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260 CHAPTER IX 1957 Guide 8 State Building Construction! Code Applicable to One- and Two-Family Dwell ings, State Building Code Commission, 1740 Broadway, New York 19, N. Y. * Predetermining Airation of Industrial Buildings, by W. C. Randall and E. W. Conover (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 37, 1931, p. 605). ,0 Dairy Stable Ventilation, by F. L. Fairbanks (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 34, 1928, p. 181). Cow Bam Ventilation, by Alfred J. Qffner (A S.H.V.E. Trans actions, Vol. 39, 1933, p. 149). For additional information on this subject refer to Technical Bulletin, U. S.'Department of Agriculture (1930), by M. A. R. Kelley. Also see Air Conditioning of Farm Buildings, by F. L. Fairbanks (Agricultural Engineer ing, November, 1937, p. 485), Dairy Stable Ventilation (Revision of-1949) by F. L. 'Fairbanks and A. M. Goodman (Cornell University, Cornell Extension Bulletin No. 151) and The Ventilation of Poultry Laying Houses (Revision of 1950) by F. L. Fairbanks and A. M. Goodman (Cornell University, Cornell Extension Bulletin No. 315). 11 Code of Minimum Requirements for Heating and Ventilating Garages (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 41,1935, p. 30). Airation Study of Garages, by W. C. Randall and L. W.. Leonhard (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 36, 1930, p. 233). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 874--Carbon Monoxide Concentration in Garages, by A. S. Langsdorf and R. R. Tucker (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 36, 1930, p. 511). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 935--Carbon Monoxide Distribu tion' in Relation to the Ventilation of an Underground Ramp Garage, by F. C. Houghten and Paul McDermott (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 38,1932, p. 439). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 934--Carbon Monoxide Distribution in Relation to the Ventilation of a One-Floor Garage, by F. C. Houghten and Paul McDermott (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 38, 1932, p. 424). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 967--Carbon Monoxide Distribution in Relation to the Heating and Ventilation of a One-Floor Garage, by F. C. Houghten and Paul McDermott (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 39, 1933, p. 395). Carbon Monoxide Surveys of Two Garages, by A H. Sluss, E. K. Campbell and Louis M. Farber (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 40, 1934, p. 263). BIBLIOGRAPHY Garage ventilation Experimental Studies on the Effect of Ethyl Gasoline and its Combustion Prod ucts, by R. R. Sayers, A. C. Fieldner, W. P. Yant and B. G. H. Thomas (U. S. Bureau of Mines Monograph No. 2, 1927). Ventilation of Vehicular Tunnels, by A. C. Fieldner, Yandell Henderson, J. W. Paul, R. R. Sayers, et al (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Jan.-Dee. 1926). Use of Diesel Engines in Tunnels, by S. H. Ash and L. L. Naus (V. S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular No. 7222, 1942). Ventilation Involved in the Use of Gasoline Powered Equipment in Enclosed Spaces, by L. B. Berger (U. S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular No. 7404,1947). Diesel Engines Underground: Composition of Exhaust Gas from Engines in Proper Mechanical Condition, by J. C. Holtz, L. B. Berger, M. A. Elliott and H. H. Schrenk (U. S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations No. 3508, 1940). Diesel Engines Underground: Use of Diesel Locomotives in Construction of the Delaware Aqueduct: Effect of Exhaust Gases upon Quality of Tunnel Air, by L. dBerger, M. A. Elliott, J. C. Holtz and H. H, Schrenk (U. S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations No. 4032, 1947). CHARTER 12 HEATING LOAD General Procedure, Design Outdoor Weather Conditions, Inside Temperatures, Attic Temperatures, Temperatures in Unheated Spaces, Ground Tempera tures, Basement Temperatures and Heat Loss, Heat Losses from Floor Slabs, Transmission Heat Loss, Infiltration Heat Loss, Selection of Wind Velocities, Auxiliary Heat Sources, Intermittently Heated Buildings, Residence Heat Loss Problems PRIOR to designing a heating system, an estimate must be made of the maximum probable heat loss of each room or space to be heated, based on maintaining a selected inside air temperature during periods of design outdoor weather conditions. The heat losses may be divided into two groups, namely: (1) the transmission losses or heat transmitted through the confining walls, floor, ceiling, glass or other surfaces; and (2) the in filtration losses or heat required to warm outside air which leaks in through cracks and crevices, around doors and windows, opening of doors and win dows, or heat required to warm outside air used for ventilation. GENERAL PROCEDURE The general procedure for calculating heat losses of a structure is: 1. Select the design outdoor weather conditions: temperature, wind direction and wind velocity. The data on climatic conditions given in Table 1 and the isotherms of average design temperature in Fig. 1 will be helpful, but should be used with judg ment as suggested in the section Design Outdoor Weather Conditions. 2. Select the inside air temperature, which is to be maintained in each room during the coldest weather. (See Table 2). 3. Estimate temperatures in adjacent unheated spaces and the attic. The attic temperature need not be estimated if the combined roof and ceiling coefficient is used. 4. Select or compute the heat transmission coefficients for outside walls and glass; fn ? a lns*c*? wahs, floors, or top-floor ceilings, if these are next to unheated space; i ciude roof if next to heated space. (See Chapter 9. If the design wind velocity <.n^P^ec ^ different from 15 mph, the appropriate change in the heat transmission ter) cients ln Tables 5 to 15 of Chapter 9 can be found in Table 20 of that chap as a ,".ure net area of outside wall, glass and roof next to heated spaces, as well any cold walls, floors or ceilings next to unheated space. Such measurements are e trom building plans, or from the actual building, using inside dimensions, and r^fTMpUue beat-transmission losses for each kind of wall, glass, floor, ceiling bvthft ln building by multiplying the heat transmission coefficient in each case inoia are,a ` the surface in square feet, and the temperature difference between the _ue and outside air. (See Items 1, 2, and 3). taking?0* un'*' va^ues aI)d compute the heat equivalent of the infiltration of cold air kind or "j6ground outside doors and windows. These unit values depend on the inside nVji " crack, wind velocity, and the temperature difference between the leak;,,.??u outside air; the result expresses the heat required to warm up the cold air 8 w1Dt the budding per hour. (See Chapter 11). air conH'fa P.os't've ventilation using outdoor air is provided by an air heating or an must LpUU'PS unit, the heat required to warm the outside air to room temperature amount Prov?ded by the unit; if mechanical exhaust from the room is provided, in must ale<1Ka t0 outside air drawn in by the unit, the natural infiltration losses "O be provided for by the unit. If no mechanical exhaust is used, and the 261