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FILE NAME Colonial Sugar Refinery CSR DATE 1956 July 10 DOC CSR026 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Editorial in Trade Journal - Dust Hazard in Industry 20 Dust Hazaridn V. 254 254 y pve Sit ant Milbourne Milbourne Milbourne Milbourne Milbourne Lovemar Lovemar Lovemar Lovemar aptiehaan and Management July 10 1956 Manufacturing ae ) ( tek adore pede Industry Nein beget of Health Survey of ac Details Given of Department Problems of Dust Control - a Dusty Trades . . . Collection Equipment Available . ee, Examples of Dust asm aban Staff Article als Editorial An Ure , eb Victorian Survey + of dust has long 32, quantities by of large health Effects of recently conducted conducted the industrial ae : NHALATION been recognised as a danger to indus- A survey of the Victorian Health Department | inhaling dusts such as are found in many over the hygiene division of Dr. D. L. G. Thomas showed tent! the supervision task have been studied particularly been made to prevent under that dust is a serious health hazard in several dusty beh tries Efforts have - century of harmful dust particles by the instal- trades in Victoria Melbourne ata dissemination and other methods Several An extensive ray survey of 4,000 and asbestosis lation of duisntclcuodlilnegctoErns gland U.S.A. and Australia workers disclosed 356 cases of silicosis 605d workers are countries aimed at dust suppres- have introduced regulations which are serious lung diseases Mawnityhout realising note a. sion especially in mines and foundries being slowly incapacitated by dust of breath tired- + shortness it Others complaining of rene of Dusts or a cough had not suspected the cause debib Types ness to harmful dust include miners rece of dusts encountered in industry include toxic Workers exposed brick and tile makers furnace Types osuey harmful and toxic dusts explosive dusts moulders potters masons and the mineral earth operatives nuisance dusts of apnrdoducts andarpirsiongducfrtosm being bqruiacrklrayymeerns boiler makers welders Fitri powdered form polishers - manufactured Toxic dusts are produced from poisonous material Incidence of Dust Victims for example lead but there are several toxic victims in Victoria dusts in a finely divided state whifcrhomarwehailcsho itnhjeurdiuosust The number of known dust Health Department survey was 522 _ to health although the material derived is not in itself harmful Examples are before the The investigation brought the including 343 miners of 565 miners ; inclusive is silica and asbestos number up to 1,100 air that are explosive when present in in Silicosis has long been recognised as an Auosctcruaplai-an4 Dusts include carbonaceous materials tional disease in mining but its extent in certain proporatnidongsrain and also many metallic dusts industry was not realised prior to the survey such as coal those from aluminium and titanium was diagnosed in a third of the asbestos = such as the _ discusses problems arising from woArskbeersstotseissted Of 260 rayed the health of 50 was This article 7. of harmful- dusts associated with many definitely impaired and 40 others showed early et ffeects presence industries It is generally assumed that the main which of the disease os from _.- to health comes dust particles More than 20 workers have become ill in the past danger five microns Fone- than in dia a micron months after inhaling vanadium dust mainly are less although _ : part of a millimetre invisible few - the through cleaning oil burning furnaces thousandth >. This means that dangerous dust is invisible to the protected by masks and protective clothing It can be detected and estimated by naked eye oa -" involving the use of micro- <" suitable instruments and counting A methods of size ranging Harmful Dusts and their Effects - . scopical the behavior of respirable dust method of studying evolved the Inspector of Factories in breathing of dust containing silica has been by - illumination and Prolonged oF mo England employing intea nse e . oO particles causes silicosis 4 '. cinematography . * Manufacturing and Management July 10 1956 Fs <e e @ Fig 1 Thics ase is a confirmed by the typical silicotic after 24 presence of asbestosis years in a miner^l grinding bodies in the sputum the works '@ Fig 2 right proved The abundance of silica in the earth's crust and the large number of people engaged in occupations involving the inhalation of dust containing free silica make silicosis the most important of diseases classified under the general heading of _ } pneumoconiosis Silica particles once in the lung set up a chemical action Nodules of connective tissue are formed which eventually greatly interfere with the elasticity _ - of the lungs Tuberculosis and silicosis are closely associated especially in quartz miners ray is the principle means of diagnosing silicosis although the radiological picture does not necessarily give a definite finding in all cases marked energy Shortness of breath symptoms of silicosis twenty years is one of the most common The disease takes from about to gain a grip according to intensity of exposure the that the intrusion condition is set up by the mechanical of asbestos fibres into the substance of the lungs People prone to the disease are those handling asbestos in its raw state or processing it to make lagging materials also operatives sawing and cutting any finished product containing asbestos sucahs brake. linings asbestos sheeting and various insulating materials Dismantling old dry lagging is a hazar- dous occupation Once established asbestosis constitutes a grave threat to life and health Symptoms are shortness of breath tightness and pain in the chest together with loss and tiredness Some patients show marked improvement after a course of physiotherapy Stringent regulations aimed at controlling the hazard asbestos dust have been framed in Victoria and when these come into force it is hoped that the Apart from removal from the hazard change to an incidence of asbestosis will steadily drop open life and physiotherapy to improve lung capacity there is no known treatment for silicosis Surveys made by the Division of Industrial Hygiene Victorian Department of Health prove that silicosis is a prevalent and serious disease in Victoria resulting in incapacity or diminishing efficiency Steps have been taken to eliminate siliceous dust but much remains to be done effectively controlling industrial hazards associated with the dusty trades A chest ray of a typical sufferer from silicosis is shown in Fig 1 and from asbestosis in Fig 2 Vanadium . - a Vanadium is a new dust Vanadium remains residual hazard in heavy oil after more volatile fractions such as petrol paraffin and diesel oil have been distilled It is a constituent of the exhausts of gas turbines using heavy residual oils Operatives cleaning fired boilers or relining combustion chambers are exposed to vanadium dust _ Symptoms vanadium dust poisoning include- irritation of the mucous membrane digestive disturb- ance nervous troubles and even blindness Asbestos Asbestosis is a disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos dust magnesium silicate It is believed Precautions against vanadium poisoning comprise efficient ventilation and hygiene and use of respira- tory apparatus special overalls and goggles \ 22 (\ . and Manogement, July 10, 1956 Monufecturing ~ eFILTER -HOSE MOTOR L FAN components for extraction @ Emsential components HOOD DUST ZONE They are- : dust laden Other Talc dust sugar Hood to suck in dust laden air; Hose to suck dust laden air air; used rubber factories cotton in canelungs . and dust can cause fibrositis Filter to suck away laden laden clean dust the Fan to Ae similar the Iron radiological effect Motor to induce movement movement to silicosis but with little ie PETS to Most lead poisoning poisoning little no symptoms inhalation poisoning caused by the of dust poisoning SEY of lead dust. equipment Equipment available for protection against includes respirators and of respirators various kinds Filter respirators toxic used tion against silica and commonly used sand hoods commonly sand blasters breathing breathing However is generally used by However _ preventing dissemination collection - dust source source and the dissemination is the best method method of combating the dust problem ig In machine shops shops collection room ventilation or hoods made size air factfoirsioreussrcte later extraction extractaiiorn these susppeainnrsetifiofnciclpiseenceuy rchfirst air zone collection collection source comparison comparison comparison comparison the rate fall of spherical particles particles different different sizes shows shows the inefficiency inefficiency % towfo mt etwhoodsmethods shows the inefficiency the first 2z of particle with Dustuctor Dustuctor LVHV Surface type grinder with - $ while while particle 10 LVHV cowl cowl -. a size increases increases still sec 10 micron a 20 the rate 0.3 cm induce and the rate micron micron particle particle rises to 12 et cm sec_ of rises to movement micron Alternatively vacuum source to used used in in, Dustuctor system an driven eductor later. a Therefore Therefore Therefore small a 20 dispersed Therefore Dustuctor Dustuctor described normal normal in of dust foundries well remain suspension very elements include- influencing choice - - : long periods with results . very include- include- these particles harmful harmful results operators generation generation generation condition cannot particles collected collected source working catch permits near Shaped zone dust catch heavier heavier heavier collected at source, such particles particles some point natural trajectories trajectories To If Extraction are finely dispersed dispersed particles natural entering the the particles condition Dust Extraction must sweep and lower zone concentra- speed speed Spe resolved connected equipment sufficient deflect them pathologicaly pathologically concentra- concentra- concentra- contaminant contaminant to pathologically level level. pathologically can shown Fig tion Dust extraction equipment shown in Fig. 3. tion of contaminant pathologically pathologicaly the series connected components > qufacturing nufacturing nufacturing Management Management 1956 baffles chosen chosen comply with se. rements LengItnhside diameter comply comply with sufficient flow rements. rements velocity more than ; an air dust collected at hood hood sufficient Just withstand collected abrasion abrasion inside filter ld withstand dust minimise friction 1d be ld smooth smooth types of filters Iter. tia gravity There five maincyclones Mechanical tia eens gravity .ens, strostatic strostatic etc. 3. Viscous Washers Washers hoice influenced by the nature roice of of generated generated unt of unt generated - invest eee a 23 - Dustportableintocormepsrpoinssiinbgle 23 dust low volume high The system employs 3 a large HOW of 23 system of using air The volume volume velocity space stream system employs volume large vaguely vaguely , Instead using selected selected points resulting resulting substantial concentrated concentrated concentrated at economy air selected points dust Hose to After entraining substantial substantial economy filter and which sary from the stream by means suitable suitable collectors 4 high stream collection units mainly small portable portable portable units mainly high efficiency semicyclone cyclones followed high efficiency cloth 5 cyclones followed a grade and The cyclones for collecting and and adepnosidting fdepositinog rm primary container separation 95 enpsu.ricng. tenshurieng separation separation minimum passing filter is minimum minimum specially chosen material filter cleaning pressure easily be replacement a replacement are The vacuum source May either built 149 may driven vacuum source or vacuum eductor fre Poe wee Fig Fig England Efficiency of filtering the dust collectors are all capable These degree capable filtering laden air to a hdieghmanded of efficiency efficiency dust The standard Mining Mining Health Authori- ties in requires more than than 300 particles per c.c. of requires requires that not 0.5 micron 300 be dispersedusteod tihne aatmostphemre oastpmhoesrpehere filtration The this filter units @ Fig. 5 of grinder grinder LY. -Cowi HY. Dustuctor Dustuctor methods include Dustuctor Aust distributed distributed Australia i by Holman system Ltd. in Aus the Dustuctor In entrained Dustuctor Dustuctor system dust sy by means virtually virtually designed designed point generation extraction extraction is designed cowls cowls sleeves sleeves rings the point of generation, by extraction extraction rings. designed cowls, sleeves or i requirement Applications the Dustuctor Dustuctor system to Successful applications include Dustuctor system to to portable power tools radial grinders portable grinders grinders used and castings grinders Figs 4 abrasive abrasive wheels and swing frame Fettling Chisel Sleeve made made made rubber Dustuctor fettling sleeve wheifcfhective made 0 collecting collecting offers simple simple effective created means of the edge fettling dangerous dangerous used in foundries foundries for operations cleaning and de scaling castings similar operations chisel The de scaling two ducts in . the chisel chisel sleeve either side tht rough h tehe ccuuttttiinngg edge of for away hose for l safee d disposal disposal through light in plastic plastic g Dustuctor @ Fig. abowing hoses fettiing chisel sleeve. jeading to dust collec: These ducts in from from the the edge and rubber kept about back the as-the shortens shortens during itsworking life life life. _ The positioned positioned firmly annular annular ring rin octagonal octagonal which the in sleeve coincides with wit itself sleeve its absorbing qualities convenient convenient convenient comfort its shock absorbing comfort are to ovapcueumraotpeorarto.r.-- operator.- shack qualities required . depresion which of mercury vacuum sleeve mercury required depression sleeve 5 passes passes volume of which ccu.uft.ft cuit per minute 6.5 cu.ft . sleeve passes 4 sleeve designed sleeve for whichwith dust collection units units 6u,nitiss units described above for use with dust designed described above. - tou wait re r ee ee Bec Pong + Souk mee sa come= me comaetse ort e tbe ee oe Peart Manufacturing and Management July 10 1956 24 Hollow Chisels a another method of dust control for fettling chiIsnels used experimentatlhlry oiun gEhnghloalnldowloccahliseexlhaaunsdt hammer ventilation is applied the pneumatic the dust extracted through an eductor or Exhaust air can be provided by rotary exhauster method is similar to a successful control . This in which dust is extracted through system in mines through the pneumatic a hollow drill and taken away hammer itself A hollow chisel has been used for fettling and cinematograph films show that , castings was brought under control rough the dust The air is then downward in the rear compartment of direction removing all drawn upward this change but the finest particles of dust outside of 21 filter The fine dust is arrestefdraomne tihne the front compart- bags suspended from a total filter surface of approx ment and providing a bags be agitated by means 265 sq ft The filter may the unit thus allowing dust of a lever on the side of to fall into a tray for removal applied Power dust extractor system has been The manufacturer's own machine shop successfully in the grinders but to lathes and milling not only to surface for machining cast iron Hoods machines dweshigneed ndesuisgended to suit the individual machines specially dust used for collection at source are Power Dust Extractor grinders an internal view of The Power dust extractor manufactured by Pauer & which is shown in Fig 7 is Victoria and was Co. Pty Ltd. North Melbourne surface designed for use with stationary and similar applications Under the action of a centrifugatlotaelxlyhauesntclofsaend powered by a ~fl h.p. 2f,r9o0m0 trh.ep.mp.oint of generation motor dust is drawn hood laden by means of a specially designed rubber suction hose airis conveyed through special of the unit and drawn 2 in inside dia to the top view of Power dust extractor showing rubber @ Fig Internal and filter bags suction hose exhaust fan Daily News Sheet colored banner of Today's A.P.M. Under the bright Mr. Hugh Rogers is News Melbourne mill manager which is proving producing a daily news page extremely popular at the mill The page contains up to six short paragraphs about mill and company activities which it is fordigraphed is The headed sheet on for each day of the week different bright color with other notices in athat it will not be confused so and to make it easy to see . Ten Ways of Saving Office Space 1. Microfilm storage records 2. Use drawer filing cabinets 3. Use functional equipment 4. Standardise size of offices 5. Provide sotfafincdeartdo asiusilte tshpeawcoerk flow 6. Arrange 7. Use movable partitions of the number partitions 8. Reduce 9. dPeropvairdtemecnetntsralised reception splaicberary 10. Provide a centralised company between THE GOAL president industry must be to The primary goal of any and more make a better and beatntder lporwoedrucctofsotr m ao nrde still retain at a lower Walter W. Killough profit Mr a Melfabiorurne Division Australian Institute of Manage . ment