Document ppvqqJarp2pEJZY582rx0nxK7

LIA11560 LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC. 1*1 MADISON AV*NU HfW YOAK. N. T. 100t TICAPWOAt ~ *AA CAC1 IK W MM i September 9/ 15 Bat I2AD - TCS F0I33S AIL ABOUSC US To All Herfceri of the Beelth and Safety Coadtteer The attached article la being eeot to you aa aa Inatanct of tba garbage that cceea Into thla office In large ouchere. Thla la a particularly cbnoxloua place. I think It la Interesting to note the fact that the circulation of thla Journal la 350,000 by paid subscription only. Sea you next Booth. Very truly youre. COT:ad Boo. Coo 0. roller Secretary . . ^ ' - ---i ..^i. sXit 11^ 1 iiiMnai lii.1 .-ikJ, Tra.A*e Ma t**e LIA11561 ,A j p> Pollution ef nit, v%i*r and food by (ttoUot adMiiv* krepi intrtonr.f, uJult aulhoritiot looi iht <rt.W way. Lead - The Poison All Around Us fCT k a!> la poisonous to *3 form*. It JLe b one ui Ore meat haLardoui of Ox toi>c nwials because Ox poison U cumulative end Ox toiic efiects ar* many and we ere told in CtowcW Tcricdozy of Cc*nmerxid Product (The WUUam* end Wilkin* Co, 1&63). This totic b v <i1 la "raining" into the oceans of the northern hetni*- pber* et about 50 time* Ox ret* pre valent before automobile* were com- loca, uy two California researthen. Dr. Tuibv* J. Chw. of the Seripp* Inemuttoo of Oce*oo$y*phy, Unlvcr* afty of Califarm*, end Dr. CG Pet* Ifnoa geologist at California Institute of Technology. They have tested lay* trs of ocean water end found that the eras around ouf northern countries re- ceiv* about 503.000 too* of lead en* Dually, compared with only 10.000 tana la the southern hemitphrr*. They attribute this difference almo*t entirely to exhaust fume* from our motor vehicle*, according to Science Nrvw Uitr* OVr:.'^ t\ 1<*3). They also found 10,000 times more lead la snow samples from California's Laaaen Volcanic National Park than would be expected to accumulate from normal sot] source*. Along our super highways, vrge* tables grown in tlx polluted atmos phere have been found to contain 50 times more lead than the amount con sidered tolerable In foods (Kns Scvn/ut, December 5,1963). Although we *re constantly being warned alout air poDutioo. and motor vtUde eshaurt fume* are now re garded a* the mefoe scuetw of smog to ttrbaa oerrtrn, w* seldom MX a mention of lead aj a dangerous com ponent of the air. In fact, the amount of tetraethyl lewd pero*ttfd la motor fuel was recently Increased from 3 culic centimeter* per gallon to A, which mav Increase the atmorohertc content of the deadly poison by a* much ai 30%. At about that same time a group of doctors for reason* best known to themselves went to * great deal of trouble to furnish "sci entific evidence* tint lead to the ak poses d o threat to anyone's health, thereby fortifying Ox Increase. Th$ whitewashing was done under Ox auspice* of the Kettering Laboratory of the University of Cincinnati's Col lege of Medicine, which presented I Symposium i on Lead from February 25- 27, 19&\ to "bring together cer tain . . . facets of Ox hygienic prob lem raised many yean ago by the introduction of tetraethyl lead as aa antiknock addrtivr teto autoraotfv* fueL" Managing to overlook moun tain! of incriminating evidence, the rrnpMiuin found lead Kirmlm to brahh. Tlx papers were jxibUdxd as a special issue of the ArcAter* of EntvrtmmenfoJ Health (February 1964). and dedicated in memory of Dr. Frank Princi, who betides being Associate Director of the Kettering Laboratory, had been Medical Direc tor of the Ethyl Cofporatkm, a maker of trtraethyl lead. Caowmc Am PouATtoa Ethyl Corporation Introduced to* traethyl lead into American gasoline* to 1923. By Ox rxtl year, PubHc Health Servka figurt* show 700,000 Punsmev \y t f t. i r V l. * uawy iiyy? N 394.01  -- i *---- -- T LlA11562 % pounds Wing used. In 1&5B the figurt had grown to 510,000,000 pounds, 15% of at] lead used in this country. At present the petroleum industry is tW Kcctfvi largest urr of lead In the United State*. rrmth of tt ending up a i An air pollutant, and making Ha way Info food, water and oof lung*. (Ahta^i-h moil g&mjinc* now con tain it, adding tetraethyl lead it not tW only way to Increase a furTl anti knock prttpertlca. Better reining methods will produce anti knock go* oLne wit).out lead, but at a high** cost became cf the additional facili ties required.) In \St2A Ethyl Corporation art the limit of 3 oc i of lead per gallon, not for any reac* of health, a company statement laid, but just breauw it was the highest amount considered necessary at the time. Better engine technology In later yean crated b> creased comrrmjofl ratio* ud a need for Improved anil knock properties 1a gajofina. TPHmrcri in 1355 msken of TEX proposed that their product's limit i fuel t* raised from 3 to 4 Cc'l per gallon, citing ^definite economic ad* vanUgea ... to the nation, and to the motoring pvbbc ... the nauon's crude oil resource* would be cooerred.* Public Health Service, committed to fighting pollution, got off the spot by summing an advisory committee of doctors, reported that *a coo- c4uii\e anrwer ti ImpouiMe at the present time because of the lack of medical data * A 1325 committee bad recommended that study of the health atpects \x continued. The 1350 com mittee said *t vu "regrettable* PUS had not done so. The outcome was csi^ntielly that because cf lack of ev*b-r* sgaimt lead, no action was taken ar>d the Increase w u not op- p*aed As la the case of pcaticidrc, IHS prefers to close iti eyes to the danger until the harm U prove*. These events were described la a erie* In the Richmond Tiwa-Oi#- pack, fun# 4-IB, ISC1, later reprinted la booklet form by the Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. Ro a s m or Lu> Here are some eeQ-ntsbLikd medical facts we can offer the Pubhc Health Service. Lead caa be taken into the body hi three way* --through the digestive system. the respiratory system, and the skin. W> ingest the greater part of our lead Intake through the dtgr*feve system, since lead Is found la some of the additive* U our foods, 'a pdrd up from polluted sod by growing plants, and sometimes I* In i i i ? ir lt r-, I i i i f i i S3 LIA 11563 I lh WAlrT V'hrtf lead *"'<P are used. the University of British Columbia, Very h:tie enter* our U-brt through told tbe Geological Society of Amer the skin, (of only the voUtt'e orgsnic ica last October that digestive dla- tf oxupourdl such AJ trlrsrthyl lead, orders known in England as 'Derby- \ be/oro corn'mitii'n, enter rrtdily la shire tummy* and TVvomhire colk" t that way. The lead tn vehicle ei- are now known to occur where the ii bruits j j tr*j%i)y la irveysriic form, *0:1 It high in lead. comparable to that In C*if foods, UrrCt because chronic lead pc*toning at* s It it a prtjdixt of cnrr.buitkxx. Ucki the centra] oervoui system. Pro- s Wl.cn we tale in lead through the feasor Wsrrm is alto interested in the i digntiv* system. much o( ft it quickly reU'vonship of bad to diseases of the i Crx-XT-nt rated in tle b*-cT rxl escrrfpd- central nervous system such as multi } UntU It is, there msy be acute Wad ple scicrutu, wbx*c cause is atslt con po.soning, wvh i)-in;y<vns loch u sidered unknown. In 1^57 be took vomiting. diarrhea. weal nets, appetite part in a study of 4 localities having loti, arvi dehydration, terminertr.g La a high incidence of the disease, and COnruUton* end collapse. found that ia every case the rocks :8 In chronic !ei4 poisoning, even more symptoms appear. The lead U circulated la the blood stream and eventually nvseh of it Li deposited ia the bore* The capillary walla of the blood-and-fiuid bamer which pro* trcti the beam and spinal cod are finally damaged to that the load caa afect those organs also. Victims ap pear pale and anemic, and /eel grad ually weaker, with increasing abdom inal pain wlixh devrlopa into the no torious Trad colic " Constipation, vomiting. insomma. dinifw-is, and hcada<l*c all inerraw. and when the nervous ryitctn is aSecled. paralysis may occur along with mental change*, and eyesight and hearing may be impsfrrd In tlx w c n diar^nii is dii&cult because the rymptoms ace typical of many different cause*. W nw trad enters the body through tie respiratory tyrtern or kin, H bvpasse* the lrvrr and enters the Circulation difnlJv, so thj| pro- kmatrly this smaller amount of is available to do more damage (Schmidt, Seiser, and l-ltsner, heed fou<Mun, Berim. 1500). or *o/ls were relatively high In lead, lo similar geograpldcal area* having Icie multiple sclerosis than the aver age. there was also leas lead than the average content in rocks and sods. The geographical duthbutloo of MS also coincide* with areas where there is peat in the sod. because peat con tains acids which concentrate eW* mc-nts such as lead (Toronto dob* an.'/ Mod. October IS. 1263). Symptom* of MS show many simb Untie* to chrome lead poisoning -- the weakness. para^-sU, visual and auditory disturbances, and rmotkxval change* all bear a resemblance. Add to these the fact that MS often ap pears at an early agr Msyo Clinic diti shew thst 47% of their MS patwoIs cuotract the disease before igf 30. Becognirrd lead poisoning theise d-yt is mure comnon among young chddrm, who suffer more lasting effects on their immature, still devel oping systems. Perhaps dimnlc lead poiMXiing. begun in CTuldlsood, might do its slow damage through the years of grvwih, and finally appear in young aduhhooJ in a prvgxcsaivdy degenerative form, 1 i i ! f I j 1 There are a few scientists who are Ua s ar> t i ftoMss famac beginning to /flat# a relatively high Anotlrf* reaearclxe i intevrsl In lead lead intake to diseases showing tymp has taken him to Italy to study relka l toms similar to lead poisoning fVo* of the ancient flomana. In ft letter to feasor Harry V. Warren, geologist H Technology end CwJ/wr* (Winter 54 hcvoaxM 'Mi!-*-"1 vm. LIA1156A Q 20^2), S Colufn Cil&Un, Ph.D . sum- mtnirt hti 27-year study of tins u*ei of Wsd Ly tlc fh'^manl, who )*e feels wrc* girxtly v.rsicm-d by Wad poi soning from tliCi/ wine. All the Ro man* Ln^r^ minh Wad from w*ter p.pea, Dr Cdflhn wyt. but their rr>oit important source of trad poisoning w*k the wine and gTapc airup used by the wealthier clatter They wartr>td \)x wwc In Wad lined Vestel* of added Ltlmrge (Wad irr> Ute) to Veep it f:can going sour, they used bad glare on pottery, had prtrr drinking verse it. mcrxJod their pottery with leaden ciampa, and tad lead part* to their gripc-pc citing ma- cKir-cx. Adding water to the wins alio added mote trad. Eventually lead poisoning resulted in itmbfy among the upper claisea. which explains ll* repeated extermination of die aristoc- racy and the final debilitation cf the race. Dr. CtllHaa feel*. He it cur rently having bcoe sampler of rich and poor Kocunt analyzed to make a oompinsoo of their lead cootrot. He alto otex, In support of hit theory, the UTifk cf X. B Holman (Archa fur Cearfcv/ife drr h/rthua, 18S3) and K Kobrrt (out drr Geschs* cA/e drr Chcvue, 1009). Mmaotx BtHttjoa When lead it deposited b the bones, these deposits take exactly the same pattern as cakium depouts (Behrens. B. and Baumann. A, Jlr*chr. fd ge* riper Med, V2.231. 1933). if both lead and calcium are preterit, the boor it more likely to take up the lead, because the lead Compounds occurring here are less soluble than the corresponding cakiupi phoiphatrv But if ritri cab cium it given before lead adminitra tion. lets lead rt taken up by the bones and more U found in the stom<h, on its way to being excreted. This finding suggests a high Cakium (bone meal) diet to prevent recessive Wad alisorptlorv One also wonders ScrriMMa, 2964 whether Wad de*>o*i}i in the bones are sometimes mistaken for calcium deposits in i-rayt or roentgrr>fA*r*mt. A Japanese resear<)*rr, Ciro Ohara, eipenmentcd with several treatments for tetraethyl lead pinioning (Toheku Jottn-iol of Ex;*eriimfa/ Wrdicine, 4%: 2&S2.2, l'>44) He point* out that acute tetrarthy! Wad poisoning bnnp oo more mental effects than does in organic lead, perhaps became of its volatility and rap%d absorption Into the organism. VjJtnia B, and sodium thiosulfate each helped alleviate the poisoning symptoms, be found, but large dotes of vitamin C had the greatest effect by far as aa antidote. O s a m also measured the lactic add and sugar content of the blond, and found that shortly after poisoning, these values rose sharply, only to de crease and finally result is hypogly cemia. Apparently when the poison reaches the liver, its glycogen is re leased, causing the initial rise, but the continuing action of the Wad results In the eventual lowering. Measure ments jhTti liver and muscle glyco gen to be almost entirely absent at the end of the experiment Furtlief tests sfxm rd that the poi soning reduces the liver's ability to form new glycogen from added ghscw, but tint vitamin Bt. vitamin C, and sc&lium thiosulfate all helped to neutralise that effect. Dixcus IctoitJ It is interesting that the reports from the Kettering symposium do not dte the work of these foreign researchers. We notice that alt)>ough the meet ing concludes with the reassurance that we are in d o danger from at mospheric Wad, the tciU of the rejxvtx contain some remarks whoa* Importance the doctor* apparently choose to minimile. Dr. Ronald E. Lane, from England, is speaking o* induitrial Wad po4*orung! 1 am fully aware* he says, *lhat CssSiwi ea Ht* HI " 85 * I a easyw ir ! { f I t } Si i i r' i r i j j -, -, - - -* LIA11565 1XA0 e**rtae 9 trwny w-riters In this wintry refuse to accept tlx connection Ixl ween lead poisoning And chronic nepliritu. . , . Tlx elder chnicuns . . w-rre In no doubt. TJiry accepted chronic nephr;t*s as a long-term result of plumblim, and it is still accepted ice tlx purpose of compensation In the Umtrd Kingdom . . . plysilm and painter* both showed a iiriib<ant cea* of death from frtd causes * Ha goes on to detcrib* an investigation in w-hich the causes of death among Wad industry workers were compared with those in tlx grrxrxl population. Both among pensioner* and among those who died during employmextU a "TugUy ugm&cant actu of deaths from vascular leuor* Averting the central nervous system* w*j found among Wad workers. Om of the f>tnpodum papers dealt with laboratory ttudus of tettartbyl and trCramnhyt Wad, vrWch is also a possible gasoline adkhtrve. Results ibowed that, while a lethal dose of tetramHhyl lead mutt be higher than that of lix tetraethyl, given enough quantity tts effects could be more e vrre Tlx study also brought these admissions from the author, l>r. C. W, H. Stlxpcrs: *. . .administration of multiple doies, equivalent cumulative ly to a single dose, proved to be more ir./wMiAi*. Thi* Information may liave pragmatic significance since hu rran esp/su/e i more JAeJy to be repetitive than mauives *A feature for comment Li the ap parent ersntrsdc<ion between the gen eral condition of the rats and the seventy and prevalence of organic Inuxii Thus, lack of loss of weight and absence of symptoms were d o guarantees that lead had Dot bees causing subtle mischief in important organs. . . persistent tachycardia and hypertension, originating In neurolog ical or endocrine disturbance, may cause derangements of cardiovascular functioning. , ' lf t 9 * i `t i * [ i T ,.,>!J.".1* is*, -j v -v imm.!* > -11ismij j h j u iii i i^.amwgsijiniuan. 11, - LIAL1566 w s s me mw *The evident UrV of acvumub^-yn ir.sted the rvmpcalum, sets the dan or rrtcotioo of lead la Ox r>cr>ouf ger tljriboicl fur lead as excreted in system contrast* with the pron-.ir.eve the urine at .15 milligrams per liter, of neurological symptom* and the IT:is ls:nit. of course. Includes lead demoeJtrahi* evidence cf neuroia! from all sources On another page, ho and xseuroghd Injury.* t>r. Seh/-;*-ri tells us that urine sample* from nor also suggests * relationship to hypo mal healthy persons s)*ow lead COD- glycemia and poasibW bcsr&ts frxra centraticea up to 014 mg per liter, glucose therapy. In this ro,r*cd th wiu< h Is very close to his own danger Japanese re?<-archef* would appear to thre-i!*>M Yet in Ids dosing remand. have been 20 )'ti ahead of him. Dr. Echo# reiterates that "there b EiTtxT or PoLurnoii r>0 present hazard to the health cf the public from tlx lead content of Symposium table* sl-ow that U. S. tlx ambient atmosphere." He jusli&ef cities up to a population of two mil* this statement by reminding us that Uon ha a a mean concentration of 1.47 air b not o-ir principal source of lead, to ISA mkrograms of lead per cubic and provides data slewing that the ! meter of air la 1&G1, and larjrr drier greater portion of ingested lead b had more, with Los Angeles leading eventually excreted. dx hat at 64 microgram*. (An aver, Rut why should the fact that the age adult U estimated to Inhile 30-40 bid b largely excreted prove that it mlcrograms per day, of which per does oot pose a hazard? There b haps half U absorbed) constant stream cf lead always post The American Conferrace of Gov ing through cur bodies, with a tnuS f ernmental Industrial Hygienists haj gradual buildup throughout the years. set the .Krai! for lead In the air of The lead deposited in the bones also Industrial establishment! at 00 mi* b capable of re-entering the blood crograms per cubic meter. Though stream and circulating back and forth this concentration la adxnittedly not between the blood vexseb and the recommended for community air. It la bony depots. Dr. Schepers* experi the standard used in the rj-rapotiura ment allowed that lesion* appear even for corr.psrhoc. USSR air standards .when no symptoms are noticed. After for community air quality art ap year* cf irr.titsuQ by an admittedly proximately 1% of the ACGIH vilurt poisonous substance unnecessary to for many pollutants, admits Ralph L the body, some damage might be ex Lanetx, Fh D,, in bla paper, but he pected to occur. In recognized lead voids mentioning the Scnict recom poisoning symptoms appear wherever mendations for lead. tlx lead u found. Might not its pres "Soviet philosophy In setting air quality standards is that the maslmurn permisublc coocentratsoo should be set kmrr th*an that at which the most Sensitive test shows human frtpor.ee," quotes Dr. Larsen from an air pollu tion book. #. . .Soviet standards often appear extremely stringent to those who require the appearance of la* quelaa before admitting to damage to to organism.* ence in the blood stream eventually weaken tlx blood vessels? Might not Us effect oo carbohydrate metabolism eventually charge tlx blood sugar level? Since the liver b so important la lead excretion, might It not predis pose-to disease* cf that organ? WhOt our doctors, with their shortsighted viewpoint, are claiming "d o evidence* that there Is a health hazard from atmospheric lead, degenerative, nerv ous and mental disease* are increasing t ) f f as fast as the Inaras# of poUooous Du. Roaxxr A. Kc mo c of the En Wad polluting our air from motor v#> i tering Laboratory, who## work dom- hkrie nhiusts. I m Nrrpmow j j