Document ppqDGQr04bOJ66dK5jo6xxk16

National Safety News Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention end the health of industrial workers VOL 32, No. 3 CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1935 'lie The 10.15 Gmgrtss Gty...................................................................... II N.i n,tf.\V.n Measure* in PuM Control--Arthur S. Johnson............................... 17 jhi- I'river Has Hi* Trouble*--11fury J, Drugas.......... ........................................ 19 ,-n 'vifpty --7". U\ Otguikl.................................................20 ,\ .U'-uirtiam Aosilyri** Safely Savings--.V/unfrv Prwhr'-rig' ........................... 2*> Unml Rapid* Is Saiely Conscious--Curtis Billings............................................. ,.2$ KanM? Health Authorities Fight Accidents--Earir C. Brmm, M. D......................27 Step* in Safety--Roy ti. Ronriol!............................................................................ 29 nraitini! Exterior Wall* of Buildings by Sandblasting or Steamblasting-- luthtstriaf Data Sheet D-Cen. is.......................................................................... 32 Raising <htr Standards of Industrial Medicine--31. A*. Xctcquist. .1/. D..................34 {.uniting Toward the Congress...................................................................................38 Kirmenlary Safeguarding Is Still Important........ ................ ................................ 58 Ami Sudden Death--J. .1. Furnas.......................................................................66 Rgulo Departments l'l".t:.tl ............................................................... ') II*' Mjnjyjina Diriri,ir\ Pj>rt- ....................10 11> S.if\iv lixchange .............. --.30 I'klii'frtjl Health ............_........................,,_M Uu Bulletin Nur,l ........................................10 rrtv^iaU ..................................................S3 The Sa/civ Lihfarv --................................. Art The Hum* Anil ......................................... tin Cumin* Events............................. AS Vith the Menufanurt-r ............................ _..."2 Tl>* Dwyer, Service ......................................... "A The AeddcM tbnam.r ................................,,.* Causian T. Fish, Editor ltn;* itri.uxGS, Associate Editor Stanity H. X*xshasv. Poster Editor C. H. Mtctxs, Advertising AQinager ' l"l" lvss by Niiiiumil H-rtv Council. |ne. l'rlntrd In C.8.A. ruMlah.d mnnthlr, *','d-vt,a inn tier June l. l*tl. a( Die lp.t time, si ChlcsHu. Jit., under tne 1 uM j. is;. Additional entry si 81. Joaevn. Mien. J,,Tj' rut'it<-rl|ilton price to members fur earns cqplra uf lit NATIONAL. (liFSTV xrwv sunv"jur n>g*le*r.coSpileitstilorncroepq.u.-e,st4.0 rente. n.Aucco quantity price, (nr yaurlv auiiaerlp- Sul/srrlptlons sre available only te member, ef the Xstlonsl Safely Council. Menthrr Audit Bureau of Circulation, hi. ...,^,,1,,, | inijvsed lit the Industrial Arts Index. mu* ths0irDal,u,,U,,niu"raa.dvnauntctehdosIns aol(irntheed NaratticiolensalaSreorteolybeCuonudnecrils.tood ns Individual National Safety Council, Inc. . <'(irrui.nr -?*Mi-CiitinnfreUit--.\'vh'P<iltllnl--Xi*iStrlMrtni 20 North Waekei Drive, Chicago, U. S. A, New York Office, 9 Eati A 1st Street Office of the Education f Boat A . - ** " )1 National Safety Council Officers, 1934.193 5 , jun^ Co Lon*. PrfIUnL i l\ou**r I. Taymn. VUr*Pr?iWM for \ lMLIk **/fy O. 0. Finnm.*.. for l*ul* j lie iuiaiiaiU Lgw H* Vtefl*n?gtdul fur * Saftlr Cuuftdis AuKoMirtrneJLr.Nnfl<au. Vierl*rnnf*nt fur f; W. Smith, Ykr^m diMl for |miu* II. X. JUh*si*yy.n. f*r tUllfV-* H. Witw>. M.li., Vivfl*fv%l|vit (ur IlfMlIlt W. WlllfSirv. Vh,y.|*m*.lwit fr ivtiucairvn \Y)U.HS I*. VJerl*fv*^lileHl lor Finuici ini TrntMiNr W. II, CaMMhiv. N**teL%r> ml Mum* III* lliwlnr Executive Committee }' Members at L*igt Ta Aeees Urntaae ana: 4. L. Maitwav. rji.lman Nudes la T. rt. Cwne. Sar.tr Section. Aliucia- lien ef Ainerlvnn llallnnHl, 5. It. Cvu-inar. lyrmlrhrHi steel CornItMWT Uwiuaar. Tilt (nilntna Co. 0. T. IIIUAVTII. Cli cuan Nurili Stiurc and Mllnraukrc bu Irnuil Co. Tnowa, f. Kiia.*i, Imiiittria) Commit, sleSnT Olile Tnanai H. MaciinnaiA. 1. S. Uur.au of ZvjJ+ i. XlltuH, l>*Hnd Otitrut Aiiagiaiitfi HaMU L. MlK, K. L dul'*Hi dr N-- irwura St 0. ligflM B, la.t'Mb, iMvciflc IUat A, Sctiwr*. VnticU MrH Cff. Safety Csuncil RcpfcsenUtivci CuKa F, TartP*, CmitMil NYjctw Uxr AmtN. CnuwH C. Ko UiUlttX. .Sufrlr l>itanl I). L Fi2\Ni.i.i.e iAnmri) UtaMUkT NHHttr, lHi*irf Jmfrty I'atuiaj IvhWUi * i.itv Safrtv M.^Sl^KtNiTriN. VUc> Smfri* ilnanrli Ftaxtini Me Kc*(. iv>Mnjtwt Mwy Sectional Representative! Cwr, 1C W. Kiasa. Ja.. Murlnr KH.nuWany., UT<raa.elvT1nIlr.*Weunaand. 1`Smtrlvrrei lxand lllali* Muu C. Ilata, AUtumntlvr and Mtclilnr , I. Sl\*V(.i Mii.luii. Arrld.nl |*rrv.mloo l.ulinnuilnImI,mSlaTMMuurima. fA.rlruriru.rn,ulii'al J. A. Veu. Slelal, J Past Prasidents I llaeaar IV, ibiirMU > Aarui'S T. Mnaer |4V l. r.Ln.a i Ua.ta Vaa S.'-naas* I lUl/K & |lii:Maaua* I l,,aui P. TeeMan l Aa.nva >1. Veonu 1 Maecva A. IPu ( L*< A, llalluna ; Cast. IL Arm. CnakUk U. .*rar Mum 'u *n< : llouaa K. Sism" l.r.-Cmf. Iln-tar A. llrMnera f.. Kraixt Ihrmanjrr Jf.ateaiuW1.. Ihlaosw,,nm IhrssiPt Honoraiy Members nAaHi0*aeaArTVO.P C.u*i I. * Se No Half Way Measures in Dusj Control By ARTHUR S. JOHNSON AnitHfit i<i #A Mitumtif, jtyi9+t4t*9 .itueriCHtx iltffuvl Llubthl* itunttmet Intent, O CONTROL it# dust hazard to Tihi* extent nf niakinu' the tx:currania* of pneumoconiosis imprnb- industry mu#i tin much more than Dust control is not an event; it is d program that requires concentrated day to-day attention lui-. *i:n itaoical <iut removal equipment :t going. With it there inu.-t la* nl to the amount uf silica in the air wit produce disabling iuttg |<:itbiilngv i ;i ,i r* hi tine of cheek anil double breathed. \ new rav nf ljy|K lies in yet we are laced with the fact# of cUints .luck, perhaps whole nnv operating Some fairly god evidence that there prosecuted *ucce##fully. Quantity of practices and a #harp definition of re- may be mixed dusts in which such dust dust, rather than quality, was doubtless <|Kiii5tbiiiti!j. This all boils down to -as limestone, gypsum, coal, hematite, ' responsible for any ill health. Some lay-to-day attention to a program <if- clay or cement dilute the silica hazard State regulation# require, dust exhaust luni'tl u|um a ions range health conM-rviitiim pm'icy. Half-way measures unrelated m each other won't work. Nor i# (In'? a '`done once, done forever" aifair. Dust control is not an event, it is a program that never finishes. Iwjvrn item to Ik in rather general ami produce less physiological reaction than the silica content operating as pure quartz alone. A second group of dusts produces somewhat the same dinkai picture vs silicosis in it# early stages, yet the x-ray of the. chest shows the shadows pretty machinery n some operation#. We must, therefore, include for control some dusts whicH by nature may not b*> harm ful. Our fourth crude of hazard i- tuber culosis. Tuberculosis i# a direr**..* caused by a germ, and probably more useful .isnuMiiem about (nur grades of pneunitMUiiosis hazard. l-'irst. quartz cansins real -ilirnds. a xiriuus solidification *f me mat- nf the lungs ly fibrosis Of soviet It uf scar tissue. It takes years to ;vi : >i-:.i|, tun once started is progre#- *'. , .:;*lit i*m which will nut stop and ..mill.! I.,- cured. After vNj*iire id 15. much confined to the lymph ducts. The damage appears not to be so serious as .silicosis in many ways, particularly in that it is not progressive nor does it prtdiqxwe to tuberculosis. The (lusts pro ducing it certainly should be cfasdftcd a* absorptive and therefore harmful silthough not in the same category a* work has been done to control this disease than almost any other. From time immemorial the dusty trade* which we now #pcnk uf a# having a silicosis hazard were always among the danger #lis for iul>vrvi?lo#i". What we now know i- this: that #ili**#i# make# a first das# plan* for tuherculusi* to thrive in 'U 1*1 .'5 _\ear>. nien in certain tratles tic mutilate this fibntsi- id the lungs which lessens their capacity for physical l.ilxiflt make# them shuri of breath and uuise# certsiin well - tlelinetl clinical symptom.* X-ray# uf their chests show charjcteri-iic shadow*. A fete of these an-n *ii.- ... j direct result of this CondiCum. Alin**ti"U tew of them have their |>hi teal rapacity to work lessened even m 1 f i.r 20 years, there may Ik actual foue impairment which predisposes them 10 hiuerculusi*. Th? enure of this silir'>sis i silica. a> free t|unrtz. not com`'ned with utlirr elements in the form tif 'ilir.m -, i,,,, the ipiartz as iound free in ^"itte. and it> it# purest natural form as Hint .ia>| vanister. '1'he studies made of many ea-e. ,*i -ilicusi- and the exjaisttrt-* whirh i.tu-iil ilinn in the rvk indu#- miu! grinding industries. firer'tk making, etc., have shown that the 9zard i# silica and that it is proportion- e*-- quartz. There is no qursthm but that lessened Jung capacity results from them aftrf lung enough cxfxtsure but it cer tainly takes more dust awl more time to lower capacity for work. Asbestosi? falls in this group and apparently similar conditiuns develop from exposure try ex cesses of many mineral dusts relatively low in free silica content. Inert Dusts A third group of mineral dusts may Ik harmless in reasonable quantities. The result of work by some investigators which has been published recently indi cate clay. talc, emery and carlmrundum dusts to be inert. In some animal ex perimentation these dusts did not jwiv dtiec fibrosis. t'notrarily, there have Iwen claims fur disability lmtn worker# who alleged that the exjwsure to think? same dusts caused their ailments. Ex- pcn< St3,<% ?** *** am) kill the patient >M much curlier than would silicosis alone. < IpiiiHiu #*vins to In* that perit;t|)# simple siiiensi# tincontpiicated by utitcmdmi* may seldom Ik fatal, but shortens the working life of the victim just a> angina, artenn sclerosis, and such deuenefativr diseases do. On the other hand, we may expect from tuberculosis one of two things: first, a man bring# tuberculosis, no mat ter how durmant it may be, into a dusty trade, he may reactivate the tuberculosis and have his case diagnosed as "aggra vated by" the dust: or second, by get ting simple silicosis or perhaps other pneumoconiosis, ami t lien contracting tultervolosi# from tubercular associates either at work or ebewhere. die of tuber* culi*#i .U|WTtiii(i*""*d mi silicosis. Tuliercnlosi# aosuciateil with silicosis does not rp?|xmil well to treatment. Regardless of the fact that tuberculosi* i* .v* -- <* J I i i i 18 at. we must (ace (his (act. that tubercu loading a cubic foot. This means that things by arbitrary standards. losis is so often the disabling result <( dust c.\p'>Mirc. that dust control must include tuberculosis control at the same time. Meazurins the Hazard if it is found necessary to exhaust the dust at its point uf origin so that that which gets into the breathing zone uf the workers will be S or fewer million invisible motes in each foot of space, we haven't begun when we get out only the 1. limit which ttt known to K- I..,. quatU. SO to too per cent, which nr,,Sl lliv taiuii, and sand itimn which arc mlJin* upcrtlion!, nnj blasting ..p,-,.,, abrasive pulverizing. ganiiter hrtek m,i,i.. . oilier tuch operation!, can well be group,.; . a limit uf > million particles. Summarizing, we have three dust haz ards; (l) quartz, which produces true silicosis--a progressive, lung-disabling disease, (2) some dusts which produce a pathology which usually is not serious and is not progressive a/ter exposure stops, yet a pneumoconiosis none the less, and (.}} some dusts which para doxically are probably relatively harm less. yet have l>een the claimed basis (or tuberculosis and other disabilities. In the absence of ;u!rt|ii:tn- diagnoses, occu pational In-torics and a more satisfac tory method of adjudicating claims than prosecution at umimiin law. we must concludr that it i* neemstry to find a practical method for controlling ail min eral dusts. Let us now see whether it fcs necessary to give them all the same de gree of control. We have learned that the silicosis haz ard is measured by the amount of silica in the air breathed. This means that with but few exceptions it is directly proportional to the amount of dust in the air and the percentage pi silica that is in the dust. The stutiieslwhich have established the safe limit, or tolerance, visible dirt. We are confronted with the astounding fact that the health hazard has not been touched, even though an exhaust is 98 per cent efficient in terms uf the weight of dust. If we cannot vis ualize such an invisible hazard, it at least-warns us not to throw together somejin ducts, motors and fans, and caH it dust control. Returning to our main theme, let me repeat 5 million particles per cubic foot as the bench mark fur quartz dust. Since the hazard is in proportion tv quartz, the less quartz the less danger, or con versely. the less quartz the mure dust may be permitted. Now, is there a tup limit of dustiness which, regardless uf quartz content, might I* considered a maximum above which nothing would be safe, and up to which only the inert or so-called "safe" dust might go? It seems to be pretty well agreed among the investigators that there is a top limit and this figure, or second threshold limit, is 100 million panicles. In other words, no matter what the dust is, it's dangerous if the concentration is greater than 100 million particles per cubic foot. In between these limits must He the 2. Duiu which come from the hard tried in the building and monumental i,Jw winch un'J0 to SO per cent quint .in.j mixcd luunJry Juris, which start,J - ,it. . VO per cent qunrw in the land but iu\, n,, diluted hy trenK-nJout quantum! of wsu.t,, lime nr phinpiiaic parting w> that nu _ breathed is often less titan SO per cem . a practical safe limit fur tliem appear. , 10 nullum particles. .t. Fur the lile great range of dust. at talc nr day r emery, which contain utht no quartz or .mly a S or S per Cent itnr,,, lor wluili IUU million particle, is a on,,-. IX'etirt.lnl dcdtl liiK*. I d,uhe (li.it ,, , . afft.r.1 t,, take diatuvs and he ..It*,n,il ,. Cntur.d wliiih bring* these ,lti.t. ,|,,xn ... | . IlHl lir.lliihi parlisles I hti.t* .aten M III.I Inm hut liatv hvvn aveuxsl *! ', fnlnul.Mi. hecauv lli.it figure is cvri.n- 111 arilhlllvtli'jl prnfxillnxi III Ihi- sii*.. lent. Vet. we are tJiisi wills (Ins .til,,-....... suppsne wsr pisk 111 nr <Wl million pur.,,.,, install a tlusl cnntml prncrdure and fin.l ii, ctxjrse uf a number of years' iiperuum th,we still get Jl.jhlinj! result!. Nu Ju.r that I Imuw- id has actually demonstrate.! tha M. nr to nr IDO million residue u uu*lactnrs-. It mar be necessary, therefore. I,, skip t. l.t- ante fur that type t dust except m sa, :tu: whin it is over 100 million it must be r..!..cc2 H. "'r. get the dust down as Ion- rcassuhlr prasticahle. and IS null... -t..: I. vdti rcasnnahle to me. or threshold limit for continuous expo points of safety which take the propor \\V now umlerjtand in general irrrm sure without deleterious effect, have ar-, tion of silica into account. tvhat dusts. how much, and of lu: rived at 5 million particles of quartz dust per cubic foot of air, none offwhich dust is larger than 10 ntirra in size, f think we nerd m digress for a moment to visualize what is meant bv 5 million particles of dust i such tiny size. We know u b invisible to the naked eve be cause it takes 13 to 20 times (hat much to produce a haze, and even that isn't visible as particle* of maiemTs."~'V5e Standards tor Dust Tolerance U'luii is the practical answer? A tabic of dust tolerances such as is contained in some state regulations does well enough, and in them we find a general agreement but with some variation. In principle most such tables show 5 to 20 million particles as the limits where the sizes constitute health hazards. You have a plant in which you sujpev'. a Itaz ard. I.et u. examine svhat can ! d"0jlmut it in rvaluut* your partkul.u ilitiuiits. Dust control is so expenm--* `v should nu guess at the hazard. I; tiust has a lot uf quartz in it. mh J! foundry molding sand, gnnister. acew pate for lire brick, granite. mi fnr tool grinding, etc., there is a hi id" particles, therefore, are jo small as to quartz content of the dust runs from 100 hazard, ff you can see the dust. >l"J thwart inu-ginntior.. per cent down >.o 30 r 35 per cent re- know it to be a terrific hazard. If dK`-'r As one looks across a dusty room and .s Kubs dirt fioating in the air, settling out rather rapidly, or being blown around by draft currents, he is told that that i. not tie; cusi we are talking about. The lancer lies in such spectiveiy. To use these tolerances which s" iwed upon oereentnzes of silica, both chemical and petrographic analyses of the dust must be made to get reasonable estimates of the silica. The sampling ami analyses are both very dif is settlement on ledges there is a h.i/a-* Vou can save yourself the bother v ,"'d` iny nut the exact <|uality of t..xic>- !P" proceed at once to put the tiust control. Your problem lies in thr -,w 10 million limit group. tiny particles that they could be run be tween the bearing ami the shaft of a very fine machine anti nut touch, for a micron is roughb .00004 uf an inch, hive particles of sand, each piece so rrvil! .t I, lie only .01 f :tn inch In ficult and expensive. It is doubtful il the settled out dust represents the haz ard, and the raw material certainly does nut. Also much evidence indicates that petrographic analyvs of the smaller i- iuipt*.*-iblr. It jwmw to me that. i. . *,. i *. If, on the other hand, you iu*e mixetl dusts of low silica cooimi doubtful hazard, before bu>i'z ,UI'; control machinery you want an.. >'" what the hazard is ami how ninth. l -f first tlmtichi svinild be to 1 *k- "  48 a reasonable price. There is also ; Dust Control ingenious continuous dust sampmcounting apparatus for keeping .. (Continued from pitfe tSj tinuous count of the dust in a rvc der exhaust and it can l>e so arran: counts, make analysts and rtly upon those findings. I have said that I doubt be made only by physicians who are qualified to interpret x-rays and who to control the ventilating Cx mechanism, turn on more as needc the value of analyses. They may prove have training and wide experience in the turn it off when the satisfactory < to be the only practical methods, but diagnosis of respiratory ailments, lions have been reached. This has they certainly are not as good criteria as The periodic examination is an irniis- designed and built by Mr. Harare v in know whether the dust is harmful, pensable preventive measure which en Mr. Philip Drinker of Harvard a: ami some moderate quantities under ables the physician to detect diseases of far as I know, is still a laboratory ( Mispicion may be sift. We arc, there the lungs in their early stages and at a I see nothing impracticable aUiL fore. very anxious from a practical tints when removal of the worker (rain however, and for a large dust contr- standpoint n> determine whether our th^dust offers hope uf recovery or im stailation I would expect it to be a- dust i really dangerous or not. This provement. In addition, the repeated ful ns the automatic carbon mon- M-rms to me to be a tremendously im routine medical examinations furnish a detector and control mechanism in portant point. for if certain dusts arc valuable means uf determining the effec Holland tunnei. nm datigrriniN the atmospheres contain tiveness of dust control measures. There are practical dust sutqjrr- ing them should not require such clean While it would xem desirable w ex mechanisms-fur sand blasting, t-.imi- ,is though thi- quart;; content amine present employees to discover grinding, mixing, b.ic^iuu. drilling. were Uwr- .done. cases with active tulwrculosis, in order sive grinding, dry pan mixing Our pre-i-ni kmmh-dge of .pm-unio- to assure proper treatment and prevent most every type or localizer! coniiisis is -* I initial, and especially our their spreading infection, this procedure generating dtists. They are exp- knowledge of these minor dusts, that we is likely to stir up claims or misunder unless well-designed. They are t--. tin not know dciiniteiy which arc bad standings on the part of the. workmen. ineffective because, as I said L-.-i and which arc not. Coot! medical Such examinations, if made, should be they don't begin to touch the ht. records of old employees, which records used pniy for rehabilitation purposes. would show the incidence of pneumonia, hazard until they have got rid of r of the dust, which is the best they tuberculosis, etc., would be helpful. X-r:iy of employees with 20 years or more exposure would be most useful, but danger from inexpert diagnosis on the one hand, ami misusqef the informa tion it, the iiihcr, nukes "fcxamination of employees for this purpose something to be avoided. I urge that more satisfac tory yardsticks for evaluating this haz ard be found, and the recent and current toxicity studies hold some hoffe for an answer. In tlte meantime, it is necessary to as sume that all mineral dusts contain some health hazard anti put them aU un der control. and rely upon the low quartz content of the material producing the dust to locate it in the third or least harmful bracket. It mat i>e well to consider medical ex aminations as a dust control measure. It recommended that new employees for dusty p!a-;-w he found physically fit in Equipment for Dust Counts Our problem non is to suppress the dust to a safe limit. That implies its re moval at the source by mechanical ex haust. That implies counting the dust to begin with in order to have some basis for designing the equipment, and re counting to know that the equipment is working satisfactorily. The impinger or standard method is complicated, slow, expensive and poor for routine checking although it must be used as a standard for calibration. We, therefore, want a simple method, one that somebody not on industrial health expert can use sat isfactorily. Zeiss Konimeter is a satis factory instrument in the hands of the man who has hntl some training. The in strument is imported, is rather difficult to obtain, anti not too expensive, under $200,1 believe. Another instrument Is the Owens Jet do. They wear out due to the abra action of the dust. They cost a lo: money, and the cost usually cannot justified oo the grounds of impro work efficiency or quality of pniOccosional installations will Im- supporting. The Kelly trap ou r drilling hu been demonstrated to crease the cost per foot drilled but increased the drilling rate sufficier to offset the cost. Also in the c of air-conditioned rooms in which p celain enamel is sprayed, the expenair conditioning system can !- m. to control the dust and at thi time be made economically whiu-i reason of an improved quutiiv enameled surface. No doubt there many installations which have site demonstrated economy from otoer e- siderations than improvement lo twa: The point i wish to make is that improvement to health is too import order to asuiri introducing men whose condition makes them liable to an early break down on account of defects or which has been modified by Mr. rtaten of Harvard and Mr. Thompson associ ated with me in the American Mutual to to waste time trying to justify haust equipment upon economic erations. Where operations arc ?pr' di$et>es already present, or who may in make its operation simpler and more sat out over a great area, as in the ca=r fect others by spreading disease. isfactory, Thu apparatus was built foundries, it is difficult lo avoid rats- Proper diagnosis of such physical con specifically for use in checking the dust dust in the shakeout operation, exc-.pt ditions can only be accomplished by control apparatus in a large granite expensive mechanical installations- M having a medic d examination with x- shed, and is entirely satisfactory. Up to of those which have come to ny at'-1 r.'.ys of the chest, including us complete the present time I do nnt know that any tion have been installed for the ev-nvi -. ,!ii-<|ii-.i! and employment history of iiistromm> maker has undertaken to purpose of sand handling ami u< , ... '..t'slill If * . r.i ii-.-ii i.-:nri. ii. Imi , mainly .> ilrtnaml -iii-lt ca?es wr-rv far ft* no -a'1 M ull llpht lM ' iju-\' do not touch the niicrugrarm. Let us now look further to see whether some other remedies will be satisfactory. Suppose we leave the hazard alone and put respirators on the men. It won't work, except for very short periods or for emergency work, such as cleaning ,,ui dust arresters or loading tumbling l>,irrci*. There should be no question .,),,.iit efficient respirators because the ''t.:'.-'1- s,3,#! Bureau of Mines is nun prrparod to make tests and an employer ;.m justifiably limit his purchase to res- (iiruiors which meet these tests. Even ihoujrh respirators may I* efficient, they ,irc uncomfortable, and while it is not a hardship fur a man Jo wear a respirator temporarily, or even for a week perha| iIumhu a period nl breakdown in the dust Happy Feet i'vit.ii!i system. I cannot conceive ot` mirknun remaining cnntrnicd if they h,uv in wear respirators continuously (nr a long period. If they need to wear them and don't wear them properly they might just as well not have them on at all. In operations which can be confined' ft has often been wid that a man is mi better than hia feet. Mangled, bruised, broken or smashed tbes and feet not only take a man ofT ` the job, but cost real money in compensation, medical and other tn n limited space, such as sand blasting direct and indirect costs. In ad* and perhaps shaking out some type* of dition such injuries reduce the rastin^, the workers can be"Ra?M in morale of fellow workmen and helmets provided with an adequate sup* slow down production. plv of clean air. The air-iine helmet is practical for continuous use. while a filter respirator is practical for only limited periods. If the dust is extremely heavy, sav 300 million particles of quartz, and a respirator is 98 per cent rfiVient. the* worker is still breathing six milli.ii- particles, which i too much. Tftnk ..f respirators preferably to sttl>pli-mvm exhaust systems. What else can wv do to get rid f the You can protect your workers* feet by instating they wear Lehigh Safety Shoes with the improved steel liox safely toe. Their feet will Iw happy feet, protected again*! injury and further--iaihigh Shoe* urn built fur comfort, durability ami appearance. EVERY-DAY WORK SHOES Ho. tit > Bfuli Elk Biuchrr, Leather Sol, and Rubber Hl. Ho, UH -- At Abort. Except Chrome Leather Middle Sole. Armv Grift Rubber Sole and Rub. ber Heel. Sriel ).|i EE dust hazard? The first to suggest itself is to get rid of the silica content In the dust. I know of one group of foundries LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO. which is conducting extensive research 31S. SEVENTH ST. ALLENTOWN, PA. involving the use of molding sands that in- fn-t* of quartz. Thai may prove in be thoriiugiiiv practical and is a step in the 'ism direction. Any plant can study iu operations to see whether the quartz mn'erta! that is being used can be tlimi* FEPALTJN JInli-Slip Treads Aim llrimznluit. Alttninlini and lYieitfutt nated. Castings in some cases can be c,tn| with water. Blasting can be <kme frequently with steel grit instead of PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS Mnri. rertainly foundries can use silica* free parting compound that is just as good ;i> quari2 dust. Silica packing thmii.i i*. replaced in annealing opera* linn*. Pulverized quartz is not needed 55 -in abrasive. This is one avenue of '"ntrui which should have thorough lludv in each individual case. Even though you get rid of quartz A hard OMtal OMrria into which is can an sbraic neat in hsrdnsaa M dm diamond uauni durability and anti-dtp edteieney. AU AXE FIREPROOF Originalam and devaiapen of Abrativc metata for SAFE WALKWAYS Specify fWitd and Hr .'inft* AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. Irvington, New Jeraoy SKl'TFAtnER. 1935 I ! Reasons why ! CRD COjHDS are JfAAFE 1Cr*Cfri and RavCaad Sain and Hnll cantain* approti, natal/ 70% Mim catran. Tha CmIm it ivantd into toufh cord* to iBtiaw mr. bur cannot get rid of all dust, yon can do about getting rid ol f of it by conducting operations in manner as to minimite the rau dust. Explore your process, for in: and see how much residual dust l the horixootal beams, ledges, e; some plants that have not been ci for a long time this dust has been to lie at the angle of repose and !: bration of a passing truck would ifl enough dust in the air to be of r, serious hazard. This can be got .by a thoroughly practical means, as vacuum cleaning or blowing . with a jet of wet air or Meant, k Cord* tra plated in the tola ON-END to praaaat dipping. rators are satisfactory for the procr. of men doing the cleaning. GKO-CORD end RAW.COKD >olti tnd lifth mrt eteJ in deiriet. iron end iltti fonndnet. reilreed thupi, /(*<!, |*i tnJ titt` trie pitntt, iet end feti uelient, jtenr qnerriet, mintt, ftntrel rerehautet -- ehtrt Sefttr it n important feeter. [Non-Siip faanuaa raliaa* |g * Drain. 5* The high percentage e( cotton tatiM* haac and (Old. 6. CORD.ON-END aian cvihion COMFORT to tho ini. 8.m Flaaibitiir and tut in walking. NON.SLtP add* confidant* and tficiwict to tha waaaar. 9GRO.CORDS and RAW. CORDS guard again*! lott tisi* % aecidaota item dipping. 10. Sola warkan an ifltlant workan and in in dmaad. Now--before you have an accident U tha urn* to pucchaoa ihoaa that haaa GSOCORD or KAW.CORD tola* and hni* on than. Yotia week will ha a*arc pi*a**nc bocauaa el this addad teierjr. our *.tni&k<'at silti Annual Safety Congrata and Sxpoaltlan iiiiuth .to. 1*."brvwn Hoiai. Uouivl)t. Kjf,, October i*-lt, }*. The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co#, Dept. 7-7/ Lima/ 0. K-r tmnei ar r*waa-l*r u/*t*wi Wtt * Www* There is an economic value in item. It has been reported bv < plants which have improved their hi> keeping by this method and have step farther and brightened up factory rooms with paint and .v;*lighting that other accidents have reduced and work efficiently inc.-c; Certainly an extremely dusty place i.cates sloppy housekeeping. Housed' ing must be put on a periodic routine Dry processes will sometimes admit being charged to wet processes, or da processes. While dampness will not dust, moisture in the process will p vent the generation of dust in ma cases. Care must be exercised in in: preting this suggestion because water a high speed grinding wheel does r prevent the dust. One of the most sc ous silica health hazards Is wet grind: on natural sand stone wheels. The in dence to tuberculosis is high. Water artificial emery and carborundum whe? may or may not be beneficial. It i* p* mined in lieu of dust exhaust in :ii Im NON-S1IP SC one stale, but we are faced with <> opinion that these dusts are itarmlr 1 HEELS anyway, unless the volume is high. I worth depends upon getting the <l well below 100 million particles. Rubberized Fabric Link Mat Having done all the housekeeping process improvement that can be devi*- Thi Non-dip Safety Mat it especially designed fot industrial in lieu of exhaust, we are ondtuntf >|W -t* use where there it a slip haxard. In addition, they increase the with the question of whether there workers' efficiency as they reduce fatigue brought on by stand remains dust in sufficient quantum ing on concrete, brick, tile or herd flooring, Ideel for piecing some processes to make it neies^ry ' in front of machines end where wet conditions exist. remove it by mechanical exhaust. Heavy gelvenizcd wire with cadmium plated dipt end plates counts will tell the answer. Hand "i*fl ere used to prevent rust. Furnished in the1 to meet your require lions, such as molding, can be ments. Low m cost end long wearing. without raising much dust. Most flK ;jr Write today for prices end complete information. chanical operations which use or t*TM*' THE BUXBAUM COMPANY Alcron, Ohio ate dust must be exhausted. It seeios evitable that exhaust be used mi >*"' dingers, rock crushers, dry ,c- Albumin" th:u we have nut >' " *' * V jfciUf'** :>'lll,uu nrt* ucaiginnl, what * mUj, 1,^ done to make it work? I have jjid that they wear out. You must put dust counts on a routine basis as a check of the efficiency of the system. Whether vou use the Zeiss or the Owens' or the impinger doesn't matter. The system fmxi be explored constantly for leaks, the dust traps must be cleaned regularly, 2Itd the dust disposed of so that it won't bad: ir.ts the building. If the de sign contemplates returning the cleaned vr ip the building, extremely careful checking of it must be done in order that the hazard may not be compounded. It is poor practice to return the air to the building because operation is so often badly maintained. Who is responsible for a dust control program? The owners, through the managv'ment, are responsible for the provi sion of the equipment and the proper engineering to produce it. They have to spend the money and it is management's responsibility to see that it is spent properly. The initiative and the engi neering necessary to control the dust rest entirely with the management. It is not a hazard which can be controlledfb* efficient supervision and safe practices ilfoe. The supervisory department is rejfxmsibie for the housekeeping, safe prictices and shop methods. Some as signed members of the supervisory de triment are responsible for the maintrnanu- and operation of the dust re* mov.u r<jitipmeru and for the dust tounB used as a check on the system. If there over was a nice machine re quiring constant tuning, it is a dust re* tnuval system. It won't work without this attention. The workers carry a responsibility too. They must use the safeguards pro vided. whether they be respirators or poriaMe hoods to place behind hand tool? They must not stuff bags into duels in siop drafts. Dust control is a cooperative thing--each division carrym? its share of responsibility. Nobody an avoid his responsibility and make 'he thing work. . pi\\ ' .. .11- r_ Out of the Way Places t" When you make your next plant inspection, be sure to notice those more or leu out-of-theway drive belts, motors, shafting or other equipment that should he guarded, but that have been neglected, due to their location. It is a good policy to "protect every hazard even though tite chance of accident is seemingly small. It is real economy to protect your workers from possible injury and it is Safety Guard -Economy when you do so with !1 & K Guard Accessories. They are furnished ready for easy and quick assembly bv your handy man in his spare time. All H&K <7uird dr* mndtt impte* ticn ftrricf of UndmrTiifri* Lsbomori+f, h%t. Harrinqton & Kinq I Perforating I 'Co. 114 Liberty St. NEW YORK. N. Y. 5645 Fillmore St. CHICAGO. ILL. USE a UNION or COLUMBIA CARBOY 1NCLINATOR for the SAFE and EASY wav lo pour acids and chemicals frum carboys or small and medium size drums. A Correction Through an error in the caption accompanying the illustration on page 11 of the August National Safety News. mi P. Sloan, Jr., president of Gen-Minors Corporation, was referred Q s vice-president of the corporation. SEPTK.MUEK. 1933 A tried and * proved device __ attractively priced. Sold on money.hack guarantee. Send for a completely illus trated and di*crip*iv,* bulle tin giving lull particular.- and price*. THE INCLINATOR COMPANT-f.o. sox sm-mimnsapous, mink.