Document qa227LEqKL13o8qdpqvvD4gG5

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT UC-3S90 March 30, 1979 MEMORANDUM TO: Asbestos Information Association/NA Legal Research Committee FROM: Carey E. Gross Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft RE: Asbestos-Associated Disease: With Particular Reference to U.S. Shipyards, a Conference at the Mount Sinai Medical Center November 27-29, 19.78 __________ On November 27, 28 and 29, 1978 I attended a conference given at the Post-Graduate School of Medicine of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. The conference was a post-graduate course and was part of the 1973-1979 program of the University's Occupational Safety and Health Education Center, supported by the National Institute'for Occupational Safety and Health. Approximately 300 people attended the conference, roughly broken down as follows: 40% doctors: 40% attorneys; and 20% workers and union members. The conference was well organized. I have summarized below some of the more Interesting discussions at the conference. All of the statements below were made by participants at the conference and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or beliefs of the writer. A complete tape recording of the proceedings is available from this office. UCC 008153 ,bgXnsXno \;lloxb9ra sbw noiXXn939nq 9riX lo riox/M XBolgoXoXrnsbiqs bns Xb IsoinoXsirf oX noXXnsXXs lo XoX riXXw nnndXXJJ . H 9\;J1 .id bn 11o>11X92 . L gnlvnl .*iG .esXbiJXe oX bsmees s'isdBsqs 3rfX lo YXlnoGB-^ A . 9ori9*i9lnoo 9rfX bsXosnXb lo enolJxrXi2 bns sbean 9riX oX enoxXBXnoae'iq iX9rfX XosnXb .noXXsgXXXX 9393ib f>6XX9'i~3oX39ds ni allXXnxBXq 9XXXXX ynav bsvlovnl sonena'lnoo 9riX lo \sb XbiXI sriT son9lbns srfX lo errsdrasni ^nsm XsriX bssnas I .noiXBm'iolrri "vjsn" noiXBXn929iq XsoX'ioXsXrf rfgno-iorfx s bns ssns slriX oX wan sisw riXXw soibuXa bos aXnsv3 .XXl9n9d nl9rfX nol ebsra gn9d sbw .b9sXssriqra9 bns b9Xn939iq 9*i9W 'isXXXmsl XXb 9i ew rioiriw ,11ojUI92 .nd noXXonbonXnl ns riXXw nsg9d 9on9r9lnoo 9riT XX-8 TC-ts^snilxoiqqB" :W3H lo XnsmsXsXs 8YI ,8 XanguA 9riX gnlXoup S.S oX 5.1,..3oXE9d3 oX b93oqx9 rt99d 9VBri ansjtnow noXIIXfn Xfnow 9ux3oqx9 lo sXo9ll9...bgsoqxs gnXsd won 9is noXXIXm ".sisg^ 0 oX <?X nol i9qq ?3t.~b bne sens:! 3riX lo smcx <3vXX2nrixo gniyd XoorfXXW :9i9w 9on9i9lnoo eriX lo \Bb Xsnxl XsriX ni bsXn939*iq 9*19v/ XsriX riXssb bsbnoosn XenXl bsXnoqs'i ysiiuM 9ugsXnoM . H .id - Y0?X (X) Xnoqei 93B0 Xsnil - 06X .() jnslXlnH XssnO n 33oX29d3B lo (soiilA riXi/oS .ni bbw sujsoqxs t.A.2.U nx sXeoXssdss no ^buXs()i) jloqqmc! lo VJT srfX bemXsIoo'ia .Is X9 tn9E997Q - 8QX () ;sm9XXsq noXXonul Yrisnoralnq lo slsylsns b9'i9sno'Xq XrigXnW - c?$X gnnl oX noXXn9XXs beXXso bisW bns Il9nnod'0 - Y?I (?) bns SnuX tY'ioXosl nssn XsXXqsori nX eesso YS lo Xno 1 nx) nsonso .(scfoX n9v;oI sriX nX snev; snsonso -SUCC 008154 Further, many general statements about asbestos-related diseases were made. Examples are: (.1) changes in normalcy of x-rays are la--rgely seen after long latency period - approximately -i 20 years; (2) one out of every five insulation workers in this country dies of lung cancer; (3) historically, cancer has been seen much more in the lower lobes of the lungs and linings instead of the non-peritoneum and higher in the lung where those carcinomas normally occur; and (A) asbestos-related cancers are often beyond the skill of a surgeon's knife (autopsy photos suppprting this proposition were presented). Dr. Selikoff stated that recent data shows a statistically significant increase in the appearance of carcinomas in the larynx, pharynx, and kidney in asbestos workers. The clinical latency period for these cancers appears to be roughly 15 to ho plus years. Dr. Selikoff feels that the real problem with exposure to asbestos is cancer not asbestosis. A significant factor in this area is the end product use. Dr. Selikoff seems to feel that workers in companies manufacturing asbestos-containing end products have more health problems than those in the production and mining'segment of the industry. Dr. Selikoff asserted that, in 195S, doctors began -to see mesothelioma cases in workers exposed to, only amosite. This was suprising, since earlier medical opinion held that mesothelioma was caused by crysotile exposure. References were: Wagner-IST14,British Journal of Medicine, and 'oily ^'ev;house. He further asserted that brief exposure to asbestos , if excessive, nay be as hazardous as long term exposure to lower concentrations. Emphasis was placed on retorts that an -3*UCC 008155 n9 9d Jbsrf orfv; a'lsjfiovf nl bnuol ssw r9onso lo 9onsbJ:onx b93B9;ioni dnslq noansddsl arid dB Y,Bb ano Y-tno nol sodsec'as od baaoqxe zlsv9l daub rigid Y^sv od b9soqxa Tilbsd'ioqiuq 9isw sngjl'jow dona) .(anoldibnoo bsd bns asTM. 393B92x> badslai--sod39d3B lo dD9qaB nsridonA bsILso won ai di noleeslo'iq arid nl .llo^il9S .id Yd b9aauoalb gnljlnow osorid od tbIsi don 390b eiriT ..93S93b "aisbnBdaYd" sisbnsdsYd t?9ridBH .alBiisdsm gninlBdnoo-sodasdas ddiw Yldosnib -ddiw 929aib bsdBlsi-sodasdajB ns doBidnoo oriw alsubbvtbnl sijb . alBl-iadsm gniniB3noo-20d39d3s od 9T:ueoqx9 iBnoidsquooo Y^miiq duo arid lo a,i9dm9ni YXXmsl ^Xi^Baasosn don dud <YXlBn9n9g 9iB 939dT .nstf-jow aodasdas -aodesdas gnim9ono3 snoassl bssliBimnua HoMilsS .ill ie'XBeY 51 dasl srid gninub b9n*iS9l aazseabb bsdBlsi ; qliianoldslsi 9anoqs9i 98B9aib-93o(I . I jaisodasdas gnioBlqs'i al nsonBo lo sonsninia-e'il . S dnBOE ddiw 3rbdnoa9T:q srnoilBridoss.i: liiusld . j391U30qX9 bnB ;93y doubo*iq-bn9 lo sonBd'ioqciI .4 ni T9onso no doellg adi bus gni^ooia addaisgbo .5 .ansjfnow aodaadaB cel9bon iBmlrtB ni tdsrid gnibnll won 9n.B 3*isrio*i939fl ni n9sa zl as smoilsddoasm biobs erfd eauso nso 3n9dxl aaBlg arid li nwond ds\; don a 1 dx ,nsvswoH . sodaa.o'ss od bsaoqxs anBfnuri .snsdil ssBlg od b93oqxs snsniuri nx nssqqs IIxv; adluaen -1- . UCC 008156  Dr. Nicholson asserted that, in the shipbuilding industry, these associated with thermal insulation have the greatest chance of contracting asbestos-related diseases. The speaker emphasized importance of the total working environment, rather than just the particular trade. The prevalence of fibers and dust throughout the shipyard is, according to Dr. Nicholson, evidenced in abnormalities among all shipyard workers. Guards without previous yard jobs and draftsmen without any experience in the yards have been diagnosed as having some of the asbestosrelated diseases. It is estimated that approximately 4-1/2 million different individuals were employed in shipyards during World War II. Dr. Selikoff discussed the fact that researchers have seen in utero transfer of asbestos exposure In animals but not in humans. He also asserted that children of workers who contract asbestos-related diseases show symptoms 20-30 years after birtn. The assumption is tnat tney Inhaled fibers in their home, probably carried by their father's clothing or hair or body, not from in utero exposure. Dr. Selikoff noted that exposure cannot really be stopped once a single exposure has occurred because the Inhaled fibers continue to expose the lungs and the lung lining. The speakers pointed out that, for laymen reading some cf the epidemiological data, it is important to understand the "healthy worker effect". In general, the best comparison for all studies is the U.S. population data. But for the first -5UCC 008157 eneee s'xsrfd lo 9q\d ^dns lo eelbuda dsom lo eij59\ ,sv21 . rroiisLisa.oc l'i9n9g 9ri3 gnonis 3rf39b i9wsl S0|i-0 sc: cj noUioqoTq *i9rJgri ssrf no2dlJLrqoq Isi9n93 9rfd szu&osd si aldT YlIs*X9ns3 at rro2Jlx/qoq gn2M*xow arfj alldw tsIqoeq dole to to siboy ns3 od 9Vil danll 9rfd *xol 19'iol9*i9rtT .39irf3Is9rf 9rid nfiiid i9lrijlB9ri el noldslvqoq gnMnow srfd t dnsnntolqns Iso2dn952 5nl atadoiaaas'i tl tdluaai sA .noIdBluqoq iBisnsg -tfliss ei9^now moil bri no23Bluqoq lT:9n93 9rii moil aoldsloBSa .grtotw el gplddsmoa t2i99iBo lisrio n 'iLLsuev 3i93fiow d&dd dol 9d3 bsseuoelb Ho3btl9S .iG eaaao sis 9*29ritf rfguorfi t3eoJ39d3B rfd2w isonfio grujl to 925 9rfJ Aridiw (ri^B9icf lo dpoda \iav) aleodaadea od aub at ridB9b siarlw slsnomluq noo 5ns anii'isoa li'iBnomlt/'I .i9on3 gnul to aonaaaiq 5oog on sib 9n9rid' rfguorfdls t3nodorufl ^nsnomli/q n2 ^3Xi;o21125 aauao 5ns anotitbnoo owd 9s9rid n99Wd9d anoXdBXsi'ioo 3uod Jsy sdab .ajIOBddB cf'iBSri lo noicfBdn939iq ridqsb-nX bn gnXdasnsdnX ns sbw sisriT 02120933 S22jJ0 SB'rf 32 3d3Bq Hi .30d39d3 to YSOlon9n2n: srltf nonunoo 9d bXuoris 5933bos25 sbw dsriw lo Jaom dud <YlXo2n:9no ^IdnstBqcA ^vrcdaubpl sodaadaa odd to anadmam od asbalvorol elrlT ,adlacms rid2w b9Jn2mdnoo 9T6 9diXo52oono lo 332ecqeD rioXrfw n2 no2dg232X o3 3osq39T: ri32w 3n2oq n233Si93nx ns aazls-r . dnadioqml a 1 zrredll aodzsdza to, aodzedaa to asqxd oltioaqe sdd ayslq rioXriv: "3n9rtr9vorn ctBXrrwonS" 5933iroa2b nsgnBj ,*iG -. enedXl sodssdss lo T32lup sniodilB sri3 pi 3*iq dnBdnoqnrX ns -B- UCC 008158 The .very small fibers do not fall rapidly due to other atoms and molecules moving in the atmosphere. These other particles push the small asbestos fibers around - often pushing them upwards. In a vacuum, the smallest fibers would settle - but this is not so in the atmosphere. Therefore, some fibers may never settle regardless of gravity. This leads to an increased duration of possible exposure to the fibers. Dr. Langer asserted that there are no known safe exposure levels to asbestos. However, he believes that, as dose exposures decrease, there should be a decrease.in the incidence of the various diseases. He said that there is no known exposure standard in the United States to prevent cancers. As a result, the industries and sciences work on a regulatory system trying to minimize exposure and possible related diseases. Dr. Nicholson discussed difficulties with early dust measurements. The basic problems noted were: 1. Few counts ware done; 2. Those that were done did not use current techniques; 3. All particles (mppcf) were counted rather than only .-fibers; and 4:_, Conversion factors were uncertain... * ----- - Mr. Michael 'food, Director of Safety and Communications, International Brotherhood of Boiler Makers, read from a Chicago Tribune newspaper article: "The federal government has the heaviest of responsibilities in finding solutions to problems of millions of workers exposed." Mr. Wood then asserted that -7UCC 008159 ridXfisri br.s iJb'Ibs arid isvo niBSixo YlsvldosIIoo dsnm dneme&Bnfin r* . ei9>I'icw sdi b9'i9bn9i asrf dx "dluani'' nolzzuozlb 3v? 9i3ri3 boxnsq nsvjsn bns nold390p gnliuG di doglls 9rfd bos TisIIob nso 2 *i3!uA beuLsvsb srfd gni:m9onoo b9^'I9S:2B 195f9qE A .89239325 bsdfil91-30d39d3 HO 9VBfl X&-- 39dd2 bsdnU 9rfd od drignond gnX9Cf 9ns aqbris n3i9*iol vctem dsrid sqxrfa 929rid no gnbjlnow 9d ytn anej/'rovjqxrfs 19'iol9*i9riT .`liBqs'i nol siriT . od bssoqxs gnl9d 9*ib ^srid slfilnsdBm dsriw gniwontf duoridjtw bnB 30ds9ds od 9tu/3oqx9 iJtsrid lo booril9>fil 9rid ssssioni Y-Bdi . 3fJtT:9dsni gn2nBdnoo-sod89d83 bnB IsolniXo ni saidnsqxs IboIosai dsrfd bsdsds sbw dl Yll'X9n9a si Y*idm/09 sjtrfd di/origuonrfd noldd9'iq'i9dnJt iBoigoIoridsq si YSoIoibBH lo 939X100 riBoI'ismA grid .'isriduiT . dnsiollli/a 03 3YBi-x dsnqigdni bns b9i cd aasxo-f nriosd adl snlnls'13 won olllssqs 9rid n ^obiijdob lo esagsb T;9rigrf b 9d Iliw sasrid dsrfd Y'isnonluq od grrldpls'i z'i&'t-x Pros sraaldoiq ^rrsnomluq lo B9*i3 . 35SB9oil1 OJI arid no noidsdnessiq leinc b 9vb llojJileS .nQ m9J3'3 aXrfl .insdsYs noldsoillesslo .(9oillO nodsJ lnoldsrri9dnI) < zdslgoIciniBbiqe 10I s'^bi-x chb scXXl ^IbsaBlo od bsnglssb s-.r Yls'inq sX noXdorful sdl .blsil grid nl easrido bnB snBXoidsXdsdE dBrid 39dsd3 nsX39b eJX od 9ld-9,rq arid.) noXdoXlx8Elo lo 9nc e>IXX 9rid bns nold3ri9qmoo z 'nsn^'rov; tel don zl noidsoXlxsaBXo sirfc .bi3 JlcAlIoZ .iQ dsriv? lo inszzivz IsXnd sX awoiXol dsrfV/ OJI . gnuX srid lo zezsezlb daub sax Bssoinooornusn'I noXdBoXIXaaBlo biBbnBds s eblvonq od byb-i-x gnll9dl ng9C beworfs YlXBnXgl'xo snoxdBoIlzsaBXo sri! .zezsszlb gni/I *iol meJzys ___________________ ______ :___UGG 008-W0-- -B- ---------------- ----- -----------" what> was occurring in those exposed to coal dust and some silica. The classifications described nodules, but when 'the nedical profession began seeing asbestcsis films they could not use the same descriptions for two reasons. First, there were no nodules. Second, asbestos-related problems were apparent not only in the lungs, but also in the pleura, and the initial classification slides did nor relate to non-lung problems. Dr. Selikoff reiterated that it is important to remember that there is a much greater amount of pathology in the lungs than can be seen on x-rays. X-rays always under estimate what is there. Because cf this, a whole new set of. standards and classifications were developed regarding asbestos and asbestos-related diseases and filns showing each of_these. The result is a new (1978) classification system. This will include a proposed set of standard films so that anyone looking at the films will know exactly what is meant by the various classifications. xn ouher words. doctors ca.. vein. are th* films of their patients to the standard films that come with the classification packs * There is also a proposal that there be a set of end-category films. These films would show both ends of each category so that a particular classification will include film from the middle (.or average) of that category and both extremes of that category. Dr. Rabin asserted that mesctheiiorr.a of the pleura is rarely encountered among people without any asbestos exposure. He stated that autopsies will reveal less than one out cf 10,000 _o-/ _ UCC 008161 enoezao lo c. 3Z od tBtxj9lq 9n2 lo smollorfdoesz: svsd snoaneg te'lOls'iBr'T .5-oiIerijossn Isiyslq colevab s'luaoqr.s eodesdeB cidl\-i nsewded ncl jlsi'ioo 9d2n2l9.5 3 el ezsdd tnxdBE . *i(3 od gnxbnoooB ddiw doBxnoe vd zo Y-CX-snoiuBqiroco *i9ridi9.) eodesdes od aijjeoqxs . BrcoIIervjcsejn Iszvslq lo jns:-nco.l9V9> ecid bns (b9soqx9 oe eno t 90.09*1 rlnCO 9nd 3s 3*29Xr69q3 OX Sn-tJblOoOB ^Briu t'19V9V;orf t9doM B 3 Bx:oilBriJ059n lBTX'9lq fc9lB9V91 9VBrf ysUZuT! n 39lfciJ?3 .sdlloax od smaoqxe lo dlue9*1 59jjpfilq Isnuslq 93i/112b tgn2n9>:o2rfd Ifiinslq 93ull2(I fi9dlo 9is n3d3o212oIso Ibii/9Ic bns (mgBirfqB2b 9rfd no Ylnbsm) Biuslq 9.ic tgn2n9>fo2rig Isiuslc nl .8*i93{'iov zodzsdss nl n993 d^Bsid lo tesr.izode gn23usc gm/I edr bnuozs 93o B 39dB9io n9dlo srfd no ricbsrlz 9dB*X9ir;oIgnco 6 dBi-Id bedsde n29d3'T92T .*xa 9dd toeli ..-aon2oi3o nssni \;I2'is33909n don esob ^*i-x gnnl Yl2'i33 9r9n ^cn 3 90b xzqold s nc *T9d21 sodsedss ns lo 9on939*xq gnx-I edd lo BfrorrlorBO ^ibin2*rq <*I9V9noH . 3230d39.d3J5 n39n 9dBoxx2::qxx vxc-v b~ vs?.i bibxII .szusiq arid od oddBOaBdem 32 edsldr.szs'z'ill qlsd II2v; rfc2rfv; nosloori grid no dnsni/odsni v:6n s ds-I-Ib? s2 zl .zxeondxl Y'xs-'tomluq JbnB snonloiBo n99wdsd . Ccxrenoriq gnlllsqs) '\nsoe sdBd" re rbse 3dn2oq lo vzsrjz^e b el gnbwollol eriT .Bincnlo-rBO olnsgoriononcf \zsyilzq od doeqesz dd\< n29j3192T .zG :zo~Ld a zizsoi -.;- elezteades YOBnonlxrE -1 i s9co2 sdd n2 dnsupB-l soex: 32 zeonso sn`T . ;''is'isr^rsq" y22sx=x: al zsonso sdT . -:iUCC 008162 4. Carcinoma is increasingly common without pulmonary asbestosis; and 5- It is difficult to differentiate between pleural carcinoma, pleural rr.etastases and mesothelioma. There appears to be a possibility of using, nuclear medicine in determining primary bronchogenic carcinomas. A gallium scan may be able to ceTect some of the fibers in the lung tissues. Those patients with malignant mesothelioma would be detected by gallium scanning and differentiated frcm these with benign pleural involvement. Dr. Rabin stated that lung cancer is eight times as great in those exposed to asbestos as in the general V.S. population. Ke also asserted That blocd-gas studies are unlikely to help diagnose asbestosis. Apparently it is common to have negative x-rays although various pulmonary problems exist. It is Dr. Rabin's view chat asbestosis ar.i carcinomas have no dose-respense relacionship to one another -- each has their awn dose-respcr.se curve. Diagnostic thoracotomies are not recommended by Dr. Rabin. He noted that there have been three deaths due to diagnostic thoracotomies at Mt. Sinai. There appears to be a low resistence to oost-ohoracotomy infection. According to Dr. Churg, mesothelioma is much less common than the lung cancers out much mere soecific. raroirema 0 of the pleura is lung parenchyma surrounded by mesothelioma. Histologically, mesothelioma may look very similar to carcinoma of the pleura. Any tumor than gets ir.tc The pleura will grow -11UCC 008163 . Isxleridiqs JcT-CY sib afinoileriooesM .nsnnsm smse srid ni vbv; be or s Jon si noEdoss iBoigoIodexri b dsrid b9don xslxrsjjS . iQ .ZLZOiZSdZB 9nlmrI9j9b od ti93nBJI . "i" or gnlbnoros tbssu 9d Y-Bnr 9qoosoTom drigil A zr.c'A -9eij edi cd ad9vso rid 2bnBd3*i9bmj 9no as gnol zb noido9la srid Errs nisgd drigil 9rid sbuloni 3dn9nm*iri3n.t b9dold2lriqoe . 29qooao*ioln m9cf eb'iBbrsrs zoczedZB riExdiic 9rfd od dB9VBo gni;d89i9dnJ; nA 9i9>: ab'rsbnsda rlairi'rE eriT .r.oeloriolW .id T<* bseauoeib 3SW .sEaodaedSB (*lo 9on9bloni 9rfd i9woX *10) dn9V9nq od b9ng39b cd aiisEasds "9153" 5*i9v; dBrtw W9ml sno on dBrfd bsdnsaas sH t en95orrX*'rsr nol b'lBbnsds 9rid ridiv: nigldonq 9riT ,T9onfia dnevsnq snEJ d'sse'iq arid dB nere dsrid 3 t9on9T:9lnoo srid Jjb bsdsds zb noziodsl'i .rQ t9,rolei9riT .enagonionso nol sblorissirfd wontf Jon ob 9W sJciesoq bb dour. 2b al9V3l 9*iJj3oqx9 gnlodboi b9bn9nunoo9i sE 9i9rid rsrid b9don sri sbisfcnBJa Jrt9'rujo gnieajjoelb ni " -Ensbrsdc 'rsdE! cv:J" =rid nol aEssd olllJn9ioe no oiiodairi on Y.is'tzlz'zs ns 9d or bedxds ssw rirgn9l noioxm 9vll 9riJ cn9rirriii^ . eqooac'icsE- drirEI erid rldEv; snsc'El lo gnidnnoo srid wdIIb od llo-dno enec'E': r?rnods dsrir -.:cn:~: d'not sw dsrid b9dsde noelorioxK ,*ia sns enx.'ir rsrid bed-reess sri < II Era! 2 . anrsldonq ezuso con ob 2crir 3S endnoltn ev 1Z ns rid 'lednoris znodll ^nsm zb ssmld .001 .ridsnsl nx snonolm evil xisrfd snom c: dErcEiEib ^ev eE dE dBrid ssvsxlsd VioriEIsS .nd YlsdB.rxxrdres dsrid bsriseas 9ri t deridin'? .snob edntroo izub svsrf -SI- UCC 008164 15 of a man's life is lost if he becomes an asbestos worker. He did note that it is important to remember that we are Balking strictly averages and that the results are different for every worker. The passage of time from onset of exposure is critical. It Is important to remember that for research purposes a study period of less than 20-25 years is not as significant as the period after 30 years. Dri. Selikoff continued by stating that there is a sharp dose-response relationship for lung cancer - the longer a worker has worked with asbestos, the more likely he is to get lung cancer - but again the latency period is crucial. The tissue burden continues to affect with no further exposure other than the initial exposure which can be one month, one year, even one week. The smaller the initial dose, the longer the induction period (dose-induction period). These were said to be the biological parameters that must be taken into consideration. One segment of the conference was directed toward , discussing "family contact diseases." Dr. Anderson explained tha this relates to children and 'women exposed to workers who were occupationally exposed to asbestos. It Is believed that the dust and fibers brought back into the home by the worker -were carried on their bodies, in their hair and on their work clothes. There is a relative risk factor of ten'for women with mesothelioma. This means that a 'woman with mesothelioma Is ten times as likely to live (or have lived) In a home with an asbestos worker than, a woman in the control group. -13UCC 008165 nx fslszsq snsdll sodssdss t nosnsbnA ."id od gnxbnoooA a'lsdl'i' so^zsdss tbedssf ezsw dsrfd esniori srzos nl . s,i9riq2omd odd noob 9rid nsvo ^now9mB*i'l bn 2gniIi9o tsllv/ srid no bnuol s*i9w arid lo 9dBb gnidinow nv.'onM d2l arid *i9dl si9Y OE 2 rioxjjn ss dsadBSTrg 9rid 9Vri of bnuol n99d 9Vri sevlW low sodssdas tYleuoi'inO .292392b badBls'i-sodasdas gnidofindnoo *10 sonsrio odd s9E9sib b9dl9*i-B0d29d2B qol9V9b of bnuol sisw anadrigusb sirid yriw onus si sno oM .agnildia 9Ibhi il9rid nsrid ss9l td3B9l .os si bns iBoibsm arid ni bnuongjlosd 9vod add gniv/ollo'i t 2939sib b9dBi008sjs--30d39dss lo 2do9q2B lBoigoIoin9blq9 tnoidB3n9qmoo 2 ' nsnoiiow od gnidBl9i 9bm 919W anoidsdnaasiq 93B92ib sodzedzs odd lo sdosqsB isgsi bns ydilldsll douboiq -n939iq 93odd lo 9moa lo ynsmius b od mud wonM Iliw I .m9ldoiq .snoidsd Yiodslngen nol slssd olidn9io3 srfd %nlzzuoatb nl 1 Ydilic.'8ib*' ddd bszon n'iudilH . nd tY3iIicf2ib lo noldBnim'isdsb snomluq lo 59B2sXo ouol sns 9i9dd dBrid benlslqxs sH ".noxnxqo ns lo o932bXo nuol arid od bnoc29moo dBrid dnsmiBqmx Y'20dBniq29'i d6rid bisa n9rid dn9oniV bisv/oH .iM . Jnstmiscnl nsluosavoibrcso Yfllldsslb danl srid od ymini lo mid moil 9mid lo ridgnsl 9rid- Y'lutni ni z\sb 03 YisdBnrxxonqqB si znsmlslo arid Yd bsvi909T: xoerio eH .252850Hi lsnol~.sauooo nx nBev snc YlsdBfnxxonqqs bns sssso bns bsd29dnoo si sszsc 'zzulnl nsd y~svs lo duo sno ddd bsunxdnoo nsd 'i'ze'vs lo due xx2 .OOC.cSS lo bnsv/B e^siavs n si 9i9rid 22sI lo bisv.B sgB'isvB n si ensrid bns b9d25dnoo sns zszso 229nIIi -ai- UCC 008166 than $10,000. According to Mr. Paul Gillenwater the earliest firm of occupational -diseases are set apart from accidental injuries for two reasons:(1) the disease is not accidental but is usually expected; and (2) the disease has developed over a long period of time versus a sudden onset (like an accident). Compensable disability can also be divided into two categories -- a disability of a medical or physical nature and a de facto inability to earn wages. The two types usually occur simultaneously, but they can occur independently. There are four classes of disability: temporary-total; temporary-partial; permanent-total; and permanent-partial. A tore detailed discussion of these four classes of disability is contained in the American Medical Association "guide" to permanent disability. It is important to remember that in determining disability the focus is not on the loss of earning capacity but dn the cause cf the lots cf earning capacity (i.e., is it 'occupational? 1. As cf October 1, 1978 the maximum rate of compensation was $395 car week. * Mr. Matthew Shafr.er revealed that a ceterr.ir.ation of dis ability is not only dependent on a diagnosis but also on age, education, industrial history.and available employment which the claimant can obtain after injury. Further, disability in a legal sense does not become permanent until it reaches maximum medical improvement. This determination is made by ar. acministrativ law judge. Mr. Shafner said, that written medical reports may not be introduced into evidence in disability hearings and in asbestosis cases it is generally desirable - and often necessary - -15UCC 008167 enuJei dn.snx.sIo b II .ylld29d seseendiw dnsqxs iBoxbem 9Vrf od dn9nsmT9q lo gnibnil ebulos'iq don aeob 2irfd yTJj'[,ni T9dl jItov; od b si ydilldssib dsrid bssxssriqnis TsnlsrfS .tM .vdllldBalb ldod to .adnsve dasc lo noidnirnX9 ns danj, don tdq9onoo gniriooI-bTB-.rTol ydllidsaib no anoidsdlnil lo sdudsda arid dsrid b9bbB noaT9bn9H .tM blnoria yfdsnoaBST to auonri dnsmislo arid rt9riw nnr od 2nig9d amlslo InlmTBrf () to 9239alb () to 9Tuaoqx9 (I) alri dnodB nwonri svsri . 9TJJ30qX9 dluollllb ylTBlooloTBq amoa lo noleanoaib asw 9TsriT noidBansqfiioo a'nsmolTov; nl ssIib riolriw noida9.up Isg9l bns oxlldn9loa .bolTeq yonedBx gnol al 9T9rid n9riw ylTBlnobdTBq agnlbseooTq 9ldsd09dsbnu yIlT9nsg al sgnsrfo 9i;aald dsrid b9dT9dl9T HoMlIaS .tq 3ri bolT9q yonsdsf T9y-0S B Ildnu asassaib bsdBlsn-aodasdaB nl nsbTud bns ydllidsaib lo nolaasTgoTq b ax eT9rfd tSTol9T9riT .mjT al dl .9Tnaocx9 lo noldsaaso 9rfd awollol riolriw asnaald arid no moTl gnlrnoo s: don yam adlnanl iBdnemsTonl 9rid dsrid sldlaaoq lo adosll9 benidmco 9rid od b9dl9T 2by; airiT .soma sno ylno <t1b bna T9dv; 9rid nl adn^dnlloq c2irt9ld0Tq ldn9nnoTlvn9 cgnxriOi7i2 .arill srio bn <% desl 9rid rsrid gninoidnsn yd b9jjnldnoo T9nlBrf2 ,tM toI sldlsnoGsaT'*'!IIsT9n9g si tsIttbo eonsTxrani dasl to T:9yoIq.T9 on 9d blxrona eTarid amlslo 9lqxdlnm gnxlil nl ,noidsenegmoo 9riT .acsg on sd 021= blnoria ensrid duo tedllsnsd lo gnlcqslTSVo asri ssyolqms arid lx nsxl. yJTBq-bTxrid od drigiT b 2ri dn9mnTevo;g a' rss.nriToV.T .oinllo AV yd ezsezib sldsensgmoo to! bsdB9Td nsad b9vxso9t ydlTooaa Isxooa lo dnxromB srid doslls ysm noidBansqmoo noldsaneqnoo 2 ' nsnriTov; do9ll don asob ydxTxiosa Isiooe rigjjoriJiB UT$^0D8168 _____ ___ awards. It is hard to obtain total compensation through social * security. Mr. Gene Locks posed the following crucial questions for determining legal points In workmen's compensation claims; Does a disease exist at a sub-clinical stage? or only when it Is detectable at radiographic stages? or when pulmonary function changes become evident? With respect to the varying statutes of limitation, in Mr. Henderson's opinion, the time when the cause of action accrues could be: (1) when the plaintiff suffers harm; (2) when the plaintiff becomes aware of the disease process; (.3) when the plaintiff recognizes the causual realtionship between exposure and the disease; or (4) the defendant's date of duty (last exposure date). Mr. Ronald Motley asserted that a good radiologist should be able to distinguish between fibrosis caused by smoking and fibrosis caused by asbestos exposure. He also stated that asbestos fibers and cigarette smoking act independently and either can'cause lung cancer. He pointed out that a non-smoking asbestos worker has a five times greater chance of contracting lung cancer then the general population. Mr. Roy Stelnfurth stated that compensation claims are usually too late or inadequate to halt the chain of "collateral" eyents that occur when a worker has contracted an occupational disease. Some of those events are depression, break up of the family, depletion of savings, loss of wages, and the like. He -17UCC 008169 r oriv; 2Y9niodds svsrf od 9onsdioqrni daomds lo ai dl dsrid b9di9ass YdiXidslx adoiiboic bns noicfsansarnoo e*nsnuiiov; ni b9ai9V Il9w sis lo bisws erid od noidsoiXqqs mo'll smiJ srid dsrid bsdon sH .vrsX llidnisXa 9rid 9mid rfoiriw grriujb sissy eeirid 10 owi nsdlo ai adilsnsd isrido 10 ytoblv 9rid no nsrid ai looiq lo nsbind 9rfT . a9ib nsdlo . 29EB0 nox oJBensqmoo sdsds n 1 yIIslo9qs9 19vidsdn939iq9i b9bisw don 9vsri t dsY 2 trioiriw 39dsd3 owd sis sisrlT Iqql22aaxM sis asdsda 92oriT .ais^iow Eodasdas od noidsansqtnoo \,ns .snsIsInoJ bns gnirfd riona on 3 sisrid duo. b9dnioq anXXiiVI disdIA. .iM 39on9i9llib Xssbivlbni ds9i 91s 9isrid dnd tdaub disni ns ss .dXnsni TiisnomXnq bns siuaoqxs dsnb od YdiXxdidqsosua 9rid n eseso smoX9rido29fn XXs lo 5cX ni dsrid bsbbs llo>liX92 .iCI don 390b dl dsrid bns sanso srid zb bsilidn9bi 9d donnso sodssdss .isonso s 92US0 blnoo dnsss 9no Yino dsrid sanss XsoigoXoid 9risnr ov/d lo ^9?IijuT moil 9on9biv9 y<X bsdioqqxrs asv; dnsmsdsda dasX 9riT .isonso lo bqqd airid gnlajss 9diXcsx Id 39qYd dnsisllib j^^&^mixoiqas soneislnoo srid lo Y-sk dasX srid nO s' nsroliow s sdsidanomsb cd b9sjj 9i9w ncisssa nooniedls grid lo ainori --2301b bris noidsnimsxs ooeiib s asv/ 9i9riT .sniiB9rf noxdsansqmoo vm,.;w noidsnirtc^-do9iib s t dsigoXoridsq a'llxdnxsXq 9rid lo noidsnimsxs. SnisoXo tnsioxriiIo 'sdnsbnsleb 9rid lo noidsnxmsxs-asoio bns snoxdsdnsasiq easrid ic asqsd sdsIcmcD .Xsddndei s bns sdnsmoois .sldslxsvs eis r,nini9onoo noidsmiolni isridml asriaiw isdmetn AV:\AIA qns II ,Eeqsd srid lo Yns lo ssiqco nxsddo od ssrtaiw 10 < sonsislnoo airid UCC 008170 -8l- .en dosdnoo 9asslq