Document pppG1EjLjEaegy66y7aYoa1qE

COO 10 0 0/ i % a i 0^. I HISTORICAL REPORTS ON DEFENSE PRODUCTION kcKJki imO.29 MISCELLANEOUS METALS AND MINERALS History of the Miscellaneous Metals and Minerals Division of the National Production Authority June 15, 1953 `i i U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMM ' NATIONAL PRODUCTION AUTHORITY WASHINGTON 25, 0. C. ? *: i ,1 i l- ttr tv e l # n M I!' .ft \ i! o r' HISTORICAL REPORTS ON DEFENSE PRODUCTION EXPLANATORY NOTE Early in 1951, tha President requested the Director of the Bureau of the Budget to establish a Fadaral Defense History Program for the agencies engaged in emergency actirities following the Korean crisis of June 1950.1 The purpose of this program V-! i was to prepare for the guidance of officials in the event of future emergency a use ful record covering the experience of each of the defence agenciea concerned with some particular aspect of the current mobilization program. a.. f - .i' . . <*aww w a* ntl i..ay.i l'um a.*CfrU o wn .*'V i Uitas -^t ^Uu. U.i it.wiUe siiv i * penance of two oi these agencies: The National Production Authority end the De fense Production Administration.*' Collectively, these reports provide a substantial body of reference materials about the major aspects of NPA-DPA operations. In dividually, the reports contain, in varying degrees of detail and in. varying degrees of adequacy, the basic facts about particular functions, programs and activities of the two agencies. Tha individual reports in this series fall into three general groups: Joint CPA-NPA Repot v*. DIM Reports, ani Reports. Three copies of ench report, complete with text and documentary Appendices, were prepared. Oie of these copies is on file with the library of the Bureau of the Budget, and two copies are on file with The National Archives where they are available for permanent reference. The text of each report, without the appendix material, has been reproduced to meet two needs: First, those of peace-time mobilization planning officials; and second, those of operating officials in the ever.: ' ...'oi'. > O of copies adequate to fill these needs has. been plac'd m th' library 'f nff;-. of Defense Ibbilisstion. Since the reports are intended "For Official Use Only," no other distribution of copies has been made. A number of points should be kept in mind by officials maxing use of the.e ma terials: 1. The. series dues ,.ot include an over-til integrated analysis or critical evaluation of DPA-NPA operations. This was not undertaken because en adequate, qualified staff wee not available, and beceuee it wee necessary to bring the histor ical program to conclusion before all especte of the Defense Production Program had bean completed. However, in tha case of several DPA Offices and NPA Bureaus, the reports originally submitted by their divisions have been brought together into a single office or bureau report. This was done to give a more unified and integrated account of operations in the area concerned. 2. Several important Brest ere not adequately covered, including: The Office of the DPA-NPA Administrator; the Office of Construction snd Resources Expsnsion, DPA;- the Office of Production, DPA; the area of International Activities, DPA;. end, this area of Poet-Attack Production, DPA. 3. Tha period covered varies from report to report. In all case*, they begin with the inception of the function treated and extend through n arbitrary rut-off date, either late in 1952 or early in 1953. The reports thus cover pnmsrily the period in which orgenizstionel and operational problem were moat serious, but they *Lattr, Hw hwiimt, u Fradarick J. Laatea, Dinctnr, Fbtuu of tha Dudgol. January 29, 19S1. ^Supa takaa to iaylawaat tka Praaidaat'a yrofraa by DPA and NPA aro Indlcatad In tha following docuaonlo Lsttor, Maaly Flotdchwaaa, DPA-NPA Adaialatratra, to Fradarick J. Laoton, Diractor, fiaroau of tha Ihtdgot, Aamial II, 1951; Maworaadaw. Kaarr H. Foalar, CPA.NPA Adanmatraior, to Haifa of all fPA-NPA Offltaa and Rurooaa, Jaaa 9. 1952. For a full account of tha DPA-NPA Hlatnry Prograay aar Raporl No. 3 (Caacutlaa Sarrotary'a Offiro) la thta aariaa. ! * n :r W*1 t (i I v- rv c V* i i \ * -2- n arely lit tha stage tor the reorganisation and decontrol aetiona initiated eariy in 19S3. 4. Tha raporta vara praparad by operating oftieiala and hanea tand to rafiact tha viaoa of tha operating office or division. Authorship of aach individual report is indicated in the aamorandua of transuittal which ia hare reproduced along with tha text. No atteupt aaa uada by this office to substantially raviaa the individual raporta aa aubautted h the varioue divisions and offieaa. Ohly ainor editorial chaugas aud -i.d reapact to t.ha iura ot presentation vara aaoa. iioaetar. share appropriate, tha reports vara reviewed and corrected for legal accuracy by the Office of tha General Counsel. Classified naterial vas delated frou tha text, but any ot tha official copies, especially tha Appendices, filad with Tha National Archives, contain a side, variety of classified docusieata. 5. Special attention ia called to the Appendices, aost of which contain basic docuaents relating to general policies and prograas, and to general nd special onerating procedures. Footnote reference* to these materials are carried in the lex. of the report* aa a guide to the documents vnich are readily available for uae at The National Archives. I Although the reports in this aeries are liaitsd to the extant indicated above, it ia hoped that they will prova useful to those who nay be charged with tha respon sibility of defense planning, and with actual aobitiaation in the event of a future national emergency. Additional source* of information for use in this connection will be found aaong the permanent records of tha two agamies, ana iu hc :ti-i im ports expected to result from the Federal Defaaae History Prugiaa. --lewrss O GtOMt 4. AUX1CR, Executive Secretary Defease Production Administration and National Production Authority f* a !5 i i* 4 3 I -`-i <7 f* r* ~ z b ^ <a*- cS- a-1 Historical Reporta on Defense Production Joint NPA-DPA Reports NPA Reports--Con. Ne. No. r, 1 Organisation (or Defense Production 25 Metals md Minerals Bireau Operations 2 Adainietrative Management 26 Aluniium and Magnssiun 3 Expediting and Dacunenting Executive 27 Copper Acticna 28 Iran and Steal /: a Public 'r.rores.- :- Policies ard Pre- graaa 99 UjwrMis--1 U-rala .iw* 30 Salvage 4 5 Production and Distribution Control* 6 Econoauc 3tatiatica in Dafanse Mobili- 31 Tin, Lead md Zinc 32 Qimical, Bibber and Forest Products aation Bureau Operations 33 Ownicals DPA Reporta 34 Containers md PacVrging | 7 Altnimsa Facilitioa Expvision for De 35 Luaber and Wood rroducts 36 Printing and Publishing fense 37 Pulp, Papar and Paperboard 8 Expansion of Facilities for Defense1 9 Legal and Legist atire Activities 38 Bibber 39 Industrial and Agricultural Equipnent 10 International Activities* Bireau Operations 11 Labor Participation in Defense Produc 40 Agricultural Machinal y md lap te tion nants 12 Mobilisation Base Policy and Prograa 41 vxnstructian Machinery Developnent o 13 Production Policy and E^sditing1 42 Electrical Equipnmt 43 Biginaa and tVvbinea 14 Conservation of Materials-in Dafanse 44 Gsnsral Coaqxinents Production 45 Gaaaral Industrial Equipamat I 15 Proofing for Defense Productioo 46 Metaluorking E?iirrrnt 47 Mining Machinery - NPA Rsparts 48 Motor Vehicles 1 49 Railroad Equipnent y.T 16 Assuring Equity in ths AAsinistrstion of Control Orders and Hegulaticxis 50 Textile, Leather md Specialty Equip nmt Bureau Operations I 17 bforoenent of Program Through AUnistrative Adversary Proceedinga 51 Aircraft 52 Cemamicationa Equipnent 18 Legal, Gog)Wanea and Enforconant, and Legislative Liaison Activities 53 Consiaaar Durable Goods 54 Electrmics iV 19 Consultation With Industry 55 leather md Leather Praduom 20 Samll Business in Defense Production 56 Mdtian Picture and Riotographic 21 Maintaining the Civilian Econcaty for Products Dafanse 57 Ordqmce and Shipbuilding 22 Labor Participation in Production for 58 Scientific md Technical Eipiip- !1 Dafanse 23 Facilities and Construction 24 Early Organisation for Industry eleva tions amt 59 Service Equipment 60 Textiles 61 Water Resources 3 1 Bavaria as! srasaaaaS, Osslss Is asiisssl Svssivss salr> 62 Policy and Progrm Coordination 63 Field Service Activities w (V) -No I \ 1* | ?fl >.:r MMOHAIDUM January 31, 1953 TO! Mr. Oaorga V. Auxlar Xsaoutlva Sacntaxy, HPA MM: Harry B. Bbarpa, Dayuty Dlxtotor Mlacallaaaoua Mitall and Mlnarals Dtrlaion, IPA SOBJICT: "titcry of Klicallanoou* ttatali and Klairali DiTialon Za accor&aaoa vlth your saaoraadua of July 21, 1952, bam yrayarad a history of this Dlrlslon coloring tha principal actlrltlas froa ita Inception through ttaa flrat part of 1953* It &. writes oar principal asalcaasts aod tha problaaa IutoIt*! in iMalitirlai oar responsibilities Curiae that period. Bo history vaa orlttea by John 1. Btalahauar with tha aaslataaca of way of tha specialists and othar aembari of this Dlrtaloa. \c I I 6 mmmm 1 Tabla of Contents rn Paa Z. Organisation and Tractions....................................................... 1 Background ............. .. Asslgnant of Materials aaA Prodaota to tka D&vlsloa Staffing Protolana.................................................................. DaraloyaiaBt of OontroXa ....................................................... 5. i. tHlistepnt of CoHlttaaa .......... rt: Controlled Matarlala Plan ......... BstabUsbnrat of Branobss aaA Sections................. ..... . X 2 3 3 a ? 3 ZZ. ASbastoa and Piteous Qlaaa ..... 7 Cteynotlla Aabaatoa...................................... 7 Action Mm ............................................................................. 8 * lann--nrtatlona..............................................................................10 Aaoslte Aatoaatoa........................................................................ 10 ; Crooldollta Aabaatoa ...................................................... 11 i Plbroos Qlaaa................................ 11 ZS. BarrUlaa.............................................................................................. 13 o Daserlptlon ...................................... 'O OSa................................................................................................ ....... CoaolaaloQ........................... la IT. Cartan and Artificial Oraphlte Prodacta ....................................... 17 * Caftan Bte'strodea........................... 17 Orapblta naetxodas ............ 17 Special Molded Oraphlte Prodaota............................ ..... . IB Position of Protelag industry ......... 18 Tarnation of an Industry Advisory fXnmtttea .... IB r Allocation................................................. 19 lapwt ................................................................. 21 Oraphlte Bagulreaaato bp MaUOsa 22 tepanalon goals..............................................................................22 kQoalM of Protection Paollltlaa ....................................... 23 Otbar Carbon and Oraphlte Prodaota............................ . 23 T. Cryollta . 23 Occurrence and Oaaa ...................................................................23 Shortage and MaUy........................... 23 larly Oontfola on Crpollta........................................... 23 (Mar M-99 . . . .............................................................26 3 1 to (Mar M-99....................................... ..... . nth (Mar M-99.................................................. W abt* Cft CH ST Q i* M K a- l!?t = TaMa of Contenta (continued) b c ** A tn ** h* * Kt* - ? H i 58 ST - o *K S ?i Order H-99 aa Jtoatei 8epteaber lfl,1952........................ Omani Problem of 8upply ..................................................... Conelualona and li: n-- ndatlona......................................... TI. fluorspar........................................................................................ Or.-m-ai*:{* and 1<n*............................................................................... Jarti(i....................................................................... Dlraetlva liditiaN ..................................................................... Uimlsa from Stockpile . ......................................... ..... Drralopnaot of Control Order* ............................................... Conelualona ud mnimandatlona........ notary of Frio* Action* ..................................................... TIT, da** tad Carnalc Product*............................................................ QUh.................................................................................. Pottery .............................................. Controlled Material*................................................................. HZ. Industrial IManonds........................................................................ Daecriytlon and See ................................................................. 8qlir .................................................... Dmlnyant of Inrentory and Bequiranente Sat* Monthly Bapcrtiag Prograa ..................................................... Modification by the Cartel of Certain Price and Distribution Policies........................................................... Infornal Distribution ........................................................... Industrial ffl aarmda industry AdriaoryCoaasittee ... Basalts of tte Infamal Distribution frogtan sad Industry Trends................................... ...... ZZ. Mica..................................................................................................... Description................................... Aetintlsa................................................................................... X. Batumi Oraphlte.............................. Madagascar Cruelbla Orads yiabaGraphite .......................... Ooylon Anorphoue Oragfalte .............................................. Other Orspbltes ....................................................................... Cruelbla Industry ............. ZI. Platlam............................................................................................... 28 29 30 33 33 33 36 36 37 39 39 *0 *2 *5 1*3 ^5 A6 48 fc9 50 50 52 57 57 58 65 65 68 70 71 73 & - `1 a i Table of Contents (continued) XQ. Bare Sarthe .................................................................................. *1 Description of tie Material........................... 81 Looatlonof Beaoorobs .................................................................81 Dses . 81 Beoent Develofnente .................................................................82 Cooelnsloa ............... 8t mi. Ruv* '**** 85 Description...................................... 8? Beeson tar Shortage ................................................................. 8$ Activities aad Official lotions ........................................... 86 XZT. Belealf........................................................................................ 89 "i" ^ Character of tie Mcterlal 89 Sources....................................................................................... 89 8199X7 ............................................................................................ 90 OMI.............................................................................................90 Shortageof Material................................................................... 91 Controls ............................................................ 91 Consents ...................................................................................92 XT. ConelneIon............... . 95 1 \ X \ I \ Si XV > / v V I -1i. mcAMimiga abb manias k k k ? ,iikti:k,-Xi s k k k k ,,ll4. *\ I V.:-.i-f;. The Miscellaneous Hitala and Minerals Division was Included In tba plans for the Rational Production Authority whan that agency was established. Officially, however. Its operations did not begin until Its bud jet was established on July 11, 1951. Mr. F. H. Hayes was appointed as the first director of the Copper Division and was also responsible for t.Vie Msrfvnnu.'.'' that were mnsidered as the Miscellaneous Metals and Miner als Division. He continued in this oapeoity until April b, 19iu. when Mr. Harry B. Sharpe was appointed as acting director of the new Misoe11ansous Metals and Minerals Division. Mr. Sharpe was well qualified for this position, having baton assistant to the director of the Miscellaneous Minerals Division of the War Production Board and having governmental responsibility for these assignments during nost of the Interim period. He becasM Deputy Director on October 4, 1951, when Mr. Will tun A. White,Sr. vas appointed to the position of Director. Mr. White had had exceptionally broad experlenoa in industry including the production and processing of minerals, as wall as a broad knowledge of their occurrence and neat. During World War I he was associated with the War Trade and War Industries Board, especially in cosqriLling the Tungsten Report. From 1943 to 194 he was Adnlnlstratlve Director of Union Mines Development, Union C-erbld* end o Carbon Corporation, operating a seeret Government contract with the Man hattan Project (now tba Atomic Energy Commiaionj evaiusuiag wwrld. resources of a strategic metal. He continued as director until Catcher 1, 1952, when the assignments of the Tin, Leed and Zlno Division vers consol idated with ours end Mr, Ervin Vogelsang became director of the combined division. Mr. Vogelsang was particularly well qualified ror this assign ment, being familiar with the operations of both government, end industry. During World War II he was Director of the Tin, Leed and Zinc Division of tbs War Production Board and has continued to have governmental responsi bility fer those assignments. Prior to World War IT he was active In various phases of tbs non-ferrous metals end minerals industries. &> This Division is responsible for mors than 100 aotlve assign, which Includes practically all the metals end minerals exoept those assigned to the other three metals divisions end In turn they are oovsrsd In other parte of the history of RPA. The eseignmenta and rsaponlbUltlee of trie Division ere similar to those of the former Miscellane ous Minerals Division of the War Production Board. The letter agency w succeeded by the Civilian Production Administration on Rovember 2, 1945, and, at that time, our present assignments were placed in the bends of lb. F, E, Heyes as Director of the Minerals Division. Under hie able guidance the prableme diminished and the responsibility for the assign ments passed through the Offloe of Liquidation end the Offioe of Miterlalr Distribution into the Offioe of Industry end Cooseroe in the Department of Pi--me. The problems that (developed after World War II end prior to the 'i Korean oonflict were comparatively minor and lb* Hayes was able to handle w t 1! MDA0 0 1 ;tr uj m t r , - fc r - !? m r* * /-c r i .2- them with a skeleton force and with the benefit of ckiHed advice from specialists who were maintained on a consultant basis. /" k 5 * *M r* iimpwMnt Of Materials and Products to the Division Officials of tha Division worked closely with th Dl^loxon of Product Assignments In dsterminlng our assignments and responsibilities, It is important that all minerals, no matter how Beamingly unimportant they may be, should be definitely assigned to a particular division and t.h* limits of *.h x-?oonaiHliti* dearly defined. Some 300 mineral products were here with the expectation that only a raw woulu become sufficiently critical to justify careful study or to need def inite control. The feet that many of these metals and minerals are of foreign origin imposes an additional problam that becomes particularly serious in times of emergency. The assignments ware confined to mater ials wherever it was practical to do so. In some cases, it was not daslrable or satisfactory to divide the responsibility between the raw !W*and the end products, with the result that some manufactured product# were also assigned to this Division. Such assignments Include some ceramic and glass products, asbestos products, fiber glass, and artificial graphite end carbon products. An Inter-agency question developed as tu the area of respon I sibility for the production of minerals. Officials of this Division met with officials of the Department of the Interxux auu agreea u:v. Defense Minerals Administration in the Department of Interior should be responsible for the production of minerals, and that the responsi 'I bility should generally carry through the first stage of prooessing. This resulted in the issuanoe by Rational Production Authority of Delegation 5, which conferred to Defense Minerals Administration neeersary authority t; ir**clop r. plan for the expansion ef mineral production, ana dafined the limit of tlieir authority in processing the ores. An important factor in making this decision was that the manufao- -re- m_`er --rxr.. rdr-ir-g v*rr. ir ssTr" en.e. the makers of tha surface equipment used in the early stage of processing. In many cases, "surfaos equipment" could not be generally defined as distinct from "underground equipment" and by combining the asslgnmants in 'ru agency, the manufacturers could present their problems and obtain assistance more readily. \ V r -o f The following chapters represent the story of many critical and strategic metals and minerals and the pert they have played in building up our defense and the actual Implements of war. Rev uses have been developed largely through the urgency of our defense effort and many of our asslgmenta have moved from a Relatively obscure place in the industrial realm to the erltloal list of most needed items. The materials, almost without uxoeptlon, are little known to moat people but they are basic industrial materials, upon which depend many of the end products vhloh ere so familiar to the general publlo. \ i --3-- Staffing Problsms Ths problems confronting the Division continued to siount through 1951 and It became extremely important that ooqwtant halp be obtained as rapidly aa possible. Baoauaa moat of the assignments are so highly epwoial- iaad that fav people are faidliar with the general or detailed probleae encountered In handling then, it waa a oontlnucrus problea until long after the other divisions were fully staffed. By the end of 1951 approximately 50 people were alloyed In the Division and were becoming acquainted with tin Tarl'*'- hat- had 'developed, but the services of specialists 1a acne fields were still lacking. The better supply of noet netais during 1952 was refleeted to eons extent In the assignments of this Division. Shortages In the supply of metals assigned to the Tin, Lead and Zinc Division had almost entirely disappeared and for a more efficient opera tion of the two divisions they were eeafainad on October 1, 1952. As the problem became lighter it was apparent that some of the penonnol was no longer needed and substantial redactions vers made during late 1952 and c-rl? 1953. The lack of specialists. however, was severely felt during the imtlre period. Derelonaent of Controls Meet of the assignments In this Division represent industries consisting of. or dominated by, one or a very few ooapanles. It has been desirable, therefore, to discuss the Indiviuoal pxvbxeeu of aicii industry end give such Informal assistant as waa deemed necessary without the formality of actually issuing controlling orders. In other oases, it bas been neoeasary to Institute oontrols and the following orders have been lssnedt Ho4 - Platinum M-66 - Artificial Graphite and Carbon Electrodes M-91 - Selenium M-96 - Spinning Grades oi Ghryaotlle Asbestos fiber .V;7 - -I,.;----- -- H-1Q2 - Crashing Bort,Diamond Powder or Dust and unclaimed Diamond Material Particular prnblmas necessitating the Issuance of each of the above orders are dlseussedi In detail in following parts of this history and ooples of each of these orders are attached. The lade of similarity between these orders should be noted. It is Indicative of the various types of problems encountered In this Division. The orders themselves are a cross section of every type of meterlal conservation order that has been issued during this emergency. lasing of meterlal shortages caused study to be given to the lightening of some of the restrictions loosed by these orders. O ft r v* X o I 1 I -4- Sstabllnhment o<~ Conaltteee The need tor advice from Industry could bast be oat by ectubllsing Industry Advisory Conmrittees. Careful consideration was given to the membership of these cosed ttees and the advice given by them was valuable In planning actions and controls over the various industries they represented. Through this medium the Industries were also kept Informed of policies, regulations and actions of the Rational Production Authority, with regard to matters relating to their particular field. U--j. JA - j , , .--*. S4 VvsaA v ntar V*r*"** * <*4 tsfl - Advice was sollci too Trom the smn&er.'i concerning methods of Increasing stringent supplies and controlling moat effectively the distribution of most materials. The following Advisory Consulttees were established: Artificial Graphite Producers Asbestos Fibre & Textile Manufacturers Automatic Machine Made Glass Tumbler, Table, Kitchen and CcThJ-g W?** Built-Up Mica Manufacturers Carbon Brush Manufacturers Condenser Mfrn. A End-Use Raw Mica Fabricators Custom Raw Mica Fabricators Frit Manufacturers Graphite Crucible Manufacturers Handmade Stem, Table and Art Glassware Industrial Diamonds Kyxnlte and ttilllte Mica Import*ra Natural Graphite Importers-Processors Platinum Selenium Producers Seml-VItreous Dlnnervare Steatite Electrical Poroelaln Technical, Scientific, HIumlnoting and Industrial Clacswure Vitrified Chlnawaro The recmauandations of these cosmilttees were very Important In developing controls of H types and In many cases, we were able to avoid formal control actions through the cooperation of the counittees or their individual members. The activities, objectives and accomplishments of these' oomltteeB are discussed at length In the Individual coanodlty reports which comprise ensuing parts of this history. To Insure a oooplete understanding by other government agencies of proposed controls and other pending actions, a Division Requirements Covdttee was established In June 1951. It has not been necessary to call a meeting of the entire conalttee but all Interested bombers have been regularly called together for meetings on Cryolite and on Selenium. Details conoemlng these meetings are discussed in appropriate parts of I this history. \ MHOM*. if.- f *, ~ * t rr* ~? m .ft * *r-- r, V' \ x -c \ i TTJ <0 JI :aOU'*i -5- tn addition to thaaa conmrittees, personal contacts ware main tained with most of the other government agencies. Harmonious relations were maintained at all times for the mutual exchange of data The advice obtained from these specified souroes has been valuable and care oho'ild be exercised to continue the usefulness of their services. ^D a 0 0i - i l ... S' ij 5 sr IDs CfflttftUtd tfctgrliiD flan Ths diversified asBig&j&ents In this Division include tvoire itess deseed "B* product# under the Controllsd Materials Flan* - - * t 7*'"' wri^iatl a'*ylicaticn3 fc-* r1 p received. After carefully screening these applications we haw alloted about 3900 tons of oaifcoa steel, 75 tons of a.'lcy steel, 175,000 pounds of stainless steel, 700,000 pounds of Brass tftxl 'viprwr, 230,000 pounds of Wire Mill copper, 1,500,000 pounds of Foundry copper and 150,000 pounds of Aluminum to then per quarter. In eaoh code the amount of controlled materials used was small whan compared with the other materials needad, or when ootqpared with the value of the finished products. The Defers* Production dndnltretlon, through Its Require- aaats Ccoalttee, recognised that fact and supplied us with the necessary materials to moot our manufacturing needs. Questions arose concerning the "B" product classif1cation of soma 1tarns, but. In each oasa, tha benefit of tha doubt was given in favor of the manufacturer and the applications were prooessed in regular manner. In no oasa was a manu facturer forced to shut down or curtail his operations because of the lack of an allotment of oontrolled materials. The prooeaure allowing *elf-oertlflcation reduced our nn&ar of original applications to 2Z ror the second quarter of 1953. ft --St- ErtatiUitoamV of BnntiMa iafl atfitiw The diversifioation of assignaants necessitated a large ,f Tuskxtr of operating sections within the Division. A total of 13 sec tions were establish#! and in nearly every oase the problems snd % responsibilities were entirely different and apart from those of tha other sections. The seotlons, however, wear* grouped into two operating v branches as shown In tha aeooqpaaylng ohart, Tha transfer of tha assignments oi ine former Tin, Lean and Zlno Division into this Division on October.1, 1952 neoeesltated ohangas within the Division. The old operating ''ranohes and sections were terminated and one new operating branch established whloh included three new sections. The old stations became unite within the newly areated tactions. Actually, the unit chiefs continued to maintain dose oontaet with the Offloe of the Director. To perform neoeesary staff services within the Division, the Program and Requirements Branch was established with the responsibility for all programing and statistical activities within the Division, as wall as to aOdnlatsr all 90, tax amortisation, loans. Industrial expansion and priority sotions, and to perform necessary services for tbs various ooamdttsee. J 7 |3 7 f Jj " o ! -7- ~ tt , P II. ASBESTOS AND FIBROUS CLASS In tatting up tha Asbastc: and flbroua Glaaa Section, the deter mining factor for aaalgning thaaa product# to tha aana Saatlon was tha I interchangeability of thaaa natarlola In tha alaotrloal and tharmal insuletlon flalda, Along tha raaponsibilitiaa of thla Section, whoaa activities covered not onij the basic natarlola, but also tha many diversified and products febrioa'.ed froa thaaa mat*rials, vara tha following! t>'*epu.',u reports on Loan Applications l*rp-i;g reports on Requests . jr iajc ajuon.izat.iuii \\V Priority Aaslatance Directive Aaslatance Assembling Supply and Requirement data Rendering informal assistance to both Government agenda! and Industry members Iren befoie tha Section was astab11shad, a shortage of spinning grades of asbestos tied already developed, brought about mainly by increased requirements of tha military. This in turn was due to tha accelerated naval 1 and air force programs, as these two branches of tha services are the major -o consumers of products fabricated from bolii asbestos and fibrous glass. I Therefore, our inasdiate problem was to ascertain tha extent of this shortage and to taka whatever steps were s supply and requirement positions Into balance. Slue each of the bed: types of asbestos and fibrous glass presented individual problems, tha manner la which they ware handled la shown in tha discussion of tha *arlous types, which follows. BarrartUa .AabcBtw la) Strategic grades - Rhodesian C & G 1 and C & G 2. This is a fibrous mineral oocqtosad of ailioon, magnesium, oxygen and Iqrdrogen, formed as an alteration product in serpentina rook. Because of Its low iron content. It is used almost exclusively in the manufacture of tape and roving for use in production of Wavy cable and other alaotrloal products. To a much lesser extant, it la also used in tha manufacture of Wavy types B and D doth, for usa where high temperatures are involved. These grades of asbestos are mined in Southern Rhodesia, the sola producer being Tumei'rllewall, Ltd. of London, England. In addition to tha Rhodesian source of supply, there is a limited tonnage of low-iron ohrysotile mined in the Globe area of Arisons. Flans are now being developed by DMFA to expand the Arisons operations. (b) Canadian ohrysotile (Spinning grades) Canadian ohrysotile asbestos fiber has s higher iron oontent than the Rhodesian fiber, and is therefore unsulted for use in Wavy cable end other high grade alaotrloal Insulation. The main usee of Canadian fiber ere in the production of yarn, tape, and textile*, friction materials, packings gaskets, wieking, stc. Tha main uouro* *I U: noU .ce, i t is doe to th . q u a lity o f th a d o c w e a V ^. b e -n o f i i a a d . __________________' / / Z.Q/ *"1J -6- of supply is in the Thatford Hinas araa of tha Prorlnoe of Quabeo. Other dapoaits ara at Asbestos, Quebec, and there ars soattarad deposits through out tha antira prorlnoea of Ontario and Quabac. An sxtensire daposit was reoamtly diaoorarad in British Coltnfeia, and a Bill and othsr fadlitias ara now baing araotad, which, it is estimated, will produoa free 6,000 to 10,000 tons of spinning flbar annually. Preliminary tasts of this fibar indloata it to ba of low iron oontant, and it nay prows to ba of stockpile quality. potion taken In order to gat an aoourata picture of tha lnrantory, supply and production patterns, wa lnitiatad a reporting font through tha Burasu of Mlnaa, Fem 6-1212X, antltlad "Report on Asbestos Taztilas and Ctai7aotila Asbestos Fiber.* This report was sent cc all users of raoard, and tha information gained therefrom gars ur exact figures as to ii-a i'eduction of the industry fy 1950 d the first six months of 1951, as wall as the lnrantory position, receipts, and ocms.mgrtion of fibar for those periods. In order to attaapt to raoonoila tha shortage of fiber with tbs increase In raqulraants, wo took luilata steps to limit tha as of strategic and spinning grades of ohrysotila asbaatoe to those and uses ooesldarad moat aaeantial. To assist us in formulating this policy, wa established tha Asbestos Fiber and Textile Murnfaetirrer* Tndn Adrisory Comdttee, oca^oaad of tha following Industry mashers t A. J. Scanlon, Amorinan Asbestos Textile Corporation lorristown, PannsylTanls John G. Sehoapf, Astan-Hill Manufacturing Coopery rhlladalphia, Fenasylranie C. H. Carlough, Carolina Asbastoe flropany Daridson, Worth Carolina R. J. Hinkle, Tha Garloak Packing Compan* Palmyra, Saw fork. Frank J. Uaksa, Johns-Hunrilla Corporation Saw Twirl;, V. T. Ernest Miahlack, Keasbey ft Mittiaoa Coapasgr Ambler, Pannaylrania J. A. Bettes,Jr. ,Rayfeeato#-Muifaettan, Ina. Hsnheim, Pamsylrania Ooatan Walters, Tha ftnaaall Hfg. Middletown, Ccneetlout no I a ) i -9- George S. Fabel, Southern Asbestos Company Charlotte, North Carolina T. C. McCluskey, Tollman-Moduskey Fabrics Company Kirkwood, Missouri R. E. Cryor, Union Asbestos & Rubber Company Chicago, Illinois * *^*Jr^**2 v ^>'4Q+ +w** Rev York, H.Y. C,cqmy*\yw This committee was called In July 1951,to discuss the general situation. It was decided .to postpone any definite action until further consideration could be given as to what steps should be token* The coaslttee was again called In October 1951, by which tine a proposed order Uniting the uses of strategic and spinning grades of chrysotile fiber had baas ret up ir draft Further discussion with industry naobers and representatives of the military resulted In the issuance, of KPA Order M-96, which became effective February 1, 1952. This ordgr hqe unquestionably been of great valne In channeling the strategic and spinning gradss of chrysotils asbestos fiber into the most essential end uses. In addition to limiting the use of these grades of fiber to certain end uses, the order also restricted the manufacture e? a limited use of end products to percentages of a base period. This latter restric tion was in effect a ooaqpromlae between the thinking of the "dietary, who favored complete elimination of these items (theatre safety ' <rt.lnr, gun oarers, ironing board oarers, passenger ear woven broke Urjjjgi leem than 1/4 Inch thick by 2 Inches wide, and oil, burner vleking) tnd the thinking of the industry eastern who felt that no restrictions need be placed ct these items. Respite the favorable effects -f Order M-96, It became apparent in the Spring of 1952 that the Havy requirements for lagging doth oould not be net with the supply of fiber that was available to American industry. A third meeting of the Industry Advisory Coandttee was called In May 1952 for the purpose of examining the defense requirements in the light of +he total problems cf the Industry, and to see what action oould be taken to meet these requirements. One of the Industry meters had developed a ooefclnetion yana. In which staple glass fiber was substituted for approximately 20% of-tba. asbestos fiber content, and sasqiles of Havy typos B and D doth had already been submitted for testing to the Haval Research station at Annapolis. At this meeting, the Havy agreed to aoeapt this type of doth providing It passed the tests. It was deoided that the levy requirements could be met by the acceptance of this oortilnetlon doth. Ve were subsequently advised that this material had been approved by tbs Haval Researoh station, and tha Industry was so advised. Zb addition to the Asbestos Fiber and Textile Mumfaoturers Industry Advisory Committee, the following Industry Advisory Cosmdtteee ware also set up: 15 5 * 5i e >~ X -o v. I ;V>!-;--; ;V^ M . ^ ' \ ., Jl> '.; >.- ?.! -10- 8*)t Msgnasl* Mvnufacturera feobanlcal Packings and Gaskets Manufacturers Friction feterials Manufacturers Asbestos-Cement Producers It was not necessary to call any of those four condtteaa in, as there were no problaaa of rufflelent Importance to neoassltate suoh action. 1. Slnoe present supply is Inadequate for actual requirements, assistance through DM1A and DMPA is urged where necessary to bring in new deposits and to present known deposits. 2. In the event of full mobilisation, complete alloca tion should be ontf-littod, puttered after the system of allocation usad In World War II undar VFB Orders K-79 and M-283. 3. Continued research on removing the iron content of Canadian fiber to permit its substitution for Rhodesian fiber in the manufacture of insulation. 4. Negotiations through high levels to secure a larger allocation of Rhodesian chrysotUe for Government purchase for the stockpile. ^wwHte teheed This type of asbestos, which is a ferrous magnesias silicate, la the preferred type for the manufacture of turbine blankets and other forms of ferine insulation. Its one superior property is resilience and regain of loftiness after exposure to water. In the lower gradea, K-l and below, the chief use is in the production of 85% magnesia insulation. Amoelte has been in very short supply for a motor of years. While the supply at the mines in the Onion of South Africa has been Increasing since World War II, the sole supplier, Cape Asbestos Co^Msy of London, bglaad, have been diverting their supply of fiber to their own manufacturing plants and to the world market, with a resultant deareaae In ahipmaote to this country. It has beooas neoessary for the 85% fegrssia Industry to stfbctltato Canadian fiber, In aome oasea, as high as 50% of their mix beoauee of their Inability to get Aaoalte. Amarloan Industry Is now using the strateglo grade# of Aaoalte only for Military and usa itema. Tho Kavy has an approved apacification for turbine blanket# using fibrous glass Instead of Aaoalte, and although the ooet of the glass Is several times that of asbestos,It may beooas necessary, In the event the supply of Amosits continues to dwindle, to resort to the use of glass fibers for this purpose. if 5 li it * &:t x. t<, -o i ~* i - r 5 h^ o : sm u\i iO.a f i ls5< 9 -& *S -? - \ I ;^ ^ ? 3 -r\ I -n- Thar* are no controls on Amosite at preosnt, but it is now proposed to amend KPA Ordar H-96 to rastrlot tha usa of tha strategic grades for tha production of military and usa items only. This will, In affect, sake mandatory what tha industry is already doing, but such action is fall neocosary in vie-' of th* nhert supply of A-oelte Fiber. Proaldollta Asbestos Crocldollte, or blue asbestos, is a silicate of iron and sodium. Tha outstanding advantage of this type of fiber is its high resistance to acids and alkalies, which makes it superior for certain trpes piling and gasketing material. It is also used extensively as a filter siiusu `1'here are two souruao oi supply - T.u: Till-.. cf South Africa, from which we receive all of our sujply for industrial and coaasrdal use) and Bolivia, from which we reoeive tha stockpile grade. The Bolivian fiber is being purchased only for the stockpile and for ua*> by tha Army Chemical Corps for production of gas mask filters. The South African crocldollte has presented no problem to data, *a tha supply has bean adequate. The production of Bolivian erooidolite has not been sufficient to meet all requirements, and discussions have been held with other agencies to promote expansion of present lining facilities as wall as axplorstlon of new resources. Action is, at present, delayed on this matter because of the internal situation in Bolivia. V A' -o ii There have been no controls placeJ crs:ii)l't* c->cs*cr to date, nor are any dawned necessary, due to the fact that the Unit.** States Government la the sole purchaser of the strategic Bolivian fiber, and there has been no shortage of the African fiber. nviffBn qimb Fibrous glass, for which military uses were established during Aj World War II, was in short supply at the outsat of tha Korean oonfliot. These usee are - (1) as e substitute for Kapok fiber in the manufacture of life belts, (2) electrloal insulation for Kavy and other electric cable, (j) thermal insulation for aircraft, (4) as an extender for asbestos fiber in tha production of Kavy lagging cloth, (5) as a substi tute for amoslte fiber in the production of Kavy felt. The Fibrous Glass Industry, re00gaining tha increasing requirements for their products, had already started expanding, ana It became tha duty and responsibility of this Section to saslat the metfcers of this Industry through priorities assistance, and consideration of the various applica tions for tax amortisation and loan applications which were filed by mwd ra of this Industry. In order to bring this expansion up to require ments, an expansion goal was finally established by OPA fer the Fibrous Glass Industry covering the two main products, continuous filament textile fiber and superfine fiber. -32- In setting up this expansion goal, requirements were promisee on the total military and essential civilian needs through a period embracing total mobiileation. Because of liw fact that the basic fiber producers do not fabricate many of the end use products, many of the requirements included in essential civilian figures are in reality military requirements. The information required to establish the expansion goal figures was secured (l) from the anticipated requirements of the military as established by the Hmltiona Board and (2) from actual sales figures furnished to this Section by the leading mashers rtf t,H* TTvtoi**7--. The total requirements, as eat forth in Expansion Goal Ho.116, are 96,400,000 pounds of oontlnuous filament end 18,300,000 pounds of superfine annually. IXie to the expansion of faculties already unders Ween by Industry mashers, plus new facilities which hare one Into the picture as a result of Government assistance, both of these goals have bean met. Ho controls were placed on fibrous glass, although it was neoessary several tines in 1951 to place directives on industry meters to secure certain military requirements within a specified tine. It is now felt that this industry will be able to handle ell foreseeable requlrenents without further expansion. Rev materials used in the production of fibrous glass are all of domestic origin, and therefore hove presented no problems. (--, /6 "T / / *, O l? 3^ *tn jo AiTiPrtb ' <n mnp