Document qapOVZwo6312qkMONo4MxZn4x

Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning Guide 1957 Definitions, 1--10 Defrosting, 662 Degree-day. 3 for cities, 463, 472 formula for, method, 462 industrial, 472, 473 operating unit, 471 _ unit fuel consumption, 467 Degree of saturation, 8, 25, 31 D?humidification. 3, 737, 857 835 air conditioning units, 655 air washers, 857 coil selection, 879, 889 comparison of methods, 935 control, 949 definitions and methods, 035 equipment, 857, 935, 938 performance, 938 estimating loads, 942 liquid methods, 940, 941 moisture load, 942 ships, 1174 solid methods, 937, 938 vapor transfer, 943 Dehumidifying agents, 935 absorbents, 935 adsorbents, 935 Dehydration, 3 Density of air, 1 Design conditions summer, 288, 291 winter, 263-270 Dew point apparatus temperature, 288, 332 flue gas, 378, 1064 temperature, 9, 26 Dichlorodifluoromethane, 899901, 929, 930 Dielectric heating, 1027, 1041 Diffusivity, thermal, 3 Direct expansion coils, 882 fired unit heater, 637 indirect heating unit, 3 radiator, 7 return system, 3,557 Disc fan, 813 Distribution of air (see Air Distribution), 475, 751, 1162, 1170 District heating, 717 condensate return, 727 meters, 732 pipe insulation, 727 ioieg, 725, 729 conduits for, 722 inside, 727 sixes, 721 tunnels, 725 steam requirement, 717 zoning, 729 Diverging vanes, 766 Domestic oil burners, 387 Door, doors coefficients of transmission, leakage, 241, 243 natural ventilation, 252 Down-feed one-pipe riser, 3, 6, 507 steam heating, 4,511 system, 3, 505 Draft, drafts, 3, 433 available, 436, 441 calculations, 433 chimney, 433 control, 352 factors, 434 forced, 433 general equation, 433 head,3 industrial chimneys, 435 natural, 245, 433 regulation, 351 Draft, drafts (continued) regulator, 389 residential chimneys, 440 requirements, 351, 434, 448 appliances, 448 theoretical, 433 Drawing symbols, 17 Drip, drips, 3, 512, 542 Drum dryer, 1156 Dry air, 1 _ composition, 25, 368 filters, 835 properties of, 30 velocity, head, 792 Dry-bulb temperature, 9 Dry cooling coils, 879, 891 Dry return, 8, 505 - Dryer, dryers, 1154 cabinet, 1150, 1156 calculations, 1150 compartment, 1156 cylinder, 1156 drum, 1156 rotary, 1156 spray, 1157 tunnel, 1156 Drying, 4, 1129, 1135 application of hygrometry, 1149 calculations, 1150 chart, 1141,1149, 1151 conduction, 1155 constant rate period, 1139,1141 convection, 1155 critical moisture, 1146 effect of air velocity, 1140 equations, 1144 equilibrium moisture, 1147 equipment, 1154 example, 1158_ external conditions, 1137 factors influencing, 1136 falling rate period, 1143 internal conditions, 1137 mechanism of, 1136 methods, 1154 conduction, 1155 convection, 1155 radiant, 1154 periods, 1138 problem, 1154 radiant, 1154 surface temperature, 1140 systems. 1135 terminology, 1135 Duct, ducts. 478, 781 air velocities in, 476, 797, 1100, H08 approaches to outlets, 773- area change, 794 attenuation, 1007 circular equivalents, 787 construction details, 805,-1109 design, 478, 796, 1104 design methods, 798 equal friction, 798 static regain, 801 velocity reduction, 798 dual duct, 745 dynamic lasses, 790 elbow friction losses, 702 exhaust design, 1104 friction leases, 783 __ heat loss coefficients, 809, 810 lining, 1008 measurement of velocities, 1230 perimeter, 479 pressure changes, 781 pressure loss, 781, 783 recirculating, 467,,471, 726 rectangular equivalents - of round, 439, 787 resistance, 781 roughness correction, 786 sising, 781, 796 ____ ,, sound absorbers,, 1008-1013 symbols for drawing, 17 Duct, ducts (continued) system design, 475, 781, 706, 1104 Duct sizing, 781, 796. 1104 - equal friction method, 708 general rules, 796 static regain method, 801 velocity method, 798 Dust, 4, 113. 151 combustible, 163 concentrations, 161, 162 control, 134 counter, 153 determination, 151 filters, 831, 842, 846 industrial, 152 particle size chart, 153 precipitators, 835, 848 removal, 831 size, 153 Dust collectors. 831, 842 application, 831, 840, 844 centrifugal, 845 cyclone, 846 cloth, 846 degree of dust removal, 843 electrostatic, 848 fabric, 846, 848 . factors affecting selection, 843 inertial separators, 845 settling chambers, 846 scrubbers, 845, 847 testing methods, 835 types, 844 wet, 845 centrifugal, 847 packed tower, 847 spray towers, 847 washers, 847 wet filters, 847 Dynamic head, 5,790 losses, 790 E EDR (Equivalent direct radia tion), 7, 617, 522, 524 defined, 7, 410, 592 Effective temperature, 9, 122 chart, 122, 126 index, 122 Efficiency boiler, 414 conversion burner furnace, 426 seasonal, 458 Ejector nozzles, 769 Elbow attenuation, 1008 copper equivalents, 556 friction losses, 556, 702, 793 iron equivalents, 656, 683,1184 sheet metal, equivalent, 790 Electric, electrical baseboard, 1030, 1031 convector, 1029, 1031 demand control, 1042 dielectric heating, 1041 heat applications, 1028 heating, 1027 calculating capacities, 1036 central, 1034,1035 control, 1042 domestic water, 1038 equipment, 1029 heat pump, 1035 induction, 1041 power problems, 1041 resistors, 8, 1027 systems, 1030 units, 1028, 1029 hot water heating, 1034 induction heating, 1041 installation methods, 1029 motor design limits, 974 XIV Index to Tedmical Data Section Electric, electrical (continued) panel beating, 600,1032-1034 precipitators, 836, 848 radiant convector, 1031 radiant heating, 600, 1031 resistors, 1027, 1032 steam radiator, 1032 - systems, 073; 1020 voltage ratings, 974 Electricity, static, 139, 1132 Emissivity, 95 Enclosed radiator,. 595 Energy, Conservation Law, 23 Enthalpy, 4, 24, 30, 31, 51 free, 4 specific, 4, 30 Entropy, 4, 30, 51 mixing, 51 specific, 4 Equivalent evaporation, 4 Estimating fuel consumption 457 Eupatheoscope, 1236 Evaporative condensers, 923 cooled, unit conditioners, 651 cooling, 747 Evaporators, 925 Excess air, 350, 366, 370, 399 Exhaust opening, 776, 1098, 1108 measurement of velocities. 1108, 1230 Exhaust systems, 1097 . air flow equipment, 1110 axial velocity formula, 1098 capture velocities, 1098 construction, 1109 conveying velocity, 1100-1103, 1108 corrosion, 1112, 1114 duct construction, 1109 duct design, 1104.1109 duct resistance, 1107 duct system design, 1104 duct velocity, 1100-1103 ducts for, 1104 air velocities in, 1100-1103 construction, 1109 design, 1109 resistance, 1104, 1107 dust filters, 1111 elements, 1097 equipment, 1097, 1111 exhaust requirements, 1104 general requirements, 1097 oods, 1097 air flow, 1090 air velocity, 1098 ' axial velocity formula for. 1098 canopy, 1100-1103 capture velodtitt, 1098 chemical laboratories, 1101 design principles, 1097 kitchen, 1101 special exhaust require ments, 1099 spray booths, 1103 suction, 1111 velocity contours, 1099 . ventilation rates, 1100-1105 make-up air, 1111 maintenance, 1111 materials, 1109, 1112,1114 performance, 1111 pressure Ices, 1107 specifications, 1109 suction requirements. 1111 types of fans, 1110 velocity contours, 1099 velocity requirements, 1100- 1107 ventilation rates, 1100-1105 Expansion factor, gases, 81, 82 Pipe, 544, 688 mok installation, 568 Expansion (continued) tank piping, 568 tank size, 570 tanks, 568 valves, 926 Explosion hazard, 138 Extended plenum systems, 485, 486 F Fan, fans, 813 applications, 827 arrangement of drives, 822 attic, 829 location, 829 axial flow, 813 central system, 2, 827 v centrifugal, 813, 817 1 characteristic curves, 818-821 control, 824 designations, 814 drive position, 824 efficiency,'817 exhaust, 828 furnace system, 4, 475 hot gas, 829 installation, 827. kitchen, 829 laws, 815 marine, 828 mine, 828 motive power, 825 noise generated, 1002 oil burner, 388 performance, 813,817,818,1002 propeller, 813 radial flow, 813, 617 rotation, 823 selection of, 825 air conditioning systems, 825 industrial exhaust systems. 1110 special application, 829 speed, 826 . system characteristics, 821 types, 813 unitary systems, 828 velocity, operating, 826 volume control, 824 Fanning formula, 69, 581 Fever therapy, 142 equipment for production of. 143 Film conductance, 92, 169. 172. 176 Filter, filters. 831 air conditioning units, 655 atmosphere, 813 charged media, 826 dry air, 835, 846, 1166 dust, 835 furnace, 422 installation, 840 ionizing, 835 maintenance, 839 moving curtain, 834 performance, 837 selection, 839, 843 testing, 837 vapor adsorption, 849 viscous impingement type, 833 Fitting, fittings allowance pipe, 521.556, 1184 sheet metal, 494, 495, 790 Flash leg, 543 Flexible mountings, 1121 Float trap, 538 Floor cooling unit, 654 heat transfer coefficients, 193. 194. 195, 205 panel design, 617-621 unit heater, 638 Floor slab heat loss, 210, 276 Flow coefficient, orifices, 77 compressible fluids, 73 XV Flow (continued) critical, 76 fluids, 67, 73 through nozzle or orifice, 75 measurement head meters, 78, 82 liquids, 78 orifices, 78 Pitot tube, 84, 1226 variable area meters, 85 Flow meters. 78, 732, 1183, 1184 Flue gas analysis. 372 Flue gas dew-point, 376 Flue gas loss, 373 Fluids, flow, 67, 73 theory, 67 Fluid meters, 78,1183 Fog, 4, 152, 155 Force, 4 Forced air heating system, 475 ceiling panel systems, 497 design, 479 large systems, 493 perimeter systems, 479-492 summer operation, 503 circulation pipe sizes, 651 convection, 91-93 Fourier's Equation, 221 Free convection, 92, 93 enthalpy, 4 Freezing in pipes, 712 Frick's Law, 220 Friction loss air ducte, 502, 781 circular pipes, 69 effect of area change, 794 elbows, 482, 494, 495, 521, 556 792, 1184 piping, 401 h temperature, 582 non-circular pipes, 72 refrigerant piping, 929, 930 water heating, 552, 554,555,581 water piping, 552, 554-656, 581, 1180-1182 Fuel, fuels. 343 analysis, 343, 353, 360 burning equipment, 379 burning rates, 405 calorific value, 367 classification, 344, 346, 352, 361 consumption, 457 calculated heat-loss method. 459 degree-day method, 461 load factor, 473 maximum demand*, 473 seasonal efficiency, 458 unit, 467-471 firing methods, 347, 348, 349 gas, 359 neat of combustion, 367 heating value, 367 liquid, 352 solid, 343 unit consumption, 468, 469 utilization, 422 Fuel oil, 352 analysis, 353 blended, 353 calorific value, 357 carbon residue, 354 catalytically cracked, 353 classification of, 352, 355 combustion of, 366 estimating consumption. 404. 467, 469 flashpoint, 354 grade of, 355 maximum carbon dioride values, 371 piping, 395 storage, 395 straight-run, 353 theoretical air requirements. 369 thermetically cracked, 353