Document qaB0dq4VVY6KOoXqby4weO68j

T ssw 8UICS ANO KECULATIONS rf 710# xvtt--occumTK4AL saftht WO HCAL.IM ACMIWrtTRATIOW. OCnwrmjtr or uaam Ml llft--OCCUMTOKAL SAFETY ployeee from a rare Beer cancw (anclosarcoma) coay bate been occu^tionally related. Ae a rueutt UU* natlBcatlon and after eoneultation ulth KI08B. and a joint locpecQoc of Um B. t. Goodrich plant by OBQA. NlOBH and the Kan- and *I>re--. OfiHA pnnxani u> r-v asm publisnM n# fr ieasei on u* u>. le arm>oy-- from haaarq* _ VC. The proposal i*))o Of employee exposure to VC WO MAITN fTANOAJtOS tucCy Department of Labor, a Pact-find leva] " a* measured tn IW g^omw* to Vinyl Chk>rtb* ing hearing tu announced on Janu d analytical tneutod *m*i*^ i iM to swiinne 11> 6<c>, and Urn OecvaAlonoJ Safety and ary 30. 1974 <30 TR 3874) and held on February 16.1974. Information obtained from thla hoax Art at lUV (M 81*1, 1S93, 1598. ing. particularly the prebmln*jy report* It 01.C. ***. 881 > Secretary of of ezperliaenU conducted by Prof--or [ 4ii 1 Ordif No- 15-71 >38 ri* 8754) Cesare Maltonl of the Inetituta dl On- . -i :v cy* pan lilt. I 1910 93 of Part colocla. Bologna. Italy, demooatratod 31 el rule 29. Cod* of Frderni Regu- that rlnyl chloride Induced angtoaarooma TM tMrver asMM in UM manner * b eelow, tn order to provide an >' gaiety and Health stand- tn rat* it level* a* low a* 350 ppm, and In other pedo* at higher level*. Kxperlmenu perform8B at lower levuti of a- >> : .i*itng art lit the exposure of eatt rwt to rm/1 chloride. w*^o*A--<1> Vinyl chloride, w-.ri t-Merlte leftkwwettene), Chemical vaira-ie fcnM Registry No. 75014. la a arvaota chemical made fitsn ^hb at acetylene and chlorine by any .-wu proeewm It is tte parent poeuxe wen not completed at that time. Otter testimony from medical wll end NIOSH, end the result* of led to tte oooctsalan that the woetare had anglooarooma of tte and that VC probably wa* tte agent tn tte andomreoma* IB po*t bearing oomneenta. c -.--.ind of a' eerie# at thermoplastic r. inA/mmtt and fogolytoftrs which ..r* atony wad for containers. wrapping j.< *;rtrteal Insulation. pip*, aondtot. i variety ot outer tnduauial and - !. i*nxt products Vinyl chlorldo baa i*tm 4p Oranmarctally tn ibla country :I9. and present production la la MiaM of a*ai nut--- ptr yonr. rtw etnr| chtarids Industry divides Into Mfototi: monomer production. - i.cwf production.- and fabrieattoiL r.:xnj, uon of tte nwtosnsr 1* a v. oUauoua procaw. involving only * :r "rat* There are comparaUveiy few rcni'-L-rroa tn Uifc segment of the todog- i.-r uiatue the procs--a land tteMv #irw u* autootatton '> vutyl (Monde <VC> la used primarily tn ia production afpolyvloyl chloride > rv< '>. a reaio ottieh produced through hatch pror swing Tho oonearalon of the c oawor into a polymer or cdpolymer Jr4n lure-- lets piureaa. lay riot all of U munesnsr Is Tiscted. - ipgloearooina death* wttte anang worlcer* who had bam mpoaetitb VC In planu operatad tv XTMoo CBrblda Corporation, glmtou* Please* tlcn and Goodyear Tlrw h pany.' On tte basis of all Information *v*H- ahto at that time, and tte fact that amptag-- were batag azpoead at levele around tte exportnveitaHy obaeivad af fect level of 3M ppm. an eimerg--iy temporary standard (ET8) was promul gated on April 5, 1974 (39 PS 12941) pursuant to sectioi 8(c) of tte Act, as 39 ent 1910.93q. This standard reduced the permissible exposure level from a celling of 500 ppm . to a 50 ppm celling, and established otter VequlmnenU, Inrlurilng. for example, monitoring end mepiratoir ptuCactton. It was expressly reoognlmd that this standard Uniting exposures to a S4 ppm calling was a tentative. Interim standard, and that tte whole question of expusurw rve la fabricated by * eartety of tech nic--. including oetnMan. injection and calendering, to form a finurwii pmdwt Uut oaada no farther chemical ha/Ktllng. Th* vaat majority to VC would bo (TTuliVrert more full^ In tte light of additional Information, especially the result* of apartments which were known to be imdamy at that time. HI with an accuracy of ; pt V. The propoaal also cai- llahmeru of regulated arv to such areas to A i _ with _________ _ eontrois to be limilainiii --x the detectable lto protection would ha mgtosertng and wc being tmplsniani tte pi * 1971 a unties 8f tei (22 m 11212), Mitt of Jute 29. 1274. T 12. and again from July 11. before AdwtintefuC J. My^tt. ab puitt tte opporttmlty t^pi ad to of w.uknaw invaried tn the VC tsdtwtry On April is. 1974. information and data until are eoiMoyad by fabrication firm*. Bueh were presented to reoceseitfltives of i additional pewtteartag on n^Mw ranee in air frmn thoae with few OfiHA. N106H, and the ttiviranmental various lt--s of toll mi^rraae and maple equipment to large Protecttmi Agency by the Industrial Bio- : were requested during t wai'i tn Wring way employees and Test Laboratories. Northbrook. UltnoU. i.-of wimemea. .*i-HVrinw capital eoocernmg results of animal exposure and technical tmp< vt . I.c n.irc c vr a (m at amtoent studies with VC. These studies were tte hearing, OSSA deb \+n imi.rt am] pr eagre. U a etUotl- sponsored by the Manufacturing Chem facts would -atr-: t.T-tv-e*ta.(. ahirh heretofore baa ists Association. Although only pre the practicality *e*rilri] a* f.eviog moderate lfeor liminary in nature at that time, th-- of tte proposed* ftac , i to u\Kh*j naadard. eootalnod results revealed that 3 out of 200 mice i. t(* v4 uf tainvi. wtobiutied a exposed to VC concentrations of 10 ppm r.'D6BA contacted an! eeosultant. Foster D. fie ' al- cf vvi nan* ot VC per mil- for 7 hour* a day, five day* * week, fay to conduct studies of t .re- t^/4* rf *4* approximately 7 months, had developed of oompUanoe at varies * r%^ fdt y fi^n4< angiosarcoma of tte liver. lereix. tnciudim those ptepm i raniaary 12 JB1 ute Occupa- (3) 77U proposed permoaeaf stand ' nefrtr aj-1 IWaJlh AdmlMmra- ard Based an tte demonstrated rrideoee and other* advanced by Dtegmeo. ancD wiua- m lnlurewO by the Na- of V(T carcinogenicity in three Ip collect information tr.-ar I'tfUtui* /Of OneeaMtionaJ Safety spades (rate, mice and hamstm), and of Ueajut .aiaaott that the a. 7. tte substantial protebfitty time VC had _ ____ __>ed e* OwhI/x h (.'hefnioal Ompany had ra* jgnt tn tte --p cf ttveg and Judge Hyatt fteti -ovai iht Ooath* of *e*eral of he na- found to ' l--ord -voqid bw ta EXHIBIT-D V04. >*, MO. If V. 4, i vr* UCC 079907 wi(*m *. UU tnr 'V**v * Am*.*, > 3 rii*:wuii; U> MB- kwia U.toxa M*JULI Ui uii 'uih til etyi#urr :jcr. 4 caaac^oua rinit li. (NUIU <V' Uv MVt7 On UfW ba* OaoMStamiad 4 Joe* daparutoiil ra- must b drtcmunad. Tba Surtaor. Ocn- ;e l *1* (4UiA MtnAIOM* Ul*l MM p*V- lammaltlit tor tadkaUao nf monri tl * . aral i Ad Hoe CammKioe ralarrad U> ,i:uui*n ttuUT *u r%liybM end UWk mtr utmur* occur at hlthm ntxmtrr aN.rr f tn-lotted mat lale cxpoaute ieveU rawrUOM- Ware k> 6a nMlikM a* Mil Verne >. lrwJtxDne 1 iflr-- n .ii to Uw Ua carcmocmlc atiMianoaa cannot be than Awtaanbv t. 1974 (94 f* MM44). On HapfcUxr 11 1*74. OCHA tavtead romoMaitt nn both Uw pranmlnarr tad vfv* f*nai i'u!t wrnr:- via u> Or racal*ad * D i9"4 I IS Vtv Unv. in rata. Th* n ~l|iilrni at In* dusarui BUo-Ttot Laboratories M*t danv- amtratad a similar rManwnahlr Tv biitti rata kiitl mica. Thaae tnmUxatori har* uvJuoed nrli w 11 mna of ta# Uvtr mltaiudcallj datannined. Tbla pgnum la aupportad to Um taadmonr ot 1VIQSH at the heart rut. Ita raounmieodatlooa for a atandard of no dataetable level, and by th toetlmonr ot expert itreater, irnm *J:>09 in rata and mica at exposure ostoantra- the National Canear'lnaotute I' fitrtrr-avu'-KXai H*0iK-( ffOCeaired. u<r*i* of M ppm. and in hamster* at hith Beeeral wimware and penoni a bo lub- 4 iuuv <*t Laiank to file en ftponB- er oauitnuani to exposure. addlOonai mjtted comnvanta ban tacen a contrary tel impact newmant *MdB| tit* im turnon tnramai (*4ar anui tocludtat rlaw and ban ucfaatad that man la lea* pact a< a pnmoaa: peixvaal axpoanre to VC to Um Fmaaai. Rum od April 94. 1974 I* HI 14493) Tlto D94kw tOTHad Um ttdnaya. tunes, and tola to lip naert arUmaM. eere alao atwrito to fragoanaim mnah m aaeam ad coctrol animal* The tncatonna at tanoti to tale* to Um MMlttre to btoloclo aberration* lzutacad by vtoTt chloride expoeur* than sxparl* mental anlmala Prepooanta of tbla pcm* tkm ban arxuad that if bmnana we aa any pweoa baetnt tniurmatlaa or (Vito 00 Um UTTtwMBiil taspMt to It to OOA hr Mar it. UV4. On MM IX 1974. dnA miiaimiiet topaat TndiMtml nkn M mlu (10* miMi. 1M famaJsa) M gem at vinyl attends hr 1* mnafttn aa rodonta. an 'eptdamfe" to mnrm reaultta* from VC npomm ehould ban already baao dMoonred aaonc empttoaa*. Thar alao arrM that to* amplaraae to whom toaaoa ban baan to all Tbo t obaaxnd are thaae wtm 1 foreardad to OMOtol Quality (GtoQ). Tim nerrm rleanan Tlenai-- ft li __ a mates of tto Ibc at armSy anad toad reactor atoanto*" to* um fit Hiirnn toved hl|h npaune to vtnyt ehteUa ot m tmti. a 4 m towed for Um Um dnft irC to* in yean paet tt la armad toad tht lower n a* 1111 toin iim level* currentty found to to* ( pans ban not laduoad ouaaar add are MM Wtth 4 fan aafa. Vs redaot tola arvumtoX to tba ifto Tba fact that "r,"?<'"`kT toraa- Ad-tow to lav guartare to thnaa- mnptoy alto the kacect axpoaoiv to VC fir**In1 than m yuan daoa hiutol axpoaurto toaauot yto beaBhwalad. otafeaa tttopoaBU* to actato numbar to iflhotod X ir>4 <t T* Tbaeatitolttor tomcwob- a ftt* nan I. 1974. M toTCto ,,_ lt to pii ninjas M* idtthm. Umi tmajjTlaait aaaaa to aaitoMuattoa to aarrad to data have 'to anno* Mmar patted, totes initial exposure, to approxl* mataty to yean. IT ft te amnnad that todoetlao to utteaaieonia te a don le latod phnrwnurion. and if enuilnyisi m- itoVC. (7) Ttm record. Um pracaadta* h ocm to Um *nr ndted town hr OBB. pn nd pnto fimrtod ad hath VG ; anr to > tactto to tola MDoar tor to hoahtat). poomn to to* aAlBMMI --4 r*rii.Thjl land to rtaantnt teacton did, to fact, raoetn larsto doaas to vtsyt rblteidaTt votod b* axzMcted that nmh toman mold b* ohaamd aarhar for tfate am* pteyee popqlmttm. Far tbla raaaou, tha" MfwHWikce to preauaMd lover dost* naimot b* aoountaly aawmed UDtO almgdr parted to t2me has paaaad. aa a loactv toduettoc petted would ba to tba bun hrrttad to ban mad* ttra raaord arahiatod to toa UmMaatfarto n. nmtom to and /mtodlKf U) Cto- to onto dUerWa. Tba ear* to rlaTl ehtortoa lor toraa to- to* toad VC M1 to Dr. IM2). that TO Um Unr, and to to to* to acnrinyaai to VC maal ha Addlttcnalt i to tumor induction to a vatlato to m ortana, lnehtolnf luac Udnaj. hr and atm. aa van aa aocb aa fl- tnrt tod and to Tinrl ehloiida. to aatabhtotod (Am toUmorr ud to ao-Ttot 1. upon aodtof toad to 7tny> nTljortda ThlUaUnn to exposure to chemical caitdDotoas md tadcrtton to canear are not aareaairOy yDCttraaoui aetota. BacaoB* to Um phytoolofte oomptailttoa tontnd wtth daretaocsnato, todaoBon to tomon doaa net oocor m all wnptoyeea with Mmftar exposer* htetcrtea For axampls. Dr. Scbnddennaa to the Ihtkmal Caoeac Xsstftata wnphaatesd dnrUK bla taatlmaciy that only about a fifth to looter-term heavy onokcrv develop lone cancer. Anoordincty. tba Industry oontenttop that exposure level* ban beam dramattcaJly reduced ftnoa tba 1440'* la not reliable evidence that cur rent levels to exposure an safe. Scene lndtU7 ipotaam* alao sue* teatad that tba apparent nmrandom distribution to observed cancer in wn- pioyaae may tadTata an exposure Uuea- boid for tumor taductlce. baaed am vsrta- ttema In tba vortpUc* dodtu pn- ttes and raauttant employ** VOL 99, MO. 194--toOAT, IIHItoB 4, 1974 *' .'Ll -*>'* ^ , UCC 079908 t/eu.wrv. err Teaneeo r'-iT7-."v'*-> lw Jt ^ Also 0#eo Am- -**.)*! it-a - ip. "rut l of potyuvertm- ijn ator.w. ^rr* effiSKrrw* have ba u> 'C I f OTOTV LOU 30 **# f.*e* *os tmaunam developed anslneor- .ma of Ux u*er TStu tmncBl to * * in iftai rvisrd concerning vert- T f 7^**. rr^crit exposure. Al* _ i.-.: worrirrActice dlf- t g i+aumoa? ^ tic tar. rvw-jJt, And mosa do lo our new. tte dAUkOMtrmuau cd eaa. <i> Cmefamww#. Tte QoncJvMvM br< car irkjtxruoc in biunnat tl a particular krr at# baaed on a t/xirouch renew and teel ia oot a preraqtdaUa to a damrobm- naluaitte of all tte mdenat anbnaitel Uoa ttet a --*-*--*- recvManu a oaf- Where rtadtewto own ba baaad mi raaord ear baaard for hnmAni at ttet tote. B andaoM. Uito tea teaa dona. Wbara, ooold be tmpmdcnt to >a#maa man It hoaimm1. faetiad eartaintea ara mcktay be lea# Msaltin to VC erpmure than ax- or wtere tte facta Alena te oot pronde pertnwntal anunalt in tbe Ateeoce of an aoraer, potey fudymecu tet* been it * demonstrated oonduaire mdoice. It would alao ba ub- made. ._ -i r* n-w tr. SiV.riduUcn of angiaaar- founded tn aanune that --*-> will act Tber* to Utile dispute thnt vc to car. :aSe)i u-JormaUnn is ranll- develop tumor* when eapuecd at mdcq* cteocenlc to mo and we #o nondude tr* u rtciud* Iran rmiUlfTtfMi of U-atloot of VC of !m than SO ppm. Jbfiw, tte prociea tote of eapoecr* -'. t *tww najkmx* w workplaces foe Should a maetenUy ton* number of x- tehleh pooot a beaard and tte oimatton *:.i b of sr.ipomreom* bare not portmental animals be expoeed to VC at of vtetter a tetfa" ospoaure tote axial*, concentration* at tom than M ppm. eaooot bo deOnftltey answartid on the " rjj *o >on *ugie*ted that the Schoelderman said that it would be eat. reaord. Nor to u dear to wtet extent uX raucer in a popeiaUma of US peeted that some would develop VC tn. expeeuras can be feasgity oadaoad. We :.* ihmieU Company patymarisetton daeadtomon. omumt watt ualO todtopotahle Answer* ~niorwx -tcruuirvo ovw a period at 7 (3) rtmnmOtv. There to vtrtnally cm to thraa gusartope era >>aflahto. bacamm f,n. mowUM ihsi rxpoeure to vtntf dispute that moot. If not all. fabricator* S*m of amnlmpMO are at eta re Then to-a-hM al ewnrecilrsUote of MM than ar* currently capable of teacUay ex- Sore, wa bava had to eratem our beet ,ac jam w *afc itww study try Of- Oaolt. poaure totes of I ppm through engtneei- Jadgemnf on the bails at the bast avail, .ui-ntiUd O* U fxarln* by Dow Own- tog nootrola These mnployen empley--Vhl* evidence. Tliaae Judgment* bam ra bj ranumar > However. the grotto M* wed over M percent of all omflkiyem ex.^m^nd a faatoaoinc proorae. to which Che v*yd art t*H In0(1X1# #a tw WfcO poaed to VC. Indeed, several tabrtoatorajtesgrtdlng nntelrtorsWrei tea bam tte r<*>! bran (inert, and tte oaloalTtg em- at* already operntfitr at this least (see^psaieotloB id saeptoswas. seem Item who lAirese I(VtwWd many who ted tte OFt teetenocy). to, to wrm (o?vr 30 jean) eapasurea. epoteainen base miionflr that m.mw. tfi# statistically IndgntIVact ttto tnfeaatole for the VC and tte WC UM <g Ite JMBpM POPUMflOO SKnMS Industries to imnato below l vpt oan- Uv [ --ef that turnon would te ststoetty. using englneartog coDtroto..Zn addition, the Snell study on technical now Ate presented prtUailnarr data feadEbdlty oanduded that a 1 ppm caO- ^tem ttet wtoghtsil arwtea OVD. tn wtemy tl Ite beating on Um pas tog to not feasible for tte VC and PVC ,,fte beOrat ttet jpVC and VC - til* a****# pathway* or vc. Th* hirtimnlas with present technology, bat i wAtol hi pattern (f fwd wee that vc may ttet tte VC Industry could omimtty at oal m ewrcmcgonle effect by metih tain lower exposure totes than ttm FVC una. tad that the mecabatte to pro todnstry. Inbox union spohasmen and tte 4 o to tet duced only when VC l# narteboflrad by a Baaith Beaeanh Oroup. hoc., however, i'lh addKton to tte TWA have sutveetod ttet such a tote to at :te ham sstahhdmrt a * pp wteo eeaymra regulating tte ptl* tainable. {averaged ever a lA-mtnuta ) pathway r* aatarated. aa would Sine* thoe fa no actual evidence that ordwr to prevent sauxiaurs of t Higher onxMiiM. Tte any of tte VC or FVC manufacturers to ansoeigifabU high Dltaiaary data indicated tte pate* have already attained a 1 ppm level or to an operation standpoint, thto rqfltof of aa adrtteooal pathway tor fact taetttatod aQ avaflable englmorlng level to roahstlc bacauas miner accur LdrvciantiMteMtftoflotr* mid work praettoe oooteols. any mthnato ate up to the oeCtng tsvai are Ukoty to dycanoam oftM ppm. aa to tte lowest feasible level attainable Tamo r nacte' lUVUfl fUQQmV Jwf* ,MCL Xfcg jbwl standard--(I) goopeted tea at VC of M POM te ar VC latte it ate bt iietilrt it lowor exposure aooemtea- . the projeettooe of todm- try.1 bfihy aa Ffcmtooohmonnostod.lt to net poatobto tn aneurately prwdtot tte degree of Bath tte XXB and tte pnoould apply tte standard to tte VC toduatry. fawiteftiig of VC and FVC u*te m tteM speetoa. Although ttte rwa may ba Usfi) to tte ttomte mSi rlain-- ef. tte tarmncgenletty ef vc h Mooam thod n do aatyotote rttewa vawt oan ate tu itafilim ten of ati miwn iTWittotteia far uh*a or *e UmU mxb MfO 0*e*'*a rite A rutOUMT of yitnca I HM MIlfllH -Xi.4un n#** iUcl itel umn a no r*cvw r ,j Murar rtUM* ta * ruann tej iniaik. at -.... -nir*u.i* of VC i#M Ihaa M ppoo. tAumorr of ftroman#. TOP- --. Ct>urte> Tte eaneiamcoof ttea# `-Mu ute ns tecAtter can be ..-wertua# rte of aw#E< to VC * --uif uiora ima tern M sen. '-ater nand. um uatuaooy of '--* Mtrt xumnm uxjudte te ta* 'WrMMlkat Atperia rtafad ttet (MuiWita td aaf# napowore eou^MUaitoa to tte ptertMe Rb tte pna- to be obtained tram msmtfl such etenam are Weagrmthat tteFVCaad VCeetabItohrmeito wfl act ba able to attaln-a I ppm TWA level for aS Job ct>ait(1r.ertoni to tte near future. We do believe, how ever. that they win, to'time, be Able to Attain levels at 1 ppm TWA fcr moot Job daseUIcBUons most at the time, lb to ap parent that raeehtog such levels may reotort some new teebnntocy and work practoem. It may also be neameary to uUUxe techno10C7 prusenOj med to other Industries. In any event, the VC and PVC todmlilm have already mate great ttrldm in raduetog exposure levels. (Bee tostlmonr of Dow Chemical Co. TK P73). For example. . 7 Ooodrtoh tasthtod (TR 1139) ttet It ba# reduced average expoaurs levels tn aswil FVC planti bopi - ppm seetr this yaar to 13-13 Ittonb no dt ttet a standard to UK. tte and polymer tte Soetoty of Flaa- (SPI) and various faftoea- tan (sso tastlmoay of Oandrmr. Oai- al Cable, ate.) leuiei--xled that tabrfcaturs ba --tram tte stand ard. or . that a separata raoun-ammt be oslabltoharl for them beeaoaa many-of thmi won already at or below tte pro posed viw-i level. . Tte raoordT gvidonoe establlahae that At Jeaat some amptoyem tn tte fAbricattog Indmtry are nrpi unil tn eweosa of tte permissible control limit* (Bm NZOfiB toertiiiisij. TB 106; Boblntanh TR M3>. In those fin1 nni#m iii m. we beftom Oaat :t to bnpradwit to prant a hlsnlwr emenp- tom for aS fabricators. Therefor*, tbs i to aitetnabto to tte fahri- ^ KbnUflc ppm U tte ttms of tte tearing. W# are vol m, no. 11 > ranAT. . * i UCC 079909 'id twtTW*r iBiliuln* ! m fart. Mt -- " (.- li n iwn U itt IQ be suh>eri*1 M I*X minimal tomtoms to fkrtam at toe *t*tito STmts tooptcrront tn th* r*brVUng I lu*irr hrc espiMuros MVwrwtitna Ihtitastbfe* IlmH the- ii! vxtrviiriaM' N- wWffl to Uw itsrula/d Cmpkinn ftsmllme nr uslrw faWWMUel tvodurt* made of rvc w*ee not lariuded in Um CTB or um piuutwi and arm ewntuded frosn Um final standard, This ts heaed on tha atwanes of ad sruate vnOraoe of expewura to TC In Umi operaunna The final atemdaid omnflM the * enpUm to Maing a tahnoated pawduct aa a pnduol maha wholly m partly from FTC whtoh dloaa not requae funbar fUlfi XrK.^AIiON, 33S93 k--rniMmur- to l*v. ' . * i u. t- iasliwt lirilii ato* Liiiu a i.(Aenku, lie r* oI UM nu> auu mists n *, UuU UM rf fabrkmied products mount be Halted to nan thoee IUbu wtucfa Min tv* arxjorfo **< idm ha line PqrUt^ tnr ,ieriunit U> ' - ;e\-: uu Turthe; moal- umnc u required unless Uia emptoytr haa reason to suepsoi that any employee to axpoaod hi axoan of tha eotten tore!, or nnlaaa chaagaa hav* bean aaada In producUon. pttkhm. control, typa of min. rtssrwMMUaM UMl sxixwurto art umkrm Um tcurai Wrei. am! U"*. disnonuruw man; duties at Um slanaard. prrrruja* B star* pasiurr control and to Ktoqusls rmlimt <S> Ar-misslbte iraasure Umlt. The standard mta as exposure Umft of 1 pua armrapad orer any hour plod. and a selling at > pans amag ad arsr any parted not m ta rtly unnanuto abom *** hmft to baaed <m an trealnattoB(ff thebato Wiiare Lhe expoaure lerel. wllhoiA reganj to raapiratOTi. rxcaedt the permu- Ubla larala. moxUtorlna muat ba condue. tad at laaat monthly. Whara expocum art laaa than Um parmlmlhla Ionia, but graatar than tha action toad, monltartag mad occur at laaat quartarty. (B> Ifafhoda o/eomoMoaca. Tha stand ard. Ilk# tha proposal, rauiili ea that am- (nunadlataly tnaUtuta feaalbla and work practlea controls To radtaoa amnanraa to at or below tha parmlaattHa cxjxMura Unit. Whan faaoPfla. ngtaecrlm and work pracdoa oanttUs win raduca azpaaom balow tha parmlmlbla lorala, thay moat ba tnatttutad. Whara such oootzola win not rodnoa axpoairaa balow tha parmla- dbla lavaL thay mast naoathalaas ba tm- te rodnoa utpoanrea to tho laaol. and ba tad br tha um of rootraton to tha ninaaaiiry proUctton a nrramrtng program of i tag and wwt paacdoa oantroto autot ba inaotutad to rodnoa amuauiua to tha lew- (CL XxbJbtt* ITL 1M. 1^ tod OSSA fKxTrtbtt lil) tadleate that teeeto to asoaat of 1 be found to tahrleatkm opmattona. Ih Ww of thaw facta mod at the opportunity for maptoyer* to tflanwtttmm many upon a afaowlng of no exiKwuna shore the rction torsi. it doaa not wow that any residue '"I*1" to either Jtud&ad or at thto ttaa This with a *> of industry pro<ct aaoKSPI <T* M5>. among other*, that ojmpotmtad PTC pallet* ba aaempted Iran tho standard on Um grmmda that Um paAeto had too taro a ftoirtne to caan hArmful tt appears that PTC to a tootton that ba by witaMm and __at did im*'h tha _________. tt means Chat tha to leguhsd to taka a to&ctent of Bitowwiuri io that tha rw- nfid. Wa hare a* tscpaml to tetabBih ______ _______ for term*. narrow enough to naara that a deter- mlomtan og iiphf-- n oe *"*dt and to of a rartoty of to at or Umlta. tha program may ba < in addition, a plan for aetdavow' tool by angtnaarlng and work mothods moat ba drawn up and ba i aroUahla, upon roquaat. to rapiaaanfr- atfrea of OCHA and NIOCH. Wa raoognlaa that many cmployan weoiad-by tha standard can not enr- rontly achtoro oampnanea with tha par- mlwlhle tcxMura hzntt aoldy by.UM aaa of feaalbla angtnosrtng and work praetlea cootrola. Tha ^imhu babwoen tha i capabfWtaa of tha VC and FTC industry (T2L SM-M3). i that a schatfuls rf dtffsrait i Umita and cornpllarra dates ba aataMtohod for tha TC and PTC summits of tha tndnatry. nua tMw r~rnrrf that tho ahOtty and tha thna laquliod to feasibly reach tn- i isaaTinlj lower control Igrola la similar within aaeh industry, but differs mark edly between industries. White tho record a*-- suggest ***** such differences do exist between industries, as noted Shore, It to clear that intra-industry differences -i-n exist. Thus. Um ability and time re quired by secfa employer to attain lower ermtrol terete may depend upon such lectori as the !**--** In which tha plant to located, tha age of aquHanent, tha itte of reactors, or tha typa at reatn manu factured or used. (Snail study, Firestone _______ /.ate.) Monitoring data also *-"*** to support such lntra-iadtMuy ranadons. (See. 4. Dow. FtrastosM, Tenoeco.) Aa notad shoes, tha standard regutoea an --iibijsfi to faatohte ta- Qtcrtng oantroto to tha fulteet artmt and to oaittoaa to hnpfuet and apply mtl* 'um. vrx. re, no irs--m*T. 4, ie/4 UCC 079910 fv'rf'tnj 'or.l.'i 4 --i tuU ccpLi4nc< i4 *f . _. h^<r* r >t j-hi>1i1 ear deadlines f.- ',,: i-.^--_ hi.ru- 4 m rough engineering , 4- vois vceuee we are prmenUf unable if**ncjat when it will be fcesIMt for mrt f<-t-h:uhmentj to reduce exposure jo perm t--I hie level. (I Ute annaunmtsi wvei is raxil onotroiled to the parmihiOto expaeure Urnii Uid etsptavem must be afforded renantorr pratection. While upwnw in ijtme of the ptf- entohhte level de constitute a baaard. ft believe that U ts oeoMary to wtlteJi oose of the problems amoctaud wt|b Lrt flbii.iMlwis mt these andLnc* witc VTOflH. line* indicated the! IV to l sLaenvei at mu-uurtlrUm rwnrraxw have fnraided three typea to ah^porllr- tna randralsn m the list to Mesptatde anlte. eutatent to the to eueh pe^eve `-hat ;be rwqulmnent lmplensenUna a program of resptnhwj unirn by KIOSFL The oeonen- ... rauiia>e.* reduce airborne eon* protectior. while employees are betas trailon tm wtuan fweb meptralor may r-t u> Lhe permissible level. or fitted and trained in respirator use. apd br used to based upon oar evahmUsn `..i 'Jwr ...*mv k'.e. .'caelhic os span os while other sdjuruneots which may *>e at the dam ;. sill provide for lnter-lndue- required are impiswiied Therefore, Ooodnch. a taj~ raottU and .r- inJ u.irs-Industry ter honiggles! dif- until January U iffd. vbev eipnsutos ^jaton de not totosatosn .rr: roir which do exist, end will ovoid are not In esosss of i II ppm rtolhjd, w tareakthzmtoh to VC. u e wttL'ix of separate ladustrr stoad- each employer must provide irdj oa Uie pools of Use general situation ployee with an aptwoprUte , conditions tr. each industry. Howsver. employees whose trprmrrm 0o t Rrpelsted ortot. Tb* proposed ant exosed a 2t ppm aeOtnc. may dsrttos stored far >) inrlord would hove required that rego- to w the iwsplrifrir hi which case toe toads a lairvi reos be established. that access be mnyluysr hVwt obfisated to reqntaa/ts tdarermnt to iur.itrd u> outtiorUed employees. and tm. Dwtac this adjastmml parted: am* am item syst : .t (Uiijr rutm or luminaries of those picyees will be trained in thaiwsa. par-', vinyl cfiJototo the r-.isrlrs be kept for attest 20 jeon. In rbtecuoo to that requirements, it was ww/ted (hot uch control of access was net oirvmry from a health standpoint. HrrdexnT. U wee claimed that these con thsbamzdsto mepessrste vtayi ohtortoa - ter tops to wt > in wrlttad If be has been sapiwwl in trols would tnterfwe with operations tar VlwvtoMnummdfJl pmventing access or needed implnyaai or into msgtratory prutoetloerls imj ^wj--h tmn-anployeea. loch as contncton. to lisbt to our Jndtonwf that tmfaUgtorms to true* driven, cuetmners and consultants. groater risks are wtth s^cb*l The purpose at -evtsMishtny rwgnlatod ar*m is the proposal was to fimtt the The to the final teamdird ^hsv aeste risk of exposure to as tew umtoHto-tfHMto txweihie. This concern iretlS: ratory protectfes . and thoe the ttrnnwf accent xea*n *a- to the media. The final standard aiwndf the teuhew to total propoesi xflchUr to allow "antharieed tureens" to enter regulated met This 1 the (Man. It ts felt, will allow operations to eooUnue without. undue. toierfmaeiee. kTbe final sUndard'ha* also tocraased the of ttae dally rostov must tae 'maintained from 20 to to yean- This abengti was based largely an epldemte Cflcei censtdrrattms. thee HXOHH tesQ* types of has been At the bearing: SdvtoC Hyatt an site saBnettonslie* The'proposers toy. tepwvkMi etetbtog leced by the toieetlen te w gannsste suttsd to the torn and probable sstoot to Thus, fall-body slnthtog is net always and Is thaxelore not toonp.tr. lUJ - m KA*vtrttor% profsctJon. 'The final standard, like the prcpoeal^redalm the use of remtratocr where endiloyse npo- . Wei Kw n> hte tew- -where leas meteetton is hweteto tbs kernel mtry falls wKbto Om of ihmnsribsrr a hsMsoropsatten. tbs vassal entry rlreilrtbs ter sstoloo to the prsgioml has beam ddtetod sures exceed the pertoleritale central level. to bte teed- from tbs Heel standard. Industry rto*--nte ftem made a number of ebjeettoae to fr iwctntoT that the *hd detettohU lever* would torsruvety rwguirw conttneoge mem to rwaprraioes la PVC and VC plants, and mm* offflml&r. OmdrichJdTO #.<) Xmsvpsney toudoai. The dstonl- wtth Hyatt's --gitolntw fee e#. tesd- Jlom to wiwuniy has been reseat to toopy to and Hl P. CJbotoicE) mt to-- to ad anrvpenlito mass H ff> We ted ectotaeSy smtttad air- main. uMetobm to the puritybig respfzatorv became- noos had hnervenry slbaeatms to! that thh h ast fmsftale bscanea jotoha* VC. letorlpany became they lacfesd to- dtoaten te dgnel the meptrattoh. to the m of atari ehkelde' basord. and employees would, not nee mrvtes fife to Ihe sorbept. ftdt and t--------------jmmsentoea' Ttoa wee am lima. tote ir**"* to Qw propaeal. The' final w# Muid agree that redihten have nuMir drewbacas; the proposal did not <v*usauUou them as s final scinUfwv. The how that the PVC bsdnetry par* Ur-uia/ij may need several yean before Mant mvircemntai lewis can be rwrtuemi m Uwi rwepiraiori ace neceesarr it jyemtnriHy. Rowwter. we cannot that rwaptratoey protecUon should destrabOtty of totag able to i atr-pmtfying a sorbent mold be stews to ffsodvely stasorto vinyl chloride with an sdegaats mrvltis Ufa. Beosntly. OSHA data frmn tebothr sffeedvmism of jdrt/i tar vteyl eblarlde. These aval- toanderd tes bean clarified to oerreet tbte smblgTfity. It be noted that Qw wxttto operational plan required by te* standard need not be drteloped for Wy cKuiiians above the pennlmfiile j1wama Umii tnd that cocb exranlon* peed not be reported. (10) Siemi and label* The thrust of the Urn end labels seettao is to apprise <m be rweetfred eimptj because H ts inr*w^viuOTia mar xsetdre a^**1*^^ par- tnterfeewi wtui peodocUos. or ewer vwqwtvw nWWvv itoiUnf of m- torr^e and restwictartna of wort prac- aattens were scttonrtwl separately by NI06H and br the B. P. Ooodrich Oompaay and rdiiiTWerl te OQHA In potobeartng oocsaaste. The reeafte indicate that ourtato gmatti avafiahls eanis- employees at the cancer and fire baa* arts, lto <toJerQons hate been rated srttt rated to lufarming anptayvm ^ firs heard. However, t sanber to obJdcOtms were rated at tt* hesrtng end to wirna to--imnets to ihe recto** Unm. We have carafulhr oootodwed all tws nod raitildf stectfvtoy abeutb the etifeukKa. mf lew ateiiTiirlwl that vinyl chloride at relattvsly low ooeom- 4 i-ji JI i VJb is, na i< weir, 4. I>74 ti UCC 079911 UUJ AND IGULA I lOHi Z^e&C 'I *dTar\rw1 ft* me vu '.NaI I .***. iu^I U.*l tj.* Lr>4is i-rtH-'wV. ,va U.r rp-ju; lit* ' ctn^ri nr ctitcrr ar oumuUy Um onli mm ratlater oMuuu^tnc rvcor^p d*uy Mtct' <<tra rmr>trr''4 *r>U that to> wbM> am taeful lot HMdlcal iur*utlUnee WHO at AutbortAcd ptrwxu far 10 fwt itmd. the mwnn i/wuld oontaJn m- <TH 111. lab. K. T Mi-0et > Oome iniund nf SO rnn AddlUontlly, Um m>- itrurUani cri hrwr to deeJ wtrb Hi* auA- fumUf. Um ipeteAc blond IwU __ nloT*r u rrrjuinrt tr m*iwtAi". nMWi ItATMW 'TR '47 > W# h!*T UtAt I hm bernt i-Kamad x miuLniL rmirni for Lf^r JanUot at tc emoioTm'i ttUut^l font* i\f *mmi will TM>t u3'oi quinwoMtt tn mil Uh 1121trr. u< pftyvi - piui 30 yeu-i or 30 jmn, Wf '.*ir Vincent of waipiame riAn in determining (IBM of popnriil wlucnrtipr u longer TIM onfInai nn^ wlUi UTvr rmrtiii nf uwlr nru'utrr** Out ni>Ktrmm (nr amigTuau U> wnranteoai pwaJ cAllod for only 30 yn. wr c^vtitOir tl irnperUre Uvil 4 xxtn tntolrtnf VC uporun. In kVIILjP a1- Utli cinnit bp two i<npinwtj^ in* b*> fully informed. and that hi no 111 Um [wubie mil tneolted In hi* oceupeilm. Ooupted with um uuntng iwUlinnl to thi tundard. w* baiter* UuU the Ucxm terDAtlm ifminAikww i^y b wttora Um wiAininlnr ptMcmn da ta food cAtM Um latency parted for tndtMOoo of nilmarcoma noii up to 30 yean Cram . Tbarafara. m a rooard* murt b* tod label* required trill adequately in UbMd far at Maa tba! kacp.Jt iboold W form mplorra at the hamrd. add}- noted mat ipotmnMn for twth labor and tiwi. imin dcm will nn unaathorteed Induatry raeammendod Utat thii ebanyv parmunel to teen ant <rf peculated tmt be TTm proper mpilgoUon of mnel proteeUrt mMium reqclim an amount of The rapordne requmotente are sot jtjrtiAMjitiy different Cram tri*-- in Um training end tridoclrtnAttoo of ten piny-- oriental iwnpneal. Howwrar. inatead at that *y omCj bo cui*v4 op a tttn Um rauuuaPMBd Cor reporUnc htrirtawm or 1am Alan. the vartety of which remit m the raleaee of VC hilo that oonld bo pruetrlbed would rmult la be ezpoeed. on onwieldly or end- Canmqvnntty. the inquired Um final ataadard clartfim opt intent by teatiny that only And tebala will not 0* prmanttnn*. Car flffne a dteaflad. written 4c. TIM addflkm of tnCormaUan by um emptartr would be within If dnya haa beep detered. It: permitted. prcrrldin* it dam not M boura, M an ttdttal nport the* In Mar way from ttm raqtdrad oiudmfaetei TIM raqotrooMDt ta the prnpt--1 Car be mtolimt Bowwrar. tf the y of rtnyl dakalda haa r..[ by rtatettny the tn the pooritte haaard at tinHot S- wimtttn. tt mo* dinted the ppf that ***** biarf t astral and that the fire and nfcto hamnia a* praamt an tba lAfaoSnc or pltp. that Ia tn eoopBaaoe with the XJM. parttneht at_____ s- m an Part in. ampait m if tmetM MOtffttl n. ><o tn mioat, ocream 4. turn UCC 079912 AT* ftrs upporui--ru UJ : detii lO -j cnxrwjix, *ni vimio rTMu! . thcmeeltto tad tfaair enrptoreee with the tn an employee expoeare to n of tbr rtWUtv* of Ui new leuuiicmcsta, *N penctefWe cii*ure bmlt effective date of the amendment to <8> "OHSLA A-ee Director" mean* th I lltO Wo wtU be January 1.19*73. Topiu- Director for ffw OeeupattooeJ Swauwftgtyy rtii protaedon for mpkwwm and Health Artoilntotretten Odfee until ih* data, the pruttoon* convQf having jmtofletion wear tha remained tn I 1910 Wo ere hereby area to which get miployer'* eetablHh- prrmiUgated. purroant to eectioa (fa). tnent n located. :> w) no of the Occupational Safety rB> "Polyvinyl chloride" meane potv- *.-*1 Health Act. at to occupational rlnyl chloride bomopolymer or copoly ufr'.T tad health tiandard effective mer before me* b contorted to a fabri 11*74. the MWfflrtBiant to cated product 1 isicwa art Ait below win rapamda (10) "Vinyl chloride* means ttnyl Urr-n proewoo* M at lUBUT 1, 19TB. chloride monomer. ArrocdtollJ. upon rontidoatioa of the (c> Permtirfbfe expoeare Hmft. Cl) No .in record at tide preceding. Part 1910 employee may be mm wed to ttnyl <hlo- ,'t Title It Code of Federal Regulation* ride at ajpcentrattone (raater than 1 ppm i wnrnded. effective January 1. 11TB. to averaged n any 9-hoar period, and rrruion of I 1910 95q to read a* foDowi: (2)-No wnptoyee say be awed to | Vfceyl Aiwrtdw. tiny! eldotida at eoncentratione gzaater than S ppewatwraged ovgr may period not ii drape sad application. (1) This eipwadteg IB wan meiwde* reqalrwoent* far the ( Ho mnptayee they be exzmaed to control of employee expoeura to ttnyl Ttnyl ohkxlde by direct nuntoct gttit efiiorvl# (chtoroeihaoe). Chaoik.al Ab- Ildtod ttnyl tiiferlda. iinrti Samoa Ragtotry 9a 75019. fd) Mcmmartm. (l) A prwtorn of <I) Thfc metiem appfaa* to flag roann- Initial fartatw. raactton, packaging, recackag- tng. etarapa. handling or taw of vinyl titlertdi or puLytluyl cfalorlda, M dog net nasty to tha handling or ua of tobri- cakti product* made of puljriuyt rtde. <i Thk action t^haa to porutioc of ttnyl ehlorkla nr pgpterl chloride earns* id the ertant m ttto OnarOMDl of Tramportotico "mag. TwnJatg tha hoard* ootered bf tftfc 4t& tten. - - . <fa> OeOalHoa*. (1) 'Aetica toteT nceene a eonoaaoraticn of vinyl chlortda of 93 ppm aiwaged over aa 9-boor day r;> "Agatetent Amuaant Secretary at labor far1 tioBai Safety and Health. CH. Raent of Labor, or bh rrv* m.-wurir >. r^.-arra; c r>i1 - t- 1 Hfmlaiea *r*n m a r^f<!iatw' uw OlhJI or !WUblL'.:m . `T Vinyl ehk.ddr <xc wm-tinn . mm*, k smoulaetured, rMcved tepactagu. etorad. bandied or ami. and Ml' Vinyl chloride crmrwttr*rvBl Oi rteem Ue rTnr.t.-.-::it* ttmH 'I1 Arrc*. ui ^ Bmited to authonred ,^,-wirji a oaUy ahafl be made of authortied p<-i - who miter (f) JfetAod* at compliant* tonployee to tiny! chiorkla wmjj tie me- to it or below tha r-"*1*--**nj ex- timrt proetdad to paragnoh `.a of Able Mctkm tv eogSaaartDC work prac- daa. mid pwaonal potactit* controt* aa foDowa: (XI FeatiMa (togTnaeitiig and' wort tima toupartlgtaly be reduce egponrrm to at or below aa. hot not Ikaltod to. aqttip*ni raJior*, or oparatien of a reltof datw which U Okwiy to, or doaa remit In wala rebaaa of ttnyl '* 'fthheated produat** mfran* a -'"ll mode wholly or partly from ; rhlmtde. acto dom not rn/wm furthar i n~r iii11| n tmnperautrm. and fm umaa. raSdant to matting of the poOttoyl cbtetd* **"urw m *m reteaae of ttnyl chiorlda lUaardooe opartiUon* mean any Koii*. prrt ecura, or actittty where a a** (e eilhat ttnyl chloilda Qoald or a oiwht he npaeted aa a at maaittartng and tiiall facta an aeeancy (with a eemfldanca total of 96 pereaaft) of not torn than ptm or aUnta M from 0 JB thauugh Od ppsn. plua or SB peiudit frmn over an ppm lh ppm. and pta* or mmoa 0 over US ppm. (Method* aeouaci renatremarta -are gtaSabia to of Analytical (9) or their daaignaiad i titan be afforded; foragd at tout quarterly M the b of tttyl chloride and the jrapaee,: aee.* and ef f2T HmtAigtura *baa ha nlactod from jointly awimad by tba tod Safety Adatinof the and tiM^Natiimal hwtituta tor Safety and Health mntor tha pro<f 90 cant pmt u. <1> A rmpfiktoey pmttottm progm meeting ttm mrtiretoecl* <* i indJM faaff to neteTJMiif and mcbBtidfaed. ffl'Satoea^ of raeptreame Jar ttopl to we follow*: VOL Iff WOT. OCKbH 4, IfTg UCC 079913  1910.1017 CM Ch. XVII (7-1-46 Edition (10) The number of employees In tions. not less often than annually, fol each regulated area, during normal op lowing the preassignment examine erations including maintenance activi tion. ties: and (ill) In all physical examinations, the (iv> The manner in which N-NItroso- examining physician shall consider dimethylamine is present in each regu whether there exist conditions of in lated area; e.g. whether it Is manufac creased risk, including reduced im tured. processed, used, repackaged, re munological competence, those under leased. stored, or otherwise handled. going treatment with steroids or cyto (2) Incidents. Incidents which result toxic agents, pregnancy and cigarette in the release of N-Nitroeodlmethyl- smoking. amine into any area where employees (2) Records, (l) Employers of em may be potentially exposed shall be ployees examined pursuant to this reported in accordance with this para paragraph shall cause to be main graph. tained complete and accurate records (1) A report of the occurrence of the of all such medical examinations. Incident and the facts obtainable at Records shall be maintained for the that time Including a report on any duration of the employee's employ medical treatment of affected employ ment. Upon termination of an employ ees shall be made within 24 hours to ee's employment, including retirement the nearest OSHA Area Director. or death, or in the event that the em (ill A written report shall be filed ployer ceases business without a suc with the nearest OSHA Area Director cessor, records, or notarized tru within 15 calendar days thereafter and copies thereof, shall be forwarded by shall Include: registered mail to the Director. (a) A specification of the amount of (ill Records required by thta para material released, the amount of time graph shall be provided upon request involved, and an explanation of the to employees, designated representa procedure used in determining this tives. and the Assistant Secretary in figure; accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20 (a>- (b) A description of the area in (e) and (gWI). These records shall also volved, and the extent of known and be provided upon request to the Direc possible employee exposure and area tor. contamination: and (ill) Any physician who conducts a (c) A report of any medical treat medical examination required by this ment of affected employees, and any paragraph shall furnish to th em medical surveillance program imple ployer a statement of the employee's mented: and suitability for employment in the spe (d) An analysis of the circumstances cific exposure. of the incident, and measures taken or to be taken, with specific completion dates, to avoid further <" releases. (g) Medical surveillance. At no cost to the employee, a program of medical surveillance shall be established and implemented for employees considered (Approved by the Office of Management' and Budget under control number 131Sooen (38 FR 33502. June 27. 1874. Redmignaced at 40 FR 33073. May 38. 1875. and amended at 41 FR 35154. Aug. 20. 1875; 43 FR 48751. Oct. 34. 1878: 45 FR 35282. May 33. 1880: 48 for assignment to enter regulated FR 18285. Apr. 30. 1984] areas, and for authorized employees. (1) Examinations. (1) Before an em 11910.1017 Vinyl chloride. ployee is assigned to enter a regulated (a) Scope and application. (1) Thla area, a preassignment physical exami section Includes requirements for the nation by a physician shall be provid control of employee exposure to vw* ed. The examination shall Include the chloride (chloroethene). Chemical Ab personal history of the employee, stract* Service Registry No. 75014. family and occupational background, (2) This section spplies to th# ma** including genetic and environmental facture. reaction, packaging, repaasaa* factors. lug. storage, handling or use of w (il) Authorized employees shall be chloride or polyvinyl chloride. provided periodic physical examina does not apply to the handling or Occwpali****1 Safety and HaaHh Admin., Labor 5 1910.1017 of fabricated product* made of polyvi nyl chloride. (3) This section applies to the trans portation of vinyl chloride or polyvi nyl chloride except to the extent that the Department of Transportation may regulate the hazards covered by this section. (0) Definitions. (1) "Action level" means a concentration of vinyl chlo ride of 0.5 ppm averaged over an 8- hour work day. (2) "Assistant Secretary" means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occu pational Safety and Health. De partment of Labor, or his designee. (3) "Authorized person" means any person specifically authorized by the employer whose duties require him to enter a regulated area or any person entering such an area as a designated representative of employees for the purpose of exercising an opportunity to observe monitoring and measuring procedures. (4) "Director" means the Director. National institute for Occupational Safety and Health. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, or his designee. (5) "Emergency" means any occur rence such as. but not limited to, equipment failure, or operation of a relief device which is likely to. or does, result in massive release of vinyl chlo ride. (8) "Fabricated product" means a product made wholly or partly from polyvinyl chloride, and which does not require further processing at tempera tures. and for times, sufficient to cause mass melting of the polyvinyl chloride resulting in the release of vinyl chloride. (?) "Hazardous operation" means any operation, procedure, or activity where a release of either vinyl chlo ride liquid or gas might be expected as a consequence of the operation or be cause of an accident in the operation, which would result in an employee ex posure in excess of the permissible ex posure limit. (8) "OSHA Area Director" means the Director for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Area Office having jurisdiction over the geographic area in which the em ployer $ establishment is located. <9) "Polyvinyl chloride" means poly vinyl chloride homopolymer or copoly mer before such is converted to a fab ricated product. (10) "Vinyl chloride" means vinyl chloride monomer. (c) Permissible exposure limit (1) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations greater than 1 ppm averaged over any 8-hour period, and (2) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations great er than 5 ppm averaged over any period not exceeding 15 minutes. (3) No employee may bV exposed to vinyl chloride by direct contact with liquid vinyl chloride. (d) Monitoring. (1) A program of ini tial monitoring and measurement shall be undertaken in each establish ment to determine If there is any em ployee exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the action leveL (2) Where a determination conduct ed under paragraph (dXl) of this sec tion shows any employee exposures, without regard to the use of respira tors, in excess of the action level, a program for determining exposures for each such employee shall be estab lished. Such a program: (1) Shall be repeated at least month ly where any employee is exposed, without regard to the use of respira tors. in excess of the permissible expo sure limit. (11) Shall be repeated not less than quarterly where any employee is ex posed, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the action level. (ill) May be discontinued for any em ployee only when at least two consecu tive monitoring determinations, made not less than 5 working days apart, show exposures for that employee at or below the action leveL (3) Whenever there has been a pro duction, process or control change which may mult in an increase in the release of vinyl chloride, or the em ployer has any other reason to suspect that any employee may be exposed in excess of the action level, a determina tion of employee exposure under para graph (d)(1) of this section shall be performed. 767  1910.1017 29 CF* Ch. XVII (7-l-M Edition) (4> The method of monitoring and measurement shall have an accuracy (with a confidence level of 99 percent) of not less than plus or minus 50 per cent from 0.29 through 0.5 ppm. plus or minus 35 percent from over 0.5 ppm through 1.0 ppm. and plus or minus 29 percent over 1.0 ppm. (Methods meet ing these accuracy requirements are available in the "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods"). (9) Employees or their designated representatives shall be afforded rea sonable opportunity to observe the monitoring and measuring required by this paragraph. (e) Regulated area. (1) A regulated area shall be established where: (1) Vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chlo ride is manufactured, reacted, repack aged. stored, bandied or used: and <il) Vinyl chloride concentrations are in excess of the permissible exposure limit. (2) Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons. (f) Methods of compliance. Employee exposures to vinyl chloride shall be controlled to at or below the permissi ble exposure limit provided in para graph (c) of this section by engineer ing, work practice, and personal pro tective controls as follows; (1) Feasible engineering and work practice controls shall immediately be used to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible exposure limit (2) Wherever feasible engineering and work practice controls which can be instituted immediately are not suf ficient to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible exposure limit, they shall nonetheless be used to reduce exposures to the lowest practi cable level, and shall be supplemented by respiratory protection in accord ance with paragraph (g> of this sec tion. A program shall be established and implemented to reduce exposures to at or below the permissible expo sure limit, or to the greatest extent feasible, solely by means of engineer ing and work practice controls, as soon as feasible. (3) Written plans for such a program shall be developed and furnished upon request for examination and copying to authorized representatives of the Assistant Secretary and the Director. Such plans shall be updated at least every six months. (g) Respiratory protection. Where respiratory protection is required under this section: (1) The employer shall provide a res pirator which meets the requirements of this paragraph and shall assure that the employee uses such respira tor. except that until April 1, 1976, wearing of respirators shall be at the discretion of each employee for expo sures not In excess of 25 ppm. meas ured over any 15-minute period. Until April 1, 1976. each employee who chooses not to wear an appropriate respirator shall be informed at least quarterly of the hazards of vinyl chlo ride and the purpose, proper use, and limitations of respiratory devices. (2) Respirators shall be selected from among those jointly approved by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration, Department of the In terior. and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health under the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11. (3) A respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of 11910.134 shall be established and maintained. (4) Selection of respirators for vinyl chloride shall be as follows: ADnoaem oonoanvusn at nyi cruonda (I) Uttnonm. or aeon* 1000 D/m.................._ m Not ow 3.000 D/m........................................ M No) M 1.000 D/m............................................ Raomd mnu fivl Not aw >00 o/m...................................... 768 ucc 079916 OMW^otianail Safety and Health Admin., labor 1*10.1017 ~i i b^nr'-- & ywryt ernono* ivi fvt NDi os* 24 ip m fi 0i &** 10 P/fT1 (C> Typ* c w tMpviior d*mnd iyp w M Immbi (A) A P0wr0 Oi^punAHrtf fBUtfli w*h AM. hiWiiL HM & ftaff few oco and cwm w*ef proratt a vwe Moia mm 4 mn fr coneorwtnona ot v*yi emoMOt t* to p/m. or (8) & moan, trom or ftatf-moxwo ernmm Me* mi *>40 a aa Ma ot at mi 4 hotn tor umcawuwora of **V orm w *o O p/m (A) Oorrooaaon ryo* C iirrman air manww oamoru typa. aim M tocapiaca wa mnmary Ma-comamoo r 4#4r. or (t| Typo C appifl a* roapaoier oomond typo. #i rwt fnaparw. or fC> Any ehomcai oarmppa 'Mtvater wtpi an wane >aw carvidga nm proud*! a aamea wa or at mast i iw tor npruarwaapw ot w*y* cmama ue to to p/m <5 xi) Entry into unknown concentrations or concentrations greater than 36.000 ppm (lover explosive limit) may be made only for purposes of life rescue: and <U) Entry into concentrations of less tnan 36.000 ppm. but greater than 3,600 ppm may be made only for pur poses of life rescue, firefighting, or se curing equipment so as to prevent a greater hazard from release of vinyl chloride. (6) Where air-purifying respirators are used: (i) Air-purlfylng cannisters or car tridges shall be replaced prior to the expiration of their service life or the end of the shift in which they are first used, whichever occurs first, and (li) A continuous monitoring and alarm system shall be provided where concentrations of vinyl chloride could reasonably exceed the allowable con centrations for the devices in use. Such system shall be used to alert em ployees when vinyl chloride concentra tions exceed the allowable concentra tions for the devices In use. (7) Apparatus prescribed for higher concentrations may be used for any lower concentration. (h) Hazardon* operation*. (1) Em ployees engaged in hazardous oper ations. including entry of vessels to clean polyvinyl chloride residue from vessel walls, shall be provided and re quired to wear and use; (i) Respiratory protection in accord ance with paragraphs (c) and (g) of this section: and (il) Protective garments to prevent skin contact with liquid vinyl chloride or with polyvinyl chloride residue from vessel walls. The protective gar ments shall be selected for the oper ation and its possible exposure condi tions. (2) Protective garments shall be pro vided clean and dry for each use. (1) Emergency situations. A written operational plan for emergency situa tions shall be developed for each facili ty storing, handling, or otherwise using vinyl chloride as a liquid or com pressed gas. Appropriate portions of the plan shall be implemented In the event of an emergency. The plan shall specifically provide that: (1) Employees engaged in hazardous operations or correcting situations of existing hazardous releases shall be equipped as required in paragraph (h) of this section; (2) Other employees not so equipped shall evacuate the area and not return until conditions are controlled by the methods required In paragraph <fJ of this section and the emergency is abated. (J) Training. Each employee en gaged in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride operations shall be provided training in a program relating to the hazards of vinyl chloride and precau tions for its safe use. (1) The program shall include: (1) The nature of the health hoard from chronic exposure to vinyl chlo ride including specifically the carcino genic hazard; <U) The specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to vinyl chloride in excess of the permissible limit and necessary protective steps; Oil) The purpose for. proper use. and limitations of respiratory protective devices; civ) The fire hazard and acute toxici ty of vinyl chloride, and the necessary protective steps;  1910.1017 39 CHI Ch. XVII (7-1-46 Edition) ;v) The purpose for and a descrip tion of the monitoring program; i id The purpose for. and a descrip tion of, the medical surveillance pro gram; ivli) Emergency procedures: (viii) Specific information to aid the employee in recognition of conditions which may result In the release of vinyl chloride: and Clx) A review of this standard at the employee's first training and Indoctri nation program, and annually thereaf ter. (2) All materials relating to the pro gram haii be provided upon request to the Assistant Secretary and the Di rector. <k) Medical surveillance. A program of medical surveillance shall be Insti tuted for each employee exposed, without regard to the use of respira tors. to vinyl chloride in excess of the action level. The program shall pro vide each such employee with an op portunity for examinations and tests in accordance with this paragraph. All medical examinations and procedures shall be performed by or under the su pervision of a licensed physician, and shall be provided without cost to the employee. (1) At the time of Initial assignment, or upon institution of medical surveil lance; (I) A general physical examination shall be performed, with specific at tention to detecting enlargement of liver, spleen or kidneys, or dysfunction in these organs, and for abnormalities in skin, connective tissues and the pul monary system (See Appendix A). (II) A medical history shall be taken, including the following topics: (A) Aldohol intake; (B) Past history of hepatitis: (C> Work history and past exposure to potential hepatotoxic agents, in cluding drugs and chemicals: CD) Past history of blood transfu sions: and 'E) Past history of hospitalizations, 'ill) A serum specimen 3hall be ob tained and determinations made of: 'A) Total bilirubin: B) Alkaline phosphatase: Ci Serum glutamic oxalacetic tranaiminase 'SGOT:: (D) Serum glutamic pyruvic trans aminase (SGPT): and (E) Gamma glustamyl transpepti dase. (2) Examinations provided in accord ance with this paragraph shall be per formed at least: cl) Every S months for each employ ee who has been employed in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride manu facturing for 10 years or longer and (11) Annually for all other employ ee*. (3) Each employee exposed to an emergency shall be afforded appropri ate medical surveillance. (4) A statement of each empl yee's suitability for continued exposure to vinyl chloride including use of protec tive equipment and respirators, shall be obtained from the examining physi cian promptly after any examination. A copy of the physician's statement shall be provided each employee. (3) If any employee's health would be materially impaired by continued exposure, such employee shall be withdrawn from possible contact with vinyl chloride. (0) Laboratory analyses for all bio logical specimens included In medical examinations shall be performed in laboratories licensed under 42 CIR Part 74. (7) If the examining physician deter mines that alternative medical exami nations to those required by para graph (kxi) of this section will pro vide at least equal assurance of detect ing medical conditions pertinent to the exposure to vinyl chloride, the em ployer may accept such alternative ex aminations as meeting the require ments of paragraph (kxi) of this sec tion. if the employer obtains a state ment from the examining physio* setting forth the alternative examina tions and the rationale for subeuw* tion. This statement shall be avail*TM* upon request for examination an copying to authorized represent*u_^ of the Assistant Secretary and the or rector. (1) Signs and labels. regulated areas shall be posted legible signs bearing the legend: 770 0t |r>--< Safety and Health Admin., Labor 9 1910.1017 CKncnSosncT Acnrr Ama AtTTnomzn) Pmoirm Oxvr i " t Areas containing hazardous opermons or where an emergency currentlv exists shall be posted with legible ypu bearing the legend: CAnen-SdsrtCT Acnrr n This Aaxa pnorrcTrvT Eaoirunrr Rrouixm AtnnoaizzD PzxsomrzL Owit <3) Containers of polyvinyl chloride waste from reactors or other wwste contaminated with vinyl chlo ride shall be legibly labeled: Coittamxmatis With Vnrn. Chloridi Caucxe-Sosfxct Acnrr (4) Containers of polyvinyl chloride be legibly labeled: POLTVTXTt CWLOKIBI (OE TSABS NAME) Contains Vnm CwLoame Vnrn. Cbloubs is a CxKcatSvtrwcz Aonrr (3) Containers of vinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled either (1) Vorrt Cxloehje ErmmiT Flammable Oas Una Pazssvu Caecb Sumer Asm or (U) In accordance with 49 CTO Parts 170-189, with the additional legend: CAHcnt-SusrscT Aozkt applied near the label or placard. (6) No statement shall appear on or near any required sign, label or In struction which contradicts or detracts from the effect of, any required warn ing, information or Instruction. (m> Records. (1) All records main tained in accordance with this section shall include the name and social secu rity number of each employee where relevant. (2) Records of required monitoring and measuring and medical records shall be provided upon request to em ployees. designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accord ance with 29 CFR 1910.20 (aHD and <g)-<i). These records shall be provided upon request to the Director. Author ized personnel rosters shall also be provided upon request to the Assistant Secretary and the Director. (i) Monitoring and measuring records shall: (A) State the date of such monitor ing and measuring and the concentra tions determined and identify the in struments and methods used: <B) Include any additional informa tion necessary to determine individual employee exposures where such expo sures are determined by means other than individual monitoring of employ ees: and (C) Be maintained for not leas than 30 years. (11) [Reserved! (lit) Medical records shall be main tained for the duration of the employ ment of each employee plus 20 yean, or 30 yean, whichever is longer. (3) In the event that the employer ceases to do business and there is no successor to receive and retain his records for the prescribed period, these records shall be transmitted by registered mall to the Director, and each employee individually notified in writing of this transfer. The employer shall also comply with any additional requirements set forth In 29 CFR 1910.20(h). (n) Reports. (1) Not later than 1 month after the establishment of a regulated area, the following informa tion ahall be reported to the OBHA Area Director. Any changes to such in formation shall be reported within 15 days. (1) The address and location of each establishment which has one or more regulated areas; and 01) The number of employees In each regulated area during normal op erations. Including maintenance. (2) Emergencies, and the facts ob tainable at that time, shall be reported within 24 hours to the OSHA Area Di rector. Upon request of the Area Di rector. the employer shall submit addi tional information in writing relevant to the nature and extent of employee exposures and measures taken to pre vent future emergencies of similar nature. (3) Within 10 working days following any monitoring and measuring which 771 } 1910.1011 29 CM Ch. XVII (7-1-44 Edlti n) discloses that any employee has been exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the permissi ble exposure limit, each such employ ee shall be notified in writing of the results of the exposure measurement and the steps being taken to reduce the exposure to within the permissible exposure limit (o) Effective data. Cl) Until April 1. 1973, the provisions currently set forth in 11910.934 of this part shall apply. (2) Effective April 1. 1975. the provi sions set forth in 11910.93q of this part shall apply. Amnn A--SumxMxwTAiT Mbical iHTOSMATtON When required tests under paragraph (kxi) of this section show abnormalities, the tests should be repeated sa soon aa prac ticable. preferably within 3 to 4 weeks. If tests remain abnormal, consideration should be given to withdrawal of the employee from contact with vinyl chloride, while a more comprehensive examination la made. Additional testa which may be useful: A. For kidney dysfunction: urine examina tion for albumin, red blood cells, and exfo liative abnormal ceils. B. Pulmonary system: Forced vital capac ity. Forced expiratory volume at 1 second, sod chast roentgenogram (posterior-anteri or. 14 x 17 inches). C. Additional serum teste Lactic add de hydrogenase, lactic add dehydrogenase Isoenzyme, protein determination, sad pro tein electrophoresis. D. For a more comprehensive examination on repeated abnormal serum tests; Hepatitis B antigen, and liver scanning. 139 PR 39896. Oct. 4. 1974: 39 FR 4184. Dec. 3. 1974. as amended at 40 FR 13211. Mar. 29. 1979. RedMlgnated at 40 FR 33072. May 28, 1979 and amended at 43 FR 49791. Oct. 34. 1979: 49 FR 39292, May 22. 19901 11910.1019 Inorganic arsenic. (a) Scope and application. This sec tion applies to all occupational expo sures to inorganic arsenic except that this section does not apply to employ ee exposures In agriculture or result ing from pesticide application, the treatment of wood with preservatives or the utilization of arsenically pre served wood. (b) Definition*. "Action level" means a concentration of inorganic arsenic of 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (5 ng/m1) averaged over any eight (8) hour period. Assistant Secretary" means the As sistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa tional Safety and Health. U.S. Depart ment of Labor, or designee. "Authorized person" means any person specifically authorized by the employer whose duties require the person to enter a regulated area, or any person entering such an area as a designated representative of employ ees for the purpose of exercising the right to observe monitoring and meas uring procedures under paragraph (e) of this section. "Director" means the Director. Na tional Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, or designee. "Inorganic arsenic" means copper seeto- arsenue and all inorganic com pounds containing arsenic except arsine, measured as arsenic (As). (c) Permissible exposure limit The employer shall assure that no employ ee is exposed to inorganic arsenic at concentrations greater than 10 micro- grams per cubic meter of air (10 pg/ m*), averaged over any 8-h ur period. (d) Notification of use. (1) By Octo ber 1. 1978 or within 80 days after the Introduction of inorganic arsenic into the workplace, every empl yer who la required to establish a regulated area in his workplaces shall report in writ ing to the OSHA area office for each such workplace; (1) The address of each such work place: (11) The approximate number of em ployees who will be working in regu lated areas', and (ill) A brief summary of the oper ations creating the exposure and the actions which the employer intends to take to reduce exposures. (2) Whenever there has been a sig nificant change in the information re quired by paragraph (d)(1) of tion the employer shah report the changes in writing within 80 days to the OSHA area office. ,,____ (e) Exposure monitoring--< 1) ^enfT aL (i) Determinations of airborne es- posure levels shall be made from ** samples that are representative 772 ucc 079920