Document qarMmNX4Gwa9brDk32Repb94M

TOXIC SUBSTANCES s-io: 31:8335 Mstant Secretary or the Director, and. (8) "OSHA Area Director" means the (1) Vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chlonae upon request of an employee or former Director for the Occupational Safety Is manufactured, reacted, repackaged, employee, to a physician designated by and Health Administration Area Office stored, handled or used: and the employee or to a new employer. having jurisdiction over the geographic (11) Vinyl chloride concentrations are (ill) Any physician who conducts a area in which the employer's establish In excess of the permissible exposure medical examination required by this ment is located. limit. paragraph shall furnish to the employer <9) "Polyvinyl chloride" means poly (2) Access to regulated areas shall be a statement of the employee's suitability vinyl chloride homopolymer or copoly limited to authorized persons. A daily for employment in the specific exposure. mer before such Is converted to a fabri roster shall be made of authorized per-, [Secs. 1910.1003-1910.1016 added at 39 FR 3755, January 29, 1974, effective February 11, cated product. '"(10) "Vinyl chloride" means vinyl eons who enter. (f) Methods of compliance. Employee 19741 _ chloride monomer. exposures to vinyl chloride shall be con S 1910.1017 Vinyl chloride. y (c) Permissible exposure limit. Cl) Mo 1 employee may be exposed to vinyl chlo trolled to at or below the permissible ex posure limit provided in paragraph (c) () Scope and application. (1) This ride at concentrations greater than 1 ppm of this section by engineering, work prac section Includes requirements for the control of employee exposure to vinyl averaged over any 8-hour period, and (2) No employee may be exposed to tice, and personal protective controls as follows: chloride (chloroethene). Ab vinyl chloride at concentrations greater (1> Feasible engineering and work stracts Service Registry No. 75014. than 5 ppm averaged over any period not practice controls shall immediately be (Section 1910.93q(a) (1) amended at 39 FR exceeding IS minutes. used to reduce exposures to at or below 41848, December 3. 1974; 19l0.93q was (3) No employee may be exposed to the permissible exposure limit. redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (2) This section applies to the manu facture, reaction, packaging, repackag ing, storage, handling or use. of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride, but does not apply to the handling or use of fabri cated products made of polyvinyl chlo ride. (3) This section applies to the trans portation of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride except to the extent that the Department of Transportation may regulate the hazards covered by this sec tion. <b) Definitions. ci> "Action level" vinyl chloride by direct contact with liquid vinyl chloride. (d) Monitoring. <1> A program of Initial monitoring and measurement bail be undertaken in each establish ment to determine if there is any em ployee exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the action level. (2) Where a determination conducted under paragraph (d)(1) of this section shows any employee exposures, without regard to the use of respirators, in ex cess of the action level, a program for de termining exposures for each such em ployee shall be established Such a pro (2) Wherever feasible engineering and work practice controls which can be in stituted Immediately are not sufficient to reduce exposures to at or below the per missible exposure limit, they shall none theless be used to reduce exposures to the lowest practicable level, and shall be supplemented bv respiratory protection in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. A program shall be established and implemented to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible exposure limit, or to the greatest extent feasible, solely by means of engineering and work practice controls, as soon as feasible. means a concentration of vinyl chloride gram: (3) Written plans for such a program of 0.5 ppm averaged over an 8-hour work (1) Shall be repeated at least monthly shall be developed and furnished upon day. where any employee is exposed, without request for examination and copying to (2) "Assistant Secretary" means the regard to the use of respirators, in ex authorized representatives of the Assis Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa cess of the permissible exposure limit. tant Secretary and the Director. Such tional Safety and Health, UU. Depart (li) Shall be repeated not less than plans shall be updated at least every six ment of Labor, or his designee. quarterly where any employee is exposed, months. (3) "Authorized person" means any ' without regard to the use of respirators. person specifically authorized by the em In excess of the action level. ployer whose duties require him to enter a regulated area or any person- entering such an area as a designated representa tive of employees for the purpose of ex (ill) May be discontinued for any em' ployee only when at least two consecu tive monitoring determinations, made not ' jess than s working days apart, show ex- ercising an opportunity to observe moni toring and measuring procedures. (4) "Director" means the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DUS. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, or bis designee. () "Emergency" means any occur rence such as, but not limited to, equip ment failure, or operation of a relief de vice which is likely to, or does, result in massive release of vinyl chloride. ` posures for that employee at or below 'the action level. (3) whenever there has been a pro duction, process or control change which may result in an Increase In the release of vinyl chloride, or the employer has any other reason to suspect that any em. ployee may be exposed in excess of the action level, a determination of employee exposure under paragraph (d) (l) of this section shall be performed. (8) "Fabricated product" means a product made wholly or partly from polyvinyl chloride, and which does not require further processing at tempera (4) The method of monitoring and measurement shall have an accuracy (with a confidence level of 95 percent) of not less than plus or minus 50 percent tures, and tv times, sufficient to cruse mass melting of the polyvinyl chloride from 0.25 through 0.5 ppm, plus or minus 35 percent from over 05 ppm through resulting in the release of vinyl chloride. IP ppm, and plus or minus 25 percent (7) "Hazardous operation" means any over IP ppm. (Methods meeting these (g) Respiratory protection. Where respiratory protection is required under this section: (1) The employer shall provide a respirator which meets the requirements of this paragraph and shall assure that the employee uses such respirator, except that until April 1, 1976, wearing of respira tors shall be si the discretion of each em ployee for exposures not in excess of 25 ppm. measured over any 15-minute period. Until April 1, 1976. each employee who chooses not to wear an appropriate respirator dull be informed at least quarterly of the hazards of vinyl chloride and the purpose, proper use, and limitations of respiratory devices, |Section 19l0.93q(g)(l) amended at 40 FR 13211, March 25, 1975; Section 1910.93q was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072. May 28, 1975] (2) Respirators shall be selected from among those Jointly approved by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Admin operation, procedure, or activity where a accuracy requirements are available in istration. Department of the Interior, release of either vinyl chloride liquid or the "NIOSH Manual of Analytical and the National Institute for Occupa gas might be expected as a consequence Methods"). tional Safety and Health under the pro of the operation or because of sn accident in (5) Employees or their designated rep visions of SO CFR Part 11. the operation, which would result in an employee exposure in excess of the permiv able exposure limit. {Section 1910.93q(b) (7) amended at 39 FR resentatives shall be afforded reasonable opportunity to observe the monitor ing and measuring required by this paragraph. (3) A respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of 11910.134 shall be established and maintained. 41848, December 3, 1974; Section 1910.93q it) Regulated area. (l> A regulated (4) Selection of respirators tjr vinyl was redesignated at 1910.1017 et 40 FR area shall be established where: 23072, May 28, 1975] chloride shall be as follows: 11-11-76 Copyright C 1976 by Tho Butoou oi Notionol Afioir*, Inc. (Sac. 1910.1017(g)(4)] S3 EC- 2362 31:8336 REFERENCE FILE Atmospheric concentration of vinyl chloride Acquired apparatus chloride In excess of the permissible limit and necessary protective steps; (1) Unknown, or above 3,800 ppm_ Opon-clrcult, sslf-contained breathing apparatus, pree- Oil) The purpose for, proper use, and limi ur demand type, with full facepleoe. tations of respiratory protective devices; (U) Not over 3,600 ppm---------------- (A) Combination typo O supplied air respirator, pres sure demand type, with full or half (aceplaca, [Section I9t0.93q(j)(l)(iii) amended at 39FR ad auxiliary self-contained lr supply: or 41848, December 3, 1974,and redesignated as (B) Combination Type C. supplied sir respire tor continuous 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975} Oil) Not over 1.000 flow type, full or tulf fecepiece, undi eintillnry Mf-contained sir supply. Uv> The .fire hazard and acute toxic Type c, (applied ity of vinyl chloride, and the necessary ppm. Jr respirator, continuous flow protective stem: (v) The purpose for and a description type, with full of the monitoring program; or half face- (vi) The purpose for, and a descrip piece, helmet or tion of,' the medical surveillance Ov) Not ovci 100 ppm-- (v) Not over 25 ppm hood. (A) Combination type C supplied air tesplrstor de mand type, with fun facepiece, and auxiliary Mlf-ooo&tAliitd Air rorolj; or (B) Open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus _ with fuH facepiece, ludemand mode: or (0) Type C supplied air respirator, demand type, with full fACA&tece* (A) A powered alr-punfytng respirator with hood, hairnet, full or half facepiece, and a canister which provides a service life of at least houia for concernstlons of vinyl chloride tip ucoaram: (vil) Emergency procedures; - (Till) Specific information to aid the employee in recognition of conditions which may result In the release of vinyl chloride: and (lx) A review of this standard at the employee's first training and indoctrina tion program, and annually thereafter. (2) All materials relating to the pro gram shall be provided upon request to (vi) 'Not over 10 ppm------ (B) Oaa nuuEfiront- or back-mounted canister which provides a service life of at least 4 hours far concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 25 ppm. (A) Combination type C supplled-alr respirator, Os mond type,- with half fecepiece, and auxiliary the Assistant Secretary and the Director. <k) Medical surveillance. A program of medical surveillance shall be insti tuted for each employee exposed, with out regard to the use of respirators, to eelf-contained air supply: or Vinyl chloride in excess of the action (B) Type C suppUed-air respirator, demand type, with level. The program shall provide each half facepiece; or (C) Any chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge which provides a service life of at least l hour for concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 10 ppm. such employee with an opportunity for examinations and tests In accordance with this paragraph. All medical ex aminations and procedures shall be per formed by or under the supervision of -a [Section 1910.93q (4) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 licensed physician, and shall be provided and redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975| without cast to the employee. (5) (i) Entry Into unkown concentra tions or concentrations greater than 36,000 ppm (lower explosive limit) may be made only for purposes of life rescue; and (ii) Entry Into concentrations of less than 36,000 ppm, but greater than 3,600 ppm may be made only for purposes of life rescue, firefighting, or securing equipment so as to prevent a greater hazard from release of vinyl chloride. (6) Where air-purifying respirators are used: (1) Air-purifying cannlsters or car tridges shall be replaced prior to the expiration of their service life or the end of the Shift in which they are first used, whichever occurs first, and (ii) a continuous monitoring and alarm system shall be provided where concentrations of vinyl chloride could reasonably exceed the allowable concen trations for the devices in use. Such sys tem hsii be used to alert employees when vinyl chloride concentrations exceed the allowable concentrations for the devices In use, (7) Apparatus prescribed for higher concentrations may be used for any lower concentration. (h> Hazardous operations. (1) Em ployees engaged in hazardous operations, including entry of vessels to clean poly vinyl chloride residue from vessel walls, shall be provided and required to wear and use; (1) Respiratory protection In accord ance with paragraphs (c) and (g) of this section: and (11) Protective garments to prevent (1)At the time of initial assignment, skin contact with liquid vinyl chloride or or upon institution of medical surveil with polyvinyl chloride residue from lance; vessel walls. The protective garments (1) A general physical examination shall be selected for the operation and Its possible exposure conditions. (2) Protective garments shall be pro vided clean and dry for each use. (1) Emergency situations. A written operational plan for emergency situa tions shall be developed for each facility storing, handling or otherwise using vinyl chloride as a liquid or compressed gas. Appropriate portions of the plan shall be implemented in the event of an emergency- The plan shall specifically provide that: (1) Employees engaged in hazardous operations or correcting situations of ex isting hazardous releases shall be equipped as required In paragraph (h> of this section: shall be performed, with specific atten tion to detecting enlargement pf liver, epleen or kidneys, or dysfunction in these organs, and for abnormalties in skin, connective tissues and the pulmonary system (See Appendix A). (U) A medical history shall be taken, including the following topics: (A) Alcohol intake; (B> Past history of hepatitis; (C) Work history and past exposure to potential hepatotoxic agents, includ ing drugs and chemicals; (D) Past history of blood transfu sions; and (E) Fast history of hospitalizations. (Ill) A serum specimen shall be ob tained and determinations made of: (A) Total bilirubin; (2> other employees not so equipped (3) Alkaline phosphatase; shall evacuate the area and not return (C) Serum glutamic oxa]acetic trans until conditions are controlled by the aminase (SOOT): methods required In paragraph (f) of this section and the emergency la abated. (j) Training. Each employee engaged in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride operations shall be provided training In a program relating to the hazards of vinyl chloride and precautions for its CD) Serum glutamic pyruvic transam inase (SOFT); and (E) Oamma glustamyl transpeptidase. (2) Examinations provided in accord ance with this paragraph shall be per formed at least: safe use. (1) Every 6 months for each employee (1) The program shall Include: Who has been employed In vinyl chlo (1) The nature of the health hazard ride or polyvinyl chloride manufacturing from chronic exposure to vinyl chloride for 10 years or longer; and Including specifically the carcinogenic (U> Annually for all other employees. hazard; (3) Each employee exposed to an (U) The specific nature of operations emergency shall be afforded appropriate which could result In exposure to vinyl medical surveillance. Occupational Safety & Hsalth Reporter [Sec. 1910.101700(3)1 EC- 2363  <!A t'. --i TOXIC SUBSTANCES S-119 31:8337 (4) A statement of each employee's suitability for continued exposure to vinyl chloride including use of protec tive equipment and respirators, shun be obtained from the examining physician promptly after any examination. A copy of the physician's statement shall be pro vided each employee. , (5) If any employee's health would be materially impaired by continued ex posure, such employee shall be with drawn from possible contact with vinyl chloride. ,, (6) Laboratory analyses for all bio logical specimens Included in medical examinations shall be performed in labo ratories licensed under 43 CFB Part 74. (7) If tEe examining physician deter mines that alternative medical examina tions to those required by paragraph (fc)(l) of this section will provide at least equal assurance of detecting med ical conditions pertinent to the exposure to vinyl chloride, the employer may ac cept such alternative examinations as meeting the requirements of paragraph (k)(l) of this section. If the employer obtains a statement from the examining physician setting forth the alternative examinations and the rationale for sub stitution. This statement,shall be avail able upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assistant Secretary and the Director. - Q> Signs and labels. (1) Entrances to regulated areas shall be posted with leg ible signs bearingthe legend: Cixat-SmncT Kauri Axxx SstBouas Pexsonnh, OiftT [Section 19l'a93q fl) (1) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975]. ! 12) Areas containing hazardous oper ations or where, an emergency currently exists shall be posted with legible signs hearing the legend: ` Concrx-Suspect Asxht m This Ain faoTEcrivs KQtnruENT BiQOnan AuTHoarzsD Posoniil Omly [Section 1910.93q Q)(2) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975] (3) Containers of polyvinyl chloride Vesta waste from reactors or other waste contaminated with vinyl chloride shall be legiblylabeled:- .- . - COlfTAHZHXTD WIT* Vnm. Caintni CxHGza-Buxrscr Aeon [Section l910.93q (I) (3) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesig nated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28,1975] (4) Containers of polyvinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled; . Pcltviwtl Cnonra (ox Taxes Nxxx) Contains Vnm CnLoam Vnm Chloxidi ix x Cxhcb-Subpsot Asnre (5) .Containers of vinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled eiUtfcr: (1) Vum Cwuwma Emnm.T ruxxuu Qxs Unsb Pbsssubx Cxsen-Snsnei Aosavr or Gi) In accordance with 49 CFR Ruts 170-189, with the additional legend: Cxncxs-Suspect Agkht applied near the label or placard. [Section 1910.93q 0) (5) GO amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974 and redesig nated u 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, Map 28, 1975] (6) No statement shall appear an or near any required sign, label or Instruc tion which contradicts or detracts from the effect of. any required warning, information or instruction, <m> Records. (1) AH records main tained in accordance with this section ghall include the name and social secu rity number ctf each employee where relevant. (2) Records of required monitoring and measuring, medical records, and au thorized personnel rosters, shall be made nd han be available upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assistant Secre tary and the Director. (1) Monitoring and measuring records shall: (A) State the date of such monitor ing and measuring and the concentra tions determined and Identify the instru^ ments and methods used: (B) Include any additional informa tion necessary to determine individual employee exposures where such expo sures are determined by means other than individual monitoring of employees; and . (C) Be maintained for not less than 30 years. - Ul) Authorized personnel rosters shall he maintained for not less than 30 yean. (Ul) Medical records shall be main tained for the duration of the employ ment of each employee plus 30 years, or 30 years, whichever Is longer- <- (3) In the event that the employer ceases to do business and there is no successor to receive and retain' bis rec ords for the prescribed period, these rec ords shall be transmitted by registered mall to the Director, and each employee individually notified In writing of this transfer. , (4) Employees or their - designated , representatives shall be .provided access to examine and copy records of required monitoring and measuring. (5) Former employees Shall be pro vided, access to examine and copy re quired monitoring and measuring records reflecting their own exposures. (6) Upon written request of any em ployeeL a copy of the medical record of that employee shall be furnished to any physician designated by the employee. (n> Reports. (1) Not later than 1 month after the establishment of a reg ulated area, the following Information gViai) he reported to the OSHA' Area Di rector. Any changes to such information shall be reported within 15 days, (I) 'The address and location of each establishment which has one or more regulated areas; and (II) The number of employees In each regulated area during normal operations, including maintenance. . (3) Emergencies, and the facts ob tainable at that time, shall be reported within 34 hours to the OSHA Area Di rector. Upon request of the Area Direc tor, the employer shall submit additional Information In writing relevant to the nature and extent of employee exposures and measures taken to prevent future emergencies of similar nature. (3) Within 10 working days following any monitoring and measuring which discloses that any employee has been exposed, without regard to the use of respirator* In excess of the permissible exposure limit, each such employee sliail be notified In Writing of the results of the exposure measurement and the steps being- taken to reduce the exposure to within the permissible exposure limit. |Section 1910.93q (n) (3) amended at 39 FR 41848, December 3, 1974; Section 1910.93a was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28. 1975] (o) Effective dates. (1) Until April 1, 1975, the provisions currently set forth in Sec. 1910.93q of this Part shall apply. [Ed. note: This paragraph refers to the emergency temporary standard published at 39 FR 12343] "(2) Effective April 1,1975, the provisions set forth in Sec. I910.93q of this nut shall [lection 19l0.93q(o)(l) and (2) amended at 40 FR 13211 March 25, 1975; Section 1910.93q was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072, May 28,1975] Amoo A--SumramuT SAxsrcxr. XuroaMxtHMf * When required tea* under paragraph (h)(1) of this section shew abnormalities, the testa should ba repeated as soon as prac ticable, preferably within s to-4 weeks. U tests remain abnormal, aonalderatlon should beglven to.withdrawal of tha employes from contact- with vinyl chloride, while a more comprehensive examination, is mads. Additional tests, which may bs useful: 'A. For kidney dysfunction: urine examina tion far albumin, red blood cello, and ex foliative abnormal cells. ( [See. 1910.1017 (Appendix All 2-16-78 ;,,. _ Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC.. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037 17 EC- 2364 31:8338 REFERENCE FILE B. Pulmomry tjfttm: Forced rltel epre tty. Farced expiratory volume at I second, and chert roentgenogram (poaterior-anterior. M x 17 Inchea), C. Additional aoum texta: Lactic acid de- ftjdrogenasc, lactic acid dehydrogenaae Isoenzyme, protein determination,' TMi "Director" means the Director of the National Institute for Occupation al Safety and Health, UJ3. Depart ment of Health, Education, and Wel fare, or designee. "Emergency" means any occurrence protein electrophoresis. D. For a more comprehensive examination on repeated abnormal serum taata: Hepatltia g antigen, and liver manning. (Sect. < and B, M 6tat. 1698. IBM (SB DAC. BBS, B67); secretary of labor's Order No. such as, but not llml&d to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or fail ure of control equipment which may, or does, result In a massive release of benzene. 13-71,38 FB 8764) "OSHA Area Office" means the (Section 1910.93q added at 39 FR 12343. office of the Occupational Safety and April 5, 1974, at emergency temporary Health Administration having Jurisdic standard; issued at permanent standard at 39 tion over the geographic area where FR 35896. October 4, 1974; Section the affected workplace Is located. 1910.93q was redengnated 1910.1017 at 40 tc Permissible exposure limits--(1) FR 23072, May 28, 1975) J Inhalation--(1) Time-weighted average 11110.1028 Benzene. limit iTWAX The employer shall assure that no employee Is exposed to (a) Scope and application. (X) This an airborne concentration of benzene section applies to each place of em in excess of 1 part benzene per million ployment where benzene is produced, reacted, released, packaged, repack aged, stored, transported, bandied, or used. - ................. (2) Tbjs section does hot apply to: (i) The storage, transportation, dis tribution, dispensing, sale or use as fuel of gasoline, motor fuels, or other fuels subsequent to discharge from bulk terminals; or ,. (11) The storage, transportation, dis tribution or sale of benzene In Intact containers sealed In such a manner as to contain benzene vapors or liquid, except for the requirements of para graph (k) (2), (3). (4), and (S), and paragraph (J) of this section. (b) Definitions, "Action level" means an airborne concentration of benzene f 0.5 ppm, averaged over an 8-hour work day. "Assistant Secretary" means the As sistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa parts of sir (1 ppm) as an 8-hour time weighted average. ,. (11) Ceiling limit The employer shall . assure that no employee Is exposed to an airborne concentration of benzene in excess of 8 ppm as averaged over : any 15 minute period. (2) Dermal and eve exposure limit Hie employer shall assure that no em ployee Is exposed to eye contact with . liquid benzene; or to skin contact with liquid benzene, unless the employer can establish that the skin contact Is an Isolated Instance. (d) Regulated areas. (1) the employ er shall establish, within each place of j employment, regulated areas where | benzene concentrations are in excess ' of the permissible airborne exposure limit. (2) The employer shall limit access to regulated areas to authorized per sons. tional Safety and Health, tLS. Depart I (3) Notification of regulated areas. ment of Labor, or designee. Within 30 days following the estab "Authorized person" means any lishment of a regulated area, the em person required by his duties to enter ployer shall report the following infor- a regulated area and authorized to do . mation to the OSHA Area Office: so by his employer, by this section or (1) The address of each establlsh- by the Occupational Safety and ` ment which has one or more regulated Health Act of 1970. "Authorized ' areas; person" Includes a representative of ... 111) The locations, within the estab employees who Is designated to ob lishment. of each regulated area; serve monitoring end measuring proce - - (111) A brief description of each pro dures under paragraph (m) of this sec cess or operation which results In cm- tion. i ployee exposure to benzene In regulat "Benzene" (CA) (CAS Registry No. ed areas; and 00071432) means solid, liquefied or -. (tv) The number of employees en gaseous benzene. It includes mixtures gaged In each process or operation of liquids containing benzene and the within each regulated area which re- vapors released by these liquids. . suits in exposure to benzene, and an "Bulk terminal" means a facility : estimate of the frequency and degree which Is used for the storage and dis of exposure within each regulated tribution of gasoline, motor fuels or area. other fuels and which receives its pe (e) Exposure monitoring and mea troleum products by pipeline, barge or surements.--11) General (1) Determi marine tanker. nations of airborne exposure levels shall be made from air samples that are representative of each employee's exposure to benzene over an eight (8) hour period. (11) For the purposes of this section, employee exposure Is that-exposure which could occur If the employee were not using a respirator. (2) Initial monitoring. (1) Each em ployer, who has a place of employ ment where benzene la produced, reacted, released, packaged, repack aged, stored, transported, handled or used Shall monitor each of these work places and work operations to accu rately determine the airborne concen trations of benzene to which employMs DAjr be exposed, ' (11) The initial monitoring required under paragraph (eX2Xi) of this sec tion shall be conducted and the results obtained within 30 days of the effec tive date of this section. Where the employer has monitored after January 4, 1977 and the monitoring satisfies the accuracy requirements of para graph (eX6) of the section, the em ployer may rely on such earlier moni toring to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (eK2Xi) of this section, unless there has been a production, process, personnel or control change which may have resulted in new or ad ditional exposures to benzene or the employer has any other reason to sus pect a change which may have result ed in new or additional exposures to benzene; and provided that the em ployer maintains a record of the moni toring in accordance with paragraph (1X1) and notifies each employee in ac cordance with paragraph (eX5). (3) Frequency.---(1) Measurements below the action level If the measure ments conducted under paragraph (eX2Xl) of this section reveal employ ee exposure to be below the action level, the measurements need not be repeated, except as otherwise provided in paragraph <eX4) of this section. (II) Measurements above the action level If the measurements reveal em ployee exposure to be in excess of the action level, but below the permissible exposure limit, the employer shall repeat the monitoring at least quarter ly. The employer shall continue these quarterly measurements until at least two consecutive measurements, taken at least seven (7) days apart, are below the action level, and thereafter the employer may discontinue monitoring, except as provided in paragraph (eX4) of this section. (III) Measurements above the permis sible exposure limit If the measure ments reveal employee exposure to be In excess of the permissible exposure limits, the employer shall repeat the Occupotional Safety & Health Reporter EC- 2365 (Sk. 19l0.1028()(3)(iii)l 18