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VOLUME FIFTEEN NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1945 NUMBER SIX A 6-jt. diameter wood tank lined with sheet lead and containing a 2-in. lead pipe heating coil and a power-driven lead covered agitator. One oj three similar units recently made for a soap manufacturer. Wide Variety of Lead Equipment Used lo Chemical and Manufacturing Industries NYONE who is conversant with kamen Soap Products Co. of Barber A the commercial uses of lead is ton. Ohio. Two of these tanks are 6 aware that this corrosion resistanftt. in diameter and 6 ft. high, the metal is used extensively by the chemi other 7 ft. diameter and 7 ft. high. cal industries as a construction ma They are constructed of 3-in. fir staves terial for equipment to handle active and each is equipped with a power chemicals. The extent to which lead is utilized for similar purposes in general manufacturing industries is perhaps not so generally recognized. The accompanying photographs show several applications of lead which make use of its corrosion resistant properties in heavy industry as well as chemical manufacturing. The first is a semicircular steel tank lined with lead lining and containing a heating coil of lead pipe, used by the A lead lined steel tank shaped to (U the u ori, it is to han dle. Heating coil is oj lead pipe on lead hangers. Estate Stove Co. of Hamilton. Ohio. This tank is 12 ft. in overall length. 2 ft. 6 in. wide and 2 ft. 6 in. deep. The lining is 12-lb. per sq. ft. chemical lead which extends over the flange angle at the top. The heating coil is 1-in. chemical lead pipe supported on lead hangers. All joints in the lead work are welded. The joint visible where the inside vertical wa I! j oins the bottom clearly shows the charac driven stirring unit. These tanks are teristic uniform overlapping appear lined with 8 lb.-per sq. ft. chemical ance of a skillfully welded seam. At lead which turns out over the top edge the right of the picture can also he of the wood construction. Additional seen a lead lined overflow pipe with a vertical support is provided bv five Hanged connection. steel straps located at the joints in the The picture on the cover shows a lead lining and bolted through the lead lined wood tank, one of three tank walls. These strips are in turn which were recentlv furnished to the covered with 8-lb. sheet lead welded to the tank lining. The heating coil is of 2-in. A weight lead pipe and the agitator is of wood covered with 8-lb. sheet lead. The picture at the bottom of the page is of a 35-ft. long wood tank both lined and covered with tellurium lead. The 12-lh. sheet lead lining is turned over the top edge and welded to the 8-lb. sheet lead covering on the outside which extends 1 in. below the bottom of the tank structure to protect the wood from the splash of the cor rosive contents of the tank. This tank is used I)v the \f olverine Tube Co. of Detroit. The fourth picture is of a group of lead anodes used hv the Delco Prod ucts Co. of Davton. Ohio. Thev are 21 in. high and o in. in diameter of This large teood tank, lined and covered uith sheet lead, is protected both inside anti out front carrositt action pf its hit:; contents. LI A 2 5 868 10-lb.. 6 fier cent antimonial lead. A copper supporting ring and part of the J/4 x H-t-in. copper hanger are covered with lead. With 1-in. holes Anodes of antimonial lead suspend ed from sheer lead covered copper rings and hooks will have long life in electro lyte solution. spaced l1^ in. on centers these anodes present a large surface area of cor rosion resistant metal to the electro lyte solution. All of the above described items were made by the Hauser-Stander Tank Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio. They are but a few examples of the use of the corrosion resistant properties of lead in heavy industry outside of the chemical field. They are, however, more or less typical of applications in processes dealing with cleaning, pickling, mixing and plating. In addi tion to endless variations of similar uses in connection with liquids and mixtures, lead is also indispensable in handling corrosive gases. It is so used as a basic construction material in the form of sheet, pipe, extruded shapes and castings and as a coating which may be applied by hot dipping, elec troplating or spraying over other metals. Power Furnished by Lead-kid Battery Drives F. S. Navy's Wakeless Torpedo EAD-ACID storage batteries along highly adaptable to a wide range of L_ with many other completely de power requirements. In this applica pendable commodities of civilian tion which requires but one great economy are essential products which surge of power for a comparatively were thoroughly adaptable to militar\ short time the battery was designed use and they have served countless with thin plates pasted with specially purposes on the ground, in the air and developed material. It has the highest at sea. The combination of long life, capacity per pound of weight of any ability to supply heavy current re storage battery ever developed. quirements. and easv maintenance The battery driven torpedo ac made the lead-acid battery indispensa counted for 1.856,200 tons of Jap ble to the mechanized military organ ization. No other source of equal power is so universally available as the lead-acid storage battery. Since this power is produced bv chemical reaction within the batten with little or no b\-products to be disposed of. the storage battery was chosen bv the designers of submarine torpedoes of the Unite States Navy as the source of propelling force for the latest type of torpedo. The outstand ing feature of this torpedo fiom the Naval point of view is that it leaves no wake and it therefore gives no warning of its approach to the enemy ship under attack as does the older tvpe engine driven torpedo. The lead-acid storage battery, by means of variations in design, is anese ships sunk and made possible a number of outstanding submarine operations which accomplished multi ple sinkings. It is much simpler and less expensive to manufacture than the engine driven torpedo in addition to being undetectable from the surface. The design of the torpedo, including the electric motors which propell it was entrusted by the Navy to the Westinghouse Company. The battery, called the "Suicide Batter}'" because of its dedication to destruction at the completion of its single mission, was designed and manufactured by the Electric Storage Battery Company of Philadelphia. LIA28869 HIS issue of "Lead"' marks the Tfifteenth anniversary of its pulication. Through these busy years it has Fifteen been our purpose to present to our well as sheet lead roofing and flash readers information which would be ings on both of these buildings. interesting and helpful and which On another page in the same issue would call to their attention the many is an account of the growing use of ways in which lead is being used and the then newly developed tetraethyl can be used to accomplish both the lead treatment of gasoline, citing an routine and special objectives of their increase in the amount of lead used work, SS e are encouraged bv the for this purpose from 650 tons in numerous responses we have received 1927 to an estimated 4.000 tons in to believe that we have been success 1930. This use of lead has continued ful. to increase until in 1945 over 85.000 In looking over early issues we note tons of lead was consumed bv the a consistant pattern which recurs in gasoline industry in this country. Of nearly every issue. Along with items much greater significance than the concerning old established uses for amount of lead used, however, is the which lead have proved to be highly increase in percentage of gasoline that satisfactory there appear accounts of is lead treated. In 1930 only 8 per new applications of lead or entirely cent of the gasoline consumed con new adaptations of well known uses tained lead, whereas at the present which in turn become common prac time over 95 percent is so treated. This tise as they prove successful. For in use of lead in the manufacture of the stance \ olume 1. Number 1. contains best gasoline ever produced in the two accounts of architectural uses of world was one of the most important lead which have been common for factors in the creation of American centuries. These consist of decorative air supremacy in the war and had lead work in the form of cast lead much to do with the achievement of roof crestings and finials on the Shedd victory by the Allied forces. Aquarium in Grant Park. Chicago, Another item in our first issue dealt and stamped lead spandrels on the with lead sheathed submarine cables. Tribune Tower, also in Chicago, as Cable sheathing continues to be one of the major uses of lead and the cable Office building and suburban station oi the Pennsyhania Railroad in Phila delphia built in 1929 rests on lead- asbestos vibration isolation pads. manufacturing industry produced one of the most spectacular accomplish ments of the war effort bv adapting their machinery to the production of continuous armored lead pipelines which reached from England to France to supply gasoline to the in vading armies. Lead-asbestos vibration isolation srsh'Ufcim pads had proved their worth bv 193d and "Lead" carried an account of their gss g. use under the footings of the new office building of the Pennsylvania Railroad in Philadelphia as well as the projected 30th St. Station. This type of vibration insulation has been used under many of the buildings in the Grand Central area in New York and a recent issue of ''Lead" described an installation of lead-asbestos pads in the recently completed station of the Canadian National Railways in Montreal. In fact their use has be come virtually standard practice for ff.NNSyi.VAMA RAIL ROA P Years Publication of LEAD] Of Uses of -252? "Wr: c-xi. High performance charcc:tr:sA pendent on tctraethsl /e3 A 1929 automobile. one of the early models hal ing high compression engines designed to lake adinntage of the anti-knock properties imparted to gasoline bv the addition of lead tetraethyl fluid. -- 4- LIA25870 the Progress and I Metal lead covered skylight construction id crestings on the Shedd Aquarium, o, published in "Lead", November, nd left, lantern roof and structural dome of the Pennsylvania State CapiIding, one of the latest large applica nt lead for roofing and dashing pur poses. Development structures subject to railroad vibra tions. Other articles in the first issue of "Lead" nere devoted to lead water service pipe and to pure white lead paint, two of the most ancient uses of lead for which no superior materials have vet been found. Another item on a present day application of a most ancient use of Lead dealt with burial caskets. Lead has. for centuries, been chosen as the medium for the preser vation of precious relics, one of the most recent applications having been the sealing of priceless French tapes tries in lead boxes before they were hidden away underground to preserve them from the looting invaders. During the war vears we have been privileged to show many new uses and adaptations of lead most of which are of such a nature as to be of great usefulness in peace as well as war. For instance, hot dip lead alloy coat ings on steel which were used exten sively on army radio containers i"Lead". Sept.-Oct.. 1940) on pole line hardware and other materials have assumed an important place in the fight against corrosion. Electro plated lead coatings (`'Lead . JulyAug.. 1945) and sprayed lead coat ings ("Lead", Nov.. 1943 i have also established their worth. Cast hard lead w as adapted to use w here strength and stiffness are required in the hard lead water closet floor flange ("Lead". Nov.. 1942 i. These flanges have been freely accepted and widely used by the plumbing trade along with other hard lead items such as trap screws and drum trap covers. This demon stration of the adaptability of lead to mechanical serv ice opens possibilities for wide applications. Frangible bullets of lead powder and plastic for air force gunner train ing constitute a strictly military use of lead but lead powder-plastic mixtures may well become an important com mercial commodity by reason of weight or x-ray absorptive qualities. The use of lead azide as a detonating agent has increased the stability and keeping qualities of small arms am munition. High lead content bearing metals are firmly established in the estimation of engine manufacturers. Lead alloy stamping dies, lead foil packaging materials, lead moulds for plastics and many other applications have all been reported. The list is endless and constantly growing. We plan to continue to bring to our readers accounts of the many ways which lead is used in its many forms and the new developments which are constantly coming to light. We will endeavor to keep "Lead" in teresting and informative and we hope that our readers will feel free to com municate with us whenever they have need of additional information about the uses of lead or any of its products in any phase of their work. The modern .station of the Canadian Sational Railways at Montreal completed m 1944 relies on lead-asbestos vibration isolation puds for insulation of track structure. This car. like its more modern counterparts, also makes use of lead in battery, bearings, sol der, brake linings, cables and other struc tural and mechanical Darts. 1 rrrr- CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAY ^ LIA 2 5 87 1 a! h Lead Pipe Installed Id Hydraulic System Eliminates Rust Scale Nuisance NE of the most important ad weight lead pipe as set forth in Com O vantages gained bv the use of mercial Standards CS-95-41 t. lead pipe is its freedom from the inT o provide maximum possible safe convenience and danger of accumu guard against rust scale the storage lation of rust scale in the water system. tanks also were lined with sheet lead. This is particularly important where In addition the entire service and sup the water is used in hvdraulic ma ply line was replaced with lead pipe chinery since such scale can cause so that no scale will he carried into serious damage if it enters the valves the svstem bv the make up water. or cylinders of pump or presses. Even Rust in this hvdraulic sv.-lem ha.-, if protective strainers are provided in the past, been a serious nuisance the time consumed in periodic clean since, in spite of the reasonable pro ings can be a serious economic loss. tection provided bv strainers, scale Recently a change from iron pipe has accumulated in the high pressure to lead pipe was made in the plant of a large manufacturing concern in Cleveland. 0.. for the purpose of eliminating the nuisance of rust scale from the hydraulic system of their heavy presses. The entire system of return lines from the presses to the storage tanks was relaid in 1-in. Class 100 lead pipe (Class 100 is the desig nation for lead pipe safe for working pressures up to 100 lb. per sq. in. established by Federal Specification 'S -P-A25. It is identical in weight and wall thickness with AAA (\.\S 1 Brlou. supply line and one of tin returns from hydruitlir press. Three weeks' accumulation ot rust taken tram high pressure chamber ot hydraulic pump serted by iron pipe. chamber ot the pumps serving the presses where it creates a hazard to valves, seats and packings as well as to cylinders and pistons. The ph ! >graph shows the deposit re;,. d after only three weeks' running tune. The thin film which forms on the inner surface of lead water pipe is highly insoluble. It does not absorb water and swell nor does it slough off. Therefore the Store remains open and the walls remain full thickness. \4 ith the new lead pipe in place in both return svstem and supplv line and with the storage tanks lined with lead the risk of damage to the machine by corrosion products i- v irtuaiI v eliminated. In addition the piping can now he regarded as permanent and without need for future maintenance. -- r. -- LIA25872 A Portfolio of American \u2.f\>droarks ^, iv No. 34 Rensselaerville, A Charming New York Village e n s s e l a e r v il l e in the east R central part of New York State is a picturesque and charming village, the main street of which wanders up a gently sloping hill parallel to rocky Ten Mile Creek. The village w as estab lished in February. 1788, and soon became one of the most prosperous communities in the State. Three mills were operated by the water power of the creek and several tanneries were in operation. After years of operation the hem lock timber, source of tanbark. was exhausted and the tanneries were com pelled to cease operation. Later the mills ceased operations or were destroved and Rensselaerville declined in commercial importance. It is today a delightful isolated village accessable only by highway which makes it doubly pleasant as a summer home for the present owners of manv of the fine old residences erected when the town was at the height of its pros perity. Many of the original settlers came from southwestern Connecticut and the architecture shows unmistakable influence of builders from that area. The lovelv old houses shown on this page are in perfect condition. Pure white lead paint with which they are all protected from the weather has played an important part in keeping them so. THIS IS NO. 34 OF A SERIKS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MINT AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COINTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FI TI RE WITH PI RE WHITE LEAD AND OIL PAINT. MANY OF' TIIFtW 11 VV E ALWAYS BF'.EN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. -- 7-- LI A 25873 Used Engine Oil Tested With Lead Plated Strip NE of the newer uses to which of such oils without tedious labora O lead plating is now being ap tory tests will be of great value to oper plied is the determination of coraroto rs of gasoline and diesel power. sivity of used crank case oils in Such a means is provided in a bear internal combustion engines. It is well ing corrosion test strip manufactured known that engine oils oxidize and by Randall and Sons of Berkeley. become corrosive to bearing surfaces California. It is a narrow strip of after extended periods of use at high copper plated with lead in steps vary temperatures. A convenient means of ing in thickness from 0.00003 in. to determining the degree of corrosivity 0.001 in. The test for corrosivity con sists of the immersion of the plated strip in hot oil 1138 C or 280- F i for a period of one hour and the observa tion of the extent to which the lead plate is removed from the copper base. The test may be conducted in the crank case by attaching the strip to the dip stick or it may be applied to oils which have been withdrawn and heated in a beaker. Minute thicknesses of lead plate may be accurately achieved because the rates of deposition of lead at given PROPERTY PROTECTION WITH WHITE LEAD PAINT A 28 page booklet oo the protective value, durability and beauty of pure white lead pilot with quantity estimating tables, formula* and roiling and tinting instruction* for exterior end interior use. BED LEAD FOR STRUCTURAL WORK By Dr. L. L. Carriek, Direeior, Red Lead Research, Lead Industrie* Association A discussion of the rust inbibitive qualities of red lead paint and the best meant of making use of those qualities for the protection of structural metal. Reprinied from Engineering Actcs Record, April 6. 1043. LEAD CARRIERS ITS WEIGHT By Fred P. Peters An interesting resume of mtev of the long etablisbed u-e? of lead plus information on a number of recently developed adaptations of the properties of lead to special purposes. Reprioted from Scien tihe American, June, 1944. SOME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND THE ANSWERS By Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist, Forests Products Laboratory, Madison, Vis. Reprinted from the A'au'oitaf Real Estate Journal, Sept., 1939. STAMFORD'S DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analysis of hard lead Sashing, white lead paint, lead plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certigrade shingle details and installation methods. Reprinted from American Builder, July. 1939. STOP DEMON RUST Leaiiet giving concise, simple instructions in the u*e of the rust preventing qualities of Red Lead Paint in protecting farm machinery. FEDERAL SPECIFICATION WW.p.325 For Pipe, Bead* and Traps, LEAD Part $ of Section IV of the Federal Standards Stock Catalog, official publication by the Govern ment Printing Office. LEAD EQUIPMENT USED IN INDUSTRY By F. E. Wormier, Secretary of Lead la* dust net Ataoeiatioo A summary of the uses of lead in the production and handling of corrosive chemical*. Reprinted from ''Metal Progresj" to be included in the next edition of American Society for Metols Handbook. SUMMARY OF NOTES ON LEAD ROOFING A brief description of the u-es of IcaJ for roofing and fta*bing purpose* and the proper practices of its application. Reprinted from Sheet Metal Worker. NEW LEAD COATING PROCESS ELIMINATES USE OF ZINC ALLOYS By W. Yookmaa, Engineer, Western Eleetrie Co. A description of a successful hot dip lead ervatiac process with complete instructions for changing over from hot dtp galvanizing using the same equipment. Reprinted from Product Engineering, .May. 1944. COMMERCIAL STANDARDS: Calking Lead, CS9441 Lead Pipe, CS-95-41 Lead Traps and Benda, CS96-4J Official publications by tbe Government Printing Of fice of the above Commercial Standards a promul gated by tbe U. S. Department of Commerce through the National Bureau of Standards, effective June 25, 1941. LEAD COATINGS ON STEEL By Harold A. Knight, Newa Editor, Metals and Alloys A thorough discussion of hot dip and electroplateJ coatings on steel sheet, wire and fabricated prod ucts including tbe technique of application, thick ness of coatings, uses and advantages. Reprinted from tbe November, 1944 i*sue of Metals and Alloys, LEAD X-RAY SHIELDING Graphic chart based on recomrneadations of the International Commission on X-Ray and Radium Protection giving thicknesses of lead for respective voltage* in millimeters, inches and pounds per square foot. Above. a dip stick oil gape with oil test strip attached. Belou . examples of used and unused lead-plated corrosion test strips, i'sed strip at lell indicates currusii cness sufficient to he damaging to hearings. current densities are known and be cause these rates are dependable uni form. Because such minute differences are so plainly evident the lead plated test strip provides a serviceable test which can be used in the field where laboratory service is not readilv avail able. CTON REQCEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE. T THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION Di THE SOLUTION" OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS 1SI PRINTED IN U. S. A. V PUBLISHERS PRINTING <"OMPAW NEW YORK CITY LI A 25874