Document qaYnr0BK8kvbrdmq6NYZJG4Mx

/ -in^TION: Copies of the complete articles abstracted in this one otter issues probably can be obtained from the publications quoted, or xay be available at any larse library. 3:.cuid a aember desire any of the articles in full, it may be possible to obtain reprints 0 from one author or, failing tnat, copy of the Journal ui -T-ich toe particular article appeared. Most libraries also have a pnotostat service. It' a member is unable to obtain what he wishes through the usual sources, or if he desires further in formation, us to the address of an author or a publica tion, let us .snow. It will facilitate matters if sesbers try tor copies direct; but if you fail, write to us. Pittsburgh, Pa., March 25, 1337 K. 3. Me Her Managing Director HWBB-HU09VW i Air Hygie.-.e Joixication of America, Inc., 4AC3 FI ft.: Avenue, Pittsburgh, Fa., April I, 193" RZ.* tr-TNC vr? A, News Ite~s orea: Britain ;-.;7t:ries bill, nev; provisions for health and s,,fety. Toll. Tuardosn, 134, c. 44 (Feb. 5, 1937). TV y-ricr.;: "ill, niado available recently, is to come into force on uly 133-5, but the Secretary of State is given purer to postpone, either factories generally, or for any class or description of factory, but not beyond Ton. 1, 1943. The portion of most interest is Part Iv, on Health one safoty, .vhicn includes improved provisions for duet removal. Details are nwt yet available. 175. A.-ZRICAN INSTITUTE OF JilNING AND METALLURGICAL engineers annual nesting. Lin. I act., I?, p. 112 (Feb. 1937). The meeting vis held at the Ualdorf-Astoria, New York City, Feb. 15-19, 1937. Health and Safety in Nines, including silicosis problems, were discussed on F.irutry 13th. Any published papers of interest rill be abstracted later. 176. MICHIGAN LEGISLATION. J, Am. Jiod. Assoc., 108. p. 648 (Feb. 20, 1937). Hill No. H 127 proposes to amend t*i Dorkacn's Compensation Act, in effect, to aiAt cospansaole "any direa.se------- approximately caused by tad arising out of anc in tit- course of employment". 177. .-CAN5A3 IZGIcL.f ION. J. An. Ned. Assoc., 108. c. 648 (Feb. 20, 1937). 3111 H 3.62 proposes to an,.nd the f.jrxacn'i Compensation Act and to make eompcnsabl'V any .njury o.* riseaj' hicb a'isus nut of or in th:. course of any coployc^nt. 178. PENNCYLV.TNI/. i.EGI_D.,noN. J. Aa. fed. Assoc, 108, p. 650 (Feb. 20, 1937). Bill No. H C2?' proposes a system of compulsory and voitutary siclcnesa insurance whose benefits tire ud consist of cash anc all iinds of medical and dental services. All cnplspycto are embraced in this bill except farm laborers and personal or domestic servants of an employer having less than 3 employees in such service. 179. CALIFORNIA LLGISU7I0N. J. An. Ned. Assoc., Ite, 646 (Feb. 20, 1937). Bill No. A 2029, introduced in California, proposes to amend the Workmen's Compensation Act, to moke silicosis, asbestosis and pneumoconiosis compensable under certain conditions. 180. CONNECTICUT LEGISLATION. J. Am. Nod. Assoc., 108, pp. 646-7 (Feb. 20, 1937). Blit No. H 640, introduced in Connecticut, proposes to require every physician having xnoxledge of any person suffering from poisoning from lead, phosphorus, ars-.nlc, crass, wood alcohol or mercury or from anthrax or compressed air illness or any other disease contracted as result of employment, to report the facts vithin 43 noirs after obtaining such knowledge to the State Health Dept. 181. SILICOSIS CONTROL PROBLEMS. Eng. News dec. 118, p. 242 (Feb. 11, 1937). Foundry 6, p. 69 (Feb. 1937). Silicosis control problems summarised by conference. Four extended committee reports on silicosis proulems and regulations were presented et e National Silicosis Conference held at the Department of Labor on Feb. 3 1937. Labor represtntntiv.s opposed medical examination of suckers and demanded govern- nen t insu rar. cc. i MM8B-0HH9`)S6 ''til VInSI'IIA SILICJilS S'JSVT.Y. Cor. Age, 2, p. 53 (Feb. 1537) . The State Heal tit Cepartnent and Cor.pensatitr. Com ssior. of 7<est Virginia are maxing a survey uf silicosis in the ceramic indue ,ries of the state in coopera- tion with the United States Public Health Service out with a view to the e.:tot-ts:jaei:t of t..:u.tao-.e T'.'.e stugy is being carried conoensatiin rates for plants cooing imcor the State Ccr.p^nsar.ion net So Silicosis. 1=3. NSS.-iniXA ldcislattc:;. Nebraska Houdu- ."til 50, v.hich includes co.r.cr.nsotier, for occupational diseases, v.-ts reported favorably by the House an March 16. ' All CONIITICXING A dirrcoVLESS 3UILEING. Sheet *etal Worker, 2?, rp. 31-40 : 22. 1? . * Ir.is article d^.-'cribeo ft system desired by ft. A. Hattis, Mech. Lag., with Ambrose C. Cris.r, -nc., Architects, Chicago, 111. The installation was made by Narowctz Heating i Ventilating uo o. Chicago, .nc ncating anc cooling of the office was tccocplishcd through insulation, exhaust ducts and thermo static heating control. DISCUSS METHOD 10 r'tlVENT TOST. Foundry, 6J, p. 70 (Feb. 1937). A discussion at the monthly meeting of the Chicago chapter of the American Foundrynen's Association, Jan. 11. 1937. The program iws devoted to a ces- cristion of measures taxen by various plants to control dust. It was pointed ---xmthinaat,tiacnle. anuoinrSg--droeopmasrtmpreondtuscegelnitetrlaellyc.uresqt uuirnelesthse cmonosstidaetrtaebnletiognr,inincinagunits 0 cone. Use of non-silica parting on the adding floor has been found beneficial in restricting duct in that department. Difficulty baa been encountered in orsviding suitable exhaust for swing grinders. American Manganese Steel Company has installed a ventilating system that gives 70 changes of air each ten hours in the foundry. Ventilation presents a heating problem because the heat con ttia:einehdeaitned thavirerx.hitahuosut tatihre isdulsotspt,drntpiclroasy. haPyirnogpebr ehtneadteinvgiseodf sthoe faforutnorireesturn ronxs in imoortance with the correction of the- cust problem. To reduce dust accumulation on the floor from newly-made castings, one plant baa a inter pan installed covered by a grating blush with the floor t.hich traps loose and diet. ' 186. NET. YOftK TO 'DAVE 540,2 FftEVENIIGN CO.'.VcOTIO'! AND EXHIBITION, Combustion, 8, p. 3-T. (February 1937). This will be ..eld at t-',e Hotel Pennsylvania, New York City from May 31 to June 5 and rill include an Air Pollution Exhibition. 187. INSTALLATION OF THE COST EXHAUST SYS TEL. Fousdry, 65, pp. 24,82 (Feb.1937). The Packard Motor Company, Detroit, Mich., has remodeled its fovndry sad in stalled a dust exhaust system. This article la a detailed accomt of the method by which this ms done, including a description of all new and modern machin ery installed, the feeding of the cupolas and the various processes the cast ings go through in an up-to-date arranged, well-heated, well-ventilated plant. 3. General and Scientific Papers 158. COMBATING OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE. Emery ft. Hayhurst. Safety Eng. 72, p. 58 (Feb. 1937) The.' Ohio Legislature of 1913 passed what is known as the "Occupational Disease d-porting Law", which requires that every physician shall report to the State Director of Health upon a specified fora any case which he believes to be occupational in nature. Ohio has always enforced this law. The total nueber 0 occupational diseases reported for the 23-year period amounted to 19,343. Since 1921 the yearly list of cases reported has risen. In the first 6 months 0: 1536 , 735 cr.sos were reported. However, there are existent many more occupational diseases tinn arc reported. All occupational diseases are due to exposure to industrial health hazards. The Ohio program is divided into immediate una long range projects, rtesearch, and not intrusive investigation, is to be the cnaracter of the policy pursuea. Occupational diseases, complain ts, reports of doctors, etc., will be given consideration. Examinations of i iI MMBB-00H9*>S/ References :c -.seer.*. Literature - 3 wcr.'.ers subjected to prominent har.arbs, 3uch as dusts, certain poisons arc infections will be r.ade. Silicosis has been selected *s t.-.e first long-range project. The uutnor oelieves that all Indus tr-al health ha card a can be elicinatad, including inc/xtrial poisonings end silicosis. 190. I.1." 157.-1.11 MEIICI.'I*: INIvCITCTICN. J. Siscn. Practitioner, 137. pc. 25^-^, vS-ct. 1936). Iris y.:o: by H. il. Secrettr/ cf State for Home Affai rs serves as the ir.trocuctibn to a s;.--pooiuia on industrial aedicine. It outlines briefly Lie deveLopaar.-.a in :i-ctniztticr. end practice of industrial aedicine in Great Britain during v.s part 20 years. The ramsindug papers treat different phases of the subject, cut refer vory briefly to silicosis ana air hy-iene if at ail. 191. DIAGNOSTIC 1171.313 IN INDUSTRIAL jlTTICINE. Paul A. Davis. Ohio State Med. J., 33. Fp. 2S6-2r2 (March 1V?7). In ti e State of Clio -.her: are nor 21 compensable ha sards and a correct diagnos- ^j^i9fuicfi!gtiair.fey^Hr?rt5Snyt^si8fi^55rri^e?fad&eaS35r!einb^i<i system, end tre-.ts rencer.e, lead and carbon tetrxhloriue poisoning, dust *3 diseases and f&rtuitiiis ir. detail, giving an outline of the examination, the Erinary and secon-.ry symptoms, and clinical laboratory roric involved in the cirgr.oais of each, .uid inciting preventive measures for silicosis and derma titis, and treatment ef t.e latter. 0 192. T'ilcil La.'.' ON r-:j ElTETilON OP ACCIEENT INSURANCE FOR INDUSTRIAL DISEASES OF DECEJSER 16, ID 36. Reichsarbeitsblatt, pt. A, pp. 353-358 (1936). This is a digest of i new German law. The most important innovation seems to be the inclusion of "severe" silicosis and silicotuberculosis as accidents, and al* "severe or repeatedly relapsing skin diseases which compel change of work or giving up any gainful employment." The first decision regarding an occupations.' disease i: now entrusted to the industrial physician. 193. THE DUTY Of REPORTING INDUSTRIAL DISEASES. A. Fell. Presse med. pp. 31-32 (1-737} A short history of reporting of industrial diseases in France is given, followeby a list of industrial diseases included in the order of Oct. 16, 1935, which . is unusually complete, embracing all common poisons and injuries, dust diseases and eye and car ri3turbances. 194. FRE-c-TFLOlUUf? _jA_'INA 1IGNS. M. H. Barsky and J. Wolff. Induct. Med., pp. 1P-2J (Jan. 1937). Aoout LOGO pre-employment examinations were made on applicants for work involv ing excavation, drilling, concrete work and road building. The hazards were severe auscular vurx end silicosis. The examination was more thorough than is customary, requiring 45 to 60 minute: for each nan. Out of 494 men exposed at any time to silica dust, only 26 -..ere fuvad to be silicotic. Their average ex posure to silica dust iris 17.6 yenrs. 195. CLINICAL, /JUntilCfi .uND SPECTROGRAPHIC RESEARCH ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ACUTE JETAL POISONING '..H'.' SPECIAL REGn.iE TO ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN LEGAL MEDICINE aNL INLCjTRIAL PHYSIOLOGY. . A. Esser. Ceut3ch. Zt3chr. f.d. gea. gerichtl. 'iec., 27, pp. 253-289 (1937). This is a conclusion of the author's previous papers on the subject. More than traces of metal are never fouic in the central nervous system, and he concludes the t the ganglion damage is caused by poisoning in "the sense of a metal stream" rather th>m by deposition of the metal. HUBB-BUU9SS8 References to Resent lf.erc.Ccrc - 4 196. INI'JSTRIAl r7I3J.\'2. I. Hunter. Practitioner, 1'7, pp. 29C-313 (Sept.1936). The prime.p.-.i suricct of tr.e paper is lend poisoning. T'-.e most iaoortant recogniseole sy-iptoas ere colic, palsy, anemia, encephalopathy -aid the pre sence of leaf in the urine. Stippling of the rad hioo<-' cells is an indication hut not conclusive. There is danger of attributing to le.d poisoning all syr.ptoss accurr.ng in persons exposed to lead. In -roventsvc treatment t high colccur. content -s needed, aperients oust be taken regularly, end cleanliness due: be observed. After the acuta synpcoos have passed, low ctlciun diet, with poo'.sc*i~. icdicc, esaoniux chloride or phosphoric ncic is beneficial. Isr.cene poiocno.- - is discussed core briefly. Treatment has been largely unsucCLO.ifal, ik. reventiou must depend upon avoiding exposure. Poisoning by ch.orinated nydrocaroons _nd toxic gases is briefly discussed. 197. I.VT.ISTRIaL POISONING. T.. Brandt. Chec.-Ztg., 60, pp. 901-5 (1936). A roviur of tiic- cost important industrial poisons and injuries. 19c. CHUIC.dj COSbTIYLTICN, PHYSICAD-CHiadlCAL PROPERTIES .0.T PiURJiACOLOOIC ACTION, .'T^N A COiiTRISUTIOH 1j THE INFLATION j? CHRONIC POISONING. E. Stnrxenstein. Klin. Ticnnschr., 1, pp. 1365-71 (1936). T:.e pater is i-ppiy u discussion of theories of the relation of poisonous effect of sxst-ls :o their place in tnc- periodic system. The periodic group including curcur-, thallium, lead and bismuth has the most pronounced effect. Two basic conditions max. cnronic poisoning possible: the _c cumulation of poisoning in too bony me the summation of injuries caused by small doses. Chronic poisoning is caused almost exclusively by substmees having a paralysing action. Those tout only irritate do not produce chronic poisoning. 199. CARBON TITRACKL0RI1E POIbO'JIHG. G. G. Eavis and U. A. Kanelin. Indust. Mad., 6, pp. 24-29 (j.937). A cable-splicer cleaned insulators in a prssincbiy mventilated manhole with a mixture of gasoline me carbon tetrachloride. He became dizzy, with a head ache, ana entered a hospital 4 days later, suffering from suppression of urine and threatened uremia. Details of clinical findings and successful treatment art given, with a review of the literature and an outline of treatment to be follwed. Howuv^r, the greatest emphasis is laid on prevention, especially the need of ventilation when working with carbon tetrachloride and similar solvents. 200. -CHRONIC XILFiE POISONING. De Oliviers. Chem.-Ztg., to, p. 837 (1936). The paper reports the case of a lithographer who died of aplastic anemia after a long period of exposure to xylene fumes. Severe damage to the bone marrow, atrophy of normal cell elements in the spleen and lymphatic nodes and atrophy of lymphoid tissues were ehown by the autopsy. 201. THE TOXICOLOGY OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS: 1-4 DIOXAN (LIETHYLENEIIOXIDE). W. Wirth and ... Alimmer. arch.f.GeserbopathuiGewerbehyg., 7, pp. 192-206 (1936). This substance is largely used as u solvent for spraying lacquers, but also finis tse in cosmetic ann medicinal preparations. The exceriaenta reported sha* that it is not as harmless as is generally supposed. Gats nice exposed to its fuses for several hours developed inflammation of the li&gs, and death follower several days after inhalation of 30 to 40 mg. per liter for similar perises. Dioxan was fotnd to be recognized by its odor and effect on eyes anc throat ..hen 5 mg. per liter -as present, but toleration wt3 acquired in r. few minutes. That concentration, however, is dangerous when exposure lasts for several days. There is no distinction between the pure and commercial forms in their toxic effects. It has no effect on the skin except drying. HIIB8-0M09SS9 c: ruiu 3 'i 3A3SITJ3I3 ACII Ilr.IVATI". lS . Thiel. Z.'S.z. zs. Mei., V^O, p- . 1-19 (193") Vari:us .:ti.mul_nc: 'are tried on a dig poisoned by carder, monoxide, -nd deter- minaiions c3cc of t ic speed of separation of carbon monoxide anc. one ir.prove.rer. in circulation an;_ -lispiration. A cixture of cardiacal end syapatol was fo-j-.d better t;.on a some :it* similar mixture suggested in an earlier paper. :3. pz . rsvie.v so.ne it,; : CHdO`-*IC -.rZiZ" rOIiCitl'IG, X, ^otz/ca. Xlin?/cr.r5chr., I*. (1537) ~ f revel opr.or.z of symptoms of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning, with oisn ;iven also to acute poisoning. 20 4a GAfiic:; J'T .ilrf. LC3E 0/ T'Z FITUITAaT. Arch. f.exp.Pathol, u. Pharnaxol. , 13*., pt. 151-5 vivid! from ex::eri;jtr. os on guinea -igs one 'v.thor concluded that the thyroid is activao ed by repented 1 ft exposures cad tvat toe thyrotropic hormone content of the anterior loot of t..e pir-iiarv glana i3 necretsed. 205. LuNG if.AIT.,TlC;,' TAGl CoLDe-IaE. 9. dchulz. Acrtol.3:.chverst.flnd.-Itg. 43. po. 14-15 (193?) A chysioi 0 used is u :isi.:fc-ctnnt for a roo;;, a mixture of lye, boric acid, glycerin,, end c:.It nine. Sic.uiess after a half-hour's exposure was followed by inflanr-toi n of tling 3 'liter. The author thus affirms the connection bcf.sen i*selation of chlorine one irritation of the ling. a 206. UA.NCA.'TIsE FOIfOflL'G. . C. V. Loebe. J.f.Psychol.u.neurol., 7, pp.220-1 (1936' Two cases of sangunese poisoning reported and described in 1932 sho-ed marked improvement in 1-36. 207. HEAVE T.UjvTd 1..' L\7UdTAj..Al HAilGANEdE PQIaCIJMG. 0, Crouaon and H. Desollle. P..ris mod., 26, pr. 361-5 (1936) A description of a typical case of munganose poisoning in c worker who hed pulverised rsv; materials in a storage battery for four years. 203. DIJTAIBUTIO:! Dr lEACudf AFTE* ITS INHALATION. W. Hirtfa. Arch.f.exp.Pathol. u. Pharmoieol., 134. pp. 91-52 (1936) It mis clown by experiments on dogs that the lungs quickly absorb mercury in large quantities nd quiexly eliminate it. Kidneys and liver store it for longer p-rtoas. dome is tcuen up by tiu brain. 209. HldTXHwJ.l, ZZ7ZCZQH OF LEAD IS THE TIGESTIVE MaCT. H. Schoenlebe. Arch. f. exp. Pathol. u. ?r.arma;:ol., 184- pp. 289-295 (1937) Various portions of the digestive organs of guinea pigs chronically poisoned by leec re re tested for vat metal, first by fixation rtth alcohol and hydrogen sulfiog. Lead trs found in the g blet cells of the small and large intestines and in t.ie epithelium of the lirge intestines and stomach, especially in the pyloric gl.nd. The moet massive deposits were found in the connective tissue framework of tiic aucos., and oubmucosa with the greatest density of the cecum. The conclusion derived is that these points -.*hcre the load is found are tjfc points froo ,.hich the greatest effort to eliminate the lead is made. 210. EXAiill.'ATThJ OF Lai I.'I CEAZBAOoPITJAL FLOIE OF N0THAL AND LEAL POISONED PEASONS. F. Schmitt and . Sasse. alin. ..cbnschr., pp.65-66' (1937) In the ccrc-braspin'l fluid 0: 13 normal parsons, 15 to 38 micrograms g of lead were found. In 5 cn.es of lead poisoning the quantity rose to 80 to 493 micro grams %. This is not parallel to the- ratio quantities in the blood. 211. LTTAI POliOMIh'G l.',' .-AAilCE ACCOAII'.JG TO OFFICIAL STATISTICS. A. Feil. Presse mc- p. 32 (1337) . The anchor of cases of lead poisoning in France is falling steadily; for exanp- t;x r. r: re 1525 cares in 1928 and 674 in 1934. Of the latter, the. greatest nuc. we'-t in storage battery plants, followed by metal enameling and lead foundries. The nunbar found in lead dye factories is strikingly low. The greatest nunber cases off.cted tha digestive tract. In most cases the disability lasted fi-15 e'* I .j::3cus:. .olov.ito, .. ..-aze<aj ^n: . Inn.9yg.ilex., 12, pp. 93-4 (Feb. 1937: .re r*'er is stucy of lead effects on oxidation de.T-broger.ation anc glycolysis of sro\-r(e tissues affected in leao poisonii^ such as brain, ki--neys, liver, testis. Tie respiratory quotient of tr.e brain was also tested and, although sociur. acetate sac little effect, lean acetate disturbed tissue oxidation si s.ucr. that results r; r: unpredictable. It was found that lead causes a cecrcise of :>:t-er. con5uo.pt:..if ill four cr.jc.ns. Tests on the brain erected cost attention cue o.) interval in encephalitis. Tr.e experiments suggest an unaerlyir.g pa tr.ogcr.esis for verted lead poisoning nu.nife stations. 213. GiiLXITnl AS-ECTf IF TKE 2ILIC0JI3 PnOPLIU. G. 7.'. Tyrrell. Coll .Guardian, 151. pp. 21-21 (Jan. 1, 1937). Iso Iron and Coal Trades dev. Jan. 1, 1:37. So stronger contact exists in the borderland field of science than that between petrology me pathology in respect to the subject of silicosis. According to present British iiv., a riser must nrove that he has beer. working in "silica rock" (including quarts, quartzite, gunister, s-nustone, gritstone and chert) in order to ootair; ccrxensatlon or silicosis. 7t* established effect of asbestoe, and -TT\ possible cftects of other silicates, have lei to the suggestion of the ter* "silicatoui3" for dust ci.oices not due to free silica. The author discusses the sericite the cry and stresses t .c need for further investigation. 214. SILICOSIS AIL flilCG-rJsirXUU'ulu I.'! a 7.5I?HALIA AJC GKir.TIliG PLiaT. M. Frese. Tuber/..-Gibliotheh, , p. 2d. J.A.Barth., Leipzig, 1936. Silicosis v;as found in nany workers engaged in grinding r.-ith sandstone wheels containing 91.5S free silica, ana giving 1 duct count of 1226 particles (presumably rvr c.c. equivalent to 70 million particles "r cuoic foot). In some cases silicosis occurred _:'tcr 2 to 4 years' rurk. l.ith another type of wheel, containing 62.3% free silica, end giving off only about a fifth as much dust, silicocis was such I^ss frequent. J.-ray pictures anti autopsy material are pre sented in 1' cases. It is interesting that a lung expert, familiar only with coal miner's pneumoconiosis, denied that 3ili. osis was present. 215. SHAT IB SILICCJIo? P. Hefferncn. Tubercle, 16, pp.397-405 (June, 1935) Pneumoconioses that are materially differing from "classical" silicosis are far more frequent nd serious than was formerly supposed. For most of these condi tions the oust of silica or silicates is -t least partly responsible. The author suggests tre following classification of these conditions: (1) simple silicosis; (2) infectec. silicosis (tuberculous or non-tuberculo.us:); (3) mixed silicoses (silico--inahrucosis, sllica-siderosia, etc.); (4) silicatoses (e.g. asbestosis, " "sillisintosls", "sericitosis"); (5) non-silicotic pneumoconioses (e.g. "cardroom disease" antlracosis, etc.); and (6) pulmonary fibrosis not due to dust (gas fibrosis, syphilitic fibrosis, and fibrosis due to microorganisms, molds, etc.). Te author believes that the interaction that produces silicosis is eiectro-cnroiical and is caused by free silica in a state of electro-chemical activity, . cting upon certain cell3 of t' pulmonary tissue. Freshly powdered silica is active electroc-.cmicaily, as arc probably some silicates, e.g. asbestos, to a more limited extent. The harmful properties of these dusts are aucu aoc.ifiod by the ms-rtes of certain otter dusts. By way of illustration, the silico s-nd user in a..-:i.Tl; silica oric.ts in rerbyshirt has a free silica con tent of 912, but each grain ;f quartz is surrounded by a pellicilo of clay-like material, and fine ':ust zoom tte sand contained -aly of free silica, which is no grea ter than in harmless shale dust. 216. All IliPGKTA.fr ITAi-IAlJ IlVdicIT I-.IG JILICGdIB. I.. Gilbert. Bruxelles iied., 17, pp. 429-431 (1137) . a brief retort on a general discussion by G. Pancteri in the Italian journal "Securitas" on silicosis -nd its incidence in Italy. r.sft rer. ccs zs ~z.: 217. F:;~C.'JOC-:".ZZllz Z.li',2 3i IITAKI'JM. h, hen:.. *03-.ai ned.anpl. lavoro Ladust., ?p. 3-I-iS (Oe'.. 1336) Titc.r.iur oxide v.:.o tomd to * reduce r.n in:"-.m.-a fry reaction in the lvngs of guinea pigs exposed to the i:..zt for terioto rang:r.g from 2 hours to 1 months. Pie effect is similar to rncueoconiosis, uni the author proposed tt* ward "titaniooio" to dtp tribe t..is condition. Piu.'OLXT jf P.*fTU.-2C0!:i0dli: SILICCdlS; oILIXdlo Air. TUBIHC'JLOJIS; Af'oSTj..Io; illZrl'-'Ib; nJ.'ThtvnCJdlS. 0. Auerbach. Indust. Med., 6, pp. 39-43 U'r.n. 17}~); lu-.rtcrly Bull. o: Sea Vie* Hosp., 11, pp.3-27 (Oct.1,36) A gener-1 p::pcr, reviewing briefly some of the literature on pneumoconiosis. Th evr...nce for _nd ag.inst the mechanical end chemical theories 13 given briefly, me the soricito ..u-.htion as similarly discussed. The effective particle siar.r inn time nccsesar, for .xposurt are discussed. The appearances in the lungs f describee., dU. illustrations. Asbestosis is considered briefly. 2xi. 3AS2?LAd71KG .272 olilCOili. A. Becgerhoff. Arch, f .Cererbeoath u.Gewerbehug., 7, pn,156--lei (1 Jcl. ' This paper refereo to tia situation in Germany. In climid.:!. jnc x-ray examina tions of 175 umaohlusters, IX tvere found .'It and 75 unfit for the work; deflnit. pul*o:tary tuberculosis was fame in 24. iiost of the sorters give up the r.ork af ter a few years, oo wti-.A.tion of tiie hazard is diffioilt in comparison with that of grincors 'uci st >;.z .u-_..rs. The author considers sandblasting the dustiest of all occupations .nd aons not relieve that methods fo" removing the dust have so far been very successful, 1 : s-tent the*. ar:sks r.nd positive pressure helmets -re unnecessary. Eiagnosis A silio-.-L: u.used by sandblasting is uifficult. In the early stages, tnc auf.-.r o .s, !* ~.y te confused ith the ' iffuse fibrosis often founa in italic. rrotle. Tuberculous,; present with silicosis, as in other cases, changes tue nsol* picture, susceptibility to silicosis has been claimed to depend Licgelv a-o,i t..e filtering action a.' the nose (e.g. see next abstract). However, .his h-if a. t been found t-ue in oundblrstera, in a rather ain mt.r a observations. ultofictl precipitation for laying dust has been found effective in some occur-tun., to U sortny of trial In this one. 22C, PAOTXTTOB AC.JIT! ioU'JHIGvE Ctt-T IK INTOSToT. 7. tt. H. Kranenburg, I. T. Groeneveld and E. ioeron. Arch. f. Gewerbepath. u. Oewerbcin^., 7, pp,133-155 (1936). In hu-lthy persons the iction of the nas-1 mucous membrane in arresting dust particles vari-.s from S0% doto to 5%, but ia quite constant for thm same person. Thar fj.lti.roj2 action vai remains unchanged after several hours* passage of dusty air through the nose. In observations made on 62 miners in the duhr district rdv. h-c. v.orxed for 10 years or more, the cost silicosis was fomd In those with the poorest nasal filtering. It is suggestec that only miners with well-filtering nose: should be accepted for work. It is difficult to estimate the efficiency of respirators, because different testing methods give different results. The capability of any kind of filtering material depends upon the kind of dust, Mo filtering material can take up 100% of the dust without great resistance to respiration, but the limit of bearable resistance varies greatly with individuals. One-way breathing la preferable for very fine re spier, tors. Colloiu filters have been found very efficient for metal :'jr.es. Sandblast helr.etc are sow node to give perfect protection against cw 221. AWTHAACOSIS AfiZ I To LIJFEiC'.ITIAL IlaGMOSIS rttfc SILICOSIS AJJD OTHEH PHECMOCOHlOSEf H. Hollaan. Aerst-. daonver-stand.-Itg., pp.1-13 (1937) This article is of interest in that the author maims a strong claim that pneu moconiosis may be caused by carbon dust. He observed workers in different dust for over a year c-.ci conduced that most du^ts, inrlnHi** iror ane* silicon carbide (carboruncuEi) are harmless, one. that only two ousts cause pneumoconiosis: quartz arc carbon. (The lat is not available in our source of information, and preaumab! does net laeluie asbestos). The fin. where the investigation was made product* a Aefe rer.c e s *.c necer.t tero'.-u-? - NUUB-H0H9S6? wide vaneay a' carbon articles. The rzr mterijl contains less then H ash, of wr.icn a large portion consists of silicates. A few cases (26) of pneixioconiosio whicn differ in no iy from silicosis tx been found a.tong 5a7 worke" using this carbon, and they were ao sen i:~o fy a rori:ea for 14 to 40 years. Three of t.iese victim rere in chat carreit ones to t.:e tr.ird stage of silicosis The -utnor claias that there are fewer cases acong roen oritlr.g with, carbon dust having r* slight admixture of iilicc. Tubercolosij a on* the ccrbon wor<ers .s: -xh tilder anc tore inactive than in oilier, v.orrters. The author concludes that intrxocosis cm be caused by pure carcon. The affect of silicates (free stlia- being unseat) tuct be shown by further study. am, rntCAMNIALS nil-v.'IX TO THE DESIGN ANT OPERATION OF EXHAUST SYSTEMS. T. Hate! mi others. Ar.ericm Standards Exhaust Code Comm., No. ASA-19, 29pp. Ar.er. : tr.ndards Assoc., N. Y. (1936) (Price 40e) I .is preliminary report contains specifications to guide those intending to Las tall and use exhaust systems, as well as to the manufacturers and designers o. such systems. The code is divided into seven sections: (1) definitions; Z) clant layout, building construction: (3) exhaust hoods; (4) exhaust pipin 5) air-cleaning plant; (o) exhaust fan and (7) construction, naiatenr.nce.' The first section distinguishes between dust, fumes, mists, vnpors and gases. "3 Trie section on exhaust hoods is both nathenaticnl and. practical, including rtaninur air velocities to avoid diepersion, and design of hoods to accomplish the result -ith the least expenditure of energy. The need for much further investigation is indicated. The section on exhaust piping gives calculations o tne size of piping necessary, pressure losses, etc., on theoretical and practi cal bases. The coae is completed by an outline of a method for testing the ex haust systen far efficiency of operation. 223. TENTATIVE CODE IT PRACTICES FOR GHINTING, POLISHING, ANT BUFFING EqUIPlEiJ? SANITATION. J. ft. Allan, chairman. An. rondrymen's Assoc. Industrial Hygiene lodes Con., A.F.A. Preprint 36-38, Dec. 4, 1936.(Price |2.,' The bulletin includes a series of definitions followed by specifications for hooc and branch-pine requirenents, details of design of abrasive wheel and belt enclosures, *:nd cininua air velocity standards, with Illustrations of eact tyre of hooc application. Set-grinding operations art- exempt from the pro- vis ions of the code, txiless they give rise to a noticeable quantity of spray or nint in the surrounding atmosphere. 224. HTJTxTIV:. CODE Or ftC0Cir3SED PRACTICES FOA TESTING AND KEASUftlNG Alft FLOW IH EXHAUST JSTEAo. J. ft. .Allan, chairman. An. Femerymen's **soc., Industrial Hygiene Codes Conn. .F.*. Preprint No. 36-27. (Price >2.00). 1'ais code prescribes the general type and proper use of instruments for measur ing ?.ir flow in exhaust systems. It covers the application and testing pro cedure for pitot tubes, sonometer gages, revolving vans anemometers, and cringing vans direct reading velocity meters. Eleven Ulus t rati oca are include* ith a graph of air velocities corresponding to weter-gage readings for use with the pitot tube 225. INIUSTftlAL DISEASES CF THE LONGS KITH SPECIAL ftETSHENCE TO SIUCOSIS. W.E.Coo/ Practitioner, 137. pp. 314-323 (Sept. 1536). This paper is a brief survey of the field of dust diseases, presenting most well-known facts, but in a well suMarized fora. Only free silica and asbestos dust have been proved to be biologically active and to cause extensidisease in workers, although temporarily harmful effects may be attributed to many others. In the case of asbestos, possibly ths fluids of the lvng dissolv the magnesium md calciu.,, leaving the fiber pure silica. It has been claimed trut silicosis is aim to serlcite and not to free silica, but out of the con troversy has come general acceptance of the view that serlcite Is not the primary caus-b of silicosis. Siccrosis and anthracosis are nones given respectively to the red 3olid lungs of ironstone Miners and the hard black lvngs of coal niners. In each case, hoiever, silica has been shown to be ftc;\ rc. HUBB-00O9S63 ::r.3r:i; -e_-er._'.tic, r.a tni discos; in i-T.=.-.r-:r.t-lly silicosis. This is ii- iastr.'.eee in .i turtle.: ..*. British coal nines. In Sout.n Kales, *.r.ere the pcroantij. fre sii.ct is nigh there tr- nary ..-.or: eases of "anthracosis" in 'roportien to the ..or.nnj popul-tisn tn.-r. in .Tertn Kale3, ncr t.-.tr; is lit',1c fr. : eil-rt. Several yt.trs' court -re general!-/ required in oroer to bring on silicosis, hut :xc-oe:ve exposures, -3 m sand biastinj, .trie t.t.. r-tser.co of fr*: al:_li. ns in seeuring oev.ci. ts, _cc:leratt3 the letixi o:' siiic;.. Individuals v-.ry in s-. o-r: .t-l-ty, :-.'.:j1'-s t.-.e v.osc over 10 acquiring the disens,. in r. shorter tin- v.tr. jtniro. ieverui oth-r diseases predispose to silicosis. To prc*-ce cis_r.se 5.list '-.use b. soluble, but probably cltccroc.smie-.l rropt rtiss ore --- zz -too tent. a*. least 7e% of silicotic patients eontrnct tub. rculosie, an- otn.r infections trt not ir.camr.on. The- ..arliest x-ray evidence iu an incr;..oe in t..c .roity if the shado- j of the vascular tree. I.ater the snail arteries ar.neir to have *'uce along tnc-ir course. The rcrmchyaa looks hazy, anc nodules acre or oaf iut-.r i*ual.sco. The earliest indications r.re in the mid and lo-. r lung asneii. Inor_- 5 in the root shadow due to lnrolv-.nc.nt of the glancs is constant. Shortncu- breath, incr-ascs to a point h-'-c it is static. Wording capacity is Lapel rec, nut r-ithout ristress in no reing. Kith tuberculosis, loss of re; 7:1, :.v-r, r.i.y.t sw-ats, hemoptysis r.nd, aor; abundant sputum arc noticeable. Luc- role bacilli rv/ b- difficult to find in snutum, mb guinea pig inoculation may tc ncn_s.r rv. Tice .d.ood sedimentation rate is useful in diagnos 0 ing siiico-tuberculosis. Physical ciyns :.ro not characteristic of silicosis orr go not be-r _;y r .it tionsnic to the extent of lung involvement. Diagnosis is based on good :.--cy film ic history of errosurc. Khcn diagnosed the silicotic should be r-.nuv^c from fat silica ..&sard and as far s noS3 idle from risk of iaf-ctions. Tte real -r.-t.t,.nt li-s in the prevention of dust at its source. 226 DUsT hZbrif.r.X-si. E. oaolrsyu. Garaasbc, pr. 121-5 (Scrt.-Dec. 1936). The r-icc ua- of '-aspirators dates from the World tar, although simple forna sucf as handi:-rchi..fs ..uv.. oce.i u3*d for centuries in the Sahara. The development ol good ;n.sriraborn lirgely occurred in the decode 1520-1930. The author states that there - re two vnys os obtaining an effective filtcn(l) increasing the thickness, lad (2) increasing the area; thereby increasing the length of time for the air to pass through. (The last statenont is open to grave-doubt.) air.ee the r-ssstr.aco is increased by thickening the filter, the soond netbod is prefer ibis. The advantages of positive air helmets are discussed. There is increasing n..cd for good respirators. The article is coll illustrated. 227 REi''!IaTurE PROTECTIVE IEVICES. C-arlton E. Srown J.Ind.Hyg.& Tox., 19. pp. 15-107 (fab. 1537). Although the use of other preventive or control methods is pref .rabl-. to the use of respirators the latter are desirable if not essen tial in aaay si tuitions. The history of respirators cates back earlier than thw line of Pliny, tha Elder, who describes the use of loose bladder skins for the purpose. The hose typo was also snoen in ancient times, and positive pre cur. devices were moan at the beginning of the 17th century. Modern respir ators are classified according to tha tutorial fron which protection is neces sary, as follows; (1) irespirable atmospheres far fron a source of fresh air; (2) gaseous contuaiasnts in low concentrations; (3) irrespirahle atnospheres near sources of Irish air; (i) pa'-ticuls.t,. contaminants, such ns dust, and (5) high c:>nccr.tr..t v-ns of ga.if.ous -nb particulate contaminants. The first type requires a s-rpply si' oxyg .n nd a i-igtccntor or chcsical for rcaoving carbon dioxide. It aust b^ ca> ried. by tee Mar*;-, and therefore its length of use is Unites. No rcs-iratory '.'quirn-ot till 'rotect a^ainat absorption of harmful gases teresign the shin Dr irritwti of the 3'in. This type is used in mine rescue ..o-x. The second tyr. includes tlm jr.s eisxs for car use, and other forms for ,<i.itj of ;>ses us-d _r Industry. Tiie third type is the positive p raosur r'-vicf. -.i-til-ir to b-.at usee in sandblasting or^r.tions, but hand-oper- ett-c, for net vith ocire.i eac other organic poisons. The fourth is the ordin ary cust rtsoir-tor, oC irhich a master of satisfactory forns arc aor; developed. A 3ir.pl' oractical test of efficiency is given. The fifth is the positive pressure .seinet used in sandblasting. f P re?'; .-e:e.:: L.*, era: ure .here is -l.li roc: for improvement in ail tyres of cresent resriroters and aevel:rm^.'.s -re listed. A ;iur-pge t*ble of tyres, protection, service periccs, wei^ots me r.prrcxi.rxte prices is incl-aiec. ..-.-u.iv, uw.x>: ii.i M. Sun- :ius, A. 3ygaen, ana I. 3ruce. Irens. Cer.tr.tc, 21> ^.167-81 (.Atr. 1- The die ex = id ft. rttion of sust in the lung of 3 worker who hsc died fror sili-osi :tr$t aestroying tr.e organic tissue wit.a tr.e aid of hydrogen ce rox13 - "-s :jund to be distributed fairly well throughout tne lung. Th : tflt lynphatic glands, referred to the dry '.'eight, is about trie Sj-S e minder of t.,c lung, but it is tore finely grained. Ail cor.pone r..s - ' V. E aattriuls arc present in the dust, but the proportion of quartz ar.c folds-.; sonev.hat decreased, r.ith a corresponding increase in k.aa Unite ana hr. veroce diameter of the dust is belt* 2 ro 4 microns. Than the at to s- phcric rst ir. the factory is separated according to size by suspension in we. ter, It 13 C fiie duct is found to have the sane composition as the lung dust xe- that no cn;r.ic?.l decomposition of oust in the lung can be p roved. 229. iSElOrt*;] 1:: the r.nuci:.::: Of :sst luring asi* opEiUHoas. j. i. Graham British Colliery Owners' -...search Assoc., 1936 . 20 pp. The author states in the introduction that "the breethiqgof dust in high con- centrat-r.n is definitely nar.aiul if the dust contains a high percentage of free silica and, even if "he 1.tV:- is not the case, repeated exposure to very dusty atmospheres will probaely _-.-o.-jca oronchi.ai trouble......... It is obviously most desirable that tic atmosphere breathed by ten In tad erg round operations should be as free fror- dust as is reasonably practicable." A brief discussion of the nature of silicosis aid safety limits for rust is followed by a description of tie various safety measures used in .tines - vet crilling, suction hoods, dust traps and respirators. Net drilling prevents dust, but the use of compressed air witii water gives off fine dust with the spray. Suction hoods (local exhaust hoods) rs successfully used, and rotary drilling is better than percussion drilling. bi3t projectors arc used after blasting to remove dust and injurious 230. PHEtvIC POLLUTION- TEE FSESENT POSITION. C. -. Opie. J. Aoy.Snn.Inst., j7, pp. 431-43 (Jun. 1937). The author is Chief hooke Inspector for the City of Liverpool. The o.uestion is aiscussed ia.inly from the standpoint of smoke pollution. Less progress has been made in .`.-v.teaent of air pollution than in any other aspect of public health .vor.c. The domestic chiroey is the chief culprit. The author urges increasing the - > efficiency of the donmstic fire, the tze of smokeless fuel, and correct furnace management in industry. Acid gases from industrial chimneys can be decreased by pre-treatment of fuels. 231. sKDriOGES SULFILE, IKE CAUSE OF ETE DISEASES IN THE VISCOSE-ARTIFICIAL SILK INI'UETRI. G. Hortsch. V eroeffentl. a.d. Geb.ri.Volksgesundheitsdienstes., No. 41 66 pp . Berlin (1937). A thoroi^h Investigation of an eye disease prevalent in a viscose rayon factory, and a consideration of ill possible causes, lands to the conclusion that bydroge sulfide i3 tie only cause. This fact has been known, but the value of this voli is that it finally settles the question. A full review of the literature is included. 232. Ald-aC-GE INFECTION. '. . ells and !i. r. "ells. J. Am.Ued. Assoc., 107, pp. 1698-1703 aha 1T05-1P09 U-ov. 21 and 2S, 1936). This is ;. gemtal review of dr. Tells' notable contributions. He has demonstrat ed that c/\cterin remain suspended and viable for many hours in droplets in the atmosphere. The period of survival of the influents virus is much briefer. Sneezing may produce heavy atmospheric contamination with mouth bacteria. The best bactericidal agt in air is ultraviolet radiation, best between 200 and 300 millimicrons in wavelength. This method is in experimental use in hospitals and food nreserviue establishments. Its application to factory workrooms would require r.uc.i furt.tr experimentation, as there arc many unsolved problems. HWBB-0Uim6'i ! I eacej :o HHHB-()tiU9b6(> 233. OCCuTATTOSaI CANCER Jr (Feb. 1=37} 'C. L. T'ile Inr.,.l/g.iTax., 12, pr."T3-33 TJie -uthor aou-.s iany current statements that cancer has increased within recent Tears, attributing too upaMrom to better recogn:torn of the disease. The some is true of silicosis. Street dust tc ^iven js a ctuse at reused ' cancer, but in spite of increased traffic there are no such clouds d( dust as there -ere years ago. There here been many oporto of isslr.tec cases in the scicntiiic literature, lin.:ing cancer with silicosis and other industrial diseases, hut the rarity of such cases and the variety of the diseases do noth ing to prove any connection. Soae animal oxperiaents tend to establish a rela tion chip, hut even if the results turn out to be more positive than they now arc, they would not prove the case for husian beings. Dn the oto_. r hand, there arc two occupations, in one of r.tich cancer nr.y be strongly suspected .z a result of exposure to cert'.in nat-Ti-ls, and in tha other there is no doubt of the connection. The first is the chroente industry. Soae cases of cancer have been found in workers in old factories, usually afte 20 years of work. In the never factories no cancer has been reported. It is possible that improved hygienic conditions nay prevent its development. The other dangerous occupation is radius wining, and several pages are devoted to a diucussion of that industry. Other possible causes, such as arsenic, have been olinincted, and t-acre is no doubt that it is traceable to the radius coo- pounds, especially tin .yisaous emanation. The question of prevention among these .cincrs is difficult. C'.-read-filled respirators cannot be worn con- timjpusly, and ventilation is only tartly successful. The only effective means are shortening of to. wort day and sntira period of work, and alternation of work. 234. EXF&iHfcMTM. INVESTIGATION Of ANILirX CANCER. J. Sercnblim and G.M. 3onser. J. Ind.Hyg.&Tox., 12, pp.06-91 (*reo. 1937) It is exv accepted fact that a prevalence of blsc'.-'er cancer exists in the aniline India try, although the cause of the disease is still obscure. The substances most probably responsible are the intiraodiates, benzideae and a- and b- naphthylaaine. Tnc tuaors develop after a long latent nried, usually 10 to 25 years in man. The Investigation involved 2 aspects: (1} the induction of bladder tuaors by long continued administration of some of the siapected products used in the industry, and (2) a 3arch for the pros _nc: of carcinogenic substances in the urine of workmen employed In the dye industry. Intrepcritoncal Injections, feeding, and inhalation wore used as r.uni of introducing the suspected tutorials into the bodies of anInals (ruts in so\z* instances, rabbits in others). The results were entirely negati'/c, confining the work of most investigators, but disagreeing with that af two others, lie results, of course, are not conclusive In disproving the ..facet in nan. 235. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE LEGISLATION a THE UNITED STATES, 1936. Charles F. Sharkey, Chief, Labor Law Information Service. U.C.Dcpt. of Labor, Bur. of Labor Statistiss,3ull. Mo. 625. Washington, D.C, 1937. 52 pp. Tbs introduction ' also appcaroc in U. S. Monthly Labor Rev., 2, pp. 1096-1161 (hot. 1936). Establisnment of the compensation principle for accusational disease* has been much olot.cr than for industrial accidents. In the post 2 years, however, legislation provide compensation for silicosis and other occupatlcnal disu-ircs has bo-- ressrc in a nunber of states, A summary af the substamee of recent laws is follower by copies of all statutes or sections relating to occupational diso--.se. This bulletin asy be us<.ftH to n-nbers as a supple ment to the. Legal Bulletins ,nd may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Gachington, C. C. for 10 cents. Corrections on March abstracts. Abstract 117, on ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINATION FOft HIGH fEUFErb.TUaE .XaT 3AT!iS, should have been c red it to to 3. D. Tebbens. Thr nixaber 170 srs duplicated. Please refer to the article by Angus and Stewart as 170a.