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nwrw JjjWOHAl HiSUTOftS Of KAUJ ' W^rbV:V.?\VcV^V-.v;'^r A X&fjwk. ' ffiHw '.* *#! l^-1-*' ^ < i.*.:$Ki V-!*. "' * ` .'.V -,' ./ -*! " ;v :?.{';: t..-.--^aKMa^-d AA^-^^A-AAAt v?'>1 .1 i ->r ':<.: #\r--.,; -v.-ix:# i ' -.* x;: TT T" x-; v . 1-L'- `ii-yvTYf -'-. x *`x : x 7x - ,A...r'i AKA/ "'' " '' ''' x -\ ': ; ': ' '4' :^i,y:^x' f' '>:x '; V *5 :--:.: ';:. x.v'x-;.; engineering.x-.x-.x: x,tx;-.?.-. s : .. ,,, Vv V V-:'!';-;--,i`.)A:rA V v':-'--: .' \- '\:'A'\:V: ''-Vs ~ ':\.;xx- ViV \x : x.x,'^ '. . :/: / V i ,<;. : ' . !' chemical .*:*:.. .v,'x \ /,-/ / ': ' ' '-A- ' J:.A x, ' '"*. ' x>.. ;'.A ;,^S- ;' v';\ % ' ',':>. ;`. .V"x.'x.'' 'TOXICOLOGICAL ' <"Ar^r-s^rfC Ax. A.J-.i -' -, -x\ <j :. A:,-.-, va?* ^.: ' - :,-;< .;>?.ii at'mo-^ :; A-;i ` :v.;:^-v ;;%?; \ I y-:V,S V ; x : ; 'V V,/ -, o':;v. :.;v.. :.vw, ; ;v :'.> ':'. /; ^ . JANUARY, 1968 ;' J - ` ' S^.v -. ..."^ ,> v!:;: I* ^ f: ' ; / r n !l '..'.Vv-v:,.;-vi: ^- ,-v . rv> {VoL-3z,no,i):' .' r'V -- 4'Sxxf. V ^ ;, - : .'.. x . -v.. :> / .; v. vX,-,; J- V . ^ ' - V-X'.. ;. V :;s:=rf.-^ ;.v,-' ,> ^ >:;. , `x.; ;.' ' -` ^ .* v* .*"*' -/"x-1,".;v;v>;;y-x>'s-A?ViX :- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE fOUNDATIpM /' . x A. ' '4orirrajtVNiK ;!..pnTSBVBaH,'wi.:i53ia^!;>v'f:?S; . . -. .. .X- ,',i - ,.. n;', Vi &*,'.?::.;>. ,,;.`V f x wX >: iV H.-v, ... - ' '. ' .''x.: ,' .x^:;,:V^.iv;vjv 'x .^i-;.i'..u--7-c --f-^; ; . :V. ;V- ". :rvC ;>v, ]' i-K- ' x ". ' ; v.rx;.xv' < "v^x/:jx.;y>^ . :': - 4 - - . , J! ' -. -. X *;:v\ x-,^.. i V-. , ;' - .< f ; .f .x ' x;'v.- r.s- ,. .- .3 r x ,''X ('.; ~`v ,:./, X,. . v-x r, fv . ^ X . > '' _. x- i.- / ` ; ' ^ : ! i'xr:>'.^.y,v ` v-: ^ ; ^ - v . ; rf. '"^ '* yV . x-v t- ; *.:'. -J '." r- 'i*. 'l - . \ v- ^L*- ' ' ?;'-x- ':^v ;;-=,v. ,v '/: 'U 'v* :.f` - i ./Vvk--... ^ ;.v \ f PLAINTIFF'S i .. - v* . . . * . . ? '. ^ii- v 5 : xi : x - ,x t . . K v.1. EXHIBIT k' ' J*. ' 1 X: AAfi ?-,x;vi;xi?x'xll WV-02244 bm<'i #| . J TMl I ^ <r `m y -X^ 1, t-.'.., .- ; 1 )yi y ' ' (i ;xrt =Vriair.S1-*>t; --- * PPLLAAIINNTTtIPFFP''Sc EXHIBIT Ary/,6 ',. .`'.'/V'vj >; ;`F<)UNP,Xt.JOKj \ i,;'.Hiw MEMBER;"*.The Foundation l* pleased to add. the Liiipe'of General Asbestos ;"{e' `i !':'** *' , J"- >:-.:':''V:'-'w 1 ' An^ Rubber Division,' R aybestos.Manhattan, ;InC.:tomerob*r*faip. >i.:?. i'i't V. *_ -U'-- ; ' "` V "\?s--v:'V' ; ' ';(! i* - ` - V,`> ' ENGINEERING DISCUSSIONAL; -The fourth annual Engineering Discussions! on - v "V: J,- 'y'- "The Control of Environmental Health Hazards" held January 9-11 pt the Holiday Z' \ j i *"' YN' wh.Vi V V> ; . ' ''! `."'if Motor Inn (Sewickley) and sponsored by the IHF Engineering Committee was' i . .J"t-T; i* * ?'[ ... ^ considered highly successful and most informative by the $6 representatives of * V }- V.1 . ' .!* - "*' ' t-h e --Fo- und.a..ti.o.n.'s. mem.bers-.h...i.p.....i..n.....a...t.t..e...n..d..ance..' ;-j19686 DCisc'uussssiioonnaall Committee Chair r '',Y. : ,V ' j . man N. V. Hendricks, 'Standard Oil Companyy{(N..`'JJ..)). arranged dettaaiillsspf the pprroo--;: . ' *Y*.. ' ' - .' ' gram which.covered: .Health Hazards end Thheelirr..'CContropl In Pilot P~ lant*; Illumine-'"-,Y.'Y.J'7 ` \ .Y ; ' lien; Laboratory and Fume K?dVentUatloTv-."'Eng1ineer.ing A- spec.t* of Threahold.v"-.- , V\` `. '$ ' " .- / 'Limit Values; and Filters and Filter Testingj. 'Plans are underway to develop - ' ; V/''. next year's program with H. ` Wilbur Spelclter. Westinghouse Electric 'Corporation! * ': < '` , held at The Kettering Laboratory,: University of Cincinnati. . Drl Emil A. Pfltzer / ...of The Kettering Laboratory and Secretary of the Chem-'Tox Committed will serve ` . . as Moderator and also cpnduet a pre-Worlcshop Orientation Session on VWhat You i-'1 ?.; . 7 V - \ /' l','. .......................'J` '' SI. I: 1 | 1 1 session. (See Chem-Tox Bulletin No. ^ or contact 1HF Headquarters for additional t\ , information). ' ' ` ' ' \ ; .* ". 'V-'.- =` i'V.-'? STAFF ACTIVITIES: Harry M. Bowman has been named Associate Managing Director '-V- of IHF effective January 1 (see article on page )). Miss Marianne Kaschak of the. r , . t : ' ft*. Industrial Hygiene Research Unit ha* been elected Secretary-Treasurer ol the AmerlV < '' can Industrial Hygiene Association Pittsburgh Section for the current year. A( the ...,: t ^ ,1/ request of Or. Robert T. P. deTreville, Managing Director.. Dr. Philip E) Enterllhe.'. V `"/V. ~. Advisory Fellow to IHF, represented the Foundation at a meeting of the Working . Group on Epidemiology of Air Pollution and Human Disease, sponsored by The'New ` : York Academy of Science*, December'1^-16,1967, in New York City. ; '. . !,:*. ' r.'.'i TRUSTEES MEETING; *The IHF Board of Trustees will meet February'16 *t', Webester Hall Hotel in Pittsburgh. .... . . ' .. - ;_________ i "1 1 :; ' . 33rd ANNUAL MEETING - OCTOBER 14-1 5. 1968 :4.,: .*". ;' ) 1 1 -Vi t ' i v L***1 Development* * Book*,. pamphlet* and Notice* ;* V:.'V V-: ?v.; . 3 ;' V.'.*`V'V . 3 ...\f . f1'. f| .-. : v i.,: .* industrial Medical Practice' '..Py-'v: ; ,.".V :1 i , ' ,y:,.. / ;-r * "i ' - ,v \ r ii*"-.; *'.'v ' ^'_3,^ . Skin'DiiifMfe and Burn* v.1:" V :'*' ' l Vi''.. . " V;: V \ ., ? V i'. Cherr)tcal Haaarda v.'V;'' - > '3 Sc :*< i '5 . ,'Y : * a ' "> ' 9 , *' 9-: -/ , j':. '* ;`/',;'.ir`./Xn^uBtriai DupieV.v'Vy.y.y, -VY.'. -i/V :7>^V,'rj:Ji "t-'iJ. V.;.*/S .!'. t ''.Physical-4*pecte: of'the Environment ' , ' - I -i iv. o ' I.-, 1 vr n^_JJ.*J-- : y 'i '< -V: . C 16 I:f`:.i-.-'1-..r: ,-' .i'.-S . *.<*. a; *.`. ....i . . ,v !...*{ I v <: . sventlve EngineeringV.' .-. w6..`2 -:'v : \\ v rununity Air Hygiene ''* i'. ;. f . - ' . ' V . ' ; . v , ; ' I" e*i.-. . . . . i` : . -a1 . * 19 . i ,K. 'V .* i ' V f., 'i l .y' - ;r-:' , ,'.V IV'. jV '`i" vf 'V'y VV..: v:^';t:'.J'V v*:.', '2VV;/`\/ V' . lreea of Journal* Abstracted ' . .4' . ` '' ' ' ' . v' v/;; 4; ; .'V*, ii V . v '* - ^ . yv"v ii'f :;'i 'l V>.J \d 'V,; 'i < vv-- ;. 'Vi- v`; }:'/,? `"A , \'T . S; > 'V ' .!.*' Ss ."'v'.;; '> m*. *'l'f > ' \ H-hw.-iw: a.V:'-.'?. . .. .. -1 .'A-' ,.v '.'-.. W/-r'v,r ^ ^ V,. - "^ *. - 1 'V-:. - ; V 'v . "V ;vx`-vv^-Vy \. ' " ' ' `y v:{a V--rj.-ti;.-iv j-t J ' 1^' i,' j'l |`! I- .1* " 'B 1t >" * -T.Htt p ? -f* r-'r r." v*d ; ;.y '' ^ VJ 4 ;: >.*. i -.-a-v "v.-./;. . r . iv `vX *; W i ' i^ *' *' v;- j.;vs . -0 ` , ' 'Vra^ V r '';*,' *'v vV'i-'a . -*" . ' '. v`' : * * I .. - v - ' "1. ' ' '- ry I 1 I ' v.' ; ' : .. - / r `1 - T^. v ' r' . .. > .. . ., "s' - * * . -1 > * - *..., *v t : i ' I. : v -. *. . _ v: - * -I V. ^ x- ;-v' . ' ` -i . w VV i ' - v .* .' - 4 % - , v , ^ N .'-T/' vv^ *.**; / : > ' ''v-f,,v *. ^ -.! .?'.;.i V-.;A ''v ' v"*' . >. . aj .* '.. -i' ;? ` t. * 4 ' .;.*> " . ..> . . v' * ' , V "t. ) ' 1 - -fJ . <'-j.^ ` `v; ; .3 t^uitrUl Hygiene Digest MR. HARRY M. BOWMAN r.: ; APPOINTED ASSOCIATE MANAGING DIRECTOR Jtnuiryt 19 68 ;-: r. / r S' P.* \. On January 1* 1968 Mr, Harry M. Bowman of West Catd- t wall. New Jersey waa appointed Senior Fallow of Mellon Inatltute and assigned full time to Induatrlal Hygiene Foundation ae Ita ,, Associate Managing Director . ~ Mr. Bowman* formerly associated with the Thlokol Chem ical Corporation in Denville, New Jeney 1* already known to many in the Foundation1* membership, For the peat ten year# he hae participated in several Foundation activities: a.g., he waa a epeaker at the I960 Annual Meeting, and See eerved on (11 the Chemical-Toxicological Committee, (2) the Policy and Planning Committee (ae Chairman) and (3) the Board of Trustee*. Mr. Bowman will aiaume responsibility for the conduct of Industrial Hygiene Foundation's business affairs which in the pest have been administered directly by Dr, Robert T. P. deTreviUe, Managing Director. Since 1963, Dr. deTreville, ha* also admin istered the Foundation1* expanding research activities in the lab oratory and the field. Appointment of an Associate Managing Director will allow him to devote a much greater portion of hi* time in support of the Foundation1* scientific activities. Formerly with the Bakelite Company from 1939 to 1 954, Mr, Bowman joined the T hiokal Chemical Corporation's Reaction Motor* Division as research spectroscopist. In 1956 he became supervisor of the Chemistry Administration Section where industrial safety and hygiene became one of his major concerns; fn 1957, Manager of the Research Operation and Plans Department where the industrial safety and hygiene responsibility expanded to the research complex; Director of the Nuclear Technology Department in 1961; and the following year assumed the position of Assistant to the Gen eral Manager of the Reaction Motors Division. Early in 1967 he became Manager of the Facilities Management and Manager of Proposal Management, which position he left to come to the Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Author of a number of published articles dealing with his field, Mr, Bowman has also been an officer research associations: former Vice President of the Society for Applied Spectro scopy; past President of the Association for RID Administration; past Chairman of the Speakers Bureau of the Coblent* Society; past Assistant Chairman and Director of the New Jersey section of the American Astronautical Society; past State Chairman of the New Jersey Council for Research and Development. He is also a member of the Air Force Association, American Ordnance Association, American Association for the Advancement o! Science* and Seminar Leader for the American Manage ment Association. Mr. Bowman was awarded a B, S. in Physics from New York University and has done graduate work at the New York University, Stanford University Graduate School of Business, and Fairleigh Dickinson University, A veteran of World War II, in which he took part in the Battle of the Bulge, be is actively interested in civic, community, and church affiliations. The Bowman's son, Ted, is erving with the U.S. Air Force at Mitawa AFB, Japan. We welcome Harry and Kay Bowman to Pittsburgh. i ui I V- !;-y i-< s- i'i m 15*3 <- V i & % i--. 4% *'v * *' J v. .tannery, 1 96H Volume XXXEI No. 1 Industrial Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh* Pennsylvania 1521 J industrial hygiene DIGEST Literature and News [ NEWS ITEMS ~1 1 Perchlorethylene Safety. ' Under the auspices of the Laundry and Cleaners Allied Trades Association (LACATA) an educa tional program designed to cover ali aspects of the safe handling and use of perchlorethylene as a rirycleaning solvent is being undertaken by an international committee of producers of per- chiorethylene. The program is being implemented by the Subcommittee on Safe Handling of Perchlorethylene under the guidance of a LACATA genera) committee composed of represents- tives from the major producers of perchlorethylene. The American Institute of Laundering Inc.* the National Automatic Laundry and Cleaning Council and the National Institute of Drycleaning Inc.* are also participating in the program. The Subcommittee has become a member of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation Inc., which is also assisting in this program. Principal objectives of the program are to promote safe methods of handling perchlorethylene in commercial and coin-op dry cleaning operations to acquaint owner* and employees of commercial and coin-op drycleaning operations and customers of coin-op drycleaning shops with essential character- istics of the solvent and to provide factual data for the guidance of pubtic health, labor, fire and other regulatory agencies. -* Am, Ind* Hyg. Assn* J. 28. 598 (Nov.-Dec.. 1967). 2 Optokinetic Nystagamue. The National Safety Council has suggested ways to cope with conveyor-belt sickness--a form ol optokinetic nystagamue --caused by the necessity of inspectors working at conveyor belts to rapidly shift their focus of vision. This occupational harard may induce a fatigue which could contribute to more serious difficulties. One simple preventative measure is to screen off objects that move in directions that don't match the conveyor-belt flow. Some measure of pre vention is also achieved by convincing workers of their need for plenty of sleep and adequate* energy-building breakfasts. This type of occupational problem also occurs in some other industrial situations requiring intense visual concentration with rapid shifting of the focus. This has been thought to contribute to some emotional disturbance also, --Am. Ind. Hyg. Ind, I. 28, 522 (Nov.-Dec,, 1967). 3 Epoxy Resins. A general conference on epoxy resins held recently at the USA Standards Institute recommended the initiation of a project on safety requirements for epoxy resins. The scope of the project is to provide producers and users of epoxies (employed in industrial applications) with a set of criteria and labeling recommendations so that they can better (1) define the hazard category into which their specific products fall by use of the classification principle set forth, and (2) design labels which will adequately warn of such hazards according to the degree of care in handling re quired. The conference proposed the title for the project to be Safety in Epoxy Resins, and that the Society of the Plastics Industry be Invited to sponsor the project. -- Natl* Safety News 9b, 20 (Dec., 1967). 4 Trace Characterization* The National Bureau of Standards has published as Monograph 100, _Traee Characterization--- Chemical and Physical, by W.W, Melnke and B. F, Scribrer (editors). Copies of this 580page publication are available for $4. 50 each from the Superintendent of Documents, U. 5. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402* This publication resulted from a symposium held in October, 1966, on the subject of the trace characterization and bringing together the leading authorities from the United States and abroad In many different fields which contribute to the physical and chemical characterization of materials, especially to the detection and determination of trace amounts of defects and foreign substances. Discussed In the publication are electrical measurements; electrochemical methods; optical and x-ray spectroscopy: x-ray diffrattion; optical methods; chemical spectrophotometry: nuclear methods; mass spectroscopy; preconcentration; sampling and reagents; and electron and optica) micro scopy as applied to trace characterization* This volume brings together state-of-the-art aummaries in most of the areas pertinent today for trace characterization, and offers a glimpse of problems to be laced in the future, --Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. ZB, 540 (Nov* -Dec., 1967.1- 1. i ( i .j 1 | . . n. . *.* -*.  * -v w * .iA - ^ * - s- -ff vi * rv .. v.V_: ;VVV. ^" = ;T.'*: . j,' * rn- *v/- -r, -. -T- w ... i,-r ,< '* v. ; -- r . * . ---------- , - '- ' At. . j-1: . .-. 'I.'." *` - ' ",.'1 ' ^- ..................... . \ - * * , ' - * ; - -- , -v.-. .T - 1 --* - - ' , * r'-\r; .'* -- 14 . J't` * - v V . r- ...... t- " ' 1< ` v .> J- ` */ '' t ; r ; *.^VV Vft Industrial Hygiene Digest Mi 6 Ambient Air Quality Guides, " r.'~ '.'.T '- k.' ' .' January, I9frfl The quality of the air we breathe it becoming of more and more concern to the population. The amount of contaminated air a person can breathe without adverse effects has now been establish ed by the American Industrial Hygiene Association through a new aeries entitled Ambient Air ' Quality Guides, The subjects covered in this series are; Aldehydes; Beryllium; Carbon Mon oxide; Ethylene; Fluorides; Iron Oxide; Lead; Ozone; Phenolic Compounds; Regional Planning; Sulfur Compounds; Total Particulate Matter. Each Guide includes the following; (J) Physical and Chemical Properties in the Atmosphere, (^) Potential Harmful Effects, (3) Annoyance Effects, (1) Air Sampling and Analysts and (5) Recommended Air Quality Values. For many years (since 1965) the American Industrial Hygiene Association has published threshold limits for various contaminants in the workroom atmosphere, which are known as Hygienic Guides, and now* has applied this highly specialised knowledge to the community atmosphere. The first of these Guides will be published in the January - February, 1 968 issue of the American Indust rial Hygiene Association Journal, ar.d may be purchased from the American Industrial Hygiene Association, 14125 Prevost, Detroit, Michigan 4B227. American Industrial Hygiene Association News Release, December 11, 1967. Price; not given. We May Be Leaving a Deadly Legacy of Pollution. A task force was appointed by HEW Secretary Gardner about six months ago to advise the depart ment on how to cope with man's increasing power to foul the environment. It submitted 34 re commendations to the department Ten were for immediate programs to achieve sharp abate ment of pollution and stringent safeguards against unknown hazards from new products. Industrial smokestack, and auto exhaust emissions would be cut 90 per cent within a few years. No new synthetic substance would be marketable after 1970 without some proof of safety. Other re commendations were for setting up a national environmental protection system to look at pollution not piecemeal but as a whole, and to deal with new hazards at they arise. It was estimated that about half of the task force's proposals would require new legislation. At a Senate hearing several weeks ago Dr. William H. Stewart, Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, called air pol ;-i lution a ''health challenge of the first magnitude confronting the American people today". Common colds and other upper respiratory infections occur more often during high levels of pollution. This has been documented fn Maryland, Detroit, and in Britain, Japan and the Soviet Union. But these illnesses are all caused by viruses and the complex circumstances that make them more common during pollution episodes are obscure. The six-person task force headed by Ron M. Linton a former Senate aide, has added its voice to those who are urging that man's pollution of hit environ ment be studied as a whole and wherever possible, abated for the good of the present, and future, generations. -- Cond. from Medicine. New York Time., Sunday, June 18th, 1867. -ditor'B Note; See al.o Industrial Hygiene Digest Abstract 11 31, December, 1967 on the Linton Report, t COMING EVENTS" 1 Feb. U 2 Feb. 2- 3 Feb. 3- 7 Feb. 6-10 Feb. 7- 9 Feb. 8-10 Feb, i l-l 2 Feb. 14 Feb. 16-17 Feb. 19-21 Feb. 21 Feb. 21-25 Feb. 22-24 Feb. 24-Mar3 Feb. 27 Feb. 28-Mar.3 Feb. 29-Mar.2 Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 1968 Workshop on Threshold Limit Values, Cincinnati, Ohio, American College of Psychiatrists, New Orleans, La, American Academy of Allergy, Boston, Mass. American College of Radiology, Chicago, 111. American Academy of Occupational Medicine, Washington, D.C. Society of University Surgeons, New York, N, Y. Congress on Medical Education (64th Annual), Chicago, 111. Symposium on Atherosclerosis and its Relationship to Carbohydrate Metabolism, New York* N, Y. American Paychopathological Association, New York* N. Y. American College of Surgeons, Sectional Meeting, Dallas, Texas. Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis* New York* N. Y* Institute on Diabetes (5th Annual)* Aspen, Colorado. American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Chicago, III, Canadian-American Medical-Dental Association, Park City, Utah. National Multiple Sclerosis Society, New York* N. Y. American College of Cardiology, San Francisco* Calif, Symposium on Cystic Fibrosis and Related Human and Animal Disease, New York* N. Y* ,f: 2 ; W"'---- "T .-A. : \ ;`3 A 4 emission rites of sulfur dioxide from noncommercial fuels; and prohibits expansion, recon struction or construction of coal-fired boilers of more than one million BTU per hour capacity except under certain controlled conditions. Coal merchants would not be permitted to sell bitum inous coal containing more than 1% sulfur nor anthracite with more than 0.7%. The use of coal with higher sulfur content would be prohibited except under certain controlled conditions. The code regulates both commercial and noncommercial fuels, --Am, J. Hyg, Assn. J. 28, 530 (Nov. -Dee., 1967). BOOKS. pamphlets and notices The Particle Atlas. A Photomicrographic Reference for the Microscopies] Identification of Particulate Substances. W. C, McCrone, R. G. Draftz, and J. C. Delly. AVAILABLE FROM: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, lnc, P.O. Box 1425, Ann Arbor, Michigan' 48106. PRICE; not given. Dust particles constitute a major problem in air pollution control. Millions of dollars are spent through out the world to clean buildings, windows, drapes, clothing etc.,soiled by small particles. Some of these particles also cause plant damage and a few react chemically to produce eye-water ing and lung-damaging effects (e.g. asbestos and quartz). Visibility in cities is seriously hamper* ed by high concentrations of suspended dust. Knowledge of the sources of these particles would be helpful iti effecting pollution control. Most clean-rooms today, though unquestionably effective* are susceptible to erratic operation due to contamination by small particles. Particles far too > smaLl to be seen without the microscope can cause rejection rates on high-priced parts to sky rocket without warning. When this occurs it is very important to be able to identify the source. In problems of air pollution, clean-room contamination, process failure and criminalistics--the key is often the identification, though microscopy, of small particles. Even when large samples are available, the techniques described for ultramicrosamples may be the most effective means of identifying the substance and solving the problem. This publication endeavors to present all of the skills necessary for working with small particles--how to choose and use the necessary microscope, bow to collect, manipulate and characterize particles of interest and how to identify each of the particles in a sample. ' Two specific questions can be answered by using the techniques given: (1) What is the identity of each unknown particle in a sample and (2) Does the sample con tain any particles from a given source? After becoming proficient in small particle Identification, the microacopiet looking though the microscope will be able to say as he looks at each successive particle, "This one is a diatom, this one's wheat starch, here's pine pollen, cement dust, quartz and, an orlon fiber, oil soot, a paint chip. M He can identify most of the components in the sample and may also be able to estimate the percentages with considerable accuracy. The sub stances covered in this atlas are considered to be the most common and important. With this ref 'H erence, an investigator should be able to solve most, if not all of his particle identification prob lems. A course in identifying particles with the help of this atlas* which is said to be given by the McCrone Research Institute in Chicago may be of interest; and the Taft Center of the U.5. Public Health Service In Cincinnati ia also said to teach such a course. The Gelman Instrument >, Company sells sets of prepared slides of known particulates. - - Mod. from Intro. ;-'*r Editor's Note; The importance of small particle identification in the lungs at autopsy has been raised by the finding of so called asbestos or ferruginous bodies--curiously shaped or elongated libers, coated with an Iron-protein material--In the lungs of about half of the urbanites who come to autopsy. Usually there ia absence of any evidence of associated lung disease, and the finding would be of academic interest, except for the claim of Thomson1 that all such bodies result from environmental exposure to asbestos. In letters^ to the editor of the American Medical Association 1 Thomson, J.C., et al; Asbestos as Modern Urban Hazard, S. Afr. Med. J. 22:77*81* 1963, 2 Arch, Pathol., Voi. 82* Aug, 1966 and Nov. 1966. , :i -> 3. j - ^ jp-i-y- -y uam.n ^ / i. Industrial Hygiene Digest ridiMiainMMMMiiMWtM January, 1968 Archives of Pathology (AMA), we have pointed cnit that many filamentous shaped particles, organic as well as mineral, have sufficiently small diameter to reach lung acini (primary lobules of the lung). Photomicrographs made by Dr. Paul Cross, Director, Research Laboratory, Industrial Hygiene Foundation, from home vacuum sweepings revealed fibers, about lu in diameter, which disappeared on incineration, and were thus definitely not asbestos. Furthermore, as des cribed in papers3* * at the 31st and 32nd Annual Meetings of IHF, we have successfully produced ferruginous bodies indistinguishable from asbestos bodies with non-asbestos fibers (including a clay, an abrasive, and a form of filamentous glass). This new reference provides an atlas of small particles from a wide variety of sources, under the following headings: (A) Wind Erosion * Particulate*: (l) Biological; (Z) Fibers; (3) Rocks and Minerals; (B) Industrial Dusts: 0) Abrasives and Polishes; (2) Catalysts; (3) Cements; (4) Detergents and Cleaners; (5) Fertilizers; (6) Food Processing; (7) Metals Refining and Processing; (8) Polymers;^ Miscellaneous Indust rial Dusts; JC) Combustion Products. In view of the esse of exposure of the population to ducts such as these and many others not listed, and the lung's nonspecific reaction to many of them, . the finding of ferruginous bodies in the lungs of adult urbanites at autopsy should not be either sur prising or alarming, while research in the laboratory and field are being carried out to better define health hazards of any sort, real or potential, in employee* or the public at large. -- R,T. P. deT. Paul Cross, M. D.The Pulmonary Reaction to Man's Environment, Transactions of the 31st industrial Hygiene Foundation Annual Meeting, October 18-19, 1966 at Chatham Center* Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania John Mr G. Davis, M.D., et al: Asbestos Bodies and Bioeffects--A Detective Story, Presented at the 32nd Industrial Hygiene Foundation Annual Meeting, October 10-11, 1967 at Chatham Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (to be published). 10 Year Book of Nuclear Medicine. Vol. 2-1967. J.L. Quinn, in. Editor. AVAILABLE FROM: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., 35 East Wacker Drive, Chicago, 111. 60601. 366 pp. PRICE: $10.00. Nuclear medicine is that clinical discipline concerned with the diagnostic, therapeutic and in vestigative uses of radionuclides. It is generally understood that this excludes the therapeutic use of sealed radiation source*. In keeping with this, the second volume of the Year Book of Nuclear Medicine remain* unchanged in organization and presentation. It was a year of ex- tension of current knowledge and new applications of established procedure*. No new concepts concerning detectors, detecting or the detected occurred. The multiple-crystal, rapid recti linear scanning systems became commercially available. Image-amplification radionuclide detectors appear to be almost resdy. Educational goals and measures of competence in nuclear medicine were given greater attention. In some circles the core curriculum of a nuclear med icine residency was discussed as containing six months of basic nuclear medicine sciences, IB months of clinical nuclear medicine and 12 months of parallel or related experience in investiga tive or applied medicine. Technetium became available to smaller hospitals in either the sterile generator or individual dose form* and the important new radionuclide indium-113m matured and iodine-123 became more available. An article by Mr, Donald Charleston, a senior scientist at the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital on radiation detector systems, which if well worth reading, helps to bridge the gap between the physician and his instrument colleagues, . -- Cond. from Intro. byR.T.P, deT. 11 Atmospheric Emissions From the Manufacture of Portland Cement. T.E. Kreichelt, D.A, Kerrmitz, and S. T. Cuffe. U.S, Dept, of HEW, Public Health Service, Bureau of Disease Prevention and Environmental Control, Cincinnati, Ohio. Public Health Service Publication No. 999-AP-17. AVAILABLE to requesters as supply permits from 555$ Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 452J3* This report has been prepared to provide reliable information on actual and potential atmospheric emissions from port I and cement manufacturing plants and on methods and equipment normally employed to limit these emissions to satisfactory levels* In 1964, production of portland cement in the United States was approximately 361,000,000 barrel*. Cement production is expected to increase at the rale of about five percent per year, with a Comparable increase in the construc tion oi new plants. Dust generated in the dry-process kiln may vary from 1 to 25 percent ex pressed in term* of finished cement; from the wet process, 1 to 33 percent. Sulfur dioxide emissions from the kiln operation are generally minor; most of the oxides of sulfur in the kiln gases combine with the alkalies as condensed sulfate*. In the wet process, an odor problem may arise from heating certain types of raw materia) such as marine shells, marl, clay, or v,` v- ` ' * - . :c s'- * - *'* lS . i- r- -J . . ' > 'yV v". : jr.yy ! ^. ; V -. ' -`-X .v'-O! V-* * V"; i\- \. . * * ' :r' - - v . - %. n- - -V. **; \ -t * ' iV- .. "i ' ' - ' "; .r ' , - - - Hygiene Digest January* 4 966 shale. Dust emissions * low as 0, 03 to 0.05 grain per standard cubic foot have bean obtained in newly designed well-controlled plants* Approximate dust-grain loadings needed to meet California ordinances vary from 0. OB grain per standard cubic foot for small kilns (l.e. 2*000 barrels per day capacity) to 0. 02 grain per standard cubic foot for large units (i. e* 8# 000 barrels per day capacity). The approximate corresponding dust collection efficiencies range from 98. 3 percent for small kilns to 99.6 for large units. Kilns of up to 4*000 barrels per day capacity couJd meet the process weight limitations with exit dust loadings of 0.0$ grain* per standard cubic foot; a dust collection efficiency of approximately 99.6 percent would be requir- ed( however. For Urge kilns (6, 000 barrels per day) lower exit dust loadings of 0. 02 to 0. 03 grain per standard cubic foot would be required to meet the emission regulations of Los Angeles anti-of the Bay Area* respectively. Although the economic benefits resulting from the reuse of collected dust do not completely offset the cost of the dust-collection equipment, the esthetic value to the community plus a compliance with certain municipal and state air pollution control ordinances make these advances induct arrestment worthwhile. - -- R.T* * .deT. , 12 Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research. Progress Report XVU. The Cancerous Change. Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research. AVAILABLE FROM: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center* 444 East 68th Street* Mew York, N.Y. 10Q2U 72 pp, (April, 1967V PRICE: not given. ' Cancer may be thought of as a descent with modification of somatic cells. Jt occurs in all classes of vertebrates--fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Except for control ' measures in human beings, the disease may serve as a partial check on the else of the affected populations. The spontaneous occurrence of the disease represents natural selection for the cancer against the organism. In addition* man himself selects for cancer. Sometimes he doe* this wittingly for investigative purposes by cultivating strains of laboratory animals that readily develop the disease. However, man also selects for cancer without realizing this. Unconscious selection for malignant disease follows from improper management of radiation, whether of X- rays or radioactive chemicals. Radiation, at an atomic explosion by-product, increased the incidence of leukemia among survivors at Hiroshima. In other circumstances, cancer develops from harmful habitual practices. Chronically poor dietary habits may be associated ' with the development of cancer. In the past, the disease often originated from chronic exposure in industry to certain chemicals. Since man has the power of selection, it is evident that some persons exercise this power to risk developing cancer in themselves. Chronic* heavy cigarette smoking is such a risk. Selection by man against cancer represents hope, and is reflected by all efforts to understand and control the disease. Proper management of radiation and industrial ' environments, regulation of chemical additives to foods, drugs and cosmetics, improved dietary habits, therapeutic and research endeavors, education of the medical profession and the public -- these are some of the human efforts designed to control and prevent cancer. - - - Epilogue (p. 70). INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL PRACTICE 13 Study of Public Health Careers: Some Characteristics of Industrial Hygienists. W. P, Shepard, C,W, Dean, andR.H. EUing. Am, Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. 28, 573-562 (Nov. -Dec., 1967). In a nation-wide questionnaire study of about ID, 000 professional public health workers, 767 out of the then 1* 042 members of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AlHA) returned satis factory replies. Concerning their basic disciplines of origin they are a remarkably hetero geneous group. They are exceptionally well qualified academically. Only about one half work in industry, the rest in health departments or research or teaching institutions. They are well compensated compared with the general sample of public health professionals. A surprising number identify their work as Mnot in public health1*. They are held in comparatively high esteem by industrial physicians. Their job stability and satisfaction compare well with the general sample. There are 7 references, -- Author*1 abst. H Personality and Achievement of Air Traffir Controllers, D.K. Trites, A. Kurek, and B. B. Cobb. Aerospace Med. 3b, I 145* i 1 50 (Nov., 1967). Personality characteristics of 338 Enrnute Air Traffic Controt Specialists contributing to greater or less than predicted achievement in training at the FAA Academy and relationships between this over- and underachievement in training and subsequent job performance were investigated. From a regression weighted combination of aptitude tcet scores and biographical characteristics ri rti> ii*.i< > iw ia * ' V j l.v- * \`' 1 - ; ' \ ' ',"V *- , r -r ' " . . * *' * - 1 , ` .; * . . , ,j, ". T V t V* * - . . - . t Li ^ : ,. . *_r ^ .. . 4 f .. w- . * v . - ..f`.. _ _ - a_ o'.-1 `.v 'lit. - -v-'* *. ;* S '- .; *.` .'> v --V'- -* :t**. -----.--i----'---.------t- * ' . ' _. * * * * . i. j v v ^ v * > k - - ; . ,.*v r l*: * r - (L y * .. f 1 '* >`T * l o-,'} * ' * * .- - . . . .... - ; - ,, : * . w_ . .'f ,," .. ..4 :v `* ,,1 1 * - .. -, V JV -='*' V'. ... 1. _v f. f . '' . !; ;. L* ' x !. . <r, - J', , 4 v ^ > .. . -' , * ; ',#.V ' * ; ` ^ ,t v- ' tir - , ' . **f -e -M J .1 -- , >-/* - fv - V ' : '* ^ *_}. . v,,,* rrr; . V lUJJJg" Industrial Hygiene Digest January, 1966 * predicted courie grade average* were computed and subtracted from actual grade averages to obtain an estimate of over- or underachievement. These difference scores were correlated with the 16 scales of the California Psychological Inventory and with meaaures of job performance. Overachievers were found to be more intellectually efficient, more interested ia achievement, responsible, dominant, tolerant, aelf-controlled, socially mature and aware of others, interest ed in giving a good impression, and had a greater personal sense of well-being than the under achievers. Relationships between the difference scores and six aspects of job performance were all significantly positive. It was concluded that (1) over- or underachievement during training reflected differences in personality structure among trainees, and (2) over- or under- 'achievement was a relatively stable characteristic^ individuals manifested subsequently in their job performance. There are 13 references. ' - - Author's abst. 15 Organising for Ergonomics. F.A. Damon. Am. Ind, Hyg, Assn. J* 26, 583-567 (Nov. .-Dec., 1967). Elimination of unnecessary physical and psychical stress promote* more effective utilization of the physical and mental capabilities which the worker brings to the job. A corporate Ergonomics Committee provides an effective, systematic method to bring the knowledge of several disciplines to bear properly to "fit the job to the worker11. This paper outlines the organisation, function, and operation of such a committee. Six references are given. Author's abst. 16 Work-rest Cycle in Aircrewmen Fatigue. R.L. DeHart. Aerospace Med. 38, 1174-1179 (Nov,, 1967), The stresses acting upon military aircrewmcn are numerous and variable. These stresses are modified by such factors as morale, motivation and mission accomplishment. The interaction of stress and the individual may produce a subjective sense of weariness, with a concomitant objective deterioration in performance--an acceptable definition of fatigue. This study was . undertaken to more clearly delineate the subjective effects of fatigue in terms of the actual workrest cycle. The subjects were highly motivated aircrewmen in an operational squadron, per forming a variety of aircraft systems tests. The missions were variable, from low level ground approach tests to high level photographic evaluations, from duration times of less than one hout, to over fifteen hours, and with a world-wide geographic spread. A daily activity log, designed to cover a 24-hour period, was prepared by each subject. The log was divided into the following five major sections: Rest, Duty, Recreation, Nutrition, and Physiological Reaction*. Twentyfour subjects completed the study, preparing the log for 30 consecutive days, thus providing a total of 24 man-months of subjective data for evaluation. The daily logs were analyzed to establish trends and the influence of duty time and other factors on subjectively described symp toms of fatigue. The importance of modifying influences of such factors as job satisfaction and mission accomplishment on subjective fatigue are presented. There are 15 references, . * Author's abst. 17 Psuedomonaa aeruginosa Epidemic Traced to Delivery Room^esuscitators. J. Fie ter, P.M. TayLonand H. M. Gezon. New Engl. J. Med. 276, 991-996 (May 4, 1967). * \t An outbreak of Pseudomonas^ aeruginosa infection in a premature nursery involved 22 newborn infants and resulted in two deaths. The original source of the epidemic was found to be the r delivery-suite resuscitation equipment that had been contaminated via a wash-sink aerator. Pyctine typing was used to relate the epidemic type of pseudomonas in premature infants to i. the delivery-room contamination. Crossinfection through the contaminated hands of personnel i in the nursery was thought to he responsible for the majority of the infections in infants not resuscitated at birth, and the infection proved uncontrollable as long as infected babies remained ' in the nursery. There are 18 references. -- Authors' abst,, Public Health Eng. Absts. i 18 Functional Chest Pain. D. E. Flinn, i Aerospace Med. I#/ 1167-1170 (Nov. , 1967), In aviation medicine, accurate diagnosis of the cause of chest pain is particularly important. Although the requirement of flying safety demands the early detection of cardiac disease, it is also important to recognize and properly manage the cases in which chest pain is caused by ij emotional factors. Functional chest pain may be a conversion (''hysterical") symptom, in which emotional distress is perceived as a somatic symptom, or It may be the result of r .\ 6 iTwIustrial Hygiene Digcjj_ January, 1968 smooth muscle spasm* mediated through autonomic innervations, affecting organs of the upper abdomen and chest. Important factors in the differential diagnosis of chest pain include its characteristics, the manner in which the patient describes and reacts to the pain, and the circumstances in which it occurs* The possibility of adding an iatrogenic element In cases of functional chest pain can be minimized by careful history and examination. There are 8 references, - - Author** abit, 19 Heart Sate of Pilots Flying Aircraft on Scheduled Airline Routes, H. P, R. Smith, ' Aerospace Med. 38, 1117-1119 (Nov., 1967), ,,_ The heart rate of seven experienced pilots was recorded at five-second intervals during take off and landing and at five-minute intervals during preflight checks# taxying and the, remainer of the flight. The rate of all of the pilots was raised during every take-off and landing. It - was also increased to a varying extent according to the difficulties and hazards of the re mainder of the flying task. The results support the view that the number of hours flown is not the only parameter needed to measure the work done by civil air transport pilots.. There are . . r 5 references. ` ' " ' TM" --Author's abat. 20 Ultra-Low Frequency Displacement Ballistocardiogram Normal Standards and Clinical Observa tions, J.E. Smith. Aerospace Med. ^38, 1120-11 29 (Nov, , 1967), In this study, as in previous studies, the resting electrocardiogram has limited value and the positive Master two-step test, although of more definitive diagnostic accuracy# occurs too late in the disease process to be of any help for the early detection and prevention of cardiovascular disease. The use of maximal exercise testing with treadmills may be a useful method of assessing risk by measuring the ft-ST segment deviation and apparently these changes can be detected at a much earlier time ifl the disease process. It is also possible that the abnormal ballistocardiogram may be of greet value in assessing future risk. This also seems to occur st a point in time that would make preventive measures more effective. The presence of a low amplitude displacement IJ 4 JM under 20 mm. or 100 micron when combined with a small acceleration HI and deep acceleration K (HK/HI ratio over 1.6 to 2. 00) seems to be associated - with markedly increased risk of the future development of vascular disease. Certainly, more medical emphasis should be directed to those cases having ST segment deviations on maximal . exercise stress testing, abnormal ballistocardiograms and abnormalities In the biochemical area. It is still uncertain what benefits can be obtained by an aggressive program of prevention, - but it seems possible that meticulous dietary adjustments, progressive exercise stress programs and an attempt to use psychiatric techniques for the relief of anxiety should all be looked at carefully. If all of these techniques combined would prevent one case of coronary heart disease per year in an airline captain at any age, it would easily pay for the cost of medical depart ment. An airline captain is probably one of the most expensive piece* of biological hardware in existence. The loss of a captain between the ages of 40 to 50 may represent an investment loss as high as $250# 000. 00 when one orients to the cost of training, toss of license insurance and pension rights. The loss of 20 captains Is comparable to the cost of a modern DC-6 jet air liner. Approximately 70 per cent of our pilots who lose their licenses on medical grounds have been due to cardiovascular disease. With an aging population and nearly 5, 000 pilots, the economic results speak for themselves without reference to the humanistic factors. There are 23 references. -- Cond. from Author's text -1 The Clinical Stages of Breast Cancer--What do They Mean? J.E, Devitt, Can, Med. Assn. J, 97, 1257-1262 (Nov. 18, 1967). A consecutive series of 1, 440 breast cancer patients has been retrospectively reviewed, with reference to the factors related to the presenting clinical stage of the tumors. The known time existence before presentation for treatment did not correlate with either the presenting clinical stage or the survival rates for these stages. In spite of earlier presentation for treatment ov<'r the 16 years the distribution of patients in the different clinical stages was unchanged. The crude survival rates and annual death rates suggest that the different clinical stages con tain biologically different tumors. The higher incidence of skin recurrences, their earlier occurrence, and the poorer subsequent survival rates of patients with the more advanced clinical stages also indicate a biological difference between the tumors of the different stages, v, b ith the host -tumor relationship so important in determining the subsequent outcome of the % patient, it is desirable that we employ methods of therapy associated with the least treatment- induced suffering. There are 14 references. -- Author1# summary ;t;y?.4^% jV*-v*' t'vv ':: r * - i. : , . ,, \n ^ : ' t .. . t N .-v t * - ' a - v *, - : .. '. . . ^ * -V-y. ; ,.'4. '!'>,** ; - 5*% V- ;^r*-*.$ -*;T\`V v.-.>*; ; *- 1 ~-- i" - 1 ' *1 iWl*-'* '*~l` iTTf I ..I............. I M- I `-'i J *1^: -I V Vt:... Uwmrv H68 * ' -i ! I i* i |i r | rj \ i u i'* N M k T 11... i ..-. t i 1 i' - i i i. - i, ( i Vmk 4 * 'f* f 1, . , ,,H I I. t- i .. t . i .................. mi > .-i A m r *> \H lifj i i hi' )iiv.o is) m 4 noiifl ('I M.ilk-r k.iluf, >iv*i|Ltifl2tf; nC- v ,' *\v., if i . 14- h i t\ >i, l i.-i' < ..n ||i|. ,l uoi ^*'4. A aoujwi ' u iiii* 'iv** . '-iili-li ,... '51.1. * i k>i IiMcituj'Is.'*1. iniir.- U*+*n iot 4?#tdy itqiara. *< i * >4 i ?- * l ,.i. um ......... ,.iin <, 11uti ~ i.i i l* *u <mU iUgittl) nuro impair ... 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'*._* .i J , <.- 1 V- 4 *i-.` m :y* it >"k '..-**>, ,v ^ ., . . *> V f ;'' l'- f' ' .a:/. ' f/V t : \ .f' f--' ; ,* " ,.- ' = - '* ' ` -.'.. .- f. : : `-.lT: i '--i iV- !<--* j'.'';v! -."-;t i`. y, `V A 3. r. -:4 f ,i\\m'. . , ; .- . * . , ';?'rv .-% ^'VvV `i'.i ,, .* >*.; '. * ; , ;>- }'. _/, s ` f* i , * k ' . * ' y ,'*?' i'.1.*> -'r . V**,' rv, r. > ', , ' ' : * .> j' ` >. **-* . ; `I r ' - ' " > --k `rVJ,- > tv'--4 - v i ' ;: V < . . 1' v Vk . \ =:': ; .r\V' / .: , .' : `-Lr - v j. - '"V-... -v ` i ' r; K 'V ' ^ ` . . - , > . '* . r' . it- ' aTiv!y>~ ft Hygiene Dig<t January, 1968 Public Health Evaluation of Nuclear power Plants. C.L. Weaver andG.E. Stigall. Health Physic* )j, 1H9-196 (Fcb>, 1967L . The potential effect on public health and the environment from the proposed operation of major nuclear reactor facilities ia now being evaluated or a routine basis. In the past year, several reactors in the 1. 200 to 1,600 MW thermal power level have been evaluated prior to the start . of construction. With the use of several power reactors as typical examples, the role of the ' Public Health Service in providing assistance to state health agencies on potential environ- { mental problems is discussed. Five references are given. . - - Abet. cond.t Public Health Eng. Abate. 1 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS I t.4 Application of Gs Chromatography in Manned Space Flight. J. D. Lem, Jr. ' Aerospace Med. _5B 1110-1117 (Nov., 1967). . A trace contaminant detection system using gas chromatographic techniques has been develop- erf to provide real-time analysis of the space cabin atmosphere and suit gas during space flight. Information concerning the presence and buildup of any toxic contaminants during flight was considered essential in preparation for missions of long duration. Gas chromatography, with . its inherent simplicity and amenability to miniaturisation* has proven to be a valuable fool in the detection system. Rigid reliability requirements are imposed on spacecraft system* and flight instruments. A maximum effort was therefore expended in this program to obtain an instrument capable of performing in a space environment without overcompromiaing the ver satility of gas chromatography in the laboratory. The cartier gas in the detection system is helium, housed in a 5.9-inch-diameter titanium sphere. Electronics are provided for amplifica tion of the detector signals, zero compensation, oven temperature control, amplifier attenuation, and automatic programing. The analyzer subassembly consists of three separate columns and associated cross-section ionization detectors. The System has undergone extensive test- irg at NA5A-MSC,* including both laboratory teats and chamber simulations, and will be of great assistance in answering the trace contaminant questions. - - Author's abst. | j J f * From the Crew Systems-Support Development Branch of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminisfraction Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas. ^ 65 Determination of the Threshold Effects of Atmospheric. Irritating Pollutants ^Comparison of Two Methods. R. Guillerm, R. Badre, and J. Hee. Ann. Occ. Hyg. (London) H), 127-133 (April, 1967). French. Two biological tests are proposed for determining the threshold effects of atmospheric irritat ing pollutants such as acrolein, erotonaldehyde, methacrolein* acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and isobutyrsldehyde. Methods involve the measure of ciliary activity of tracheal epithelium in vitro and bronchomotricity in guinea pigs in vivo. Ciliary frequency it measured by photo- oscillography. Bronchomotricity is measured by recording transthoraco-pulmonary pressure in artificially ventilated spinalized guinea pigs. Threshold effect in parts per million of the various irritants based on the ciliary activity and the bronchomotricity respectively was; acrolein 15-20 and 20; erotonaldehyde 25-35 and 40-50; methacrolein 120-150 and 110-120; acetaldehyde 450 500 and 400; propionaldehyde 650-700 and 700: and for isobutyraldehyde the value for bron- chomotricity was 1500-2500. Further tests are indicated to verify the validity of the tests with inorganic irritant*. APCA Abst*. Sampling and Analysis of Organic Solvent Emissions. A. L, Vender KoUt. jl Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J, 28, 588-589 (Nov,-Dec., 1967). T Stack emissions were evaluated for air pollution purposes by using both Mylar bag sampling t and gas washing bottles containing normal hexane and orthoxylene. Analysis was done by f pas chromatography. Agreement between the two sampling techniques was good, and each , i- method has its advantages and disadvantages. -- Author's abst. .**- * j . ~ . . " , ' '-r > - ; . *. v.'l vl : .-V. - z. % ... -=* : . .......................... " _ -.T. --* - . ,> - < -.v. : :-:,v .* ' v : - V-" -T V'"-'. ' ' . : vV.v:'*. v - ..I ; .. .! . .' i ^ :-S*. .v . *4 -fc : J ; . * - '' ... ------ try,------- ----- f ... jnrfustriaj Hygiene Digest January, 1968 67 A Preliminary Report on the Ue of Silver Metal Membrane Filter$ in^ampling for Coal Tar * Pitch Volatiles, R.T. Richards* D, Theresa Donovan* and J,R. Hall. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn, J. 2d, 590-594 (Nov. -Dec,* 1 9671. . Background information concerning reasons for the initiation of this study* the tentative thres hold limit of 0. Z mg. per cubic meter of air (American Conference of Governmental industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)* and previous attempts at sampling with glass fiber fitter* are discussed. Problems encountered in obtaining consistent results with glass fiber filters and the benzene extraction analysis technique led to a search for a better technique. Comparison of glass fiber filters, cellulose acetate membranes, cellulose niters* and cellulose thimbles with the silver f membranes were made. This comparison included weight stability with humidity changes and benzene extraction and airflow determinations. The results of actual sampling are listed* and other possible uses of the metal membrane in industrial hygiene are discussed. There are two references. ^ - * Authors' abst. I PREVENTIVE ENGINEERING \ 68 Gaseous Fluoride Emissions From Stationary Sources. R,C. Spechi and R.R, Calaceto. Chem. Eng. Pregr, 63. 78-84 (May, l967|. Methods of controlling the emission of fluorides from the brick and rile, steel* aluminum* and phosphate fertilizer industries are examined. The brick and tile industry receives brief treat ment and a concluding statement mention* that a Venturi-type scrubber was used in bottle manufacture with 92% efficiency. In the steel industry* the emission of fluorides from sinter ing plant* exceed* those from open hearth furnaces and different control mtisu/M are re quired. The addition of of, by weight of ground limestone to the sintering mix reduced fluoride emission by nearly one half. The final treatment consists of the means for supplying and injecting pulverized limestone and the final dust separation equipment. Reduction of fluorides is estimated at 96%. The basic difference between the treating system* of the sintering and open hearth processes i* the pressure under which they operate and the material used as a reactant', CafOHlj if used in the open hearth process. Among the method* discu**ed in regard to the aluminum industry are the wetting by spray* of the hot gases escaping through roof monitor*, the use of sieve-plate gas absorber column* and a floating bed type of scrubber which overcome* the tar-fouling problem and is reported to remove 95% of fluorides* Fluoride control is achieved with cyclones and packed towers. The effects of fluoride* on vegetation* cattle* and man are briefly discussed including the effects of inhalation of HF at various con centrations. ** APCA Absts. 69 Fluorine Scrubber* R.C. Timberlake. Southern Eng. 6_5, 62-69 (June* 1967J, The control of gaseous fluoride* from the superphosphate curing rea of the American Cyanamid1* Brewster* Fla., planti* described. The problem involved handling large volume* of air containing widely varying concentrations of fluorine. Four blowers* each with a capa city of 87* 500 rfm* were u? ed to deliver the exhausted air to rubber-lined Scrubbers. The 9-ft. impeller is made of stainless steel and the housing is rubber-lined. The ducts are made of Cyanamid'* Laminar ps-jlye^cr resin. Each pi the four scrubbers has 50 spray nozzles and use,* 5`Vi c*S. water >ynin. 1o capture the fluorine a* dilute fjtfosi'foie acid. The scrubber pro ject eliminates > of t'ne toTal fluorides liberated by all source? of the operations. -- APCA Abst*, 70 The !**c_of AT.mcr.it to Eliminate Acid Smuts From Oil-Fired Plant. P. Etoc. J. In*t, JFuc. 4tj jjur-e, i9tT;. The process of in.M'Cfinp ammor.5* ir.tc flue parti was developed primarily to control corrosion of .rw-torvr.erature r.cat exchancv surfAce# by neutrali xinjt the sulfur tnoxide. The present or.per deal* with the evfrrsinr. .`i the use 04 arr.rr.2nia to control oCid-condensalior. smut iarma- tir-r. There are 1; re:* rrnr * * , *- Public Health Frig. Absts, 11' t' 4 If. - V. t .: ; * ii . - -..--J I h- t ft Hvcicnc Digclt January, 196-9 Sulfur Dioxide and Fly Ash Removal From CoaNBurning Power Plant. W.A. Pollock, ,i, lJ, Toinany, and C, Priding. Air Eng. 9, 24-26 (Sept,, 1967), iyitem comprised of direct limestone injection into a furnace in combination with wet icrubb* ing is described, Based on data developed on a Turbulent Contact Absorber (TCA) scrubber* the simultaneous removal of fly ash and sulfur dioxide from coal-burning power-plant flue gases is practical. Fly ash collection efficiencies in the order of 96% and overall sulfur-dioxide removal i-.f 9l,r- can be expected at wet scrubber pressure drops of about 4. 5 inches, watergauge. For * generating capacity of 25 mw. equivalent to 100( 000 cfm, of flue gases at 300" F. the invest ment and operating costa are approximately $10/kw and $1 * 17/ton of coal respectively. An ex panded experimental program is recommended. -* APCA Abets. Controlling Combustible Emissions. L,C, Hardison, Faint Varnish Prod, 57, 41-47 (July, 1967), ^ The control of solvent emissions may be handled by adsorption, thermal incineration* and catalytic incineration, Adsorption has the disadvantage of requiring reconstitution of the sol vent and presents a complex addition to the manufacturing procedure. Adsorption aa a means of concentrating solvent into a smaller stream for subsequent incineration appears attractive fol some paint spray applications. Incineration provides the most nearly universal answer to the solvent emission problem, and perhaps the most costly. Catalytic incineration is not universally accepted at the present time because of the lack of evidence of sustained per formance, and will require a guarantee of service and replacement in order to gain acceptance for solvent emission control. Thermal incineration, on the other hand, can be assumed to sustain a given performance level if the flows, temperatures, etc.* are held constant. This will be the main tool for solvent incineration in the coating industries in the near future. -- Author's summary, APCA Absts. [ COMMUNITY AIR HYGIENE 1 73 Air pollution Control: Its Impact Upon Municipalities, Industry and the Individual. W.H. Megannell. Air Eng, 9* 12-14 (July, 1967). The impact of air pollution control Is more readily aasessed in terms of industrial costs than in community or individual costs. Yet the effect is felt by all in many ways. Restrictions in the quality of fuel that can be burned, and the combustion equipment that can be installed affect industry, the community, and the individual directly. Industry feels the effect of legislation making it necessary for them to install scrubbers or other equipment to meet air quality standards, and the individual must help to bear the economic burden in the form of increased prices for products. Government officials must take steps to cope with air pollution from, community service and activities. However* in addition to reviewing the burdens imposed on these groups by air pollution controls, it is important also to assess the positive gains made by these groups^-gains in improved living conditions, decreased deterioration of equipment, improved community attractiveness, and many other benefits. -- APCA Absts. "4 Industrial participation in Community Air Foltutior^Control Development. J. D. Coons. Mining Congr. J, 53, 56-56, 60-62 (March, 1967). Current federal and state legislation on air pollution makes it clear that industrial management must look beyond the individual industry and the local area and formulate a general solution if the continual development of such legislation is to provide effective and workable control of pollution within the capability of our economy. The San Franciso Bay Area Air Pollution Control Law ir a fine model of enabling legislation. Recognition of the airshed as a reasonable unit of self c rntroj is important. Establishment of an Advisory Council which draws on the varied interests within the community and encourages free discussion of the problems may result in improved acceptance nf the control rulings. Enabling legislation will receive attention in the majority of state legislatures within the next one or two sessions. Many of the decisions e mbodied in enabling legislation are such that all industry should be concerned with them. -- APCA Absts, 19. Industrial Hygiene Digest January* 19&B ' ' 7 5 Identification of Volatile Compounds in Kraft Mill Emissions. P.0. Bethgs and L. Ehrenborg, Svenska Papper$tid, 70. 347-350 (May. J 967). Results of examination of the low boiling point constituent* of the relief and blow gate* from a ' kraft sulfate mill by gas chromatography and mas* spectrometry are reported. The object was to identify the emissions that might contribute to the obnoxious odor. Gas sample* were taken from the pipeline leading to the recovery furnace in a 5-liter plastic bag and these uncondent- tblc gases were analyzed using a gas chromatography with a 5 A molecular sieve column and thermistor detector* The sample of the raw turpentine emission was obtained from the vapor over the liquid in a bottle of raw turpentine. This sample was separated Into fractions analysed by a gas chromatograph or from a chromatograph mass spectrometer combination. In addition to a number of terpenes, 25 compounds were identified including thiophene, three sulfides, and hydrogen sulfide. -- A PCA Absta. 76 Smoke and Smell Reduction* are Mater Diesel-Exhaust Problems, M. L. Brubacher, et al. SAE. Journal J5, 34-37 (Sept., 1967). ......... . , Although the smoke may not be harmful to health* the sight and stnell of the exhaust from some diesel-powered vehicles is objectionable. Automotive diesels operate well within the California - maximum* for unburned hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. This is not true for the maximum established but not yet mandatory for oxides of nitrogen. The problem presented by these oxides needs careful study since some research suggests that photochemical smog might be increased by reductions in the concentration of nitrogen oxides. Much he* been accomplished by.engine manufacturers to reduce smoke density in the last 35 years. Since a smoking diesel costs more to operate, economics exert a steady pressure towards improved combustion efficiency. Fuel additives have been developed which reduce exhaust density levels. Tighter fuel specifications and better maintenance have also helped to reduce smoke. The various methods of measuring smoke density used here and in Europe are discussed, - - A PCA Abets. 20, .^u.irUi Hvrine Pit_ January, J966 ! !! Arcident(s) injury X>om JO MV electron* 62 Ai rosol(*l electric-motor driven generator elimination of 5-micron from lunge ire analysis by metal film technique 52 50 51 Air pollutant* drter ruination of threshold effects of irritating Air pollution - - - 65 control impact on municipalities* industry and individuals " "industrial participation^ 73 "74 emissions from manufacture of Portland cement (bk. rev,) 11 mealurementfs) particle atlas (bk rev. | Air traffic controllera personality and achievement Ammonia use to eliminate smuts from oil-fired plant Andersen cascade impactor calibrating with aeroaola Antarctica 70 or^anochlorine pesticides la Asbfstos 42 cardiopulmonary function studies in workers hemolytic activity "Asbestos" bodies their nonspecificity 46 45 Aviation fcallistrocardiogram* ultra-low frequency displacement 20 functional chest pain L8 heart rate of pilots flying scheduled flights 19 personality and achievement of air traffic controllers 1-4 word list for speech discrimination testing 61 work-rest cycle in aircrewmen fatigue 16 Balllstrocardiogram Lit ra-low irequency displacement Beryllium 20 prtvention of intoxication in Russia Books 36 armospheric emissions from manufact ure of Portland cement 11 Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Re search, progress report 17, April 1967 12 the particle atlas 9 year book of nuclear medicine* vol, 2 1967 10 Caisson disease experimental study 60 Cancer breast, significance in clinical stages 21 skin* action of cigarette smoke con densate on mouse skin 22 Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, progress rept, 17, April 1967 . 12 Carbon monoxide detection in exhaled air by potassium pallado sulfite 33 poisoning, hyperbaric oxygen therapy 32 Carbon tetrachloride, poisoning 39 Carcinogens metabolism of labeled hydrocarbons 31 Carmine dye source of salmonellosis 24 Cement atmospheric emissions from manufact ure of Portland (bk. rev, ) II Chest pain functional 18 Chromatography application in space flight 64 Coal mines dust retention in lungs and lymph nodes of horses 49 Crotonaldchyde effect of vapor on rats 38 Decompression sickness experimental study Dermatitis* derrnatosjsfes) from anesthetic ointments Diesel (see also exhaust gases) smoke and smell reduction in exhaust Disjnfe ctants pitfalls in evaluation Dust(s) retention in lungs of coal-mine horses Dust coltector(s) collection for 150-ton electric furnace Dust counting, determination relationship between gravimetric and impinger number concentration threshold limit values for respirable dusts Dust sampling, samplers adhesive-coated cylinder calibrating with aerosols 60 29 76 28 49 57 54 58 53 55 Electric furnace, dust collection system 57 Emphysema pulmonary* small airway disease in pathogenesis 26 I'J I u* (U * ^Yii : 'Vi V1 (j. l] IV.; f M ri'.-.-j V'i fhr fi! hi v1! & Pi RiiK` H lift. Si?1 Sf UL TJ* .21 H*f Vi ` > V':': `:'`v ' - Vf y, . , 7 ,?. V'-V . ' '-. ` , ' -'V *'' ` V t . - in -!i \v ^vv ; ` ' *. S"'' * - - * ` , \` . . ... . f . f * . - * t J .'*' , - ; r'- j. \a. *,i v.w . j ^ A t -*, t * :* > J r *> ' -1 * ^ .* > * / ` - , - # .. - . 5- * ; a-. '. - *.' .;r_ * -v.v i- \l - - \ : ;., * - -. ' i; *'<_ . >v *V l' '1 l1'' ' i . *. - m. -ik '*4 * ... >. - \ " * r -*i- ` -v s V: t l, i ' :.V * . -` * * * * >-* \ ; . I,-". ` . ' ". 1 ^ ^_ ; " _ '' ` . .. .... ... A.. 1 - .. L tllT` *X \ ~ - '. f ' -L. : '%- . ............... A 1.. - ' --. J ^ . ---  ' ^1 - -> : vf>^ TT m. pc -L<^jP m ^p.,^ ii.ivi yjf , "! ^ ' ' ' ,a--. . ^ rr' ' -f Industrial Hygiene Digest January. t96B d \4 i Nr* EneL J. Med. . England Journal of Medicine t 0 ShattricJc Street Boston, Massachusetts* 02115 Paint. Varnish, prod. Paint. Varnish, Production A. Ert-ico Powell Magatine Inc* 853 Avenutf of the Americas New York, New York 1G001 Prtctitiont r Practitioner Ltd. ...5 bentinck _ London Wi, England . . ,,___ S, A. E. Journal Society of Automotive Engineer* 405 LcxincV.n Avenue New York* New York iOOlT Soap Chem. Specialties, Soap and Chemical Specialties MacNair-D'Jriand Company 254 West 21st Street New York, New York 10001 Southern Eng. Southern Engineering W.F.C. Smith Publishing Company 17fc0 Peachtree Road, N.W, Atlanta, Georgia 3030 Svensk Papperstid Svensk Papperstidning Villagaian 1 Stockholm O, Sweden Thorax British Medical Association House Tavistock Square London '*VC1, England 7., ges, Hyc. u. ihre Orcnyqebiete Zeitschrift fuer die gesarr.tn Hygiene und ihre Ore r.v'gt-bietLCIr^-7.'tKir.-5trassa *H rterlir- VV'i, Germany u sy j : * .A A ^ri ;i5 . r. :'* ! ^ i. i -.3 hi i -,`i S 1 M ? If? i & *v <' k. U ' r.g. .j. i-i.rrv i.v-: 'rr-*;> v-.:- >; v .. ,- ' ,, -. \ # :* - , r-r - * * -***- V 1*^ k . 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T. . ?: _ * h Industrial Hygiene Digest Emphysrma (cont,) roentgenologic diagnosis of anatomic Ergonomics, organising for Exhaust gases, automotive engines smoke and smell reduction in diesels 27 15 76 Fatigue work-rest cycle in alrcrewmen 16 FUter(e) new CS.high-performanceclotharrestor 56 silver metal membrane for sampling coal tar 'volatiles 67' ' Fluoride(s) . methods of controlling emission 6B scrubber for control of gaseous -------.69 , Fly ash removal from coal-burning power plant 71 Giaaswool cardiopulmonary function studies in workers 46 Hearing aerospace word list for speech dis crimination testing 61 Heart ballistocardiogram, ultra-low fre quency displacement 20 function chest pain 18 rate of pilots flying scheduled flights 19 Horses, dust retention in lungs of coal-mlne49 . Human Engineering organizing for ergonomics 15 Hyperbaric chamber and decompression sickness 60 oxygen therapy, in cai-ban monoxide poisoning 32 Impactors, calibrating with aerosols 55 lmpinger, standardisation for dust count 58 Industrial hygiene characteristics of industrial hygienists 13 Insecticides organochlorine in ant&rctica 42 residues in human body fat 41 marine organisms 40 J am ai c respiratory symptoms and smoking habits 23 Kraft, mill identification of odors in emissions 75 Lead poisoning, in children 37 Leptospirosis, acquired from squirrels 25 Lun^fs), elimination of 5-micron aerosols 50 Marine organisms organochlorine residues in Mines, noise control 40 59 22. January, H68 Nttroue oxide '' exposure of experimental animals teratogenic activity Noise control and reduction, in mines Nuclear medicine year book, vol. 2, 1967 (bk. rev. J Nuclear power plants public health evaluation ' 34 35 59 ' 10 63 Odo K).identification jn hraft mill emission? 5 Oil-fired plant use of ammonia to eliminate acid imuti 70 Ointmentfsh dermatitis from anesthetic 29 Particle atlas (bk, rev.) '9 Pesticides ...... _ mobile laboratory methods for ' '* ........... determination 43 FUstlcfs) - identifying volatile pyrolysis products 30 Psychology personality and achievement of air traffic controllers 14 Radietionfionlslng, nuclear, x-rays, etc,) injury from 10 MeV electrons public health evaluation of nuclear power plants Resuscitation psuedomonas aeruginosa epidemic traced to 62 63 17 Salmonellosis, from carmine dye capsule* 24 Scrubber, for control of gaseous fluorides69 Silicosis from inhalation of silicic add medication in experimental 4? 48 SIoan-Ketterlng Institute for cancer re search, prog. rept. 17, April, 1967 {bk. rev.) 12 Smoking action of cigarette smoke condensate on mouse skin respiratory symptoms and habits in 22 Jamaica 23 Solvent^*) controlling combustible emissions 72 sampling and analysis of emissions 66 Space flight application of gas chromatography 64 Squirrels, source of human leptospirosis 25 Sulfur dioxide removal from coal-burning power plant 71 Threshold effects determination of atmospheric irritating pollutants 65 Threshold limit values for respirable dusts 58 Zoonoses leptospirosis acquired fromsquirrels salmonellosis from carmine dye 25 24