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584 HEINZ SPECHT and it follows that the density is changed accordingly. This means th__ ascertain the weight of the gas lying above, at any level, we must add^M weights of a series of units of gas each a little lighter than the unit below it| rate of decrease in weight of these units can be roughly described as logaritfij and this determines the shape of the curve drawn through the atmosp pressure values at different altitudes. Figure Is shows this relation whe.|| proper corrections are included for the known average temperature of thevan the various altitudes and for other factors of real but minor importance, jj From Figure 1 it can be seen that the atmospheric pressure is reduce| one half at about 17,500 feet, to one quarter at about 33,500 feet, and Actually some 99 per cent of the atmosphere is contained in the lower 18 tovoj TABLE 1 Altitude-Pressure-Temperature Table for 500-Feet Intervals Ranging from -1000 to 80,000'g^ Altitude, (t. -1,000 -500 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 6.600 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000 10,500 11,000 11,500 12,000 12,500 Pressure in. Hg mm. Hg Tempera* lure, C. Mean tempera* ture, 8C. Altitude, ft. Pressure in. Hg mm. Hg jr'iiS Tempera*, ture, C. MertnjBjfflj tempeca%nft turefliQMgB 31.02 30.47 29.921 29.38 28.86 28.33 27J52 27.31 26.81 26.32 25.84 25.36 24.89 24.43 23.98 23.53 23.09 22.65 22.22 21.80 21.38 20.98 20.58 20.18 19.79 19.40 19.03 .18,65 787.9 17.0 16.0 15,600 16.54 420.2 773.8 16.0 15.5 16,000 16.21 411.8 16,500 15.89 403.5 760.0 15.0 15.0 17,000 15.56 395.3 746.4 14.0 14.5 17,600 15.25 387.3 732.9 13.0 14.0 18,000 14.04 379.4 719.7 12.0 13.5 18,500 14.63 371.7 706.6 693.8 11.0 10.0 13.0 19,000 14.33 364.0 1275" 19,500 -I-4-O4-- -35675 681.1 9.1 12.0 668.6 8.1 11.6 20,000 13.75 349.1 656.3 7.1 11.0 20,500 13.46 341.9 644.2 6.1 10.5 21,000 13.18 334.7 21,500 12.90 327.7 632.3 5.1 10.0 22,000 12.63 320.8 620.6 609.0 4.1 9.5 22,500 12.36 314.1 3.1 9.0 23,000 12.10 307.4 597.6 586.4 2.1 8.5 23,,500 11.84 300.9 1.1 8.0 24,000 11.59 294.4 575.3 0.1 7.6 24,500 11.34 288.1 564.4 -0.8 7.0 553.7 -1.8 6.5 25,000 11.10 281.9 643.2 -2.8 6.0 25,500 10.86 275.8 532.8 -3.8 5.5 26,000 10.62 269.8 ------- - .. ________ ......... ...... -26,600- -10.39_ -263-9__ 522.6 -4.8 5.0 27,000 10.16 258; 1 512.5 -5.8 4.5 27,500 9.94 252.5 502.6 -6.8 4.0 28,000 9.72 246.9 492.8 -7.8 3.5 28,500 9.50 241.4 483.3 -8.8 2.9 29,000 9.29 236.0 473.8 -9.8 2.4 29,500 9.08 230.7 -15.7 -16.7 -17.7 -18.7 -19.7 -20.7 -21.7 -22.6 -2376- wiws - l"`2ii -2*1 -3*238 vosi -24.6 -5*3. -25.6 -5 kiH -26.6 -27.6 -Mm -28.6 r-.774a -29.6' -30.6 -31.6 = -*970.58 -32.5 -33.5a ' 1 -9Sf55a! -io;t -34.5 ; --flowing -35.5 ; -'HI1 USi -36:5" , % 11" fOEs -38.'5'i - 3905,| -Wi'EP 1 ',,y -41.5. -42.5, -43 4; ISBPaBp 13,500 14,000 14,500 15,000 17.93 17.57 17.22 16.88 455.4 446.4 437.5 428.8 -11.7 -12.7 -13.7 -14.7 1.4 0.9 0.4 -0.1 30,000 30,500 31,000 31,500 8.88 8.68 8.48 8.29 225.6 220.5 215.5 210.6 -44.4 -- 45.4* -46.4V -47.4 -- -* "W. G. Brombacher, Altitude-pressure tables Based on the United Stales Sian Atmosphere, Natl. Advisory Comm, for Aeronaut. Jtept. No. 538 (republished 1942).^`j. BBS1 aaSSfe-.. EFFECTS OF ABNORMAL ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE TABLE 1 (continued) 585 te#. Pressure m. mm. Hg tyre, #C. Mean tempera* ture. #C. ft. Pressure in. Hg mm. Hg Tempera* ture, *C. Mean tempera ture, *C. 3,,000'|i;iM3; mmffisS"50O^I-'7l?55 mi-tow-. I5#r2a0r; !-35tOOO^ mlml3^332( Pi3 11,'500',> HfO.OOOf ftel6' iS.36,'600'1 S,6S;55, Itifeooot B76139 mwsooj -6524 fepo I??6I95 ffi39vpdri!j fA'SlSl';-' |3?f5Q0^ g|k^8. 205.8 201.0 196.4 101.8 187.4 183.0 178.7 175.9 174.5 170.4 166.4 162.4 158.6 154.9 151.2 147.6 144.1 UluKSOfOOOi Bl40T500I 4L*OOOl i85l28 5?Sl!f5iX$ 3542';QOO< It 5.104 &42V5008 &4P2' C(43fOOO-j 80'; $543.*500iJ ..',,4l69_ ^44-jOOOU 58 4^500) 47!*45i000i 4 `4K 36 IBUV8OO3. ',4.26 lasroOoSfc-we Sf40Y500; Uf.0g gtofiibQO -';.;97 SKW5O0| *#73 PsTbOdl 1131781 IS93SjR'.'soofS 140.7 137.4 134.2 131.0 127.9 124.9 122.0 11Q 1 116.3 113.5 110.8 108.2 105.7 103.2 100.7 68.38 66.05 93.79 -48.4 -49.4 -50.4 -51.4 -52.4 -53.4 -54.3 -55.0 -55.0 -55.0 -55.0 -65.0 -55.0 -55..0 -55.0 -55.0 -55.0 -65.0 -56.0 -65.0 -55.0 -65.0 -55.0 -55.0 0 -55.0 -56.0 -55.0 -55.0 -55.0 -55.0 -.55.0 -55.0 -55.0 -65.0 ^N COCO 11 -18.0 49,000 3.605 91.57 -18.6 49,500 3.520 89.41 -19.1 50,000 3.436 87.30 -19.6 -20.2 .51,000 3.276 83.22 -20.7 52.000 3.124 79.34 63.000 2.978 75.64 -21.3 54,000 2.839 72.12 -21.6 55,000 2.707 68.76 -21.8 56,000 2.581 65.55 -22.3 57,000 2.460 62.49 -22.8 58,000 2.346 59.58 -23.3 59,000 2.236 56.80 -23.8 --24;3 60,000 2.132 54.15 -24.8 61,000 2.033 51.63 -25.2 62,000 1.938 49.22 -25.6 63.000 1.847 46.92 64.000 1.761 44.73 -26.0 65,000 1.679 42.65 -26.4 66,000 1.601 40.66 -26.8 67,000 1.626 38.76 -27.2 68,000 1.455 36.95 -27.6 69,000 1.387 35.23 -28.0 -28.3 70,000 1.322 33.59 --28j6_ _7.L,000~ _ J.281_ ...32.02. -29.0 72,000 1.202 30.53 -29.3 73,000 1.146 29.10 -29.6 74,000 1.093 27.75 -29.9 75,000 1.041 26.45 -30.2 76,000 0.983 25.22 -30.5 77,000 0.946 24.04 -30.8 78,000 0.902 22.92 -31.1 79,000 0.860 ' 21.85 80,000 0.820 20.83 -55.0 -55.0 -55.0 -55 -55 -55' -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -56 -55 -65 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 --55 -55 -55 -55 -65 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -55 -31.9 -32.2 -32.4 ___ -- ___ ___ ___ ___ __ -- ___ ___ ___ -- -- __ __ __ -- __ -- __ __ -- __ __ __ W-j 1 idf-ltlfgigaBeous envelope of the earth, and only about the lower~2 miles of Kabi|able without marked restrictions to warm-blooded animals.6 KK Mssme'lxerted'By'the'WeiglTFo'f ,the atffidSphf6''i3'eiierte''d"radially at oint in proportion to the amount of overlying gas, as discussed above, itfdinarily measured by utilizing the fact that the atmosphere will Ppeight of a column of fluid (oil, water, mercury, etc;) of. a length mfejortional-to its specific gravity, ^hus^ the-standard^atmosphere at Bea support a column of mercury 760 mm. in length, and this is known to ' sgiire of 14.66 p.s.i. It is customary for the sake of convenience to use |p` 8uch a barometer as a measure of atmospheric pressure. Apparent that the increased pressures in the open atmosphere follow ii||f the relations discussed above for conditions at altitude; in fact the n3&oy wn in Table 1 are extended to --1000 feet to facilitate calculations