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FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1932 Oct DOC#: NSC152 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: NSC Transactions [Pgs. 50-57 & Pgs. 412-434] 1932 TRANSACTIONS Incorporated TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL SAFETY CONGRESS Washington. D. C. October 3 to October 7. 1932 ic W ard m an Lark and Shorcliain H otels C opyrigh t. 1933, PPatui-ial S a fely C o ' i ' . i In c. CONTENTS PAGE Council Officers and D i r e c t o r s .......................................................................................... 3 Council P u rp o s e s an d P o li c ie s .......................................................................................... 7 General Sessions-- A nnual M eeting ofM e m b e r s ...................................................................................... 9 A nnual B a n q u e t ................................................................................................................ 21 Advanced Safety E n g i n e e r i n g .................................................................................... 23 G eneral R o u n d T a b l e ..................................................................................................... 33 Eire P r e v e n t i o n ................................................................................................................. 39 '' In d u s trial H e a lth S e c ti o n ............................................................................................. 45 ' In d u s tria l N u rs in g S e c tio n ........................................................................................... 79 S afety in F o r e m a n s h ip b y th e C onference M e t h o d ......................................... 83 A c c id e n t P rev en tio n E q u ip m e n t M a n u f a c tu r e r s ' S e c ti o n .................................... 107 A ero n au tical S e c ti o n .............................................................................................................. I l l A. S. S. E . -- E n g in e e r in g S e c ti o n .................................................................................... 119 A u to m o tiv e and M achine S h o p S e c t i o n ....................................................................... 131 C e m e n t Section ....................................................................................................................... 141 C hem ical S e c t i o n .................................................. 1................................................................. 157 C o n stru ctio n Section ............................................................................................................ 177 Delivery, T a x ic a b an d B us S e c t i o n ................................................................................ 191 E le c tric R ailw ay S e c ti o n ...................................................................................................... 201 F o o d Section .......................................................................................................................... 217 I.Iarine Section ....................................................................................................................... 233 M e a t P acking, T a n n in g an d L e a t h e r I n d u s tri e s S e c ti o n ...................................... 251 M etals Section ......................................................................................................................... 263 M ining S e c t i o n ......................................................................................................................... 277 P a p e r and P u lp S e c ti o n ........................................................................................................ 309 P e tr o le u m Section ................................................................................................................. 327 P o w e r P re s s S e c ti o n .............................................................................................................. 347 P ublic Utilities S e c ti o n ......................................................................................................... 357 Q u a r r y S e c tio n .......................................................................................................................... 379 R efrigeratio n Section ............................................................................................................. 3S7 R u b b e r Section ....................................................................................................................... 395 S afety Section, A R A -- S te a m R ailro ad Section, N S C ................................................ 405 T ex tile Section ........................................................................................................................ 435 W o o d w o rk in g and L u m b e r M a n u f a c tu rin g S e c ti o n ............................................... 447 I n d e x ..................................................................... 455 * Although tlie National Safety Council endeavors to eliminate from discussion at its conventions matters which are not pertinent to its purposes or which are contrary to its policies, the Council accepts no responsibility for the views expressed either in the papers presented or in the discussions thereon. * * N O T E : The sessions of the Street and Highway Traffic Section, the'Child Education Section, and the Hom e Safety session are published in a separate small' volume of these Transactions, available on request. o National Safety Council In co rn o ra ted 20 N o rth W a c k e r D riv e , C h ic a g o HONORARY MEMBERS A ssociation or I kon and Sru-.L E lkctkjc.'.i. E ngineers R oJIKHT \V. C amtulll A rthur W illiams OFFICERS (1932-1933) J. I. I'.a n s s u , President. KiTir.KT I. C atlin, Vice-President for Pul die Safety. J. E. Clllinkv, Yice-President for Engineering. H oward 13. F onda, Vice-President for Membership. <i. T. H i.lt.m u t ii, Vice-President for Business Administration. J. K. I.osg. Vice-President for the Division of Safety Councils. (iM iv.E il . W arkkl, V ice-l'resiilent for lm ht'tih il Safety, l.'u. C. II. W atson, Vice-President for Health. ,\. W. W hitney, \'icc-Prcsidcnt for Education. W ill Coon-:), Treasurer. W. 11. Camkkon, Managing Director and Secretary. EX EC U TIV E COM M ITTEE (1932-1933) W.m. F. A iuikun, Safety Division, Milwaukee Association of Commerce. C. 1!. A uek, P ast President. J. I. liANAsit, Consulting Engineer. Kknkst W. l i m e , United States Rubber Company. C. W. Pii.ruouist. P a s t President. C. 15. IIoulkt, Public Utilities Section. W. II. Camkkon, National Safety Council, h'oni Kr W . C amimikll, Past President. Robert I. Catlin, Aetna File Insurance Company. F rank II. Con an. Marine Section. W ill Cod>nit, Stevens Hotel. J. If. C u n inky, Bethlehem Steel Company. Howard Dana, Poston Elevated Railway. I.r.wis A. Dr.Pi.oi.s, Past President. .Marcus A. Dow, Past President. I I owmu) 11. Eonpa, Burroughs Wellcome & Co. ( U . S. AA 1no. P. 11. C i.ath t.TKit, York County Safety Council. I m. T homas W. Gosling, Superintendent of A kron Schools. H arry GtiiuiKicr, T h e Pullman Company. G. T. IlKU.Mirrit, Chicago, North Shore & Milwaukee R. R. Co. W alti.ii G. K ing, P a s t President. F rw.'n u h M. K ukml, Evanston Safety Council. F rank J. I.a n .m i a n , Fort Pitt Malleable Iron Company. T homas E. Ligiitfoot, Mining Section. J ohn E. I.ong, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corporation. 3 4 ".iVw.'Y-/n\i.' ('oni'rrss-- Salioiuil Safely Count 1 H. W. I.oh.muk. Cleveland Safety Council. \V. \V. M ack, Delaware Safely Council. A kiiiuh T Moin.v, l 'ast President. Lmv R. P ai.m ik , Past Preside.il. C. E. P i-.thhonf., Past President. J. J. P i. / ak, Paper ek Pulp Section. 1 i. Cm. lliNliY A. R ininof.r, Past President. I-. I-'.. S aXIomi, General Electric Company, t . n mu.i s 1! .Scott, Past President. E rnf.st I.. S imonhs, New Haven Safety Council. C. W. S m it h , Standard Oil Company (Indiana). II. S. S m it h , A S S E -- I'ntpnccrinK Section. I\. T. Soi.i: \ s h n , Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers' Section, .loitN II. T ayi.ii]!, Mirminaham Safety Council. Aicrii i.-u M. J our.. Consult ini; Marine Engineer. C. I'. T urman, P ast President. G iokol II. \V ain it., Union Pacific. Lailmad Company. Die C assius JI. W atson', American Telephone & T elem aph Company. W. L. W iiiti:, J r., Cement Section. A. \Y. W'ltrr.NKV, National lhireau oi Casualty & Surety Underwriters. Dh. C.-E. A. W inslow, Vale Medical School. A rthur II. Vouno, Past President. DIRECTORS (1932-1933) A u o u s r u s I.. A bbott, St. Louis Safety Council. M. S. Ac i: cum a n , J r., Lettish Valley Safety Council. W'm . E. A ri>i:rn, Safety Division, Milwaukee Association of Commerce. J. I. TIan asii, Consulting Engineer. IonN Han k s, Madison County Safety Council. J ohn W. Marion, Safely Department. Nashville Chamber (4 Commerce. E rxkst W. Hi uk. United States Kuhher Company. W. A. Min n k tt, W orcester Safety Council. I. . G. Hknti.ky, Richmond Safety Council. C. W . Ih.i.-r.nuisT, Wcstorn Electric Company. D avis S. Ukyf.k, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company. E. E. H i.a n k , Jones it I.aui'hlin Steel Corporation. C. Ik Iloui.TT, Public Utilities Section. W. R. I '.tivn, J h., American Petroleum Institute. T homas W . IIkf.wf.r, Hazelton Safety Council. R. A. IhiVANT, Safety Division, Syracuse Chamber of Commerce. R.m j 'ii C. L'.u s i i , Electric Railway Section. Gt.o. A. Caldwell, Knoxville Safety Council. W. 11. C 'Miron. Nation... Safety Council. Rolii.rt I. C.vrt.iN, Aetna Life Insurance Company. P rank 11. Cou.a n , Marine Section. W ill Cooler, Stevens Hotel. J. E. C iu i.in i'.v, l '.elhlehem Steel Company. E iovaiiii D ana, Mn.ston Elevated Railway. F. A. Davihson, Consiiltin.a Em.'inecr. C u f k ir ii D a v is, Street it Highway Traflic Section. L. W. D aV. i.i v, Refrigeration Section. i'll "'MS I.l D awson, Grand Rapiils Safety Council. J .l .l A. Di l'u oi Constating L-.KinceJ ay E. D f.ckku, Mason City Safety Council. lflccrs nini >ircclors 0 .:i:s i: iJoi.'i.i ss, Tin1 eias Works Cc.mp.v.iv. I in. Loins I. D uhun", Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. I hi. C uaiu.i-.s l i . E a .mi.s, T e x tile Section. ITu.iu me \V. E a m o x , lilackstouc Valley Safety Council. H. M-M V IT.1.1mi, A rm o ur eX: Company. 1) t ai.u A. ITnkiu;i n i .k. Toledo Safety Council. U Mini T. 1-Tsnr.n. Kaslbay Safety Council. T homas IT i/oni\i.n. Western Pennsylvania Safety Council. IIoua',1 I:. I;n:,!n. Pun roii.ebs Wellcome & Co. tt" S. A .l Inc I' 11. ( ii v ii i.t.'irla York County Safely Council. IT i m.s i 1'. ( ionium' u, Consultine Hn.cinccr. 1>k. T iiii.mas \\T (irsi.ixi;. Child Education Section, i n un M. (Ir. \ \ i:s, t j u a r r y Section. 11\i;i-\ ( i r u n im . The Pullman l "omiiany. Is \ ia11 II m i . I In- Atehi-mi. Topeka V Santa l 'c Railway Co. 11. T. 11 \i.| i,\i.:o \ , C. S. Pui'eau of Mines. I. . M. 111 i x: 11 ma\ . Safelx Puireau. Ilnliith (L a m b ir of l oimnercr. (,. I. Iti ii mi i n , iliiia v o . N'oi ill Slime \ M ihi anker K'. K. Co. ( . I.. 11ii'.ii'ioU'I i:. Peliolenni Seel mi. i T i as. IT J I ii.i.. Neve York Central l ines. I I mi.v I). I.m m ii.. Department of l.ahor Ji Inihistiy. Pennsylvania. I.uix Pim i. I.m ksox, X e York Edboii Company. D ama IT In x is. Mamifaetnrers Association of Eric. l.'oiAxn lo x is, Wimiluoiliiu^ and l.mnhcr Manufacturing: Section. lev Y. Ki I'M a, Pennsylvania Salt Mfq. Co. IY.xnkiin M. K ih'.mi.. Evanston Saiety Council, l ir.Ni; |. I.W A ii.w . Knit Pitt Malleable Iron Company. T homas I'T I.ihii (Joot, Mining Section. K. M. I i m i . \ 'i York Department of Education. I. IT I.o m .. T h e Delaware X- IIml.on Railroad Corporation. II. \V. I.oumoh. Cleveland Safety Council. W. W. M ack. Delaware Safety Council. II. T. M artin. I-i Rubber Company, IT W. M.yimin, Minnesota. Safely Coiincil. P an iox M i x hi i smhi x, Detroit. I I inrv J. M i n i t i ;, Food Section. W. S. Mm i i.u -.ixo. p o rt W ayne Saiety Council. I T han !.. M oi.kr. Dayton Safety Connell. K. 11. M oiu.kv, Industrial Accident I 'r even timi Associations. Mii.m i; M iC u .x loci;. H a r v a r d l.'nivi rsity. W\i. ti. McCVu .am. Elizabeth Safety Council, T. II. McKr.x.xr.v. Illinois Steel Company, Sonili Works. A. D, McW iiorttr. Saiety Division. Memphis Chamber oi Commerce. Coi.. P.k.x P. NTcki.i x , Chauanoo.ea Safely Council. John A. ( L u m i .. Carnee.ie Steel Company, i ioii i: C. A. O re. The Detroit Ellison Company. I nns. IT O u k .x. Employees' Publication Section, l ew R. l '.M.MiK. ITpiitahlc I.ife Assurance Society. J o n n C. P ahkih. P.ronklyn Saiety Council. C. E. I 'mino.xK. American Mutual Liability Insurance Company. IL.a i.xarii Pi -.tt. Louisville Safety Council. .1. J. P i.za k. Paper eX Pulp Section. II. 1'., P o r m i, I'.altlinore Saiety Council, t h as. )-.. R i.hu rx, Providence Saiety Council. I t ' oi,, ll i: \n v k r x i x lie. I.<hij:h Portland Cenun: Comi any. 6 Jic a tt v-Jirsl L oiiijn's.<--Xahonal ^u tcty Council C. E. R ice, Chicago S:n'cty Council. __ D r. A. D. Kistf.en, The Travelers Insurance Company. John Roach, Chemical Section. C has. J. Ron. Newark Safety Council. T oiuas R oth, Rochester Satety Council. Iohn Russell, Ja.. Construction Section. G. E. SANioan. General Electric Company. H enry G. Sen ArrNF.a. Erie Safety Council. O tto S c h e n k . Wheeling Safety Council. R ouf.rt 1.. S chmitt, Metals Section. C iiaki.es .11. S cott, llureau of Safety. . _ . G en. Ioiin II. S hfriicrnf. Massachusetts Safety Council. Da. L. A. SnouuY, Ilcthlehcm Steel Company. E rnest L. S imonus, New Haven Safety Council. G force P. S inger, Reading-Perks County Safety Council. O liver T . S kellet, Safety Division, St. Paul Association. C harles F. S mith, Rubber Section. C. \V. S m ith , Standard Oil Company (Indiana). E. J. S mith. Power Press Section. H. S. S m ith , A S S E --Engineering Section. _ S clensten, Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers Section. E. C. S tring, Lansdale, Montgomery Co.. Pa. _ _ . _ G eorge R. S teph ens, The Saiety Bureau. Buffalo Chamber of Commerce. ETiir.Lnr.RT S tewart, Washington. D. C. C arl S tokck, Automotive & Machine Shop Section, l.i-cius S. S torks. United Railways & Electric Co. A lt:;:: II. S w ayne, General Motors Corporation. Ioiin H T aylor. Birmingham Saiety Council. H enry D. T eeft, Meat Packing. Tannine & Leather Industries Section. N orman E. T itus, Hudson County Safety Council. A rthur M. T ope, Consulting Marine Engineer. W. D. TrRP.r.viLLF., San Antonio Safety Council. W illiam F. Vr.r.cn, Rahway Saiety Council. V incent W akeitelp, Kansas City Safety Council. George II. W akit.l. Union Pacific Railroad Company. _ _ _ Dit C assius H . W atson, American 'i elcphone N- 1 eiegraph Compan>. H aMvY M. W eeuer, Illinois Bell Telephone^ Company. C ap.foi.i. V. W ells, Delivery. '1 axicab W Bus vcction. A luert C. W hite, J r., Springfield Safety Council. W. I.. W hite. J r., Cement Section. _ 5 1C W hiting, Liberty Mutual Insurance Compa.r.. ^ ^ A. H. W hitney, National Bureau of Casualty N su r e ty Underwriters. W . II. WlXANS, Union Carbide & Carbon Corporation. C. T . W inf.gar. Detroit Industrial Safety Council. D r. C.-E. A. W inslow, Yale Medical School. 1. M. W oi.tz. Youngstown S^icet & lu b e Company. < c t ii n 1! tl 01 _fii nc dc: tin. ivs Nc me; 1 Wei ren ano prc\ acci cxai lent: deal I motof pr dccrc. years e fleet safety to pc These accidt Sine best r,. made. 74 pe: 50 7 unity-first Conorrss--National Safety Council ; , , r " ? v-!' aml " ot I,y so' " c l-tiisiastic person who has not been trained for t..c uorK. W ny not use more registered nurses in the smaller plants? The registered nurse is nuicn better qualified to interpret a physician's plan of medical service than any lay attendant. M ud, depends upon the physical condition of the employees. I an, of the opinion that the physician by reason of his professional attainments, is best qualified to handle -omc ot the problem cases among employees. Mental symptoms, brought about bv "orr> oyer home affairs, quite often produce accidents. In manv cases the fear and worry ot sickness in the family can be greatly allayed by a talk with the doctor or ttie nurse Many ot these cases have coinc tinder my personal observation. It should also be absolutely the part of the physician to sav when a man shall return o his regular employment after injury, and this decision should not be inUucnccd m the slightest by its possible alTcct on any "no-lost time accident" contest or record. 1 Iicse contests are proper and have brought about outstanding results in the reduction of lost-time frequency figures. However, there have been cases of injured employees being urged unduly to return to some form of work mcrciv to prevent the marking up ot a lost-time accident. Nothing should be allowed to intcr.ere with the employee s wcliarc. The physician has everv motive to return the employee to his regular work as promptly as possible, but his higher dutv is to conserve both the physical and economic welfare of the employee as well as the employer. The safety director has need of the medical service, and the two should earncstlv co-operate and seek to bring about a mutual feeling among the employees. Both departments arc striving by all possible means to prevent economic waste char-cable to the disabilities and hazards of industry. TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 4, 1932 The delegates first attended an informal luncheon, and then gathered for the after noon meeting m a Joint Session will, the Metals Section. This session was devoted to a symposium oil the dust problem in Industry. Chairman Grecnburg immediately introduced the first speaker. " * ^ * * * ' ' . T he Effects of Inhaled M ineral D usts By L E R O Y U. G A R D N E R D irector, Saranac L a b o ra to ry for the S tu dy of T uberculosis, Saranac Lake, N. Y. As long ns men have worked in stone it has been appreciated that an imusunllv large proportion of them suffer from disease of the lungs. It was natural to assume that such disease would he caused by the dust generated, and this belief was strength ened by the discovery of black, grey or red pigments in the lungs, sometimes accom panied by tnc formation of scar tissue. The terin, pneumonokoniosis was introduced to describe the lung pigmented in this manner. With further observation pathologists attempted to classifv various forms oi pncumonoKoniosis on a basis of tile type of dust inhaled and such names as anthracosis, sidcrosis. chacicosis and even byssinosis and tobaccosis made their appear ance. It was recognized that some forms of the disease were attended by severe symptoms and result in death but there was no correlation between the clinical and pathological pictures ami the causative dust. Finally, statistical study demonstrated that ot all kinds of industrial dusts silica generally produced a definite type of disease with a characteristic pathological lesion and complex of symptoms. is i ha: ton 1 spr vid: her: tail: oi t che; ana beer qua: med: rcflc were quen in pi si lien tuber prodi Tb. cut a due p demoi progr. tuber, rated is lad Not faeilit arno.H native. comm. Wi thi- rer tic:;.,: ar.d 1 c.iiiJ h asbest... panic! tissue ( porting specific For has h r., nodule- drainage removal frame, of the . symptom excess: a trained lor lie registered service than 3 t!ie opinion itied to handle ight about by the fear and the doctor or atioa. r. a man shall uld not be in'dent" contest ittiR results in been eases of rk merely to wed to interto return the r duty is to . well as the hould earnestly .Joyces. Both i-te chargeable . for the aftcr.i was devoted rg immediately T- - d id-'*-* v : V J ic Lake, N. Y. it an unusually ..ural to assume : was strengthmetimes accom- vtmented in this various forms h names as a u le their appeariidcd by severe the clinical and "y demonstrated - type of disease Industrial j l raltl, Srrlion 51 iwsl a ls o CS ^ h IC''l,,W^ 1s'reovcr,'1V i l l i ! ,,lcl!r"onokomosi s wbicb toms dhr i " r r t0 " r <l,,CC a " 0thcr specific tv ,c of ren r ' r ^ nsbcStOS J u d'iie oti, >r f rosi'octs f! " ' silicosis reaction attended by symp- i p i l i i l f ^mm i|?g l!il!fis n te ? ft t as that oi pure silica. While there nr f tuberculous infection is not ns clear tic to a terminal tuberculosis, never holes, " m" Cr " Sf rc''orts of death in asbestos's natives V " 'C ' f ' 0 laborers of South Africa'is ** -K cia example, the pneumonia rate f TM T."X i S ? T ' ^ ' = 2 smiasismilmiismssiBiPB speeme .unctions. L L'M'U`SC > the more delicate cells specialicd'for arcnotnu-th-.......... , r' n . c C 'mC C' C,UlW"y arr,VCS U'i,Cn " ,C I,Cilrt ^Ist a'dca"h1 occurs * ~ taunted r ' ,'I" < perll''Ts other bacteria Kv.,Pr: th<- -ontnnied multiplication uuinted organisms of tin's tvpc will ,,ro i Lx Cn" ,cl,t l'"* shown that even at- S : 1 . j'Urthermore. inhaled' sldica dust ^ '*!*' l ^ ^ l s In a Hectic p r i i ? ir ir:,:i,is Ir cct ** * * - . A s so c ia i whh S arOrMimulatctl by , lle irritntinir ^ a!C<' a ' Vi-h ir z r z z TM * ^ '* * * * * - - d T `u w l o S ^ H v itv of the phaRoc'vte., i& V , t r crapid,yand ::;:;oved hy'p ^ S l * ' f i / I r ' S * 0ft;::^ - < - ' ' - e s 3 rS ; 7 i / aI Alumunnn oxide will serve admiml t particles are as hard and sharp n ` J r examp!e. oi a "n-siliceous dust whose duantitv ot such partieies I t - - S . c 01 crystalline si; ca \ \ u . . , _ ' ^ * .hr l : : " 1 fhincttr. ,, 5 i,, " " 'TM' O. the connective tissues. k concentra.,o,,s it will provoke an overgrowth Mention shouhl he made of ,he effect hreathe u, sufficient duantitics of this ,, n o r i ' l ' C nl ,iu,t- Most citv dwellers considerahle areas of their lunes. Deposits o J * "!\ !lVcrasc 1*>-.ic to piemenl he course ot the lymphatic drnina.ee svstem hut this", ttie or no new erow.h of connective tisse? T <'" - t ,lc ioimd lone is associate,! with hut m mos, ,,,stances it afso develops no deforT nn,,cr * >'" is much blacker occur analysis usually reveals a p p rS a W e amTM s ' T * ' "'I'TM Sllch - a c t io n d o " oi excess,vc quantities of carbon dust apparently i l i " " !hc hl,," `=- The presence irate amounts ot silica so that the latter is not d ' 1',f r!ct-'s the localization of mod- . ; ' , ' , : i ; | ! j I I I ' ferent fr excessive . pure silic variety b siliceous : Finally. slowly tit; to the rcl. Tut it is ; at least it hieh cone develop in Kcstion of : trations of This hrie attention t, to an nhai. of tiiat this: m the pure should be th The Dr Sanitary f- "i he spea.. CsTpacit V , chemical a, the (hist dr-. One of ;i 'lust inhahit: health haz..iiiatnine cm,, example, it such as pr,, "id; tuhr-rc;: . much less -1 true of ee, marble dust, little lime ,'v duartz com. readily. So far as for any K, . Parenchyma .. it is known ! h>` the hum.s'zc of the dt. M'ith refer, apparent th-,; greater tjuan', f the atmos;. Iii an attempt to heavier and miles; J and death occurs ^ i r e not altoeether acted by nodules of -ilty, the same must they remain in the -tore. Tiic silicotic '.lied multiplication hewn that even atulosis in a silicotic 'tinlatent tuher"essive and spread, '-ecu ascertained lint *aused by the toxic pnasrocytes which nitrate rapidly and tmc. transported very far ' es and little of it is `My initiated by the _ ' o' case of silica this 'n!cr transformed liceous dust whose When a measured 'J the ear vein of a i iicre they remain, 'me no reaciion of me quantity of the -car tissue that the tans are reduced to 'nits lor periods as 'h of the connective "V noduies. ^ th a t the cellular 'ss hut to chemical * ra(* top /iluhir'tv tn tiic tisoies otters -s this substance is ' ofcc an overgrowth Most city dwellers hfc-time to piitincnt will be found alone 'I is associated with ' tit; is much blacker such reaction does units. Hie presence caiizntioM of iikkI'** as *n pure silicosis is therefore <Iit- excessive, t h e 'eive'ct o f " t h e ' c o a J T ^ " '!"?/ ll,c amol,,,t " '-.aled silica is l>mc silicosis. There is said n i,,, K 'hdilc and the reaction approximates tint ;.., i .*? -- Hut i, is believed " ` " " ' ' '.' l silica in srauilc (25 to dO . U ,a f ,k"' St i,,I,ihit effects0' H l S ^ `t l i ^ T " ' ^ Rra" i,C " 'ay nciltrMi c 'o r MRh concentrations docs sieniheant rcartin, 01lly aft.cr prolonged exposures to ileselop ,,, {tunica piKS jn|,alinR pure m n rtz {0 '""' " *",e `-vp,cal sii'eotic nodules yestion 0, no-h.les have appear! in the - " yCar> " ot evcn *>>e earliest sue * ? " *> '"l" li"s " * * * utemion t0 (he limitaliims'of' our' p res e^iT k 'u o 'V T ,VC<T pnci'',1C)''^<><'iosis draws an m ialed (| , , t is d e t e r m i n e d ^ ' I " 1, ,hat ,hc a c t i o n at -Just. It emphasizes the ncl to 2 S , f P/ . ,aWy pI,ys,cal " 'Position l o l l I ">- !H1o 5taU' * nU<i in mm .' ^osiu r e d ,,e,oicm ,,h,,linoa,S, n S Tl o Sf l t S S S & s* ' SS ,CrCn- tyPCS f ,i,,st b'>> The D ust C ontent of ` h ^ A tm o ^ h e r e in Various Dust^T B y J- J. B L O O M F IE L D r puMich"""s,"ie'-w"-- - lio d,,s, dispersed in the atmosphere. ' C S,Ze` aml ''> the quantity of dii t'"- .OI ,l'c '""standiiii; results of the last m - N inialat'nn ,s , llc demonstration of ,|,c fact hat hazards associated will, ,|,c ,,halation `r ' r " Cnrch Uk' " e,(! i Kcn<:ral- the i^ree oi "?"S r . ' ' llijrosls v.ithout notable tciuloncv lou-ml f " * l,t(- pro-iuction oi' rne o, cement dust. And fmaile. there arc m S" JSC,|,!C,K tulHirculosis: this is s . -- ....... : m my yh-m \t"a,! '> >mm I m y . t .. ... ......... ............ - r i s , rsL Ss* j ' s s h ; i J> " '' TM i . h a ,, , Jcr * S S 'S U S Z ,crari " - ^ 'U S S S Z S . 1` f r i l l y , first Congress X atontil Safety Council latter item lienee tne need lor the evaluation of the r e <a"K^r diflercnt environments. There is obvious. ` a,," p> the quant,ty of dust in the industrial atmos- ii:c ^ S^ ; ir p r " h ! ^ ! : ,C" ;i^ ; ti ^ il^ I iaI dust in!'aIf s indicated that so far as croups: m . L c as rure asbestos: 12) *,W*,tS T * * dlVidcd yr , ^ ,ha.t . silicates, sueh quartz, (pranite contains npproxinntefv >5 .,''r 'Cn t" V C cr-vsta,lme lorm known as ta miner free silica in a nnn-Vrw h,c 0rm h as ^ , q m r t z ) : and (3) dust c n ' ::M > " found that the hartnf lness of a V dlatm" TM s earth. In general, rror.nrtion to its quartz eonlcnt S r ,|d rea' COntail' i" ^ * in direct uarmnihiess of n dust, it is of the utmost i ," ' attcniI>t,nA to evaluate the era-.-.pjcai composition. mportancc to ascertain its exact min- a1 co?chura;cI^ ^ * * * - ...missis. By no other method have we found 't " C'Cmical and petrographic <: b 'uam present in a given sample In rer* ' r ? SS' Wc t0 determine the amount de.ab: ns with a mixture of " anz a '.d pure p otart S'!ch aS " hc" "* - ;ir.et thne amount of quartz' present in snurchh^du*st T " ', '*f 1`'5S pPo0SSSs,il,Ice t0 *det eterr-l . However, most dusts which r o n " o n,.crc,-v by n chcmical rmnlvsis. T a ;:e pranite for example. The average p r 'TM ;/TM ,,,,x t" rcs of quartz: and silicates, erais m about the followinp .im portions- f r i d s n a r " P C " Cny f " ,rcc mi'n - TM d 'mCa b Per cent. Chemical analvsis shows tlmt hit n v e n '1" * ^ PCr Cent' ' ( er cent of sthca. Of ids ;n per' m u an 1 c ase Fran'tc contains ;n :ca) and the other -M prr cent is present' i' f " T-'* ? ,.',r.csc" t as 'ltmrtz (free 'evation with the other minerals that 1 t l " ' d 'incd silica, in chemical com- tkese proportions onlv with the aid of tlw petm ' '.f ,s pnssib,c to determine V.V f,,-d in nnr,i/-rt ,ilc I'drogrnpiuc microscope ? h r c a t iW ic l" l ^ S l'l T * at the cZ determinations. Table 1 presents the uuatz moustrics which we have studied. ' 7 ' 'fCm,Cil1 and "'incralopical tcnt ' ` " sls phu>mcd in various TABLE 1 . ^ Percentage of Quartz Present in Various Industrial Dusts Kind of Dust --------------- ;----- ------------------------------------------------- ----------------- Koch drilling dust (bituminous coal mine) Gr.iiijte ch:st. Percentape of Quartz ' r ~ ------------ ^-0 Kc-.-h unllinp dust (anthracite coal mine i ......................... iirass immdry du st........................... .............. ` `-u p u 5. in,m raw mills in cement plant.............. .......... *?'. - ;|itc null dust (Vermont red s l a t e ) . . . " .......... ,'" ` Silverware polishing dust........................ ................................ _ Anthtacitc coal d u st........ ......................................................... *' Bituminous coal d u st................ ............................................... I-a Cement dust ........................ ........................................... I - Slatc mil! dust' (Vermont er^cu 's h n t i .......................................... Talc mill dust....................... ' * ' ................................ 10 trace ________Marble cutting d u st........ ........................................................... noile . I: is evident from this table that rod.- ,bdita^ I :-------------------- ----- industry and certain occupations j,, the pranite rir,,-0CCUpn|ll0nS ll,c conl " '"tins dnes wouhl he in the hazardous class a s 'j u d - c d bv^the n f 0 ' a" d !)r;`SS foun- thc atmospheric dust. ' *" - t" c Proportions ot quartz in It ha microns larper preater lower si trate to oursclvc: mension. In orci access tc in the d may be c iustrumci phcric du slip may In auotln lion; the means of measurem may be p: curve is e. As poir. atmosphere tne injury From th C|uantitativ< size ranpc requirinp c will dcpenc the refracti observer. ' industrial h the dust coi and certain Tin's diflere: onc-!:.J; an< such normal munition the So far as by tiie Sout: dimension art size limit of ; who examine silicotic luup, and about 30 majority of tl 1 be median s in comparing tides measure mills, found a by Navropord. In conncctio nificanrc the i or indirect of ...I ; this latter item nt environments, dustrial atmos- d that so tar as divided into three is silicates, such. form known as id (3) dust conirth. In general, .list is in direct to evaluate the .u its exact min- act mineralogies'! and petrographic 'tir.e the amount i as when one is possible to deter ucmical anaiysis. : irtz and silicates, ily of three minu'.rtz 30 per cent. granite contains ' as quartz (free chemical cornable to determine ' uosphcrc at the aid ir.incraiogical .lined in various t-'UStS J"Vitage of Ouartz --------------- ' 54.0 35.2 31.0 19.0 6.5 3.0 1.7 1.5 \2 1.0 trace none none the coal mining ...1 in brass foun:ons of quartz in f Industrial Health Section 5 It has been demonstrated that particles of dust of a size greater than 10 to 12 microns m longest dimension are very seldom found in the lungs. This absence of arger particles is partly due to the fact that the numbers of such particles greater than ten microns in size present in industrial air is. as compared with the ower sizes, comparatively small; furthermore, these larger particles do not pene trate to the terminal portions of the respiratory tract. Hence we need only concern memsionS * ' SC duSt particlcs that are Icss than ten microns in longest di in order to ascertain whether or not an industrial dust is capable uf gaining access to the lungs, it is necessary to know something of the size of the particlcs m the dust under consideration. In practice the samples for particle size studies may oc obtained by the use of the Owens jet dust counter. The advantage of this ms rument o \c r other devices is that the Owens apparatus projects the atmos pheric dust m unaltered condition directly on a microscope cover-slip. This cover s ip may then be properly mounted and examined by any one of several methods. In another method a microphotograph of the dust is made at a high magnifica tion. the particles revealed on an enlarged print or screen may be measured bv means ot a millimeter scale. X'o matter which method one uses for particle-siz'e measurements the results may be treated in the customarv manner. Tlic-particles may be grouped in classes according to size, from which a percentage distribution curve is easily obtained. As pointed out earlier, a knowledge of the quantitv of dust dispersed in the atmosphere is very important, since with any given dust the rate of production of ttie injury will be dependent upon the total quantity inhaled. From the practical hygienic viewpoint, the particle count is at present the best quantitative index ot the degree of atmospheric pollution. The decision as to th- size range ot the particles which should he included in the dust count is a question requiring carelul consideration Obviously the size of the smallest visible particle .4f wnl ccpend on the magnification and type of Humiliation used in the microscop- thc retractive properties of the dust and to some extent on the visual acuity of the observer \ \ c .mist bear in mind that our chief interest in this problem is in th- mdustri.ol hygienic aspect. Primarily we are Interested in differentiating between die dust content m the ordinary normal atmospheres, not yet known to be harmful and certain industrial dusts which are known to be associated with lung damage! I his (liiiercnce is sharply marked so far as the dust particles between approximately one-halt and ten microns in diameter arc concerned; but the difference between such normal and abnormal air is masked and lost when we include in our deter mination the particles of ultra-microscopic size which are present in vast numbers in all air. bo tar as the upper limit of particle size is concerned it has been demonstrated by lnc_ South A m e a n studies that particlcs greater titan ten microns in longest cimeiision arc, ns a rule, ot negligible importance. The data concerning the lower size limit ot potentially hazardous dust is net so conclusive. Mcir of South Africa who examined microscopically 120 dust particles obtained from two specimens of silicotic lung, liutnd that only 13 per cent of the particles were less than 0.5 microns and about 36 per cent ot the particles were less than one micron in diameter The majority ot the particles. GO per cent, were between one and three microns in size I n c median size ot tne dust was found to he 1.2 microns in diameter. Drinker m comparing the size frequency of the particles measured by Moir with the nar- tic cs measured by him of the dust found in the sputum oi men employed in ore nulis. t e n d a close correspondence. These findings have also been corroborated by Navroqordnto. u In connection with the lower limit of particle size of dust of pathological sigmficancc the tol owing pertinent question arises: Aside from the evidence direct or muircct or the non-retention of minute particles oi dust by the lungs, what 56 I 'i'cnty.jrst Coiii/rcss Xatwinil Safely Council A c ,, g t D ,, ,, C o m ,, in c ,, tain D w y I f i t o Industry and Occupation -71. T ...... ialc Mining and Milling; Dust exposure in millions Average per cent of ' of particles (juartzin percubic toot _ dust Jack-hammer drillers Packers .......................... -Muckers .................... 2,1 (if) 50 Xone None Xone csit-a, t,ic Fr *in'i-sThi"nKg'n Mialmlsl;o-iiticr'i.i*,;;;.................................... 4Id5 d o o rm en ................ Xone None Loaders .............. 1.508 3 Oise crusher operators 1.2/d 3 Wuartr. Grinding P lan t: ............ * ................................... 312 3 Mill operators . 99 Laborers ... 175 99 Packers ............ ' ' ' ' .......................................................... 85 99 Granite Quarrying ami Finishing ........................................ 55 99 ' Leyner drillers ' 35 Jack-hammer d r i l l e r s ....................................................... Id4 35 Hand pneumatic tool finishers....................................... 112 35 . Maemne pneumatic tool finishers ....................................... Plug drillers ............................................... 59 35 35 5d Attendant labor (indoors)....................................................... 37 55 Anthracite Coal Mining; ............................................. 17 55 , Miners and helpers ............... 1.5 * Attendant labor .......... .................................................. 232 1.5 ' Pituniimvus CoalMining;............................................................ 31 1.5 t o a l cutter? and loaders___ 1.3 ' Attendant labor .. 112 1.5 Marble Cutters ....... 4 J 7 Cotton (..loth Manufacturing; ...................................... 33 Carders ................ ' ' Weavers and spinners. .......................................... 0 C'dverware Manufacturing: a Musty trade ............ Ann-dusty trades ............. a None .Your .\fno Xone 1.7 .7 1.7 * . C u "-rc JipprcciaMc pc fragment into those minute sizes less answer to. tins p e s tim i would he th.m 1.5 luiorous -- ever fortunately see have hut scant published "i sudi du measure !,,d,,striaI citaidishmems. In York Ci nth the dust study of . . . i!-v' H e reported 'the" ffiinnddiinnggss oo'nii'*tthhrre`ec*"'sam ,l!;inI ro<* suuci, was less than 1 micron in size to varv r" 'h,ch of dusts drilling'`fij' s,ww ' the dust - ' - t in . h e s e d ^ r ^ a i U " , ' .* l? ^ Mos, of the aui.ain. in studying the dust hazard animm a n d s t X " " a,'ul 5 I11,crons in size, traha measured some 16,000 particles of dn<7 ' 1c ' vorkcrs in Svdnev .\,,s- r e . c ,, , ,,, CIC ,, ,, 7 7 ' " . : ' a" : : : t ,* 5 i a particle size stud; madt speal Only than I am IV. ccmtr bctivi limit metili of di high finds Heal; being Dm bazar suran indust mines. indust grindii tries ! most 1 Si it V M l ti.ll* r u .irc :*rd. load, p, li'.eir r know;; The loss I Juliai dolla izatie Mi cotup ing t other again has g It pay n Average Percent of fl>Mrtz in (Just Xonc Vone Vone -Vone V'onc 3 3 3 99 99 99 99 33 35 35 35 35 35 55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 Vone Vone Vone Vone 1.7 1.7 1.7 '*1 dusts ever T,? T,ic best :fn (lust. L'nicnc.v of dusts ' Particle .size :1,"Ur iu \ cu, ,vvc<! the dust Most of the crons in size. Sydney, Auscs and found Particle size methods have h.n r co"unted mav well he tnl-f , sfn(lpomt the lower of ' - air " *"> f ir the purpose o f ' \ u " ` micTM - Many bicli or low dust eon ` My `bat for the purpose of ^ ni,mncr. tne quantity "'ids universal h vor '.'|l!tra `l0"s. the fircenhurtr-Smith i,,,!'* 111 either Health Service i, , -"S ' " slri""c.it has been used I v , 7 1 ' TM now beinc used bv other work- US. <,",st itl,i,ii;s thirin- the past n iiw " "0' S `'1U' S P " blic * 7 * `be M n ? nr % n X V - t d T thiS - - ^ - 1 a h ^ arS Md is aI- f ** cl- r ly sh - 2 industries O ht ? T 't '-'"'"'liner pi n t l l in a fw of * * 5 " ' ,OS,,re ' v;is ^ the talc Brindin"; ,, , ? ^ c*^i f T o f i2rt. **?* * i tries listed in Table ? r * 1 ants> as compared with the du-t 01 t,lc 9cartz - ft miCal and Statistical A spects of Silicosis S' a l b e r t E. RU SSELL. M. D F A ~ p S"re'" ' " s- p">"` H-.,,,, SurBeon - 's B ......c . their ahsorntiiri t i " to he c l , ; . , i n a Ti,.. " " 1'*' d ' e rise to t n v n i o rK ^ ^ * ...............V E c--o--n-o--m ic aAssppeecctts cof Silicosis .. .' clciuuns, juen as 1,,is of life (IucMo'd e m m o t'^ '? ^ ,^ '1 ' h sii,V," i' < trememl..us Jolinnnesiuirir *sopiIi \ f ^ n<*l,M:airIy im.'.-tsurcW. In .i!t. toiiars i,J M o n izntion nnrl l * <-,)i|cnsation alone T l ^ % ` -yi.......... s`M cn::' ':!'! L u "in ........ muii**n M in in A u M r a r a i f ^ ^ i ^ Y ^ " - ^ * C t ' i s S f s r s r * 1kmw.f->* !?z t ,, i,0i!,itaI* ' I. aii.niian u n ! iii" tlicin with the imputent. tivc figures can be ^ \ t only be st tubed members of the lepartmeiit. Tiiey ' The costs should between companies. by including such >- salary. It should to explain all the ey, Newark Mate Compensation ..Is cnnncciion. He ney payments made .-e percentages. as ie. the nest ligures Hows : - c but it rci|uires Jy about personal rration. thl be sc little Co ) couhl not exist, md revert to the .1 of luip. dry" pre. Safety I'.ugiucer. g playlet depicting n of an itt.iustrial characters." were >>e Rubber Section T ] V E N T Y - /' 1 R S T A N A U A L S A E E T Y C O N G R E S S N A T I 0 N A L S A EET Y COUNCIL Safety Section, A.R.A.-Steam Railroad Section, N.S.C. Section Officers 1931-32 Chairman--C. 'i . B aii.ky, Chief Safety Agent, Ore.eou Short I.inc Railroad. First I ice-Chairman--C. E. H ii.l, General Sat'c'ty Agent, New York Central Lines. Second Vicc-ChaWman--C. L. L aFountaixe, General Safety Supervisor, Great Northern Railway. * Secretary--J. C. Cavisto.W ( X O T F : The fallo-i Via paries contain a condensed abstract of the records of the sessions of the Safety Section, / I R A -- Steam Railroad Section, ,\'SC , as published in full by the American Raiheay Association in a booklet entitled, "Proceedings of the v 12th Annual Meetinn of the Safety Section, ll'ashinatou, D. C., October 4 to 6, 1932.") TUESDAY MORNING SESSION October 4. 1932 _ 1he sessions of the Satetv Section. American Railway Association--Steam Railroad Section, National Safety Council, convened in the Hotel W ashington with Chairman . C. I . Hailey. Chief Salcty Actcnt. Oregon Short Line Railroad. Salt Lake City, Utah, ; prcsidinc. The invocation was given by L. G. Bentley. Chesapeake sV <>hio Railway. * R eport of C om m ittee on R elations w ith N ational Safety j C o u n cil ! ' By RO B ERT SCOTT Director, Insurance and Safety, Atlantic Coast Line Railroad , Mr. Scott said in pari : Your committee finds pleasure in reporting that much : satisfactory progress has been made in the direction of co-ordinating the work of r both sections with the view of avoiding duplication of effort and expense and to the end that the cause of safety might be advanced. : The first annual meeting of the Steam Railroad Section, National Safety Council, ' was held in Philadelphia in October, 1915, while the Safety Section of the American . Railway Association held its first special session in Boston in September, 1921. Both . of these sections have been functioning properly and well ever since they came into ; existence, and have'been a powerful force in the reduction of avoidable accidents. ; On September 2, 1931, a meeting was held in Chicago at which there were present 'i members of the committee on- relations and officers of both sections. At this meeting | 405 412 T Kvnty-first Comircss--National Safely Council a n ( i d a K c a u sr . h 4raStically to restrict all expenditures, storm which lias ra"cd around ns' C| SI.0I\ a 'Pt U,f ,1af 1<s and shoulders bowed to the Safetv Section have' c V l 7 - ~ <,ur'"-".a " `I* stress, you gentlemen of the shock troops have been sunuo tin r f J?lct-V. :,,ul safct>' first flying. and your While there have been l e t - ? nd\-r r !" an'1 " 'Cre has bcc" 110 -ip. safety movement, even with lo u r depleted foreTM *' ' ^ haS bCC11 n in this our cars'*from "i" " l " ' 7 * ? " * hy W - * own to for safety. I scc ^ H t '4 L i m'5",' ' - 7 ' ,l,Ves, 1,avc '>ocu ?`>ared the drive back our shoulders. I see \ l'arcr *llcac 'll,d as we hit our heads and throw slope stretching awav to the" "ret-n'mea'!"0'1' 7 I? llcr l,alll' va.v with more moderate the warm ravs of the c c o n m i l V 7 t ' ' 1' V K stori" d o . . * are breaking, are nearing their end *'"'C gra`l,,al!y com,n~ thro,,dl ^ <>t a"d despair - TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 4, 1932 Report of Committee on Prevention of H ighw ay C r o s s in Accidents b By H. A. ROW E Manager. Claims Department Delaware. Lackawanna & W estern Railroad. D ew York City a l of,'^ (i 7 c ^ C^ ; '.,n'" " 1iS , ^ 7 " ratifled " he n.,lc to announce more killetl ib;m in 10" when ili m ,- f i when n ...ote t ihatr *mot *or vehicle f-o f ,' " ' ' * K ' rrcr(l beiinr but one u^'-duttmu r.m be better grasped 11676 but in 1931 there was an increase"* I S ^ l ^ d n t h s ' I . r ' u ^ r tins same 10-year period there was an increase of but one death ,`92f, "'-CrC A very important feature of the committee work has bleu 'll, ` a`` ,Cra' S"'CS- ssrjflS ^ s K A 'iS !'? T '-1r ' r r ^ regular p eters initiated for this special uupaisn and'othce ihemiure P,'U,Ci`y- c a m ,lu ll '7 5" I - " respects the National Safetv Codicil has , ] , o ,, , A " ` -r: n,ld ln " 'an.v h e r prevention of crossing accidents " CCp ,mcrc5t cooperating in the c TM m ; ; ; r i^ ; ; . r c m : : K ! . s oL i o S : d i r r * ? * ^ offcrTM b>- * tivelv. 30 Councils reach SOR.OdO school children throw "h U J i ^ ' C unClb pC.?"CC` safety representatives, cooperating with such local Councils' l a l 7 ' ' t i Rallroad tunny of extending the gospel of careful crossing over lailroads Tl" V PP 7 hold vast munhers ot other meetings and should be regarded as'fcr'tile soil. C lmC1 S t. i.;p . be the raih proa sur\ .Ot CCjit bet,.. drivs drive. It prop,. ade,/i: of n.,: by a, A. R Ththe r.a had kinds i that been bazar, I w worl 1 kin... man.-:: Y< . pioye, very . e.xpen for t;. safety wc d tile rail,-. .. f ho; The police lew r,- :v/V dual io Railroad years of railroad .oil to safety into is inherently sate as convinced him self does not need mnistic and who is ranine service are dd say th.eir home work any mental : their duties, and not become easily to face any sittia > per cent of Hite hers but that they problem we have, anythin;: occurring km", employees of -ate and the things 'ti with all. Their They seem to get Iplcss. nt efforts o; those afety campaigner vork, to constantly practices. Titese the unsafe, n-d as the fatalists idem all to itself, ;y. intensive and >ff tiiat any large ^ censored myself ' type, because in in the service, due rse about this type i to the possibility eristics. Generally ti.outthts are alone ' inl individual, with his private habits any response from elor.es. bis family, reach him through the success of these supervising officer safety to his gang, -If. / 0 Suhou, A.h.A. steam Railroad Section, R.S.C. 41" W EDNESDAY MORNING SESSION October 5, 1932 Report of Committee on Train Service Accidents By D. G. P H I L L I P S The s , , . SUPCn'ntCndcnt f Safety. T h e W a b a sh R ailway 'ons injured. a c c o r d i i V ^ ^ e i m m 'V T h r- V ^ 1' Ut - 5'09!) and 35.656 per- thesc latalitics and 1SS49 of the n-r 1 crst,ntc Commerce Commission, 4 6 ' 4 0 f XVi*iJe it is true that a l a U , ' 1S occurred in train service accidents accidents and to trespassers'! it is a C m r e t h i r `f r $ .oc,ctJrr^fJ w ad e crossing on duty occurred in what is known as t r a i , r ^ ' ? ` lc Iaialitics to employees !h c S n :1r ci,rrcd service accidents is ProhahlyL-msh.'or1, ^ and a,)om tl,iU thc "revention of train 3 U n d h r i S d ' i . r '"; r a ' ,roa`!s - conccrncd,J,eni - *** were killed and .394 persons i n j " P r locomotiv " in 1931 12 persons oO persons were killed and 604 i n j L i C S ^ ,I,C ycar 1M0- ^>cn of 60 per cent m the immher of fatalities ami Z , ! ' lh.crc,orc' sl|ows a decrease injuries: and these mav he compared fiiriher >l-r LClU the number of persona! 'i s : .r d ' TM r Z45 *-" u d ^ : ; s d,c ^ I'TM'""* stepping in between' is ,l" c " > cn.,.lnvs niadt. todeterm ine if the knuckle Ins fi,IK- n " "I- " U'" ,',' ll|,|,n' '* about to be hcl,,inn or to adjust the coupling or ,,,,couplum r h b , 1 of cotiplcrs. between the couplers; or perhaps <b In H ,h? n :'s,llt " 'at they are camdit T let. and are thus run over In- the car O u r ''! " 1' jicrforming this Practice is lor each ami every railroad to moke " '0 - ' r Corri'0,inir dangerous emidoyces iron, going hetwe'en moving c a r s ' h a ' -- ;'r ?tr';::zz: - a"'1 rule prohihiting fo! ! v E aml 175 inaVlV -V.'. I0;11' U 'K,rso"s Ute number of U X L T d e S The increase of Sd"percent o' - per cent in the mimher of injuries T thc rccor(l s'"w s a decrease onilor tins head is due to their failure to motect't'h ' c,,,l,lo-v<* injuries m^arcordanee with the rules. themschcs by performing this work ful! and complete enioreemeiit of 'the'bilie s'i.!'nai ' T railroads. Railr,..lfl managements shouhl I r ",V as efficient as posssilll, , , 10 l^ c t Z Z ^ so as to make sure that it is in a location',, |, sign.tl to warn train, engine and vard-m m Z n ) J-'inc is con,,led onto cars .and irai,mm, -.r , Mina! proter,ion, they should not peril,k Z J Z T "T " :iro 0l"P>oyed rests in a i? `liuto uniform ,,.i all Z si* " aI "> a < <o make it 'e Pricing ,,f t|,e |,|uc sicMa, 5t'rVP ,llc ' 'c"t PurPosc as a Uy XVhrrr <- Z " ' ls w" rii ............ blue. tbe e U i e nlli a ^ ' L n a ' s ' a s lo he' f ^ l y ' ' ^ f y i n g t o * . -r t"s T f - s r j . . . ........ .... ~ Hat in the yards from i'.50'J to J \d i our 38 main lout one dollar's damage > only to my mind, lias "corning railroads of doubt--public tiicr industry can wement lias been to invite lawyer?, ` of life to attend ve bad tbose men ' ere doing in on generally in a -au of Safety, m m issio n accident invostigammission. Hmv- rlookcd and which not only to the hate cause of an him develop the entlv occurs, and *.ea of impressing ecurrcncc of acci- -.arcidcnts. however ^y competent in- -'f a similar charfor the principal what disciplinary There the matter important side of t view to protitinq; iic right direction. ;"cd is on the job i- General officers. Federal Cominis-ncss of what has lv arc learned that 'cqucncc so far as is no commotion although the small an accident should >f so-called major - -i-R-A. Steam Railroad Section, N.S.C. -423 and painstaking hivestigaiio" 0 Iju^ i/ic1*.. tl'l" C, di nif-v minor accidents hv careful are investigated carcfuilv and with Mtr/"*"''*1' ! an>' s,ldl nre i'mciu is that if t'-cv " d l not be very many to investigate 4, i' *' ` ` so " "'ill come when there major accident* will decrease ^ ' n may rCSt ass,,re(I Hint the occurrcnie ,nrc. al! employes involved are available' f'" ^ tl0 `llC millor accidents. Further- disastrous accident important witne' es r'' whereas in the more . Railroad casualties have been derre-,<lr'C 0ftfen pcrm:lnc"tly silent. -mK'-liale trend is I caimot TM ^ o u , U just what the nor'-, ,COnl" n,c to decrease, hut o n l v ' b rCSt assured- however, that I ort.ince tlicv deserve A tn * *l accidents arc treated with thr* * Ti,- ,,,,e Ili.mani,a, l,,, , 7 -; 1~j ' " ;,r .llC *.""z>"I ""M ow ed bv ll.c " " S ,, ,, f ' . : ~ r ii develop" ami''!,"' .0" " ; * 7 * ' i t a I w i " ' U a n ,,,, -- W EDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 5, 1932 ' Value of "Safe Practices" Committees By F. HARTENSTIEN T. i i : ; r ; : , T M" * ecr- Loh,e" r * -> .lie railroads it becomes natural f o r " , hc '-mlicr of casualties .onshVrh . " rcvc,,t "Petition'. Af e a c r e i u l ' T ? if " S?II,,C `M 4V aciin-s. it annrar's. in i, , = U: l* sc si*ni roads -nre >faict.v organization t\khat is .'.(lhani'flani,il,p7 'ocnr rs,, ,10. hI? 111 order to ni;.Ice a *rlnn',. ;,, t arc dependable s a w V 'r/-or'- ' , IOr ii is - .... S V * ssa I,l'r."05c ""--ring careful t - p | . v- ] n.a o n ly oi personal injuries on the 'a il n c /l Cm:,,n-Vci's <>m the causes 0 f the mid their discontnmance will he n ll r r? . ' a r o . ' r ''"i nnncccssarilv takin- clnn.es ^ ^ <iccidcd to chai'ee the* n* reporting any ,,,,safe condition's ohseru-d o n ' w d ' " ^ -""erMoo,! that continued, hut a careful analvsi, of the r L n U e " ' * .,,n ,,'lT,-v not I,- ,i;, oi our .,,Junes 0Cc,,r from defects and , suggested should direct the at.cmi'm oi thnl a vcr.v small Percentage MR,b ' ci'"(li"'ons. and ;|,e ^ or .he majority of railroad accidents. an,J 01,'l>,o.'-s to ,he real reason 428 Twenty-first Congress-N ational Safety Council L :;'c: , c n,mir ' r d ir -- to * ^ 0f encinc requiring getting out on .hV r u n ' S i J r 1 t o ^ ' h f " ,he 16 dC,CrrCU- " 1C " op between s t a ti c ,^ t r S t fc ^ THURSDAY MORNING SESSION October 6, 1932 Pow er Apparatus in M aintenance of W ay W ork By LEM ADAMS Engineer, Maintenance of W ay, Union Pacific System . i f f ;v TM = r i f f .T . Men in hU , rcp!,Iatlons t0 satci.ard their movements. ipi l lilii lsI Ss fsf ill ZSStirA JS or I.rll,",i',"! e ! , i , r " "" " * ,,, { ** w * * i" . rail re,,,,val go hand in hand * " `Cn" S ` emc,cnc>- l0r saict-'' a " J efficiency usually tyiKs of power equipment employed" in ' Var ! ous rM r ,> S m nie, & . 1! TM savers. Some tools in this class ;irc lhc p c w ,r , aw lhc sand H * ' , . ^ f many ''rnhers*--hi'i '"iViiciiMicv^nf^^ j'*5'"^rilj^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ' v o r h , a^id proper care the ,,art of the operators they ca/, he` h a . S s a " **' :i" ' 1 w!,h Planning for Safety in Track Construction By FRANK R. BRADFORD Tl hhce sDpeia7kCert0rsaid! iSnlfCnatyn** K\frvC ^P11rCV C,*n.tio1 n- Boston & Main Railroad illustrating one of the modern methods of m a n T u c ^ r a il 'V 0 f , U a !'icU,rc which is notable in mnnv respect is tin . m .trt * - \ r.c!10ua`* J he operation, lished methods of rail Renewal were n o ' lo n g e r " ',Ktifid iron,``u* ,hC !<1 .estal" c;non,y. advantage of the operating department, or safety to h f n S S S 2 . m an in th*: wa for 11ii: the me the wit is t per of wor tem mai *3 and ccoi per pan sam k lene pla? pom in^ men dur. feet rail mil, pros pas, dent Vdun* and the ci fit. to Hi cauf situ. 1*\ spe the;, proj. the . tiles* part It. iii S' :,*( 434 an> fin Cm'lTM -V * i:o ,Ul Sofdy Council Tirnx-j S % >- Dq.nrV,,,cm J o ', ; , r 1 " a ' K " ' " " ' ' f i!lc death rif r ^ 5 5 1 r 'J i i J j ' - * tnaki,,K the U ^ sln ^ ^ o n ^ X ? " 110'1 cffor,s " f a >'; D , ^ " ''rcss Session successful The report of the t 7 ^ ^ lJ m lTM tine CTM mittce "as made In- J j , ,1! eni " i l? canva5s l the election of off - the elect;,,, ns f o l i o s ;t a ' Cy' En'C R ailroa`l. and nunou11c a ^ ,, X v ^ \ In cS S T X * '* s E. Gciln, , ifch. " ' ; * r J r -O i n!n M>, _ c I u r W V u ' Vork' C',Cr:" SafCty S "I - W . Great `N M c m 'VwtCr'n Ra" ~ H ' A - Pan'Sh- A ss" `a" ` <0 General Manager, Chicago - RaWilro"ad--,Xwr e\S -r>U F ' Martcnstein, AssifstnainrtCCtot'0^ for1 ',J'e JF-nnM-1r|ng v^ e a r: " " t e r n Railroad. ' 0' M an aser' C,a!'"* D epart,neni. % , * l Z T ? V '"'"'1' VaHey Avre F ,l!l!nil(i w ^ Iratv n .tn a and t ; J :;" TM ;: m -c t "'- A" " TM mTM , . Lute Railroad. ' Scott- S e c to r Insurance & S an t n Gann,tin,, Territory.-- \ Q ,, . r . c * Sa,ct>. A tlan fc Coast y jj; r Supervisor. Safelv c. 1 C hairm an: F GC. ' rFvv-.,,..,.c. ""?c r TM am * A niii.aimn for tin- 1Trevvoemm,oionn-. JVDnenvveer r && KF>>|0|0 Gpr'a' n" d,e'XCnv4 ; - ^fetv. J F*'' WW'- CClIurrtt'i5s-. fit t """ ehairman. Charles F .' n ;n 'C T 5'" 5" " 'cri' `'evoted to the intro I f ,hC ^ " the rhJnU ^hf W JO rxx.VF.XT * t J General Chain. V Mass. j ^ ,cc~Chairman- j1 Secretary ami a AV'oolen (.. Chairman Pubi J i A. Hale, , t i Chairman ,1/ri; i. ^'orccster. Chairman P 0y Chairman S ta !: R. I. ' Chairman En.y lord, Conn M embers at A rthur R. R usskll 'i ton, M-. AI. TFR i ; Mass. J ohn- h . S-. P aul \V. \ The opening . " ith Genera! ( PaJ>y. Boston, ta ofneers and st; :