exceeded. Thi* will find us, lo r In iU n c r, in th e production af Inert g&a for atm os phere over cxploftSve liq u id s *ttd for the annealing cf stain less steel and nlckift and otfew m eta l unit* of & ittttumlue character May be used, for Instance, in a d v e n t recover! system s. reducing econom ic '& and danger to persons!. A p ortable apparatus for th e determ tea slop of m ethylchloride wm developed for uae in th e sy n th e tic rubber Industry. W ith reHnemeinta thia can become u sefu l in the de term ination of other chlorinated hydrocarbons. A conaplriouH oxygftn Indicator has been developed for use In process control. H U extrem ely accu rate to one hundredth of one per cen t. Further d avelop m on t of xhli in stru m en t may remilt in th e production of a portable oxygen deflcioney indicator. At the p m e n t tim e it can on ly he used In fixed locations because Lhe tem perature has quit* a marked effect on the detecting cell. Among th e other paper presented as the m eetin g in Chicago was one by Leslie Silverm an, of Harvard, who reported extrem ely Interesting findings on respirators ti flow characteristic* and their relation to certain lung dueases. a study of records ob tained by n ew in stru m en ts developed for recording Instantaneous air flow during *npiration and expiration displays value In dlagnoalng asthm a, em physem a and sllioodlfl. Of p articular Intereat In the fact th a t th e m ethod appears to he of value In differentiating betw een lu ng deposition w hich produo* Ehrnsla, euch as allien, nd t h e w hich ac cen tu a l th e X -ray appearance, such, aa Iron fum es, b u t do not produce disabling fibrosis. M uch aitnntlort has recently been paid to th e occurrence of th is pmradofltoreals in welder*. So th is new m ethod m e j be c f great value becaueo X -ray plctuwa of worker* who have been exposed to large q u a n tities o f Iron fumes are extrem ely diffi cu lt to d ifferen tiate betw een th a t condition and On df true Mewl*. W ell, th e ta*t paper th a t I heard at tli* m eeting-- unlortunstiHir,, I m issed the. Stmt part of It--wan the moat Intcreatlng on She program. Dr. Machie wise used to be down hare In C in cin n a ti at the K ettering Laboratory discussed the physiology o f w o r t I d e n t thin k I r e a p e d u n til I heard him how ilt t lt we d id on th a t mjb/ect. The derm an* did q u ite m lot. They even had a journal on n o th in g but th a t su bject. We haven't reached th a t p oint yet. Dr Machlo pointed out, for in stan ce, th a t o i n ecessity , probably, m uch of in du strial eq u ip m en t and m achinery lx standardized. No con aid ration, for inataneo, ! given to Uir characteristic of the workers w h o will run the m achine*. T h ai d on 't know an yth in g bout hi* h eight, v tig h t, length, o i hi* arm or a n y th in g Ue. and yet th a t la an extrem ely Important feature and should be tudlod. Re fee!a that a great deai can be dona to transfer the burden o f work from m an to m ach ine, fee- In tiLance, toy this u h o f boosters w hich bowed a marked reduction of oxygon consum ption by th e worker, resu lting In better performance and reduction in energy o u tp u t true la thee* e*a*ii. He m en tion ed ie particular the e&utij o i the adoption of gyroaf ab ility m tank. They did a lo t of work an tanka d uring th e war down a t F ort Kuox. Dr. Mach I w m active In th a t work and It was dMired to apply the p rin cip le o f eyrotataUIzatlon to th e cxnk* ao th a t firing could be done w hile the lan k wa In motion. PtIot to th a t tlmu the tank had to come to a atop, the gu n aim ed and then fired. A lot of tim e waa lotit. Thny w anted to develop the tank In uch & v/ny no it could be insert to firs w hile In m ovem en t sa they were gyro- tab Hiked. U nfortu nately. In apltc of thin cxcoBenl m echanical equipm ent, the m an was left entirely out of the picture, the factor of the reaction tim e, th a t la the tim e between w hen t h e m an decides to m ake th e m ove and w hen h e does it. w asn't considered at *1!. so the first tanka developed along that line Weren't vary nat-Lsfactory because they reaulted in a large num ber of m isses, o they had to go back and it art over again and consider th e average reaction tim e of the old ler firing th* gwm and th e n they were m ore su ccessfu l. W ell, this field of Industrial physiology holds a great promise and wo can look forward perhaps for great finding In th e future. Chairman KeLam er: 1 am sure th at we arc all than kful to Mr. M sllctte for bringing u* his m essage and s p e c ia lly the new work that io right up to the m in u te th a t be heard about at the Chicago m eeting. D o anyone have any q u estion s they would like to ask 7 1 wan wondering w hen you ` n n speaking oi aiilcoeiH. 4j ! the m ealing? th* Qurfltion of th alum inum teet iroatrnanL brought Mr. M s h e tla : T ci. T h ere waa 3 p ap er given o n II t th in k , by Dr. Rudn, w ho did ana nuo w ork on It. b u t lie d id n 't ex p lain a b o u t It P raolioally very m o rn in g you go * now you h ea r uom ething ab o u t a lu m in u m . I tr ie d to ehoows som e thing* w h ich I frli m ig h t n o t be talk ed about, a n d p e rh a p s you w ould n o t have h e a rd before bus 5bT w u b p ap e r on a lu m in u m th e re . C k ilm u n K ila o re r: H ut there h a i been no change In opinion. atlU a d ep u ted thing. I nppoesi Mr. M anet Le: T h a: to right. Of course thoy are gathering a great deal of rldence I &ak tha consensu>1 of opinion so far the alu m inu m teal to concerned. at 1 hear 11 a*, the **rlou9 Treating about the country. ttr* an extrem ely useful agent in th e p refer tloo ctf lllcaals b u t IV very queailonabia whether It has nny effect In th e therapy, ths puts or even in the relelf of It'a sym ptom sa l>r. Shafer, McdLcnl Director, PrlgWairo D ivision. General Motors Corporation, D ayton, Oh'-: 1 listen ed to both papers at the m eeting, th e one on axperlm ente with antmala sal the one In th e treatm en t of alllcoais. Oomparlng th e two eet o f anim als over the dort period o f time, the paper given on th e treatm en t of sUlccsla by tbe dusting m ethod, tod the o p in ion th em baaed aioatly on the q u an titive experience la th a t It hwi kept (lieu workmen th a t h are definite Ulcoels from going too far In advance and being dia lle d at a more early period, bus It hasn't cured th e silicosis. Tbe disability has been Hn marked ir. those cases wherever In fection la preaent. b u t you it lll have your same old Wtture- There la no relief from d u stin g as indicated, but the d u stin g la given and lby give the m ethod of fir in g It. T h ey showed the apparatus and th e frequency. A woman from Pennsylvania has done n lot of work In the coal mince and the smoky Industrie# m P e n n sy lv a n ia a n d w rote a p ap e r w h ich to well w o rth read in g . Chairm an K H aaver: 1 think we have another question. Dr. _______ ,,,, (Barberton. Ohio); 3 would lik e to know If there la any hazard of nseprene on the akin Mr. M aU etti: WftU, that It very ntwaatlfls because I hod to cheek up n n t l y on it So t&r as neoprene Itself--I kid speaking c-f th s crude stock--to concerned. th*re t ie yrobably no hazards at all p-owlfcly sn occasional case o f derm atitis occurs, but I feel Cut. that is more d u e to the presence of other chem icals in th e stock, for Instance, ictitoxigen and aa fo rth than It la th e neoprene Itself. Sack in th m iddle thirties a (?stt deal of close stu d y was made on neoprene by th e D uPont people. It wan du pretie I that tim e, if you recall, but It to essen tially the sam e thing. However, the m aterial froa w hich neoprene to mad? 1 an extrem ely toxic m aterial and 2 thin k perhaps som eUmcj there is som e confusion because of th a t fact Chloropr#ne to extrem ely toxic, b u t t/tor It boa been processed and especially when th e stock haa been cured, there to no toxicity present- There may be occasionally a case of derm atitis, b u t that is more 4cs to other chem ical* In the stock. Or................ .. ; W h av e & type of sp ray . M r M alle tie : T h a t to a differen t th m g . I th o u g h t you referred 10 cu re d neoprene atock Sow. neoprene latex, o f ccnjrxe, la a liq u id n n d th e re a re sto ck m a te ria ls In It--th e D u P o n t people in fo rm ed m a t h a t they have b een striv in g to low er th e p e rc e n ta g e of aM oroprene la th e ir latex. I t h a s c o n tain e d In th e p ast .som ething os h igh a i fo u r or live per cent. T h ere Ib a p o ssib ility acm e o n e may absorb en o u g h cb lo ro p ren o do as to be hazardous. H ow ever, I t la extrem ely Irrita tin g to t h e sk in a n d p rac tica lly every company w h ich h as used neoprene la tex h a s had som e difficulty w ith d e rm a titis. I t 1* extremely Irrita tin g b u t th e ir m eth o d of control to p rev e n t th e c o n ta c t w ith th e akin iheuld be u tilize d . T h a t to w here th e c a rd in a l p rin c ip le lies. Y ou e a n 't do m u ch p re b tbly. to c h a n g e th e latex alth o u g h th e D u P o n t people e re try in g to g et th e chioroprcue content dow n, b u t everyw here It to vised th e re to q u ite a h ig h Incidence of d e rm a titis, b u t If you c a n --1 d o n 't know haw --you say, " S p ray " ? Dr. ______ _____: You. Mr. M alle tie : Well. If you can of com ae provld* local e x h a u st v u n tllatio n if you tab't p ro te c t th e w ork er by raenna of sieves a n d gloves, apron. P ro te ctiv e arm entu are oi value, and e n c o u rag e th em to uea th e m fre q u e n tly a n d to get It off hi akin before It taken affect. Ha It been d e rm a titis w hich ha* occu rred ? r. . - Dermatitis hewn up Mr. M allettc: I believe that 1 probably nil It wiu a e. a]though I am planning name flttidten r ig h t now on fchs am ount of ohloropreno in the alt wheTe neoprene In used hecauee this question has come up. Dr. W. E. O b eti, Medical advJncr of Safety St H ygiene: How about rubber gloves out of neoprene? Mr. M allette: Well, there hua been q u ite a tot of derm atitis, Dr. Obeta, but I think It fa due In m ost cm to the antltoxlgeiv We have b een doing a lot of ta ilin g on young people w h o were aff acted by neoprene glovea, We purchased several hundred pairs aatS p u t them In ou r ste*! product departm ent and we got a fiood of desroatltlfi sJkl of a sadden, W o tested raaay people and we found th a t th e glove* plus th e cau sticj and things; wa fou n d the com ijouadlng lhtediiU la t h e glovas and cam e down to the ftEtltoxlffea. W here it was put in to th e sy n th etic rubber, o f course, St occurred In pradueta w hich were made from ibe synthetic rubber itself. Dr. O bsta: Does th at apply to both k lnd i? Mr. M arietta: Both th e neoprene and the buna. Dr. a b e t s : The gam an titoxin wan n o t used b u t It produced the aamo ftact? Mr. M a lle t^ : Tea. C hairm an Kefauver: Our next pponKer needH no introduction, Dr. M. M. Shafer. M edical Dhreetcr, Frigid aira D ivision. General M otors Corpora tied , P a y to n , Ohio. PERSONAL PROTECT! VS EQUIPMENT AND HOW TO DfSE IT l>r, M. M. Shafer. M edical Director, Frigidaire Division, General Motors Corporation, Dayton. Ohio Mr. C hairm an, m ember* of th Sixteenth AH Ohio sa fety Congrcaa: IV i a pleasure to be here tod ay. T he su b je c t that Dr. Obots assigned t o m e fa one that 1 th in k we are ail more or le ss fam iliar w ith, and I hope our previous speaker. Mr. M idette, w ill pardon m e 11! I refor to th is paper In several connections, because It was a very interesting paper and f t touches, In several Inatanceji on th e pem oim i protective eq u ipm en t that K am going to talk to you about. It fa ob v io u s from th e outnet that such a vest su b ject could n ot be covered in detail In such a sh o rt tim e. Therefore 1 am taking th e liberty of listing some o f th e poracnal protective eq u ip m en t w ith which 1 am fam iliar and w ill attem p t to dlacUat the proper use of som e of these which havo caused the greatest difficulty. The follow in g list, starting from the top of the head and going down to the feet, represent* a part of the personal protective eq u ipm en t in everyday use In a great mtmy plants. I t in obvious from ttra follow ing list th a t no diacuBatcn i* necessary in order to u se *nme o f th is equipm ent correctly and properly. In m y ocra company all personal protective eq u ip m en t La furnished the em picye free of charge.1*IV. 1. Head P rotection A. S te el bate B. GuardJ-Azjii or other type heed protection fo r women ff. Goggles A. V arious Types n. Welders (shade of ten) to. Acid ircef c. Shatter proof d . Shatter proof with aide tditeldi o. R r shatter proof S. More goggles (several types) in . Foe* Shield A. W elders B. Plastic shields IV. Ear dlaphgram s V. R e sp ira to r* A Vnrloiia Type* ft- Duflt to. Fum es c. Gone** d. Acida ts. Alkali. VI. fiait tablets VU. Protective Cream VU!. 2o*ltive Pressure Atr Hoods A. Porcelain 3L Sand b la st IX. C overallA --sU ck ft--a m o 1! or X. Aprons A. Rubber B. Leather C. Cloth D. Plastic It. Oiled ollH d f >*** XL Sleevelets A. Waterproof a, Rubber to. P lastic B. Leather o. Chamois D. Leather w ith B. Asbeatoe rivets XC- Gloves A. Rubber B. S y n th etic Rubber C. Canva D. Leather palm E. Chrome loathei F. Asbestos G. H eavy leather w ith staples XIZL Legfflngs XIV. Spats XV- Stooea or Boots A. fiteel to es--safety B. S teel too guards 0, Rubber boots D. Wooden oled m ep shoes XVI. E lectricians Chrome Leather Hood and Coat XVH. Afcbdetos Clothing XV3I. A dd proof su its XIX. S afety bel ta In cur p la n t we have very little uae of etc el hatH, however, we have considerable use lor the G uardl-A im safety cap for wom en th a t are worXJng o n revolving m achinery. In p u iln g . I w ould like to leave w ith you thl o n e thought "th a t n o m atter w hat type d safety cap you chbcx&e for your -women employTM to wear, It w ill never catlafy thorn ill". So, the best th a t you can do la occur a type of floioty cap th a t docs the work and Insist upon its beltoff worn when the operator la working on revolving m achinery. Goggles are on e of the m eet Im portant safety Items used In protecting our em ploy. No one tons, as yet. designed an all purpose safety goggle. In orne areas It sill bs easenti&l th a t the to g g les b e equipped w ith aid sh ields. In others th e plain Eesglee w ith o u t sido abielda will g ive adequate protection. In other placee the cu p type peggles wUi be preferable. There w ill b e hundreds of com plainte a s to w h y th e y oasraot err goggle on th is or shat particular operation And acme o f th ese com plaints WL3 bo Jtattflcd. During the war we had occasion to equip som e eigh t thou sand of our am- 554 ptoye* w ith safety goggle* and I fuel 1 can speak with som e eicperisne* &a to how txrf to cop w ith th e goggle situ ation . F irst--It is cftumtl&t th a t the Boggles be of the proper type to give adequate prtr tectlma or toa Job on w h ich it Jg to be used. SMOtid--U) guggle* tildst be properly adjusted ;nd IItied, T hird--th is suIJiiHtmeat can only be done by aomoone thoroughly trained in ibe proper fittin g and ad ju stin g of gougl*. F ourth --HOKglua m u st be kept, clean and when the lotiacn becom e p itted so that thoy hinder th e vision of the em ploye, the lens** should be changed. F ifth --cmc* the above casentlfda have been m et and th e em ploye 1a till eom plain taj about th wearing r>| tb s goggles he has either ome eye difficulty fnr which prescrlptlot goggle* nauat be ordered nr he U Just trying to get nut o l w earing th e eye protection We alw ays think Che f o r m 1 correct nnd advise the em ploy to b a r e an eye exiR ilnido by an optom etrist err preferably an oculLsi and a preacnpiiou secured. Wc then haw the proper BX prescription lenses grotinci aad placed in this aaplcye's gogglea. Tbm Shen checked by out geggi* service man aad the op tician or oculU t. By ioilc-wta the apovn altfsple procedure we have elim inated *9%. o? ffoagje com p lain ts o any sertco nature. T he other 1% n o one can aatlaiy and a Job Chang* or elim in ation it d m **.-} Mono goggle* con be wora over personal prescription glasses u n til proper RX a tti f lenaoe can be jectir*d ohd employea n eed in g prescription gcgglm con work s a hazar&u Jobs w ith th is type eye protection. Obviously welders goggles are n o t covered under th e above dlanuuJon and thue special type gocgl* sh ou ld be provided in the proper sh ade of lenses for the vrekfirj job th at ia to ha done. V roteeuv* face sh ields a som e tim e s used to protect the to dividual from flyinj particle an d th is m aterial ia satisfactory providing th e dying pcrtJdes an; sm all and bsignJficaot. However, our fixp-rleace w ith protective shield* as q u ite unsauaiastcrT i u they were discarded alm ost entirely d u e to the fact that th ey were being used to prtus gfllRAt flying particle* or the possibility of broken wheels or grinding d iscs which St* with w c h font* th a t t in protective sh ield did c o t protect from sever* injury to th* iu> 0 7 the danger of breaking personal glosses which were o ften worn under Unco, Wherever patslhlc, hazardous areas, in which eye protection is essential, should it w i a-slfic mid plainly m arked as "Goggle Areas" ano no one should be perm itted to 1 w ith ou t A<S<M&uai* and proper eye protector*. Sar plu#r, or rubber dlaphrazns are used m araa* In which th e nolM la dUtrcacci and aggravating to the em ploye and w hich over a lo o t period of axposurc (sueh u ihr Chile o f boiler m akers) la likely to cau se de&fneu. Respirators--poatttv pressure air hoods, type* used for dusts, fum es. gfl&c*. aMt and alkAlJii. One of th e moat hazardous of all occupations In Industry in unnd blasting in whkb the in h a la tio n of Hilo particles of silica d u st over long period o f tim e w ithout sdMjutti protection will cause th e dread disease known as sllicoali for which there h ao known m edical care. The Mine S afety Appliance has developed a sand blast hocA w ith p ositive pressure air lines w hich If worn con stantly w hile exposed to tha UUa b last operator. Instead of breathing th e contam inated air In th e area, h e la mjppHM With purified compressed air at th e rate of about six cubic feet per m in u te throuib t aped*! air lin e con n ected directly w ith h is r o i s k . However, at time* 1 have noted ti fter.il blast operations th a t th e operator wears the positive pressure stir hood duzlnf lit entire tim e th a t th e cud b last la going on but th a t w hen the work le being chan*w and th e area still q uite contam inated w ith the fine silica particle* floating In tbs u th a t th e hood is removed and no p rotection is wora. I feel that It I* e**eniial liu t a Ok Fee or W ilson type ro&pirittor be worn w hile the work la being changed on the os bleat table In order to avoid th is exposure to Me* dust, it 1 bain* reoomrarndad all dcpsrtm cLte wherever possible t h a t sh ot blasting sh ould be su b stitu ted Im uss blasting to avoid any possibility of exposure to large amount* of silica dust A very lig h t type of poMtlve pressure air mask Is made by the M ire Safety Ap?fcafi* w hich cun be used on various d usty Jabs or exposure to various fum es, ml!*, g u n . tic w hers udt!itir.U' e i l i s i u i vunilliUluii ia linjHVixItjle ThN pt/it,!va premium c.b fcoee optitatna on exactly the w m c principle a ih e heavier tund bloat hood b u t Is mad ol taporvlou* ligh ter m aterial* and i* n o t uncom fortable to wear Jfowever. tho air hrnlshed to th e operator us coc^rcM cd cJr w hich has prtvkrtjslf been purified of any ccotam m illion before being supplied to th e mask. Tfti* muk I* particularly to tu ck job* a* purcelam spray, p a in t sjjnty cleaning o f sckl and alkali tasks aat other lob* w here the exposure is su ch ok to bo Itnzafrfmia without, h aving adequateu supply. C lcaaing llic sxuiidt- o f u n it* isns n>vu<'d * gicnt tnemy ueatlw and a peda 555 prtM ure Ir hoda supplied zo ifce operator working Inaldo Ihfl tank would not hinder the cparadcn to any great extent but would give the worker* purified air to breathe regard la of wfcat the U n k con tain s w hich Is being cleaned. T h is ciaxk Is applicable to all hazardous occLtpafcUm In w hich expoauie la through the Inhalation of duet, mista, fumes or gane* There are many different type of noask in every day use which are applicable to the protection of the individual from the inhalation of vnrloua respiratory irritan u and toaJc agents. B ul H la essential that the righ t Ljrpc of respirator b u u d on the par ticular operation for w hich it La designed and recom m ended. It would b an foollah to UK ii Mart Indole mask jn the prevention o in halation o chlorine or other highly Ir ritating umfl ns to use a pair of canvas gloves in a h ea t treatm ent operation, if the fpin ttor is designed for a special usage It ahould be lim ned to that u u t and not list for other purposes. On th e cartridge type respirator* the attached cortidg* con tain* certain ch em icals w hich nre used part leu lar!? to fitter o u t cr neutral tt* tha fume* w which she individual Is feeing expo sed at 3h*t particular tu se. Obviously again, if t i c wrens ohemtaalfi are Is the cartridge w id th e exposure la to a type b itr.t w hich `.hey dc oat counteract, then the individual hu* ttls or no protection evm though ha 1 wearing i neapLratcr. Dr. Shafer: I i there aro any nu<utloiw. 1 will try le answer them. A Voice: W hat has te e your taperler.ee w ith lam inated goggle*? Dr. Sfc&fer: Plastic. A voice: Yes. The? are laminated. Dr. Shafer: Well, we h aven 't had any experience, W t have uoed one Bauch * Lomb devatajM&d and there Is a com pany Sr Dayton w hich develops plaatla goggle, b u t during Uta tim e th e war they had *o much work thoy d td s't do a noth ing about It: that la th< Calve* Company, I im agina tliey will ctune ou t w ith thesr pl&atlr molded goT> I suppoaa it`a all right, It was tested bafor and It gave adequate protection There isn't say rcjLBOU why It cou ld n 't be used. Mr. John b \ Carr, The Lu&rdnl Cor p o m so. WlellTe. Ohio: What experience have pay had w ith com p lain ts regarding the forging of vkrlmii type* of gogglci where m a c 1* do!rut work, for Instance, and is required to wear a d u st or fum e resisting gaggle? Or. Shafer: Wellj you have th at difficulty: there hi n o question about it. The eoluucm le n t exactly clear, name tizne* the one that l* m od with the (Inutile lens in front with the w ater supply, they can brush It ah down. It ha* given u< the m ost ucoe**fuJ nu. You know the one I am talking about? Mr. Carr: Ye*. Dr. fih tfer: But you still h ave the uudb problem ; the fog comea back again There u do good a n ti-lo g goggle I know about today. Mr. Carr: I th ou gh t possibly you would say th a t lbee hood* would hr good Dr. Shafer: The hood w ouldn 't give you m ud ) help. Dr. Emery R. H iy h u rtt. Columbun. Ohio: Doctor, d o you kuow any alarm signal or i p U c * or concentra liona th a t m ight occur of three toxic tub s lancet? Dr Shafer: Ye*, we do have on aulpfctirlc dioxide. Doctor. On the m e sa tia tio n of joipfuirle dioxide it au tom atically sei* off an alarm and opens th e ventilators and it wtl! dart the abftuet fan s on ly w hen there -an a concentration developed, but th a t was & only cec we had occasion for. With the newer g ia w used In refrigeration we don't bars any hazardous exposure of that type. A Voice: In the control of derm atitis did you try creama? You poke about * M h la i lour to six tim es a day w ith ou t applying erram* Wbat typo of subject did you use In your M il? Dr. Shafer: We tried every type of subject on th e mark**, and wc finally ended up with ono th a t la approved by th e General Motor*, n pulverirrd cap one with corr.Tnrel in It A Volee: D id you try th e t**t w ithout applying w arn *. In eorst rolling till# dnrm ntltu Dr. Shafer: Mo. v s didn't A Volee: Just washing? r s M Xv ( 'l ff L 556 Dr, Shafer: X im agine it worked o u t Just ab o u t as well, althou gh applying cream docs have Dome o ile d on the prevention of it g ettin g In to th e pare*, b u t lo abrasive areas It w ill gat through there frequently; th ere la no q u estio n about It. There l i also In volved th e Individual susceptibility to It In a ll denuaU ti*. becau se m en h are worked for y*m and years, side by side, doing the sam e work, h and lin g th e sam e com pounds, and on e fellow has the derm atitis and th e other fellow who does exactly the som e typa o f lob, in d en tion m all respects, doesn't have it. Mr, R obin Beach, Engineer, Brooklyn. New York: Wna X Just plain lucky on this or not? I did work an sta tic electricity at G oodyear Tire and Rubber, and on my first at Akron I got d erm atitis on my hands and arm s and It w ent doom to zny legs end and I J im fe lt like a leper. When I wont back to th e city I w ent to som e skin spnaelaltjrts; and o f course you knew th e old Baying about t h e m --it's q uite & racket-- the patient never dies, and n either da they g et wbU, (L a u g h ter ) t sp en t Lx or seven hundred dollars w h ile in th e city, and th e n I w en t back to Akron again. 1 wan pretty disappointed, bo fin ally X talked to a calender m an. 1 wild, "Do yon evRC gat th is sort of thing?'* He wild. "Oh. yes. about every six m onths I get a. touch o f it." I said. "W hat do you do?" He *aid, "I gut a teacup lu ll of ly&ol pour It In a cub o f water and crawl in to !t up to iny n eck , a n a th a t wiH clear It up." I Went back to th e h otel; Z did it, and w ith in tew days later 2 did H again, and a woak lata again, and I w as com pletely over It. Does th a t so u n d ituaablo to you? It th a t some th lo g th a t la really & treatm en t7 Mr, Shafer: Well, I have hoard a lot o f sim ilar th in g s tilong th a t line in which they used a very slm plo remedy. How m uch Lyaol did you tine? ,A Mr. oexnbe is out of the people On Olrcctai demons' Director the Cei because vitally i Mr, B each: A 1title teacup lu ll in. a tu b o i w ater. . % Dr. Bhater; T h at la a mild antlaecptic, T o say w heth er or n ot th a t did It, I don't knot ol Ohio *nd the Hie next individual may try It and. be may be a lit t le sen sitiv e and th e p b e n d j g p m lg llt muka i t a little worse, so h e would gLve you th e dlckenn for It. d fin B Mr. . Columbi) Mr. Carr: I had one more question. You m ay n o t be able to h elp m e, h u t I thought Frlen p ossibly there was uomtwno In th e room -who could. O ne o f our d ivisions handle (fl acid w h ich 1b a rather dangerous m aterial from th e stan d p oin t of akin exposure, and.* :tie Ind bock. an* new p la n t m anager brought us & iotnula called ferric chloride tin ctu re. He tellfi :tp it was used d u rin g the w&r In the petroleum in d u stry ter tlret old treatm ent o i phajifll hurim. Everywhere 7 have asked In the C leveland area they tell m e th a t the lin t aid procedure is to uee alcohol to wash oil th e p h e n o l and th e n treat for burns, and bo tells oao th a t h e has seen Individuals pretty thorough ly sprayed w ith p h en ol given immediate a tte n tio n w ith the te n ia chloride solution a n d go b ade to work the sam e day, toTJ wondered w heth er anyone here ever had any experience w ith th a t particular kind'- treatm ent? '*$ award yo1 You 1 are arrivi, for planni (here arc ()ve the ( problems i apportimi* Dr. Locksen, Columbus, Ohio: I can answer th a t q u estio n . 1 am p rad ioin g derma ..-rota-sec Ut tologist. I can tell you ferric chloride will give a plghifcntwtioa of the skin to a faiiij tn opporti large num ber oc persona and th is w ill by perm an en t, bo th a t If you apply farrlo chlcriAa has come t o n th e face or o n th e hands It will show lo r years to com e. T h a t h a s been used in the o do thes* treatm ent of poison ivy at times, and It isn't considered good therapy because of tbit n should b fact, I th in k your alcohol treatm ent, that neutralIz& tlon Is your bent treatm ent. u itie safe not be ells* it hould i problem s In We bell tell eve any tip.it today i Jianel wifi | nature in y $. i in atleir ipcrvisUm. in Colusnbu, riave the ab I we as tenure the t orvllmtnary i it vxaned lb