Document qJ3Db6bNEJx6wqwoYae1RLME

NATIONAL SAFETil C0N6RES! ATLANTIC CITY OCTOBER 16-20, 1939 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. opfrl,hi. ItM, N.lion.l S.f.ty Council, Inc. f" W S A. Foreword ill Transactions of the 28th National Safety Congress Tami Kx|M>sition of the National Safety Council, October Hi 20, Id.VI, are published in two volumes. Volume I con tains the general anil subject sessions and the sessions of the various Industrial Sections. Volume II contains the Street and Highway Traffic, the C ommercial Vehicle, the Transit, the Child education, and the Home Safety sessions. Volume I is distributed automatically to all industrial mem bers of the C ouncil. Volume II is sent to members who are believed to be interested chiefly in the sessions it contains.. However, other Council members may obtain Volume II upon request. Many members have found it of benefit to distribute copies of the Transactions volumes to both executives, foremen and supervisors, who have used the practical information they contain in safety programs and for general reference pur poses Kxtra copies of the Transactions may he obtained as follows: One to 10 copies of Voi. i, at $2 each; 11 or more copies, $1.75 each, Extra copies of Vot. II cost 75 cents each. ill- Transactions are a condensed record of the pro Tceedings of the Congress. The papers and addresses have been edited to delete extraneous matter, abbreviate the less important |xirtions, and emphasize what may be of particulair usefulness m promoting effective safety organization and other accident prevention measures. These volumes, there fore, are a somewhat abridged version, compact, practical and of particular value to the student and executive inter ested in achieving more thorough accident prevention suc cess. The original manuscripts are available for additional reference, if desired, iri the files of the National Safety Council. f I !: National Safety Council, at its Congresses, seeks to Teliminate from discussion matters which are not pertinent to the aims of the Congress or which may be contrary to the Council's policies It cannot accept responsibility, however, for all views expressed either in the papers which have been delivered or in the discussions based u[xm these papers NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago 41- 14228 || Contents Council Officers and Directors...................................... 4 Council Purposes and Program.................................... 9 Annual Meeting of Members.......................................... 11 Annual Banquet ................................................................. 27 Special Subject Sessions-- Eliminating Mechanical Causes of Accidents . . 29 Fire Control and Prevention.................................. 43 Fumes, Gases and Vapors........................................ 55 Governmental Safety Service in Industry.......... 69 Health Service in Industry...................................... 93 Industrial Nursing......................................................109 Maintaining Interest in Safety................................123 Occupational Disease Control..................................133 Off-the-job Accidents ..............................................149 f] Safety Inspectors ......................................................163 The Human Side of Safety......................................181 Welding and Cutting................................................. 203 Aeronautical Section ........................................................225 A. S. S. E.--Engineering Section................................. 239 Automotive and Machine Shop Section....................... 245 Cement and Quarry Section............................................. 259 Chemical Section ................................................................273 Construction Section ........................................................299 Food Section ........................................................................ 319 Marine Section .................................................................... 339 Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries Section ................................................................... 391 Metals Section .....................................................................407 Mining Section .................................................................... 449 Paper and Pulp Section......................................................477 PPoewtroelrePumresSs eSceticotnion...................................................................................................................................................................................... 531 567 Public Utilities Section....................................................................581 Refrigeration Section ........................................................607 Rubber Section ....................................................................623 Steam Railroad Section..................................................... 645 Textile Section ....................................................................677 Wood Products Section.......................... 693 Safety Exposition Exhibitors......................................... 715 Index ......... , Ml - /. ' 719 II National Safety Council Inc. HONORARY MEMBERS A'.mkiaubn or Iron and Sim KiMIEKT W Camprri 1 l.nv K Palmer Eni.inuks OFFICERS (1939-1940) Col JmiNSTii.WF.il., President II J. Aldrich, Viet President for Safety Councils 1 C Campbfi.l. Vice-President for Industrial Safety Wm C Kmofi k, Vice-President for Education Dr Miij.fr McClintock, Vice-President for Public Safety I W Millard, Vice-President for Finance and Treasurer Wai ter S. Paine, Vice-President for Engineering l.i w R Pai mfr, Vice-President for Public Relations A V Roiiwfdfr, Vice-President for Home Safety R T. Solensten, Vice-President for Membership W H. Camfron, Managing Director and Secretary EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (1939-1940) If J. Aldrich, Spencer Kellogg Si Sons, Inc J I Hanash, Past President C VV. Bercquist, Past President H W. Boccess, fnnclair Prairie Oil Co H E licit T, South Bend Civic Safety Council F W Braun, ASSE-Engineering Section W H. Camfron, National Safety Council L C. Campbfii, The Koppers Coal Company K W Campbell, Past President Robert I Cati in, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co D If Chant, Paper and Pulp Section Lewis A. Dr.Runs, Past President C W. Dkmpfsv, The 1.liquid Carbonic Corp. C. R Dooley, Socnny-Vacuum Oil Co. Inc. Marcus A Dow, Past President Haroid F. Eniows. American National Red Cross I) I) Fennell, Past President H J. Griffith, Metals Section F. F. CiRovfr, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co Harry Guilihht, The Pullman Co. ( T. Hfi i mi'iit, Chicago Rapid Transit Co. Haroid C. Hoffman, Unemployment Compensation Comm S H Horrfi.i, The Carey Salt Co W F'i ovn I ackson, Delaware Safety Council of N J 4 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued WaiiikG Kin... Pal Piesiilrni VVm c Knoeik, Milwaukee Safety CommuMon John E I.ono, Past President Thos H MasDonaiu, Federal Public Road' Administration R. A. McArthur, Public Service Coordinated Transpott Dr. Mili.fr McCi intock, Yale University I. W. Millard, Industrial (doves Co Harold L. Miner, E. 1. do Pont de Nemours A Co Hon. Eliot Ness, Director of Public Safety, Cleveland C. J. Nobmann, Petroleum Section E. J. O'Brif.n, Jr , Louisville Safety Council Waiter S. Paine, Aetna Life & Affiliated Cos Lew R, Palmer, Past President C. E. Pettibone, Past President B. O. Pickaiid, Marine Section Albert S. Regui.a, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc R. J. Reic.eluth, Construction Section Lt. Cot.. Hf.nry A. Rf.nincf.r, Past President E. A. Roberts, Textile Section A. V. Rohwedfr, Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Ry Co Charles B Scott, Past President Frank T. Sheets, Portland Cement Association Gen. John H. Sherburne, Massachusetts Safety Cormnt Carl L. Smith, Cleveland Safety Council C. R. Smith, American Air Lines, Inc. R. T. Soi.ensten, Elliott Service Co. Lf.si.ie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, Chicago Cot.. John Sth.weil, Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. John M. Sylvester, Lehigh Valley Safety Council C. P. Tor man. Past President Georoe G Traver, Greater Chicago Safety Councd Dr. C. H Watson, Past President A. W. Whitney, National Conservation Bureau R. V. Wric.ht, Railway Age Arthur H. Yoiino, Past President DIRECTORS (1939-1940) H. J. Ai.drich, Spencer Kellogg Si Sons, Inc, A L. Armstrong, Eastman Kodak Company Vern W. Aubei, Safety Div , Syracuse Chamber of Commerce L I Banasii. Past President D A, Barrett, Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp Leo II! IIeaui.ac, Blackstonc Valley Safety Council Ernest W Bfck, United States Riililxr Co. ('. W BER(.ytiisT, I'ast President E I', lit ark, Jones Si i.anghlin Steel Corp H. W. Bor.iiE.ss, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co. H E Bolt, South Bend Civic Safety Council S OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Confirmed OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued t U llolHH, WiM-itilsm Public Srivirc 1 m|` ) 1 Itovim, Aiitomnhvr and Marliinc Shop Stcium P W Hhai'N, ASSK Kngmeeniig Section l-.sM'ii A Hhoi*mv, F.hiaheth Safety ( ounol ) S Hkown. Standard Accident Insurance In I' N Hiishnm i , t Vmcnt Section \\ \\ ( AMtH'iN, National Safety ('mint if A D ("amprFM, Mining Section I ( ( ampri-i t, *f tie Kopper* Coal ( o K'om wi W ( amiwii, I'am President K'wmond A l Aki v, Kvanston Safety Count d Ray ( arnkv, Kenosha Safety ( omicil Rohi-kt [ OtfiN, Aetna Casualty Si Surely Co ! > H ('hamt, Paper and Pulp Section Wm M Cj ark. St Joseph Safety Council Kfnnmm n Coiman, Seattle Traffic 8; Safety i mmol [ 1 t ijm ini- y, Belhlrhem Steel ( o t.iwis A Df.HuMs, Past President C \V Dkmpfsy, 1 he I kiiikI ( arlxmic t orp Mir ruN W 1 >nai*7rnsky, Hast Hay Safety Council ( R Dumpy, Socony-Vacuum Oil Co Inc Iamk H Don.,i as The Philadelphia fias Works t o Mahmis A Dow. Past President Hanoi i> F, I'.niows, American National Red C ross D D PknnM . Past President 1 toNAi m A Finkhmnfk, Toledo Safety Couocd D IIakt K Fisiuk, Chicago Rapid Transit Co. VinoK H Fitzpatrick, Richmond Safety C ouncil Howaho H hoNHA, Hurrotighs Wellcome Si Co (PSA) !m\ Wm H I okssth, Superior Si Dmtgla* ('utility Safety < mine*! Annum C Fy, Worcester Safety Council hniN H (imsoN. Western F.lectric Co l.sii H (iifr, Peoria Association of Commcrcr Safety (oumi! RANnniPH 1. (iii man, Rahway Safety ('mined W A Crifun, American Telephone Si Telegraph C o. H I Griffith, Metals Section K 1* (irovf.h, ( olumhcis Si Southern Ohio Kleelfie ( o Harry Guiinnu, The Pullman Company f> T Harkinoion, P S Bureau of Mines 1'nank H Harrison, International Harvester Co Ci T Hm miirn, Chicago Rapid d'ransit C o K I. IUnry. Steam Railroad Section l C IBkiuhi, t -n ater Cos Angeles Safety Council ( 'has. K. I In *, New York Central System Uamoii. ( IIhiiman \ himiployment t ompenv.itm'1 New JrtMA ' ( oimiiisMim, Ihi'i Hot! \mo. Bahituore Safety Conned 1 Anmniw Hoiir'i. ('luld Kducation Section S H. Hokum i, The Caiey Salt Co Major Norman A Imru. Safety Council of Columbus ( hamler of (j Mknkk K .1 At kW>N, Employees' I'iiIiIk ill loll Sect mil W. Floyu Jai Knon, Delaware Safely Council Wm F James. Philadelphia Safely Council Jasper IV Johnson, Madison County Safely Conned T. B. Johnson, Commercial Vcliiclc Section Frank I. Jones, Greater New York Safely Conned Thomas P Kf.arns. Ohio Industrial Commission Ralph O. Keefer, Chemical Section H. IT. Kei.i.y, U S Interstate Commerce Commission Walter (i. Kino, Past President Wm. C. Knoeik, Mdwaukee Safely Commission Wm. S. Knuiisfn, Detroit Industrial Safely Council Otto C. Kuhrt, Greater Springfield Safety Council C. L. I.aFountaine, Great Northern Railway C o Roy Lee, Contra Costa County Safely Council Arnold Lockerry, Grand Rapids Safety Council John E. Long. Past President Thos. H. MalI Jonai.ii, Federal Puhlic Roads Administration Hon Arthur W. Maoff., New Jersey C ommissioner of Motor Ve hicles Dennis J. Mai.lv, Safety Bureau, Buffalo Cliainher of Commerce R. A. McArthur, Public Service Coordinated Transport H. N. McClellan, Berkeley Traffic Safety Commission Dr. Mii.i.fr McCi.intock. Yale University David I. Millar, St Louis Safety Council I. W. Mil.i.ard, Industrial Gloves Company Harold L. Miner, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co Harry S. Moonv, Rochester Safety Council R. B. Moriey, Industrial Accident Prevention Associations R. W. Morse. Kuhhcr Section C. L. Murray, Mason City-Cerro Gordo County Safely C ouncil Hon EiIOT Ness, Director of Puhlic Safety, Cleveland C JL Nohmann, Petroleum Section E J. O'Brien, Jr., Louisville Safety Council George C. A. Ofp, The Detroit Edison Company Walter S. Paine, Aetna Life & Affiliated Companies Lew R. Palmf.r, Past President Davui A. Patton, Newark Safety Council C K. Peacock. Chattanooga Safety Council Charles W. IYnihick, Safely Division, Milwaukee Association of Commerce C E. PrrmioNF, Past President IV (). Pit karp. Marine Section Iiiik.f Harry 11 Porter, Street & Highway Traffic Section II A. Ptolemy, Puhlic Utilities Section A A. Rail, Refrigeration Section At BERT S Kfoui a, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc R I Rfu.fi.uth, C onst ruction Section I t Cot. Hfnrv A Reninger, Past President Marinus Kiter, Paterson Safely Council 1*. A Rorerts, Textile Section 7 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued A V Ki.hwh.fr. Hull.till. Mosahr A I mu Range Ky Go < } Sanford, < cuer.il F.lectnc ( 'on.pany Hfnhy (. N.iiaffnfr, Meat Packing, Tanning St Feather Industries Sri turn M'*hv K St mf akk. Kansas City Safety Council Gharifs II Scott, Past President Far. S Shartzfr, l'lira Safety Council Frank T Shffts, Portland Cement Association Gfn John H Siurrornf, Massachusetts Safety ( omml Ur I A Snniniv. Bethlehem Steel Company F.rnfst 1, SiMONtis, New Haven Safety Council Airii fit Skinnfr, Safety Dept., Nashville Chamber of Connm rn Cari I. Smith, Cleveland Safety Council ( K Smith, American Air Fines, Inc R T Sot tnstfn, Klliott Service Com..-.., I.fsiif [ Sorfnson. City Traffic Engineer, Chicago K ( Strinc. Philadelphia, Fa Cot John Stiiwfm, Consolidated Edison Company of N Y Im Fomi nii C Stonf, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council John M. Svi.vf.stfh, Fehigh Valley Safety Council Arthur M. Toof, Consulting Marine Engineer C. P Tot m an. Past President Gforc.f G Travfr, Greater Chicago Safety Council Hr B I. Vosruroh, General Electric Company Hr C. IF Watson, Past President Erfu A. Wfrb, Food Section G Wisf Wfscott, Safety Dept. Automobile Club of Rhode Island T Anoi in Wiiitf, Safety Hiv , Birmingham Chamber of Commerce S E Whitinc,, Fiherty Mutual Insurance Co A W Whitnfv, National Conservation Bureau I ( Wit son. Wood Products Section A N WootntFAii, All.atiy Safety Council W E Worth. International Harvester Co. R V Wrii.iit, Railway Age Ariiior H. Ynt.Ni;, Past President I' I /suit. Safety Bureau, Duluth ( liamhrt of Commerce M R /i.i.fr, Power Press Section 8 Council Purposes and Program The National Safely Council is a non profit, cooperative association whose ol.jer live is the elimination of accidents I o achieve this objective the Council advocates the following program of safety activities: F CREATING INTEREST IN SAFE TY. People will try to prevent accidents only when they are convinced of three things: (a) that accidents are really a seri ous problem, threatening personal happiness, industrial efficiency and economic security; (b) that accidents don't ")ust happen," but that each one has definite, ascertainable causes; (c) that accidents can be prevented The basic requirement in a national safety program, therefore, is a dramatic and ef fective presentation of these farts to more and more people. 2. FINDING ACCIDENT CAUSES Accident causes are not the same in any two plants, in any two cities, in any two schools. They are not the same from one time to another. Every industrial plant, every city, every school and every other public or private organization, therefore, must study the causes of accidents in its own group, so that prevention efforts al ways will I>t directed at the things really responsible for accidents. i, MAINTAINING INTEREST IN SAFETY, People retain interest in veryfew things of which they are not contin uously reminded. Therefore, it is the task of the newspaper, the radio, the magazine, the school, the public speaker and every other educational influence to keep remind ing the worker, the driver, the pedestrian, the housewife and the school child that freedom from accidents depends on personal caution, anil that the safe way is the right way and the liest way--from the standpoint not only of human satisfaction, hut of social efficiency and economy 4. ENGINEERING. IMPROVEMENT. Matty accidents occur Itccattsc equipment is faulty. The punch press is unguarded, the automobile brakes arc worn, the stairway is crudely built, the pr.qxller is defective, the stop sign is obscured. The avoidance of accidents therefore, requires that safety he built into every piece of machinery, every home, every school building, every high way. We must insist that the things we buy- whether a stepladder or a stop sign, a hand saw or a blast furnace--be safe things. And we must be willing if necessary to pay a higher price because of this built itt safety factor, realizing that it is true economy to do so 5. TRAINING FOR SAFETY. Many accidents occur because the injured person or some other person acts in an unsafe manner. This unsafe art often is com mitted because the person involved never has been taught how to do the job in the safe way Therefore, boys and girls, men and women, must lie taught how to work, how to drive, how to cross the street, how to live safely. This teaching and training is a joint responsibility of industry, of schools arid colleges, of gov ernmental groups and of parents in the home. 6. SUPERVISION FOR SAFETY. Many who know well the safe method of performing an act nevertheless are involved in accidents because, due to hurry, fatigue, thoughtlessness or some other reason, they do not perform the act in what they know is the safe way. Therefore, we need good foremen in industry, alert patrol boys in our schools, diligent police officers on our streets, thoughtful parents in our homes. These, through wise guidance of those under their supervision, can greatly minimize the chances of accident 7. LEGISLATION FOR SAFETY, Avoidance of accidents requires the adop tion and scientific enforcement of sound leg islation--legislation on traffic, on industrial matters, on public transportation, on home construction and maintenance, and on many items of personal conduct Such legislation provides a standard to which a large ma jority of people are witling to conform and lints five together harmoniously and safely. It also provides a basis for requiring the ronlormity of a small minority, who would not otherwise he willing to submerge their personal desires, for the sake of safety in the entire group. R SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY. Lead ership in every walk of life should involve leadership in safety. Those who administer - IK :,vr/i Nation! s.m./v *n rn|<mr >.*** S'? Mini down fiiiifcsy. *n )>at inziot repairs vHrctrt!. am! placed hack in epcfatum aK^m, will* no aj|'r<' table (hlifimrr m llie airplane's flying ability. And rngiiif failures account for 17 |f> j>er rent of fatal airline accident*. Large aircraft, too. are flown with a whrrt the facilities were built into the design of the original aircraft--are infer porated in the technique of international <ucr-water flying They are basic to a record of 171.871,000 over-water passen ger miles, without a fatal accident in flight The safety record of transoceanic and different technique. The flight deck on the trans <<ean clippers, for instance, is the same sue as the passenger cabin on the transcontinental air transport did not just grow It is the result of deliberate effort, of painstaking care, of endless research largest of our present land transports. and test. Air travel, as we know it today, This flight deck is reserved for the flight is purely a concept of this generation. It crew Instead of the usual pilot-copilot ronihttiaiinn. these clippers are flown by has had to make its way, from the start, in competition with the matured safety a crew of five primary flight officers-- records of the older forms of transport. It with five reserve officers--tinder the direct has had to struggle with the principles of command of a captain who graduated to increased danger inherent in any type of this position of trust and of responsibility high-speed travel--and we have the fast through a minimum of seven years of est ever known to man. But, because of study and training Under the captain, these very reasons, more effort has been the primary flight functions normally ban died by the pilot-copilot are divided into separate flight stations--administration, piloting, navigation, radio communication, engineering. Hacb of these posts is maimed hy a specialist, trained for Shat particular task These flight officers stand watch and are relieved at regular periods, and teturn to their own living quarter- aboard -hip continuously and forcefully exerted to raise tine standard of airline safety than that lavished in any similar period of de velopment on any other means of trans port. Tins extraordinary effort has not come alone from within the industry itself. The encouraging results are, in a real measure, flue to the tireless cooperation which the air transport industry has received from Though years of training, of study and outside agencies such as the National Ad actual experience, these multiple crews visory Committee for Aeronautics, otir function as one man and make possible. < government** great research organiza h>r the hr*t time in long distance trans tion. ami the Civil Aeronautics Authority, port air<raft. the achievement of scion whose diligent efforts to effect greater tdu flight conduct a system which, un iirliuc safety stand out as a signal achieve der the <n>mmaud of the ( aptain. provide*- ment ,4 their first fail year in office. In for a triple check on all prinmn factors, fact, all having to do with aviation have uhich lessens strain without lessening re shared in the early recognition, hy the air * pf uisihdit v. which n*- designed to effect transport industry, of its responsibility the highest attainable level of personal toward the public in the matter of safety tin inn And personnel error- aecmmt These combined elements all continue a* lor nrjflv Ul prr rmt of fatal airline arei 0 live as ever today in their common goat <p nt 1 h**r support offers th<* promising postt* w tae **r -/ w ' ' **< ' * * -* **tcan eventually be " form '-i travel kv* H the hr *f <m- the- mtnt. m r^ni< *1qpfv .(/)./()f'7CVA//- /Y7' American Society of Safety Engineers--Engineering Section Officers 1938-1939 Genera/ Chairman--H. E. Donovan. Standard Oil Co of California, San Francisco, Calif Ifice-Chtsirman-- F. W. Braun, Employers Mutuals. Wausau. Wis. yice-Chairman-- H. J Griffith, Jones & l.aiiglilin Steel Corp.. Pittsburgh, Pa Secretary--W. Dean Keefer. National Safety Council, Inc, Chicago, III Members at 1-arge-- George J. Adams, International Paper Co. Glens Falls. N. Y CyRH. Ainsworth. American Standards Association, New York, N Y. j. I. Banasii, Consulting Engineer, Chicago, III E. W. Beck, United States Rubber Co , New York, N Y. R. A. Beyer. Central Tube Co., Amhridge. Pa (Western Pennsylvania Safety Council Chapter) *C. B Boui.et, Wisconsin Public .Service Corp., Milwaukee, Wis. E, W. Btii t AR!>, E !> Bullard Co , San Francisco, Calif. (San Francisco Chapter) Chari.ks I) Eakiin, Consolidated Edison Co of N Y, Mew York, N Y. (Metropol itan Chapter) Roy M Godwin, Philadelphia Electric Co, Philadelphia. Pa (Philadelphia Chapter) *R. McA. Keown, Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Everett F. Kino, l.ever Brothers Co, Cambridge, Mass (Boston Chapter) Robert C. Ledbetter, Texas Employers Insurance Association, lYallas, Texas. (.South west Chapter) Thomas E. Lichtfoot, The Koppers Coal Co. Pittsburgh. Pa *M. G. I.t.ovn, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, I). C j. E. Long, The Delaware At Hudson Railroad Corp., Albany, N. Y. H. L. Miner, E. I dti Pont de Nemours At Co.. Wilmington, Del. J. T. O'Brien, Jersey Central Power A Fight Co.. A slimy Park, N J (New Jersey Chapter) W. S. Paine, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., Hartford, Conn. A. S. Recui.a, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc . New York. N. Y. A. V. RoilweoeR, Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway Co, Duluth, Minn D. L. Royer, Ocean Accident At Guarantee Corp, New York, N. Y. G E Sanford, General F.leclric Co, Schenectady, N. Y. J. S. Shaw, Hercules Powder Co, Wilmington, Del *C. W. Smith, Standard Oil Co. find >, Chicago, )|) *H. S. Smith, Union Carbide At Carbon Corp , New York. N Y. *R. F. Thai ner, Rnick Motor Co . I lint. Mich S. E. Whiting. Filierly Mutual Insurance Co., Bosion, Mass Pmiijf Wmi'Hs, E F do Pool do Nemours & Co., Buffalo, N. Y. (Niagara Frontier Chapter) , William P. Yant, Mine Safely Aindianees Co., Pittsburgh, Pa Put CHftirnian Officers 1939-1940 Cement Chairman---b- W. Braun, F'mployers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis. fkt-Ckairman--H J Griffith, Jones At Laughlin Steel Corp , Pittsburgh, Pa. 239 J4H JSlh Null,null Silli ly ( mujn-s I'l if ( hiii r m,i n W <1J t Miimmiun, Hydro F.lertrir Power Commission, Toronlu. Out.. < anada Snrrt.iry \V IHan Khhk, National Safety Council, Inc . Chicago, 111 Mrmlun til l.ariir < ... I. Aha Ms, International Paper Co, Glens Falls. N. Y. (Yuli Ainsworih. American Standards Association, New York, N Y *1 I B an.ash. ( onsulting Engineer, Chicago, I'd K W Hr k. 1 lulled States Rubber Co. New York. N. Y. H R IVixi fn, I'nion Carbide t o , New York. N Y. *C It Until n, Wisconsin Public Service Corp , Milwaukee. Wis. K W Ittn i ako p. I) Bullard Co. San Prarnrisco, Calif. (San Francisco Chapter ) I.IOHI.I M II| NS. Kansas Cit> Safely Council. Kansas City, M<> (Kansas City Chap ter ) I'siM | ( OSIKIIV. 11(0011 Carlnde Co. Niagara Fall'. N. Y (Niagara Frontier Chap in Inns R I toNoi.tiiit. I'lltshurgh dale (.lass Co, Creiglilon, Pa (Western Pennsyl vama Safety Councif Chapter ) *R P. I IonovaSI. Standard Oil Co of California, San Francisco. Calif I A Downfv. Jr, Sloss Sheffield Steel Sr Iron Co, Birmingham, Ala. (Alabama Chapter.) Chari is |> I ami in, Consolidated Edison Co of N. Y, New York. N. Y (Metropoli tan Chapter ) II !' (ill but. American ( sanamid Co , l.inden, N J (New Jersey Chapter ) Roy M CaitiwrN. Philadelphia H.lectric Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (Philadelphia Chapter ) ( I. ffn.ttTmvFR, Ignited Cas Pipe l.me Co., Houston. Texas (Gulf Coast Chapter.) *R M< A Kfown. Industrial! Commission of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. F.vfRFrr I'. Kino, I.ever Brothers Co, Cambridge, Mass (Plosion ( hapter.) Thomas F I iohtfoot, The Koppers Coal Co, Pittshtirgh, Pa *M C. I.ion. National Bureau of Standards, Washington, I > C. I F Ijim;. The IVIaware & Hudson Railroad Corp, Albany, N. Y W S I'aini, Aetna Casualty Sc Surety Co., ffartford, Conn, * A S Rir.ui a. Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc , New York, N Y A V Kiiimmn, Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway Co , Dulnlh. Minn. It I Royfm, Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corp, New York. N. V *! P Sanhimii, General Flectrir Co., Schenectady, N. Y I S Shaw, Hercules Powder Co. Wilmington, Del. *C W Smith, Standard Oil Co (Ind ), Chicago, III II S Smith. Union Carbide Co . New York, N Y R F Thaish, Buick Motor Co, Flint, Mich C W Van Wa.-onim, Trader- Sc (icneral Insurance Co, I tallas, Texas (Southwest Chapter.) *S p. WhiTinii, l.ihertv Mutual liisutameCo. Boston. Ma" Wn t i.am P. Yant, Muir Safety Appliances Co Pittsburgh, Pa -P..I Crner.l (T.lrmn. WEDNESDAY LUNCHEON SESSION October 18, 1939 The Annual Meeting of the A.S.S.K.Engineering Section of the National Safety Council followed a luncheon held in the Renaissance Room of the Ambassa dor Hotel. General Chairman K. F.. Dono van. Chief Safety Engineer, Standard Oil Company of California, San Francisco, Calif , presided Mimeographed copies of A S S.I'. /:ngtneernu; Sttlwn 2 all committee reports were distributed to the assembled delegates. The report of the Nominating Commit tee was presented by C. B, Boulet, Chair man. Other members of the Nominating Committee were D. L. Royer, A S. Regula, S. . Whiting, and C, W. Smith A list of names of the men elected to various positions, as recommended by the No inating Committee, may be found in t section of the C ongress Transactions. After the regular business of the me ing was concluded, General Chairman E. Donovan introtloced the speaker for t occasion, Mr C A McCune whose addr follows Detection of Flaws in Steel and Steel Parts ByC. A. McCUME Secretary, Mifmflu Corporation, New York City From the standpoint of safety our chief concern is proving that important parts are free from physical defects or flaws of the type that might cause failure. In any discussion of flaws or their detec tion, consideration must be given to the conditions surrounding the part under tests; i.e., whether it is a newly made part or one in service. In new parts defects may exist in the metal itself in the form of laps, seams, laminations or slag. On the other hand metal free from such imperfections cam read ily be ruined by improper forging, machin ing, grinding, heat treating and other )X>sjible manufacturing operations. These defects may readily be discovered in the mill or plant and it is, therefore, easy to prevent such parts from getting into service. Used parts present a different aspect; the type of defect usually suspected is a sepa ration of the surface, or one extending from the surface well down in the body of the metal, commonly termed a crack. This crack may be of such an incipient nature as to defy detection by eye or by means of a high powered glass or by any of the ordinary methods of inspection. This it a most dangerous type of defect because ii such a part is permitted to remain in itrvice, failure is likely to result. Cracks in used parts are usually attributed to faulty design or poor workmanship. They tre more likely the result of excessive and unanticipated stresses. It is a known fact that any separation of fie metallic body is considered a stress niter and, regardless of depth, it takes little from Ihe point of excess stress or in com bination with a vibratory stress to courage these to assume relatively lai proportions. Where overstress is not a factor, fatig cracks developed in service may be the suit of sharp fillets, grooves Irom mach ing operations or accidental notches due improper handling. One noted authority concluded that th' was nothing remarkable as to why <;ra> formed at such locations, the mystery what delayed them The useful fatigue strength of otherw sound metal is limited to these vari< forms of conditions which produce so-cal stress raisers. Despite the great advance in engineer design and metallurgical developments steel and improved production method* directed toward the construction of wl might be termed failure proof equipim there are so many unpredictable factors tl periodic inspection of stressed parts in se ice is essential All parts found to contain shallow cra< need not be scrapped, as in a great major of cases, particularly on heavy sections, t crack can be removed by dressing down t surface of the metal to a point Mow win the crack extends, then retesting to inst that the crack has been removed. Repa ran also lie made by welding and the f ished weld lie just as easily inspected. We found to contain cracks ran he chipped o re'wetded and retested. The starting of a crack is the origin a very sharp notch It is the sharpness this notch and not the reduction of area the metallic body which causes progress failure Therefore, to insure safety tl Automotive and Machine Shop Section Officers 1938-1939 i,,'it,-nil C hairman- YV. A. Bfchu.i, Chrysler Corp, DeSoto Div , Detroit, Midi t'ice-L'hairman_J C Howfh, Westinghmise Electric R Manufacturing Co, East Pitts burgh, Pa Vice-Chairman- I. < Sfaton, Ceucral Motors Corp, Detroit, Midi. Secretary__L B Loomis, Tern-tedt Manufacturing Div. (General Motors Corp, I Detroit, Mich. _. Neiv< Letter h.ditor--W H Mahsmai i, Yellow 'I ruck R loach 1 , Pontiac. Midi. F.ngineering Committee C hairman -- * R A Shaw, Murray ( *rp of America, Detroit, Mich . Health t ammittee ( 'hairman- Dr A I. Hhooks, Fisher Body Detroit Div , Deneral Motors Corp., Detroit. Mich. Mewhrr.rhif Cowmillcc ( ' hair man- -\N. H F* atf*,, 1 addlac Motor Car Co. Detroit, Mich Vaster Committee Chairman--\.. C Kohlrtn, Nash Kelvinator Corp , Detroit. Midi. Program Committee Chairman--V l Tkottfr, Plymouth t>iv . Chrysler Corp , Detroit, Midi. Publicity Committee Chairman--H. A, ZaciiaIu, Henry Vogt Machine Co , Louisville. Ky Statistics Committee Chairman- C Y\ Bishop, l.yrumiug Manufacturing Co. Williams port, Pa Members at /.urge-- ... . L. E. Avfkiu , Chicago Eye Shield C o.. lVtroit, Midi *M A. Ci akk, V. S. KuMier Products, Inc , Detroit. Mich. Hoyt L. Krachf.r, Detroit Steel Products Co., Detroit, Mich *(i. A. KuFCHFNMFisTEg, l>omiuion Forge R Stamping Co., Walkerville, Ont , Canada. *M. J McCarthy, Fisher Body Detroit Div , (icneral Motors Corp , Detroit, Mich. *H L Sain, Industrial Commission of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio Caw. L. Stohck, Delco Products Div., General Motors Corp. Dayton, Ohio K F. Thai nkh. Buick Motor Co., Flint, Mich C T. Winrua*, Chrysler Corp . Detroit, Mich. *P%t tirnrrs! Chairman Officers 1939-1940 Omerat ( frdirnnm--J. C. Uownt, Westiuglumse Electric R Manufacturing Co . F.ast Pittshargh, Pa. fki-Chairman -C. C* Seaton, (icneral Motors Corp. Detroit. Mich imeiary--V. 1. Truitfh, Plymouth Div., Chrysler Corp , Detroit, Mich. Mem Letter Committee--V. H Coupe* (C hairman), Chrysler C orp., Detroit. Mich W, T. BucKFRiriGE. Nash-Kelvinator Corp., Detroit, Mich V/. H. Marshau., Yellow Truck & Coach Co., Pontiac, Mich, tgRHrrmr/ Committer--Davh* Mourn (Chairman), General Motors Corp., Detroit, Midi. R H. Bo?.fm., Whitehead & Kales, Ecorse, Mich R. A. Shaw, Murray Corp. of America, Detroit, Mich luff! Committee-- Da. A. L. Brooks (Chairman). Fisher Body Detroit Div . (icneral Motors Corp., Detroit. Mich. l)i. John YV Hu rf.rt. The Studehaker Corp . South Bend, hid Ol. S F. Mfyk. Chrysler Corp, Detroit, Mich 245 2-u> JStii \ah<>!i(i} SnDM < . tUtif M<iic/um.- .S/mi/1 Set turn 247 ( ommiltec-F. H Loomis (i hairnnm). Tnm'.tcdt Mami lacturitiR Div, < n rrai Mufoo Detroit, MhI. /*t*< t%'t e itmmitief- !. (\ Roiifrs (Oimruum), Nah-K<>lvinalnr Corp , Detroit. Mich f !tu vMo M *Nn*tYf Truvon Sit-el ( o , YiMing'lowii, Ohio. M i km'mi Nh \ k. A ( Spark l*iug I Nv , Genera! Motors Corp., Flint, Mich /*rvt/rrm ( ymmt/E.v ( F. VVmoi in'Mi {(liatrtinm). Ilmi k Motor Div, General Motor ( orp , Mint. Mtch l'. W fhsHor, f .vcontmg Manufacturing <u . Williamsport, Pa (' li ('ohnfii. < hryslfr ( orp, Detroit, Mich P*h/uify Committee H A. Zachari (Chairman/, Henry Vogt Machine Cn , I Hr. k\ r, V FWsfR. Klk Tanning Co, Kill* way. Pa Rowrt H Ekwom>, Hutht Wheel Co, Detroit, Mich SMfii/iVr ('ommtfffe- ( Kcah Iohman (Chairman), Chrysler Corp., JefTcrion Plant, Detroit. Mu h < .Hiho Staki (ng, I tarrison Radiator Corp . I ock(wrL N. Y. Afrmherr nr Fir,/.*1. K Avfrii 1^ Chicago Eye Shield Co , Detroit, Mich. *W. A lUcoiu , Chrysler Corp , De Soto Div , Detroit, Midi. *M A. Ct.ARK, U S Rubber Co, Detroit,, Mich. *Hovr F. Fraoier, Detroit Steel Products Detroit, Mich. *G A Kufchfnmfjstfr, Dominion Forge & Stamping Co,, Walkerville, Ont,, Canada *M. j. McCarthy, Fisher Body Detroit Div., Genera! Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich *H. F Sain, Industrial Commission of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio. *Cari F Storck, Delco Products Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio R. F. Thai nfr, Hoick Motor Div.. General Motors Corp. Flint, Mich *C T Winfgar, Chrysler Corp. Detroit, Mich TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17, 1939 1 Ur first session of the Automotive and Marliine Shop Section was called to order hv Vice-Chairman John 0 Bower, Westingliou^e Klectric and Manufacturing Coinpam Hast Pittsburgh, Pa. who presided After itrocreding with the formal electio* of officers for the current year, a list of these being given above, the Chairman in troduced I fie first speaker on the scheduled program General Machine Shop Hazards and Their Correction By HARRY L. SAIN Special Representative^ Division of Safety and Hygiene, Industrial Commission of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio SnppoM* 1 weir to tell yon that a fearful catastrophe h;is befallen Aslmry Park, that beautiful huh* city on the coast of New lersrx Suppose f were to tell you that of the I 1.891 inhabitant* of this community, ml\ HK7 ianic through the calamity tm s tiltvd Suppose 1 were to tell you that one of the unbridled forces of nature Mi caused death to 11 people, ptrmantafc disabled 50 others, put 1,168 in the hospfc tab and slightly injured 8,390 of the ft* mairtmg inhabitants. It is needless to say you would be rstrd Yet at the risk of hieing detmti heartless and unsympathetic, I ask you-- Why should we lie disturbed by the causes nr tlie aftermath of a catastrophe with only 9,619 casualties, including a little tinny like II lives sacrificed and 50 people mamu-d for life? Are wc really concerned about such things ? It certainly should not deeply interest the machine shop owners and employees in Ohio, because the figures I have been quoting represent the toll levied against machine shop employees of the State of Ohio in 1938, and if anylxidy ha* been distressed ahout it no one has brought it very vividly to my mention. As a matter of fact, none of us his given more than a passing thought to this casualty list that has grown up in your own ranks within the space of one year. The point is just this. We are all too none to be impressed by the circumttsmets surrounding death and injury, ather than by the fact of death and injury md the tremendous influence these accidents aert upon productive capacity, economic Sandards and the lives and happiness of wr industrial workers. (g) I'hysiral or mental defect (h) l ark of knowledge or skill fi> Wrong attitude. ti) Selection, direction and proper training of the workers. It may seem silly for me to enumerate iliesc causes; you know them well. You have heard them year after year and have said, "fill well, it's the same old story." So you go hack home and do nothing about it. You know the trouble is not with the problem, it is with yon and me. If you ask a four year old hoy, "Wliat is the sum of 2 and 2? ' and he tells you he does not know, the trouble is not with the problem, it is with the hoy He has not acquired sufficient knowledge I have given you the six main causes of accidents in the machine shops of Ohio. However, the second part of the subject assigned to me, "Their Correction" is appar ently where we all fail. To sum this cor rection problem up in a few words, I might say, as Huxley once said: "Knowledge is not the main objective in life; it is, action we need." Causes A Psychological Problem Our statistical rerords show that machine hop accidents, in the majority, year after gar have the same six causes. Accidents n like fashions; some fashions go on year after year. What arc the causes of machine 4p accidents in Ohio? I Machinery ........................... 4,483 accidents 1 Handling Objects ............ 1,183 accidents IHand Tools ....................... 894 accidents t Flying Particles................ 820 accidents i Stepping upon or Strik ing against Objects.... 741 accidents 4 Falls of Persons.............. 449 accidents Ted number of days lost. 117,407 fo cent of days lost by the n major causes.............. 89.1 Tbcse causes are closely related to other 4itf causes, namely. Faulty Environment i Faulty Human Behavior. These two Ms can be further subdivided into me- AMnl and personal causes such as- R Improper guarding. R Effective substances and equipment M Hatardous arrangement of machinery, tools and equipment. R Improper and poor illumination II Improper clothing or apparel. IIImproper healing and ventilation While accident prevention effort is de signed primarily to protect the physical welfare of the worker and cannot he too heavily emphasized in our safety work, there is, however, an important economic angle that should not be overlooked One of the problems confronting safety agencies is just how to place their finger upon definite proof that lives and money have hecn saved by their activities We who are constantly engaged in the work of gathering and analyzing accident statistics know that there is a. certain fluc tuation in accident trends. In some measure this is unaccountable, but if the records are given close scrutiny I believe you will find that epidemics of accidents can be easily traced to two sottrrrs; lark of safety methods, anil a laxity in safe practices. Ton often, both industrial groups and in dividual concerns that take up accident pre vention work are too easily disheartened by seeming futility of their efforts. They seem to expect that an adverse accident ex perience accumulated over a period of years can be wiped out by a few months of effort when, a* a matter of fact, it is a long, uphill <-hmh To meet this long climb, it 2% 2Kth National \u/Wv < oiufress !r*r The gaiohnt had fapiUrd m-rr tht* *jnt lu ought home to him by his company's safety welder and horned h*m fatally activity *hii he didn't stop with advance There are two mstan.es of lark of fore Hanning on his own work but even carried thought m this accident the first being that n * 4n outsider. the seriousness of fmrseplay had not been properly brought home to the workmen; and secondly, lack of forethought by the person who had placed Msme gasoline in this fire pad ami then left ! around loose dr rent A a large plant had occasion to have a wall painted and hired an outside concern to do the ,>h It was only a oneman job and {tc, he trad ,t, Up * hanging sciffold and was about to start work, a foreman of this plant who had watched him In oonclusion--fhe main tool needed in advanced planning is our imagination. On our regular production line work where the operations are of a repetitive nature, get off tn a corner somewhere for a half hour or an ,lour **chl we*'t an<1 watch, study, and analyze the actions and the way particular operation* are performed by your employees, You may be astounded at the number of improvements which can simplify the pro `luction operations and tend to eliminate acci- pnrely out of personal curiosity, asked him <,rnt" wtlich* *f,tr *" arc mcre,y "t whether he had a safety licit to use while on Krowths of inefficiency, the scaffold The man replied "Mo," TheThis advanced planning is the thinking foreman then offered to let him use one through of the job details before the job is which they had m the plant if the man cared started, making sure that (he probable acci* *o The repair man said he would like to dent hazards or incorrect ways of doing the use it and he did. Within five minutes from job are recognized and corrected accord- the time he got up nil the scaffold, something ingly, happened to came the scaffold to fail and down .1 came The man. however, was saved from a AS foot fall by the safety belt. The correction phase of advance planning j, hest accomplished by personal contact between worker and boss. Make your plans of Certainly here was advanced planning, educating and training more on the individ* Here was a foreman who had been trained nal and informal basis of mao-to-man di*~ to do a thinking job on each job. In fact cushions about the right way of doing the This lob of Safety" had been so well specific job, ADJOURNMENT Cement and Quarry Section Officers 1938-1939 Central ( hmrnunt- I ni i> B Muni, Ucwey Portland (emenl Co, I >avrnpnrl, lima Vue-Chatrman I' N Hmminmi. Missouri Portland Cement Co, Si font-. Mo Miff-Chairman- Tn. As n, I........ Star Cement Corp. New York, N V Seerelary--A. J If I mens, Porlhmd ( emeiif Assn., ( Imam*, HI News Letter Editor-- Isr k Demisiek, Canada Crinein Co, I.id, Monireal, I' Q., Canada I'.tiQineerintt Committer i hairwan--Wm M*im i mi, f-one Slar ( emenl ( orp., I I,ilia-., Texas lln/hlvay Cnmmillee < 'hairman- M. A. Koehian, Snufhw esiern Portland ( i-nnul Co , l.o> Anigeles, C alif Memhrrshif< Committee ( Innruinn *11 A Keninoen. Lehigh Porllaud Cement Co., Allen town, Pa foster Committer Chairman-- III J\ Yottkei, The (leiieral ( rushed Slone Co. Easton, I'a froyram Committer Chairman- W M Powtie, Medusa I'orilaml ( emenl C o, Cleveland, Ohio. fuhlicily Committee Chairman-- M. IV Ckker, Maripietle ( emenl Mamifaclnring Co, Cape Cirardcau, Mo. Statislies Committee Chairman--W. W Aiiams, U S Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C Members at Large-- V. P. Ahkarn, National Sand & Cravel Assn , Washington, I) C Wm. H. Hake*, J. E. Baker Co.. York, Pa K. I). J.akkv, Universal Allas Cement Co.. Chicago, III J. ft. Hovn, National Crushed Slone Assn , Inc., Washington. I> C *K. II. h'oRTtHN, Pennsylvania! >ixi<: Cement Corp, Na/arelh, Pa Alexander Poster, Jr.. Warner Co , Pliiladel|ihia, Pa O M Graves, The (ieneral Crushed Slone Co.. Kaslon, Pa E Posski.t, l.one Slar Crmem Corp., New York, N Y S.W. Staiieff.r, National Lime Assn, Washinglon, U C *F. E. Town, Medusa Portland Cement Co., Manitowoc, Wis A I,. Wortiien, The New llaven Trap Hock Co, New Haven, Conn J H Zook, Great Lakes Portland Cement Corp, Buffalo, N Y 'P (lenerat Ouiirman Officers 1939-1940 Cnetal Chairman--TV N. Busiineie, Missouri Portland Cement Co, Si Loins, Mo. HttCkairmnit--K A Dittmah, Universal Allas Cemenl Co, Hudson, N Y tkr-Cluiirman--*0. M. Chaves, The (ieneral Crusheil Stone Co., Kaslon, I'a. Sirrtlary-- A. J. R. Curtis, Portland (.'emenl Assn , (liiragn, III tem Letter Editor Jack |)kmi*sfkn, Canada Cement Co , Ltd.. Montreal, P. y.. Canada himemng Committer Chairman--*}. It. Zook, Creai Lakes Portland Omcnl Corn Buf falo, N. Y. ' tmbtrship Committee Chairman --A Keniniikr, Lehigh Portland Cement Co. ABtnlown, Pa. ' fc*r Committee Chairman -IS K Yotteh. The (.eneral Crushed Slone Co., F.aslort, K PWrify Committee Chairman- Havii* Anssi, Lawrence Portland Cement Co, Nortli- aaplnn, Pa. ' fcfaiifiW Committee Chairman W W Adams. U S Bureau of Mines. Washington, I). C. 257 (',-Hit-iil mill Omni V lloli ,i v ( min''''' J8H M<mIhl,l-riA,jv/ N1m.irii<. j,-I Vur t run in l . .1 (. . N,., , V.-ik. N 5 V!'V 1I'I IIlMUikiniu, , I I mI vnIl^akl eAr i(U I Yrimor-1k,,1 IC'a,,. NTM Voil. N V I l< Itnv n. National t rmlicd Morn- As<n , In.-, Washington, l> t K It InmniN. I'rmnK am.i lhx,c lenient (of,, , Na/ar.th, Pa Ait**Ni,m 1-o-iiK Ih, Warner ( ... t*l> tn.lolj.f>>. Pa P H Muni, I >, w . > Po.ilao.l ( c me,.i ( o. I >aven |,,w. S W' Siaiiium, National lame A'-mi, Washington, l> C *K 1- Town. Poiilan.l Cniir.it Co, Manitowoc. Win *A I. Woktii.n, Th,- Ww Haven Crap Pock Co, New Haven. Conn safety progress mad. tlinrmn llir lirst half. A inn.lrl activities s,h* tlillc fnr the tain paign was prepared! In (lie A* s.m lation's Arcidcul Prevention Hn rrau. am 1 was in Irntionallv made so fn II that .... hiic plan! could well folio" n In tl n Id lei 1 hr plan was such that aimms! an\ si/< pri'icram could Ik- selected h . mo 1 mdivn Inal n.nls A valuable feature was a m ru s . il safety cheek lists used l>> im iiiiIm is \ anMieks against which to measure fegua__r_rih_n__g and.t safe practices standards F.mpliasi- was placed on the 4 danger spots which have lieen found to contribute so mtirli to the severity of injuries. irutal po'ltlcin Ih.- solution win. h . irarhr.l lltoi irril reasonable U- expected to eugir measures It r.-11 into the can .,( I V..SMV. injurs seventy and siiggrs ilial sat. guarding measures and safr pi (ices ! sieppe.l up. with particular . plums tl,, clncf causes Tins was done m the scries of 2J pional c.it.li me.tinge held in strategic.: located cities all over tire United States attended by all hut a handful of plant i rcutivrs It was done by means of ' series of safety check lists prepared dun the June Campaign Additions and st gestions were included in the pages of I TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17, 1939 1 Pe opening session of (lie Cement and made a liriel report upon activities of (lie CJnarry Serlion was called to order ley P N. Section during (lie year, and then proceeded HiihIiucII, Missoni i Portland ( enient Com- with the election of olhcers, a list of whom pany, St loins, Mo, and V ice Chairman is given atmvr I lie Chairman then iutro- n( the Section, who pirsnled Mr llnshnell dneed the first speaker Severity You will recall that at last year's safety congress the results of an intensive study of injury severity were outlined. Declarer! to lie the most arresting fact and the big gest safety problem facing the cement in dustry was the disproportionately high severity of injuries compared with the ex perience of comparable heavy industries Over more than a quarter-century of or Monthly Accident K.miid Table and t monthly Clip Sheet of Safety Items of I terest (or use as discussion topics in pit safety meetings and in plant safety nev pa|>ers Surressivr issues of Accident Pi vention Magazine carried the story, series of posters slarring the cement i dnslry s safely niaseot, "Andy Seezit," fi llier emphasized Iheni at Campaign time Results Gratifying Analysis of Cement and Quarry Accident Experience ganizer! safety work the mintlier of acci dents i>rr million man hours was reduced 95 per rent lint reduction in severity of injuries has not kept pare What has hell the icsult? It is mu too eaily to evaluate properly the effect this piogram to reduce injury severity oth than to say that apparently we are on t By 1. F. LEGORE Safety Engineer, Portland Cement Association, Chicago I here seems to he no ipiestion that 1939 With operations continuing alrout 18 per will hr the safest year in cement industry cent above last year, the average of acci- history And thrrr is reason to Iiclieve that dents reported for 8 months had advanced the new low1 ai, nh ut freipteney rale will to 14, exactly the same as the average for keep ( ement in the position it has held for the first 8 months last year. This was for the past two years as the second safest 1.10 plants, however, rompared with 119 The study showed that for years over 90 per cent of otir industry's severity rale has lieen produced by the time charges for the three classes of injuries termed severe, namely, fatalities, permanent total and |ierntanent partial disabilities. Analysis of severe injuries reported during the past five years indicated that four top dangrr right track An estimated 42 per cent i diictiou in six months is no mean accoi plisliinenl ; for severity largely determin the cost of accidents In the first 8 months of 1938, 15 cemn men were killed or permanently injured contact with moving machinery, only o less than were seriously hurt by machin atimonoanlg S,at0fetiyndPulsimtriietds reporting to the Na1 he cement industry "put on the pres- sure'' during the first half with gratifying results, and saw the accident trend eon- plaGnrtesapterervinouulsl lyactivity appears not to have been responsible for the rising tide during the past two months, for August activity was only 3 5 per cent above production for mine Hie downward course which has tieen the Campaign month of June, according to uninterrupted since late in 1936 The acci- data from the U S. Rnreaii of Mines. And dent frequency rate, or score, for the first yet there were 80 per cent more accidents half of 1939 was 4 (X) per million manhours; in August ami September than there were spots in centcnt plants have contributed almost three-quarters of all fatalities and permanently crippling injuries. Last year the unusually large proportion of 90 per cent of such injuries were shown to he at tributable to the four danger s]>ots. These producers of excessive injury se verity arc: moving machinery, high places (falling men and objects), electricity, and in the entire 12 months of 1937. In t first 8 months of 1939, however, only cementmen were killed or permanent crippled by moving machinery Five mair ing machinery injuries have been avert, although acri.lents from 11 more ceme plants are represented in the data, and nn activity is 18 per cent above last year. In the 8-umuth period ended in Augus the severity rate was at the unprecedented in June. l1o3wpleerverel not f lo1 w4e2r Tthhains tfhrecipraictenryof ra4t6e1 wfaosr `Prewure,, W. A. pp.lie..d the year 1938; the seventy rate was 42 \'tr cent lower than last year s rate of 2 44. At the end of the third quarter the industry had slipper! a hit A new high for the year of 18 accidents was reported durmg Aligns!, and 19 injuries were reported in Neptrmlier. Most of you are familiar with the annual june. No-Acehtent Campaign sponsored by the Portland Cement Association, which has contributed so much to our industry's safety progress The 1939 Campaign covered the 3 month period, April, May and June, and was in a large measure responsible for railroad. Last year moving machinery was responsible for almost lialf of all deaths and permanent injuries High places acci dents contributed almost one-fourth of them, electricity one-tenth and railroad more than 7 per cent. The Committee on Accident Prevention and Insurance accepted the conclusion that each of the four danger spots represents six men have lieen injured seriously in fal ing from one level to another or bein struck by something falling upon thei from an upper level. This is one less sue an injury than last year. Two have bee killed in high places accidents whereas th lives of three were lost in the same perio previously. In the first eight months of last year tw Chemical Section Officers 1938-1939 General C/nrirtnint-- Km hi I. Hoc.ms. )k , Tennessee Kastman Corp, Kingsport, Tenn Cier Chairman in Charge of /`ruc/nn/i lUmi (> KttfH, Almimmm Co of Amer Pittsburgh. Pa. Secretary-- 1'. W, Dennis, Hooker Electrochemical Co. Niagara Falls, N. Y. p/rws Letter Editor--1< S. Mackif, (ieneral Electric Co, Nela Park, Cleveland, Ohio, Data Sheet Committee Chairman--S Warzai a, The Calco Chemical Co , Inc , Hoi Brook, N. J. Engineering Committee Chairman--I). S. McEachfrn, American Cyanamirl Co, N York, N. Y. Health Committee Chairman--*Dk Leonard Crffniuikc., New York Slate Dept, of Lai New York. N. Y. Membership Committee Chairman--C. E. Sfvrfns, Monsanto Chemical Co, Merrir Div., Everett, Mass. foster Committee Chairman--H H Btxt f.r, Union Carbide Co , New York, N. Y. fuhlicity Committee Chairman--S D Kirkpatrick, Chemical & Metallurgical Engine ing, New York. N Y. Safety Instruction Card Committee Chairman--F.. F. Kino, Lever Brothers Co, Q bridge. Mass. Statistics fir Contest Committee Chairman--R C Stratton. The Travelers Insurance ( Hartford, Conn. Members at Large-- A. L. Armstrong, Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, N. Y. 0. C. Cai.i.f.noar, Hiram Walker & Sons, Inc . Peoria, 111 John Dements, Michigan Alkali Co, Wyandotte, Mich S. W. Gurney, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co , Boston, Mass W L. Hammfrsi.fy, Electric Storage Battery Co., Philadelphia. l`a H P. Hfubner, The Flintkote Co., New York, N. Y F. W. Jurick, The Westvaco Chlorine Products Corp., Carteret, N. J *H. L. Miner, E, I. du Pont de Nemours & Co . Wilmington. Del John Roach, Deputy Commissioner of Labor, Jersey City, N J K. E Roof, Willard Storage Battery Co.. Cleveland, Ohio J S. Shaw, Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Del A L. Watson, Koppers United Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Pi.umfr Whf.fi.fr, American Cyanamid Co., Linden, N J *S. F.. WntTiNC., Liberty Mutual Insurance Co , Boston, Mass Ci.arf.ncf. Wita.F, Niagara Alkali Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y *Pt Onrral Chairman v-zuiuci 5 General Chairman--Rai.ph O. Kf.fff.r, Aluminum Co of America, Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-Chairman in Charge of Program--Stani fv Warzai a, The Calco Chemical Co., It Bound Brook, N. J. ' Secretary-- F. W. Dfnnis, Hooker Fdectrochemical Co, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Hews Letter Committee-- S W C.urnf.v (Chairman). Liherty Mutual Insurance Co., B< ton. Mass 273 27\ CSth Notional S n/i'lv ( \ I Aumvikon. . I aslm.m Kodak ( ... Ko< luster. N V l< S M m km. I .meal Hr. in.- ( n . Nela Park, ( leu land. I Mm.. I' V liihtN, I ! <lu I'nnt t\t Nemours & Co. lur . Wilmtuiiion. Del / n.jitt/'i rtmj ( omitutlr, I> S Mt K\( ihkN (( htitrtnan). Anirnran ( \anamnl (>, Nt w V-.rW. N Y I W ji'KiiK. I Im \\ rst vai- ( hloi mr I'riMlm is ( nr j> , < ai trri t, N I S F Wiiiiini, I iberty Mutual InMiramr < <> , Hos|nn, Mavv iKiiu SJieri ( I'iumim Wiihi m (( hatrmon), American (\anamnl (o, l.mrtrii, NJ ` S M Nh.(m, m tiN, Tin low Chcnmal Co. Mi<llan<l, Muh Health Committee Mm I.konaho <.hfinhuh<, (C hatrmnn), New York Stale Department of Cabor, New York, N Y J S Shaw, Hercules Powder Co., WilnniiKton, Del Membership Committee- C F Sfvkkns (Chairman), Monsanto ( hrnneal ( o, Morrunac Div . Kverrtt, Mass W I. Hammfmmi^, Ktcctnc Storage Hattciy Co., Philadelphia. Pa Caster Committee H H Hixiim {( luttrtnnti), Union Carbide (<>, New York. N \ John ( hmints, Mulligan Alkali Co., Wyandotte, Mich. , Kai ph 1. koaKs, J k , Tennessee Kastman Corp . Kingsport, Trim I'ublu \t\ Committee S D Kihkiatnuk (Chairman), Clicmical & Metallurgical Kngineer* IMK, New York, N Y A I. Watson, Koppcrs Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. ('untNi k Wi.-I , N lagara Alkali ( o , Niagara Falls, NY Safety hutruttion Card Committee- K F KlNi. (Chair moti). Cover Brothers <o. Cam bridge. Mass John Boai h, I )eputy Commissioner of CaU>r, Jersey City. N. I K F Knot-, Willard Storage Mattery Co., Cleveland. Ohio Statutus and ( onte<l ( <tmmttfre~K C Stratton (Chairman), The Travelers Insurance ( o , Hartford, Conn *M C Minpr, F I du Pont de Nemours & Co , Inc , Wilmington, I >el (rnrral ("hairntan TUESDAY LUNCHEON SESSION October 17. 1939 Hie iqx-mug session of ific (hetnical SecI..... as i linn l.c.i. feature, presided over l.v encral ( l.a.rniai. Ralph I. Rogers, Jr. Safrlv liur.ior of I lie IViii.r-^fr Kaslinan ( nrporation, kingsporl, Term Chairman Rogers briefly ml roduced the speaker of l><- occasion, a celebrated limiter of Afri ran game Safety to Life in Africa By M NORMAN POWELL Kenya Colony. Bi itish East Africa (Editorial Note Mr Powell was horn in Africa, from early boyhood has lived in the heart of the biff game country The natives were his playmates and his friends He has learned ll.eir folklore, customs, and lvl.efs He was initiated as a warrior inti' the Snk Trilie and lias made many extrn- sive trips into the more primitive parts of Africa. He will tell of the protective meth ods and safeguards adopted not only by the white people, hut also by the native* and animals to safeguard life and prevent injury to themselves and others The fol lowing is a summary of Ins talk ) ( licinit ill S,-iHon . ,................... IS me product of consti uct.ve thinking, purpose fill planning, and effective execution This is true whether or not the problem is one of providing ade.piate mechanical safeguards, nr personal protective equipment for work ers, preparing efficient operating procedures, educating and supervising employees to sec that they know how, ami do work safely 1-ast, but not least, profiting hy, and apply ing the lessons learned from sad and costly experience. effectively executed In guidance and roiiipuhinti under Tlic\ did m*t l.ndd ini|leiiel raide th fences around their homes until lion leopard had preyed ii|m>ii their families flocks They did mil dig liuffxlo pits u the huffalo had ravaged their crops, i fire guards around their homes until Constructive thinking then, may be hased upon experience, knowledge of hazards, and, may I include, for untrained natives, intui tion. In the true sense of the word, I could not l>e called a safety expert. But, in my type of life which, since I was a small child, has licen endangered hy many unusual hazards, 1 have learned the value of "con structive thinking." Risk cannot lie taken in an African wilderness where even a minor accident may result in drastic conse quences, owing to the difficulty in contacting help. It was in 1800 that my ancestors first landed on the shores of the African conti nent. For month ujioii month they had battled unknown and storm ridden seas. Therefore, in spite of the desolation which this rocky coast presented, to them it was the Cape of Good Hope. They came as soldiers of His Majesty's Army, fighting through the Matebele, Zulu, and Boer wars Recause of their pioneering spirit, they stayed on when the conflicts were over. A grim determination carried them further into the hinterland. Not only because of humanity, hut because of the hopeless as pects that would shadow their ideals, they could not afford to lose one man. The odds were great, making them constructive think ers. great bush fires swept them away. Tl learned to wear leggings of banana lea and hark against the deadly strike snakes; to carry thin, flat stones on th heads, upon which angered tree sna struck in vain So they went on learn until today they have effective methirds safety The natives experience difficulty w modern machinery, and constantly requ direction and supervision. They must lei through experience unless we use foresit and romc forward to help them This not difficult to understand, as even we called civilized ]>enplc must, in the major of cases, learn this wav, owing to our ability to listen to our advisors These African |ieople have passed wa iugs down to those who come after the so that they may benefit by others' ea experience These are given in the fo of proverbs, in many cases closely Conner with ours:-- "You will not he beaten when you thi liefore acting" (Look before you leap) "You can break a stick, but not a hunill (In unity there is strength.) (Following this, Mr. Powell related s< cral thrilling experiences while hunting e pliant, and dealing with the natives, wht lack of constructive thinking and foresiy resulted in very dangerous situations.) After the World War, my family moved to British East Africa, where 1 grew up to know and think with and like the African people. My whole life, especially on hunting trips, has depended on effective execution. Fail once with a buffalo or elephant, and you Rldom get the chance to learn from ex perience. Our animals have perhaps been the mi fortunate in being endowed by nature wt adequate protection. Because of their colt ing so much resembling the regions in whi they live, they are difficult to detect. B they do not rely on protective colorin entirely, for during the heat of the d when they rest, you will usually find lone animal acting as a sentry. Safety devices and methods practiced hy the African Irilies are almost entirely those learned from sad and costly experience, 1 have not attempted to correlate t fundamental principles touched upon in c talk But you, with your knowledge these fundamentals, ran readily deduce t JSlh National Sulcly ( otujrcss little aiiii|uiiin that have not been sold lint they are coining to it very fast The tide has turned and turned definitely, to flow on for years to come in favor of safer and more roin|ietent methods The care of the worker today is given more thought, industrial relations are given more thought today than ever before; and it is growing on very stable ground. CHAIRMAN WHITING: Will any body volunteer some practical way of get ting the backing of the union? I know cases where they have backed the safety movement in particular trades--and sin cerely J. S. SHAW: It is written into some of the agreements between the union and the employer. Safety is featured there. The W C SHAW (Proctor and (.amble, Cincinnati): We have factory inspection services in our various states. Why is it unions are writing it in. MR. KEEFER: Do they appoint representative from their group? a that the public schools and the vocational schools can get away with violating the safeguards and the rules that the states lay down? CHAIRMAN WHITING: I suspect that money is in the picture I don't know any college that has as much money as it would like to have to do a better job. About getting away with it, I don't know-- they may not he subject to factory inspec- MR. SHAW: Safety is handled just like all the other phases or conditions of work. In several contracts (I reviewed a hundred last year that are published hy the Department of Labor in Washington) safety is invariably one of the important things named in them. CHAIRMAN WHITING. Is it car ried out? Is it more than a name? MR. SHAW: It is like everything else; it has to grow. It is taking root. MR STRATTON: They are not sub ject to it MR SHAW: They ought to be CHAIRMAN WHITING: But be synt pathetic with our colleges. They haven't any experience on safety. We have to carry our experience to them under dif ficulties Maybe they will come across in time, and maybe Mr. Warzala will have his dream come true. And it is the dream of all of us. MR ROGKRS: 1 wonder if someone here could say a word or two about the attitude of the union group, where it ex ists in the chemical industry, towards the safety program How are they falling in line, or do they have anyhody who repre sents them, who helps to impress upon their group, through their own officers and meetings and what-not, that the union, as a union, is backing up the safety pro gram? MR. KEEFER: Would you personally recommend, Mr. Shaw, that a union ap point one man in its group perhaps to sit in with management on the question of r,afci/ aione--give him one responsibility? MR. SHAW: Not any more than I would have him sit in with management on any other phases of management. I wouldn't set safety out by itself. Let us have his working conditions so that they will he healthful and safe, and the hours of work and the rates of pay are all stated in the agreement. Some of the agreements are gentlemen's agreements and they arc not signed ; some are signed; and some arc contracts. Safety appears frequently in them. CHAIRMAN WHITING: Do unions cooperate in safety committee activities? MR S1IAW: Yes. they will After you get down to a friendly basis of work, they certainly will. ADJOURNMENT Construction Section Officers 1938-1939 (,ciiiciil (7iuiriiiii- W A Snow, Asou'iatcd General ('unlrai Im s uf America, Inc, V\ ington, 1) C yice-Clutirmon fur Heavy (ointrnelion R J. Rm.ntuii, (' W lllakeslce Si Sons, Haven, Conn Vice-Chairman for llu/lneay Conslruetion S E Aniu.ksun. Ilairison Construction Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-Chairman for U. S. Enqiaeer Peparlment--Major H I! Vaiic.iian, Jr, Corp Engineers, War Dept., Washington, I) C. Vice-Chairman for Building Construction- C II III At k, Slone A Webster Enginei Corp., Boston, Mass. Secretary--Robf.rt McKini >.y, General Accident hire & Life Assurance Corp,, De' Mich. Netvs Letter Editor--*Eix;ak N Goihstink, 2.12-.10th Ave , San Francisco, Calif. Engineering Committee Chairman -- I amis A. Biirhank, The Travelers Insurance Hartford, Conn. Membership Committee Chairman -- F J ( raniifii, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co , Bo Mass. Propram Committer Chairman- *Juun Riisskii, Public Service Electric & Gas Newark, N J. Statistics Committee C hair man 1 iiomas Simm.f, Industrial Indemnity Exchange, San 1 cisco, Calif. Visual Education Committee Chairman S M I.auufkiiai.f, Civilian Conservation G Washington, D. C. Tail General rhairman Officers 1939-1940 General Chairman--R J. Rkiohijtii, C W lllakeslce A Sons, New Haven. Conn Vice-Chairman for Heavy C onslrm lion W A Hazakii, Hrlldrhem Steel Co, lh hem, l'a Vice Chairman for Highway ( on strut lion - S F. Aniiikson, Ilairison ( nii-truc lion Pittsburgh, Pa Vice-Chairman for V. S. Engineer Hepartment Major 11 I! Vauuiian, Jr, Gu| Engineers, War Drjit , Washington, 1) C. Vice-Chairman for Building Construction-- K. Pilin', Chescbro, Whitman Co, Inc, Island City. N. Y Secretary--*W A Snow, Associated (',, D. C ral Cr of America, Inc., Washin Merer Letter Editor--*F.ih;ar N Goiumini, 2.12--.With A\ Membership Committee Chairman Swuni F. K.imo, Ne' - Haven, Conn. San Fiancisco. Calif. Haven Gas Light Co., Propram Committee ( hairman `John Rtissru, Public Service Electric A Gas Newark. N I Statistics Committer Chairman- F. C l< NJ ni.ih, Koppcis Co, Seaboard Div., Ke 299 jsil, 1 1,11 ( ,,,la,, l`...nerval,on v e The lowest 1938 frequency rates were m river and harbor work, averaging 181,2 Severity rates were lnwr-1 for general Innlil Uuawarrness of safe piailncs or lack id knowledge m skill .............. 237, I In-ieal defeits ........................... 37, I'.umi / Wa-h * Webster Engineering .A1,M,1>,.- MA.ISH i kh i nk, I I,, T r.t veler - I,,-iiram < ( o . Mar l for,I, ( mm " I < K.Ni'iii, I iberly Mutual lii-uraiice Co , Huston, Mass Corn nr Mi K,si iv. Denera! Ardent lire ft life Assurance ( orp , 1 ' 1 1,1,1, im,,iv Exchange, San Francisco, C alif inR contractors, averaging 2 58 (loth injury rates were highest m lock and dam eon .(ruction and m steel erection In the err. lion of structural steel (iiipirmy wa- 91 7n and seventy 3009. In a senes of 117 -.nous accidents m the Construe.urn Industry reported to tin ( nine ril these percentages were developed * No pn-onal cause ........................... 247, Tin- principal un-ale acts committed In employees m ,^j ,,ls injuries were: ' `n|'pmK. holding or lifting improperly 2 Stand,ng under suspended loads "J " ...... a"` "lUU'mct Starting, MoppiiiK, otherwise moving Agenciea of Injury without giving or getting the pope. Mfcual fur failing tu lay, lurk, Work in Elevator* ami (misting equipment............f7% secure vehicle*. switches, etc , TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION Machinery .............................................................. um xintc<l mutton Working surfaces (ladders, scaffold*, 5. Non use of safe apparel or pmtrctivi He)........................................................................ 1*% clothing, such as goggles and safety October 17, 1939 Vehicles................................................................... 13% "indtV1S -.............. V ;................................... Viv shoes Kiv""< to the figures, it lin if tun er by l< J KeW,, \V lflakcslee 8", Vue Cl,a man -uleil Chairman of the Clio,,. who 1'" cembled ,lele*e Keigclnth welcomed <hc a speakers, as fol- and the.. introduced the lows: Not otherwise specified ............................... M h Type of Accident Falling, sliding, flying objects........................ 40% Caught in or lietween........................................ 2S% ho rm,|lla| |||fy arf ukf,, I"*"'* 'VT> 7/a" " TM "* statistically representative of the* entire industry. The accident statistics of ibe Construction What Are Our Accident Statistics for 1938? Falls, one level to another............................. 137r Inhalation, absorption, swallowing (acute action) ................................................ Industry a- reported to the National Safety Council indicate that while very considerable improvements have lieen made in accident By THOMAS SOULE t Exchange, San Franciaco, Cal. Industrial Indemnity 1 Chief Engineer rates rose 35 per cent ,n whereas severity i,--,- Cot0.0,00,UR ami till' figure I'UH <* appe? , olent r of interest rates it' the small organizations. The average freipienry rate for large com panies was 17%, while that for small units ,I r net inti 1 mlu-l f V aNational Safe was 49.80, the small unit licing defined as having less than 100 employees. The smaller Not otherwise classified..................................14% Mechanical Cause Unsa,fe p,lanni.ng, wor,king me,t,hod,s, rales, there is still a great deal of pioneei work to tie done, more especially among smaller contractors and on private work Stoevrecrqaml rgeov,,elernmroemnt|li|aag.ei,,n,,cieos{ aarcecidbeengtin^ning poor housekeeping, etc................................. 38% ST ^::'r.:::::::::::::::::: :l!5 Non-use of protective er,n,pmen............. 4% f,,r ,,fiva)c ,.(m,rai,,>rs pilWi<. work r "-f -- s,,,ril5l<i,,lsl' ,liriJ1J...... |X' cm he ( on-lrn, toui In,In onrn, v Uat i Indti-lr- .1 24 Kate is . about tnhT the average These rate' an or National Sub tv ( onm il nuMDucrs m their rxl.rrK.HT I toil, luditslry tre. reduced 75 per cent; the organizations had an average severity rate of 12 31 as aRaiust 2 04 for the large companies The best all time no injury records and the Honor Foil for 1938 in the National Safety Council l'uhlicalion "Accident Rales in the Construction Industry 1938" contain the names of the construction departments of an oil imlilir cuotiml,,itpfya,tinuhyaye,s, essweeevvleelrraaalls iisnnedmvueiMsraturlimadlisp,t..lr.ai..c.n.tts1 . of the all indu-tn ,,-lrv sever,Iv rate was r ,, while the all industries ;i: re,hoed f* prr ernt. and ,ate was reduce,l the U S Engineer Department engaged in river and harbor work and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Cc-o--n-sittru,ircttion commppaanniieess, for the most part, are conspicuous by their absence The honored organization provided the < The cspccti' -tr eto In i-tr fr, ,p11er preerntceanntd and 6 pe 5 per cent 1937 t< 1938 cut. again- for all indu-tri ( redo for improvement in the ( or tion Industry's 19,18 accident experie line largely to the favorable rxperie almut one third of the man hours worked and very materially lowered the accident rate figures developed for the entire group. In one classification, as an illustration, the removal of the construction department fig ures for an industrial organization would double the average accident frequency rate No mechanical cause ...................................... 14/r sln,c,,,,i ............... .. al,,l i ,,,,i,,n,ally reiterated Personal Cause Improjier altitudes ........................................... 50% I he Mure You Heat .,( Safely, the Less You that of Arciden(s! Safe Dredging Operations By L. D. SHUMAN Principal Engineer, in Charge of Dredging Operations, United States Engineer Office, Philadelphia, Pa. The largest and most complex machines f the construction industry are not used in the building of modern skyscrapers nor the construction of tunnels and bridges, nor in the operation of mines. They are found oil the work of dredging our harlxsrs ami onr ] nrer. Some of them are capable of dredg ing 50,000 cubic yards of earth in a single work day. Dredging has always been regarded as hazardous work In fad, employers' liability rates ,m dredge-, even in this day of safetymiiuledness, average almnt $10 per $100 of pairoll large organization- They redmed ho tpie 1 nd ......ralitteys sill for the balance of the group. Marine Section Officers 1938-1939 henerol ( Imirmon- H\kun (> Pukskh, Pacific l nasi Marine A'.siKialnin, San Francisco Calif- . Advisory Committee (Active l'a-t < icneral Chairmen) - F. C lluiorN, Jr (Chairman) I.lulled Stales l' Si l Agency. Inc.. New York. N Y. w. Fiskf. Jr, Socimy-Vacuum Oil Co. Inc, New York, N Y Frank II. Cohan, The Delaware, Lackawanna Si Western l< . I< Co, llolioken, N I JntlN S IIhnifr, The Atlantic Helming C o., I'hilailrlirlna, Pa. Arthur M Tour, ( iinsulting Marine Engineer, New York, N Y ( /tiitriiinn Atlantic Pistrict--J. IV Uonf.v, The Texas C o . New York. N. Y. Vicr-C hairman Atlantic Pistrict--Wiiiaki) F. Jonfs, Gulf Oil Refining Co, New York, N.Y. _ .... Chairman Pacific Pistrict (Editor, "Marine Safety")-- Hfnry Hi ackstonf, United States IV Si 1. Agency, Inc , San Francisco, Calif. Vicr-Chairman Pacific Pistrict--Ainrin O Pfi.c, Union Oil Co of Calif , Wilmington. Calif. .. _ ., Chairman Gulf Pistrict--Frank E Amfs, I.ykes Hros. Steamshiii Co, New Orleans, La Pier-Chairman Gulf Pistrict--1. It Patf, Mississippi Shipping Co, Inc.. New Orleans, La Omirmnn Great Lakes Pistrict--W C Garhiitt, Pittsburgh Steamship Co, Cleveland, Ohio. Vice-Chairman Great Lakes Pistrict -Ghirhf Mariinson, Piekamls Mather Si Co., Cleve land, Ohio. Chairman Shipbuildinp and Repair Pivisian -- II ( llinn.tnoN, Hethlehem Shipbuilding Co., Bethlehem, Pa. Vice-Chairman tIn Charpe of Posters and Slide*)- Koiifrt F Hanii, Standaril Oil Co of N. ]., New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman (In ( harpe of Proprams) -- I.ooan ( tosse. Isthmian Steamship Co., New York, N.Y. Vice-Chairman (In Charpe of Publicity)--IIakoiii | Harihno, Marine Progress, New York, N. Y. .Wrrfarv--L. J. Couohi-an, American Export Lines, New York, N Y Membership Committee Chairman--C Am E Hot mfs, Marsh Si McLennan, New York, N.Y. Stevedonnp Committee Chairman--John W. McGrath, lolnt W McGrath Corp New York, N. Y Statistics Committee Chairman--Bf.njamin H. Sf.i f, travelers Insurance Co New York N. Y. " Engineering Committee Cftmrmon--W. IV Pinos, U S Navy Dept , Washington, D. C. Members at I.arge-- Passenqer A- Carpo Lines--N. T. Lawrfncf (Chairman) United States I ines Co New York, N. Y. ' Kobf.rt C Lf.f., Moore 8t McCormack Linrs, Inc., New Y'ork, N Y F. J. Tracy, United States Lines Co., New York, N. Y. N. S. Stortfr, Lykes Hros. Steamship Co., New Orleans, La J. E. Hart, Mississippi Shipping Co., New Orleans, La John Wric.iit, American Export Lines, New York, N Y. Thus lit mi, Grace Line, Inc , New York, N Y S A Schramm, Itlack Diamond Steamship to, Wrehawken, N J. 339 .VUJ CP$Uthn ;Nvaontioiyn..a,,.l ...m...i"x ompani/'t J G Johnson (Chairman), Sinclair Navigation Co, New , I ankenrryl J Hhihirn, Standard Oil Co o( N J , Marine Dept, New York, N Y N 11. YYKM KMm<i Kv.mTnid,e PWaanteArmAesrsicoacniatePdetOroilleCumo. N&ewTrYanosrkp,orNt CYo. , New York. N. Y K 11 KK r n--kv" (M(.,1<n, KMnrMianUrn,. ,O0.C1ilaTnra/AnmsfeerircaCnorpPe, tNroelewumYorwk, N---.---Y- . Thank C Laiirif, l ago Petroleum'C--or,,p , MMaararaccaaibiboo, ,VVeenneezzuueelal;. J A Kumsfy, Standard (lit Co of Calif, Richmond. Calif. A O------W---o' w(M, a<ireinneer)al )Petivroi leu m Corp . of Calif, Terminal Island, Calif. Academy, New I ducational (Marine)--). M Town, New York State Merchant Marini StY1e1voerIdk.o, rSNMesiwYYaJhoihi,nYWale UMnciOvehrastitiyi ,(CMNeh-aw.irIHmt.aawvnen)n.C,JCoohomnnni,W. McGrath Corp , New York, N. Y. Wn mam 11 Ci ark, John T. Clark Jk Son, New York, N Y \ htphutldtni/ and Ship Repair Companies -W C. Houi.iiton (Chairman), Hethleltem Ship The Jarka Corp.. New York, N. Y. buildin` g ( ...FHedeethrlaelltSemhi,pPbuailding St Dry Dock Co, Kearny, N. J } H I.. hN, sAoNla,baNmeawpDorryt DNoecwks SSe hSihpibpubiuldilidnigng&CoD,ryMoDboilcek, AClao, Newport News, Va. jl.RM.mSGmh iinrr- A J Smith, Marine Office of America, New York, N. Y. Crank fl Cohan (Chairman). The Delaware, l.arkawanna St Western R. R. Marine In Kailrotith (. I.- IIH,.IinA.tkKeTnn, NN, KJr.ie Railroad Co , Jersey City, N. J. iafi,ioNheown YSomrkteCtye-nJtraIl, CIit.iieksk,fNnreawcYmorAkm, Ner.icYa.n Rurcaii of Shipping, New York, I. R sillp ( la Waterfront Kinplnyers' Assn, San Francisco, NY / mploye ,D IlltUM tiun -- K P Hfri.fn, U S F'mplovcfs' Compensa- Cahf. toxeeC < ompensation <- II s l.niplmi ussion, Washington. U an, Jk, C orps of F.nginocrs, War Dept , Wasb- /' V /.no --- Maiok D 11 v (iim, Admiralty Attorney, New York, N illgton. 1 > 1 I eanl- * ` I- Vs Y. Office. rwsa1ir9...3...9...-1940 octalion of the Pacific h.dttor, Marine Safety" News l etter-- Hknky Ri ackstonf, UniU .tes P & I. Ag Inc., San Francisco, Calif Secretary--W. P Rmi.s. U S Navy Dept , Washington, D C Chairman. /Itlantic District-). P. Konfy, The Texas Co, New York, N. Y (Retie Vice Chairman, Atlantic District- Wn I aho F Junfn. t.ulf Oil Corp. New York. N t limrnniri. I'nctjir Dislrnt I hanvis I MiGowfn, Outer Harbor Dock & Wharf San Pedro. Cali I Vice-Chairman, I'acific District--i .foki.f W. At hin, Ames Terminal C o , Seattle, Wa Chairman, Guif District--Frank E. Amfs, I.ykes Bros. Steamship Co , New Orlean- Vice-Chairman, Gulf District--I.. It Pack, Mississippi Shipping Co. Inc, New Orlean Chairman. Great l.akes District--W. C Gakihitt, Pittsburgh Steamship Co, Clcvi Ohio Vice-Chairman, Great l.akes Di.i/ru/--Gfori.f Martinson, Piekands Mather St Co., ( laud, Ohio. Chairman, River Districts- -G (). Griffin, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgl Vice-Chairman, River Districts--Josfi-h E. Jackman, McCrady-Rodgers Co, Pitlsf) Pa Chairman, All Inland Waterways--Majiir H R. Vaiichan, Jr , Corps of Engineers, Dept., Washington, D. C. Chairman, Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Division-- 11 C Houi.iiton, Rethlehem Corp., Rethlehem, Pa. Chairman, Committee on /'uWinlv and I'uhlications-- Harui n J Hardinc., Marine ress, New York, N Y. Cfiairmnn, Committee on Maritime Associations-- C. H Cai i ai.iian, The Maritime rialion of tl.e Pori f New York, New York, N Y Chairman, Committee on Untied States (lovernmeiil Hureaut-C ominander R. S U S.N (Retired). Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Washington, l> I Chairman. Committee on Iniiineennii and Minimum Standards- A I. Smith, N Office of America, New York, N Y. Chairman, Statistics (ommittcc Iti N|amin II. Sin, The Travelers Insurance Co, York. N Y. Chairman, Marine education Committee--It I. Sfwaro, Yale University, New I Conn Vice-Chairman, Marine l:ilucation Committee--F\ C Grfoorv, W'alerfront F.mpl Association of San Francisco, San Francisco, Cahf Chairman, Industrial Relations Committee--R F! Donovan, Standard Oil Co. of San Francisco, Calif. Chairman, Stevedoring C ommittee--R. P. Hfri.fs, (I S Employees' Compensation mission, Washington, I). C. t.rneral < h t oast. S.i lihii.nF. rrva..nk< . "tlittee F ( iioim,,,. Ik, United Slates P Jk I Agency, Inc, New York, l-ranriMn, c abt 1 IisI Kf<,. uJJ,wr.a,,nSS.Vlio;n. Ietho\C>ennyyD---I-VIV-e-a-a-l<a-e--wii-i.-u-ma-m-r.ne,OOl.iiall cCCkooa,,wIIannncrn.,.aNNJeekwwWYYeoosrrtekkr.,nNNR YY.R Co.. Hol,ken. N. J. NY i i. IMawarr, l.ackawanna & WcMvtn K K FJ.ohWn SI IIuntih, The Atlantic Refining Co , Philadelphia, Pa DiceA-GretnhuerralMChl aoirumr,aCnon(EsuxelticnugtivMea)r--inRe FJingR, aNkefw.r, YAomrke,rNic.anY Merchant Marine IntitH 1 Inc , New York. N Y. Vice-General Chairman N. Y. -------- (Membership)--T E RucHanan, The Texas Co., New (Coordination)--Hfnrv J Hfiuorn, Standard Oil Co., of c Yo*^ j M. fmlj (I'roijram <)- Cari. F'. Hoi mfs, Marsh Jk McLennan, Inc., Nt-d Vice General Cbuirr New York, N V Vice-General Chair Admiral R H Wo'i ni, United Sl York, N I Yh' (.>' ( Y ,/ ( /nlirnlilll (I ini. Washington iilol Re , 0 Rear MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1939 The first session of the Marine Section M called to order by General Chairman . Iron 0. Pickard, Chief Safety Engineer, | Waterfront Employers Association of the I fabfic Coast, San F'rancisco. Chairman | Rdtard made a lengthy report of the ac idities of the Section during the past year, I Kviewing the advances of the Section, and especially emphasizing the good w( various committee chairmen and groups. Each of the sub-committee men had provided a special report, receiving the report of the Nominating mittee and formal election of office the current year, the Chairman into the first speaker. 1 IK '>//, Will,null S //*/ V ( Pretaut ary Mcasures \\ ir U iim -1 mi11' 111 d<>id1r b.uid, dii'l . lotliink the " ' k .I i< nM U' Iusf fit ting Itf fnl * h Atldl lllg ll i > f tin l*wl\ 'limit* hnsrcd ml oi tcr than linse.e.d. *< r. ,i)! r* jmsi'i! par I n 1 hr treated with < V h\>tueuUue tret it contain* disui hctanls l> |>r< uwiiUll imlcrtion) Workmen engaged m slaking lime should car K` >KKh`s and light fitting < tnllung at 11 to i k. hands and (ci t \ drinking fount.mi should Ik- Im.'iled near herr the material is io !*- handlrd <Jim* k .u tioii is rt quired when the eye is I. urned It should he 1 liorouK|,ly lhisl,rd w 11 h pit ntv of water U a drinking fotin lam is available Imld the e\e ..|hi. am! (lush Ihurmigldy Then use a 2 |ht cent solution of ammonium chloride a* a neutral i?er, ronfinuin^ at half hour inlet val* for the first twenty-four hour* The patient should |>c inuncrliafely placed in the care of an experienced physician The recent development of container cars for shipments of lime ha* made it possible to eliminate the hand unloading of the hulk product Whenever the amount of lime con sumed is of a large enough quantity, it is recommended that containers he used. /UHOU IxNMFNT Mining Section Officers 1938-1939 (jiucritl Chair mini--1- C Cami'idli . Tlu- Koppers Coal Co, Pittsburgh, 1`a yice-Choirnum--Angus D. Campiiui, McIntyre Porcupine Mines Ltd., Schumacher, On I , Canada. Vice-Chairman--W D. Hash.ton, Pickands Mather Si Co, Duluth, Minn Secretary and Nrtvs Letter L.ditur--I >aniei Harrini.ton, IJ S Bureau of Mines, Wash ington, D. C. nniter and Slide Committee Chairman--J. J. Kohbf.s, ll S Ilureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. `uhticity Committee C/tarrmun--M. R. Uuuu, The Explosives Engineer, Wilmington, Del. Slalitlics Committee Chairman--W. W. Adams, ll. S. Ilureau of Mines, Washington, D. ( Afember* at Large-- *G. J. Barrett, Oliver Iron Mining Co , Duluth, Minn. Thomas Ai.i.en, State Inspector of Coal Mines, Denver, C olo. *J. W. Ai.t, Calumet & Hccla Consolidated Copper Co , Calumet, Midi *P. M. Arthur, American Zinc Co. of Tenn., Mascot, Tenn. Fre.d E. Bedai.e, Consolidated Coal Co., Inc., Fairmont, W. V. IohM L. Boardman, Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Butte, Mont *W. H. Comins, National Lead Co., Potosi, Mo. M. L. Cout.TER, Clearfield Bituminous Coal Corp., Indiana. Pa. C. M. Ff.u.man, Montreal Mining Co., Montreal, Wis. *C. W. Girbs, Harwick Coal ft Coke Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. R. Dawson Hali, "Coal Age," McGraw-Hill Ptthlishing Co, H. T. Harper, Tennessee Copper Co., Copperhill, Tenn. Inc , New York, N. Y. H. C. Henrik, Phelps Dodge Corp , Bisbee, Arir. Rush N. Hosier, Pennsylvania Compensation Insurance Rating ft Inspection Bureau, Harrisburg, Pa. C. F. Keck, Jamison Coal & Coke Co., I.atrobe, Pa. Thomas E Lic.htfoot. The Koppers Coal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa Geo Martinson, Pickands Mather & Co, Cleveland, Ohio Wii.UAM G Metzger, Hudson Coal Co . Scranton, Pa D IV Moffat, Utah Copper Co , Salt Lake City, Utah V 0. Murray, The Union Pacific Coal Co., Rock Springs, W> John T. Ryan, Mine Safely Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa N P. Rhinfhart, West Virginia State Dept of Mines, Charleston, \V Va R H Skip, The New Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin, N. J. L T. Sicka, St Joseph Lead Co , Bonne Terre, Mo. 0. V. Simpson, Alabama By-Products Corp., Flat Creek, Ala John Trkwffk, Homestake Mining Co., Lead, S. D. Howard I Young, American Zinc Lead & Smelting Co., St Louis, Mo *ht General Chairman Officers 1939-1940 Chairman -- Angus I) Camppvu, McIntyre Porcupine Mines, Ltd, Schumacher, 0L, Canada ` 'hoiriiinii--Cam'v mi aiu-r Evans. Ik, The Hudson Coal Co, Scranton, Pa 'Aainnnii -- W I* llssriTON, Pickands Mather ft Co., Duluth, Minn 449 .'Sill With'iuil Sii/i7v ( nnqrvrc Mmini/ Shnu 4 SI Lne ( /i'U \ r k 111 ^ i m \ h i. W.-M Virnmiii Sl.tlr I U pi uf Mine-, < hailr-fnn, \V \ a \r<r,-t,trv <>n,/ V, < l.lt.r l,I,lor ll\Mll llAHMN.h.N, \ S Hill (an uf M Mil Uil-h I> l I tnj nicer im </ ( <onnn/f,,- ( /i-iinjiiin llriilfh I omnnll., I h<ur J` John I M Am ik, I inm-lake Mining f <*. I fail. S l> Amcr i an / hi* Luinpnny of Tiiihom, Mas. I run M ctft !<, r Kluf ( < m m\tfii~ < /mirin>in Miami ( i akk, Ro.brslrr & 1'iM-hnrgh ( *al Co, Im- `liana. I`a l`o\l.r ,m,( \li,{, ( omnnll, ( Imiritnin I I | iiK(il\ l1 S Hu of Mines, Ihllslmrgh, Ha SMfiWni ( (i im mi i r 1,1 ( luiiT ntiiu- \V\ VV Adams, lr S llurean of Mines, Washington, I> t ! titrr i,i\nm,-nt ionmnllr, (/un'minn I 'IV Rvan, Mine Safety Appliances <umpativ, I ` 111 sImi r k! i, I'a Mr m hrr tall >ir </. - I iiuyss \i i i n. State Inspector of Coal Mines, Denver, Colo. *1 \V Ai i. ( alnmi I & He* la C onsolidated Copper Co , Calumet, Midi. * t ) H \ mrm i. i >h ver ) run M ming ( o , I hiluth, Minn. Into 1- lliinn, ( oils, ill dai ion Coal Co, I nr , Lairmont, \V Va I'iiin I IlmKUMAN, Anaronda ( opper Mining Co., Mntte, Mont *1 ( C' am mi It. I In- K opper S Coal C'o , Pittsburgh, Pa. *W If ( omins, \adonal l.ead Co, Potosi, Mo. M I. ( on ii k, ( leaifield Hiluminoiis Coal Corp`, Indiana, Pa t M l;m\nN, Montieal Mining Co , Montreal, Wiv *< W (ohms, llaiwiek Coal & Coke Co., Pittsburgh, Pa R Dawson IImi, "C oal Ngc." Mcfiraw Hill Publishing Co, tne . New York, N Y If T II Akh n. I linn ssce ( upper ( o , C 'opperliill, Trim * 1 1 ( 111 Nkii . Phelps Dodge Corp , Hi shoe, Ariz < ! K n k. I ainisun C oal & C okr ( n , I .atrol>c. Pa * I 11omas b. f i<.miiomi. The Koppi rs C oal Co., Pittsburgh, Pa c n M AkitNsuN. Pm kamfs Maflier & ( n , Cleveland, Ohio t K Mi Kni-.iii, Lake Sliore Cold Mines, Ltd., Kirkland Lake. Out, Canada WiimamC Mn/'.m. Hudson ( oal Co , Scranton, Pa D 1> Mhd.m, Ciall ( opper C o , Salt 1 .ake City, Utah Y <) Mdhmav. f lic I'nion Pacific Coal Co. Rock Springs. Wvonting. R H Sue, I lie New J. tma Zinc Co . Vrankfin, N J 1 T Smu Trrrr, Mo f > U , r,^r > ' - | ' .. P f* d.nrzb. Pa ~> . %. v r- r .r* / n*' ` 4 'mr'rnil MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1939 l Ilf fir s| scsmi in f tlir M minx Sri turn ' < .tiled In orclc In I .rm-ral ( hair man I ' ( ampbcll. A'.-i-iaiil In tin- V uf Trcsidcnl. II, Knp|n i . ( nal t nmpanv, l'ill-hurl'h. I'.i u In . (n rMilri! ( hair man * .ini|.l* || m In ipin u U v lirit ll i viewed tome of (lie activities of lh ami ils committees during the p ami then inirmlnceil the scheduled as listed in the program The for discussion m the various miiIciI was, ''Tim Executive Vie' Safety Problems Faced in Bituminous Coal Mines By HEATH S. CLARK President, Rochester & Pittsbu "gh Coal Company, Indiana, Pa NuomiiIi, f appiu.iih (I,is v|||>|ttl limii Mu \ lewponit o| I he f'lln r to ( nine lli.il 1,1. In.Hi held, w In* li ,u * miiib Im ahull! 7S lias Ih*ch mv enliie experience m the bitu minous rual industry and l would be jne 'UmplnoUS to iliseuss line the lednm.il lrohleins involved in safely m Hie bilinnmous mines. . The second point I want to stress i* that llliis talk will deal with safetv problems Imlefv from llic Imsnuss aspect 1 shall talk Lbout safety in terms of dollars and nuts, J>t Ucansc that is m> on\\ mli res| m dt i'lit IneaiisT, from tin* standpoint of the Irveiutive, it is the practical approach per cent of Ibr couuttv's produelum, it is i elalivclv new and appaienlly on the in t lea-c bach ol llte metliods uf im chanieal loadtug bungs eeilam v.matiuns of mining piacticcs ulmli call for new, or different, methods of operating Variations in the width of headings and the length anil width uf rouins iiiav he rcipitred Roof control may reunite a dillcrcut t>l- of tnnl>ering than was us<d under hand loading. The installation of additional chitneal apparntns at the face- will constitute an additional haz ard unless proper precautions are taken and l do not want it to Ik* said, however, that the right kind of equipment used There will or ibis group, or the bituminous industry Ls a whole, is interested onf> in the com Ik: additional problems of ventilation and dust control. lmrrcial aspects There is as much human I'Urian spirit in the ranks of the bituminous Industry as in any other- no more, pcihaps( These problems hi e known, and (he answers lo them arc known oi can l*e readily as hit certainly no less certained; am) to prove that statement, 1 have only to e(er to the publications which The bituminous coal industry a ba/ard have )>ceu issued hy 1 he various (ovcrn- us industry. I min tlie earliest da\s, the nning of coal lias Ih*<ti attended b> an ap illing numlier of accidents I nr far Inn iiuutal agencies concerned with safety in the mines wherein are set forth the problems am! then an<w er - ig, this ssas aeeepteif as a mattei <} use. One of the safety problem- m our 'Mry is to amuse tho-e engaged m it. particularly those in an c\ccuti\c ia ly. to the fact that a Ingh measure of tv in the bituminous miiio can !*c at that mo-t itnuiiig accidents are pre _ le and that the result- Hum from nil} tiecCesC not only in the figures on the lidicrenilv, the mechanical loading of coal will increase -afetv in bituminous mines. Dus i- shown by the records made in fields where mechanical loading has been in vogue for many vears and where some extremely good accident records bare been rstahhslied and maintained There is need, however, to guard against a tendency to install and op and loss statement hut in many in S ways that will make the industry desirable and a le tter held in which erate mechanical loading equipment without sufficient forethought as to the safety prob lems involved. r. l liere has not hccu sullii irnt experience i is true that tl,,. ,,afelv ,,ro|,|rllK in the Appalachian reuiou from which to l bituminous <,,a| ,,,inr< an,| )||(. draw definite conclusions from the statistic* dial are available hut thrrr seems to lie an iWkrns that the (.roWemx amlauxuerx upward trend in the accident rate immedi He. On the contrary, new met hi ids of produce new j.rohirms. ,,r variations ately following the installation of mechanical equipment and then a xradual downward and new answers must |,(. f,UMll| . difficult to hud these answers ft only the application (,f Hied and trend until, eventually, a frequency is ob tained lower than that prevailing under hand loading methods If tliis is true, it must, "Tiles and sound common sense than,cal loading ,,f ,,,al al ||,, I new so,,,,. ,,f ,|le ............ ... this mu,in v. |l|lt 11,,. Apli:i in si.me measure at least, he attributed to a lack of proper appraisal of the safety prob lems involved ami a lack of intelligent fore thought ami sound planning to meet the problems Paper and Pulp Section Officers 1938-1939 General Chairman---I'. A. Rmiunson, kuuUrly-Clark Corp. Nonali, Wis yice-Chairman in Chary? of Afemhert/n/i- I >. It 1 iiani, Ontario Pulp N Caper Maker*' Safety Assn., Toronto, Out , Canada Secretary (r /'ropriitu Committer ( Imtr man --( i as ton O IIhaai7, Marathon Paper Mills Co., Rothschild, Wis. News Letter Editor--I.. U Simi'min. I lie Brown Pa|H-r Mill ( o. In*', Monioe, I.a. Contest Committee--A Si nn Mhiiii (i hairmau). 'I lie I'apn 11n)1111 y & Paper World, Chicago, III. B. I). Koceks, Bird & Son, luc.. Hast Walpole, Mass F. H. Koskiiush, Nekoosa-Edwards Paper Co., Port Edwards, Wis Data Sheet Committee--R. G MiGivney (Chairman), Oswego Falls ( mp, Pulton, N Y J. J. Hastings, Port Huron Sulphite Sr Paper Co., Port Huron, Mich H. P. Heubner, The Flintkote Co., New York, N. Y. James W. Towson, West Virginia Pulp St Paper Co., New York, N Y Engineering-Safe Practice Committer- Author Morrav (Chatrmau), Container Cnrp. of America, Chicago, 111. Francis T. Rooney, George llama Publishing Co., Meuaslta, Wiv M. W. Dundore, Beloit iron Works, Beloit, Wis. G. R. Vaughan F.vans, Anglo Newfoundland Development Co, l.td, Grand Falls, Newfoundland. Health Committee Chairman--D I.onis H. Fruhtiinc, Champion Taper & Fibre Co, Hamilton, Ohio. Statistics Committee Chairman-- Fn W Braun, Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis. Publicity Committee-- E. W. Patton (Chairman), The l.awrenee Paper Co, l awreuee, Kansas. C. O. Holmf.r, Minnesota St Ontario Paper Co., Minneapolis, Minn D. A. McAi.ary, Fraser Companies, Fid , Kdmundston, N H , Canada Roi.and W. RiniARnsoN, The Gardner-Richardson Co , l.orkland, Ohm Safety Instruction Card Committee--Ernest Augustus (( hair,nan). The Mead Cnrp, Cliillicothe, Ohio. G. J. Bienvenu, Gaylord Container Corp , Bogalusa, l.a S. H. Brown, Union Bag St Paper Corp, New York, N Y Arthur F. Winslow, Hollingsworth St Whitney Co., Watcrville, Maine yisual Education Committee--!> T. Meany (Chairman), New llmn-wick lulvtnatiniv.d Paper Co., Dalliousie, N. B., Canada. Don E. McIIoWEI.i, Kalamaioo Vegetable Parchment Co, Parchment. Kalamazoo Co. Mich. Walter E. Strong, Marathon Paper Mills Co., Menasha, Wis K. G. Urfer, Hawley Pulp St Paper Co , Oregon City. Oregon fait General Chairmen-- George J. Adams, International Paper Co , Glens Falls, N Y Robert M. Ai.tman, Marathon Paper Mills Co., Rothschild, Wis Kenneth L. Faist, The Champion Paper 8t Fibre Co , Hamilton, Ohio Walter A. Gleason, Hammermill Paper Co. Erie, Pa E. E. Grant, The Crystal Tissue Co, Middletown. Ohio W. G Hovman, Kimberly Clark Corp . N'eenah, Wis G. W PHtuirs, The Champion Paper Fdrre Co . Canton. V C ) I PiEWs, Consoltdaifl Ware- P.r- A Pare- t, Uw,. s~ Far"1- *v//* .V,ifidihr/ Sa/Y/v ( I Ml. h. I'llMI \ < M , I 11 * . U. II- I all". N V . k mil >rr I \ ( l.uk ( Mil. . Nrrnah. W.s m "M. V`H .MImimtc I'aj'ii ( n, \\ is| SjTinKbrb). Mass f'tif'rr mn/ /`nip AY* /ion Wai.tt n A f 11 a son, I lanuin nu i II P.ipta ( l-j u . Pa PC K ( ikant, Phe Crystal I i""iie ( o M m Id lei own, < ihm M Ci llo\ma n, K imiIk rl> Clai k ( oi p , Necnali, Wis (. W. Pun t M's, The t hampion Paper A Pilue Co . t anion. \ ( ] ] Pi/ak, Consolidated Wan t Possvr K Pa^-i Co , \\ isomnh h'apnk. W i SaMDH Phi'in, I'iiicIi, Pm\ n A ( o , I ne , < dnis I a Ik, N \ S p SllA l l Ml K, K imliet l\ t l.u k ( m 1> , N email, \W rKOKOI K WtMlUlsiiN, sii.iilminn Papi r ( n , Wes I S pi me In Id. Mass Officers 1939-1940 11 \n r, Ontario I'ulji Si Paj>cr Makers' Safety A<sn , Toronto, i.rnrr.il Chairman ( >ii( , < .Hi.nl.i >( Hf, tnfuntnf' ( iauiin <> Ukaai/, Marathon Milk < ( luur o . Rt.lh ,1. \\ . r, t,ir v mi/ I'r.o/r,i i ( ' , Minnesota & Ontario Paper ( luiirntan ( ^ Hoi Ki .. . Minin .i|*uli' )> A Mi At amy, l;raser ( oinjiames, Ltd, Madawaska, Maine '/i t / i-Ui-r l-<hl \ Sion I )mvn (( Jiairman), In!/ Publications. Inc, ( Im auo. Ml ut, \t ( ornmifl. 11 l> K'huks, lt.nl & Son. I.K . Kast Walpole, Mass I- II Kumiunh. NVkonsa-hdwards Paper Po , Port Kdwards, Wis \ fit(( ( omnudii- K (r M<ffiYN>Y (( hatrmnn), Oswego l;alls Corp, Pulton, N Y J I Hamini.s, Pori Ilmon Sulphite & Paper Co, Port Huron, Mirb l> V Mv\n\, New Unmsvwiek International Paper Co, Ualhousie, N H, C anada James W i.iwsiN, West Virginia Pulp Si Paper Co, New York, N. Y. ' I'fli/nn'cntiij Sm/i' /' t fu i'S ( ' *-.......... *m4'..iu`.;uva\, /"C<h.a.i.r.m.a.n..)., .C.o.. -- ....... . \ mrr u a, < Ini ag<. M W t ll'N1*>WV . Hrtoit l on Works. H. loit, Wis n,. Ha,.la Publishing , I UoiiNl Y, ( .eoi \unlo Ni-wf<.ii,,.ll;ii,<l C H V AI'i.IIAN I-VANs, M. naslia. W is I irvchipinrni < Newfound).uni Ils II l HM im.Ni;. Champion itrallh ( f ( lutinunn I ) l.lrl . Paper (rami t ails. A I'*l,rc ( "' S/IulatHmfioltinn( .M< MHiifmMitt.. ( ImiMiiiiM I'hui \V Uwmin, KniployeTS Mutuals, Wausau, Wis Cuhlut/y / onnmu.-r Waiim* p Sikono (Chairman), Menasba Pnnluets l)iv, Maratlmn PaAperS MCilolsukC. oQ.ueMbrencasPliual,pWSiisPaper Safety Assn, Quebec, Canada M 1 M am so n, /elhrliaeli Cmp A Uayomer, Ine , Portland, Ore Pm \niW ktt im kikiin, The < anlner R ielia r ikun ( o , 1 oekland, Ohio ''<i/efy h\stru(tum (ant Committee R W Cmn iuk (Chairman), Minnesota ft Ontario Paper Co, International Palls, Mmn Krnest Aih.hsths, Tin* Mead Corp , Clulhcotlie, Ohio < I ItinvvFNtr, (iaylorrl Container Corp, Bogalusa, ka S If Brown, t hiion llag Si Pajicr Corp, New York, N Y H I1 II m utNr h. The P'lmtkote Co , New York. N Y AHriniH K U insiow, Hollingsworth St Whitney Co , Watervdle, Me. / tiuaf f:(/ut afuiu ( omnottee -Immps A Drapfr (Chairman), Consolidated Paper Corp, PlHd.on(raPn. d MMieHreo, wP.iiQi, Ck.adnaamdaa?oo Vegetable I'arrbment Co, Parelunent, Kalamaioo f oiiniy, \Jj( h H S (iuuiik, Huitiniel Si I >owning Co, Milwaukee, Wis f l< I m11 h, Anglo ( anadian Pulp Si Paper Milk, Ptd , Quebec. ( anada P P SiMfsoN, 'Phe Uiossn Pai'er Mill Co , Ine , Monroe. Pa ' K ft PkKMi. Hauler Pulp \ Paper ( o , Oregon Cilv, C ke / <MfO(ikrunorfrii/| ( /\nno\Mrm-.,. nIntiTu.itlonal Paper Co, films p'alk, N Y ICmuhi M \i i m \ n, Marathon Paper Mills Co . Rothschild. Uh Kf ym in I p \ is i , I lie ( bampion Paper A- l-ihr e ( o , I! anuhon, Ohm MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16. 1939 The opening session o( the I'apcr ami Pulp Section convened with Vice-Chair man 11. R. Chant, Ontario I'apcr and Pulp Makers' Safety Association, Toron to, Canada, presiding. CHAIRMAN CHANT: At this, our first session of the Congress, let us follow (he practice, which 1 think is now two or three years old, of introducing our selves to each other. This will help to make us all feel we are men,hers together this great organization, with a common interest in mu cniuimin said) problem-. (Hacli member present arose and slated his name and conn,any affiliation.) CHAIRMAN CHANT: We are happy to note a number of visitors with 11s this afternoon. I hope they will feel welcome, ami will obtain something of interest anil value from the discussion. The first item on the program will he a report on the past year's progress and activities oi the section. Progress and Activities of the Section By D. B. CHANT Acting General Chairman, Paper and Pulp Section, N.S.C. In attempting to review for you the various activities of our Section I shall try to tell the story briefly, and 1 ask yon to rtmember that this duty has very recently devolved upon me. In Mfmflriam--During the year our Sec lion lias suffered the loss of three of ils rtaunchest supimrtcrs in the persons of Ed ward B. Fritz, Fred A Robinson and Walter Brennan. The late Mr. Fritz had much It do with the inauguration several years l|0 oi the Annual Safety Contests among ills of the Section. He always look a keen Merest in our work and was a familiar Igure at the Section luncheons where lie derived deep satisfaction front personally warding the major trophy to the success HI company. Fred Robinson's cntitriiitilinn to the prog- rs of this Seel ion was invaluable His rerily of purpose, sound judgment, gnat ability ami willingness to devote los time and energy in the service of Ins fellow-nun marked him as a natural leader, while Ins splendid personality and sterling character won him a host of friends In whom his recent and unexpected death raine as a ter rible slux'k. As (ieneral ( liaitman tor the current year lie worked hard to promote the best interests of the Section and gave constant encouragement and wise counsel to all its committees and officers. Walter J Brennan's death occurred un expectedly on October 4th, 19,19, at Augusta, Maine. Formerly connected with the St. Croix Paper Company, Walter took an ac tive part in the work of this Section until a few years ago and served as its General Chairman for 1930-31. Latterly, he has been Executive Secretary for the Associated In dustries of Maine llis rapacity for work, bis wide experience and the conscientious .W//i Ndtunull Sitfl'tx ( Otliftr tunes as great as our on the-joh accidents Mllllf IllMVl' ,, tli.il end, if y.m will ,m (.eiirral ( hair man I ,f something fan be Nit,,mil Safety l mm Ii\i1v , it Ilf l in III*' Wood r win, li I believe lading Uni. I*f'l'a|', ,ii In' started in the I heard a gentleman say this morning, a safety direi tor for a large corporation employing men in twenty-three states, that his proportion was .Vs fatalities in a live year period among some >,POO cm plovers for on-the-job accidents, whereas (or off the-job aeeidents they had 203 fa Piper II,d I I see Sc,o*tit* I) agreeing with in*. II* if ivia,r ,,l that problem ami has h**n f**r talities Now, those 20.1 fatalities eost the com pany a lot of money. a iiiiinhrr ,,f vcais Maylic we fan get Another speaker at the same session *"Mie rearrangement in the National told of one instance where a man was halrfy ( onniil w that w* ran lake faro seriously injured in an off-the-joh acci of this anil give sorvioo to those in nnr dent He had no money to pay his $750 woods work MR R OS F II US 11 Would it he possible for this Section through the National Safety Council , get some pamphlets of instruction out Inch rouhl he given to the foreman w is in contact with these men, pamphlet m how to protect them- selves in the oods operations which would he siipplriiiriitar v mill safety hospital bill, and his company took pity on him and paid it. Many of the rest of the companies have don* the same thing, and 1 think out Section might well give thought to this between this meeting and the next 1 think the proper committee for that kind of thing might try to collect data and information on what our off-time accidents program ; ( II.MRMAN ( 11A NT. 1 think it arc costing us and what we can do as safety men to put on a program of edu he dm ,,f nm and ill the W as I h. a denis 1 11.11 IS ........... things stand now it is none ismess I he lumber operations logging operations entile under d Prndmts Section, and so far been aide to told out, evidently I for this activity has not existed not intruded as criticism Their cation along those lines, so that our em ployees will not only practice safety in t lie plant lint off the job as well If yon fellows have records, check up on them and see what those aeeidents are costing yon. CHAIRMAN CHANT: That is a good Work is mainly i om erned with factory thought In one of my own group last operations after the log gets to the saw year, one of the off-the-joh accidents in mill, and so on I hey dn a grand job of volved two hack tenders, a third hand and safety work in that connection, lint they a master mechanic, "t hey were coming leave out entirely the poor wood chopper, from a dance fifty miles down the road, and he IS left out on a limb. and they were driving through a fog- Now, Maybe it will fie necessary to arrange they have not had a fatality in the mid something in the Taper and Culp Section Perhaps we can get permission under our present rules to take in the woods opera tions of paper companies, Certainly in this greal organisation we ought to lie aide to get something done for the wood cutter who lias a real problem on tiis hands for five years, hilt you can figure out foe vourself what that accident cost the cos*pany. It certainly cost plenty to trai* these men and it cost plenty to rrplaer them. MR DRAPER llefore w* adjourn, I think it would lie in order for this Sectton MR A l If i US | ( PS : I wonder how many of us ui this Paper and Pulp Section are giving any thought to the off-the job acci dents and what they are costing our com to give a rt.'ing vote of thanks to esprena our appreciation of the fine way in whaA Mr Chant, our Chairman, has taken Chair at our sessions on such very *1 panies ' In our organisation. 1 know that our off- thf-joh accidents, as far as severity and frequence are concerned, are three or four notice I so move. (The motion was numerously tut* put to a vote and carried unaninv ADJOURNMENT Petroleum Section Officers 1938-1939 General < hairnnm -J H. Mh.iwn, Tide Want A.......inlcd Oil to. New York, N Y. News Letter L.ditor--K S Mini man, Oklahoma Nairn*! teas Company, Tulsa. Okla Cwittircriii;/ Committee ( fimriinm- (, h < ahi-fnifr, Humble Oil ,Y Refuting Co., Houston, Texas lletillh Committee ( 'hairman I In Iamis W I.uni., (mil (til Coni, Port Arthur, Texas Industrial Data Sheet Committee C/niiriiiuii- II F. I hsi iiinia x. Shell Oil Co, Inc St. Iamis, Mo I'mi/ram Committee Chairman-\Y Hum.css, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co, Tulsa, Okla. I'uhlicatioiis Committer Chairman--J C Yupno, Tulc Water Assmnatrd Oil Co, Tulsa Okla. Statistics Committee Chairman--Haiiifv H Mvfhs, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co., Tulsa, Okla Visual education Committee (hairman-- h. 1) Mum-tit x, Mid Continent Petroleum Corp Tulsa. Okla Atlantic l>ivision ( hairnian--A M McKkan, Pan American Petroleum Kt Transport Co New York, N Y. Great Lakes Division ( liairnian-- J l Hvkno, Sinclair helming Co, Hast Chicago. Ind. Gulf Division (hairman--T S M.nmi, In, Houston Oil Co of Texas, Houston, Texas Mid-Continent Division ( hmrmon II I Makkh, Phillips Petroleum Co, Harllcsvillc Okla. IWifir Coast Division Chairman- A I. Aniwhson. Standard Oil Co ,,f Calif , San Fran cisco, Cali I Rocky Mountain Division ( hairinan - lto\n V Osiuimn, Standard Oil Co (Ind ), Casper, Wyoming 1`nst General ( hairmen-- R. W. Hi.ack, Standard Oil Co of N I , Kli/alieth, N J H W Hom.rss, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co, Tulsa, Okla R. S. Honsiii, Standard Oil Co of N. J , New York, N Y A W limn aNti, l.one Star has Co., I >allas, Texas V R Ciikkii , The Texas Co , Houston, Texas. I< E. Donovan, Standard Oil Co of Calif . San l-rancisr C 1. Hii.iiiowfr, United Has Pipe l.inc Co, Houston, Tc C. O I.ih kwihii). Continental Casualty Co , Tulsa. Okla. Calif <if.n. F Pmissuw;, Union Oil Co of Calif , Los Angelos, Calif R R. KoAi-i-.it. Humble Oil Sr Refining Co., Houston, Texas E. J. Sknnk, Socoiiy-Vacuinn Oil Co. Inc., New York, N Y C. W Smith, Standard Oil Co find.), Chicago, III, IV J Wad ai k, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co., Tulsa, Okla Srerctary--11 N Hiakisiff, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N Y Officers 1939-1940 Chairman--C. J. Noiimann, Shell Oil Co , Inc., San Francisco Calif | Ww-aiainumi for Produetion-H T Markff, Phillips Petroleum Co,'Rartlesville Ol IIfcr-Ckflfrnutii for Pipelines--(_ A. Mii iu, 'The Texas Houston 'Texas l^lfc^kairmim far Manufaeinrm,,- ! How aki, Mvfrs, liio Atlantic Refining Co Phi M". Pa ' ' 531 i IJ ''-'tli ,V<//1>*ttftl i m/ift In, < lit nr m ,111 /1 In,I, Inn, |- I; M. I l In. I I,.Ml Mm I. \ . , , / . II. r / .1,1 , II l: \\ n i l ' 'M, r.m ( h. nr m, in I I1 Si \\ I .. Win11- Siai l)iv. S,,,,,iin V.ii until llil In. mi i m .ill Refilling I "I |' . f , N .I- fi<i. I i \ .1UN. I lllli. I III ( II . I- mill.IN . < Hu.. . I mlf < III I ..I |. . I'l.rl Aril,nr. T. x.,. I I I I If-, ,,iNu N. Sl,, || ( l,| ( ,, . I,,, . Si hiiir nmn | II 11 hi >nn Ini, Walcr A --i H'lalril Oil l'n, Nflv York, , ( li.nr tn, in I ( V, m.. I nli Wafer Associated Oil Co, Tulsa, I /niiriiiiiii IInoiin II Min'-, Sun lair I'rairir Oil ( o , I nCa. Okla n in mi t fee ( /iiiirnniii I S Mllllll, Ik. I Ioii-Ioii Oil (o ol I i i:n, lihi'ii ii / loin.mi ( h,nr nmn I W loKO. C In- \llanln Rchiimg ( o . I'hiladclplna, I'a hr,,it /,,<. r l'n in.hi ( Imir until Iknnk IIakkison, I'nro Oil ( <,, (liirago, III hull l>iriii,,,i ( h,iiriii,iit W I ktNi. Magnolia I'ct rolcuin Co. Dallas. Texas Mnt ( mi ti nrn i / *, 7 r r i., 11 < Initr in ,iii l; K I Vni HNMh i, Tide Water Associated ()il (o. I nl-.i. ( Ikla lY.-ni /mil,nut I.ni I lour man Ioiin V\ Whiii, Cities Service Oil Co.. Hast llrain- 1'iiiifn ( mi it 11,11,1, .a I In,it in,in A I Mnhtinson, California Petroleum Safely Hoard. In, . I ,,s Ang,-Iit all I r,nl hener.,1 ( /,,,,rmen If W Hi s, K. Stainlat, I Oil (oof N I , Klizalietli. N J II \\ llu....,-s. Smela,, I'rame 0,1 Co. Tulsa. Okla I,' s Hons,,,, stan.lanl Oil Co of N | . Nevs York, N. Y A \\ Hkmi nnii. I Star l.as Co. 'Dallas. Texas I II ItK.iNN N. 'I I,le Water A ssoeiateil Oil Co , New York. N. Y \ lv I i n ki i . I (>22 I all fur ma A \ e , I f, nisi on, Te x as K I I ins, n n. St aiular ,1 ( )il Co of Cali f . San 1 raurisen, Cali f 1 1 11 n ii i .inn i n l 'ii i teil t .as I 'ipe I me Co , 11 oust on, Texas Co I ..... ( ontiiieiital Casualty Co. Tulsa, Okla 'no | |',,, --s,*,., 1,110,1 0,1 ( ,, of ( alif . los Angeles. Calif I,' It UoNi'iK, 11111111 >1 <- < >,l ,Y Refining Co, lloiision. Texas T I Sinni.s, Vanillin Oil Co . Ine . New York. N Y t W Snuiii, Sian,lanl Oil ( ,. ( I ml ). < In. ago, III D I Wmi n, i. Sm,-Ian Prame Oil Co. Tulsa. Okla Sm, retnry || N lliNKlsin. \,,,eriea,, I'etroleun, lns|,(ute. Ncnn York. N Y TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17, 1939 I lie opening -MM, ol 11 ,e I'el r oleum Se, lion nn.i- , all, il lo oiilei 1 in Celieial ( l ra, 111, a, i | II IIionnii. In, I'rote.lion T.n KMiirei. I nle Walei \-s,,,iateil fill < oil, I'aiiN. Yew York I 11 n . nn l,o |,reside,I Tile lust fealuie n, as a series of lirief reports of sectional conuuiltee chairmen. as follows \f,/t.iinil .li/irifnt, 11, f.eoeral f Irairni.in I II III,mu t nr I',frliiics. ( lias A Miller, Vice t liairman. Petroleum Sertmn, and Assistant lo Manager, The Texas Company, llous- I or I'nuiiii lion, ( I Nolmtann, Vice ('liairman, Petroleum Section, and Manager. Safety Departinenl, Sliell Oil ConipatiN. Ine . San Francisco I'l lrulcum Sretion lor Manitjin lunn,/, I. I. (liairman. Petroleum Sect Director, Socony Vacuum Ine , Ncnn York City Ri'ingcr. Vice in, ami Safety f HI ( ouipany . t or Murk, In,,,. I V R Mel .can. \ ,, ( liairman, Petroleum Sr, lion, and Manage Safely , I iisiii am c Division. Soc.iin ' Ine . I >rtn,,i ( ,enei al ( ban ,,,a "id, i|,, rcKiilailN l'-<l" rs, as f,,||,,w- 'i pa r I mi ul, Wlnlr Star 1 1,11111 ( HI ( ompariy, Educational Problems in Manufacturing Plants By WALTER B. RUST Standard Oil Development Company, Bayway, N. J. Tltc educational problems existing in our refineries may In- stated briefly as follows : job Ii anting, both that Nvlueb teaches (In' 1 Honv to train I lie employees to knurs more aliout tlieir jobs, Uitb in practice and tlieory. 2 Honv to teach them enough alKint the business and its administration >o that they understand things such a -- (a) Why they do viliat they do the NNay they do it. employees their daily routines on specific jobs and the more general training, such as obtained in apprentice courses Safety, of course, is stressed m Ibis practical training The theoretical training might not seem <(iii(e as necessary, since it docs not teach a man Iionv to liettcr perform bis specific job (other than for mental attitude per haps). but i( does inform him in (lie reasons (h) Why they are paid irhal they are paid, Imtli for any partienlar joh and Ix-lnml what be is doing This, in (urn, makes him more flexible and trains biin for considering the salary and wage scale as a whole. (r) How they can better their oivn (nisi tions in their organization Imtli in lank and in wages paid for their joh. (d) Why the various personnel plans are offered to them. greatei responsibilities later The second geueial problem, bow to teach employees inoie about the business and its administration, is receiving more attention every day. Recently 1 bad occasion to re view, souiCNvhat in detail, three |>ersounel publications. "Personnel." `Tersonnel Jour .1. How lo clearly interpret the |>ersoiniel plans to the employees so that they may nal" and "Supervision " A central theme in all of (hem....w....a..s.. that if employers wanted make the licst use of them tsrmeaotoththeiinr duesmtrpial. l relations, they bad to This brief statement sounds rather simple 't(ruecasttiotoliueiigr meminpdlosyeaens as individuals with and obvious, hut when we break these genera) problems down to more specific ones ami tlien actually start to deal with those, e have something very complex F.xpcri- were most sNilling to coopciate with mai dividuals who agement, if liny could be sure that manag moot really bad llicir NNelfaicateat whiethartnraai n- e that managewould mil lake advantage of (linn, if giv< one has taught ns that see shall probably *l'c opportunityIt Is not i z-n In know- ho never lie able lo solve these problems mnipletrly, lint wc kiinsv that nnc must do ,,ur hest, if our companies are going to have rlbiient lalmr forces and if nvc are going to be able to live with our employees as friends rather than enemies I feel that hat industries m general ran do on this matter will largely decide the sm, css ,,i fail re of our capitalistic system much ,atn . e - ..... Mttiw now much an employee should he told ami care* alout Immmu lolil rcKaniiimj the admiuisUa tin of a Immhos1', lint tin- concern whirl has learnnl (he answer to this question ami has an industrial relations program permit ting frankness with tlieir employees on these matins of vital inletuM p, them, prnhahK is in a ui\ h*i t nnate position Many types of problems are involved m draling with the first problem cited, Ihai ,,i how to train our employees how to know mure almiit their job-, L.lli practically ami ihmrctirally. Fmni I In- prarlual end time /\s to pn -s, >nnel plans, most eompanivs otln llieii t iu|i|n\ns a vnnrU, ineliidmvt liiou| iiniuihi, annniu plans, thrift plans and the like 'These nnnpaiiies are not ynHim; the most from this policy, if tlieir emplovev s do Mot fttll> appreeiatc v\hat they Power Press Section Officers 1938-1939 (J,n,-ral ( hair wan - It 1*. Kii"i i , I Vl mil Sled 1'in'liu I - < < . D, hoil. M u li Jn r ( hair man for I i /# i / i / M l\ / i i i n m, IvdiM hi t >, in .I Ll< , h i, A pph.in, , Cm, l iu , l Imago, I ( /imrimoi and S < y < I H III ktt\, Western LIccWu t o , ( In, ago. Ill Veter i.t'Ut'r W I.MTHhi, Agfa Anscn Cnrp. Ihtigltamton, N Y lnoincrrm</ ( otnunttir-- loins itowAks ({ h,firman), l.ilurn Mutual Insurance Co, Mot ion, Mass () ( Mmi a11, KC A Manufacturing Co., Inc., Camden, N J \- W I*|ski, The Hi evser-Titchcucr C'orp.C ortland, N Y lfo,W> Cnmmi/bv-- I >n K .1 l'i M'ini (( hatrman), Pullman Slainlai <1 l at M fk Co, Pullman, C hiraK", HI K I*.. ( i- ni, Timken K*dh Hearing ( n,( anion, C Mio luilustrtal I hifa S Ac#'/ ( omimlltt' *\\ I (kav>s ((_ hainnan). Mulligan Mulual 1.lability Co, Detroit, Mu li. W C Hakvh. Whiting t oip , l lai vv>. 111 |<. W. I bmsoN, t lorbani Manufacturing C o , Llnnvood, Providence, K l M,tttbcrshtf* ( mnimltcc L ( Si inn iis, Jh (( hatrman). l Hager ,N Son-. ILuge Min ( o . St Louis, Mu. U A ()K.mn<i m, lUiultx I'lo'bnl'' lh\ . Hendix Aviation t otp, Snuili Mend, Iml \ j Lawkinii. American Forging Socket t n, Pontiac, Mich r.Mtcr ( oiimufbv - J U C ox f( hatrman). Fairbanks Miioc & Co, Hdoit, Wis Tims I). L \w . t hu ida, I til, ( hicida, N Y H A Zaiiiaki, Henry Vogt Machine Co, Louisville. K> Dayrtitii Ci'mmiffiv-- V C Pinihi-ion f( luurman). West Lvnu Plant, t o. West Lynn, Mass M. J Fm.uman, C.eneial American Transportation Corp . Chicago, 111 I IV Leonard, Wave Knox Co, Pittsburgh, Pa C S Pun t u s Keverc ('upper & Hrass, lm . Koine. N. Y < n ueral F'lertne r*Miilly C . D Lvif (t hatrman). Libber Itmlv Cleveland Div . I n ueral Motors i>rp. C levrlaml. ()lno H A MrDoNAin, Krie Forge C o, Kne, Pa (irtii/irt CounmtfiU- P I Hkano C( /mirunm), Pullman Standard can. Chicago, 111 H j Mini-, Scovill Mnimfaelin mg Co. Watrrhmv, ('nun K K Twin, Kmpire Sheet & Tin Plate ( <>., Mansfield. Ohm Cai Mlg Co, Pull- Wrfr lustra* titni ( iinf ( omnntt, , ( It I miminu (( hmritnm). Intel national Husmess Machines Corp.f l*.iulie<itt. N V' ( A DvMoni.v, Kdse> lla\e'* \\ bed t , Detroit, Midi i K Ijhmn, Scintilla Magneto t o. Inc, Sidney. N Y ^ II )*Fnn i K, Hai nisi lifem r t'orp.. Milwaukee, V\ ts fmd IHucnftoii ( hhiiiii//<v I. Pun It kuon (< /nnrm.m). MeCord Padiatnr X: M fg C. I Vtroit. Midi K Akimiii. Inlm Dt,r, H.ovt'Nr \\*rk- 1 V< r \ Fa-t Molme, ) L Ftci.ntRM ksos, t hicago Man/uare I otmlr\ Co. North ( hieago. III C J Km n. Colonial Kadn Corp , ItutTaUn N Y V"i al Litr*ic-- RrtMAN. Western Lledrir Co, C'liicago, III III t Lihson, Westein F.leetric ( o, Chicago, III y*7 >.V,,, Snl.lv < ,,r,'vc >i llul.l.aid S|......I I ... I In, ago, Ill . .1 M\M..I...I..-.IIWM. luI ..l>1i111 i<>i<. II ,.rnr KMSidta.mping t'n. Walkirvdle, Out, Canada I ll> < \t MK m - n i \mnii;U) < .ill < m , < Im a^i, M) II Si mnu *. I^rrli.mk- M-.r-c & < .. . Jtrlnit. WU I \h\ \limiMiiun l.m.ilv Mf>* < i* , M amtowoc. Wis 1 \\ mi m v-,. < .r< *( I akt s J;r>:r < o , < 'UAao, HI I'ojo, r l'rr.\.\ S> < lion * ( , III NlO \M.mU Oip . f atstn^. Mil !i ,, , ..................... . l-K` *S,` StampiMk V < T <) Ml tsNi h. Amt ru an ( ail ( O . t lm .1^0. I (1 |l K Roi KIK'I I , I >t ttoit St* t t Prod"' ts ( . . 1 tclioil. Mo l, S M Si mnKiK. );or Rank' M*i sc t n , ! Rl. ut. We H I. Vus. Aliuumum I ioo*U Maim(a tmuu C. o . Mamtow *K J W'ai i man, <>rcat l.akcs l-'orne ( o , C Incan'*, ill 569 Officers 1939-1940(*rirr.i/ < /t.iirotwtj M R /iiium, KliMit (mural I'lci lric Appliance ( . Inc, ( liuano, HI Vuri iunrvummi A,<?. , 1,1 I H,-lhik-kr >t, Wihtrosrlrrni)k Iit . HIIHoi<ik\ai o, (, IKtU( aA^o,MIIaI.mifartiu m* Inc., Ca> ,, ,r A) l non >n\>. ' j lU,rt> Mutual Insurance Cf.`i. Hle<sisolon., !m. \ I s H.IHNK- l< hair *<">). Mxrt> i / m ; m 1'i'f uf,/ ( .nitmt/irr 1i,.. . . ) . hIt"f'it ) /mIui-hki11.fi Mi u 1- ltn< u<\Vf<MI im|i vIniHni><r(Ct, o'/rid)>ir,m<fMoritj.Uml, N YG. eneral hicctric Apfrliancc C. o, WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 18. 1939 Joint Meeting with the Automotive and Machine Shop Section (Tin- Ui|xjrt of tliiv Sc^-ion will lie found on 1'kc 2S2 of this Volume) I- I \ki.mii. (f-lm Mn-w lla.vHa Works, I >ccrr & ( u , Kas| Monlminc. HIlIl in, I ( Mi,,. l m iiimKh knmn, ( liiraxo Hardware 1 omulrv (o, North ( liicatfo. Ill ( I Koi it. < olomI ta l RRadIio l(>fu\rRp. inMuf/T(a/lojii,irNmuYn.J, I'ulltttau Standard (.at Manilla* limn)! lm< i<u1IA. r11t-.ilf P.h,mt/,si ti S,IimTini*am->/;ki>(r. u,I>ISRmonlnUt'ti,rHe\a\i I ( (t..K, A( \hansto(nC,hOaRirttmo tn). Michigan Mutual Liability THURSDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 19. 1939 Power Press Safety--Panel Discussion < OWR. I \V(\ limIUMln,kavMsm/u,.vUIt t IutUn Riiia*m< oM(|a.m. iMLuantunn-n^HII'm, Klmwood. Rrovulcua, K I Sh-mbt-r <htf* ( <<nn>ntf,i- i } I.ihhi f( hitirnunt), Scintilla Magneto I hv , llendix Aviatnw Tlie session was called lo order !>y t.ennl Cliairman 11. !v llorkliolT, Develo|>- F. J. Kiegel, Western Electric Company, Chicago. R N Mwmni.ivi. |{< <td'\ l`r<*-lui ts Miv , IUiuIik Aviation ( orp, SotUlt ll< ud, lud < -rp. Sultu^. \" Y Rio/rr )l o1 m\twtnkffi,m-,*i, NAmVrniR.m/Vino,rji'niutf(ChSaoircmkeatn)i,oA. lluAmmmtiancm. MCiodmi pany of America. Nc RriisinmMii Works. New k< iMn|im. Pa I hou \ > | \u . f >(tn<la. 1 nl . < tncida, N A' l r,*(;IrI,irnA (//'mwiiu\h//i,,vI It'iu \( \ mSui fmMu aucsln,ne|kK o/(7, itmmrniwniddU, \(.K \Ma^cr ^ Sons llin^r Mamifar MlfMniK1 ( nIn, Sf I M.nitllos.,enMcr.o,;d` Imrnun 'TOuaniv^i|Mmuh tuathion Cf. orp(i,. {( 1m ^^o. HIlIl I'lihh* , itsy I('i,itiui mi iiu-.l.t,,K- ev<ere I(t o|I'|iniirhcVo.ItfUit-h--i.nrIniiuc,niH),omInet.eNriiaYtiimnl Hiimiii*'S M/u liim s t orp, 11 ' W'H,N' " ' ( lin, C< Rt. .v.dIannildil., <OMhmio t 1,I.!., It KNMTY. 1 o lii-r ,,,,,h )!...!% , ( levi-Uu.l ... ............ OlV, Hem.............. .. Mif, IIIi A/ii'/Mrni .I flio.M%i I m o, .inI-! i(,, uInhnin^iil-t,(v ,, . I l-.nl\e. .I'o'x. (C tuuriiuw), lair haiiW- Muoc to. Ilelwl inent Department, Detroit Steel I'rodncls lompany. who presided while the report of the Noniinatinsr Committee of the Sec[ Iron was presented anil officers elected for I the cominR year. A list of these, witli ac me committees, is given elsewhere in this reconl Chairman Km khoff also made a brief | report of activities of the Section and of j .ommittee Chairman during the past year. [ He then turned the meeting over to Mr. ) D flerman. Director of Safety and Hrallli of the Western Kleetrie Company. 1st , Hawthorne Works, ( hit ago. who pended during the I'ancl Discussion, to hirh the remainder of the session was HiI - \ I )i Mom.i , Ki I., > U;v\e% VYlicel Co . lVfroil, Micft %f.t/i'. r i,if, (I'i,,iiniiin/inu., ,)l;ir|m' -i| lifrlK',ncirnti'ior/(]i,/nMiiiflwnianuiMke. eI,'tWtllnini.an Standard ( :\r Mamifadurrai Innled. Chairman Herman introduced the nirm- Wr nf (he I'ancl, as follows: T O. Meisiu r, Aiiiciicnn ( an Cmnpanv. Touis Doraks. Liberty Mdtual Insur ance Company, Boston. N. V. B. 7.iegler, Atuniinum Company of America, New Kensington, Pa. J. C. Rower, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing, East Pittsburgh. Pa. CHAIRMAN BERMAN: The first first question on the lineup is : "Should Doggies Be Worn by Punch Press Oper ators?" We arc going to ask Mr. G. B. Tybring to disettss this question. After which, anyone else on the panel may enter the discussion, and the question will also Uc open for members from the floor. MR. TYBRING: It occurs to me that the answer is found within the question itself, by transposing the words to read, "Guggles should he worn by press operalors." We all agree lhat goggles should he worn and the eyes should he protected * ". I'InltMmi.nmi.. s( ,Im,n.,m|| oM. I,I\Ioo i .u lining l ,. W'a Ii i Inn >. Conn | 0.gr>. , C R l yhring. Interiiatioiial lliisiness in any circumstance where the eyes arc exposed to living particles. There is no 11, mI)',-Or t ,Hiti )ku i% W i .1, ,,, 1 Inin, ( ,, , Clm.mo, HI [ iachines Cori>oration, Kndieolt, N. Y. argument against that. lit llnn-M,, llu Id,,n.l S,..... | Co, Clm.m.i,. ill. '.'// \ III i< >thll \ it I . t Y ( ,> III II <' V v um , I. i. nil. .1 lm i I.l- Hh.m i. v, .lrd lh.it lunk In.im .111.1 11 m ........ linn: ->l UK) II. Mink- -.1 A- ... .! I n ' n>ln.i < >nr I < g *1 I Jl " *1 * ' |T. -lill.il Hill li-tlH 1 ll Itl I - .HI'I II ic Ii.nolln.y ..I .m . . I II- l-v ..in iiM.i li.'Mi'- I In nMii.i^n t.il.l llic new ilrivi i 11< >( In h I I I. r Ml < X. .ll 1 Si) IU A[U\ In l.inl.l a I. n I r f.. i Mint; llir shrimp house 1 lux w.f done, I.Ml the iiunaurr faded I < > lit* W tl|> In s*. if ll \\nfk.| nlll xltsf.M A (rw iimiimiK' Uln the new .Inver was lilting uni rml .l tin- KM) It. block up anti . >vt*i I 111 * X \ im-s mt nil.ei at (lie r< ar >f lit* I mi. k with Ins ha. k 1 llic milMtle edge *t tin milk bed I Ins, til enurM*. was tlit* wmnK wa\ In liamlle the it e. which slipped ami Mail..I .Inwii 11 n- chute A helper oil flit g t min< I giahh<<! al the sliding hint k will) >nr [...tnl n| his tongs anti the nther point "Iiik k (In .Inver in (hr leg I'nssil.tlilv >! a ie. in rente <>l this mishap was easily * Imunate.l h\ tutting the l x A the width ..I (hr h t ami plating il on limit's so tlt.il ll i. t tt.nl. I shoot mlo lh. finite mst* rn l )>* mg pulled mlo il \ short hme Inti i in I In saint .lnlii.1 a linti was tiavehng min I hi stin at .iImhiI I 'D in tin aflemnnii ami (ill asleep Ills liii.k hit a inii.irtf hndge al.nl inenl, ami In was st \ e i I \ injuntl I il ves| igat l nl ptoved that this timer hail hern getting up everv da\ at l oVIoek in (he morning In tleliver itf to an oil tamp ami then working right "ii until evening ll hail been only a short time sinec a similar prohlem hail been worked out hy putting on an extra employee. A sreoml at inlent occurring for the same reason was )iM ton ninth A speeial investigation revealetl that this manager was not on the 1 oh am! it Imamr neeessarv to lake drastic aet it in H he had lieen giving proper supervision hy making the rounds with the employees, he would have deterted the safely violation ami < mil.l have rorreeled it. thereby avoiding these accidents These three eases clearly illustrate what will happen to men when fliev In not have proper supervision Al'JOUKNMlN'l Rubber Section General Cliatriitaii--)< 11,11 . Corduroy |<(l|,|10r , l-'tce-Chairmtin in ( hargt <f I'r.utr,i,_R. VV Mohsi . - n''', Kal'",s- Mich Akron, Oliio. ' ''..-Iomo Tire ft Secretary--OmiH Hoi-kins, l' S Kohlier Co, Providence. It I A'lii r Letter l.ilitor--C VV Uffokii, Ohio KnlilterCo, Willoughby, Ohio l.nniiieering Committee Chairman- K M i'll S. I-aknum, ll S Kuhlier I Health Committee- I >K. VV. S Asm, 0 S Knhlirr Co., IV.ioil, Mich. Dk 1". A. Davis, Tin- Goodyear Tire Hi Klil-W Co , Akinn, Ohm 'Vtroit, Mnh l). | Niwion Siiihi IV, Arrow Mutual Liability Inniumc Co, Watertown, Mass Membership Committee Chairman -H M Wfimfk, The Da\ ton Rnbl " Co, Dayton. Ohio. /'kMiiUv Cniiimillre Chairman -John 1. Gkmifk, Aim-man Hard Kohhei tviass. Maiiufaclnrint; Statistics Committee Chairman Km ani> Kasihi, l) S Rubber Cn . N Members at Large-- John I Loot, The General Tire Si UnhlK-r Co, Akron, Ohm J E j.nvAS, 0. S. Kohlier Co., l'assaic, N J ' Unller, N J York, N Y. W. H MaiKay, Dnnlop Tire 8i Itubher Corp, Ilnffalo, N Y Urban I. Mm kb, Inland Div , Ceneral Motors Corp , I >aytm Wn.i iAM Stanton, American Hard Unblx-r Co, Akron, Ohio. Ohm I'aui Van Cik, Van Cleef Hrothers, ChicaKo, 111 I) G Wn.ni, Hewitt Kuhher Corp, Buffalo, N. Y Last General Chairmen-- K W. IIuk, U. S. Kuldicr Co , New York, N Y. A M Dinz, IVinisylvania Kutiher Co , Jeannette, l'a C F Horan, H(id Rtiliher Co , Watertown, Mass 1 T Klt'Ntv, The (iootlyrar Tire Hi Ktihlk-r Co, Akron, Ohio H A VV'stKtk, The C.ootlr ear Tire & UnWier Co, Akron. Ohm O_f_fi_ce_rs 1939-1940 l.enernl Chairman --K. W Motto, The Firestone Tire ft Kuhhci < tt , Aki l irr (/i.nrmmi to Charge of I'mgrnm-OuM* Hoi-kins f s Knhl.t i K I '. oi,,, 'nrr(.ir\--C W Urnikt), Ohio Hnhlx-r Co , WilloiiKhhv, Ohm Vrtej l etter F.tlitnr--Kai i-ii S. J;arnom, U, S. Kuhlx-r Co., Detroit, Mn h Crov-nh-i ftjinerring Cnmiinllee Chairman--D. (. Wki ell, Ilew-ilt Knhhcr Corp, Itnffaln, N Y Irallh >r l) Committee--Dr. VV S Asti r rt. Davis, The Goodyear J. NfwtdN Simrikv. Arrow (Chairman), II. S. Ruhlier Co, Tire....f.tii.Rus.bbKenr hClko-..r CAkor,onD,eOtrhoiot. Mutual Liability Insurance Co , DIW1M.e, antrP.th.oe...ir.t.At..o....wM. aDnmna,h,vMiNsa., sTsh. e fioodyrar I'ire ft Kuldicr Co Wem|)btersIhil<NCtomsm-itcte-e Chairm` an--John 1. f.ktiiFk, American Hard Robber Co, Htule S' J ,.NHirity Committee Chairman -R M. Wmim, I be I'avlon Robber MannfacInrinR < i IXvton, Ohio ftrfu.irr Committee Chairman- G K Tim, l1 S Robber Co. Naugatuck, Conn. Mrwkrrt at Large-- ) I l.or.F, General Tire ft Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio I K I.ovas, U. S Rnhher Civ, I'assair, N J. 623 .'Y,/i Witnnuil Snfi'l\} ( innn \\ II M m K u .......... . I M,\ Kul.l,. i ( ,,T|. . Hullaln, N Y I m.s-, I \|.,i i h. 1111.1 m 11 I i, v . I .rnrial Mol. .r ( nrp . I l.islmi. ( Him i I'm. iim.ii II..II ll.iml Plant. l: S Riihhcr Mishawaka, Ind Wo Si vnimn \nHaul Rubber ( ... AUm.ii, I Him I'm.i V,m ( i t m . Van Mi, I Hi... . ( In. ago. Ill /..</ (..-Il.-r.i / I In, I.I.I.'I. I W III. k. r s Kill,I.. I ( ,1 . New Y,.11>, N Y KA ......... I in. Kill,III! ( ... l.ian.l Rapid', Mi.I, \ M I hr iz. Pciuisvhaina Rubber I n , Jeannette, Pa i I I 1, * m s n , Rubber ( ii. Watertown, Mass I I K n ini v, I Ik I ,,iii.K rai Titr & Kulilier Co. Akron, l Hiin TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17.1939 I Ilf (IJMMIHIK SC < Moll <>f lllf KllMlCr S<'t Im.ii was < hi (.In li\ ( .t iirral ( Imii man K A Hullni k, )\ rsonnel Dircclor, I lie ( niihjTny Kuhhrr (Ompany, (ran<l UapuK. Muli, vvlio presided Chairman Itullmk fir^t made a hncf report of the a< tivitirs >f seitmnal foinmitlees <1 nrinK lh<* pa-'f vrar, anil then mtiodured I lie scheduled speakers l Tnh>r t niMtrl\ (he fmmal paper to I* pre"rntrl on tin- Mifipcl of "Carlton Tctra > lilnridc in the Uuhh. i Indu-lty" was not available, an.I m tin ahsrm e of the slndnld v prakcr a 'li.nl . It m 11 '.'n n i riiMird I cd I >>* W I'll..i,|. I Y i x.imhI M ,iiUKr. The Ohm hnhh,, ( ,,||||I,,,|N. WilloiiKhhv. olno. ih*'- iliv. inMim has l.ern MimiiDn/nl hv Mr l 11**1.1 |.n lli,-'-, ITansa, li<*n^ as f.! h.w . Carbon Tetrachloride Problems It was pointed out that mam of the small companies, m particular, have used carbon tetrachloride m washes and solvents in order to reduce the fire and explosion hazards to the jtcoplc haiidhitK these materials There is no question hut that these same com panies have experienced a wave of carbon tetrachloride sickness as a irsult and that there is room for considerable discussion as |n a solution to the problem Ventilation on lixid installations ran re duce tin fume hazard materially, but the problem of local and oftentimes unauthor ized ue of rarlxm tetrachloride for isolated M'hs `till presents a real problem The <|iieshon is, can a suitable control or a suitable substitute l>e found for earlum tetra chloride? The discussion showed that many com panies have definitely experienced ill effects from the use of carlnm tetrachloride; to such an extent that many of the companies represented have prohibited its use in any form and have substituted a standard clean ing solver; known as Stoddard's Solvent of Solvent No 5, which is used commonly large quantities with complete safely in the cleaning industry. Substitute! Dry Slowly This point brought up the fact that mam of the substitutes for carUm letrachlmnk arc very slow m drying and that factor lias kept their use out of many operating* Several representatives said, however, the difference was s<, slight as to lie gihle and the advantage so great ; warrant a change in the expected opfi tune No definite conclusion was reached though the majority of representative* that carlmn tetrachloride had lcen elii from their use. and that hv correct the various substitutes under condiliu able to their pccuhai it ies, very Mini results had been obtained Another of representatives said that they ha<l satisfactory results from s and that they were still faced will ard of cartmn tetrachloride, part washes, though not so much in sol I\ uhhrr Sri lion Progress of Safety in the Rubber Industry By ERNEST W. BECK Supervisor ol Safety, United States Rubber Company, New Yoik Citi ()2.S National Safi-ty < .urn, il today shows il.r rubber mdii-lry a* third i i scscrilv ami ft/lh m Ircquru, \ among thirty inapu in ilustrios At the time id the organization id (In Kulilier Section id the National Safety l ..nnril in 1919 the rnhlier industry was iritardrd as a inrist hazardous one Alter .ireutiiiiis work and el.isr* em.peratimi on the |utl <d everyone ill the industry, in 1931 il stood I,nth in frequeue)' and ninth in oscrilv amnio" twenty-eight leading iinliislues In 1936 we look fifth plaee on the lasis of frequency ami .erven,ft on the basis i>( severity in a list of thirty industries Our constructive work was really started twenty years ago when the Executive Comnltre of the Rnhlier Section. N SC, frnmoted the written standard practice for "twirtinR accidents. As a result our indusI.) can show accident figures for coinparHive purposes as far back as 1921. Annual statistical reports show that the ^dominating number of serious accidents muring in the rubber industry were due to arlnnery. Some of this machinery, such as Ih. cannot lie guarded at the point of fetation With this in mind, the Executive fmnmittce of the Section devoted considual.le attention to cooperating with maAmrry manufacturers, electrical equipment anularlurers, rnhlier manufacturers and *e>lr Urparlmr.il' of l.ahor, on the subject f drawing up a sian,lard safely rode cov- "I safety factors on mills and calenders, approved code was printed in March, and distribute,I as recommended p-ariicr dmnnr - - s, ------------ I'n.l, ml sp, Section ami lh,' ( III tile Kill,he I Si >n, N S C a complete i,|h",,Hi ,oil "11,11/ ,.r "P and Kulilier leee Seel d national n ... t..h..r..o..u. gh niis III,,,,, The annual meet ings, has given publicity to outstanding authorities on such subjects as "Compound ing Materials Used in the Rubber Industry," "Static I'.lerlricity," "Vulcanizing," "lire and Oust Hazards in the Rnhlier Industry," "I hgesters," "Hazards of Reclaiming," "Oc cupational Skin I hsrases." etc During the past year om Kulilier Section recognized the importance of revising Safe I'ractiees I'amphlets RU I and KU-3-- "Compounding Materials Used in the Rub ber Industry " The work is in charge of a committee of which Hr W. A Gibbons, United States Rubber Company, I'assaic, N J, is chairman Inasmuch as many rub ber manufacturers are hesitant to use com pounds which are not listed in the Safe Practices Pamphlets, it becomes a matter of concern to both the manufacturer and user that correct information regarding the later chemicals now in use in rubber compound ing he classified and listed. A large numlier of questionnaires have been sent out to both manufacturers and users of rubber chemicals, and the work of this committee will assist materially in the safe handling of certain chemicals and compounds In the development of .lie Rnhlier .Sec tion safety program an excellent spirit of cooperation was created among 1 he safety engineers of the industry Rubber com panies while c,.micti!."i m the ma-krtinr; -h- - fm s-, - *............ m mil* an: -.i i- l t * J*--rr u ir--. it lie if caimder rolls among the employees "'--t number of companies which I The survey covered a spread of nnplovees and an exposure of more njDoo.ooo manhours worked each m a total of 165,000,000 manhours These same rnhlier companies re hat one accident at the lute of mill WJ5 with a c.,sf ,,f *8S0 - -S JJUCIS ,, Is - 1- ( I mj;or problem as the accident cost in large ruh- licr companies over a pertod of 15 years shows that much less than 1 per cent of the total expense was paid for occupational disease, including chemical hazards We seldom hear of a rase of lead, benzol or aniline poisoning in onr industry The fact that many large rnhlier companies carry their own compensation insurance has tended :sth Nalumni Saft'lx Canffress i\\\ urr ami win* I hr sl.u Hiroo1 '<>11 and tlial X wmiM hr t> llte AilvaiXagM t vriNunr to mushier it frnm lh;X |nml < \mv\. not nn1> in mHMiW'rJltmH of fa l'fs hut in rvrft < "million will) \\b4 I hr fotrman ha- |n dial Steam Railroad Section Officers 1939-1940 . llHOUh'NM / M trill Chairman--K 1- Hfnrv, Chicago & North Western Railway to, t luujo, III kt Chairman--D G. Phii i.irs, Wahasli Railway Co, St Louis, Mo nilmy and Nrn< Idler I'.dtlar -- IV I' lluiMF, C hu ago. Huilmgtim & (Jnmcy UailioaO |Co. Chicago, III I Chairman, J. R. Tf.nnfv. Western Maryland Railway Co, Hagerstown, Mil icrship Chairman, Robfrt Stott. Atlantic Coast l.ine Railroad t o , Wilmington, N C utics Chairman, T. H. ('arrow, Pennsylvania Railroad, I'liiladclidna, Pa Ini Chairman, C I. CaFountainf, Great Northern Railway, St Paul, Minn Chairman, 1. J. Bfnson, Chicago. Milwaukee, St Paul hi Pacific Railroad Co, | Oucno. 'Practices I'amf'hlrl Chairman, W J Wfii, Delaware, l.aekawanna & Hudson Rad | romI. Scranton, Pa. malicm 6" I-leclinns Chairman, W C Siifivfr, Vhiion Pacific Railroad t o Omaha l Nek '' fit Chairman, I)r. IkVINi; S CtllirK, t liicago ft North Westell! Railway C o, Chicago. TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17. 1939 | IV n|ieinng session oi Steam Railroad ales was called to order hy Iv 1 ly. Assistant to the General Manager, Un & North Western Railway ( ton pany. < Im ago, who |nesidrd t hairinan Henry welcomed the delegates, sketched the program of sessions hrirlly, and then mtrodneed the first shaker Safety Today and Tomorrow on American Railroads By CARL R. GRAY, JR. Executive Vice President, Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn. | There is one thing in which I will not ta hack seat for anyone, and that is the tst 1 have in "Safety." Perhaps it is i from inheritance that 1 gather my in in this work--perhaps front the Cli ent ami association I have had with i who believe in safety, who preach it, hn practice it constantly. Perhaps it wn the stand|Kiint of realization that one of the greatest factors in the so of tlie transportation problem. But r it is one or the other, or a part of 11 know that I am definitely, completely holeheartedly devoting a considerable i of mv life to tlie improvement--hv, safety--of the lives of all of our people Naturally I should lie most interested in the safety performance of the Omaha Rail road; hut one cannot Ik safety-minded and fail to recognize and Ik interested in and a part of safely as it is understood in the business world today. One has hut to look at the program of this Congress to realize wlial a tremendous place safety has taken in tin- lives oi the American people, for it permeates the very suds of so many of us It is, anil has lieen, a complete success I irad all I can concerning early American railroading Herr is a clipping from an Fnglish new spa|icr of March (>, 1R69, quol- 0-15 Safety Exposition Exhibition Hall--A. C. Auditorium Alphabetical Liat of Exhibitors of Industrial Safety Equipment Acme Protection Equipment Co.. Inc , Pittaburgh, Pa Gas Masks. American Book Co., New York. N. Y. School Book Publishers American Chain ft Cable Co.. Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. Manufacturers of Wire Hope, Chains and Chain Products American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp., Elmira, N. Y. Fire Protection Equipment. American Optical Co., Southbridge, Maas. Head and Eve Protection Products, Safety Clothing. leuich ft Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N, Y. Safety Goggles and Safely Lenses tear Manufacturing Co., Rock Island, III. Vehicle Inspection and Correction Equipment India Products Division of Bendix Aviation Corp., South Bend. Ind. Automotive Equipment. Steering Stabiliser. Brake Testing Kquq.mmi 1mm Shoe Co.. St. Louis. Mo. Men and Women's Safety Shoe*t R. Browne Manufacturing Co.. New York. N. Y. Safety and Special Purpose Lights and Lamps ILBuhrkc Co.. Chicago, III. Safety Equipment for Construction and Maintenance ghs Wellcome ft Co., (U.S.A.) Inc.. New York, N. Y First Aid Kits and Medical F.quipincut -lphoil Co., Dallas, Texas. Foille for Burns and Industrial Wounds, ftilds ft Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. ladustrial Safety Shoes. Cleveland Overall Co., Cleveland, Ohio. _Ssft Industrial Work-Clothing and Uniforms, ~^ Hoist Co., Danville, 111. Coding Hand and Electric Hoists. _ks McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonawanda, N Aloy Steel Sling Chains and Safety Hoists. 1 Cover, South Bend, Ind. Respirators and Rubber Safely Goggles *!:ck-Terry Shoe Corp., Lynchburg, Va. Unstrial Safety Shoes. Y C Emergency Equipment Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. * Rnt Aid and Industrial Safety Equipment. Dockaon Co., Detroit, Mich. Read and Eye Protection Equipment. : Engineering Corp., Chicago, 111. fire Extinguishing Equipment. 715 \w/i Yiitioihil Sillily ( oin/itw K I ilu I'ont df Nemours & Co , Inc , Wilmington, Delaware. M .(Ill I I ,1. I 11 r I i I.l \|<|].|| Ik S\ lltlil I It K 111 ih< I ,111(1 I'l 11 I rk 11 ami ( F.aglc Glohe Royal Indemnity Companies. New York. N Y '^.il(l\ I 11 g , i n i 11, g \iir<>iin.[i(r Hinlii and Ma<lini('r\ Serine, Kagle Signal Corp , Moline, III 1 t.iIIm Sicn.il. and I oiilrnlh,' Klliott Service Co . New York, N Y 1' 11 urn >11. ai ..1 } 11 n n in \ and Salel\ Charles K Krnst, Inc , Buffalo, N Y ^a 11 i \ ll.iinl and ! >i uni Handling Fi|inpmint i-ualt Fairway Laboratories, Inc , St Louis, Mo ''all I aid, I- and I >,-|n iim rl innell System, Inc , Elkhart, Ind. I In 11 n I 11 m ,, \l an il i nain e Fa |lli |nin nt and t nm|M mini' Franklin Research Co.. Philadelphia, Pa. I lour Mamie,nun c Mat, rial' Harley Davidson Motor Co.. Milwaukee, Wis. Police M(it, II, (I lev, Ser\ i ( arc and Acec-viricc Hoof Products Co.. Chicago, 111 M..t... Vein, le Speed ( nnlri.l < .ovimore and Brake F \r- Hynson. Westcott & Dunning, Inc., Baltimore, Md. Men nr..( hr..m. First \,,1 Antiseptic, I liantic lozenges Indian Motocyele Co, Springfield, Mass. Poll, i M..I..1.1,1,, and Fiiminucut Industrial Gloves Corp, Danville, III. !udu"t,(al bal.lc ( Inllnng Industrial Products Co., Philadelphia, Pa. I ndinl i nil Sa 1, 1 \ F ipilpmenl Insto Gas Corp , Detroit, Mich 1 >ac I Iperaleil I . n dire and Fumade International Chain & Manufacturing Co., York, Pa. I ug lo infori id I n r ( Fame International Shoe Co, St. Louis, Mo. I 11 Feet Safeti Shore. Juvenile Wood Products. Inc., Fort Wayne, Ind. \in.mu,hile Safetc Scale for Children. Kar-Tell Spot-O Parking Meter Co, Portland, Oregon. N iiioinatu . ( at Mounted Parking Meters. Kent Co, Inc , Rome, N. Y. Flr.lrir Flooi S, rttlihmg and ( leaning F.,tiiipinriil. Keystone View Co, Meadville, Pa. Visual Safcu T, ,n Walter Kidde & Co, Inc . New York, N Y, hue Pi olei t inn F i|ili|iuu 111 The Kimball Safety Products Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Salelc ( lollmig and Inillletri.d (niggles Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Allentown, Pa. l eather and Kuhher Safety Shoes Lightfoot Schultz Co.. New York, N. Y. Toilet Soaps for Industrial Washroom Use Stiffly i \ f'n^ihon The Lima Cord Sole and Heel Co., Lima, Ohio. Nnn Slip Snlre and Heels Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Co.. Chicago, III. Automobile, Compensation and (.corral ( a'-ualti In-mi am r Lyon Metal Products, Inc. Slmwcrway. Lockers, Shelving, Folding ( linns The Martindale Electric Co.. Cleveland, Ohio Stretcher Cols, Safety Road Sign-., Itcspn atm - (m Non I n\u I lusts Masury-Young Co., Boston, Mass. Materials (nr Finishing and Maintaining Safe Floors Thom McAn Safety Shoe Co., New York, N. Y. Timm McAn Safety Shoes. Medical Specialties Co., Indianapolis. Ind. The llargcr Drunkoineter. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. Life, Health, Arcidenl, Pension and (.roup Insurance. Milbum Co., Detroit, Mich. Protective (`ream for Prevention of (iceupational Skin Diseases Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Appliances and First Aid Materials The Morse Magneto Clock Co., New York, N. Y. Watchman's Clocks The National Conservation Bureau, New York, N. Y. Safety Education, Traffic Enforcement and Industrial Matr nal National Production Co., Detroit, Mich. Wire Rope Sling Clamps. National Safety Council, Inc., Chicago, III. Posters, Bureau of Information, Research and F.,localinn Division Oakite Products. Inc., New York, N. Y. Industrial Cleaning Materials and Methods Occupational Hazards. Cleveland, Ohio. Trade Magazine Dealing with Occupational Hazards G. H. Packwood Manufacturing Co., St. Louis, Mo. Safety Hand Soaps for Industrial Plant Use. hnther-Panco Rubber Co., Inc., Chelsea, Mass. Safety Soles and Heels. The Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Safety Ladders and Scaffolds Priamo Safety Corp., Huntingdon, Pa. Luminous Markings for Highway Safely, hotectoseal Co., Chicago, IB. Safety Devices for Hazardous l.ii|iiids Mmoaan Safety Equipment Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. I Industrial Safety Products I >yrene Manufacturing Co.. Newark, N. J. Fire Protection Ki|iiipmcui. law Manufacturing Co.. Denver, Colorado. Industrial Safety Products, htmelin Manufacturing Co.. Milwaukee, Wis. Welding Fume Collectors, Exhaust Fans, Cloth Type Dust Collectors. 71H National .Safety ( onffre.w Safeguard Klcctnv Co.. Inc , Brooklyn. N. Y. SI m h U ;r i.i \ I'ikuI'Ic Lamp ( mants The Safety Clothing Co.. Cleveland, Ohio. Iniluvinal Sah lv h|iu|>m(nl Safety Engineering, Alfred M. Beit Co.. Inc . New York, N. Y. "Safriv 1 titfnn * i u'K. liMii.im r I ' ul >1 uat u *n s ami Reports The Safety Equipment Service Co., Cleveland. Ohio. ( --kkIcs .mil \ II | \ | >(-' < 11 \m nlrnt I'rcvcnlinii Lqin pine lit. Safety First Shoe Co . Holliston. Mass. Safrt\ SIhm'' Safety First Supply Co., Pittsburgh. Pa. lndiiNiii.il and Municipal Safely Products Safway Steel Scaffolds Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Salv%a\ Steel ^ialTld Kquipment W. H Salisbury & Co., Inc., Chicago. III. Linemen's RuMin Protective Devices The Sanitary Institute of America, Chicago, 111. S te ril i / rd liulu-dtial Wiping ('Inthv A Schrader's Son, Brooklyn, N. Y. P.^r. PrrsN Pnnmuti.' Safet\ .......... ... Devices A Smith & Son, Inc , Philadelphia, Pa. Serves Slri li In i s .uni ( an v.ls Special I ICS The Spencer Turbine Co., Hartford, Conn. Industrial \ a< titnn ( leanei s and I hist ( oiled i-.n Lquipnu nl Standard Safety Kquipment Co.. Chicago, 111. Industrial Safds Equipment Stonehouse Signs, Inc., Denver, Colorado. \t . idrnt Prrwiilh.n SiK'*" and Tanv The Strauss Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safe! \ 1 ! elim l s ,i,,d Safety Hells Sugar Beet Products Co., Saginaw, W. S. Mich. Industrial Soaps The Surty Manufacturing Co.. Inc., Chicago, 111. Point o t ( )per a 11< m ( ma id< Trafhscope. Inc , Minneapolis, Minn. Mcvnr for Vievsmg (Incoming Traffic at Hill(rcv| Trimont Manufacturing Co., Inc., Roxbury (Boston), Mass. S.ifrlv Steel Pipe Tools U. S Hoffman Machinery Corp., New York, N. Y. Portable or Permanent Piped Vacuum ('leaning Systems Wahlert Products Corp.. Brooklyn, N. Y. Industrial Safety and Fire Protection Equipment Weaver Manufacturing Co., Springfield, III. \utnmotivc I cMmg F.qnipment West Disinfecting Co., Long Island City, N. Y. Prodin Is for the Promotion of Industrial Sanitation Willson Products, Inc., Reading. Pa. Personal Protective Devices INDEX utmihi rodent Statistic*: Accident Sialism* m the World of Tomorrow <Ko*sn*), 78 82 InduMry** Experience with Accident Cause Codes (Forney), 83 86 Value of Accident Statistic* (Braun). S02 SOI Acids: Safe Handling of Acid* and Caustics in the Metala Industry (Campbell), 441 448 See also Chemical Industry; Chemicals. Aeronautical Section: Minutes, 225-238. Officers, 225. Aeronautics: Airport Supervision (Mueller), 229 231 I \V ; 504 - ............. * - i l'i o.lucl* Hiyan, H L: How la, ( Management m Dcveloi BulleamtinnSdaeBtirsofaaDrcdi.et*on:.lyaByaS.uall,(efSeotitownylermiPBlMi rnd)a*tm?a37n2d67387S76a.8fe0ty He fa< Safetyy of Precaauuitions 'Employed in the Manu Hydrofluoric Acid. 282 283, 295. Maintenance of Airplanes for Student Training (Downs). 225 227. Safety in Service Flight (Giles), 233 235. Traffic Control- A Vital Factor Safety (Aldworth), 231 233 Airpo Training of Students (Povey), 227 229. Transatlantic Klyins (Van Dusen). 236 238. 'After the Whistle Blows": OfT-the Job Accident* and What They Are Costing Companies, 530 Campaign*. 149 162. See also Public Safety Ainsworth, C.: The Inspector What Manner uf Man Is He? 69 72 Conditioning: Air Conditioning and Its Rela lion to Fire Control (Wheelock), 43 49. Aldworth, Major R.: Traffic Control A Vital Factor in Airport Safety, 231-233. (S.S.E.--Engineering Section: Minutes, 239 243 Officers. 239 240. Annual Meeting of Members, It 26 Antimony: 61. Aj>pley, L. A.: Selling Safety, 584 586 i*emc Compounds: 61. ifomotive and Machine Shop Section: Minute* 245 256 officers. 245-246. . iiitnmotive and Machine Shop Power Pres* Sec tions: Joint Session, 252 256. Awards: See Contests; Rewards. . 217 dlaghan. C H : Safety ... wpeeatiuus First. Last and Always. 362 363 ipbeH. `R " Job of Safety. 252 256 Safe Handling of And* and . .......i- ... me Metals Industry, 441 448. arl*on Disulfide: Safe Practice in the Viscose Rayon Industry (Che*uui), 686 689 .ubon Monoxide: 219 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (Mayers), 65 68 .'at bon Tetrachloride: Carbon Tetrachloride Prob lems, 624 -,.,*1,0*: Safe Work will, Caustic Soda or Sodium Hydroxide, 444 447 emeu! Industty: Analysis of Cement and Quarry Accident Experience (LeCore), 258 261 Building Safety into the Plant. Discussion, 261 tersa.nd2` 5Of u25i lion: Minute*. 257 271 D. B : Prog res* and Activiti Chemical IndaundstrPyu.tp>J, cident*, 296 297 Section. auaes of 479 482. Chemical of Educating the Chemical Worker (Sevrens), 291 292, 295 296. Safely and Product Quality in a Chemical In du*try (Nelson), 635 638 B Safety in the Chemical Industry Panel Dis cu*sion, 281 283. Safety Precaution* Employed in the Mannfac lark Injuries: See Health Hazards lakeries: See Food Industry. latmer, A. M.: Health Education Methods Used by Industrial Nurses, 115-117. lanquet: 27 28. larry, T. M.: The Supervisor's Place on the Safety Program- Viewpoint of the MAH Man ager. 504-506. latrman, (>. C.: Atm in Metal Mining Safety, 473-475. Iden. C.: Magic and l ire, 52 54 Irek, K. W : Progress of Safely in the Rubber Industry, 625-627. Irklev, R. V: Safely m Cnnstnniion si the New Vork World's Fair, 305-310 rure of Hydrofluoric Acid, 282 283, 295 Safety Training of Undergraduate Chemical Stu- denta (Znerh), 292-294, 296 298 The Selection of Safe Metals for the Design of Chemical Equipment (Faragher). 276 279. 294 See also Chemicals. Chemical Section: Contest, 279 281 Minutes. 273 298 Officers, 273 274 Chemicals: Safe Handling of Acid* and Caustics in the Metals Industry (Campbell), 441-448. Safe Handling of Metallic Sodium (Dunning). 28 1 287. 204 ( he*nut. W. II : Safe Practice in the Visco*e Rayon Industry, 686 689 trader, C. <.: The Safe Handling of Packaged Material*. 324 129. rreriees See Fond Industry hen. W. P: procuremenf Inspection and vier*ne Inspection of Respirators. 1/3-179 *ketr*rfe. e5, 40H.552N. .: Safety in the Petroleum Indus Clark. H s': Safely Problem* lace ou* Coal Mine*, 451-454 i Birunnn t lav Products: 1* There Enough Silica in the Average Ftce Brtck to Affect Workers Seri ou*l> > 14 1. ( lothing: Do Companies Make an Effort to Stand fm. F. M.: How to Insocct Crane*. 163-168. Mm: The Detection of External Corrosion in Boilers (Royer). 168-172. ardtze Work Clothing? 521 522. Po5li8cret of Pres* Operators Wearing Gloves, 579See *(*o Leggings. 719 7H) .'Slh \ aliniinl .Sn/i/y t omjrc. Present Alton of < Dowd). S|g Public l 'i.lilirt Sr. to.it, '-OS 596 K nMr | Sfdion, M4 MS Mh.hI.I Salrly Simiiv aihI tnntrsls Re Included mi the Accident I'fn rnlum Program? 404 4115 srr aho Krwanlv onway, J M Management'* Attitude on Indus trial N tir mik Servo I I 7 I / I ..'ii am.I M.mry ^aviuk* Kffec 11 venm of Safety \V.if u ^ 5 *, | 552 sa(r ''air `itti' < c a nr \1 ai nle n a ore tSchtinre), 437 440 ( i . n r I >j > i .11 > >i i \ (Darhakrrl. 4 14 4'7 I \\ I nv esltg ation of .Violent-. Involv of h<|Mi|>inent Locomotive*. am' Sr r t im| i ii( 11oil Industry. athakrr. I M Safe < rane (iperAlinn*. 434 437 >arr. M \\ How to Handle Safety Effectively widi Management, Supervisor and Men. 417 ' 11, 5 1 7 lemolition Safety Lower* Cost in Construction ro,e. t* (Meek). '13 317 `"iiunio See Health Harardv triect.it * See t i A'r* >n Vie. A J Public 11 v A Servant to Safely, 364 >iett. A M : Knife Out*. 633 634 toolev. ( K How i an Job Analy*1' anil Merit Hating Program* Help Solve Arndent Prr v e n i, o11 Problem' ? 5(m S 1 S ..... .. Mi.l.mrt S.,-r I .mil lndu-`iv A Si oit hall on the I'llH 3o Paper linin' 1 ` i e > t nl.iliiih ,,f | I, r I .ri 1,,dil'lrV Awanl, 518 M .uiiir u i in e of Airplane* for Sin a f hir.lk.Mu,' l l|.r r 11 mn Cslimiuiil, ( K lt-m.irks on Pule Top Rrsiis <.02 <Ms W Saff Hsn.U.nR of Metallic S. in the Rubber Industry (Davis), 6.38 Health ll^nril^ flu* Woodwork.i, K nnugh SiIica m the Avnasr Affect Workers Seriously? 143 K. . .ltd of Hrilileliem Steel < . 421 Safety A Formula for Human amt Industrial I'logre** (Whitney). 262 264 ''afety l owers Cost on ( onMruclion Project* ( Heck). 313 317. Mm anon of Workmen: Educating the C hemical Worker (Sevrens). 291 292. 290296 Educational Problems in Manufacturing Plant* (Rust). HI S.3 7 I orrinanslnp Trimnik the I undamenlals and Kfleet - '..efliods Involved (Gardiner). 194 Pin Selection, Training ami Supervision of Seasonal Employee* (Milltcan), 618 622 Die Technique of Training New Safety Men (K.singer). 5 54 557. Fnlenhach, H : The Safety Movement a* Related to the Legal Profession. 345 J47. Elevators: Factors of Safety in a Factory Elevator Other Than Inspect ion (Rrppert), 395 399 Eliminating Mechanical Causes of Accitlents Se Sinn: Panel Discussion, 2 4 1. Finployees: How (an a Safety Program Re Made the Basis for Building Good Will Among Km plovers ? 422 424. I he Human Side (Pavlis). S06S08 F.mplovres' Meeting*: Group Safelv Meeting*. 421V 421 Fmployeea Selection: Selection. Training and Supervision of Seasonal Employees (Millican). MX 622 Employees Training: See Kdocaiion of Workmen engineering Accident Factors (Self), 367 372. ( ooidmation of Knginernng and Safely (Has* Irr >. 40'i 412 iierr* How to Handle Safely Effectively with .Managenient. Supervisor and Men (Harr), 417 'safety Training of Undergraduate Chemical Student* (Zoerht, 292 294. 296 298. Fugme Rooms: Refrigeration Engine Room Ha* arils and Their Elimination (Peters), 612 61' Fugme*: Problems in Starling Oil Field Has En gmes (Taylor). 537 5.39. Fvans. ( Jr : Safety Problems Fared in Anlhra cite Coal Mining. 455.457. Ksecutives: See Management Exhibit* Bulletin Boards and Safely Remindr* Displays fSolensten). .372 377. List of Exhibitors of Industrial Safely Equig- incut. 715-718. Safrtv in Construction at the New York World** Fair (Beldev). 305 .310 Explosive*-. Safe Storage and Handling of Fa plosives (Fisher), 264 267 Fye Protection: See toggles I nr< Sre F.xbibil* Falls Persons: Falls and Their Prevention (W*6 mei ), 630 613 I alls of Persons (Granni**). 3 33 3 34 What Can Re Done to Prevent Falls on FMtf Sur fai rs of Vitrified Brick* 300 40f I iragher, Dr. P V : The Selettion of Safe Me*A for the Design of Chemical Equipment. 28E 270. 20 3 Fatigue of Metals: Detection of Flaw* in Steel *aB Steel Parts (Mc( Tine), 241 243. Faust, /. T.: Carrying the Safety Mes*ge t# 92 per cent. 87 90 federal Department*: Federal Aim Mine 1 (Finch). 161 46 3 F ennell, D D.: The American Railroads* G hution to Safety in America, 671 67' Unity.......t.h..a.....N...a...t.ional Safety Program, ti ll Indrx 721 l.rnr l ).,lr 217 held. to H S.: Recent Intfiroveuienis mi Amer lean Ships and Personnel. 3A9 .362 f",ch. J W.: Federal Aim in Mine Safety 461 1 inch, R A : Safety 704 707 the live nf Kdge . Iuc < ontiol and Prevention Session 41S4 lur Protection: Air Conditioning and Its Rd.i lion to Fire Control (Wheelork), 43 49 Fire Safety A Panel CD*1'* 49 52 Magic and Fire (Bawden). 52 54 First Aid: First Aid for Quarry Workers (Thornp vini, Z0*> 271 First Aid Technique (Suhin), 3 34 1 37 First Aid Training. 152-154 fisher. C If : Safe Storage and Handling ol K* plosives. 264-267. Heck, A. B.: Safety lowers Cost on Construction Projects. 313 317. Floors: Slippery Floors in Canning Industry, 331 332. Treatment of Floor* ami Stairway* to Prevent Slipping, 400 401. What Can Be Done to Prevent Falls on Floor Surfaces of Vitrified Brick? 399-401. Fund Industry: Canned Goods (Mathews), 330 332 Rough Machine*. 36 17. The Safe Handling of Beverages (Wilson), 329no The Safe Handling of Packaged Materials (Bender). 324 329. Syphilis Control and Its Relation to the Food industry (Russell), 321 324 faod Section: Minutes, 319-337. OBcers, 319 321. . . foremen: Foremanship Training--the Fundamen tals and Effective Methods Involved (Gardi ner), 194-198. foneral Machine Shop Hazard* and Correction (Sain), 246-249. Haw Can Job Analysis and Merit Rating Pro trams Help Solve Accident Prevention Prob lems? (Dooley). 508 515. Haw to Deal with the Foreman Who Maintains that Accidents Are Bound to Occur. 521. The Humtn Side (Pavl.a), 506-508. The Supervisor's Place on the Safety Program- Viewpoint of the MB! Manager (Barry), 504- Training Supervision in Accident Prevention ,, (Lage), 64i-644. forwatdfhvdr: How Much Formaldehyde Repre aents Toxic Proportion*? 145-146. ?*ey, R. L.: Industry's Experience with Acci dent Cause Codes. *V*6. hwhtling. Dr. L. H.: Industrial Hernia and It* Control. 103-108. w*: See Gases. Gases and Vapors Session: 55-68. intr, G : Foremanahip Training - the Fund* Mentals and EffeciiTe Methods Involved, 194 lavs: ftangeroua Coneenfrati. tide Gas, 146. of Sulphur Di- al Fume Poisoning (Sander). 60 64. Badern Methods of Gas Detection and Control OIMfeiitteerr)l,. 55-60. im i omrol (SHMliL'f'jo ;;,W,ldin* *" Confined Sp.ce, iSlie'llilO, 214 22.1 * Plants: See Petroleum Industry -J. J L: Safety from the Viewpoint of ihe State Department of Labor, 392 395. *m. Dr. L C, : Man's Mental Attitude*. 1*6 aa. G H : W'ood Shaper*. 703 704 M.ijoi ft M Sa(c Serv Plight, ? t 3 .illies, D B : Saley .love* See ( IntUiug. H*|>pinf*s, 460 461 inn.linger, (> F : The InvcMigaium of Accidents Involving Maintenance of Way. 66 3 666 inggles: Should Goggle* Be Wmn hy Punch Press ( )|er alor * ? '60 5, 72 Should (toggles Be Worn bv Wood Room F,ni ployee* ? '25 526 .nimlrv, M ) : v'one PiatIkaI A*|>rcl* of Safety, 661-60 3 ovetnmentat Safely Serv*e ft* ImPi'tfy Sevsion: *de ( rosm ngs 658 * iranniM*. l :*av i ' b" V . V1 *de ( ru*sing Ari 651 Fca1lN. oofl PI eerrssoonnss,, 33 33 33 333344 and Tomor,ow F- R. *"<l Kltudfr Dr J V : l)rrni, irioT"'' ^,"',"'rOISrp,nrn(d .. H Hand, R. F : The F.mployer's Attitude Toward Safety. 365 367, Handling Materials: Handling of Flat Rolled Sheets (Bowen), 432-434. Handling of Material* (Welch), 627 630 Safe Handling of Acids and Caustics in the Metals Industry (Campbell), 441-448 The Safe Handling of Packaged Materials (Bender). 324 529 Hands: Hand Injuries Among Men of Long Ex perience and New Employees, 528. Hand Injuries, Their Cause and Prevention (Plrak). 496-SOL Harper, A. B.: No Secret Formula for Safety, 689691. Hartman. R. M.: Discussion of Rehabilitation Pro cedures, 471-473. Hassler. J. M : Coordination of Engineering and Safely. 409 412. Hatch, A. R.: Safety and Manila Rope, 386 388. Health Hazards: BacV Injuries from the Point of View of the Safety Director (Stron*), 488 494 Back Injuries in the Paper Industry The Med ical Viewpoint (MacLaren). 482 488. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (Mayers), 66-66. Carbon Tetrachloride Problems, 624 Dangerous Concentrations of Sulphur Dioxide Gas, 146 Dermatitis Control--Proper and Improper Use of Cleaning Agents, Soap and Other Detergents (Klauder and Gross), 93-103. Dust* in the Rubber Industry (Davis), 638 64). Engineering Control of Occupational Diseases and the Small Plant, 142. Engineering Pha^ nf Occupational Disease Control. 137 139. Hand Injuries, Their Cause and Prevention (Plrak). 446-401. Health Hazard* in the Woodworking Industry (Sayers). 694 698. How Much Formaldehyde Represents Toxic Proportions? 145 146. Industrial Hernia and Its Control (Frechtling). 103 108. I* There Enough Silica in the Average Eire Brick to Affect Workers Seriously > 143. Metal Fume Poisoning (SandeTt. 60-64 Metal Spraying, 146 147 Occupational Disease Control Program. 135 147 (>il Dermatitis. 144 MS Protective Creama and lotions, 139 140 Safetv Precaution* Employed in the Manufac l'r of HvdroflooFic Arid ?*? ?>* *>r JSlI, A'.i/i'.-m.i/ S,,[.-h,CMiress huirx Aon ,n M, 71. f null). A<,\ 4M lnft I'run i)lr- uf s^(. >. 240 2S2 220 2i| i. ,7 1 wnszTM* ll., Homan Suit O'avUMN. <M*>f> kSO,,,# The U, lo New KnM.lovrrv 424 427 of Tfjnn.n* New Sulcly M. h S, * V..',V`,\v.<r).r1/ I a.r S.ifrly in Confirm I..... un1>. Nnv Vnrk Worlds I a.r (Behley). <>' Nu krl I AilM.ml M NiltMiis I-mm** 210 22 \ . Nol*hnett. C ( Safety m Weldm* Slid NutsVsH,|U*Mi!i' Muratinii Mnlio.ii Used by In dn-tnal Ni,r*es (R#Wr>, 115 117. VI.. 1 ndii-i rial Ni.r*r', Krrnf.U and Hearts ll'onlri. 100 III Mann'riM.iil'. Aliunde ,.it Industrial Nuimuk Sffvi.f (i nnw av). 117 121 Nmvrv ............ Ne<- Imlustoal NwsinR Session. *..*.~..t....r..r.o.. l. h II,\-\. The l*.,lralvIn.i,, HM,aeltihliodIfaorfarKd* viiMtialmK I .iurmfii. M)M MI2 ;ZWi !:,";S a&'SJ'U-. .. c:::"> ".r Woodworking , no 7l\ JSlh Ndli'Hiol .Sn/i'lv < lr< Should I.ngglr* He Worn l.y Punch Pre** Opera I I, III,,,. , ^ ir. 1|; .( i li r fGpcr Industry Award '.-~d>. six ^im ni'l Ai imiifv <i f i he Sec ti<*n ((haul). Industry Hji k Injuries from the Point of ><-w i.f the Safety Director (Strong!, 488 shioouih*?l 5O6p9eSr7a2to. r* Umler Any ( irrnn*tatice* Rc PernutteH to Place Their Hand* Under the IwOii,eHaWndheilde FUeeevdiicnfg*? a5n7d6 $7F9ixed (iuard* for WhPautnc(h oPnr*et.i*t*uetae,*31a 35W. ell Guarded Preas? 572 V\ $h7a4t Type* of Pre** Inspection are Most Ef k Injiinr* in t Paper Industry The Medr a) Y,*wt,,,,nt (MacLarenG 482 488 ( oniji^mr^ M .ikr an Effort in Standaidire A n r k Cl.uhtng? 521 522 II i > i nr 1 ill I r i *. 10 1). )5 >.| Injm.rs, !"h*ir ( iii`f and I'tevenlum PI t 4k i. 4<f, 50 l Way nf ( lifting Paper than l.v Mr j.l.vy r t . ( i'4'N V lt\ {fir Vuj.ri \ i-or f*|,ur on the Safely Program V^wv.iuni nf u.r Mill Manager (Harry). \jlur ,,f A t i.|. ni Siati*t ir * (Braun). *02 ^04 ..l.v Y J 1 l.r Human Si.ir. 506 508 rkm. Hon I I he Worker's Slake in Safely. r t Mtna! Karnu^ Ifn w Can Joh Analysis amt Mnii Rating Program* Help Solve Aeridrnt Prevention Prnfdrm*? (Dooley), S0 S1 S I 11r Human Si.le ( IVivli*), 506 50R. Man * Menial Attitude* (Gihrrsnn), J86I9) Man* I 1-r f til nr *- and Iimitation* from a Phy*i al Standpoint llis Proper Placement (Vmi a< hen 1. mi f R6 r'rn. I A Refrigeration Fngine Room Hazard* ami Jheif elimination, 6|2-6j5 Met*.m. < A Safety Key Men. 457 459 V f r nleurn Industry- Educational Problem* in Manufacturing Plant* (Rust), HVVI?. Meefu al Service in the Petroleum lndufry in lH9 Report of a Survey (l.ong), 539 S4< fective? 574-576. PPrreesssiduerent'sVMesesdealsl:: SeFeraRngewibalerd*.Rubber Disc.* far Pressure Vessels (Huff). 287-291. 294-295. Protective Creams: See Health Haiard* PPu*ybclifciolSogayfe. tyS:eeThPeersEodnuac) aFtoarctoarn*d. Safety, 160 162 How Pubhc Official* Can Hein, 1SS 160. See also "After the Whistle Blow*." Public Utilme*: Are We as Public Utilities Prr pared to Work Safely and Efficiently During Emergencies (Miner), 596 S99. l.e**on from Safety Experience. 586 594. I'tddic Utilities Section: Contest, 595 596 Minute*. 581 605 Pu< btffliicceitrys,. 58H1o5w81 Can Publicity Campaigns B* Used Effectively for Safety? (Jones), 126 Pu1f2d9inty A Servant to Safety (Dickie). 36* .16 5 Puerto Rico Accident Prevention f*ero Him (Martinet), 90-92. Punch Presses: See Power Presses. Measure* ta Quarry Industry: First Aid for Quarry Workers (Thompson), 269-271. Quarry Section: See Cement ami Quarry Section < Hgaruratmn of Independent* (Martinson), 557 W.O Oil V ieM Engine* Railroad*: The American Railroads' Contribution to Safety in America (Fennell), 671 675. Investigation of Accidents Involving Maio tenattce of Equipment (locomotives (Curtii). nntest. 552 Ol t ifh. .M.li M. 'ti i *i< al Fuinimii.iiiv Man'* Dsefulnr** am) I mutation* from a Physical Standpoint Hi* Proper Pla< ement (Vnnaclien), I8f 186 He ruimnalmii Perc)*. ) 16 I 17 Whai Km1 of Physical Examination Shoulr) Be l iken Both on Pre Kmployinent anr) Re e**nunaiion After Employment? $27 5)9 t e 11 m r S S-.fr,v Pl.-lge. Hi Wi Irak. f | ) | a ml Injur.e-. 'I heir and I'mniiiwi. 496 50( mil. . Mi* I I hr IimIumi. ,1 Nur*.* Reconl* <>>.) Repent*. ||,V 1 f | Hulletin Ho.ntl* ami Safely Remin.ler G'-,d.,y* ( Sol r i n | e ti), 172 17? '.1 I I Training of Sn.de,>1*. J27 229 11* ell. M N S ;t f r i \ to l.ife in Africa 274 27(. Prr-* Se,,u.u M mute*. ill) I ffl i r i * . 5 (, 7 560 **e, Press A......motive ami Ma.hmr Simp Set Pons | in nl Session. 252 2*16 Pn^M p,r*srs Are Toni Rc-t* of Value > 570 Polo i ,.f 111 r s' Mp.rators Wrarmg Clove*. 5?0 Th6e66In66v8estigation of Accident* Involving Mai* renance of Way (Gnadrngef), 633 666. Investigation of Accident.* Involving Statiaa* and Store* (Carson), 670 671. Maintenance of Equipment Cars (t^Fotr#lame), 668 670 Railroad Safety Panel Discussion, 650 660 Safety Today and Tomorrow on American Ra* SommaedsP(rGacrtaicya).l 6A45sp6e5c0ts of Safety (Gormtcjl. 661 66V Train Service Accidents, 658 660. Trespassing Accidents, 650 654 See also tirade Crossings RaKy avmtInIdnudsutsrytry Safe Practice in the f((tUhrr**nnutiif,),t 6o.-86, 689. Vi*Cf R. .-ddie. W \V : Safety Electric Welding, 21 4 Refineries: See Petroleum Industry Refrigeration Industry: Costly Employee and ! lie Aorident* (t)lnisted). 615-618. Refrigeration Engine Hoorn Hazard* am) TWt Elimination (Peter-), 612 615, Safely from the Fxcutive's Viewpoint (Oala* SemV-n'?eil,e,,r. l.ir6p0i8t-u6n11g Ind Supervision of Sea*ai Emjiloyee* (Millican). 618 622 Refrigeration Section: Minutes. 607 622 (tfftrers, 607 608 R eha)dita>on: Arridmis ai>d Rehabilitation (I hiMInuvt.si1o6n7 1o7f0 Rehabifitation Procedure* (Hag* I'm ifrts <60 1 man). 1?l 47 I lutlf. 72S .an S S, , \| .,1111. ii.mi i .md R. p.ui pen. t. If I a< infs id Safely m ,i | a, tors Elevator Oilier than ln*petiion. 195 109 Kfvrthuion*. 16 18 Paper and Pulp Seuinu, 405 406 Respirator*: Prortiremeut Inspection and Servnc Inspection of Respirators (Riggs), 17) 179 Respiratory Protection. 140 141 Responsibility This Job of Safety (Cameron). 252 256 Resuscitation The Pole Top Method of Resuscitat tog Linemen (Oesterreich l. 600 602 The President'* Medal Awardf 602 Remark* on Pole Top Resuscitation (Drinker). 602 605 Reward*: Award* Vrr*u* Reward* (Metzger) 121 126 The David S Meyer Memorial Award. 28 The Pre*idem's Medal Award. 602 Safety Bonus Plan*. 53) Should Award- Be Made for Safety Nnggr* lion* ? 5 10 c 20 MinuM Safety Stunt* and Contest* Br In eluded in the Accident Prevention Program? 404 405 See also Contests. Iwinger, J. I. : The 'Technique of Training New Safety Men. 554 557 layer, 1) L The Detection of External Corrosion in Boiler*. 168 172 tuhber Industry: Dn*l* in the Rubber Industry (Davis). 618 641 Fall* and Their Prevention (Weimer), 6 10 611 Handling of Material* (Welch 1, 627 610 Knife (tit* (Dietz). 611614 Tfogres* of Safety in the Rubber Industry 1 Beck 1, 625 627. lubber Section: Conte*!, 614 6)5 Minute*. 621 644 Officer*. 621 624 linsell, Dr A F Syphilis Control ami lt< Re I lation to the Food Industry, 321 124 last, W. B.: Educational Problem* in Manufac luring Plant*, 5)3 5)7. Safety Engineer-: See Engineer* Safely Information, Please Panel Discussion, 519 530 s*(ftv Inspectors Session: 163 179 Wrt* Movement Accident Prevention Measure* m Puerto Rico (Martinez). 9002 5jfety A Formula for Human and Industrial Progress (Whitney). 262 264. 5*frtv and Happiness (Gillies) 460 461 Safety the Answer to a Challenge (Whitney). 412 414. Safety to Life in Africa (Powell). 274 276 Tki* Job of Safety (Cameron), 252-256. I'tHiv in the National Safety Program (Fen flell). 11 IS Tkr Worker's Slake in Safelv (Perkins). 20 26 IVety Stunt* A Hag of Sofdv Trick* (Lnugldin). Ml 686 fjfective Hun-, keeping St,ml-, 19 4(1 54,01)1,1 Safety Stunts and Contests Hr lit eluded mi the Accident Prevention Program? 404 405 |Vn, H L : General Mathine Shop Hazard* ami ( nrrr< lion, 246 249 kUwastall, Hon L : l.ifr, f.iheMy ami Ifappine-s I * the Highway The States Obligation to It* Citizen*. . 8-20 Heavy Industry (Warner), 26? Sr. Quar, y Indu-lry A Meul I ui Poisoning..., 60 64 Saws I'-c and Abu-e nf t imilar Saw* and Their Relation in Safety (Uh\). 6O*?01 Saver*. R R Health Hazard* m the Woodwork mg Industry, 694 698 ^ Srhlemmer, F C : Safelv Feature* in the Ton Mntctton of the Chickamauga Dam, 1(0 113 Schnure Safe Crane Maintenance, 437 440 ^tr B c'l Accident Factor*. 167 372 Selling Safety Building Safety into the Plant Discussion, 261 How ( an a Safety Program Be Made the Basis for Bmbli ployees? 422 424. nod Wdl Among F.m Mertltamhsmg Safety (Warmee). 199 202. The Problem of Selling Safely. 297 298 Selling S.ifetv (Appley). 584 586 Sevreus. ( E Educating the Chemical Worker. 2*> I 292. 295 296 Shaf.r. Dr D M Improving the Health nf Indn-trul Worker*. Ill 114 Shaper*: Wood Shapers (G if,son). 701 704 Shear-: Do Shear* Trip Themselves? .13. ShelLhear, W : Proper Design, Layout and Main tenauce of Gasoline Plants. 560 565 Shipbuilding: Hazards in Lifting and Handling Machinery in Ship Construction (Marple), 181 182 Shipping Room* The Safe Handling of Packaged Materials (Bernier), 124.329. Shuman, I- D : Safe Dredging Operations, 303 105 Silicosis: See Uo*t* Small Plant*: t arrying the Safety Message to the 92 Prr Cent (Faust) 87 90 Engineering Control of Occupational Diseases and the Small Plant, 142 Stimulating Interest in Safely in the Small Plant, 157 158 Social Diseaassees*: Syphilis Control anmdi It* RHellal tion to the Food Industry (Russell), 321 324 Sodium Safe Handling ning). 281 287, 294 of Metallic Sodium ((1Dun Solenslen. R T : Bulletin Roards and Safety Reminder Displays, 172 377 Solvents: Carbon Tetrachloride Problems, 624. Safety and Product Quality in a Chemical In dustry (Nelson). 61^6)8 Soule. T.: NVhat Are Our Accident Statistic* for 19)8? )f)0 101 Spray Coating: Metal Spraying. 146 147. `-.itsirwav*: Treatment of Floors and Stairway* to Prevent Slipping. 400 40L Slate Department*: Safety fre the 19 5 State Department of l abm ' Viewpoint of (Grrnnn), 392 State of Pennsylvania's Aid in Coal Mining Safety ( Thomas), 461 467 Steam Railroad Section: Minute*, 645 675 Officers. 645. Steel Industries: See Metal Industries. Stevedoring: See Marine Industry Siieglitz Dr E J : Specific Hazards of in Confined Spaces, 214 223 Welding Stone- See Sand, Gravel and Stone Industry. Street Traffic: Life, Liberty and Happiness on the Highway The State's Obligation to Its Citi zens (Salton-lMD. 18 20 Strong. \V E. Rack Injuries fro,,, the Point of View of the Safety Director, 488 494. Sul.in. Dt II : First Aid Technique. 334 337. Suggestion System*: Should Award* Re Made for Safely Suggestions? 519 520 Sulphur D,oxide Dangerous Com duration* of Sulphur Iboxnlr Gas, 146 Physiological Response to Various Conceutra- linns of Sulphur Dioxide, 145 Sulphuric And- Safe Work with Sulphuric Acid, 441 442. Supervisor*: See Foremen. Syphdiv See Social Disease* SS(h Wiftomtl Stifi-ty ( ont/rf.ss Tw li.'lu leather In.In- Mr i p* , f aiming md I rather I n< 111i ii > ''r I i!.x 1 } }',,,hirin' H ^i(rv. 34 1 l^vl.ii, V M problems in Sn.ri.ng H,| Virhl iY r*. <>\7 S 19 t r * (i ( r I,fry A of S *1*1* Tr/ck' fl.augh .rvl.r. Hear Admiral K K : Safely of l ife at Sra....3..3..6....3..S..8 Merchandising SafeIr. )99 202. Warner, I. P. )r . Effective Safety Work ... a VNaaHhmegavyVaIncidliutisetar:y, T2o67 W26h8a. t Extent Are the In-_1 du'irie' Providing Waahing Facilities, M3 144 L Wnmer. K M : Falla and Their Prevention, 630-| Inn. 6 1 686 ill.ng lhr Safety Program to tl Plant Need' I M. I n t nh >. (.HO (SKI Irml.lr Sfilmn Mm.Hr'. 677691 ( ift>, r I I. t-;, L.L r>{ rfiin'yUiii` Aid '" . 461 467 I ir't AI for (J.tarry of Preventing ( Mm 1*). 704 63 3 Welch.'P If andtinf of Malarial,. 627 630^ , Wrldtng Doe* tnral Weld Eahau.l Sr*<5m fro,m Affrct the Ty|><- of WrMI 1 M2 MJ Kye Proteelion and We1dfc*~ J29 Metal Fume*. 62 64. . Qualifications of WeW S46 <49. Safety in Electric Wt Safety in Das Weldin. 201 208 Welding and Cutting Seaaion: 203-22J Wlirrlot k, C W Air Conditioning and Its Re Srr Railroad' i< anon of Workmen latmn to Fire Control. 43 49 Whitney, W.: Safely A Formula for Human ami Indu'trial Progress, 262 264. Safely the Answer to a Challenge. 412414. William*. R Wood Sticker*, MoMer* ami Match era. >07 709. WrUon. 1 Safety Chins, 709 71.3. Wilson, f. If.: The Safe Handling of Beverages, rr an.I Aliinr of ( ir.nlar Saw' a Kelatmo to Safety, 608 70* W au.I Hevden. V H Krhnrrv < linn I 'i ..Mr tn ' , 341 346 > v r r nmrnl Srr Federal Department' 329 330. WWoooodd HoPorekss:erSveaetivTeos*ol* Health Hatarda in tfi Woodworking Industry fSayers). 697 698 Wood Products Industry* Health Hazards in the Woodworking Industry (Savers), 694 698. Safety Chip- (Wilson). 70971.3. Safety tn the Use of Edge Tools (Finch). 704 C'7c07and Abuse of Circular Saw* and Their Nr lat.nn to Safety (Uhl), 698 703. Wood Shaper* (f.ihsoni, 703704 Wood Sticker*. Holder' and Matchers, (Wil \\ ! r I lying, 2 16 2 18 liams). 707 709 Wood Product* Section: Minutes, 693 71 3 Officer'. 603694 \ null mi. || I Safety Feature' Provided riu an Menhant Ve"el', 378 381 hdn . atmn Visual Vdmalinn *' Applied to ( Mill.). I J'> 1 12 . V 4n. 4.mn hlmalioiul Problem* tn ,< i m i ng Hd.ih (Rust). <3J <17. | >, f| A M an'' 1 Urinific" and ..... . from a Physoal Standpoint Hi' I '1r me nt, 18 I 186 Zimnirr. V. A Wh., Tr*unnK SI.O..M a Inspector Receive? 7 3 74 DlUOiPTIflUQ {(Ail yRbiiy n ij 'llist:, th IATI1HAL SAFETS COHERES! ATLANTIC CITY OCTOBER 16-20, 1939 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, INC. Copyright. Itlt. N.lion.l S.f.l, Council. Inc. ,,in,,d ,, , A Metals Section Officers 1938-1939 General Chairman--Mm l 1' Thammf.ii, Republic Steel Corp. Alabama City. Ala Vice-Chairman--H. J. Griffith, Jones ft Laughlin Steel Corp , Pittsburgh, Pa. Secretary and News Idler lidilar--Irvin A. Brinkman, Mackintosh-Heinpbill Co, Pitts burgh, Pa. Contest Committee Chairman--H. ) Siukkfk, The Youngstown Sheet ft Tube Co, East Chicago, Ind. engineering Committer Chairman--R. H Ferguson, Kepiihlic Steel Corp, Cleveland, Ohio. Foundry Committee Chairman--J. A. Coitrin, National Radiator Corp., Johnstown, Pa. Health Committee Chairman--I)r A G Kammf.r, Inland Steel Co., Indiana Harbor, Ind. Membership Committee Chotrman--H II Hfnry, Otis Steel Co, Cleveland, Ohio roster Committee Chairman-- Frfii E. Warr, Carnegie-lllinois Steel Corp , Pittsburgh, Pa Program Committee (hairman-- John IV (VRiuirk, Itethleheni Steel Co, Sparrows Point Md. ' Publicity Committee Chairman--Eari. Fylfk, Carnegie-lllinois Steel Corp., Chicago, III. Railway Car Builders Committee Chairman-- P. J. Brand, Pullman-Standard Car Mfg. Co., Pullman, Chicago, 111. Statistics Committee Chairman--N. H MacHosf, Rethlehem Steel Co, Lackawanna, N. Y. Members at Large-- *c. M. Alien, The American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Ohio R G. Bf.nnf.tt, The Buckeye Steel Castings Co., ('olumbns, Ohio R. A. Beyer, Central Tube Co , Ambridge, Pa. C. A. Bianchi, H. H. Robertson Co., Ambridge, Pa. *E. F. Blank, Jones & Lauglilin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa, *R. A. Chaffin, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, 1ml. H. M. Crociian, Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind. J. F,, Cui.tJNKY, Rethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa *H. W. Darr, Bethlehem Steel Co., Johnstown, Pa M. W. Dundorf, Beloit Iron Works, Beloit, Wis. B. T. Dye, Republic Steel Corp., Warren, Ohio. John P. Eib, American Steel ft Wire Co., Chicago, 111 F. A. Ellis, Wheeling Steel Corp., Wheeling, W. Va. George T. Fonda, Weirton Steel Co., Weirton, W. Va J. P. Gatiifrum, Great Lakes Steel Corp., Ecorse, Mich. E. E. Greenf, Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton, Ohio. S. E. Hawkes, Macwhyte Co., Kenosha, Wis. H. G. Hfnsf.i , The Youngstown Sheet & Tul>e Co.. Chicago, 111. W. J. Hoofe, Chase Brass ft Copper Co , Cleveland, Ohio W. A. Jarvis, Chase Brass & Copper Co., Waterbnrv, Conn *F. A. I.auerman, Republic Steel Corp., Chicago, III John P. Leonard, Blaw-Knox Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. D. V. Medai.if, Interlake Iron Ore Corp., Chicago, 111 P. R. McMahon, Superior Steel Corp., Carnegie, Pa. *J. A. Northwood, Bethlehem Steel Co , Sparrows Point, Mil J A. Oartf.i., Carnegie-lllinois Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa C S. Phillips, Revere Copper & Brass, Inc., Rome, N. Y. H. L. Rogers, Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas Cily, Mo. II I. Rfrrassifr, Wheeling Steel Corp, Wheeling, W Va. JO7 40K Kipkhi 1 J.S'lh Natnnitil Stiffly ( nnt/reis Si nun i, 1 ....... Car Wheel & Railway Supply Co. I.ouisvillr, Ky. II S Simi-son, * aterpillar Irartnr Co. I'roria, III J A Voss. Republic Steel l'nrp , Cleveland, Ohio. Officers 1939-1940 ... j. rit, Jones Jit Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa I.rnrrol t hairman 1in1 AJ B( .rriinf kman, Mackintosh-Hemphill Co,, Pittsburgh, Pa. Fue ( hairman--Irvtinl.AtlleBr"'F"ditor--H J. Spoerek, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., Kast Secretary and Nru-s I.filer ___ I ot nhtirraitg(o.omlnmd itlee N D Ma.TIose (Chairman), Bethlehem Steel Co., Lackawanna, N. Y. T. C) Armstrong, Westinghouse Electric Jk Mfg, Co , Springfield, Mass engiKneeJ rinCgonCrooym, mUinttieorn--CRa.rbAid. eBCeoy.e,rN(iaCghaariarmFaanll)s,, CNe. nYtr.al Tube Co , Ambridge, Pa B T. Dye, Republic Steel Corp , Warren, Ohio W. A Foundry CJoamrvmisit,teC rbasJe BHrasHs oJiit 7.Cnoocpp(eCr hCaoir,mWana)t,erCbhuaryin, CBoenlnt .Co , Milwaukee, Wis HeaHlth SCoSmimmii-tsteoen, CI a>Rte. rAp.illGar. TRraamcmtoerrC(oC.hPaiermoraian, )1,11Inland Steel Co., Indiana Harbor, lnd. ODrr JT HI..yCifhivIeIras/.ieTthte, CWra'ensetinCgoho, uCsheicEagleoc, trIIicI. Jk Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa. Memberchip Committee--E. A. Ems (Chairman), Wheeling Steel Corp, Wheeling, W. Va C A III a ni hi, II H. Roliertson Co, Ambridge, Pa. J M. Brooks, Foster- Committee Mielile JP PC.rainttiiifnrgiimPre(sCsh&airMmfagn.),CGo r,eCaht icLaagkoe,sIISI teel Corp, Ecorse, Mich C I) Dorwortii, Alan Wood Steel Co., Conshohocken, Pa. FrogJroahmn PC.oLmemointtaered-, EHalarwl-KFnyoi.xerC(oC.,hPaiitrtmsbaunr)g,hC, aPranegie-Illinois Steel Corp , Chicago, HI J E Cim.i.infy, Bethlehem Steel Co , Bethlehem, Pa, W J Hooef, Chase Brass & Copper Co., Cleveland, Ohio. D V. Medaiif, Interlake Iron Ore Corp, Chicago, III. Fubhnty Committee--H. H. Henry (Chairman), Otis Steel Co., Cleveland, Ohio. E E Greene, Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton. Ohio. RoihJt'oAy. CCaoritBruinil,dTehrse CNoamtiomniattleeR--adPia. toJ.r CBora, nJdoh(nCsthoawirnm, aPna).. Pullman Standard ( ar Mlg StCatois,ticPsullmCaonm,mCihttiecea--goJ,oIhIIn P. O'Roukk (Chairman), Bethlehem Steel ( o, Sparrows PoCintS. .MPdhii l ies. Revere Copper Jk Brass, Inc., Rome, N. Y. 1! I.. Rogers, Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Mem*Cb.erMs aAt ml.aernge, Th- e American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, Ohio *F C IIinnitt, The Pinkeye Steel Castings Co., Columbus. Ohio *E F Biank, tones Jk l.aiighlin Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa *R A Chaffin, Continental Steel Corp, Kokomo, lnd II M ( RoiaiAN, Inland Steel Co, East Chicago, lnd *M W Darr, Bethlehem Sleel Co , Johnstown, Pa M W. Diinirirf. Beloit Iron Works, Beloit, Wis John P. F.ir, American Sleel Jk Wire Co., Chicago. Ill R H Ferguson. Republic Steel Corp , Cleveland, Ohio George T Fonda. Weirton Steel Co, Weirton, W. Va. S. F. Hawkfs, Marwhvle Co.. Kenosha, Wis. *11 G Hinsfi. The Youngstown Sheet Jk Tiilie Co., Chicago, 111 *F A I.auehman, Republic Steel Corp, Chicago, 111 Metals Set tion P R McMahon, Siipri.... Steel Corp. Carnegie. Pa I A NOKIIIwood, Bethlehem Sled Co. Sparrows P..,,,t. Vhl J A ( )AK1FI , Carnegie-Illinois Steel t orp , Pitlshurgh. Pa II I, Rebrassifr, Wheeling Steel Corp, Wheeling, \\ Va Jacob I, Riiiinger, Inland Steel Co , East Chicago, In.I Robert I.. Schmitt, Louisville Car Wheel Hi Railway Supply l . Mem E. Trammei.i., Republic Steel t orn, Alabama City. Ala J A Voss, Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland, Ohio Fred E. Warr, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa 'Halt General Chairman MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 16, 1939 The first session of the Metals Section was railed to order by General Chairman Mcll E. Trammell, Safety Supervisor, Kcpublic Steel Corporation, Alabama City, Alabama, who presided Chairman Tram- mcll made a rc|>ort of Sectional activities during the pa*t year, especially mentioning the work of the various committees, and then proceeded with the schedule of formal papers, as follows Coordination of Engineering and Safety By J. M. HASSLER Diatrict Chief Engineer, Republic Steel Corporation, Birmingham, Ala. Engineering fundamentally is based on strengths of materials. Engineers have learned that a square inch cross-section of a certain analysis steel will support a definite load of certain fixed spans. As the span increases, the load that the member will carry decreases. Engineering today, other than research, is an exact science. There is no guess-work in it whatsoever. Facts are known and if used with discretion will keep one out of trouble. After strengths of materials were thor ooghty proved and the exact load that a Rgmlier would sup|H.rt was known, it was found, by bitter expr.ic.rc, that tl.is was nut enough. I limigl.llcss persons would meed the load. Moving loads were subgituted for a designed dead load and the feign failed. Ibis was not la-cause of bully engineering, Imt laca.ise of thought- Ikiiness of an individual that was unfauul.ar Mh the basic laws of engineering. This condition developed m the engineer kg profession the origination of the now famous "Factor of hive'' This simply means that if a load is 1,000 pounds, and for the span needed will require a 10 |>ound section steel memlwr, then it should Ifc built five times as strong or as hig, to take care of the fools that will come along and place fire times the load limit on it You have seen bridges that have signs on them "Safe Load Limit Five Tons." Stand by that same bridge for a while and watch. Soon a thoughtless, don`t rare, ignorant individual comes along with a loud "f probably IS tons and runs over the bridge. As a rule In- gels safely across. I he "Fa.i.n of hive" has saved his hide, Basical|v engineering |S correlated with ,,afpty The very foundation and breadth ,,f enginee. mg success is based on safety, K.igineers guard against failure will, tl.eir knowledge not by guess work. They know |(ositlvrly ttlml \,wU win supped wllat wjll(| vvi,, develop at certain velocities, what s|m. ks of moving or live loads will do The. know what to do to make thrii stiiw tnrc safe. U2 Jtfth Notional .\afety ( om/n-ss 'piaht \ nl I lie nry.ittvr produced with the jm ijh i i 11iikc ot tun gtaincd (tint, make*, it I'tit'iMi t't make < obit gctiicnl s of an> de'tf.iMt M/r By the use til auxiliary lenses. ally consisting of a sound unit operating in conjunction with a strip film projector. Tbe projector may or may not be auto matically synchronized to the sound record i'J'ii^ i .in he tn.iile n( |iln iti tye r aplo, draw utKV nianusrr iplx, or other ll.il in.ilerial I lie xcojie of the miniature camera is almost unlimited for those vs ho desire to roller! and prepare material for grouji pirventa tuin 1'iartirally anything that can lie pho tographed can he readily tranvfiumed into a d'de or strip film for projection f >ni' other outstanding advantage of the nun i at ore is the use of 35 mm color film vvhuli costs in that size an average of W 50 per roll of 18 exposures including processing, an average of 14 centf per frame 4 here are two types of color film now available. In some cases combinations of tbe fore going are available. The opaque projector usually incorporates a slide unit and tht strip film projector may lie readily adapted (or 2x2 inch glass slides In selecting a projector, the basic govern mg factors are : 1 The material to be presented Pictures, slides or strip films. 2 d lie size of the audience or the size of the average room in which it is to be used ,1. Portability. 4. Ventilation of lamp bousing and sub icct matter. Hoth of these color films are available in larger sizes hut the cost is prohibitive for non-commercial use nor are they so readily adaptable to inexpensive projection. t Her the past year or so, I have about `omr to the rum Iiisiou that two cameras offer the ideal outfit The seeond camera should le of tiro t\pe having ground glass lot using and adapted to the use of rut film and him park Outstanding examples of tins ii|>c rameia air easily procurable. I it'- take a look at tbe projector problem \s with the camera, the heart of the prolecn.i ,s its optica) `otTM Here again it is necessary to rely upon the integrity and scjuilatinn of the manufacturer Projectors belong in one of four separate classes, depending upon design 1 1 he oparpie projector- designed to pro |cct pictures, pages of books, drawings, etc bv reflection. In general these are less ef ficient. watt for watt, than other types of projectors lienee the illuminating system must he more powerful to offset light loss by reflection. 2 'I hr standard slide projector for cither 1' i x I inch or 2x2 inch slides 1 d lie strip nr slide film projector for i film 1 II id strip fill Us, A combination of items I and 2 usually defines tbe size and type projector neces sary. In most cases a combination unit is desirable in the interest of greater flexibil ity. It may also be necessary to procure two lenses of different focal length for tbe projector particularly if a variety of room sizes may be encountered. The shorter the distance between the projector and the screen, the shorter the focal length of the projection lens. For the average projector, a variety of projection lenses are usually available. Tbe question of portability is more flt less self explanatory and is governed alttio* entirely by the local situation. Too much* the way of durability and projection power should not lie sacrificed to portability I believe that the power of a projector la^ should not he reduced below 200 watts. Speaking of power, my preference is a projector using a projector bulb of fte* 500 to 750 waffs. A size larger than Ak requires a special power circuit which not he available where needed. In projet using projection hulbs larger than 300 s some means of forced draft ventilat* must lie included. Otherwise damage to slides or pictures being projected is ate inevitable Then too, the bulb itself I he damaged by excessive brat AmOURNMF.NT Occupational Disease Control THURSDAY MORNING SESSION October 19, 1939 The session planned for the discussion of problems in industrial occupational disease control was called to order by A. S. Johnson. Assistant to the Manager, Engineering Department, American Mu tual Liability Insurance Company. Bos ton, Mass., who presided. The problems wCehraeirpmraenseJnotehdnsaosna inptaronedlucdeisdcutshseionm, eamnd bers of the panel, as follows: Roy S. Bonsih, Chief Safety Inspector. Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, New York City. Warren A. Cook, Division of Industrial Hygiene and Engineering Research, Zurich General Accident & Liability In their health. On the left base is the niedi- ral side. They are the grmtji employed to carry out the medical j'art of industrial management's responsibility. And on tbe lower right is the third base of this tri angle where we find the engineers or in dustrial hygienists, who have to develop and prepare for the operating group the controls of occupational disease, as far as engineering is concerned with controlling them. -....... * NNo~w--. t-here is a strong tie between the mediral and the engineering phases through that base tine of the triangle What we hope to do in discussing each surance Company, Chicago. topic is to develop that tie, which we wilt Dr. A. G. Cranch, Industrial Toxicology Department, Union Carbide Company. call the balance of opinion between the medical phases developed by the doctors New York City. Dr. Leonard Greenburg, Executive Di rector. Division of Industrial Hygiene. New York State Department of Labor. Nw York City. on my left, and the engineering phases de veloped hv tbe engineers on my right 1 would like to ask this panel a ques tion. For a great many years occupational hazards have been studied in one indus Willis G. Hazard, I'ersonnel Division, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, O. Dr E. G. Meiter, Director, Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Wausau. try or another. Would this panel feel, let us say. sanguine that any industrial enter prise is now ready, by employing proper personnel, by searching out the answers wherever they mav lie found, to solve an occupational disease problem if they have Di O. A. Sander. Milwaukee, Wis. one. and by tbe proper solution maintain the safety and health of the employees5 Put another way. are we still groping The Discussion Plan in the dark on some of these hazards by CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: We have reason of conflict of opinion, conflict of pwd to have a working base from which * will talk. This working base from AMI we will try to develop our opinions fcwht I choose to call a triangle of re- bawuhilty, visualizing what may be called tkrw A. B. C.'s of an equilateral tri- ft|b ti the top of this triangle is manage- experimental data and theoretical expres sion by folks who find the theoretical haz ard in exposure because it is suggested in the hook ? Witt Dr. F.. G. Cranch talk briefly along this line of suggestion? DR. CRANCH: bmroad onceK: AINs CanHy: inTTddhhuuisi*sst"r--yqquus- eeasstittsiioof*ienndritshaat it is in a- position to solve an occupational disease on the basis of present informa s* of an industrial enterprise, the man tion? I would say, absolutely yes, for the *tes to pay the bills, the man who as the labor, the man who worries about majority of occupational disease problems are sufficiently understood to adopt effi cient measures for control 3 J,\tli National Safety ( om/rt Occupational Disease Control 135 I II AIK MAN JOHNSON. Frequently hear il sanl. "Wrll, why should I do rrsenic and benzol I lie chief reason, it seems to me. why we still continue to have poisonings in industry is because the s 11 > 111 H a I >n t tins until you folks remit employer and the worker do not realize 11 (mis ..n whethrr I ought In have two its per million nr two thousand parts the gravity of these hazards anil do not lake (lie jirolilem seriously enough to in r million?" I cl us develop tins farther stitute the necessary and proper means of ul ask the oiuuiuti of 1 >r 1- t. Mritrr, tin udr l)R MlIII'. R I agree wi l)r tiamli (hat there is enough known to solve these urrupational disease hazards j.revention l IIAIKMAN JOHNSON: Now I am going to switch to the engineering side and ask the same question. Let us visual ize an industrial enterprise that is fearful, If some employers are not willing to tin that has a notion that some exposure is a anything at all until all possible informa tion is available. I would sav that they serious one. and wants to know if there is anything from an industrial engineering r |!.i sta i solving these orrupational disease mis. we have a progressive solution e same wav that the 1940 automobile not have been built in 1920. just so e progressing in all the liram lies of ineering. ventilation, ventilation equip it. and respiratory protretive rlevires, so I think adequate information is standpoint that will make it impossible or difficult to devise the proper instruments to measure the quantity of exposure, whether it he dust, gas or fume I am going to turn that over to Warret t ook. MR COOK: Today we have more methods available for finding out ho* much of the injurious materials a man is ilahle A Ba i for Truth being exposed to than we have ever had in the past Formerly it was a very labori ous procedure in most cases to analyit < IIAIKMAN JOHNSON I think we have a balance of opinion there If you have an occupational disease hazard, there is enough knowledge stored somewhere in the hooks and brains to tackle it or solve it in progressive fashion. But we are clut tered up, 1 think, by a lot of crack brained the atmosphere inhaled by the worker Today in connection with more and mote of the injurious materials, we are havin| placed in our hands and are having de veloped methods which will quickly tel ns how much of the injurious material in lhe atmosphere breathed by the worker. notions I have read any quantity of liter We have devices which will determine ature in which somebody has ventured the the concentration of carbon monoxide opinion that because such and such ma terials are used, we must have a hazard merely by reading a gauge. Similar equV ment is being developed for other injuri that is just about readv to kill off the ous materials For vapors, about the ben population of the plant I >o we know enough about the hazards and control of benzol, silicosis, arsenic, phosphorus, radium, x-ray. and so forth, to sort out the truth and httild upon solid fai t an effective safety program' Will I )r Leonard Grecnlmrg develop that for a couple of minutes' device is the lnnerprrometer. and we hop we will lie able to get equipment of tkb kind manufactured in this country one ed these flays, hut at the present time it b rather diffirult to obtain. I'ractically all of the injurious matetnll in industrial atmospheres can be delto mined. Some of the methods are n* simple than others, hut methods are W DR C,R F.FN BU RC.: It seems to me that tlrere is a definite body of evidence which is available on the more important occupational poisons and for the more important occupational diseases, that makes it possible to prevent ami control these poisonings and these hazards with a great deal of certainty. That holds for substances such as car bon iiiuiiiisiilr and lead and chromium and simplified all of the time so the safety gineer in the plant can avail himself these methods. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now 1 going to ask Roy Bonsih a rather crilil question. In cases of doubt, where has to he balanced with knowledge, w lie think it advisable to attempt to a hazard in a plan! without left measurement? That is. by visual observa tion Or does he feel that it is beyond all question desirable to have the survey made technically by industrial hygienists or hy men trained to sample properly with proper instruments? MR. BONSIB: I think the greatest trouble in industry today is that there has been too much guess work. In deal ing with insidious problems such as the new substances and some of the old sub stances which have been introduced, it is pretty hard to hang your liat on every thing. and the average executive today wants to know exactly what is what, and enu cannot know that without concrete evidence. You have got to get definite in formation and data. When once you know the facts, which can only he obtained through technical means and by experienced people, yon can give them something definite on which they can base definite conclusions and oil which yon can base your preventive measures. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now I feel assured that we can discuss some detailed problems. We have our base. We are in agreement that there is no ordinary occnptional disease hazard that cannot he enptd with, that there is sufficient evi nce to sort fact from fancy, that there an instruments sufficient in quantity and hind lor proper engineering analysis, and *at there is no need of guessing. Let us start now an occupational dis- bm control program. We have Plant X. TV management at the top says, "Find V hazard, if any. Control it, if need be. I ma setting up a medical department; 1 setting up engineering occupational hgginiist*. I want you fellows to work out i program so that my operating departtowt can install the necessary safeguards, h^mrver they may be, and assure me that feme will be no emergence of disability hy Mm of these exposures." The Medical Program let as build first the medical half >f program. Of what docs it gericrally im.Dr. 0. A. Sander? fc. SANDER : 1 am glad yon emphatV need of a medical program in an tal disease control program, with the engineering control. An examination of all worker* exposed to a jiarticular occupational hazard is as necessary as is the exact determination of a hazard hy engineering methods. The appearance or the findings in any group of workers exposed to a particular dust, or what have you, gives an accurate picture of the hazard which has existed over a period of years That picture is one which the engineers cannot give you, because their dust counts or other deter minations may he onty temporary or may vary from day to day. It may have changed considerably in the past few years; the hazard may have been for example, ten times as great two years before as it was on the day the dust counts were made. So no*occupational disease control is ade quate without initial examination of all employees. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Dr. Sander has developed the need (or the medical examination as a survey question to deter mine whether conditions as they have ex isted have produced any pathology in the men. I et us assume that, and install our program of control. Dr. Cirecnburg. what do you feel about the need for periodicity in the examination program? DU. C.R FEN BURG: That would largely depend on what particular hazards were present in the plant itself. In certain cases it would be desirable to examine workers very frequently, perhaps even as often as once a month; and in other in stances it might be very satisfactory to examine them once a year, depending on just what particular substances the work ers were exposed to in their daily occupa tion and how satisfactory the technical means of control were. For example, in the case of benzol, it might he satisfactory to examine workers every three months. I believe in the case of tetraethyl lead, the du Pont Company examines its employees about once a month, though 1 am not quite sure about that. In the case of sand blasters, it might he desirable to examine them and x-ray them every six months; whereas in the case of fotindrymen it might be perfectly satisfactory if the men are engaged in ordinary foundry work to examine them once a year and x-ray them once a year or once evrrv year and a half. It would lie largely a question of judg ment, depending on the partietdar occu- N.ilnnml Sajct y l <"';fr.- 1 \<. ml the sul)sta I'l i I I AIR MAN JOHNSON I would ItUr lo ,nk I )r < . r cr illm r g to amplify just urn |>01 uI II tlie survey about wlilrh Or Sander spoke disi loses no specific occu pational disease hazard as having caused inn-oiler carefully the opinion expressed there You will observe that he has placed the burden upon his own proles sion, by careful discussion, of course, with the management that is to pay the bill; hut the decision must rest with the doc tor upon the evidence as presented by the conditions of the plant and the employees any pathology- and that is the situation that obtains in most plants -- hut still there may he some moderate exposures to this or to that, anil the management wants to he perfectly sure, how often as a general ih. -c i \ I here is no cook book formula which says you must put employees through the mill at standard intervals. But the making of medical examinations is another thing thing should those men come up for re examination ? IS survey has disclosed Understand, tl damage, nothing you can no pathology, no hang your hat on as put your teeth in imlicaling a great nerd for engineering (Ranges m current methods of control Re-examination Periods It always presents problems, because men frequently are frightened when they know th(.y are being examjned to see jf ,herc ;s anyt|ling ltie maUtr with them, not just b<;jng examin<.d lo Sf<. jf ,bey are all right. They are always fearful that some dire calamity may overtake them soon. It is a real personnel prob lem. one that has to he handled with 1>R C.RKKNIHIRG: That would largely depend on whether there were any hazardous materials being used in the plant 11 the condition of the men at the tune of the initial examination was quite negative ami no hazardous material is lie mg used in llie plant. I should say the de cision as to whether or not you are going judgment. I am going to ask Dr. Crancli if, in his long experience of examining a great many employees for operating exposures that might not he hazardous, he has al ways been able to keep those employers calm and collected and quiet and quite content with what things were found. to have plnsiral examinations is largely OR. CRANCHr Physical examination an open one. ami a matter of wide judg programs for occupational disease con- the rase of a depart ,ro1 can hart,l>' be divorced from a physi mployees. where young cal cxamina,ion program aimed at general ment voile > l ......v,, ee .-_____ -- . women act as salesladies, under ordinary conditions, it might not he necessary or desirable to give them physical examina tions more than once in five years, per haps not ev rn then health conservation. Where it is possible to have a medical service, where the physi cian is in daily contact with the man. physical examination presents far fewer difficulties than where it is done only foe the sake of occupational disease control lr i the other hand, the physical ex aminations were quite negative, and vet roxvi malena's a-e heme emploved. the dec ision would depend on how toxic those materials are and what the analysis of the II an outside phvsican comes in to ex amine certain gToups of men at intervals oi irom one month to two sears, mea logically ha'e a right to expect that then may be something going wrong wiA those who are called in frequently. m4 plant atmosptohermeeshthoawt the answer to the that leads to considerable nervousness It see is a matter of judgment which qmuuesstt hr based on a comparison of the relative hazards of the exposure as com- their part as to what will he found Th,,e is a ma,ter o( psychology M |)ractj<:e in carryinK out such a program* pared w,th the cost and desirabihty of exanljna, jons. j, much simpler, xrhsw continuing intensive physical examination. ,, ix ,>ossib)(. to arranRe it, have re.--* and only by knowing the detailed facts ab,y examinations for gr* can one arrive at a sound decision in a health conservation, and these examM p.irticu ar given instance. tious, then, will be included in the rr*^b ( 11 AIR MAN JOHNSON : I think procedure and help tn determine the rffm*. that it is icry important lor vnn all to of an occupational disease exposure. , Occupational Disease Control As Dr. tirccnhurg said, we do not at tempt as a rule a routine examination at a fixed interval of a year, we will say The periodicity of our re-examination is determined largely by several (actors: first, the possible exposure to occupational disease hazards; second, what we notice in connection with that man's health as the days go by. with surveying to locale and hud th' hazard that they want to control. Will Willis Hazard discuss that one? Mil. HAZARD: It seems to me thai the most important thing that the doctor can tell the engineer is what his findings art from the physical examination. Thai Our supervisory force is usually in structed to send in any man who seems a little under the weather, who does not seem to be doing well, who seems to be slipping a little. From their recommenda tions often we pick up cases that certainly require examination which otherwise would easily Have been overlooked. Another thing which we have to remem ber is that many symptoms are common not only to occupational disease expo sures incident to life in general; and the medical program for the control of occu pational disease is therefore extremely important in that the contact must be es tablished with the men to determine what changes are going on and what is their origin. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON. The im portant point to me is that you cannot drag in a physician from the outside who is a total stranger to your problem, merely because he is an expert toxicologist or ex pert something else, and ask him to set up a medical examination or control program for about a week, and then depart. Hire him to consult with your own physician, but let your own physician so fold the occupational disease program in to the general health conservation pro gram, that the findings of the one serve to Ugment and support the findings of the ther Now l am going to talk to the engineers. M assume that a survey has been made which we have discovered a hazard Aciently dangerous so that, in the doc- opinion, something ought to be done it. I am not assuming that it has ya so far as to kill men, hut it has maniMM itself either in moderate early sympM or some actual demonstrable paMgy in a lew. I want to ask this group of engineers more or less determines how serious the hazard is; it often isolates it to certain in dividuals in the plant, and that points the way to places that should come under en ginrering control in that regard. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON. Perhaps you have already visualized what I am leading to I want Mr. Ilonsib to develop tlvit a little farther. Here we have the medical examination installed to disclose what is wrong, if anything. I want him to develop the engineering control method. What fact and what data does he need to go about his business? Engineering Control MR. BONSIB: Since the amount of damage to the human mechanism depends upon the exposure and the concentration, the engineer should know the maximum allowable concentration to which he would have to maintain the working atmosphere or the working condition, and as an en gineer that is something that the medical profession must give so that the engineer will have something to which to work. I think the answer to the question, then, is that it is very essential that the thresh old or maximum allowable concentration permissible he known. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON. I do not think vve will quarrel about that. I am rertain no engineering group will stick out its neck far enough to define for the medical profession what constitutes the safe threshold limit. It is not quite the answrr to the question I had in mind, however. For a great many years, you know, the medical profession has been conducting its work successfully in industry, main taining the greatest degree of confidence between the employees and the doctor through the fact that the doctor never they want the medical men lo tell which they may use to utmost a<l" in their own work in conuertioii revealed what was the matter with the man if there was anything wrong. He grades the men in a general way--employ able. or employable subject to medical UK jSth National Safety Lomjre\. t It had been shown that wo open a question inform tlie engineer r of fare about the Uypsun ist itself does not cause silicosis or injury to the lungs. Where there is silua sand, we look for that injury to the lungs and the development of fibrosis and silimris here tile exposure is high and I,, r.l to r<! y 11 h< confidence the worktni What I develop is inform.dm i whom am this r men have her" " ling tlial professional lias established m e is examining ? mi| of i ngm s to adequately iow that Mike month from continued over a long period of time. Consequently, where about half of the material used in this operation was silica sand, it was the guess of the engineer that here was a condition which hail to he con trolled effectively to keep the dust roncciittation down to very low levels.' To everyone's surprise, the x-ray exami nations of workers who had been exposed Will von dr elo|> that. \11 Ha M H H A / A U l> It seen , to it ntirrlv pnssdde I . the engineer to nsr m a purely statistiea lie dor oof have to know win , \v 11 e 1111 it is Mike DambrowsU 11 is extremely mipor to these operations for a number of years, showed that there was no development of fibrosis. Further engineering data was collected, and it was found that two things hap pened. In the first place, the grain size of the sand was rather uniformly large and well washed. There was no abrasive of pr the number of people the same ailment and pie w ho are working in the plant as a whole action to produce a great mntiher of fine particles. In the air itself, the concentra tion of free silica was not SO per cent, or what it was in the main material, hut only MH IU > N S I 11 i an protei t aga" know w hat it is | 1 do not see how you t something unless you ung to do; and [ do not provide necessary pro one or two per cent Finally, laboratory examination showed that where you get quartz dust falling, or where you would get gypsum dust settling out of the air icasure extent y k now 11 i it bout knowing to what i go on them You must d limit to which the snbterial, whether it is gas (airty rapidly, the quartz dust settled out more rapidly; and the combination ol quartz and gypsum settled out even more rapid!/ loan either one alone, due to the dlls' causing the trouble If what the toxic limit is. fact that the gypsum dust caused agglom erations with the silica dust, and you had I I is till o it takes to make people - .............................h the human mechanism large groups of particles which caused this more rapid settling can stand, making due allowance for the Now. the data obtained through the idioxvncraxies of the susceptible, I do not medical examination and the x-ray wm `o how the engineer r ari provide the hat gave the hint that the cost and the -e- *0.0 me a *--- 'Tp'eteness ej the nrtrel a* -ha' operave JI r-'.` a- z-*a' - * v:'d 'ormaVy oe'e< .................... ,, ' - *" e ------------- r . '<tl-r wn',` CH AIKM \N JOHNSDX 1 think tW j lie iinisj inline that concentration to the point below whidi it will not make am me sick, and the length of exposure necox -ary to which that person must he ex posed MR f'OI )K: An instance might he cited where other factors than threshold limits have been utilized For example, in the gypsum industry, in certain plants there is what is known as a sanded plaster ma ii iif.u t ur iiig operation where there is illustration hinds together these points I have watched lliat particular study d veloped with a great ileal of interest, it for a fact, the engineers did not know. I did not have to know, anything ahnut A men as individuals: the doctor kept in his files completely Now let us summarize for just a I ment. to see where we have arrived Vfe J Ot rt<f>ah(ntal Pisrau' ( ontrol 139 have the doctors and the engineers as the two bases of our triangle. Our panel feels sanguine that hazards ran he controlled We know enough, there is enough kuowl edge in the aggregate to control them We say that the need for a medical pro gram is as vital as the need for an en gineering program; that the doctor ought to he the plant doctor, augmented by such specialists as he needs to employ to coun sel with him; that they have a certain amount of factual information that they must turn over to the hygienist or en gineer for his use as a check for his per formances, and that the medical crowd should tell the engineering crowd how low the hazard must he taken to consider it reasonably safe; that the engineers are perfectly willing and aide to tackle the hazard in some fashion if they know those things; and the periodicity of the exami nation to find out whether the engineers did a job or not depends upon the conili lions as the doctor finds the record written in the men themselves. Of course, the engineers are going tn continue to use the instruments of survey in check their own results. Now I am going down to our printed program and explore some of the ques tions suggested there. The panel will dis cuss phases of exhaust systems. Are there m the engineering catalogues, data de scribing machinery of one kind or another to make it possible for the engineer to design an exhaust system if he wants it. or thinks he needs it? Are there enough IurIi ffrade. glorified vacuum cleaners on the market to pick one out of the catalogue tnd install it in the plant, and expert it So produce results? Or. Meiter, will you develop your thoughts on present market conditions of dor-made exhaust systems as against gineering design of exhaust systems to fc the individual plant circumstances ? Exhaust Systems OR. MEITER . In my opinion, there is It available ready-made exhaust ventila- equipment The assumption that you elect from a catalogue and ventilate "* problems has been a great drawback la progress of this work. fep that 1 mean this: Oftentimes a run- _4BI trill have, say, a local tin worker r^tf nil him in and he. without know nig what the requirements are of the State Code, without knowing the limits to which the gas, dost or fume has to be exhausted, immediately sets about and de'ign i liiioil Then, without even knowing how inucIt air can he handled by that hood, he looks into the classified section of the telephone book and calls up the fan company. The fan company has a salesman, but he is not in, so the office girl looks up the technical data, and the company ships the fan. When this ventilating system is finally installed, the sheet metal worker says, "Well, the sheet metal work portion of it is all right, and that is all I guarantee." Then the fan conipany, on the other hand, says that the fan delivers a certain volume of air at the speed shown in their catalogue, so they wash their hands of it. And finally, when the whole thing is in, it docs not work and a job has been poorly done So the point 1 wish to make is that ventilation, no matter how simple, requires technical knowledge and technical instru ments to determine when the system is really working. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON. I think Dr. Meiter has put his finger on a ver> critical point. When I speak about engineering control. I mean engineering control, and l do not mean tinsmith control. I.et me illustrate. Sander talked about the metal fume fever, zinc shakes. Visualize, if you will, the problem of a shipyard building de stroyers for the United States Navy of galvanized sheet plate, with a great deal of electrical welding work to he done in confined spaces, in the little tanks and cells of which the ship is constructed. There is a plant set up in the field, you might say, lying for nearly a year at its fitting-out basin, a little plant about 325 feet long and 30 feet wide, 25 to 30 feet molded depth and heaven only knows how many tanks in it (they get down to pretty small sizes) with welding to be done in most. In those confined spaces welding, steam-fitting and electrical work must be done. Can von imagine a tailor-made ven tilating system being used there? Now let us go to the next question, pro tective creams and lotions. Let us have dearly in mind that a cream or a lotion is smeared on the skin for a purpose, and I , JSlh Nattoiuil .'ui/< Iy * om/tw.v cut the nr other nnt uf tlie ilmt Protective Creams and Lotions < ( HAM II I Hunk veil liar M i .11 nil' irritant Milistalli c\. I it (ar aln-ail nf the use of protce ams, however, itnuil tiersonal ami thorough eleanlim-ss nil tile tin winker Where that is oh he (|nr'niini of protective cream*. *( t importance . sometimes ncga nal hvgo Co have 1 ' - ed t he means of a patch test or by actual expert erne m the use of the cream In that case, some other means of protection must he adopted, or the man assigned to other work I he great proportion of creams now on the market appear to he reasonable Irer .......... any irritants or substances that are particularly likely to bring about an al lcrgic reaction. The main thing is to select the otic designed for the type of proter tioii reiptired. These ( reams, we have found, are often i oiividerahly abused. Men seem to think, m many places, that the cream has to he applied in a coating that hy its mechanical tliii kites*, to the naked eye will protect the skin. I have seen a man put on a unarirr o( a pound where half an inch squeezed out of a tube would probably haw answered the purpose. In that ease, they often run into other liilo nitios. Many of these creams which protect from oil substances, are creams which have a soap base; the men are simply running around in a soap poultice, anil they work up an irritation which is a great or in some cases greater than that vv hirli would have resulted from the ex posure they sought to prevent. In the oily cream preparations which protect from water soluble substances, tlicv offer to very queer mixtures. Lanohiie as a base. I think, is the thing nl fhcire for that type of protection, rather ''ar a lelu.'it'im It works a little fur ,l'rr o.p* the -kin. 1 hat.eve. rd will pro- **"1 *n a "**(( ifv r***igb manner than the 'a'...... `i-<* prevaravor* whirh jot (vrr lie *riiCt ard are more ca-dv robbed off and fail in their proter ko, a ml t o.r.real \ml o, soluble s have pro have in Hi I he tir I hat tin i "f allcrg v111v e to c haml. ti it is a [rmii vvlnili wc e iiiust have a l. then, is that the shall not r Villain all irritant maIIv opens op the whole held There are many people sen lain of the rr miiton ingredients iv of these p rotective coalings reliable onlv he discovered hv \i(.*tlin thou: t<* ronwder is that the last word has certainly not been said < or*.tei live ( reams: they are in the process i rather rapid development t belies* there are commercially available ma* suitable types of protective creams, a on the other hand, they can be made for a specific purpose very satisfacto% on the advice nf your physician You _. get a vcr\ satisfactory cream that rntlt produced in bulk for your own use Respiratory Protection ill \ I It M \ N lOHNSON: We ...Iitinne with the discussion of .viy protection. In connection with the examination of thousands of foundrymen, Dr. Sander has explored the opera tions which they conduct so that lie knows what they all mean. Me of cmorse has found that some of the men arc pro tected hy exhaust systems, and some of the men are protected hy personal body protection, either filters or the airline type ol respiration. I interpret respiratory protection to mean the kind of respiratory protection that yon stick onto the man. Of course, it is all respiratory protection, but I wonder if Dr. Sander would like to discuss whether or not he has found by the actual examination of men that the satisfactory type of respirator has been found whirh will actually protect the men. 11 exhaust system >ry proirctio vorking condition ls used and t irovidei it propei The exhaust ventilation for swing grinders is a little more difficult, but it has hern accomplished. There are very few swing grinders in Wisconsin that art exhausted, however. It has been our ex perience that swing grinders have not de veloped as much silicosis as was at first believed, and the reason probably is that hy the time they get the castings there is no more molding sand on them. It has all been removed first in the grinding wheels with all the artificial ahrasive, so the only silica the swing grinder is breathing is generally plant dust. DR. SANDF.R: beginning will, sand blasters, undoubtedly the modern air In i met affords almost 100 per cent protection for the prevention of silicosis, provided the helmet is kept in good working condition Moldcrs and core makers need no spe vial respiratory protection, in my opinion \ molilcr just could not do the job very well if lie were required to wear a respira tor trivm morning until night. and provided the air pressure coming into the helmet is satisfactory. In the observation of about .100 sand Masters in a seven-year period I have yet to see the first one develop silicosis who hail worketl only with the modern lie! met. Also, 1 have seen no so-called first ttage cases develop a second stage sili cosis during that interval. A first-stage I do not think I would depend on a respirator for the protection of the man with the tuberculous 'car. 1 would rather tol bin to some other job. or move his aunew here else, or localize his job in room ami ventilate it. I about a sanrdeabsloanstewrhytodwaey, sehvoeunld wwitohrrya rase has been kept at work; he has not tuberculous scar. We feel they are not heett shifted. going to develop silicosis, and then-fort We feel that a sand blaster with a vodern helmet is breathing less dust than layone else in the foundry as a matter ol l*rt. and there is certainly no point in we think that what little dust there may he will have no effect on such a tuber culous scar We have not permitted sand Masters witli tuberculous scars to continue lifting him out onto the floor, removing working on that job. hut 1 think we should tot piece of respirators- protection and ting him more dust than hr is getting bis sand blasting job A far as the other foundry operations permit them to do so today, knowing that the hazard of sand blasting is controlled provided, of course, the equipment is kept in working condition. __ concerned, of course it is atwa. dbfctr to exhaust when possible. .Ti ad. kM a few occupations that cannot hTehe.-re rd satisfactorily. One of these is chipping, and where sand chipping be done, it is advisable for the chip- to wear the filter respirators. Hovv.etrrii (here it is advisable to try some ' method of cleaning the casting if is all that is feasible--for instance. ' with high pressure combined and sand, and so forth *h ordinary stand unudiuR , the I IIAIKMAN JOHNSON: That dis sertation answers beautifully the question of respiratory protection as far as it ap plies to the foundry, and I think direct analogy will carry that opinion over into almost any other exposure that you choose to carry it into. In order to play absolutely fair with everyone in the audience, I am going to start on the questions that have come to me. and there are quite a number. Here is the first question: Assuming that the development of adequate engin- ( ), i ii I'lilnouil I h '.<)( ``Hi 11 'l 143 'Silt Sul' on./ N x/'-'V mil/' i h i a Male man into the plant r.. |>r.|MrS\ tt-nuM dust h.i/.*r<K u ..in I lir ^ i n 31! * i plants, (Ihm* h.nnii ' <>( J'"l rtupl^wi-s, M'pc wiUi tin'' pr-l n am I (Ictnmiiif wIk-iIkm nr not (he mMm ill. xpr< ling him to change a recomu info an order overnight. 1 have not seen that m this treatment of the occu pational disease problem. I am not telling von that it does not exist. I say I have w a lut/anlnns ililM * niniltl.111 nf 3tt lie r ...I t ip,u imim 1 lisrasc c i >n< Ii t h >11 ' It mM 1.0 impHMUo III many nidi's fur rsr small plants (.> Ml np cUMhhU* arul n<*t seen it I have here a question for our engineers Yesterday they were talking about weld ing mrtal and {time (ever, and so forth po nsi \ o < < m t {(! <l<*p,r t nr n t s 1 .. 1, .,! ilm mm" < r m a .Ic/nirfc dirn ..ii, 1 .tin * "i^Kost that pt rhap'- 11< ans.wi In- m \ h. icmit K-v<l<>('iiirnt . .linin'! run imliMii.l Mate, (livivintls hr i >rpai inirnt <>( 11 < it! ) 11 a 11) i 1 Orfonhm^ s\ >' m I. I I aM>r or (he Departam smr Or. la-mianl like to an^v^rr that <pir s t lull The Small Plant Problem rc is the i(iicsiion. Docs an exhaust l I ton from electrical welding affect the Id2 A- I view this qinsUon, it means thi: Whe., sou weld with an elcrtrii welding process using a coated electrode, the flux ing of the coating produces an umbrella or tent over the weld are itself and thereby excludes the air from the arc and prevents oxidation of the steel whirl* is being cast into the hole being filled up. and prevents oxidation of any of the material or metal DR. i.KKKNKDRh 1 lirrr arc two thmxs that thr Munllcr plant may `h>; one is to make tisr >{ us insurance company to the lullcst rxirnt . and the second is to maUr ww of mi. Ii facilities as the state lias at its disposal, either the Dejiartnient of J.abor nr thr Oepartment of Health. In approximately JO states in the Union, there are divisions of industrial hygiene m either the Department of J.ahnr or the that is in the fused state. Now the Question is. if you stick a heavy exhaust there and pull away that vapor which provides the protection, do you ruin your weld? Is the control for health at the expense of the weld, or would it be better to forget that and limit the time of the welding? Does anybody here want to answer I trpai tment of Health, and in a few cases .n Wot lx. and they are always prepared and earr t.. help the smaller plant, particu larly v.nh s\uh problems as this. NWiiv of the insurance companies have develcprd divisions of hygiene and have experts on their staff who are also pre pared and able !<> render serviee alon# these lines. It seems to me that the big est problem is to K(,l Die small plant management to recognize that the stum thaMt2R BONSIB : I think that if you have general ventilation there would be very little danger of destroying that umbrella that Mr, Johnson has mentioned. Of course, it is advisable to remove those fumes as near the source of origin as pos sible. You have to get within eight inches, and not more than that, to really get effi cient results, ami being that close you do not rnpiire more than 100 or 200 lineal bling Mock is management itself. Once that recognition has hren achiever!, it is feeIt pdeor nmoitlliothnink there is enough cooling a relatively simple thing to obtain prac action to do damage. As a matter of fact, n. .dlv free service from either of these two organizations in an effort to really some te-;.-, we were interested in making seemed to indicate that there was no dam do iniuinuinr preventive work. ( ll\(R\|;\N IOIINSON ) el me add one thought to that answer. I am familiar with iimsi ,d duo-.c divisions In none of them is there anvhodv carrying a big age done. However, you come where the damage would he done if you exreed that, hut I do not think you need to exceed 100 or 20<l lineal feet per million. If you have general ample ventilation, then you do `til k to hr ow hr at or to hammer into Uiapc not have any danger, in my opinion. the small plants that want help They are already giving help in an aduuirv fashion 1 hr ha- hr fr I ha I CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: That seerna to he a logical conclusion. It is certainly .minion based upon observation of that sort of problem The next Question is: run of lire clays, hut 1 am not giving the "is there enough silica in the average fire brick to affect workers seriously?" medical answer It is my thought, that the hazard produced in the clay products is not an inherent one, hut one thrown in In other words, if we explore clay for by violent agitation due to dry grinding its refractory property on the one hand, operations. and its plasticity on the other, is there a descending order of silicosis hazard from the fire brick on the one side, down through plastic china clay or paper clay on the other? l et us go on lo another interesting ques tion: "To what extent are the industries with which this panel are familiar pro viding washing facilities, and what are the advantages of washing in showers, and so Mr. Hazard, the questioner wants you forth, accruing to the employees on the one to talk about the amount of hazard in the hand, and the employer on the other, and fire clay, and for want of a better defini how is the thing paid for?" tion let us leave out the Canister brick which is a brick the sand of which we know to he pretty close to 100 per cent silica. MR. HAZARD: I think this is really a medical question. But there are certain fire bricks which are very high in silica, and certain others which have practically none or a negligible amount in them. You have a range there from what might be called a dangerous condition, down to one where you are practically sure no danger exists. Well, we know that in some states, washing facilities are required by law in certain types of industries, and in others they are put in. T can visualize the need to develop this question in two ways; one for the con trol of a serious occupational disease ex posure such as lead; and the other, the general industrial hygiene, to get folks to wash on the developed fact that by care ful washing a great many of the dermatitis problems solve themselves. It seems to me that if you had a fire brick with very high silica content, with Will Dr. Cranch talk about the pro vision of washing facilities? the chipping and knocking of the brick DR. CRANCH: Washing facilities are layer against the brick, it might stir up most desirable things in any plant, large considerable dust and might be a silicosis or small. As the Chairman has said, it is hazard, but I would like to hear (lie medi the most important factor in the preven cal side on that question. tion of occupational dermatitis, to say CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Will either nothing of general hygiene to the work of the doctors discuss the inherent toxicity men. of the fire clays as they are normally The vicissitudes of trying to establish handled in the manufacture of brick? any adequate washing facilities in in DR. GREENBURG: It seems to me dustry are great. My first experience the Chairman ought to tell us what the occurred over forty years ago as a work percentage of free silica is in the fire clay. man. In that plant there was no water He has talked around the question, but available, although it was a large plant, he has not told us the crux of the whole ami unless you sneaked from the job and problem. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Thr prohkm seems to me to he related to the otion that maybe these mixtures are so mixed that other things beside the silica produce an alleviating or an ameliorat ing effect to prevent what silica there is went around to a faucet which was used (or sprinkling the front lawn, you had no water available. It was not expected that hands should he washed. A man worked at his job, ate his lunch, worked all day and went home so black as a rule you could not tell his race. Irom causing silicosis. l.ater I became much interested in the Clays do not seem to produce silicosis. development of washing facilities. I re It is the dry-pan grinding of all kinds of member in one very large plant we put things that produces enormous quantities d dust some of which contain silica, and I cannot remember at this moment just hat the amount nf silica is in the ordinary in excellent washing facilities, and it was surprising to see how they were abused even to the point where in some cases we had to discontinue service. In other or- JSlh National Safely < KkniMiiniis .n .*11<*iii|( on llic pan oi llic manaK<*,nr,* to furnish k<o<1 ^avIiniK I d 1111 it s mcl with consistent refusal on flu p.irf .f tln workmen In cooperate with ilirin mi tin- ns<- <>( these things, r'rn vs here tin woihuni were ^v 11 time out at full f >.\ mi (onipan) tune to wash, i hr \ u * uh! tint ih > it I nr t iiii.i tel v, these conditions liau i landed. .oh! the men t lie in sc Ives now ap p i <1 i.i i e those f.u ililies where thev are put in, ami tin v K* uernllv demand them where May we have a development ..I that ,,,.csiion from Ur. Creenburg? 1)K. (.REENBURC: In dealing with ie whole problem of dermatitis due lo n- use of culling oil, you are dealing nil several different factors which may roduce different types of skin lesions lie cure for all of these, it seems to me, cs m the use of proper protective ointu in before the men start work ill the uiniing, and the washing up at the end f each shift with the proper type of non 1 hr v at r tint put to I think vva'liintf facilities are a most mi pm tan( feature m the control of ocettpa t n >n a 1 diseases. ami a nutnher of occupy 111 * 11 a I < ondit ions aside from dermatitis I In tr arc a nninher of occupations where lornph tr showers are furnished anti those f.u 1111 ies arc very largely a measure of prevention of occupational disease; ami at the hrpmmnij of the day's work the men change to working clothes where previously that was not done. Oil Dermatitis < 11 A I IH! AN JOHNSON Here i* I he easiest way to get the men to use i mm irritating soap is to supply one so they will not purchase an irritating soap themselves. If you leave it to them, they mav purchase one which seems to work r.ipidly. hut which may have irritating properties. On the other hand, if the management 'tipplies it, they can purchase one of suitih)e quality which in general may he of . more satisfactory type. The whole problem of oil folliculitis mil oil dermatitis can be handled and is handled in many plants on a very satis factory basis, by these simple means, and another pirstion "Is it not an accepted fact that oil dermatitis is more of a mechanical break down of the skin than it is a toxic proh lent? Ilow would you overcome tlie dr sire of the employees to use abrasive cleansers on the hands?" so far as I can see floes not present any insurmountable <1 i fTiculties whatsoever. The usual defect in the system seems to he that the plant does not pay any atten tion to the problem until many of the men become infected and many of them have skins which are more or less mined by an accumulation of oil and foreign t ntling oils and other oils prodm e denu.it it iv. and represent three hazards ( hn produces a plucking of the hair follicles, which is largelv a mechanical thing of rubbing oil ami dirt or what have von, into the skm matter in the pores of the skin \< that time, preventive measures are no longer sufficient. It then becomes necessary really to cleanse the skin thor oughly ami repeatedly so as to once again bring it back to its normal clean condi I hen we have what l think the doctors call hetemthrma. which is probably a chemical burn, an irritation of the skin which is another tvpc of dermatitis. Then there is a third one. which produces blood poisoning or boils where the oil has been supporting an infective medium hactetia < an we od\o that od contact problem hy handling the washing of men in a satis fat tore manner through washing facilities and the discouragement of the use of harsh abrasive soaps, or doesn't it make any difference ? tion CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Let us go over to the engineering side and talk on the industrialist who manufactures oils to provide himself a meal ticket and tries to prevent just this hazard from causing trouble. MR ItONSMC I agree with much that the doctor has said about getting good oil in the first place. I think tfiat one of the big causes (and l have studied this problem a lot for the reason that von hear many stories of in juries tine to cutting oils) is that the oil Occupational Piscau- ( ualrol is not kept clean. In the cases we have checked the trouble has been due to the use o( dirty oil. or nsiiiK oil over and over again that is filled with small particles ol metal. These cause sma',1 injuries to the jkin. and that in turn brings about fur liter damage. So if you keep the oil clean. I do not think you will have much trouble 1 think the practice of men spitting in the oil and using the oil over and over igain has caused much more damage Ilian the so-called paraffin acne CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: The next question is this: "Should employees working in departments subject to occu pational disease hazard be acquainted with and informed of these hazards, or kept m ignorance of them?'' UR. SANDER: Undoubtedly, cm plnyees should he informed of every hazard tn which they are exposed, anti they should he informed also of the findings on exami nation. Anyone going to his doctor, for any reason whatsoever, wants to know what was found. In the same-way, an cm plover going to a plant doctor wants to know what was found. He is not paying (or the examination, but that makes no difference, be is still a human being who i interested in bis own bealtli and Ins liiturr years of gainful employment. The practice in Wisconsin with physical examinations has been lo give employees a duplicate ropy of the report which the employer receives. The Wisconsin Indus trial Commission recently published a declaration of principles on physical ex aminations in industry which everyone in terested in this problem should see. In that it is specifically renuested that em ployees be given a copy of the report which the employer receives. That is not a complete record or report; * is merely a statement or listing of the nportant defects. I believe that it is as i wrong tn give employees complete re ports as it is to give them nothing at all. \ worker is not interested in what his Mood ssure reading was yesterday or today: he is merely interested in knowt whether or not it is significantly high. ad that is all he cares about. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Is there ykudv on the panel who would likr todisruss the question? HR RONSIB: I think you can cause : WWT unrest through fear, hy failure to tell the man. than m au\ other wz) II nia \ uqaguic he lias soniet lung, and h uorrirs and worries, and finally becomes lictiin of what is known as autohypnnsi w batevrr that is I think by relieving bis mind and telliu him exactly what is what, you lift th; \vnrr\ front him and you ease his mini all of which makes a better man of hin CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now let i tackle another question: "l'rocessing i a certain cellulose product involves ove night snaking in a solution ol .5 per ecu formaldehyde, and subsequently considci able formaldehyde odor is given off durin the drying of which those in the vicinit often complain. How much forinalib hyde would represent toxic proportion' And how could the quantity present in tl air best he determined?" Dr Meiter, would you like to tack that problem' formaldehyde is irritating enough so th yon would not require refined technic instruments to make determinations, h cause it is very easily noticeable in lo concentrations. 1 think proper enginee ing ntrthods could be devised for elim nating the fumes without using technic instruments, hecattse it is necessary to ke< the fumes down to very low concentratio otherwise a dermatitis may develop at also sore eyes CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Does tl medical side of opr panel wish to deveh that anv farther? DR CRANCII: I think that questic illustrates one of the phases where it not necessary to have engineering help order to determine whether or not yi have reached a point of safety. Enrinalilehydr vapors are not likely be toxic, since in a concentrated form is so irritating that just for comfort son relief would he demanded, so that we net not be particularly concerned about wh concentration is obtained usi.xll t "'K ,nXlr woi usually he avoided in the course of or terial prar,irc handling the n 1 HAIR MAN JOHNSON: 1 ""k *n\-s lie lias another idea Warn ( >1 i uj'tllimull DlMt/ll f Nllllill 147 _'Mh Anil.mi.i/ Nil (V < ng the <li' .it "i i it.itn niiiiiininn iii v ........-....lit whether the i rntrannus vvhuh were Itsteil m the ixtiire amt the irritative action was as utri) witli a tulrralile amount ut irrita i, nr whether it was m tlie higher he er of irritation W deliy de ga dehv yultietie alyses on some formal .pcration where formal- iseil m tlie mannfacUire resin The method we usetl tlie ImiIiI'Iiuk of tIter air of tlie plant nigh water, with two huhldiugs ill a rs, ami lestril with Shift's reagent, the liar melhoil for the determination of iiahlehyde, and we got results that e m the area of the breathing zone of than d() parts per million, which is thing like that. If an employee upon ex amination shows a very slight increase of lead content above normal after sixteen wars exposure, would you change hij on upation ? DR. t.REENBURG: I would want to know where he showed if, and how. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON. If 1 may answer the question, it seems logical that if there is lead showing up, it came from somewhere, and having explored that yos can determine the engineering phase of tlie control, and perhaps he can stay on the job after you have controlled the lead fumes. Mr. Cook, won't you answer the follow ing question? "What instruments are there on the market which are reasonable in cost for small shops to purchase which can be used to check atmospheres in metal ally suggested as a satisfactory con spray work for zinc, iron and other harm ful fumes? Must several instruments be At one point we ran tt up to 90 or 100 parts jier million, and at that point I found used where many types of metals are prayed during a working day?" I rimld keep my nose there for tfiirty sec mills before 1 decitierl to bark away from Metal Spraying Equipment it Hut I do agree with Dr. Cranch and MR. COOK: On metal spraying, there are several angles. No. 1, a booth, a ven dilions. nr lor other of the metals unless there is some additional one that is par ticularly toxic. Hut particularly where jou do have lead or cadmium, the deter mination should lie made for those, and based upon those determinations you can get an idea on the basis of the relative duration ol spraying of those particular metals what the exposure is. DR. MEITER: 1 agree with Mr. Cook, and 1 believe the solution of this problem il first, the use of a properly ventilated booth so as to eliminate the exposure to the other workmen in the vicinity. The second item is the use of a positive pressure airline respirator to protect the operator. I think that conducting metal iiing operations all over tlie shop and without adequate equipment, especially where such metals as lead are sprayed, are going to produce occupational diseases. I believe the proper thing to do is to start right with tlie proper type of equipment, by providing the booth and protecting the man, and you will then not need the sampling devices. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Then the specific answer to the question seems to be the lead prenpitatoi as the one gadget that will be must uscliil. and the sample slum Id In- analyzed quantitatively m the chemical laboratory. I want to ask the doctor a question in comicrthiu with pre-employment medical examinations The exposure is something that may cause dermatitis. I take it from the question that the problem of allergy arises Do you recommend patch tests in conjunction with pre-employment exami nations to determine an employer's pos Slide allergy to the exposure? DR. ( RANCH: In general, I would sav you would hardly lie warranted in con ducting patch tests on all applicants for employment. Where we have a known material to which the employee is being exposed that very commonly produces an allergy reaction, it might he advisable to use such a filter. Patch tests are not 100 per cent infallible, and they are not alto gether simple They have to he very care fully given and very carefully interpreted. For that reason, they are not an integral part of an average preliminary agreement upon examination. They might lie quite misleading. Dr Meiter that wthere the irritation does get excessive, then the irritative gas can tie taken as tlie determining factor even though with most of the materials the irritation is not the safe way to determine whether a gas cniulilion is or is not safe. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Here is tilated booth should be used where pos sible. Secondly, the man should in moat cases be given a positive pressure air supply. Now, assuming that the particular operation is one in which the man may be spraying brass, there are various methods ADJOURN MF.ST another question : "Is sulphur dioxide gas in niiiientra tioux as low as If) parts per million for pro longed ex [insure considered hazardous to the health ?" fining to the medical side, will either Dr (ireenhiirg or Dr Cranch tell us if sulphur dioxide in such low concentration represents a hazard for continuous expo sure ? UK. HR I- KNHIIRG: I cannot say off hand It is [list about on the borderline, using the ventilated booth. Let us assume lor the moment that lie is provided with no respiratory protection. If a man is spraying zinc and the booth is providing adequate exhaust so there is not much of a cloud of zinc and he does not get metal fume fever, it is probable that it is not necessary to make any determination for zine. If during tlie course of the day the man is spraying some lead and some cad mium. I would feel very definitely that it would be well to run an electrical pre cipitator sample, analyze the sample, ind I think. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Now, if an employee upon examination sfiows a very slight increase of lead content above nor mal after sixteen years of exposure, would you change his occupation? obtain the electric precipitation for lead and also for cadmium which would be t routine chemical procedure, and the con centration of both of those should be kept below the suggested toxic limit in order to assure that you are on the safe side. I do not know what a "very slight" amount of lead is I think presumably this means a few stipple cells, or some 1 would feel that it would not be neces sary to analyze for zinc under those co*- ,\ (l 11 < > n ii I .\ti!,ly ( ^ ^ M,n,U. ]u M...t I U I.. V, il.is to u- ; WM ........ I't.i* th r f ifvt ik1 IrainuiK K,x,n vn i 111 (lie umlo -UtnlinK Mi.it it vliouM |- rt'M.rtrd to m niffKcni \ i,H ' < >nl\. jm n11hk flie urrvaJ <*I llic mifM ot <|o(|oi seem to ha\r its on tin s.*lt\ |Tor^in. is a means of UcrjMun tin nun tMimUtl ami mute rlht irnt k<-stis< itatioii iiolnii lions HhhiM I. imlmlr.l m mi. I, a ...ihm Ml new <'i|iuj<iiif ul ,hmI a<l'lfftoiis slnutM U- *arrfnlls ms|x-<ol l*\ all i < unmicil, tlio -a I* t \ nixuim, tin ".Hi-lv tunnnttci-, the <>(>rrator, llir inainli n.uii c mm ami the rni nrcriii* lr ja r I im nt fm lia/artU, an<l Mops sIumiM Ik* t.ikrn iiiiuk Iiatrl v to eliminate anv that nu\ In- (unvnlnr.l to exist I have stated that Imlh from a moral and nit it enat \ stall.l|Himl the MijH'f v im >r ninsl pl.it e a. . i.lent prevt niton work on a par with an\ o! Ins othei lnties lie must as sinm the re s|h hi si I n 111 \ for all accidents octiirrm^ m his department In order to keep litese ae idenls down to a minimum, lie must have Ins men convinced that he is j>ersnnall> interested m their welfare and prob lems [|c should art as friendly and neiKlihnrl> as possible towards his men without losing any of their resf>ect lie must take active leadership in such worthwhile on deavors as employer training, safety com nnltec work, first aid training, hazard elimi nation, safety meetings, the dissemination of safety information amt employee welfare work If all siijk t visors would religiously follow these practices I feel certain that the mun- l-r of m our mills would he much less than they arc at present and it is pri marily up to the mill manager to see that such practices are followed. < H A I k M A N ( HAN I f l.e other half of the enntr ihut inn on this subject is to hel made from the "Viewpoint of the Mill Worker," h> Mr. I rank I Pavlis The Human Side By F. J. PAVLIS Fireman and Engineer. The Flintkote Company, East Rutherford, N. J. l ust, let's xmsid.i llu new emphner Records show dial Ms III. Ml-., employee who gets hint most < I (< n Iht new man should hr made to fcrl tin inr.h.iIrIv that he is one of tin gang He sln.nld U introduced to Ins fellow workers in a incmlU manner, mh Ii as "This is Mill. I mi or latk" ami not "This m Mr Mrowii" I "This is Mr Smith " As the foreman priHerds to aifpiamt the employee with his duties it would lx- well for him to anpiamt himself, too, with the personality of the niaii, judge his mental capacity, his weak nesses and Ins capabilities After his instruc tions as to the operation of the joh, and the rules of s.tfct\, the foreman should keep a close walHi as to how the new man fits in with the gang ulu tlu i lie is going to Ik- a build or just a wind hag. and if the fore man has hern a hudd\ to hm own men, it w on f hr long heforr he wdf know how the new man rates Von will note that the word "buddy" is applied both to tin' foreman ami the cm phwee And what a word it is f How im portant in safety is the relationship which it denotes How much Ircttcr the new employee feels when the foreman comes in on the second morning and greets him with a 'Hello, Hill" or a "< .ood morning, Jack" in stead of passing him hy as though he were allhcu-d with night blindness A friendly foreman puts the new employee at case, lets him keep his mind on his work and its possible hazards, without worrying about what the "Hoss" thinks of him. H the man has been out of work for a long time and needs the work badly, he will be anxious to make good at first. A tough and thoughtless foreman sometimes makes the new man nervous ami jittery, afraid to ask <|ues|ions, with the result that he is an un safe worker; and the bunnan, if he only knew it, is to hlatnc Here is an illustration. About a year ago at the height of the depression, one of our departments developed a spurt nl business and hired a couple of men. One I'afcr it iii / Pulp Section 507 voting chap l.atl stood in line there every morning to get a joh, and he lauded it. When the twelve o'clock whistle blew and the gang in the department knew it was lunchtime, they separated, grabbed their boxes of liuieli and got ar.nind in the different corners and sat down to eat I he other fellows didn't pay any particular at tention to the new man, hut when it got close to starting time at half-past twelve, they noticed this chap in the corner, evi dently not eating a thing. In the meantime, of course, all these birds had eaten up their lunches. and old employees Mon fine it makes you I eel when he will M.,,, and listen to you as Mill rc|x>il some .li fe, t in the machinery you arc iqieratmg, or some )ol> \ou are doing, with the assman.c that he will have it fixed light awav; ami then does it, showing real, humane eonsidrration fm the welfare of his nun. instead of saying. "Well, let's get hy with it as long as we can and well fix it over the week end " Per haps hy that time someone has lost a finger No foreman can expect Ins men to report unsafe prarlicrs or conditions if, when they One of them said, "What's the matter, Jack, don't you eat today?" And He said. "Well, no; I guess 1 can stand it until three o'clock, 1 didn't bring any lunch, and I have no money to buy any." Well, tins other fellow jumped around among the others, and made a little col lection. They have a restaurant down there where they can get sandwiches and bottles of coffee. But in order to get the sand wiches and coffee, they had to get a pass from the foreman to get out of the gate He's one tough baby, that foreman--at least, we all thought he was tough Rill went to the foreman ami said, "Here, Red, this young fellow just came in this morning, and lie hasn't had any thing to eat and he has no money to buy anything. Can I go out and get him a sandwich and a bottle of coffee?" And the foreman said. "Where are you going to get the money ?" And this guy said, "That's none of your business. Wc don't need money; alt we are reported, nothing is ever done about them, or done six months later. The men arc quick to realize when the foreman really doesn't rare, or is so concerned with pro duction that safety comes last Mon want safe conditions. Men don't want to get hurt, but if they can't get coopcration from their foreman, they soon give up trying. They know it's no use, and instead of reporting a hazard, they figure, and logically so, "it s every man for himself around here, and the devil take the hind most." I.et's consider, next, the attitude of the foreman when the man makes an error. None of us wants to hr caught violating any company rules of production or safely, Imt sometimes, in spile of everything, that hatipcns. Now-, how does the foreman handle it ? We don't feel so badly when the fore man will come ovrr anil sav "Now, Jack, you made a bum guess on this thing, and von didn't use your head, and 1 have to answer for it hut I'll trv anil adjust it with the Big Boss." lint when the foreman who sits in a little office in a emnrr of bis de want to do is to get through the gate." And the foreman said, "Here, take my lunch and give it to him. I'm going over partment ami governs us hy remote control, sits down and writes a long letter to the Big Boss, we feel wc have committed an ttn- to the cafeteria and get mine." ' pardonahle blunder Now, you know, that little move on the part of that tough bird just knocked the mask right off his face, and since then he kasthe friendliest hunch of men you would The first guy, this buddy foreman 1 have s|iokcn of, has made us feel that just for his sake the error will never be repeated. With the sreiuid foreman, the thought with want to meet anywhere. When he .nines in the morning, he is not afflicted with this night blindness you hear about. He tomes through and says, "Hello, fellows," and there isn't a thing the fellows ill that department would not do for him. Then, there's the attention paid hy the loeeman toward the requests of both new ns will lie, "(I K , Pal, I'll get even with you (or this " The icsiilt is carelessness or sabo tage, cither of which ina. endanger tits' safety of other employees Which type of foieinao will have the safest department? then, llirie's the question of personal health. I he man who becomes ill through !*""y living ,,r ind,,l,, wlm ls a "'rough Wl" K < S' a budd>. and ask to ge, X,111.mil s-lf. I V < 1 I M>| .pH mi: laid ' Wl ;..l 'I. 11,ii (I .1^ pn* \,. 2.1 I. ) I'., v.. V, U 2=. m At wii.it |(, What i- r;l" .ll-.ll.I.I.U Ml*" r in- i iii. ,,,,x i-2i.S I 17 Wlial i' ll,, .r linn- lo't I" , 11 '.tlillMK 111 J "I J ^ 1,1 ila>'. a,, nr.linp In 22 r< |ii|x (Avcruj;r f.n llu- in.lii'tr) wax r,-|i,irl,l al*.iil 126 .la\x in l'MH) " IK \\ lial lx ill, awraia' ,`,ix| ]n r <lix- ,u, U) \ \\ ..in, II. .1 \\ ..III. II. It I I. prmU . II llnw alilnip injury ? $27(1 IX), a,.<ii,Imp I., )<) rcporlx I" Wlial ix 11 if avrrapr linn lnx| atlir In rnia npcrati.nix ? 7 works, aiaiirilmp In 2V r<|mr|x laiwcxl time Inst 2 weeks ( .rcaloxl time Inxt 1,1 weeks I'.......... . t"< \,,,l.l I. A' ..llil. l,.w x |irnviil , \...x| ,1 Nn M l l-"l, = i i iii|'Ii nijlirlcx uli.T N" lime lux! willi inicelinii treatment "2*1 raxex ireale.1 1>> injeettnn mellinil willi 25 i tires repnrle.l " ill Wlial .ire ilie .1 most frerjnont tv)K x ,if ni)nr\ ? Injuries were- repnrle.l .ir.ler nf ir.'.|iiene\ llie follow int! I imiK. it Ill'll!.I 11 ml i'll'' i ni'.11 n in. 2 I li.il . ail'.1' i ii . npatioii.i! ill' ( iilx .Ain axinnx llrmxex ami maxlicx Strains ,.( illiu". .1 in, l.i.l, ft , man, i,l I'.irnal ,li' Slraiiu.l lia. kx Hums (vari.nix tyjrx) I'.iri'ipn Inli< x m evex I r.n litres l `inn ture w min.lx an.l x|i N... I 42 In , iliai I..', ' ii" I""1' nl nail \ Ini' a i.ilain 1'.' inil pa, I nil , 11'a 111111 \, 2` a ,1,'al.liiiK 1111 *1 r > .,i \ S ( S, In iliili '? I Icrmat (.ax. IT,alx Ileal elTerlx 51 /\re lour frr.ju.n.l ile. reaxinp J i, 45 ml -eveiiiv rale* 41 I In >,m elaxx.H lieimax a Nn. Ti 52 l>n ymir employees In more Tun* Irnm imliixlrial injuries; n.m -industrial in ) II r le x muler ,'lllnr llie A S` I juries ; nr Irnm illness S, I,e.lnlex > Illness, .18 Non-in,Utslrial injuries, 4 Imliixlrial injuries. .1 Non imliixlrial injuries ,,e< nr more fe** ...He,I afler a la, nil ? Ii lla'mlle , a. I. . a- , I late I,a,I n., ,1 lit,-,I pnlie qiienlly Ilian nuliixtrial injurie S.l Wlial .1 illnesses rail',- i ( nl.ls, 21 I U lie l I ['S|l|l ' iriimi me.' etc). 2" nt. in&t linw* Surgical op< ration^ ( \pt mUci If >111 M'-x .Mill ImiM.M I |)< Ml iiii.xI .nniimiii , >|,eral i, nix I, .axtrn inl. xinial ,lix, K'lieumalix .1 ai iliniix. 11 ipli l.l,,.,,l |,, <', I learl .llxea'i , 2 Knlney elix. .e, , 2 Malaria, .1 l ever, 2 lnfcelmnx, .1 lllnocl stream mf Tiiliereulusis. 2 I Vnlal Irealmenl S4. Wlial is ,i,,,, plnvees ? I "W I 'I I 1 , I I 1 I I M | , , J, ,| I I ipliexl 11111i111, i i, j,, ,i j, ,| | | noil 1' eiaja niiml.i ,2 IK I ''s '"I"1 " , nlape .lei, pi .In pi I, Ii, n, ,| ,, ml, , ,,,,,, , I'll.......... . I...... 57 I),.,' , ,|... ill'll. I lie pin, X,, ....... Illi.lll l.l '"lump work afle illness 1 Yes, 17 N.I, .1 \llfl |niil illnexx, 7 * 1 pi 11 M 111 ,.| """x, III I|II( x| i.iual.le ' I'1'"', tan a, ee|,|e,|. | Refinery Construction Problems By WALTER ULLRICH and E. B. HEYDEN The Ummus Company, New York City The construction departments work starts at the inception of a building pro gram, works in conjunction with tlie esti mating department, ami later with the de signing department A schedule is made when the equipment for the new unit will lie delivered on the job site, and provision is made to have llie erecting machinery in the field ready to start erection work when the materials are delivered. The construction department huthls a held office near the jol> site ami assembles a skeleton organization for supervising llu* construction work. llie personnel of a held organization depends on the size of the construction program. In general, it consists of: a superintendent, general fore* nun. held engineer, foremen for the vari ous crafts, and office personnel The next move is to build a tool house and storeroom. All tools for the juh are kept in the tool house when not in use on the job. The storehouse will contain all the small equipment needed on the job. As it is impossible to house the larger pieces of equipment, an open space is elected convenient to the job site to store ch equipment It is important that the receiving cleik sees that the incoming ship went* of the larger items are convenient!) pberd so that the various items are isilv accessible when needed When these preliminaries have bc< prnsed with, suitable transportation facili ties to, ami unloading facilities at, the job site are provided. The next step is the clearing of the joh site for the new construction work. If there is no old equipment on the site, the clearing of it consists of a preliminary levelling of the ground, l lie tmal grading is usually ilmic at the conclusion of the construction work Hut if the site is cov ered with old equipment, this equipment ami such foundations ns will interfere with the new coustriu tion work at ' removed. There is little or no hazard encountered when levelling a job sue However, in the ease of old equipment to he removed, it is advisable to exenisr precautions in dis mantling the old equipment especially where it is necessary to use a cutting torch. As an initial step, care should he taken to have all the utility and process lines dis connected ami blanked olf at the hattcry limits am! to have all the sewers, drains, ami ditches crossing the battery limits in spected for flammable gnses and liquids. <as tests should he made in all the vessels before they are dismantled to determine that they arc free from inflammable gases. The next step is to make excavations for tin* foundations and underground lines ami drains. In cae the soil has poor load-hear ing characteristics, it is necessary to Imild the foundations ,n piling for the heavier Slit ,Y i ih t> util S it I si V I 1 .1- well a- n <>*<!' Ia. I. 111111 c s l liiunl ' an*! f< jri Iuk <lcl< ms|*r< ,.IN well t fm fn ulm^ <Wfft juo ai tl.olu IM.I.1V The iifarlur >. the Ingli r i|liahl\ llit o.n Pr i.rs' safety o a , |MO ( t<|iiijhiiciiI that manufactured '"1 car Tires arc i(r and automobiles ... . -;.(< if ll.r per ,n behind I lie wheel ami >'<.nlri>l ,,erates l.y thinking ami driving tafcly I afi'ii of llir are. ilefols m lo mi nr in an> ileleels must leans llie (ai iry I.P iiiuttilely diliKCii mol, a y searching for liamlise. I liese paid added slop ipialily nispecto imporlant ^Jualily conlro! work in any manufacturing industry involves Iwo major safely fuur i,,,hs I lie first consideration is the safely ,,( (|lt. employee, to see lliat llie o|ieralor ls performing Ins jolr willi llie maximum Hcgrec of safely to lunixelf, lliat llie malerlau lie works willi, Ills tools or machines have no apparent functional defects tliat niay |(e hazardous to safely. The second consideration, sarfe--g--u--a--r-d1:i-n--g *t1h--e is-.affre.ltvy ooff I he consumer fry seeing that each operation is lieing |tcrformed correctly, being con stantly alert to insure the observance of specifications in order that uniformly high quality, safe merchandise is produced Dusts in the Rubber Industry By P. A. DAVIS, M.D., F.A.P.H.A. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, O. l,e .I.,.-,fil'd I I la. u f ul 2 Not Ini if.il i - nuisance Vvl.cii we lliii.k of this classification, we mullnihtedly think of some type of pneu inoiuKomosis However, 1 lielieve we must nut hase our conception of dusts on this bans, hut assume lliat all dusts are detri mental to the human system as a whole lien the concentrations are high enough Whether the disability is due to a toxir eutuliltini or lo a mechanical one, of course, depends entirely upon the nature of the dust The conditions usually referred to as liemg of mechanical origin fall under that condition known as pneumnnnooniosis with Us various s,il. divisions of I Sdicosis Ashesti Chaleo Chain i The method of contracting pnetimonoconiosis is by inhalation of the dust; however, all dusts do not cause pneumonoconiosis. I lie higher the silica content of a dust the greater the possibility of developing a fibro sis and the higher the percentage of crystal content the greater the irritation. The diagnosis of the type of pneumonoconiosis il based upon the following: 1 l'ast history and occupation. 2 Physical examination .f. Clinical examination of sputum. 4. X-rays of lung' Since we have beeni studying the lungs of industrial workers byf X-rays, _th__e_r_e _h_a_s developed an entity which should lie termed the "Industrial Lung." This condition, I believe, should not he termed a pneumonia eoniosis Ix-rause it reaches a certain stage; do not progress any further and aftW .I months to a year improves. Theft . symptoms nor decreased rapacity of ngs It is discovered only by a serif* ay taken over a period of year*. linhh, r Sr, The other conditions caused In inhalations of soluble dusts, insoluble, but free from uliea. anil metallic dusts have lo be discussed under a specific condition, for example, lead [soisoiiiiig is very frequently caused by the inhalation of lead dust , and mans nose and throat irritations an- caused I>y inhalation nf insoluble dusts whose act mn is strictly mechanical. Wc therefore ina > also rlassi fv dusts as: I. Pncinnonoconii itie ; 2 Non tmnnnonoconiotic. Some of the principal dusts or materials used in industry which fall under these classifications are as follows : Pneumonoconiotic: I Silicosis (sandstone, slate Hour, fuller's earth, Stoughton earth, infusional earth, rotten stone, any other clay with more than Y% of 1% silica, ground glass). Siderosis--iron ores, iron oxides (nal ), iron sulphides (nat ). J Anthracosis--coal and carbon dusts. Asbestosis--powdered asbestos, asbestos ore. 5. Chalcosis--copper ore and copper dusts. 6. Chalicosis--.lone dusts Non-Pneumonoconiotic Harmful: 1. Lead dusts. 2. Arsenic dusts. J. Chromium dusts. 4. Cadmium dusts. 5. Antimony dusts. 6. Kadiunt compounds. 7. Alkali dusts. 8. Sulphur dusts. 9. Tellurium compounds. W. Various colored compounds such as ultra-marine blue, Prussian bine, lead chromate, etc. Hon-harmful but munce duits: I. Soapstone with '/i% or less of free silica. I Zinc oxide and sulphide. 1 Barium sulphate, i Plaster of Paris, i Paris white--whiting, i Talc. 1. Mica--may cause a mechanical irritation. I Oxide of magnesia. 9 Titanium diox file As we can see by this classification wc msarily must go back to our original Gasification of harmful, and not harmful; 1 I am convinced that while silicosis is e of our predominant conditions due to silica, then arc main o arc produced m the re air harmful lo the mdn I he following I hr tsl important materials used i tlic idustry which arc in the (orn of a du to w Inch the n dividual powder and posed They arc marked by the foil g letters--H. harmful ; Nil, it harmful; HT, harmful and toxic; HP fill and pneumonnen- motic, NUN, not harmful llllst I. Talc soapstone with '/ of 1% SiOr-NIlN lev 2 Slaicli and |>otalo (lour--NUN. .4. Zinc oxide--NUN--see chest x-ray. 4. Lead oxide, metallic lead dusts, lead chromate, and the various powdered lead compounds--HT. 5. Carbon black--NHN. 6. Rubber dust --finely divided dust from bulling process--NHN. 7. Sulphur--H, sometimes irritates nose and throat and occasionally produces a dermatitis. K. Whiling--Nil V Haryles--NIL 10. Asbestine--HP. 11 MgO, and MgCO.--NII 12 Lilhnponc--NHN 1.1. Red lead--HT. 14. High grade clay--IIP if over '/i of 1% silica and dust count is over 5.000.000. 15. Corn stareIi-NIIN. Ui. Knglish vermilion- HT 17. Graphite--NHN. 18 Chromium oxide--HT 19. Ultramarine blue--HT. 20 Tilaiu.x--NT. 21. Thermatonic blue--NTN 22. Z.inc stearate--NHN. 2.1. Aluminum--NHN, occasionally causes a mechanical dermatitis and irritation of nitrons membranes of nose and throat. 24. Hard rtihlier dust--NHN. 25. Lime--H caustic. Produces dermatitis. 26. Various alkali dusts--H caustic. 27. Various chromium and cadmium dusts -HT. 28. Mica -- NH--sometimes causes me chanical dermatitis. 29. Yellow oxide (Fe.O.), NHN. .10. Black oxide (Fe.O.), NHN. . .11. Gypsum--NHN. .12 Casein--NH .1.4 Wood flour--NIf .14 Prussian blue-HT. S'/;, ,V,i/imiih/ Stih'tv Cl"KI" /v'ii/i/mt .<i\v/lolt 641 i hi*iim bronchitis, post influenzal infections, post pneumonic conditions, aslhinalirs, anil Ui t'aptax -Nil .17 I'hnnl 111 l.i N.ipthils II 1H Soap Talk Mil. vniililmi''. ' li'ili ii'ii/.i .uni c i .it) mu 11 vit i1. I`l ( ..Mini Iml .IllM NUN III III, iii/i p..udri IIT .i. In .1 i.i|i|i. I am! li .ill < mitcnt 41 /ini' sij]|,|n.lr NUN 42 Sand III' 4 1 Various (lays having more (lian Yi Ilf 1% of free silica- H 1> 44 Anlimom nxule HT. IS lll.lMllllll ox ole Nil Hi Yarions inorganic and organic chem- ii al i 'iiifNiiiiiils in powdered form often produce ilusls during llirir use anil maimlaetmmg. These must be eonsidered intt virtually as to lluir industrial hazard and loxuiiy and are not in the scope of this paf*r 47 Wheat am! potato Hour--NHN The follow mg procedure will lie helpful persons with myocardial involvements for 'his, \ operations I have found that their is x ray evidener of tulicreidoxis in alxiul 2 per coni of the uses Iml only '/i of 1 per cent active and "} a fiermancnt disability. I hiconiplicatcrl pur imiorior rinirisis of a moderate degree is not disabling to a point of permanent disa- liility. I want to present to you a case which I think is a rare one. This employee has never worked in any dust before his employ ment on his present job He lias worked for 12/t years in line oxide dust and dur ing our periodic examinations in 1938 the x ray picture proved very interesting. He does not have a definite pneumonoeonioxis but he shows evidence of glandular fibrosij. What will develop in a few more years will be shown by x-ray examination only. He lias no symptoms. If this man had been working in lead or simitar toxic dusts, symptoms of that particular substance would in sulving vom problem of dust 1 Make repealed dust counts of the working area al various levels 2 Obtain some of the dust and send it to the laboratory for complete analysis in cluding the determination of free SiO,. .1 1 xamiiie die workers, x-rays of the 1 lirsl for those working in pneumonoconiotic The dust counts on toxic dusts must be kept at a minimum, and much lower than that (or silicotic dusts In silicotic dusts the particles of 10 micron size or larger are of very little concern, but with toxic dusts the size of the particles is not so important as is the number of particles. The smaller the illation he snfhcieiit li to a cerium pm"' I In al that point You should i until nil Imres acconlu the 11 pe of dusts ex ,xtvrcl to mid .i' follow inn * schedule v hu ll , ,1 fol .1 fnt years Silicosis oi silicotic ilitsts six months ,n eluding x-ravs Non-silicions anil non silicotic or taic dusts--every year, with x-rays non- Toxic dusts--for example lead, chromium, inenir, antimony, phosphorus, chemical dusts, and alkali and caustic dusts every nontli. Nuisance dusts--every I to I 'A years-- rays only if indicated mliisit v. for the siluoiu dusts alone would icipuic a volume to do them justice, hut 1 want urn to n iiienils i that there are just a- mam s,i,,,n- ...millions which may dr v, lop from the ................... of various toxic dllsls These (Oinhlmus .oc often more serrons than pur unionoc I miosis and develop much faster and in a shorter period of time For instance, a pci son mav develop a lead poison ing in two months from inhalation of lead compounds and it might take five to ten years for a sthcosis to develop in the same environment of silica dust There are mi the market today many fine and cllii ient protective devices such as chemical protective masks, dust respirators, IHisitivr pressure masks, clothing and gloves which if used will give good results. II you find any evidence of trouble it is fetter to correct the cause than to transfer llie employee elsewhere, for this often nines dissatisfaction and suspicion All writ conditions can lie controlled if there is cooperation between the medical, engineer ing and managing departments In most Kates at present al) conditions caused by dust are compensable, so it behooves the employer to correct his working conditions to a point at w hich there are no hazards. Conclusion Instruction to the employees by the super vision in regard to their personal habits, their instruction concerning the type of dust they are exposed to, and why they have to use the protective appliances, will reduce the (Missihility <i( any trouble to a minimum. All laboratory work must he done by a leehnirian wlm lias been trained in the vari ous toxicological laboratory techniques and the interpretations must he made in con junction with the past history of the in dividual. May 1 say in conclusion that it It is inqioxsible to give a detailed descrip is much more profitable to correct a dusty tion of all the dusts used in the rubber operation than to declare it a hazard. dusts 4 Cheek the ventilation and increase it particles of dust the less the rate of settling ami the greater (he time of exposure, and lo piishier non hazardous atmospheres 1 I tillerentiate Ik-1 ween conditions causej this is the important item in toxic dusts. For example, the permissible amount of lead Training Supervision in Accident Prevention h\ volatile substances and solvents, and those caused by dusts ti I'rolect the workers with proper cloth dust is approximately 15 mgs. per day of eight hours There would be very little chance of any one ever developing a pneu By JOHN J. LOGE Employment Manager, The General Tire * Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio ing and protective respirators and masks. 7 Study the particular dusts from the mechanical and chemical nature and if the elfri Is are unknown, resort to animal experi mentation. M If dusts arc toxic and harmful consider the possibility of a substitution for a non- harmfnl substance. *) h xamine and x ray all employees who are liemg placed on jobs where there is a dust hazard They should lie examined ixnodieally 1(1 Make each dust problem an individual one, ami in case of silicotic dusts, keep the counts lielow 5 M per cu ft., if the free SiO, i< more than 1% II Select employees free from Til, monoconiotic condition with this dust count, but if it is increased very little there is a chance for lead poisoning, and so it is with the various toxic dusts. The question in most of your minds is, "What are you going to do about these conditions?" The answer is simple. Yoo are going to correct them. It lias been proved many times that it pays big financial returns, creates better working conditions, and the employees have a more efficient and appreciative attitude for the employer. It is unnecessary for me to consider the methods of correcting the dust problems for this is in the realm of the ventilation engineer, hnt you must insist that the vett* Aj we scan the history of the safety movement, we find that a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the foreman's mponsihility in accident prevention work. Asthorities seem to agree that foremen (ud by foremen is meant direct super vision) are very largely responsible for Ac prevention of accidents in industry. How do these authorities arrive at their Bclusions? Why must the foremen as lant the responsibility for injuries to per Ms under their supervision? When we tell our supervisors that they Mst accept the responsibility for arcidmts occurring in their departments, we must he prepared to state a few reasons. We ask a foreman for a report following an accident, and he has a right to a clear understanding as to the reason why he is called upon to explain when one of his workers is injured. There is nothing mysterious about the placing of respon sibility for accidents. It isn't the case of management imposing a burden upon supervision that should belong elsewhere. As soon as a person is placed in a super visory rapacity, a position where he has charge of the work of others, he becomes directly responsible (or their conduct and I