Document ppLjbxwMGbmvqeyJv28ekYXn7

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1957 DOC#: NSC081 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Transactions of the NSC - Vols. 1-30 with Notes 1957 ionten-: NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL OFFICERS p. 5-11 SAFETY EXPOSITION EXHIBITORS p. 55-63 AVIA"ION SECTION OFFICERS p. 32-35 CEMENr AND QUARRY OFFICERS p. 11 C O N T R O L LIN G U EALTH HAZARDS IN A CHEMICAL PLANT p. 9- Sect ior p r ii.T ;: i = , f i b r e * i t Pus!: : . 10 S (Ti 1 C i i _I.'ING IN THE AIR WE BREATHE p. .1-32 (Chemical Secticr.) c..*c -ep ir at or s , asbesxcs tust, silicosis, t o u c dusts, pneumoc on ios is p. 13 ? respirators p. 15 * films p. 24 r asbestos curtain p. 26 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TOXIC: CHEMICALS p. 44-51 (Chemical Section) CHEMICAL SECTION, OFFICERS p. 57 COAL MINING SECTION OFFICERS p. 41-43 CONS~RL'C'-!ON SECTION OFFICERS p. 74, 75 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OFFICERS AND PUBLIC UTILITIES p. 42-46 FARM SAFETY OFFICERS p. 30, 31 FERTILIZER SECTION OFFICERS p. 22, 23 FCOD, MEATuCPnACK>ING TRADES, OFFICERS p. 59-63 GLASS, CEiWhlCSj RUBBER, OFF ICEPS p. S I -34 (Raybestos Manhattan " H O M E 3AFE7y "50NFERENCE p. 5B INDUSTRIAL SAFETY - A.S.S.E. OFFICERS p. 108-110 ---- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CONTROL THROUGH ENGINEERING p. 11-12 (Labor Safety Section) i dust, industrial poisons LABOR'S STAKE IN SAFETY p. 16-21 occupat ional disease p. IS silicosis p. 13 pneumoconiosis p. 19 asbestos and lung cancer p. 20 -AEOF. lONFEPENGE OFFICERS p. 34, 35 MARITIME .MARINE) OFFICERS p. 51-54 METALS SECTION (AUTOMOTIVE, MACHINE, POWER PRESS) OFFICERS p. 3134 INCENTIVE AWARDS FOR GOOD SAFETY RECORDS vMining Section) Asbestos Corporation Limited p. 20-23 IN THE MINING INDUSTRY MINING SECTION OFFICERS MOTOR TRANSPORTATION p. 53, 50 5 r NEW "RENOS IN OCCUPATIONAL - E l.~K PROGRAMS p. 14-17 5 1 1 i CO 3 1 3 p 14 r - o r k m e n 's comp p. 14 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING SECTION OFFICERS p. 19 PETROLEUM SECTION OFFICERS p. 49, 50 -RINTING, PUBLISHING SECTION OFFICERS p. 23 PULP AND PAPER SECTION OFFICERS p. 61-63 RAILROAD SECTION OFFICERS p. 33-34 SCHOOL AND COLLEGE SAFETY OFFICERS p. 122-125 TRAFFIC SAFETY -OFFICERS p. 67 TRANSIT ctiON. OFFICERS p. 29 WOOD, T E C T ltE O F F IC E R S p. 3-46 Nj L l ot m , Utrtft UJ IV: ^ O : __ frlr^ c J jt iAtia iA u a u i ly p0>4b r*.a . i w . __ d<rv u j ^ ' w . f u / i L i / v t ____ O I L* lu a lr , AA f fa v j L t X s . _ tO A M U _ A ft/v fr')jH<y- r t i d L ___ J tflL . A ih U i l l :___l^ k t d f L ^ . wju _ ._ fli/d f Aalrtohr* w r (CU*4t*__ S___ <Oi*:.Lo W} iu ^ Ha L tfi ll * X o i r i * h 4 'i a * ' lU _ * _ ____ _|,0 ____ o / t i , //K lKn t \ _ 0 lA .& _ib4_________ <vwi'U a _____________ ._ ^ _*$4 <*-. ; %l/v i - R * u l r t v h r ^ rw j> _ o v u V ^ r v ___< |^ ^ U l M * __. ^4f>ob* 4/i/^7 m H .... 6a. U a h a l a ____ <Ai / _____________( 1 (j *7 ) 1 Afl ( r t s Ir o A i'/ m a /> 4 4 ____ o . ( t i lr/i fy 4 j 4 - 2- ^ ___________________ ^_____ \ p C (i*4 ) A / ^ t O \ ..... * , / t i ( ) M f c > 9 t i . _ ! ........... A A fcV ____ (JJU_1.) VOjO^A4,Vv lA tfts l .. ^<rv___ f c a tK . * f f * ' K * k m ) ^ v'6-c4 .................... ^ l 3 4 V n (l^l) t h p n t h J \ f f y * .L ,J[- .... f^ -A k thx. flfaOAlr J * * iL o ih \ > v l J M M - uy^M rtb aJ? c h a t t e l f b k t A I j - U C ._o-*>- ( i ^ f f w Q l i / U . * * / t o f c a j n y ____________ ______ _ ____________ ____ <joOa i* -h . s ^ t e t ^ r v Q i U t y :a y r * ^ __ ,S* (m i) ." ^ f t x / v t / ()*U* <nrt i* y t i 14 -- . QuIa ' -* i A4 y-. ) t I RRENT SAFETY TOPICS f Volume I ID F I L E RfJOM NEWARK PUBLIC LIBRARY i . G\ I GENERAL SESSIONS \ * .*i^'h' \ ' I Tram actions o f the I 4 5 th N ational Safety Congress ( - 2 5 , 1 9 &t i C h ic a g a fflty -'-1 /V /i n " f /i / V / i r k 000335 ) CONTENTS Officer, Trustees, and Board of D irectors................................................................ 5 AN N U A L CO U N CIL M EETIN G Minutes .................................................................................................................................. 12 In v o c a tio n ....................................................................... Dr. Paul Mlnnlch Robinson IS The President's R e p o rt.....................................................................N ed H . Dearborn 14 1958 N ational Safety G ood Turn................................................. W arren M elan d 19 W omen In Industry................................................................ Mrs. Gertrude H . Ftese 20 Keynote A d d ress......................................................... M ajor G eneral B. K . Young 25 ANNUAL BANQUET Banquet A d d ress..................................... . . . Honorable W illia m G . Stratton 29 Award Presentation..........................................................................Paul G . Hoffm an 33 W O M EN 'S ACTIVITIES O ur Role in Safety Lea d e rsh ip .............................................Mrs. Raymond Sayre 37 Time for D ecisio n ........................................................................W illia m G . Johnson 38 The Traffic Problem ............................................................................... James D. H ill 41 Fundamentals of Hom e S a fe ly A c tiv itie s . . . . . . . . Miss Eunice Heyw ood 51 The Philosophy of the Beaded S h o e s............................. Charles W . Ferguson 52 Safety Exposition Exhibitors .................... Ip 2 l to all Current S a fe ty T o p ics volumes. I I ) LEARNING TO LIVE Learning to live--safely--was tire drawing card which brought more limn 13,000 men and women from the United States and 27 other countries to Chicago for the 45lh National Safety Congress. These people gathered to exchange the latest ideas in safe attitudes, safe methods and safe equipment. Through speeches, panel discussions and symposiums, they acquired new ideas for helping others--and themselves--to live, work, and play safely. This was the reason the National Safety Council was organized less than half a century ago, a time when man's thoughts barely kept pace with the industrial revolution. Since then, tnan lias introduced an atomic age which is bringing the continents closer and has made the earth a smaller woiM. And now man anticipates inter-space travel ! Through science and technology, man is prog cssing to increasing sprcd.i in travel and production, and increasing dangers--new dangers never bcluic encountered. These, in addition to the everyday hazards of life, occupied the thoughts of the safety people at the Congress. To encourage more widespread knowledge of the various fields of safety, the National Safety Council publishes the Current Safety Topics--30 volumes of condensations of Congress speeches and exchanges of ideas. Each volu ic is a handy reference to different phases of accident prevention. The contpl ic set of volumes are listed on the back page or each volume. Since the proceedings have been edited anil condensed for reference purposes, the complete original manuscripts with a*iy charts or illustrations used, are available in the | National Safety Council files. Views expressed at the Congress or in any volume of Current^ Safety Topics are those of thr Congress participants, and not necessarily th.ose of the National Safety Council.* 3 National j Safety Council OFFICERS Chairman, Board o f Directors--W alt F. Carey, Automobile Car rier Inc., Flint, Mich. V iet Chairman, Board o f Direclort--Dr. Lowell B. F isher, Presi dent, North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, University o f Illinois, Urbana, III. President--N ed H . Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Cliicago, III. Vice-President fo r Farms--Kirk Fox, Editor, Successful Farming, Meredith Publishing Co., Des Moines, Iowa. Vice-President fo r Finance, and Treasurer--W illiam II. Lowr, Treasurer, Inland Steel Co., Chicago, III. Vice-President fo r Homes--D r. George M. W heatley, Third Vice President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co, New York, N. Y. Vice-President fo r Industry--Gerard O. Griffin, Director of Safety, Dravo Corp, Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa Vice-President for Labor--P. L. SiiMiy.ru, General Vice 1'rrwiltnl International Association of Mrchiuists, Chicago, III. Vice-President for Local Safely Organisations--W alter K. Koch, President, Mountain Slates Telephone and Telegraph Co , Denver Colo. Vice-President fo r Membership--Edward C. M vkms. Vice-President, United States Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-President fo r Public Information--C harles W. F erguson, Senior Editor, The Reader's Digest, I'leasantvillc, N. Y. Vice-President fo r Schools and Colleges--Dr. Lowell B. F isher (Also Vice-Chairman of Board; spe above). Vice-President fo r Traffic and Transportation--E. J. B uhner, C h a ir m an o f th e Board, Silver Fleet M otor Express, In c , Louisville, Ky. Vice-President fo r Women's Aetiv'ties--Miss Marion E. M artin, Commissioner of Labor and Indus'ry, Stale of Maine, Augusta, Me. j Executive Vice-President--G. C. Stewart, Executive Vice-President, National Safety Council, Chicago,till. Secretary--R. L. Forney, Secretary, National Safety Council, Ciiicago. III. Assistant Treasurers---Buford B. b cCuLLOctl, President, Bureau of Safety, Inc., Chicago, III. J. D. F ulford, Director, Treasury Bureau, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. t fiTW 5 National Safety Council TRUSTEES Chairman o f the Trustee!--W. S. S. Rodgers, Former Chairman, The Texas Company, New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman o f flit T rutlret--Jonn S tii.wkii, Yonkers, N. Y. Srerelary o f the Trustee!--N u U, Dramiorn, President, National Salety Council, Chicago, III. Members i M elvin H. Baker, Chairman, Board of Directors, National Gypsum I Company, Buffalo, N. Y. I J ames B. Black, Chairman, Board of Directors, Pacific Gas and ! Electric Co., San Francisco, Calif. i S. Bruce Black, Chairm an, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, I Boston. Mass. I W alter F. Carev, President, Automobile Carriers Inc., Flint, Mich. I ( Ex-Officio). I C ason J. Callaway, Blue Springs Farms, Hamilton, Ga. I W illiam G. C handler, President, Scripps-Howard Supply Co., New I . York, N. Y. a '. Charles R. Cox, President, Kennecott Copper Corp, New York, f N. Y. 5 I I Cleo F. Craig, Member, Executive Committee, American Telephone I 8: Telegraph Co., New York, N. Y. j W alter J. Cum m ings, Chairman, Board of Directors, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Co., Chicago, 111. j H arlow H . C urtice. President, General Motors Corp, General I Motors Bldg, Detroit, Mich. 1 N ei> II. DEARiioaN, President, National Safely Council, Chicago, III, ( lix-O flicio). I R ichard K. D euiree, Chairman, Board of Directors, Procter and I Gamble Co, Cincinnati, Ohio. I J. Doyle DeW itt, President, The Travelers, Hartford, Conn. j Morse G. Dial, President, Union Carbide Corp, New York, N. Y. I E. F. du P ont, Director, Employee Relations Dept, E. I. du Pont de I Nemours 4 C o, Inc, Wilmington, Del. \ 6 ] i National Safety Council (Trustees, continued) F rederic W. Eck , President,! Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. New York. N. Y. \ Benjam in F. F airless, President, American Iron & Steel Institute. New York, N. Y. * Calvin F ix n e u , Jr, Cliairman, Allstate Insurance Co., Skokie, III. Fia n c ii J. Gavin. Chnirinan, B oard o l D irectors, G reat N orthern Railway Co., St. Paul, Minn. E. Roland H arriman, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., New York, N. Y. C lifford F. H ood, President, United States Steel Corp., P iitrburgh, Pa. Joseth L. Lanier, President, West Point Manufacturing Co., West Point, Ga. George E. Leichty, Chairman, Board of Directors, Railway Labor Executives' Assn., Washington, D. C. Ray D. M urphy, Chairman, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United Stales, New York, N. Y. T. S. P etersen, President, Standard Oil Co. of California, San Fi .h icisco, Calif. s G wilym A. P rice, President and Chairman, Westinghouse Electric s Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. i { W alt P. ReOther, Vice President, American Federation of Labor- I Congress of Industrial Organizations, Detroit, Midi. I W. S. S. Rodgers, Former Chairman, The Texas Co., New York. I N. Y. 5s Edward L. Shea, Chairman, Ethyl Corp., New York, N. Y. i H erbert E. Smith, Fortner Chairman, United States Rubber Co., i . New York, N."Y. e " John Stilwsll, Yonkers, N. Y. Arthur E. SroonARJt Infittident. Union Pacific Railroad Co., Omaha, Ncbr. ** J Dr. John F. T hompson, Ciurmimi, The International Nickd Co, Inc, New York, N. Y. ' Kenneth C. T owe, Chairni in, N.Y. yaiumid OipWcw YortC"""*" J uan T. T rippe, President, New York, N. Y. World AiArays System, C. E. W ilson, Birmingham, Koiiert W. WooDRUtE, Chair Co, Atlanta, Ga. 000338 Committee, The Coca-Cola ) National Safety Council 3 i National ' Safety Council O O O f ' .i!) `Btfrif'^o/Ifjreclors, contili i.tt BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman o f Ihi Board o f Directors--W alt F. Caret, President, Automobile Carriers Inc., Flint, Mich. Vice-Chairman o f the Board o f Directors--Da. Lowell B. F isher, President, North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, University of Illinois, Urbatta, III. Members Frank R. A iilgren, Editor, The Commercial Appeal, Memphis, Term. I. T. Blalock, Vice President, Pacific Indemnity Co., Los Angeles, Calif. T. N. Boate, Manager, Accident Prevention Dept., Association of Casualty and Surely Cos., New York, N. Y. I It No*man E. Borcerson, Deputy Superintendent, Stale Dept, of Public Instruction, Lansing, Mich. Al. E. Brown, Vice-President and Regional Director for the West Coasl, United Paperinakcrs and Papcrworkers, Portland, Ore. E. J. Buhner, Chairman o f the Board, Silver Fleet Motor Express, Inc., Louisville, Ky, Robert R. Burton, Vice-President, Kenyon & Eckhardt, Inc., Chi ! cago, III. Ai.frlu W. Cantwell, National Director Safety Services. The American National Red Cross, Washington, D. C. W alter F. Carev, President, Automobile Carriers Inc., Flint, Mich. I Dr. A. L. Chapm an, Chief, Division of Special Health Services, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C. Dr. Zenas R. Clark, Administrative Assistant, Wilmington Public ! Schools, Wilmington, Del. John M. Converv, Employee Relations Division, National Association i i>i Manufacturers. New York, N. Y. M. R. Darlington, J r , Managing Director, Inter-Industry Highway ? Safety Committee. Washington, D. C. J. B. D avies, Assistant Vice-President, Industrial Products Group. Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. t V 8 Neo H. Dearborn, President, Rational Safety Council, Chicago, III. H enry B. D upfus, Administrator, Accident Prevention, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, IV E. F. du P ont, Director, Employee Relations Dept., E, 1. du Pout de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. W allace Falvey, ' President, Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. C. M. F erguson, Administrator, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. C harles W. Ferguson, Senior Editor, The Readers Digest, Ph-asantville, N. Y. R. H. F erguson, Assistant Director of Industrial Relations, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. i D*. Lowei.i. B. F isher, President, North Central u ' leges and Secondary Schools, University of IlliirC ! ! K irk F o s . E d ito r, "SiH ees'dul |-.,fiiic*i;, M -i* * 1 I Dcs Moines, la. z Mrs. Gertrude H . P ulse, Assistant to Vice President and Ccitci.il f Manager, New York Telephone Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. 3I Gerard O. G riffin, Director of Safety, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa. S. W. GrIMU, Managing Director, Pacific Coast Association ol Pulp and Paper Manufacturers, Portland, Ore. P aul E. G u s s u , Pompano Beach, Fla. R. P. H amilton, Superintendent of Safely, St. Louis-San Framisco Railway Co., St. Louis, Mo. J. P. HiGHTOWER, Lfirector, Transportation and Safety, The Grcyhound Corp., ChIicago, III. Stani.ey C. H ope, President, Esso Standard Oil Co., New York. N. Y. I iiiottcr. A. J acoiiy, Director |of Personnel Relations, General Motors Corp., Detroit. Midi. I Newell R. J ohnson, C.cncr I Manager, American Mutual Insurance W alter K. Koch, Prsider!, Mountain Stales Telephone and Tele graph Co., Denver, Colo. I t 9 National Safety Council (Board of DSrJcMHt'tonimHtd) D aliror W. Kralovec, Assistant Director in Charge of Safety, The Board o f Education, Philadelphia, Pa. Franklin M. Kreml, Director, Transportation Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, III. E dmond H . L eave, President, International Telephone and Tele graph Corp., New York, N. Y. E. VV. L eh m an n , Prof. Emeritus, Urbana, (II. W illiam H. Lowe, Treasurer, Inland Steel Co., Chicago, III. E C. McF adden, Vice President, Texas Employers' Insurance Assn., Dallas, Texas. H arold G. MANCELsuoar, Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) New York, N. Y. Miss Marion E. Martin, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, State of Maine, Augusta, Maine. I. W. M illard, Chairman of the Board, Industrial Gloves Co., Dan ville, III. Edward C. M yers, Assistant Vice President, U. S. Steel Corp., P itts burgh, Pa. Gu L. N oble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and,. Girls Club Work, Chicago, III. H enry E. North, Vice-President, Metropolitan Lile Insurance Co., San Francisco, Calif. Clifton W . P iialen, Executive Vice-President, American Telephone and Telegraph, New York, N. Y. Mrs. I vy Baker P riest, Treasurer of the United Slates, Treasury Dept., Washington, D. C. A. V. Rohweder, Superintendent of Safety and Welfare, Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway Co., Duluth, Minn. Robert T. Ross, Manager, Employee Service; Industrial Relations, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich. Mrs. R aymond Sayre, Ackworth, Iowa. A. J. Schwantes, Head of Dept, of Agricultural Engineering, Uni versity of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. H arry S ee. National Legislative Representative, Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, Washington, D. C. Louis U. S a n u , Editor, The O m la m l Press, Cleveland, Ohio. P. L. SiEMILLER, General Vice-Presidenl, International Association >if Machinisis, Chicago, lit. Re.uben D. S iverson, Manager, Ocpl. of Manufacliirc and Industrial Development, Chamber of Commerce of the United State, Wash ington, D, C. J. L. Si Snkaii, J r., President, Consolidated ITcightways, Inc., Mndo Park! Calif. L eslie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago, Chirago, 1. H erman J. S boerer, Vice-President, Industrial Relations, The Vnnnc town Sheet and Tube Co., Youngstown, Ohio. A. E. S pottke, Vice-Frcsident, Allstate Insurance Co, Sk'/li.-, HI : G. C. Stewart, Executive Vice President. National Safit\ t o. il. I Chicago, III. W alter A. Stewart, Trustee and former President, American Optical Co., Southbridge, Mass. ArtiiuR E. Stoddard, President, Union Pacific Railroad Co., Omaha, Nebr. i Col W . L. T ums, Assistant for Ground Safety, DCS/Personnel, I I n , U. S. Air Force, Washington, D. C. Lloyd Utter, Director, Industrial Health and Safety Division, Uniiril Automobile Workers, Detroit, Mich. Donald G. Vaucbmn, Secretary, Aetna Casually and Surety Co. Hartford, Conn. v .. Mas. Georcc W elles, J r., Dulutlj, Minn. Dr. Georcc M. W heatley, T hitd Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. V R. S. W ilson, Executive Vice-President, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co, Akron, Ohio. J W. O. W il s o n , Manager of Safety, Standard Oil Co. (Ind.), Chi cago, 111. Dr. W illiam P. Yant, Director f Research, Mine Safely Appliances Co, John T. Ryan Memorial laboratory, Pittsburgh r'a. I ) OFFICERS OF THE W O M EN 'S ACTIVITIES CO N FEREN CE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 I; I' (A Safety Exposition Exhibitors Acme Protection Equipm ent C o , South Haven, Mich. Industrial gas masks, chemicals and accessories)1 Advance Gtove Mfg. C o , D etroit, Mich. Work gloves. Chairman and Ficr-Prriirfrnf--MARION E. M ARTIN, Commissioner o f Labor and In dustry, State of Maine, Augusta, Maine. Aetna Casualty & Surety C o , H artford, Conn. Safety educational aids and services including Aetna Drivotrainer. yict-Chairman--MRS. RAYMOND SAYRE, chairman. Women's Committee, The P r e s i- ^ dent's Committee for Traffic Safety, Aclcworth, Iowa. Board Rt^restnlalivrt--MARION E. M A R TIN ; MRS. RAYMOND SA YRE; MRS. Atcron B rass Mfg. C o , I n c , W ooster, Ohio Fire hose nozzles and accessories. Alan W ood Steel C o , Conshohocken, Pa. Abrasive rolled steel floor plate. GERTRUDE FRESE, assistant to Vice-President, New York Telephone C o, Brooklyn, l N. Y .; HON IVY EAKF.R PPIF.ST. Treasurer of the United States, Washington J*| American Abrasives M etals C o , Irvington, N. J. Abrasive stair treads, threshold, door saddles and mm.slip coalings. V. O. MtinL r.-ol-Large--MRS. ALMER ARMSTRONG, coordinator. Organization Relation!,'] Indiana Farm Bureau Cooperative Assn, Indianapolis, Ind.; MRS. AGNES D. BEATON,? director. Women's Division, Automotive Safety Foundation, Washington, D. C ; MRS. O. A. BEECH, president. Beech A ircraft C orp, Wichita, Kan.; MRS. RAE V. BIESTER, superintendent. United States Mint, Philadelphia, P a.; HON. MAR G U ER ITE S. CHURCH, Congress of the United States, House of Representatives. Washington. D. C.; HON. FRANCES COOK, Justice of the Peace, Beaverton, Ore.; y M ISS DOROTHY DOWNS, assistant to J. O. Ilerbster, chief engineer. Firemen's .-l Mutual Insurance co. Providence, R. I.; MRS. G ERTRU D E F R E S E ; MRS. JEANjjj WOOD FULLER, director. Women's Activities, Federal Civil Defense Administration .'.American AUsafe C o, In c , Buffalo, N. Y. f t ' ; Drybrow the N ation's Sweat Band and Grecnline Emergency Release. American B iltrite R ubber C o , Chelsea, Mass. Rubber, composition and neoprene safety soles. American Chain & Cable C o , I n c , Bridgeport, Conn. : Sling chains and K uplex sling chain assemblies, w're rope slings ami .i-.ri.i own wire rope slings. American Industrial Safety Equipm ent C o , In c , Clc /claml, Ohio S^.. Face shields, goggles, gloves and mittens. ^.American L a F rance C o rp , Elm ira, N, Y. Fire apparatys am | fire fighting equipment. Battle Creek. Mich.; DR. LILLIAN M. GILBRETH , Montclair. N. ].; MRS. L. C GILMOUR, chairman. Women's division, Seattle-King County Safety Council, Seattle;.^ W ash.; MRS. ROBERT W. GUNDERSON, Rapid City. S. D .; BETTY GUNNING,'Station WJAR, Providence, R. I.; MRS. J. RAMSAY H ARRIS, Denver, Colo.; ' MRS. HELEN K. KNANDEL, educational consultant. Traffic Engineering and Safety [ American Optical C o , Southbridge, Mass. Head, eye and respiratory protective devices; safety clothing and safety ipecially products. . Autpco Metal, I n c , Milwaukee, W is. ' Non-sparking, corrosion-resistant safety tools. D ept, American Automobile Assn, Washington, D. C.; MRS. JO H N E. KRUEGER, - jjv- Ansul Chemical C o , M arinette, W is. Milwaukee, Wis.; MRS. DOROTHY McCULLOUGH LEE, chairman. Subversive *- Dry chemical fire protection equipment. Activities Control Board, Washington, D. C .; MRS. ALICE K. LEOPOLD, assistant to the Secretary of Labor, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C.; HON. $ Arcadia Mfg. C o , Birmingham, Mich. Plastic coated gloves and aprons for industry. GERALDINE MACELWANE, judge. Lucas County Common Picas Court, Toledo Ohio; MRS. WALTER V. MAGEE, Ohio Slate Safety Council, Lakewood, Ohio; Award Incentives, In c , New York, N. Y. ; Safety incentive award programs, emblems, plaqu and trophies. MARION E. M ARTIN; MRS. CARRIE NOE1.LING. vicc-picsl.lcnl. Home Safety & Women's Activities, Kansas City Safety Council. Kansas City, Mo.; HON. IVY BAKER PR IE ST ; EDITH RAMSAY, Home Equipment Editor. The American Homt. Ballymore C o , W est Chester, Pa. Rolling safety step ladders, movable work f.*, hydraulic lilt work platforms. .'ill* tifi .Uff New York, N. Y.; MRS. MARY G. ROEBLiNG, president, Trenton Trust Co, Tren ton. N. J .; MRS. RAYMOND SA Y R E; MRS. ALMA K. SCHNEIDER, superin li fiashlin, W . M , C o , Grove City, Pa. ( Linemen's and industrial safety equipment tendent, United States Mint, Denver, Colo.; MRS. MAMIE KENNEDY TAYLOR, I), Bausch & Lomb Optical C o , Rochester, N. Yjj Exe- 'ive Dept, Georgia Power Co, Atlanta, G a.; MRS. BERNICE T. VAN DER . Fv Safety glasses, O rtho-R aters and "T itan" safely 0003d 1 vr liber, Chicago Transit Board, Chicago Transit Authority, Chicago, IIL; Beltone H earing Aid C o , Chicago, 111. n MR .lUF.D YOUNGER. Los Angeles, Calif. U " Audiometers, hearing aid tests. I ) /<M7 AWinmi/ S t i f t i y CtmQt9.it * I The Beryllium Corp., Reading, Pa. Safely tools. . a Best. Alfred M. Co.. Inc., New York, N. Y. Safety publications. ty - Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa. Wire rope slings, standard and braided slings. BU-Ja*. Inc.. Archbold, Ohio Tubular steel scaffolding and equipment. Portable steel bleachers. Bomgardner Mlg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio Emergency stretchers, cols, first aid equipment, resuscitators and respirators. Bone Dry Mfg. Co., Neosho, Mo. Outdoor footwear. Boyer-Campbell Co., Detroit, Mich. Safety equipment for industry--individual protective equipment. Brady Co., W . H ., Milwaukee, Wis. Sell-slicking safety products, Perma-Code pipe makers. Breck, John H., Inc., Springfield, Mass. Industrial hand cleaner; hair and scalp preparations. Brett-Guard Co.. Englewood, N. J. Netv saw-guard combining safely with full work visibility. Brossard, Lester L., Co., Chicago, ID. Klear-Vu traffic m irrors and Klear-Vu traffic lane markers. Browne, Stewart R. Mlg. Co., Inc., New Y ork, N . Y. Electrical salety equipment, explosion-proof and vapor-proof portable inspec lites, explosion-proof flaslilites, grounding devices. Brutin & Co., Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. Floor treatments, cleaners, disinfectants, insecticides. Buffalo Fire Appliance Corp., Dayton, Ohio Portable fire extinguishers and fire department accessories. Buhrke, R. H., Co., Chicago, III. Occupational safety equipment and products for construction and maintenance. Bullard, E. D , Co., Sausalito, Calif. Industrial safety equipment. 1 Cambridge Rubber Co., Taneytown, Md. Non-slip safety soles, Vul-Cork and Vul-Cork Neoprene. Chance, A. B., Co., Centralia, Mo. Hot line maintenance tools and line construction tools. Charleston Rubber Co., Charleston, S. C. Lineman and industrial gloves, sleeves, aprons, safety devices. Chemical Corp., Springfield, Masa. Protective hand creams, cicaucis aitd lotions. Chicago Eye Shield Co., Chicago, IllHead and eye protective equipment. Chrysler f ' Detroit, Mich. "Chrysl ration--The Forw ard Look in Safety." 56 Clark, J. R., Co., Spring Park, Minn. ^.Industrial ladders. . Columbus Glove M t". Co., Columbus, Ohio , I'Coated gloves an^ ?prons. ' Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y. ^Alloy steel sling chains. ., Cunningham, M. E., Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety marking tools. Jelsjr Mlg. Co., Plym outh, Mich. '/IAir ride. ! avids Gloves. Inc., Springfield, Ohio *Safety gloves. avis Emergency Equipm ent Co., Inc., Newark, N. J. Respiratory protection, combustible gas indicators, safety and first aid equipment. ctex W atch Clock Corp., Chicago, III. i-Watclimen's clocks. MF DeWalt, Inc., Lancaster, F a. Radial arm woodworking equipment and safety features. VJIockson Corp., D etroit, Mich. Welding helmets, face shields, cup and spectacle type goggles, respirators and < savers. ; Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich. Safety solvents, germicides and insecticides. Dow Corning Corp., Midland, Mich. , Sight saver cleaning stations, shoe saver, safety shoes. Doyle Vacuum Cleaner Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 'i*,!.industrial vacuum clea!ners, scrubbers and polishers. Dunn Products, Chicago, III. S Protective clothing for industrial workers made iroin ,>.* Neoprene and (ire-proofed duck. asbestos, leather, rubber. .-Du Pont I. E., de Nemours |& Co., I n c , W ilmington, Del. Flame retardant for fabrics and paper, anti-slip floor waxes, protective crc-mis. Neoprene products. \ ' Eagle Mfg. Co., W ellsburg. W . Vsu Safety cans, oilers, oil and gasoline containers. . ( Edmont Mfg. Co., Coshocton, Ohio ,r ' , Coated fabric work gloves. Elkhart Brass Mfg. Co., Inc., EUchart, Ind. Fiie extinguishers, municipal and industrial bras'* goo Elliott Service Co., Inc., M ount Vernon, N . Y. ', Accident prevention displays, safety conference pr ;i Dullelin, suggestion system service. ,i Emerson, J. H., Co., Cambridge, Mass. Cotton, jersey, leather palm, all leather and p lasti' woi Fendall Co., Chicago. III. Head amt eye protection equipment. Supervisor's MYTelcly 00034.2 57 I9 f? National S o ftly Congrtts 1' '. Av ) S o f t l y /:./i i 'n Fibre-Metal Product* Co., Chester, Pa. Eye, head, and face protection and welding accessories. ' `\ Ijo o es ft Co., Rumford, R , I. sta Full vision visor goggles. Fine Organics, Inc., New York, N. Y. High flash, low toxicity safety solvents. '* . * Manes ft LaughUn Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. iJYlfe rope slings, wire rope. > Ford M otor Co.. Dearborn, Mich. ' l:ord automobiles. featuring Lifeguard steering wheels, sun visors, peat belts InstrsJ ment panel padding, and door latches. ' M Junkin Safety Appliance Co.. Inc., Louisville, Ky.< Power prees guards, grinding wheel eliielde, stretcher equipment. Dwtrfle Mfg. Co., Chicago, III. Frommelt Industries, Dubuque, Iowa / "``"Jety cans, oily w aste cans, safety electric lantern, flashlights and fire extinguishers. Portable welding shield and protective heat cloth. 1First Aid Supply Co., Chicago, III. a Fyr-Fyter Div., Fyr-Pyter Co., Dayton, Ohio ndustrial hospital equipment and medical supplies. Fire extinguishers, resuscitators and respirators. [elley Paint C o , Louisville, Ky. j General F ire Extinguishers Corp., S t Clair Shores, Mich. Convoy skid-proof safety enamel. Halt-fire barrier paint. Quick-Aid fire extinguishers and allied products. Car*tone View C o , Meadville, Pa. Glendale Optical Co., Inc., Valley Stream, N . Y. "Occupational and driver vision tests, lantern slide proieclors. Chippers and welders goggles, lace shields, safety spectacles. dde, W alter f t Co.. Inc., BellevUle, N. J. Globe Co., Grip-Strut Div., Chicago, III. j^Fue detecting and extinguishing equipment, ultrasonic burglar alarm. G i:n-Strut grating, stair tread materials. Gnnnell Co., Inc., Providence, R. I. Fixed pipe fire protection systems. Gro-Cord Rubber Co., Lima, Ohio Gro-Cord, Haw-Cord and Neo-Cord solet, heels and taps. Haws Drinking Paucet Co., Berkeley, Call!. Emergency eyewash fountains, emergency showers and goggle wash fountains. Hild Floor Machine Co., Inc., Chicago, III. Explosion-proof vacuum cleaners and floor machines. H y-Test Safety Shoes Div., International Shoe Co., St. Louis, Mo. Safety footwear; also conductive and special types for atomic usage. nball Safety Products C o , Cleveland, Ohio ^Personal protective devices lor industrial workers. ftfj'lfathiag Klein ft Sons, Chicago, III. Linemen's safety equipm ent and tools. | Knapp Bros. Shoe Mfg. C o rp , Brockton, Mass. Safety shoes. ,l jKunz, J , Glove C o , Chicago, 111. ' ' Linemen's, bridgcmeii's and welders' quality gloves. ' feeder Mfg. C o , In c , BriarcUff, N. Y. .pressurized dry chemical extinguishers. lie , W alter G., C o , I n c , New York, N. Y. jfSalety floor m aintenance materials, conductive coalings, static eliminators. Hygiene Research, Inc., New York, N. Y. Protective ointments and mistprooling cloth lor goggles, welding masks, windshield^! SleUgh Safety Shoe Co, Emmaus, Pa. as Leather and rubber safety footwear. _ Industrial Gloves Co., Danville, III. .ff Leather, asbestos, duck, wool, W oven-Gard, Perniaproof, and aluminized duck sodr Asbestos finger guards. '>.;<] iWoot C o , I n c , T he, N ew Y ork, N . Y. jj Shin cleansers--powdered, liquid, bar and waterless. Institute of Industrial Laundercrs, W ashington, D. C. Industrial launderers and cleaners. 'Lojan Emergency Showers, Glendale, Calif. y Industrial emergency showers, eye-wash fountains. iI'Lowery Brothers, I n c , Chicago, 11L, - > Insto-G as Corp., Detroit, Mich. * Wire rape splicing service. T orches and furnaces. luterntate Rubber Products Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. ilislco Co, In c , Minneapolis, Minn. ' | . Uaico audiometers for industrial hearing teating. Safety Traflieones for traffic coiitrol. ,', Hush & McLennan, In c , Chicago, III. tron Age Div., H. Childs & Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. s/i Insurance broker and ag neies. Linemen's ami women's leather and rubber industrial safety footwear. ... I r Htrtindale E lectric C o , Cl :veland. Ohio Jackson Products, A. .ir Reduction ctia, i cMs Co Div. of Air Reduction C o , In c , wanes, u Protective dust masks, eye protectors, lace shields. 3; trie lest ihsttuny-nls. Wto. -- ' Floor maintenca"nc"e*m--ateriaMls." 'sJ1- Joni.'c. ' --, Philadephia, Pa. uk g C e s , safety sleeves, hand guards. North P.V.C. gloves, Norik jftlM j., Thom, Safety Shoe D iv , New York, N. Y. ' Indi walClJ illvCS* pri clothing. 000343 m.t-V'- y Contftrsi ) ) SiifrtV /*.hihitot * trm ott, Julian A , C orp, R idfew ood, L . I.. N . Y. iriiing and safely lighting for municipal, industrial, utility and aviation ugf, onald. B. F., Co., Los Angeles, Calif, iliislrial safety equipment. ical Supply C o , Rockford, III. rtible unit aid, snake bite first aid, burn first aid. opoUtan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. veltd materials for use in community health and safety programs. ro Switch, Di*. of Minncapolis-Honeywcll Regulator C o , Freeport, III. lety interlock switches and electric controls for power machines. burn Co., Detroit, Mich. ly skin protective creams, ply garb safety and protective clothing, plygloves plasl coated work gloves, ply waterless hand cleaner. " tersen Engineering Co., Santa Clara, Calif. "`ngo tension wire stringer, Pengo earth augers ami other constitution equipment for the utility industry. leer Rubber C o , W illard, Ohio loves; all kinds, liquid proof. linic Instrument, In c , New York, N. Y. 'rUi1v'er testing and training equipment and visual aids fo^g driver and traffic safety. ve Safety Mfg. C o , Cleveland, Ohio " wee press guards. ie State Product C o , Chicago, IU. ` and electrical safety and directional signs. tH igreH Industries, In c , Norwood, R. I. goggles. Her Equipment C o , In c , Franklin, Pa. .inemen't safely belts, straps accessories and industrial safely belts. tectoseal C o , Chicago, 111. ire prevention equipment (or flammable solvents. ne Safety Appliance C o , Pittsburgh, Pa. rifely equipment for every industry. Btsman, Ted Defrosto Mirrors, In c , Lynwood, Calif. jDe-Icer truck mirrors. itional Medical Supply C o , Chicago, lit. Industrial first aid supplies equipment and instruments. Jhilmosan Safety Equipm ent C orp, Brooklyn, N. Y. ^.Respirators, eve protection, helmets, protective clothing, asbestos and leather glu -o-Plasber Mfg. C o , Burbank, Calif. Industrial, traffic emergency flashing signals. Putnam Rolling L adder C o , In c , New York, N . Y. Reinforced plastic and extension and single ladders, and oak rolling ladders. ewco Mlg. C o, In c , K ansas City, Mo. Wire rope fittings, safety books, load protectors. Pyrene--C-O-Two D lv , The F yr-F yter C o , Newark, N. J. Carbon dioxide and dry chemical extinguisher s and systems. Suv 1 . ew Castle Battery Mfg. C o , New Castle, Pa. School crossing signals. j ! Racine Glove C o , In c , Rio, Wis. .Gloves, apparel, protective equipment--leather, asbestos, and steel reinforced. Ilchols Engineering C o , Chicago, 111. Steel, unloading and tank car w ork platforms. xdiator Specialty Co., Charlotte, N. C. V i-C o n e rubber traffic guitjes. lolifier Mlg. C o , Lincoln, Neb. Fire detection, sprinkler supervisory, watchman tour, municipal alarm systems. olph Laboratories, In c , Chicago, IU. pjCrrbon dioxide fire extinguishers, dry chemicals on autom atic systems. Occupational H aaards, Cleveland, Ohio Publishers. Onox. In c , San Francisco, Calif. Onox Skin Toughcner and Footmats lor A thlete's Foot. Osborn Mfg. C o rp , W arsaw, Ind. Safely Pliers and longs lor feeding punch presses. ijRseca Wooden Sole Shoe C o , Columbus, N eb. J JyVWooden sole safety boots, shoes, and sandals. gel Textile C o rp , Industrial Gloves D lv , N ew Y ork, N . Y. ^Industrial work gloves. Rockwood Sprinkler C o , W orcester, Mass. ^Automatic fire protection systems; sprinklers, w aterlog, fogfoam ami foam. ; Mfg. C o, Denver, Colo. Osy-Catalyst, In c , Wayne, Pa. Catalytic purifiers for controlling CO and other automotive exhaust fumes. Pae-KIt C o, Greenwich, Conn. (...Industrial safety equipment. ' {Safeguard Mfg. C o , Woodbury, Conn. , Modern press guards. Unit type first aid equipment. Packwood, G. H , Mfg* C o , St. Louts, Mo. Safety industrial skirt cleaners and dispensers. jkEalety Box Toe C o , Boston, Mass. Safety steel Iocs. .n Wr , .e, ^r- mClothing * Equipment C_ o , Cleveland, Ohio Patent Scaffolding C o , In c , Chicago, 111. , . . . T&v l t,y c*0,,,i"E `id equipment for every type of industrial wo Wood, a lu m r-m ' nd magnesium safety ladders, suspended sectional *teel taw# _ , steel and; r, scaffolding sidewalk protection canopies, steel grandstand Fust Products Corp, Elmslord, N. Y. - - J.V-. F ' extinguishers. and fold-a ,ffold. & /sf {t * & 9*7 N otional S a fe ty ConQrets w ) S a fety /:.i Safety First Shoe Co.. Inc., Holltston, Mass. Safety steel toe slioes for men. * * Safety First Supply Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Industrial safety equipment. Safety Tower Ladder Co., Burbank, Calif. Safety equipment for fixed ladders and scaffolds. Salisbury, W. H., & C o , Chicago, XU. Linemen's rubber protective equipment. Saroie, lots. Linden, N. J. Non-traumatic carrier. Sawyer-Tower. Inc., Boston, Mass. All types of protective and safety clothing. Schrader's A., Son Div., Brooklyn, K. Y, Pneumatic press controls, valves, cylinders and associated products. Scientific Industrial Supply Co., Chicago, III. Gloves, clothing and general safety equipment. Scott Aviation Corp., Lancaster, N . Y. Scott air-pak demand inlialator, demand respirator, hydro-pak. Searjeant Metal Products, Inc., Mendon, N. Y. Punch press safety guards, controls, and accessories. Sellstrom Mfg. Co., Palatine, IU. Face and eye protection equipment. Speakraan Co., Wilmington, Del. Industrial emergency showers, eye-wash fountains. Standard Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, I1L Industrial safety equipment. Stephenson Corp., Red Bank, N. J. ... Automatic resuscitation equipment and chemical breath test for intoxication. Stonehotase Signs, Inc., Denver, Colo. Industrial accident prevention signs. ,. $ Union W ire Rope C o rp , K ansas City, Mo. / $r ^ `re rope "Tuffy" slings, "Tuffy" towlines. i) v ^ n*,e<I States Safety Service C o , Kansas City, Mo., I Industrial eyewear. | S Universal M atch C o rp , S t Louis, Mo. * v Safety programs for employees, match book r.afety i sanitation programs, fire prevention programs. | programs, employee health, ' J jtWsgner Sign Service, I n c , Chicago, III. Wagner changeable copy displays. |Watchemoket Optical C o , Inc., Providence, R. I. i "Eye-Savers" plastic eye protection and Plasi-Glqjv safety signs. ftVelsh Mfg. C o , Providence, R. I. Safety goggles, fens, face shields and helmets. {Western Industrial Pharm aceuticals Co., San Francisco, Calif. Poison ivy, oak and sum ac ointment. xWestline Products Div. of W estern Lithograph C o , Los Angeles, Calif. S|' Industrial signs, m arkers, safety signs, pipe markers, labels, letters-niimbcrs-rir;r '. 'Wheeler Protective A pparel, I n c , Chicago, III. '[Industrial safety clothing for heat and abrasive hazards. ^Whitney, L. A , Associates, I n c , New York, N . Y. V . Visual aids--flannel boards, program s--complete art and production service. Williams Jewelry & Mfg. C o , Chicago, III. I; Safety awards, badges and trophies. iWillson Products D iv , R ay-O -V ac C o , Reading, Pa. iS J; Industrial goggles, gas masks, helmets and respirators, and allied safety devices. 'W T he Wilson Rubber C o , A Div. of Becton, Dickinson & C o , Canton, Ohio 'A! a Rubber and synthetic industrial gloves for even use. ^ Wolverine Shoe & Tanning C o rp , Rockford, Mich. Industrial safety slioes. Stop-Fire. Inc., New Brunswick, N. J. Fire extinguishers. T he Surety R ubber Co., Carrollton, Ohio Personal protective equipment for industrial and electrical workers. EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITORS jfr [American Optometric A ssn , S t Louis, Mo. if ^."Vision For Safety"--O n T h e Highway, IU Industry. T he S u rty Mfg. Co., Inc., Chicago, 111. Linemen's safely equipment and industrial workers protective equipment. gonne National Laboratory, Lam ont, IlL ^"E quipm ent and Guides Used in the Performance of Ra fety W u C . , Taylor, S. G. Chain Co., Inc., Hammond, Ind. "Taylor-M ade" alloy steel sling chains and allied products including Tayco pateali alloy steel drop forged hooks. Tect, In c, Dumont, N. J. Vythene and other Tecsolve safety solvents. Titraus Optical C o, In c, Petersburg, Va. Safety eyewear, oplilhalic instruments, lenses, frames and sun wear. Tool C o, In c , Coverdale, Pa. iig hand tools and hand protectors for same. Scouts o America, New Brunswick, N. J. Exhibit oi 1958 Good T u rn Campaign. -American Safety Council, I n c , New York, N. Y. jThe Safety Council serving all Latin America. lational Bureau of Standards, W ashington, D. C. "Loading Effects of W ind on Towers," itional Society for T he Prevention of Blindness, Mew Educational material on conservation and utilization ol 000315 & ft? ) OFFICE O F THE AERONAUTICAL INDUSTRIES SMHONj NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 duslriol Hygiene Chairman (W est)--MRS. HELEN W. GI F.RI', R. N. first aid muse. |[U'^liuuniolcgoSrdyost,eNm.s MD.iv., Loctkheetf Aircraft Corp., Holloman Air Devrliqmtftii Ccnicr, final H ygiene Chairman VEast)--J. C. SEW ELL, safety ami workmen's coropensa- M division manager, Wright Aeronautical Div., Curliss-Wright Corp, Wood UMff. !"' i General Chairman--JO HN S. T. SW ANSON, safety engineer, Orenda Engines ! Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Senior Vice Chairman (W est)--FRANK W. STARR, safety & conservation adn Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc., Ldng Beach, Calif. Pice Chairman (Central) --LYLE A. GATES, safety engineer, Douglas Aircraft Co, J Tulsa, Okla. Fire Chairman (B ail)--K EN NETH L. STEBBINS, director of safely, LycomingJ AVCO Manufacturing Corp., Stratford, Conn. 1 Secretory and Newsletter Editor--HUGH J. McRAE, safety director, AVRO Limited, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Newsletter Editor (Bast)--GEORGE LOUDON, ground safety director, Hq. 58lk' Division (Defense), United Stales Air Force, Wright-Pattcrson A ir Force Base, f Newsletter Editor (Crntral)--RICHARD P. DENTNER, safely engineer, Rockctdji A Division of North American Aviation, Inc., Neosho, Mo. Nrwslelter Editor (W est)--C. W. LOW REY supervisor. Health ami Safety Office, Personnel, Hughes Research and Development Laboratories, Hughes Aircraft Culver City. Calif. Senior Program Chairman (W est)--JO H N D. DONOHUE, safety supervisor, Rohr A craft Corp., Chula Vista, Calif: ii Program Chairman (Central)--W. H. STAPLES, safety and medical supervisor, TEH! Aircraft Corp , Dallas, Texas. c mar Membership Chairman (B a il)--E. L. NEW M AN, Chief of Ground Safely ('EWABG) lleadquarteis, Wright-Pattcrson Air Forcle Hasc, Ohio. VnDaebprt.r,thMifcDCohnaniramt)aAn ir(cCratnftlrCalo)r--p.,ESDtW. LAouRiDs, MVo. . StSD L , supervisor. Safely A Medical JD ive.,,rsBhoipeinCghAaiirrmpalanne(..CW...o.e..,,.s.tR)e---niHtHo. wnO, WhWoAAasRbRlhtDu. iR1t. K1IEENN|8LLKE safely supervisor. Transport ton, Wash. {Ike-Job S o ftly Chairman (C tnlral)-- V. E. VAN HORN, visor. Industrial Relations Div., nStroalal)r--AEi.rcEar. ftvCnon., DHeOi RMNoIi,n safetly and security siuperSolar Aircarft Co., Dec Morinues, Iowa HJHtkqe. -lToabctiScaalfeAtyirCChaoimrmmaannd(,EUosn!i)t--edHSAtaRteOsLADirL.FoRrcUe,SHLanccghhliieeeyff.. AGGirrroouuFnnoddrcSSeaaff"eeltyy Div., ____ .... runic, e^mgley Air Force Base, Va. or Statistics and Contest Chairman flF e rt)--L EE fl. JO HN SON , chief safety t eer, Northrup Aircraft, Inc., Hawthorne, Calif. Cllgi- tDlisivti.e, sTahnedMCaorntitenstCCo.h,aDiremnavner(,CCtonllor.al)--GF.ORGE If. BEECK, safety director, Denver duller and Contest Chairman (B ast)--JO H N W. KEN T, cl icf s --Research and Advanced Development Divisioonu,. LLaawwrreennccee,, MMasas s s ^ C"K:" rCr' AVC eg Range Planning Committee--HARRY J. W A RREN (Cnairmnn), director. Ground Safety Hq. CON AC, Mitchell Air Force Base. Long Island. N ,Y.: CLYDE It. HARLIN, chief, Ground Safety Div., Directorate of Personnel, Headquarters Oklahoma !Cty A ir Materiel Area, United States Air Force. Tinker Air Force Base, Okla.; R. T. uHnO;lFMj EWOOD, chief. Ground Safety Office. Hindquarters Air Materiel Command. JUch*nie*itfedo IfSetamtepsloyAeeir Force, services --Wa nridg--*hl's-Paaftrtie"rsvo'n'r vAviMr Force J orce Base. Old**ase- Ohio: I* H c S N A K i'V " P. Pomona, Calif. r ` LUNVAIR--A Division of General' Dynamics' Program Chairman (East)--E. E. COLE, deputy chief, Ground Safety Office, H e J^ ry Representative--W. L. TUBBS r I i quarters AMC (M CAS), Wright-Palterson Air Force Base, Ohio. y. DCS/Personnel. Department of the Air V orlafW asr*1* ' a5sis,:,"t for ground Senior Edueation and Training Chairman (W est)--M. M. CLANCY, general supers* 'roO Committee--E. P. MARCONI t e t , ' * D. C. Safety, Insurance and Medical Services, The Ryan Aeronautical Co., Lindbergh Fid *; Tullahoma, Tcnn.; A F FArM o-T-ra"* .! ,ll,,B i r r , Safely Branch, AF.RO. San Diego. Calif. -Uw*umsio_n_o?t NNoorrtthh AAmmeerriiccaann AA.vviiaa. thi.oW.n. ,. .lIun ^c, , i Bn^e, ll f,dlou^we l er. s afely Calif . ; e ng F. inee II. r, T Auloiiclics--A F.MPI.F. ritiri Education end Training Chairman (Central)--FKI'.O K. KEILNHUUCt, ground lllijlafety engineer, CONVAIR--A Division of General Dynamies Corp., Fort Worth, director. fl<j. San Amonio Air Materiel Arca, Kelly Air Forre Hase, Texas. JIlfeGxaasr;reftit. CI.orHpo.E, MLt o--PsHAIL--L *safe"ly direrfou AIKescarch M s u d -->"*-- r' .......... fiaif Eir...:`___ ?'* lj~* Ai Edueation and Training Chairman (East) --B. J. W ILKE, JU., chief safety cnt ,4tgundo D iv ^ n * ^ orP- Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corp., Bethpage, Long Island, N. Y. Senior Engineering Chairman (Central) F , D L. DENTON, * ........... W - * w Section, Boeing Airplane Co., Wichita, Kan. . linm isirator 'North A* *Vl';ra|< !Lo;* ,n c * "f Lt oo.s Aa ngelVe"s...C...... ' a ^ ^ Wl ILKi INSf saf,ect,yy Engineering Chairman (Pail) ...Fit AN KLIN KNIG HT JR., chief safety engineer, Geot|| Division, Lockheed Aircraft Cotp.. Marietta, Ga Engineering Cltairmun (TPntJ--M. C. VAL DEZ, chief safety engineer, CONVAIfj A Division of General Dynamics Corp, San Diego, Calif. Senior, phyi. if Hygiene Chairman (Central)--J. K. LEVERET T, M.D. chief yP JNVAIR--A Division of General Dynamics Corp., Fort Worth, 0003;;; .12 OFFICERS OF THE AIR TRANSPORT SECTION ' i- A t NATIONAL SAFETY COUN CIL 1957-58 C m tral Chairman--W. E. BERTRAM, superintendent, Industrial Safely fc Security, ) Northwest Airlines, Inc., St. Paul, Minn. Pitr-CAoirmmr--DALE M. ESTF.LL, safely engineer, Trans W orld Airlines, ParkviHe.il Mo. Secretary--H. L. BUTLER, supervisor, Maintenance Manuals & Training, Eastern Airjj Lines, Colonial Div., Flushing, N. Y. Nrursltiler Editor--N. L. CHRISTOFFKL, staff superintendent, Safely, United Ali] Lines, Stapleton Airfield, Denver, Colo. Education and Training Division Chairman--DOUGLAS R, MACKINTOSH, safety director, Alexander tc Alexander, New York, N. Y. Chairman--Poster Committee--SERGIO SOLIMAN, superintendent. Safely it Security Div., Philippine Air Lines, Inc., Manila, Philippines. Chairman--Schools Committee--GEORGE H. CALDWELL, director ol safely. Academy of Aeronautics, Flushing, N. Y. Chairman--Troining Aids Committee--C. F. SCHAUH, ground safety dircrlnr, Capllsl Airlines, Washington, D. C. Engineering Division Chairman--JO H N DICKSON, fire It safety supervisor, TransCanada Airlines, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Chairman--Airfort Committee--HERBERT KAUL, safety supervisor. Casualty, Inspec-' lion It Safety Div., The Port of New York Authority, New York, N. Y. Chairman--Cargo Committee--RAYMOND BRADY, staff assistant. Cargo Service, United Air Lines, Denver. Colo. Chairman--Maintenance Commilltt--ALLEN W. DALLAS, director. Engineering Dit , Air Transport Assn, of America, Washington, f). C. - Health Committee Chairman--W. A. HEIR NE, JR., supervisor, Engineering Dept. Tte Fidelity It Caiu*lly Co. of New York, New York, N. Y. ;* Membership Division Chairman--CHARLES T. BURNEY, executive assistant, Transporta tion Insurance Rating Bureau, Chicago, III. a Chairman--Local Servire Lines Committee--ARTH UR E. SCHW ANDT, vice-pretidoC Industrial Relations, North Central Airlines, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Chairman--Service Operations Committee--RALPH .1. DEE, ground safety engineer,^ United Air Lines, Denver, Colo. 0 g -the-Job Safety C-/n>mon--L. CORBEIL, fire It safety supervisor, Trans-Onadrj Airlines, Dorval, Quebec, Canada. Progn tan--II. L. MORRIS, safely engineer. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., Miami 34 ^ ) f R fi< t/iitnj C h a ii tiu tu --K. I,. I 'O T T F K , *u|*nvinr, Alitine, lw \, Till*, OM h. S u f r l\, Au*-. ) ^IoIwIj Chatruta--J. A. O'D O N N Iill., Mall manager. Industrial Safely, American Airline Inc., Flushing, N. Y. j [Mflitory R tprtttntaiive--A hJO R C. V. C AK SOlf Air Force KOTC Dei. 805. A * M Collese of Texas, College Station. Texas. y i hAdvory Committee--JO SE PH M. CHASE, manager, Div. of Matiitenanre l\i|iiiji- ment, Fliglit Safety Foundation, Inc.. New York, N. Y.; D. D. GORDON-CAK- r> MICHAEL, properties & safety assistant, Trans-Canada Airlines, Montreal. Quebec, f , Canada; JE R O M E LEDERER, managing director. Flight Safety Foundation. Inc- New York, N. Y.; E T, L E E assistant director of seenrity. Eastern Air Lines, Miami. Fla. ; H. K. KODDA, secretary. Transportation insurance Rating flureau, Chicago, 111. ; f H. W. SCHILLIN G, (safely engineer. Trans World Airlines, Kansas City. Kan.: " COLONEL G ILBERT) E TEAL. USAF. Deferly Commander. Ht) A F Personnel it ft Training Research Center, Lackland Air Fori"; Base, San Antonio, T exas; J. H. B>.WATERMAN, manager. Ground Safetyr,t Trai World Airline, K jutns City, Mo. %SUt Rtfrestntative-- HOW ARD II. WAKZ7.YYNN, National Safety Cotuuil, Ctiicatc**. Ht. rli' K ) WST National S o f t ly Congrats job. Our objective* should include (Torts to promote the safety of employees and their families by: maintaining a comprehen sive safety program for employees driving company owned vehicles; providing material on highsray safely to aid employees driving their own cars; encourage employees to develop safe practices in their homes, on the farm, or in recreational activities; par ticipating in community safely activities. EXTEND EFFORTS OFF-JO The fruits of plant safety discipline should be shown in the ofl-the-job activities of the employee. If we have really sold him on the rules of conduct not only for ma chinery operation, but all phases o f personal safety, then the employee will practice these rules not only in his own home, but also in driving his car or while using recreational facilities. This does not answer the question of how many days' suspension an employee should receive for an infraction of safety rules. I have purposely refrained from attempting to answer that question because in my opinion that is not a safety problem. The punishment for the infraction of rules is nclually the responsibility of. in conjunction with the Labor Department. Where there are many CnEraCtisaa rules, it is probably due to the fact dasj top echelon of the organization an' whole-heartedly in agreement with that the supervisor in immediate charge used the rules as a matter of convene rather than as a mailer o f protection the employee. tja Good safety discipline cannot be by the number of people suspended lation of safety rules but rather measured by the spirit, the push, sincerity with which top management' ales the safety program. Safely is flie direct result of sound, r logical rules of conduct as t by the safely department, and enfoi alt levels of management. Safety discipline depends on the a! and the manner in which the suj carries out his day to day assignments contacts with the employee. Safety pline is the day to day activities of the ployee carrying on his routine duties only on the job, but also off the j o b A 1 ( )) JCERS O F THE [CEMENT, QUARRY AND MINERAL AGGREGATES SECTION i (! N ATION AL SAFETY CO U N CIL 1957-58 I Chairman--SEYMOUR B. FLEMING, lately director. New York Trap Rock ,,W est Nyack. N. Y. ' Editor--ROY G. STOTT, mining health and sMety engineer, U. S. Bureau of , Washington, D. C. Iraki, Committee: PA UL MEDLEY, chairman, vice-president-production, North "can Cement Cd, New York, N. Y .; W H IT J. W ISE, supervisor. Safety & Per,tlSouthwest Stone Co., Dallas, Tex. Chairman--FRED E. STORCH, director, Safely tt Personnel, The Whitehall t Mfg. Co.. Cementon, Pa. ,'rA iit tr Training Committee Co-Chairmen: C. S. HERZOG, industrial relations anager, Dravo Corp., Keystdiie Div., Pittsburgh, Pa. ; A. U. HOFTIEZEK, safety or, Laverack & Haines, lrjc., Dulfalo, N. Y. i? i Safety Committee: H . F. JO H N STO N , chairman. The Funkhouser Co., Hagerstown, Md. ; W ALTER A. DEARTH, co-chairman. General Crushed Slone Co., I Hdty hairman--D. D. SE IPLE, JR., lately director. Standard Slag Co., Youngstown, >/ M r 6r Contest Committee: JO HN E. MACHISAK, chairman, acting chief Accident haaiytis Branch, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, O. C ; ROY STOTT, Co-Chair- subdistrict supervisor, United Slates Bureau of Mines, District A, Washington, rtag Chairman--ARVID TIENSO N, safety director. Material Service Corp., , I1L ffRefresentative--CLINTON H . HOCH, National Safely Council, Chicago, III. T-- > 0003 ~-H ) 19S7 National S o ftly Congrtst highly hardened component in high pressure equipment is the cap of the common, flatgasket type high pressure reactor or "bomb." This is required for practical, structural reasons, but we attempt to avoid it by using other types of closures in all but small, medium-pressure vessels. With this one exception, a minimum of 10 per cent elongation should be specified for materials used in the construction of high pressure equipment. When purchasing metal stock for this use it is wise to specify metal that is free of flaws or inclusions, and is warranted by x-ray or other suit able tests. Before a vessel is placed in service it must be pressure tested, preferably to one and one-half times its maximum working pressure. A log sheet should thereafter be kept for each vessel so that a history of its service is available. Frequent inspection of each vessel and regular periodic pressure tests are required to avoid failure resulting from corrosion, small stress cracks, embrittlen 'n t, etc. CONED CONNECTION The common coned high pressure connec tion has frequently been a source of diffi culty, most of which is easily avoidable with a little care and attention. The scaling surface is on the tapered end of the tubing, and the force is applied from the threaded gland via the collar on the tubing. First, the sealing surfaces and threads should always be smooth, clean, and in good order. If not, they should be remachined or replaced as may be the case. A common error in assembly of one of these connections is in not placing the collar the proper distance back on the tubing. If it is too far back a good seal can be made but all of the force is taken by only a por tion of the threads of the gland, resulting in failure under pressure. High pressure gauges present some prob lems, but a little thought when locating them will easily remedy this. Always use the solid front or "blow-out" back type of high pressure gauge and remove the glass face cover. A piece of plastic film may he placed over the front of the gauge to keep out d: uges should never be placed in such V lion as to be directly in line with c ring personnel, but arc best lo ) U U U v . *C,h/emical $ ) difficult problem. These people may be in fed Vessel while il is- stilCf n-lcr cated behind a barricadw.assdeqlwerved with the area only occasionally and for short Men. must Icafn tm jle iu l mirrors. They should not be used to mote periods of time. Ilian 70 per cent of rating, and will last s lot longer and maintain accuracy better 1 used at only SO per cent of rated pressure. Gas storage or supply cylinders are rather "thin-skinned" and should not be located la an operating cubicle. In event of trouble,' their presence can only add to the problem^ The use of check valves in lines betweu^' vessels, reactors, supply cylinders, e tc adds greatly to the safety o f the operation. These one-way valves prevent the possible hack ing up of a reactant o r catalyst, which css have disastrous consequences. {[; However, a word of caution concerning the use of check valves I They are usually a spring-loaded ball valve and are easily fouled and rendered inoperative by smal amounts of foreign- material or d irt Fre quent inspection and testing of these deviets is imperative, otherwise one may be led into a false sense of security. They may have little knowledge of the equipment or work, and must be carefully instructed regarding safety practices which may be peculiar to high pressure work. This type of situation will vary with the particu;f. lar installation and circumstances, but we ' I should always keep in mind the uninformed '"stranger'' who has occasion to be in the area. Clear thinking and attention lo detail are essential in this type of work. Always be on guard for signs of trouble. For instance, ft ?r*1.en re'ta$'ng the pressure from a system * possible to delect an obstruction in the entry to a pressure vessel by observing such things as the rate of fall of pressure in the I"***- Abnormal behavior in this respect is jf ' a sign of danger. Observation of such signs may avert the disastrous consequences of opening a sup- signs and to deal wilh them safely. i h e same philosophy applies lo disassem bly) and maintenance work on such equip ment. Each line and vessel must tc treated as hough it is a loaded gun until you arc absolutely certain about it. High pressure work may be done safely if rrc use dear, critical thinking and careful planning. We cannot afford to be hasty, to disregard safety practices "just this one time" or to let our guard down in any other waf. This applies to all types ol high pres sure work, be it large or smalt, simple or elaborate. liven if the installation is small and funds are' limited, it is still possible to keep this basic philosophy and conduct the work iu a safe manner. In that respect, safely is fil e happiness--it is the man that counts and money just cannot buy it In essence, the human side of safety re duces itself to one point--education. The problem becomes one of teaching men lo understand their equipment and lo think carefully before they act. For instance, one CONTROLLING HEALTH HAZARDS must somehow get across tire idea that high pruregsgseudr,e doecqsuipnmotenrte,qujiurset abesctraounsge airtmfomoloi V>\ IN A CH EM ICAL PLANT a long-handled wrench for assembly. Care cleanliness, and a sawed-off open-end wrcnck by ROBERT A. KEHOE, M .D . will usually do~a much more effective job head, Dept. Preventive M edicine & Industrial H ealth, College of M edicine, on research scale equipment. University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, O hio OPERATING PRACTICES .r Points such as this must be emphasised 'j Hazards that are likely to be present in a 3. Chemical hazards demonstrated, and then continually re emphasized. We had a technician with whom we had to go so far as absolutely to forbid him to operate a high pressure vain with any more force than he could erol by holding the valve handle between hit little finger and thumb. This may have been an extreme measure, but the man Snail; understood. W e use job description sheets, our acci dent prevention Key Point Cards and olbtf '* means of discussion to review imporUnl points and hazards with Ihe men. One chemical plant are: 1. Ordinary mechanical hazards --accidental injuries ((alls, dislocations, sprains, fractures, contusions^ lacera tions, thermal and chemical burns, for eign bodies in eye or skin) > --in association with mechanical equip ment, noise, vibration, fires, explosion, flying particles or missiles, slippery floors, rigging, stairs, ladders, elevators, vehicles 2. Modern physical hazards --old and well known (but not fully con trolled) chemicals --new products of research ami develop ment (often unexplored) --exposure in course of research on new products --pilot plant development of new products or processes --new manufacturing processes involving new ways of handling well-known chemicals or new chemicals. (1) luctis of hazards--aspect of portal must cultivate the idea that the safety prac --ultraviolet anil infra red radiation ; ultra- of entry--local effects, such as i i .ii- tices arc ground rules which arc just not sonus, high frequency waves; X-ray, tael with skin, dermatitis--sviwitira- lo he broken. In a large plant such as outt the men who come into the area Ire bi radium, other alpha, beta or gamma radiation tion, gross injury to skin, sl iii o n cer, or inhalation of gases, lapnrs. shops and services department pro. 1957 /. S a fety Congress of a tro to ls sucli as acid rnisls, niftal fumes, smoke, and radioactivity. In recent years, study and measurements of even smaller particles in air than pre viously observed, known as condensation nuclei, have contributed greatly to our under standing of the nature and number of parti cles in air. The particles in the air on which water will condense are called condensation nuclei; under natuial conditions only the larger particles are so effective. When the air it sufficiently super-saturated apparently any particle will serve. as a condensation center. Particles from such diverse substances as platinum, silver, stearic acid, glycerin and lubricating oil will all form droplets at a sufficiently high supersaturation of water vapor. Practical methods are how available to measure the number of particles in an aerosol in free air. A wider use of the technique already available for sire ami numbers of an aerosol would not only throw light on some of the problems of air pol lution but would certainly lead to further improvements in our knowledge of aerosols. Respirators for insecticides are tested and fisted by the U. 5. Department of Agricul ture. B. G A SE S A N D V A P O R S In this major group may he included most of the air contaminants which arc not classi fied as aerosols. 1. frritont gases are those which produce inflammation of tissue, such as the skin, the eyes, and the respiratory tract membranes. They are divided into two general groups: a. action is limited to irration (such as hydrogen choride) b. action extends to systemic effect (such as oxides of nitrogen) Some of these gases and va|>ors have pro nounced odors, but the nose cannot be depended upon as a reliable method of es timating concentrations. 2. Aj/hyjrionfs are substances which de prive the body tissues of o\>gcn, causing hypoxia (oxygen starvation). Two general methods of action aie known: simple asphyxiants (such as nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, and methane), which dilute or re place the oxygen partial pressure in air; and chemical a< '* ants (such as carbon mon 14 ' ) y n 0 0 0 o'7 '1 Chnniotl !*1: oxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, acetonitrile, aromatic nitro and ammo com|M>iiiids like aniline, nitrobenaene and deriva tives), which combine with the hemoglobin of the blood to prevent oxygen-carbon diox ide exchange. The insidious nature of the action of the simple asphyxiants, and the speed with which they can act, is still not widely appre ciated; whereas most people have a healthy rcs|>ect for the chemical asphyxiants. Under proper medical supervision, pure nitrogen may be breathed for several seconds and this technique has been used clinically by Hlmwich and others. However, nitrogen and the. other simple asphyxiants give almost no warning between the time breathing air ii replaced with the asphyxiant and uncon sciousness overtakes the subject. PHySICAL REACTIONS A loss of mental facilities begins within a few seconds, and unconsciousness may occur shortly after with no warning. The brain is the first organ of the body to be affected seriously by oxygen want, and the subject "blacks out" quickly. Mention is made of this littlc-apprecialcd phenomenon not only because asphyxiants can be released in a room or tank with inadequate warning from the action of a fixed carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system, from a large spill of liquid nitrogen, from a leaking gas sys tem, from an inert-gas producer, or from a leaking cylinder, J>ut also because airlinesupplied respirators, hoods and suits are frequently attached to a plant air supply with little appreciation of the hazard For example, at the Acids and Heavy Chemicals sub-scctioii meeting. Chemical section. National Safety Council, October 25, 1956, no company present reported use of a special air system (or respiratory equip ment. If a cross-connection should occur anywhere in (lie air system which would permit an asphyxiant, toxic, or flammable gas to enter the air used for breathing, the results can easily and rapidly be fatal. Oxygen, used indiscriminately, may also be a hazard, since serious fires have been reported where oxygen, either from a cylin der or an airline, or a leaking hose or pipe, was used for breathing purposes in an air line respirator or hood where welding or other flames were involved. Only a eom- V plcicly separate air supply, supplied by . compressor which cannot evolve carbon inon oxide, carbon dioxide, oil mist or other un wanted impurities or from cylinders o. tested known purity should be used lor air line respirators, hoods o r suits. In any event, regardless of supply, the system should include pressure relief valves, filters and absorbents as recommended. 2. Anaesthetics are gases mill va|H>ra whose action is primarily by inducing the symptoms of anaesthesia when inhaled in sufficient quantities. These Include the sub stances which come to mind when the word "anaesthetics'' is mentioned, such as the ethers, chloroform, methyl chloroform (1,1,1trichloroethane), trichloroethylene, ethylene oxide and nitrous oxide (laughing gas), as well as hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, other halogenatcd hydrocarbons, the aro matic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, and carbon disulfide. < t DECOMPOSITION OCCURS ii' In addition to the physiological action of these materials alonf and in combination, decomposition products are produced in a fire or when they are otherwise subjected to heat. Even relatively harmless substances such as the Frcons and the Gcnctrons, (widely used as non-flammable refrigerants of low toxicity, as replacements for am monia, sulfur and ethane), will evolve toxic b dabeocovemtphoesiirtiodnecopmropdouscittisoniftemthpeeyraaturreesh. eTahteids lias occurred where Frcons and Genetrons V were used as cleaning solvents. Metal parts, after cleaning, were heated' above the safe limits in order to dry and flash oil the remaining solvent. Several persons were hospitalized with pulmonary congestion. Trichloroethylene degreasert, properly installed, maintained and operated, are safe, yet the failure or misuse of these vapor degreasers lias created serious haz ards including both fires and toxicity. ' Mass hysteria and unconsciousness due to the littic-apprccialcd anaesthetic action of the trichloroethylene has occurred in sec onds; in one incident 72 persons were over come, and in another, 26. Fortunately, all recovered after removal to fresh air and oxygen inlialalion. The hazards of carlion tetrachloride mixtures in fire fighting and in other applications are well documented. '%`4 ; '`Substotoces producing other / f-- J'hi* classification includes several sulr.i:*u-1 * I a c t i o n differ - from i>rcKto^jl}-mcu- Jhed substances. Included in llus grout are mercury, while phosphorus, tetraethyl lead, nickel carbonyl, arsine, the boron hy drides, phosphine, hydrogen sulfide, and the widely-publicized military "nerve I'ast-s,'* Tljje initial action of these gases and v;q**is is ^primarily on the nervous system, with respiratory arrest following. I CONTAMINANTS COMBINE K the above classifications appear com plicated, it must be remembered that these aif contaminants seldom occur alone, and that: even less is known about the combined action of two or more substances, especially if fliey arc in different groups, than of the individual substances. Even if particles in the air arc non-toxic in thcmxclvrx, thev arc known to art as rairicrs of condensible toxic vapors--formaldehyde can have its toxicity increased five limes by the presence of an aerosol. It is little womlrr, thru, that irspuami v ptnlcclion can heroine a highly complicated s ihjcct. ami that the practical appli* alion of respirators, gas masks, and sclf-eoulaimd h.cathing apparatus (all with their limita tions), even by persons thoroughly trained in llicir use, is not cut-and-dried or fool proof. Relatively untrained persons in an emer gency situation, arc in especially vulnerable positions. Many of the case histories at tached to this paper clearly point to the need for more widespread appreciation of the nature of the hazard, as well a* of the limits of the various respiratory protective equipment used. RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE DEVICES A. A IR -P U R l/'YIN G R E SP IR A T O R S The fundamental limitations of any air purifying device are that the air must he within the limits for which the respirator was designed (for example, the oxygen content must be more than 16 per cent) ; the particular unit will only protect against the Specific substance or combinations for which it was designed, (fm example, aero sol [flispcrsoidl [filter typc| respirators will givej no protection against gases ami vapo's) ; and the canister or filter must he IS 1 1957 N a tio n a l S o f t l y C o n g re ss maintained in proper working condition (nn a properly maintained facepiece that fits snugly enough to exclude leakage). Aerosol (filter type) respirators require frequent changes in filters when breathing resistance heroines uncninfortahlc when used where excessive dust or fumes are involved. Chemical cartridge respirators will safely protect only against the specific vapors and gases in non-emergency situations where no more than 0.1 per cent is encountered. Extremely toxic materials, such as acro lein, acrylonitrile, aniline, dimetliylaniline, arsine, bromine, carbon disulfide, carbon monoxide, diinethylsulfate, hydrogen cyan ide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen selenitic, hydrogen sulfide, iodine, methyl bromide, methyl chloride, nickel and iron carbonyl, nitrobenzene, nitroglycerine, nitromethane, oxides of nitrogen, osonc, phosgene, phos phine, phosphorus, trichloride, stibine, sulfur chloride, the boron hydrides and others are too toxic even in low concentrations for re liance to be placed on simple cartridge type respirators. NOT FOR ODORLESS GASES Chemical cartridge respirators should not be used against gases which are odorless or whose odor threshold is high, since the only warning of failure of the respirator or of concentrations which are above the ability of the respirator is odor. Methyl chloride is an example of such a gas whose warning properliei are loo slight for practical purporer. Substances which arc highly irritat ing to the eyes, such as sulfur dioxide, re quire eye protection (sucti as a gaslight togfl*. an air-supplied hood, or a full-face piece). Several berimatory (tear-producing) sub- tances, such as benryl chloride, are in the same classification, and a respirator alone is clearly inadequate. Some substances, such as carbon monoxide, cannot be stopped by a chemical cartridge (except by the Hop- calite in the Type N universal gas mask and in the miner's pocket self-rescuer). Ammonia cartridge respirators will protect against ammonia up to 1,000 p.p.m., while eye irritation from ammonia begins at about 700 p.p.m. Mercury cartridge respirators are effec tive against concentrations of mercury vapor norna'' auntcred at ambient tempera ture, ,ervicc life is proportionately ) 8 0 0 0 3 3 ?: C/irhliru/ htfif.lt reduced where higher concentrations of mer cury front elevated IcmpefsfMtfif'and pres sures are present. (There fs no Bureau of Mines approval schedule for mercury res pirators). Combination cartridge have the limitation of a shorter service life when used with one particular type of hazard than the equivalent specific single-purpose canister tvould have for the same hazard. FACEPIECE TPPES Normally, respirators use a "half-mask" facepiece, covering the nose and mouth, ' while gas masks use both full-masks and, full facepieces. (Only full facepieces on . gas masks are approved by tbe Bureau of Mines). R e c e n tly , the self-rescue" or ; "pocket" respirator, normally used with t , cartridge containing Hopcalitc with a dryer and designed for escape from mines, has'-', designed for s|>ecific substance aloil fie 'to keep , the llo[Kxlite dry,'* and aim I'J only warning that a canister or cj x. ,|>revent excessive breathing resistance from is "exhausted" is the detection of developing as lie dryer-bMhpcs moist. vapor or gas passing through the canister or cartridge. I The shelf-life of the universal canister, dice the canister has hecn attachr} to the Persons who need corrective lenses in facepiece is one year, if sfoc<l with the order to work properly when wearing the l/Mtom seal in place, even the mask respiratory protection, especially full face- h it not been used. If stored with IkiiIi top pieces, may find of interest two methods of and bottom seals unopened, as received from incorporating lenses inside facepiece. One (he manufacturer, the shelf-life is cnn*hJcrcfJ method consists of wire frames which fit b some to be four, and by others, five around the circumference of the sight lenses, yJars. and hold a 50-mm round prescription lens. * 'W ith an respirator or gas mask, the prob PRESCRIPTIONS IN FACEPIECES lem of proper fitting of the facrpictc is t A second method consists of a center critical. In addition to flic time honmed f. post built inside the mask, onto which can tccliiiM|iic of holding (he hand over the i be attached 40mm rimless glasses. Such olctiing in the bottom of the ranistrr while V' arrangements seldom allow perfect align- dj,,ialin--g gently to sec that the facepie..c..e...w...i.ll been extended into oilier cartridges. i .mem of the prescription lenses to the view- c<"ta.p,c '"""IT r " T " The mouthpiece of this style respirator is held tightly by the front teeth of the wearer, and the breathing is accomplished through the mouth. A nose damp blocks off the r er's eyes, but. with adjustment, a sufficiently CCn" y ,**** cd b> " ,c A k C USI j[ accurate fitting can be achieved for most lso:in,y ac a c* ~ purposes for reasonably long periods of Since isoamyl acetate (which sinclh sim- time. iinr to bananas) can be detected in a omi- openings of the nostrils, and prevents irri The type N universal gas mask canister cc'" r;,,ion f, low as one partper mil- tation of the membranes of the nose. A ( s constructed of several layers including neckband permits the respirator to be worn activated carbon ( to remove organic vapors), ready for instant use. Twelve different | soda lime (to remove acid gases and carbon filler cartridges will fit the basic holder and , dioxide), copper sulfate (to protect against mouthpiece. .ammonia gas), silica gel and other dryers Industrial canister-type gas masks, with canisters designed for specific substances W combinations, have the same limitations in, general as chemical cartridge respirators, J except they arc effective in concentrations of y . (to remove moisture both before and after T. the Hopcalitc), and Hopcalite itself ( a nuxt 't u r e of metallic oxides which catalyzes the C conversion n[ carbon monoxide to carbon * dioxide), plus a filter for smoke*. any specific gas or mendter* of the samtf\v .. .. This canister can lie used as protection group o f gases for which they are designed .against smoke and gases which do not ex of not more than two per cent in air or a* c e e d two per cent by volume total, where two per cent total for a mixture of gases;1 -.adequate amounts of oxygen are present for which the canister is designed. 'f '"Sixteen per cent oxygen Is cited as (he The ammonia canister is approved for practical minimum, but life I* not Actually three per cent ammonia. For shorter periods in danger until about 14 per ccuiif*; IpH of time, industrial canister-type gas masks' ( oxygen is present. A timer is useo to count can be used iti higher concentrations, but i tbe number of inhalations, and Indicates the time of service life will be reduced. KV,about two hours total use. ' ,,on- * sn,aM lc:,k 'V,M l,c ,*clri 11 ' " " :f acetate is pl:iCtrl on cut (on ami t h e t ollon passed slowly around the edges nf the ni:ik without touching either the wearer's l.ur or the mask. If the wrarer can delect the odor, a leak is indicated and the mask should be further adjusted until the odor can no longer be detected. CIVIL DEFENSE. MASKS As part of Us chemical warfare defense program, llrr I'cdcral Civil Defense* Ad ministration Is stockpiling a mask desig nated ns CD V-800 organizational mask lor use by civil defense personnel. Tire canister on this chin-style mask is the same as used In the U. S. Army Assault Mask. This mask is reported to give '`excellent pro tection against C\V (Chemical W arfare) and BW (Biological W arfare) agents, as well as against the inhalation of radio Depending on the sire of the canister, and the service for which it was designed, the? DISPOSE OF CANISTERS service time varies. V p A canister should be discarded at least , V Protection for a combination of varioul l^aj soon as the timer indicates the pointer ip has completed one revolution, if not sooner. gases, such as acid gases, organic vapor and ammonia can all be obtained in one;, t'O ne authority recommends that universal canister, but the service life of such a' ycanisters be weighed immediately on re(Pczipt from the manufacturer, and that they combination is shorter in the combined can-';g f i t te discarded as soon as they have gained istcr when used with one specific substance, d than is (he life of an equivalent ca* F: ^ grams. This 45 grams limit was inqrosed ||lliiic{ it represents the limit of the dryers logical particles, or CUR (chemical, bio logical and radiological)". Designed In he used ill conjunction with a detection kit, CD V-810, which will delctl n-iu distinguish between the nert-e gases and the mustard gases, the V-800 mask is r. specific mask for war gases (including verve gases) and will not protect again-', eftrbon monoxide, ammonia and other gases Ithe Army Chcinica* -ps recently an ) 19.17 N o tio n a l S a f e t y C o n c r e te ) 0003r 4 . C/icugVof fndttxtrirr iiuimcril n nrw F.-I3 m.-ik for troopl. It route. These hose masks can bg lilfdjpfely h used for head, face and respiratory pi m lines am! stamlhy squad* 1 ilrtitnril to (five thf anM.tr romplcle only if the above precautions are observed, j *lection. Depending on (he particular fnbr were employed, llic apparatus wM Kenrr;illy protection againjt the inhalation of war Airline-supplied Bureau of Mine* Type C 'I plastic, or composition n id i in It coming* satisfactory in the hands M'adfclllM'mid m 'r. germ warfare agents and airborne respirators are durividuedu tinnrto tiwo cclmasses:. (\s)/ (tW f( lion, this suit allow: -s w-o.r..k.....I..n..s..i.d..e. tanks, users. ; radioactive fallout particles, but does not the crnrtiiiiimis flow type and (b ) the demand ..-re1a.2c.t1.i.oonn-?..Yv#cessssetl-*s *and , ootlh*'eerr ccoonnffiinneedd ssppaaccee The prat self-contained breathing protect against direct radiation. or iiini li cvni miiimlt.amnti uduemiMainiid) nBuown type; \(sa>)/ U t,aw , 1 *" * contain a hazardous atmosphere, raliw loi he approved by the U. S. Jlurc.in Tire new mask does not have the pro usually used with a powered compressor or i _ Properly used, together witli safeguards to of Minps was of the two-hour rebreathiug truding canister used in current masks. blower, while (b) is usually used with 4 !" U--? ..,--hV- ,.l.,.e. JrMrr'*. .*.i.r ssuuppppllyy aannda nliifee-- type- ^ This was made possible through develop breathing air supplied from cylinders. The f f-line are always in proper position and work- The lxygen rebrealhmg type apparatus ment by the Chemical Corps of a new use of such equipment in atmospheres im- W 'jing order, this suit has increased safety it relatively heavy (3 9 # for the two-hour light-weight, pliable gas-aerosol lifter ma terial. Pads of this material are enclosed mediately hazardous to life is not recoin-'.f f and decreased operating costs in maintenance mended since failure of tire air supply or . llv o ik inside tanks containing materials which fouling of the hose would be serious, and ' . aie corrosive or are easily absorbed through type) and is bulky. Most self-contained (closed `circuit) oxygen breathing appara tus in cjse today require mouth breathing Within cavities molded into the rubber facepiece of the mask. Lower breathing re further, it is absolutely necessary to have J iifthe skin such as aromatic amino and nitro with a pose clip, but a full facepiece has sistance, superior vision, better speech trans mission and greater comfort are claimed. respirable air of unquestioned quality. -j ,compounds. The same limitations noted We have previously noted th^ hazard o li; ..above for r,; noted. air-line respirators should be recently been approved. Careful training is required in use and in maintenance of It should be noted that the CD V-800, using a plant air supply for air-supplied { this apparatus. A minimum of 20 hours the existing and the new A rm y gas masks breathing equipment. It is recommended * Regardless of the type "respirator" used, initial training is recommended by the Ois- should be-used for purposes for which they that a separate air system be used exclu- ; f a definite program of control is necessary to reau of [vfines. were designed only. After both World War sivety for breathing air. Depending on llw f; insure the device is used property, is prop- I and II, several instances were reported pressure available and the diameter of tire i erty maintained, and that it is doing wli.at RESTRICTS MOVEMENT where "surplus" Army masks were used for hose, (here is a limit to the length of hose jj. is expected of it. After the Canadian Chalk Demand-type air and demand ijp r vvi-ni protection against gases (or which they which is practical. f River atomic reactor incident, respirators breathing apparatus is available in hall Ih-mi, were not designed, with serious conse quences. It is iiri|<oitant that gas masks Wherever possible, such .systems should be piped as close to the outlet as |>ossible, i were used to prevail inhalation of radio-. active eontaininanli. This program was sne- qtiaiIcr-liour am) 7J-j rnimiir r.iiiin: Only flic half .hour demand :ip|i.it.i'u ! are not misused. so possibility of fouling of the liosc and 4 eessful only aflcr a respirator official was ttf Miitr appr*v'l. d# '* cutting oil the air supply will be minimized. appointed tu control the use and mainte approval whxdnh %i t* B. A IR -SU P P LIE D R E S P IR A T O R S Exit from areas where air-line respirators nance of respirators, regular urine-samples couf.nm d apparatus. h . Since the simplest solution to all respira tory problems is to supply pure air to the arc used must, o( course, be the same as the route in. If a compressor or tank sup were analyzed to show definitely the degree f of absorption, and an improved respirator j- was made available. j Although the schedule of wi.il. hi w! h the Bureau's half-hour rating is exhaust breather, the use of an air supply from ply is used, sufficient pressure relief control ing. large men under extreme stress have tome remote source where the air is not must be available to protect the wearer i C. SE LT-C O N TA IN ED B R E A T H IN G exhausted a half-hour (40 cu. ft.) rylituh r contaminated is both simple and logical. against pressure in excess o f (hat prescribed ' V>. A P P A R A T U S \ in significantly less than a half-hour. For many applications, air-supplied equip for the equipment. * -' Self-contained breathing apparatus supply Differing ordy in whether it is supplied ment has real advantages, but this equip ment is subject to definite limitations. The AIR-INFLATED SUITS , complete respiratory protection in any con- with compressed oxygen or compressed air, simplest type is the Bureau of Mines Type Air helmets, air hooks, and air-supplied bcentration of toxic gases and under any i oxygen deficient atmosphere. However, c tr- the .apparatus weighs nearly Ik) pounds for the half-hour type, with the large cylinder B hose mask, which is a facepiece to which is attached a hose without a blower which suits have the same general limitations as^ j tain gases and vapor will cause systemic for air-line respirators. An interesting de ( poisoning by skin absorption.' Although a (40 cubic feet) on the back. It is relatively awkward to put on and it restricts action must extend to a respirable source of air. velopment in this field is the use of air- i mall group, these exceptions are highly in conhncd spaces. With practice, it may Tltis mask depends on the breathing action infiated suits for protection of tiie whole1 i important, including hydrogen cyanide, nitro be put on and into operation from a mourned of the wearer to move the air. For this body against hazardous materials. reason, a maximum hose length of 75 feet 5 and amino aromatic compounds, ethylene backboard in less than 20 seconds. has been established for the hose mask with tuninnelonoer foprimpe, tahlleowlasrgae immapnerv(ioouws oprlkastiinc !| lmasintse, apnhdenovlaspoarnsd raequfeirwe Ocollmieprsl.eteThskesine ' it Tdihffeicublatckto pcorsaiwtilonunodfertheequcipymlinednet.r Cmliamkbe-s out blower. one room while using air from another-- ' protection of an impervious type in addi- 1 tug in and out of small openings, such ns Low pressure blowers, ojicralcd cither by the slight air pressure supplied giving both f lion to respiratory prelection. manholes, requires care when wearing this hand or by power (power blowers do not breathing air and inflation (or body) to the type apparatus. Operation of a motor ve carry Bureau of Mines approval) arc used suit. The front of llic suit is tailored into EARiy RE8REATHING APPARATUS hicle is awkward when wearing a cylinder to supply Bureau of Mines Type A hose a facepiece, and arms with gloves are at J The early sell-contained rcbreatliing ap- on the back. ( 15-minute and 7'/j-iuiniie masks up to 150 feet. All hoses should tached. Mobility is reported good within [iparatus, which was imported from Europe, demand apparatus use smaller cylinders originate at the blower. the obvious limits imposed by the length (had serious deficiencies. Loss of file was suing on the side of the wearer, which A respirable source of air must be a s-. * of the tunnel attached. reported by users in this country: 19 ncci- overcomes this objection to some extent.) sured, and a safety man must be present at the blow at all times. Fouling of tire In another form, a complete suit with Igdtnls are reported involving 26 facilities built-in arms and legs is supplied with air between 1911 and I9T0, due partly to cquip- The aurily of the air or oxygen with which the cylinder has been charged should hose ma, T the air supply, and lire for inflation and a hood, also air supplie'. ' ->011 failure and partly to improper use. always Sc questioned since o'* ' gases such exit route -e the same as the enliattce i 19 ) 1957 N o tio n a l S a f e t y C o n g re s s at nitrogen, acetylene ami carbon dioxide and gat mixtures other than air have ac tually been found in "breathing air" cylin ders. Errors in compressed air used for breathing may be rapidly fatal, and every newly-filled cylinder should be checked to insure it actually contains "breathing air,M regardless of the source of supply. Unless the user has his own compressor producing air of an unquestioned purity, no cylinder should be put on a demand breath ing apparatus or air-supplied respirator, hood or suit until the contents have been checked for purity. The Orsat gas analyzer or the Beckman paramagnetic oxygen ana lyzer are often used in analyzing oxygen percentage while carbon monoxide may be checked with the National Bureau of Stand ards colorinctric tester available from two manufacturers. High pressure cylinders may leak, and frequent insjtcctioii is necessary to insure that the air or oxygen is actually available for use in an emergency. High pressure valve, gauge, and demand regulator must he maintained in (tip operating condition by iiiiprrlMHt im| a irgtthir picvrntullvc maintenance schedule as recommended by the manufacturer. ATMOSPHERE CUTS SERVICE If dcmand(y|e apparatus is worn in environments where pressure above one at mosphere is present (as in caissons or tun nels under higher than atmospheric pres sure), the service'time is reduced as the pressure increases. This is also true of un derwater use of the regular demand-type apparatus; a special adaption is available for underwater swimming. Other peculiar effects have been reported when demand and closed circuit oxygen brealhing apparatus was wont under pressure. . The use of oxygen in atmospheres above two atmospheres absolute pressure should be avoided since oxygen produces a toxic effect under such conditions. For periods up to 12 hours at normal atmosphere pres sures, however, oxygen may be used without apparent ill effects by healthy persons-- persons in questionable physical condition should not wear any emergency breathing equipment, bul should remain away from' contaminated air and underwater. When t^ been depict ply of air or oxygen has e supply iu the demand type ?o k nppnralus cuts oil abruptly, and. Jfce lace-'gjJt. g*e"n> c<oncentrations) with a check for piece must be removed immediately or g J? table vapors and gases (using one o asphyxia can occur. One British half-houi. breathing apparatus has available as op tional e q u ip m e n t an automatic warning whistle (P at. No. 64-1105) which will start, to blow when the cylinder pressure falls] to 300 pound/square inch, to aid in warning] the wearer to return to fresh air at onctj^i many instruments commercially avaib ' and a check for whatever toxic gas is -,suspected (fo r CO, for exalmplc, the Na- ' lional Bureau of Standards (glass tubes conj tabling palladium chloride which changes color witli CO). To ignore any one of these fundamentals is to run risk of trouble. 3 ooo;;r5 . Chentuin'l fmluttn,-* _4!3S' fee xcrciscd lo avoid cuti from the torn top seal when rcmoyioq^jt, mid the ram sttr brought- securely^ info*jplacc niter it has,1been punctured by the'sharp point designed into the apparatus fur that purpose. The facepiece should imC !c donned until the cahister is completely seated. A ftrsh canistcjr should always be used in nnv emergency. The seal around the facepiece must bt SAFE 45 MINUTES Once opened, a canister will continue to absolutely gas-tight in a toxic atmosphere since in the demand-type apparatus the face-- evolve/oxygen even when removed front The s e lf - c o n t a in e d oxygen-generating the aifparatus amt re capped. To cuter a piece is under slight negative pressure.',I breathing apparatus is approved by the hazardous atmosphere with a used canister Bureau of Mines, and is rated for 45 min is a [uglily dangerous practice--a fresh momentarily during llie beginning of the) inspiration pliase of llie cycle. A recent* utes. Some of lire models produced for canister must lie employed to insure safely. revision by one manufacturer eliminata;; the military are not Bureau of Mines ap In view of the relatively high cost of these proved, however. The weight of 14#, car canisters, the temptation to rc-use canisters this negative pressure park of the cycle.* Another novel feature of another demand ried on the chest and stomach, gives it a is grea , hut should lie avoided, anti canisters mask (54 cubic feet of air or oxygen di /decided advantage liotli in weight and con- prompt,y disposed of to injure (tic safely vided between two 26 cubic foot cylinders 5(venience over the demand-type apparatus, of the icxt user. (or balance) is a plug-in attachment car hl.alilothnosuignh utshee ucnhdeesrt spoomsietiocnondcriteiaotness. Itmila- DON'T RE-USE CANISTERS ried with the mask for administering re suscitation to an overcome |icrson on-the-spot A; The highly exothermic reaction which f/generates oxygen from the potassium super- The disposal of the scli-cnnlaimd w. ugenerating canisters must he pci formed a c while still in a toxic atmosphere. oxide (K.Oa) evolves significant heat, which cording to llie instructions. Oil, grease, is*'* In the above discussions, no mention has might serve as an auto-ignition source to line, or other flammable or riful*ti`fMr been made o[ llie flic and explosion hazard carlton-dlsulfidc nr nickel carlnmyl vapors liquids must he kept fiutn the eane-U-r iiiom'I. of air whirl, U richer than 21 per cent In under rxlicmc roudillnuH. This tcuqictj- or ail expl*<ii>ii til t inly il.ui oxygen, or of pure oxygen itself. Certainly ture o( llie canister surface may reach water in large quantities should he to-ed I* air should not be replaced with oxygen , 250*F, and is equivalent lo the hazard pre- destroy a canister. The canisters should cither in a breathing apparatus, in a venlila-. ir, tented by unshielded incandescent lamps, be promptly di$(oscd of. and not l/c left lion technique, or for any other purpose, 7 -hot plates and sleain Ipipes in such an sitting around where they could contact without full consideration of the increased 'j ' atmosphere. | combustibles. potential hazards from lire, as the oxygen concentration incrqpses above the 21 per When worn in hot areas, or while workjb ing hard in the heat, the oxygen generated 1 ir reasons noted under discussion of demand-type breathing apparatus, the self- cent oxygen content of air. A flammable, vapor-oxygen mixture requires only about Jmzy o c c u p y a v olum e which rqduife* JS "dumping" of surplus oxygen to itnlnlaui contained o x y g e n - g e n e r a tin g apparatus 'should not be worn under pressures greater one thousandth tire energy lo ignite it at F comfort. The apparatus) requires car in than two atmospheres absolute. docs a corresponding flammable vapor-air, $) llarting, especially in sub-f reezing tempera- mixture. lures--(or this reason it is considered good Sino/ftr Self-Contained Breathing and The resulting fire or explosion is many I practice that both the apparatus and the Oxygen inhalation Devices times more violent. Failure to appreciate j!, canisters be stored inside or in a heated . . U. S. Bureau of Mines approval for self these facts (which have been published and ' . truck cab or automobile, and that the S p , -contained breathing a p p a r a t u s currently well documented for years) has cost many paratus be thoroughly started above freez- makes no provision for apparatus rated l'r lives, l-or this reason, it is as important ].ing temperatures, if |iossiblc. , less than 30 minutes. In emergencies wlieie to analyze a suspected atmosphere for oxy*. gen concentration as for flammable vapors ii Unless the suit-freezing starting is tliorf! ougli, the wearer may be aware of insuffi- a smaller, less cumbersome device with a sliortcr life would give adequate prolcciu. and gases, and for toxic gases. By using cither the lime-honored mine safety lamp . cient oxygen during the first few minutes, the only available devices until recently by a feeling of 'Tight licadcdness" and difli- were regular demand masks with smaller as an oxygen indicator, or the more re * ! cully in coordination. If such a condition cently available Beckman paramagnelic oxy is noted, he should rclmn to fresh air, cylinders for 20, 15, and 7'/s minutes serv ice, using tbr same facepiece, reducers and gen analyser, it is |>ossihlc to obtain fast deflate the bags and re-start the apparatus, regula'ors as on the larger approved devices. and siiflicicntly accurate oxygen analysts until the breathing rate and the generating Kcc<giimng that man)' (perhaps most) fur practical purposes. rate balance before re-entry. hrcutldug emergencies can he brought under Combine such oxygen analysis (which will X In inserting the canister in the canister control in 10 minutes, and that the first reflect inert gases or oxygen deficient atmosphcrcs as well as excessively high oxy, lioldcr (canister is stored separately), care 130cc Wf expired air coni?' * relatively lit- ! ) WiT Nahonol Safely Conyreit lie CO. there is now available a light weight device in wliicli oxygen Icom small cylinders, supplemented by llie first lOOcc ol tfie previous exhaled breath, is used (or breathing at a rale of seven liters per min ute. The device is still too new (or exten sive field experience, but represents a novel and new approach to the weight, bulk and cost of presently approved equipment. Another recent development is a small portable anaesthesia and oxygen breathing device which is designed for use by medical personnel primarily, but which has obvious application as a "seif-rescuer" for escaping toxic atmospheres. The device consists of a lace piece with pressure limiting valve, an aluminum central body, a soda'lime canister in volumes of lOOcc to SOOcc, two aluminum cylinders, each containing three liters of oxygen, and a six liter rubber rcbrcatliiiig bag. Using the device for escape, it is claimed a young male adult walking three mph can travel safely for 1100 yards using a 200cc soda lime canister, and IHIK) yards using a SOOcc canister. Simc the complete unit weighs less than two pounds, and lire oxy gen cylinders are pocket-size, the device may rigidly be called pocket-size, and, in the hands of trained personnel, should be useful for self-rescue oxygen inhalation or resuscitation. Maintenance, Training and Medical Precautions In discussing respiratory protection, we have shown the importance o[ breathing "good" air, briefly reviewed lire major air contaminants, and discussed briefly appara tus available. We have stressed lire limita tions of each type, rather than the advan tages, since we believe that limitations were not as widely appreciated as advantages. The ideal breathing apparatus lias yet to be developed. W e have tried to create the im pression that a thorough knowledge of the particular apparatus used is essential for its sale use under various conditions. Maintenance of the apparatus in first-class condition so it is immediately ready for use at any time is likewise important. Metal parts of apparatus will wear, tarnish or corrod- rbber parts will slowly "age." Facej! will lake a "set" and must be dit 'arc Cylinders, regulators and valves un demand-type apparattU.mUtt.be checked frequently for leaks; canlstera/HrIndustrial or universal service masks or chemical cart ridge respirators must be replaced. Washing the facepiece with an antiseptic solution or soap, rinsing in clear water, and drying will assure that sanitation and clean liness is not neglected. This also prolongs the useful life of the facepieces. Proper storage conditions and frequent checking for deterioration are as important with respira tory protective equipment as with fire ex tinguishers, parachutes and life-fines. TRAINING OEFICIENT Training is the third, and perhaps most important leg of the triangle of respiratory safety. There is serious deficiency in this phase of the respiratory program. Putting on a device for a few minutes once a year is not adequate training. The U. S. Bureau of Mines Health and Safety Activities, through its district and sub-district offices, conducts training courses in first-aid, and also in the use of various emergency breath ing apparatus. The course can be modified to meet spe cial needs on request. Addresses of offices which offer these courses may be obtained by contacting the Health and Safety Divi sion of the Bureau of Mines, 4800 Forbes St.. Pittsburgh U, Pa. This service of tit* Bureau is available to the mineral and allied industries,'as well as to governmental agencies. The Bureau has at each of its Health and Safety field offices throughout the country mine-rescue equipment, and will nuke it available lo trained personnel in any emergency. During Iraining, breathing apparatus should be worn [or relatively long periods, in dark and confined spaces, climbing hills or stairs, duplicating all manual labor ex pected, ami in smoke-filled atmospheres by hand-carried lights while performing work. Smoke generators are available, which wiil quickly fill a room, a basement, a tunnel or a small building with a smoke that, is real istic, but which is relatively harmless and can be ventilated out without any damage. The "buddy" system and team drill should be practiced, as in a real emergency. The' use of life lines should be a part of fluij training, and should be a standard part of' any underground, tank or smoky opr ! ooo;!5<; C'itt'ltticftl littlu.it rVi Signal* as used by mine rescue tcan on OATH ( 0 = 0 K = 1 pull; vance=2 pulls; T-take-up=3 p u llj___ help--4 pulls) should be employed and stand-by men, ready to enter the area for rescue, should always be on hand. Hand-carried short-wave two-way radios may also prove useful for communication between base and field party. When used in atmospheres which may contain flammable vapors or gases, any electrical devices should have a "permissible" rating by the llureau of Mines for the gases or vapors involved. >:~dVl CASE HISTOKRK A M M O N IA *. The incident in quttitiWfcUook place in Singapore Malaya, during the early days of the war 1942 just prior to the lull of the city Jo the Japanese. Our ship was tied alongside the doth, havirig just completed a mission. The city was inder air attack continually, so that tve mam ained a full scale Hattie Watch, ready for wy emergency. It was after one of thes< ( raids that a strong odor of ammonia was >bserved on our ship; our blower venti PHYSICAL EXAMS LACKING lating system was picking it up. Investiga tion by our shore patrol informed ns that a The need for proper pjiysical examina largf cold storage plant had been hit and tions for persons wearing emergency equip that lie local fire department was attempting ment has not always been appreciated in the to rescue several members who were trapped past. A regular program of physical check inside the buildings. ups with particular attention to the respira tory and circulatory system as well as Ou)- fire and rescue section was dis patched to tfic scene at once; we v.crc general physical condition probably would have prevented some cases where inhalation equipped for such work with demand-type breathing apparatus, with proper protective of a smoke combined with physical exertion with or without respiratory protection, has equipment and safely lines. Upon airi* d uc were briefed as to flic plant hvoiti :nvl the produced serious illness. possible tmattnii of 10 inen inside the 1-inM- I'uisc rates before, during and after ex ing with a Httltsli type canister in.id; f n ercise, general physical condition, moderate protection. Wc ciitcicd the area wm him* weight, good eyesight and proper teeth aliue- in pairs, and during the next 20 minuic* ment (where mouthpiece breathing is in removed 10 firemen, who had been well volved) are considered! vital to pre-training trained by the best of Hriiish methods but by the Bureau of h^ines instructors. A unfortunately ill equipped for such violent practice of not permitting persons to return conditions. unprotected to smoke or fumes alter they When found, all men were uncott mu* have been overcome and revived, would and upon removal from the building were help prevent more serious inhalation effects. . rushed to the hospital, oxygen being r hum- Such restraining action may require physi istered enroute by a fine Australian ir *dic;d cal force to implement it in practice, since team. Of the 10 men rescued, six died fi*n a patient who is partially recovered from the effects of ammonia inhalation, four men fume or smoke inhalation may display highly recovered completely. irregular behavior. One recommendation is that persons sufficiently exposed to Smoke and carbon monoxide to require treatment should not return to active duty in less than tour to six hours, while those who have 'bttn rendered semiconscious or unconscious should rest 24 to 48 hours. During the entire operation ncnc of our team experienced any breathing difficulty: the teaching of damage control, fire ami rescue work by Nava! slnndaids are m y good. Their carcfid selection of reliable equipment has been tin', result of careful re search ami experience. " Properly maintained breathing apparatus, used with full appreciation of its timila1 firms, by healthy persons, properly and adc- N ITR ORGEESNriRt .rtTAOIRR L IN E /quately trained, will eliminate most "fume" Employees in an area were required to Nubilities in the future. However, the ideal use* air-line respirators as a preenntun Heathing apparatus for all applications has Pot been developed, and may not be dcvel- K'-TWf until there is sufficient demand for it. f. against inhalation of radioactive particles. The, air line was also used to provide iustrvnicnt air. ) J95T National S o ftly Congress FILMS 1 h 'r{haisms of Hrf.il/ur.fl (I.IIF ) 612.2-1. Pcm.ystvania Scale University, ArnJio- Vuual Aids Library, Slate College. Pa. or lincyc. Brit. Films. Inc. USD W il mette Ave., Wilmclle, III., ( I 6111111 sound. It min). t Oxygen, 16mm sound, 10 miri., ll&W and color, Coroncl Films, Coronet Bide. Chicago I. III. 3. The A ir W e Breathe, 16min sound, 26 min., B&W; Mine Safely Appliance Co., 5-45 49lli Ave., Long Island Cily, N. Y. or local sales office. 4. The City That Disappear! (Los Angeles), I6inm sound, color, 30 min., (Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park. Calif. 5. A Report on Smog, 16mm sound, color, 20 min. (same source as 4). 6. Kou Bel Your Life, 25 min., 16uun sound B&W, available same source as 3. 7. Use of Oxygen in etviation, TF1-4595, 22 min., I6mtn sound, color, same source as 8. 8. O xygtn, in-Flight Requirements, TF-I-5038A, 25 min., I6min sound, color. Air Force Training Films, Eastern Film Exchange, 1356 Film Library Flight (A PC S) (M A T S ), Marietta Air Force Station, Marietta, Pa. 9. Oxygen-ln-Flight Equipment, T F 1-S038B. 30 m iu, 16mm soutul color, same source as 8. 10. The Physiology o f Anoxia, 30 min., 16mm sound, B&W, same source as II. 11. The Breath of Life, 10 min., 16mm sound color, H. J. Polk, Oxygen Therapy Dept., Linde Air Prod Div, U.C.&C, 30 F. 42nd St . New York 17, N. Y. 12. Safe ami Efficient Oxygen Therapy, 20 min., tOimn sound color, avail, same source as II. 13. Nitrogen Inhalation Therapy, 10 min., 16mm silent color, Dr. II. E. Ilimwicli, Galesburg Slate Research Hospital, Galesburg, III. 14. Solvey Chlorine Emergency Devices, 16mm silent color, 40 min.. Research Dept, Solvcy Process Div, Allied Client. & Dye Corp, Solvcy, N. Y. or local Solvcy sales branch off. 15. Use of the Air-Chtiu Suit, 16mm sound, 30 mill, color. Cost Reduction Section, Chamber Works, Organic Chemicals Dept, E. I. DuPont dcNemours ft Co, Inc. (Penns Grove, N. ).) avail, both with magnetic sound tract it regular optical sound tract. 16. flrsolhinp Apparatus, Fire Dept. Training Film, 16mm sound B&W, 30 min. Public Relations sect. Los Angeles Fire Dept, Los Angeles, C alif, also avail, as Navy Train. Film 17. Breath o f Life, 16mm sound, color, 10 min, Scoll Avia. Corp, Lancaster, N. Y, 18. No. Z Training Film, 16 sound B&W, 20 min, Scott distributors. 19. Damage Control, Oxygen Breathing Apparatus, MN-6931A, 16mm sound, B&W, 22 min. Navy Train. Film, U. S. Naval Train. Aids Center, E. Coast, 207 W. 24th S i, N. Y. 11. N. Y. 20. Rescue Companies, 16mm sound 30 min, by Warwick & Tompkin, Public Rela tions section, Los Angeles Fire Dept, Los Angeles, Calif. 21. Nerve Cos Casualties & Their Treatment, 16mm sound color, 30 m in. Stale CD Offices, or thru Ihe Federal CD Admin. Baltic Creek, Mich, on Fed. contribu tions prog, or thru W. U. Jacques, E. R. Squibb & Co, 745-5ih Ave, New York; N. Y. 22. Gas Obstacle Coarse, TF-14440," 16mm sound, B&W, 19 min, 1943 (A ir Force) - source as 8. Effects of Weather on the Travel o f Smoke & Gas Clouds, TF-l-46i6, ,m sound. B&W, 21 min, 1949, avail, same as 8. ) I u u o ;o . ilf /(/'((!. A regular coml'rcicor and a standli pressor were provided on the air line a week-end, both compressors were out of service, so bottled nitrogen waa mam folded into the line by a tcin]H>rary jumper con nection to maintain instrument air pressure. An employee, aware oC flic circumstances was told to wear a filter-type mask. By habit, however, lie entered the area and was found dead several minutes later due to nitrogen inhalation in the air-line respirator, he had worn instead of die bHer-lype mask. Breathing air systems, using an approved compressor or tank system, should be closely supervised and used only for breathing. Employees whose work takes them out of contact (visual or audiable) with others should be closely supervised. Human error caused this fatality. CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AGAIN Bunker C oil leaks.had sprayed oil over (he walls and ceiling of a small boiler room. Fearing the lire hazard which might result Irom using kerosene oo the electrical equip ment, the plan! engineer had four men use a bucket uf rnrlmn Ictracbloridc will a long-handled brush. 1 Kcspirators of the proper type were pro vided and worn, but due to a missing part am! poor fitting on ou mask, one of ihc men became ill and was hospitalized three weeks with typical carbon tetrachloride poi soning symptoms. A properly adjusted ; respirator, a less toxic solvent (such ns 1, 1, 1 -trichloroethane), aod ventilation--any combination of these measures would have prevented this injury. It was also noted (fiat 'th e injured man occasionally consumed alcoholic beverages-- a contra-indicated action in solvent areas. TUOSGENE , A chemist suffered a major injury when !.phosgene gas containing dissolved HCl es caped from a cylinder too fast for the cap- Jacity ol the hood. The chemist was wearing . Type N universal canister mask, hut he i^oQliced that his eyes were irritated when he i took the mask off moments later in the fresh fn* |i,; Two men who worked alongside him were ^'wearing air-line respirators and did not aielf phosgene nor notice any eye or throat ; kntauoiiv The chemist was hospitalized 10 days from a toxic e x p lo re (| " gefttf fumes, ntif wnn afoeutufcom work (> af>ont one month. The two other mm suf fered no ill effects whatsoever. NO RESPIRATORY TUOTtX TtOX Alchemist was dccom|K>Miig a rvaMi-.n mixture containing phosphorous oxychbuidc in a 'hood hy pouring it over tee onto a four-liter beaker. While his back was turned, the reaction became violcnl and the mixture overflowed onto the hood floor. A smallnmoimt also spilled onto the laboratory floor,|since he did not have a catchpaii under the beaker. Hef directed bis laboratory assistant to leave the room promptly, but stayed behind to tli'ow some ice on the spill on the floor and ci>cn windows. He re-entered the raforjJ after 10 mimilcs, when the fumes had subsided considerably, and cleaned the xp'ffcd matcri'd off the floor. This ri*i|i#icd Iff mimifcls, during which period he inh.thd some of the (nines, chiefly MCI. |( r did n*i use any respiratory protection, alllr>U!;h it was available. i h- d`d ml iiMliir ill <||<rf; jJm I d.# , other than rye and throat irritation, hni he was hospitalized on the following lay for bronchial and pulmonary congestion. Mr was in (he hospital for four days. A vertical catalyst bed was being redded out to remove solids. Dust and fiinn fi*m the solids being discharged at the l*oi!om of the reactor were sufficient to cause couehirfg and discomfort to the operator, nlihoiiidt spot ventilation was being used at ilu t<*p of the column. The operator continued to work t hi* shift, but that night he had an atta-k of nausea and voiuittiug, accompanied lv per sistent coughing. Following a recurrence of the original attack, he was admitted to a hospital for four days. An air line respirator was readily avail able, although the magnitude of Hie dust hazard was no! fully appreciated at Ihc lime During the operation of a small vab* iraclor housed in a harrtrndc, it wan n* - o sary1to cuter the barricaded area and v. ill draw 'jrondensate every half-hour. ThU re moval consisted of open* valve at tin* ) 1957 National S a fe ly Congress bottom of a condenser to check for and remort any unconverted by-products. In per forming thit operation it was necessary to discharge some vapors to insure complete withdrawal of the condensate. The injured had been doing this during his shift without using the air-line respi rator which was prescribed protection equip ment for this operation. In addition to this exposure, he had entered the barricade during the early part of the shift to make minor repairs to a leaky blower. The injured worked for several days with no apparent ill effects. While at home he developed a fever and shortness of breath which was subsequently diagnosed as acute bronchial asthma. He was home for three days. In this case, the injured failed to obey written and verbal instructions to wear an air-line respirator, and the injured's shift leader failed to enforce this rule. Since then, all operators in this group have been reinstructed in the necessity for observing regulations regarding barricade entry, and have been informed that repealed violation of safety regulations may constitute grounds for dismissal. WRONG TYPE MASK An employee washing out a chlorine lank car passed out due to insufficient oxygen. A fellow employee put on a Type N uni versal canister gas mask and entered the car lor rescue purposes. He, loo, passed out and it was necessary to use self-con tained brealliing apparatus to rescue both. Fortunately, both men recovered. * Fire was located in a drying-storage room of steel construction, measuriii A feet x SO feet x 30 feet closed by an abscslos rurlaiu at one end. There was no possibility of ventilating. The room was located on the sixth floor of a factory and contained a large quantity of "wood flour" (pulverized saw dust), used in casting ornaments, con tained in 100# bags. Fire was started by an electric motor in the rear-most portion ol he room. The fire had smoldered for some time and this was heavily loaded with smoke, and asly a high CO and COt content. Alarm as sounded when the heat finally built up enough to activate jg 1er neao. which transmitted an A. 0 . Since very little smoke was visible external to the drying room (which was held at approx 150'F) the first firemen went its without any protection. They were quickly over come. Members of the rescue company followed closely behind using Type N universal can ister masks. These functioned well on the sixth floor outside the drying room, but in side, one of tlicsc five men was overcome. The oilier four heeded the warning sign of "overbreathing" and retreated to fresh air before being overcome. These same men returned to the room after donning selfcontained breathing apparatus. In all, 30 men were overcome in this multiple afarm fire--multiple only because all men from the first companies were overcome. All lb* firemen recovered. NO RESPIRATO RY PROTECTION A chemist was preparing to use hydrogen sulfide for a determination and when the valve was opened, a leak developed because a washer did not seat properly. Before the employee could close the valve, the hydrogen sulfide was ignited by the flame from a btmsen burner located in the same hood. In an attempt to close valve, the employee re-entered the room, without wearing protective equipment, was overcomb and struck Iris head on the edge of a bench as he fell to the floor. H e was res cued by another employee wlm was wearing a demand self-contained breathing appara tus. He was hospitalized for three months and as a result of this incident lost hit sense of smell. ANO TH ER SO LVE N T INCIDENT Two electricians, journeyman and appren tice, were working in a concrete pitfour by six foot top opening and standinl on tbc bottom, tbe ground level was in the proximity of their eyes, nose and mouth Repair of the small motor involved usings solvent an inhibited grade of 1, 1,1-irichlofflftiiane. Approximately 10 minutes after * tcriug the pit, the one electrician appeartf to be swaying, somewhat in a slupor Sid somewhat incoherent. A combination 1 lilting and pushing forced the man out <f the pit. The other electrician used the W; dcr in leaving the pit. ) u u u o - *o C hrm ifo{\ /'('/ ' f~ A lew minutes exposure to fresh nirBrnt lit helper returned a few minutes I,n r. (lie "overcome" electrician stood up Jaupl shouted for help, then went in'vo the tank walked to (he dispensary, Exam inaliorrrtp* to aid the first man wlio Ivat-vnnimrieiii. vealed him to be coherent ami no sinus Dcfore help arrived, the helper was also of narcosis. He rested for about half an overcome, but both men were promptly re hour and returned to his job--by this time moved to fresh nlr.: The helper was suc the job in the pit was completed. cessfully revived, but the mechanic could A few pertinent facts are in o rd er: sol not'be brought back to life. vent was not spilled on the floor of the pit, fjailure to follow established tank-entry the "overcome" electrician had returned to procedures was (he reason given (or this work that morning after being off for sev fatality. eral days due to a bronchial inflammation, INERT CAS and the other electrician never demonstrated Two men entered a kettle to repair an or mentioned any ill effects. agijator, which is normally a two day job. IN E R T C A S fAf T A N K C AR A lank cleaner entered tank car (which had previously contained caustic soda) and started to wash it down with a hose with the bottom outlet open. A fter failing to reappear in a normal time, investigation re vealed file man lying in the bottom of the car. Upon removal'and attempts at resus citation, it was determined that he had died as a result of weak alkali solution having been taken into the respiratory tract. This is strong evidence that the inert gas used to unload the car was a byproduct of chemical operations, low in oxygen and could have contained carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and other constituents. Upon checking the air oxygen and 2000 p|>m oi reducing gases wliicji would commonly be reported as carbon monoxide. Osrf the first day nnlhing unusual happened. Out (he second day the men went into flic ketjle, worked for an hour, and came up for a coffee break. When they re entered kettle, they began to feel weak. They were actually too weak to climh out of the man hole after IS mmtilcs. but finally crawled onl| They came to as they stepped out into (Itejair. After investigation, it was discovered that one of the men had opened an inert pas line instead of an air line. Clwsc t" the top of the keltic was a section for a Im bue to he piped to outside the hemhmy The hose was only half-way down into the kettle. The inert gas was heavier than air, when they bent over to pick up toots, they would get inert gas until they eventually were made ill. Inasmuch as the official coroner's report An engineer went down to inspect a stated that the man fell, to the bottom of the kettle. He began to feel sick and came out. car apparcnlly due to heat exhaustion, there, Upon investigation later they found the was no significant publicity concerning this kettle bad been "blown-out" villi cnrrt gas incident. Corrective measures have been - and did not follow through by removing the taken to avoid any recurrence. gas with proper air ventilation. (The engi- TANK JOB CLAIM S U F E A maintenance mechanic lost his lifg and nce recovered immediately upon leaving the kettle) * his assistant narrowly cscaiicd in tank Inci dent. Repair work had been scheduled inside the tank to begin aficr lunch, and two men as signed to the job. Tire mechanic decided to look over (he job about 11:30 a.m. and went into the tank after sending his helper for A man went into a non-tnamcled kettle. The complete kettle was blanked off v.iih exception of entrance. The kettle had hrm "blown-out" with inert gas. Me was over come. It was necessary to resuscitate the man quite a svhilc before he recovered certain supplies. The inert gas (which con IL L U M IN A T IN G C AS IN TREN C H tained essenlially nitrogen with small per Two melt were working in a series of centages of CO ami CO) supply to the three by seven by scs'cn foot trcmln-s dmj tank had not been shut off, since the me along a 75-foot length of a street. While chanic had not informed anyone of his tapping a high pressure illuminating gas entry. The mechanic was quickly overcome. mtun to install a jumper line into a |,uv i *1* ) I95/ Noliottaf S o ftly Congrtis pressure main, a drill slipped and opened a valve in the tapping machine. Gas was re leased into the trench. One man immediately left the trench, but the other was overcome. A laborer standing oo the bank observed this, and immediately descended into the trench. He tied a rope around the waist o( the unconscious man before lie, too was overcome. Meanwhile the foreman of the job put on an air-tine respirator and went into the trench to close the valve. By the time the two unconscious men were brought to the surface by the foreman, one was sufficiently ill that inhalators could not revive the laborer even alter a ball-hour of resuscitation. The other un conscious man was revived The final score: three men treated at hospital tor gas inhalation while one man was dead on arrival. MASK IMPROPERLY ADJUSTED A near fatality occurred when an oper ator went to tighten a chlorine line in the Waste Treatment Plant and the line disin tegrated thus exposing him to a lull blast of chlorine. He had his face mask on, but due to maladjustment, he was hospitalized for twenty-four hours. NARROW ESCAPE A plant protection officer entered man hole to inspect water valves, collapsed after Itout titter minute, was miromctnus for three and one-half hour*, revived by artifi cial respiration. If there had not been another officer watching and a truck with a rope on it nearby, this would likely have been a fatality. A six inch artificial gas main 30 feet away had broken ami the gas had seeped into the hold. No respirator was worn. M ETitYL O fL O R W ii A leak developed in the methyl chloride compressor which was being used to transfer methyl chloride from the drier through a tank to storage The Irak was first dis covered by a foicman who had heard the Cc'upresJOr pounding and who entered the area to investigate. Two men inhaled excessive quantities of metf 'htoride. An operator entered the area a filter type respirator, but left whet iclccled methyl chloride through Slutifly afterward he was observed staggering and sbouljptrgut$ide. He was wearing a dust respirator* Both men were given oxygen and sent to the dispensary. Each of the men had a pale white complexion with a bright red over tone. An examination of the compressor after the incident showed a crack along the base of the compressor housing. This was caused by liquid methyl chloride in the compressor. The tank had been full for three days and had been frosted over, indicating the presence of liquid. The incident was caused by attempting to transfer through the full tank. OXYGEN W A SN 'T THERE/ During degreasing operations involving the use of Freon-113 '(Trifluorolnchtoroethane), it appears that one operator felt into the tank while attempting to disengage the bas ket. The other operator, without catling for help, immediately entered the tank to go to his assistance. Roth men lost their lives due to suffocation in the oxygen-defi cient atmosphere. In fire safety, we have long hammered at (he point of calling assistance before tack ling any fire atone. The same point should be reiterated again and again in training personnel where the hazards of suffocation or entrapment exist. In many large chemi cal plants, personnel are often widely spaced am! telephones are not always readily avail able nt nil locations. In practically all plants, however, a fire alarm box Is located quite conveniently to all operating stations, bull ing the fire alarm box summons trained assistance and $u|>crviston in a matter of seconds. Where feasible, employees should Ik: trained to use the fire alarm box instinc tively to summon assistance before attempt ing on their own. In any case where hazard evaluation dis closes the possibility of sufiocalion or en trapment, personnel should be thoroughly trained to overcome the instinctive reaction to go immediately to (he victim's assistance and to summon help first by the fastest available means. HYDROGEN SULEiDEi One man suffocated and two escaped death when exposed to H|S. This accident was caused when a precipi tation tank overflowed and spill* ~d- Cftrmiraf fm im tt bearing liquor on the floor. T h c lw u o r drained into a tump near the leach Itation and was then pumped into a reserve flfflHfig tank. Later, pipes from a reserve sulfide holding tank were disconnected, allowing the contents to drain on the floor. The tulfide, during clean-up was washed into the sump and then pumped into the same reserved holding tank. An immediate reaction generated large quantities of H.S, filling the area surrounding the tank. Una ware of this, three employees entered the area. The first employee collapsed just as he passed the tank. The remaining two men walked a few feet further; one collapsed and the other reached a window and called for help. Other members arrived and gave artificial respiration while the ambulance was summoned. On arrival at the hospital, the first employee was pronounced dead. Processing plants and laboratories in the program contain the elements lo produce not only gases like 1 1 ,S but disastrous fires and explosions as well. These can occur from an uncontrolled chemical process read ion or, as in this case, from improper inislme ol two chemicals. Infrequently, storage of incompatible chemicals mu be separated physically for safety, which was done here afterward. More reliably, however, the em ployees should he instructed fully in the adverse effects of (licinical coiiihiiialions possible iri lire operation. A L trilA T tC HYDROCARBONS A pipe-fitter, nged 1 26, wns gassed by aliphatic hydrocarbon \ fumes in a pit 20 feet by 10 feet by 6 feet deep in an oil re finery while he and another man were in serting a blank in a pipeline which had been shut off. Roth men were wearing breathing apparatus supplies with air from a handpump, a Y piece being used to supply, the two sets of apparatus from a single pump. While working in the l'it, the pipe fitter, who was apprehensive and difficult to reas sure, was seen lo remove his mask. The safety attendant, who, with the foreman, was watching from ground level, replaced the mask and assured him that it was work, inR projicrly. Vv'ht-i* ihe jo in t was opened, some liquid escaped owing to residual pres sure, and the pipefitter endeavored to conic away, but was persuaded lo return, i baler, when lie again attempted to leave the pit, hts airline caught on the bottom of the handrail and impeded his exit. Tbi< caused him to panic and tic took off his mask. The foreman and the alcty attendant running to his assistance, putted him to safety as he collapsed. His workmate con tinued to work in the pit without any trouble. After being given artificial respiration and an injection of commute, the pipe-tiller was.rctnoved to hospital -where he rreuvned. The apparatus which he had been wearing wa*Uuhftc<ptrttl(y found to Ik* in f*<vd miter, but St was unwise lo compel him to work under circumstances of which he was ohviouslV afraid. AM M O N IA One afternoon, while the engine-room foreman of an ice-cream factory was stand ing .near an oil separating unit, there was a ro o rt and ammonia liquid and gas ucd from the sump. It was later found that the rubber seal between the elding gla hous ing and (be sump had '`Mown.*' 'I he i m- im r<Km was immediately eva* uVi ** ' ' * m man taking with him ;* * * * I tom a i .mh Ihc fire b u t * * given to ail mi|*I*.<< m t* * * the cuiMeulialioii id gas w in * hw \ p** the canister respirator, the foreman w;i< unable lo rc-cutcr Ihc engine room t<* reach the ammonia isolating valve. The gas .picad rapidly through the factory area and many of the 100 employees, most of them women, were affected. There was some degree cf panic ami women were rescued from the canteen hy firemen. Sixteen women employees and two firemen were admitted to hospital but nulv three persons were detained overnight. Seven of the women were sufficiently affected 1 require notification. Occupants of homes within a radius of 50 yards of the factory were also affected. The firm had already been advised to provide self contained breathing apparatus and they were again advised to keep apparatus of this hind out side the engine room as well as the canister respirators. TII'O PATAU A C C W n N T S I M T U HP.NZP.NP. V A P O R In one accident a lalnircr, aged 2 .1, was fatally gassed and an ambulance room atten dant and a fireman were also gashed white oq ) ) 7 Notional Safety Congress rinpiing to rescue him. The foreman had rn instruction for four of n series of l*rrol tanks to be cleaned alter they I keen steamed out, tested and declared <*r from gas. While the laborer with his -ikmate was preparing to start work on tank which had been steamed out, he en ured about another tank which had not ren steamed and was told they were not >ttructed to clean that tank. When the workmate returned alter fetch* ng a respirator and a lifeline he saw (hat a 'adder and hose pipe had been lowered into the unsteamed tank and that the laborer had unaccountably entered without a lifeline or respirator. After shouting for help he at tempted to enter the tank, at the bottom of which there was about 12 inches of liquid, but was forced to come out because of the fumes. During the rescue operations a fireman, who in his hurry entered the tank without a mask, was gassed, as was the ambulance room attendant who had donned a fresh-air mask and a lifeline hut dislodged his face mask while in the tanks and lost conscious ness. The laborer was given artificial respi ration and oxygen but failed to recover. The other fatal case was a benzol house attendant aged 47, who was found lying prone and unconscious on the floor, which was saturated with benzol. He was im mediately dragged into the open air and artificial respiration was started at once, this being continued with the aid of a rocking stretcher oxygen also being given. Despite this treatment, he was found to be dead on arrival in hospital. When the distillation temperature had been reached St was the attendant's duty to reduce the steam sufficiently to allow distil lation to proceed in the normal manner. If this was not done, the crude motor spirit would boil tapidly and would eventually overflow on to the floor. After the accident, the plant was found to be in order, and it was assumed that the accident was due to the use of too much steam. c a r u o n d isu lp h id e Following the discovery of a leak at a rotary va' ~*n an electric arc furnace used for the ration of carbon bisulphide, the maria coded that breathing appara- was ns ary white repairs were being effected nix] lie issued a pcnniMor^pxk cotificatc accordingly. Without being In* slmrtcd to do so, a laborer climbed up ladder to the top of the furnace. He was not wearing breathing apparatus and, being overcome by escaping gas, he fell to the ground about 10 feet below. After recovering consciousness he was able U to walk to the ambulance room. H , `ver. f_li_cr_e was HnVoTtl :suufficiecnti vcenntilli.nlijipMAi'fhp. pD~reven"t th.e....w.. orker f'rom inhaling fumes to make him sick to his stomach. The proper type Canister Respirator was available on the lower floor but the person was not familiar witii its use. NO RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Several specific instances are known where Cite f finfii th i*,M . ,,---- - <*/ 15c* 'W>"i*t oo** ,, area. Tin's latter incidenCiy~7nT*rltwviddccdd cenann-re for an additional problem and usually ended in a lost lime injury. Many limes the in dividual would go outside for fresh air where it was loo cold for his condition, lie would catch cold and would come car u* developing into pneumonia. POUR CASES OF CHLORINE r. personnel should have worn protective erjuip- POISONING j matt and did not although it was available In four cases in which only slight expo- j, and the specific personnel were familiar sure to chorine gas occurred, the effects " with use. For the most part these instances were stated to have been aggravated by the r involved professional grade personnel of (he existence of a previous chest condition. 1 "difficult personality" category engaged in ___ , Research and Development, injuries were -- ------- a "plant operator J in all of these cases from volatile vesicants. One of these case > w)lcn addin | and though injuries were serious enough to who inhaled a whin ot vessel under j have resulted in lost time, there was, in :(rr Vp^ T c,,ior`,c hiyiKdruoucvhclorjiucw u ic,te i*kc7i " Ha^ving ^ put a * \ <M*H', no *lo*st *tim e*. r-- 1,1 slurr7y of sodium chlorite. TTih,.ee doctor whe I ;5 ,.n treated him in hospital considered that the | j t-ince<lT '"stance the employee was con- inhalation of a small amount o f chlorine I .-.-.-. .tw0 xuasve. "cconmimcended safety pnrro~c-e. had "triggered off" an acute attack - - ` duWres by a c"omb"i*n"a'tio"n o--f--g--r-e-a--tly incrPeasCeCd' mPWanH subject ttuo ratsbtihu imiMa.. supervisory pressure and alarmist industrial A process operator, aged 32, whose expo hygiene propaganda, in another instance sure to chlorine from a leak in a plant for such stresses produced no apparent effect. During $ie time this particular process was being developed, operators got used to (he chlorine type odor. A t this same lime the self-contained breathing apparatus was not the popular item it is today. A chemical cartridge respirator was what they gener ally carried draped about their neck. Prob ably mnnyi times the (rouble was located and the mask removed after the contami nated area* was under control without the operators* having an exposure. A number of times though, the capacity of the cartridge was unknowingly depleted by prior nsjcs. Then again, the general c*ntamination ^vouhl instill in the operator lhe idea that Ins mask was 0.K . when it tcdly wasn't. The operator would then pil,*irr the chlorination of dimethylaccta) was slight, suffered from cough, breathlessness and pain RESPIRATORY PROPLEMS his d i p beyond lim its and have an rsp'iMO' To sum up then an operator: in the chest. The chest physician, who found a lesion in ltihte Iledf!t upper tzoone and kepr t...h..i.m.1 uunnddeerr oobbsseerrvv;at`ion a't res-t at home to assess thbec activity of the tubrculos lesion, thought the infection was a factor greater than chlorine exposure in this cast A night watchman, aged 58. said to haw had n previous chest condition, siiffnd from a sensation of choking, cough and respiratory tightness following a slight leal of chlorine from , control valve. The fourth case h. .hi, group was a filter, aged 57, who, with other men was cleanug Were' wearin;,<r.,K^ P,C in;urc<i. they a!So We j'laVe Cs,n.r:l0ry equipment and i them Cven ,i, l,Cm, ,nJur`d by not wearing , of ,,le 1TM,,,""!' T r . Z ' " vailable. Some who think the * '>mobe Eater" type If lUnd-hv .t' 1 cl a*?'8 without the f- : . / tu*P"ent ' , K Problem with anv 1 knowing he HmitZ } f * Particular device.' Actually n .. f bte.ihW jj,, hJ tl ^ J* fact that ' n,0, . . . . . . Brc, ,a r less than any of a. would not know die conthti<*n< id his mask because lie was generally conditioned to the contaminant. b. would not know the remaining capa city of the mask. c. would realize hat fhe mask was not working but would remain in the area thinking he could get by or * hold his breath a moment longer in to^ order to complete (he job. The I til# *se^co!n^d**--p4arJt of thhe prowblcem refers T *"* P*P'e that do not use if.. an air-cooler plant from which some wstu containing tour p p m . of chlorine was leak- ^ tTM '"'. l * addition, tlie operator does avaitable. Th"sl Tee tie " S T or die ones di.it r?*mlc il,ot- r- C ing. The Other men were unaffected by * f ? <" k m a S ? small amn oouunntt o01f cehmloorritnnee,, bduuet mhee fniulleevt &> -r ls efficient oxygen in (he a;r who was staled lo be a heavy smoker, whhkifdc t ./r^*n( ot|* Partuicuilar _p_r_o_c_es_s we were con caused him t*o0 coughn comntminuuuouuMsljyr, becaof J T<,*,ttcd. w--i-t-h a" tm'nilbucvr 0o1f staigKes ,Vin,Cwhirl. unconscious and suffered from lachryymmaatlioiB Wwccrr*i mnoorte or less opeen. #| W "1|, * Even to,by w h h t c scR-eon' ktealhmg apparatus aviibhlr .1 **rac*,ce. c--o--i-i--i-imirc 4r w i tn--e-s-s-e-d` * !l* a contaminated area (F Jf fog). This particular entry was made for no | S r if ';,;': - x -45 IMMKWS* r a n u n o - f . ^ A laboratory ttclmician was cltantnl ikV Chlorine is consiclcrv.1 l.,.. r . good reason a! all. Two men were putting their and t,hwsies,lf'Cfeolnlolwamrddecbidrerdnthtmo ggoappinar.awtuiTMtsh on a b,hian.dketrrcclh.icef over his, nomsce. UIt ,turned nu'!' ^ v r r k i i t i J r , r tar a a sink in front of an open window. Hr , dcfini.c odor ft s ventitators s o l n l Z t Z Z T J area, and normal entry could be made. ' 31 195J National S o ftly Conyrtsj SO/1P D UST Our operation i] essentially a soap manu facturing plant and tlie air in our factory is frequently contaminated with soap dust front detergents and dust arising from fine woodflour and cornmcat. We issue our em ployees a dust mask (not Bureau of Mines ap proved).The filter element consists of a honey comb construction of whipped foam latex. This device does a modest job of filtering' however, we lien compleldjJ satisfied. Despite the fact that we hate issued masks to alt personnel about half of our personnel prefer to use an ordinaij handkerchief wrapped about tlieir facer which appears to do a satisfactory jtl without the unpleasantness of the di mask..A. oututiE roa s a i c t m o aisri*tor r a o t t c n m devices uuiKii; i ) LABORATORY AND PLANT SAFETY (A Symposium) LABORATORY BARRICADING OF HIGH PRESSURE AND EXTRA HAZARDOUS REACTIONS i by GODFREY J . MOLL chem ical engineer, Cl BA Pharmaceutical Products, Inc., Summit, N. J. S|f tO TlliM d HMwit*h9%k bUf Safety engineers are often called on to le or approve plans for laboratories which high pressure or extra hazardous will be safely operated. In these '.the protective shield or barricade is only fixed piece of safely equipment .will remain operable 100 per cent of time. Equipment, instrumentation, and for-devices are all apt to fail at any lime less of maintenance and ins|>ectioii. Judgement of the best-trained operating iknuintl need only be wrong once. The Jhuricade may lie considered as the primary jafely device. ?( High pressure and extra hazardous rc`ttff.jmith projects arc being carried out in " mlanricaded laboratories in many univer- and at some industrial research centers United States. Workers at these in is will point with pride at their per- tafety record, but tomorrow might yield first and last accident The manageof Cl BA Pharmaceutical Products Inc. Summit, N. }., has recognized the risk Irrd in not barricading high pressure lions. pur high pressure laboratory was conled in a built-up area presenting the m of not only protecting the operating id but also the personnel of adjacent itings from Ihc cfTcrls of missiles amt waves. A suitable barricade was conled of 16-inch reinforced concrete with 'yrdector wall of similar construction eight from the frangible wall. Further piowas provided by hanging onc-half Rnff blast mats between the buif!aod tlie reflector wall, wtiirli would (ferrate on the ballistic pendulum theory in missiles and dissipating shock This is but one approach to the of barricading. (T h e question often arises as to what should be considered hazardous enough to vfnrrant flic expense of barricading. Some authors feel that when equipment is in stalled to handle iunatmnahlc materials :u pressures greater than 500 psi llte use of some form of barricade should l*c rourid crcd. When research at high gas pirsuircs 1 work on known explosives i< cmidtirird life protection of personnel and nihii i.uni ties with an adequate bairn.nit mil l )- considered. In small-scale flow experiments v.brc if amount of material in process is -mall, it common to use pressures as high as reii.d thousand pounds without special barricades. Once it lias been decided to build a barri cade there arc still many questions to be answered. The (wo most important as far as the barricade is concerned arc the mate rials of construction and their thickness. MUST KN O W MISSILE If we knew the velocity, wei :bt ;md shape of the missile and tlie mtviimmi force expected from ait explosion, wc could de sign a barricade using a minimum wall thickness. Hatricadcs must Ik- deriem ! prevent penetration by large missiles at b*u velocity, such as reactor heads, and :d-o small missiles' at high velocity, sir h a* lobtug, nuts or oilier small fittings. f'eurtiatioil is dependent u | miii (lie v v l o e i l ) o f ib e missilc at impact. tit physical properties o f the missile, and th.- characteristic o f the material used to cor truct the harrier. The speed of sound has been suggested n velocity, as most objects when pi-p*lbd through air decrease in velocity to the speed of sound. If missiles of higher velocity arc expected, the modified l*ctry equation for Penetration can still br -sed to calculate a .it r u ut; ; /9J7 N ational S a fe ty C o n g ru s C hrinino f n i h ' - t ' , rUILISH CASE HISTORIES Still another letter recommended publish ing actual case histories of the misuse of toxic chemicals and their results. Since the same toxic chemicals are used in many laboratories or pilot plants, it would no doubt be worthwhile to make available in formation of this kind. Selling up a toxicology chart was another idea received. This chart could enutain columns giving the name of the toxic material, maximum allowable concentration, appearance, the type of operation where this material would be used, how it is absorbed t by the body, the symptqn^ first aid and the U. Poisoning (Home and Fon), M safe way to use the chemltat. Gleason, R. E. Gorkclin, H. 1I<k I'pr- The Williams ir Wiljcins Co., 1957. These are all good ideas but your com f. 15. Accidental Poisoning in Childhood, mittee on Toxic Chemicals needs more io- i't., Edw. Press, American Academy of fortnalion both on an expansion of the pro t 6G' Pediatrics, 1801 Hinman Ave., F.vaus- ceding ideas listed as well as new oms'{ ton, III. RA 12I6-AS2. 1956. It is the responsibility and moral obliga jT 14. Toxic Solvents, Dr. Ethel Browning, tion of each of us to do what we can tg K; Edw. Arnold St Co., London. RA 1270, further the cause of safe practices wlikk will prevent suffering and the loss of humaa S6II8, 1953. life. Please send your ideas on the we ojE Handbook of Poisons, Dr. Rolicrt H. toxic chemicals to R. V. Montello, HeTM| i. Dreisbach, Lange Medical Publication, search Division, National Cash Register | . Los Alios, Calif. RA 1211-D7. 1955. Company, Dayton 9. Ohio.-^x i t 'l l . Poison*--Their Isolation and Identifi- cations. Frank Bamford, The lilakis- r r * ton Co, Philadelphia. RA 12U-B23, 1951. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TOXIC CHEM ICALS Prepared by: Toxic Chemicals Committee, Laboratory and Pilot Plant Group, Chemical Section of the National Safety Council 19. Manufacturing Chemists' Assoc. Cliemi- r eal Safety Data Sheets (covering about 70 chemicals) complete list of publica tions available from Manufacturing Chemists' Assoc, Inc, 1625 Eye S t, N. W , Washington 6, D. C. (Refer also to Warning Labels Manual, Mau- V, ual L -l) i This compilation ol references on toxic chemicals is made possible through the coop eration of the following committee numbers: John E. fox. safety director of the Mon santo Chemical co., Texas City, Tex.; Robert A. Quisno. president. Hill Top Re search Institute, Inc., Miamivific, Ohio and Ralph V. Montello, head, materials dept. Research D iv, National Cash Register Co, Dayton, Ohio Assisi :unc was also given hy J. It. Illarh, tlcpailim-ut of health, education, and welfare; A. II. Christian, American Viscose Corp.; H. H. Fawcett, General Electric Co ; and ]. N. Romine. Phillips Petroleum Co. The scope of this work is aimed at pre senting a list ol rclctcnccs on the toxic chemicals useful to members of Ihe chemical industry, ll covers books and periodicals. ROOKS 1. Toxicology and Hygiene o f Industrial Solvents. Lehmann and Flury, The Williams & Wilkins Co. 2. The Symptoms and Treatment o f Acute Poisoning. G. 11. W. Lucas. Toronto, Clarke, Irwin X: Co. Ltd, 1952. ' J. Handbook of Emergency Toxicology, Iney Kaye, Charles C. Thomas, .her, 195*1. 4. Aecitlrnl Prevention Manual for / f. 20. National Satcly Council Inductrial duslrial Operations, 3rd Edition, Na ' Data Sheets (covering about 40 chemi tional Safety Council, 1955. cals) complete list available from N a 5. Dangerous Properties o f Inefustrial Ms tional Safely Cotmril, 425 N. Michigan Ave, Chicago II, Illinois. Irrinls, by Sax, 1957. (This book it (lie latest work by Sax and followj kb . 21. Chemical Safety,; Supervision, by J. Handbook o f Dangerous Materials) >. Guelich, 221 pages. Reinbold Pub. 6. F.neyclopedia of Chemical Technology . Corp, New York, 1956. $4.50. New York, Tutcrscicncc, 1947. v. 12 f : 22. Modern Occupational Medicine, by 7. Mimttfacut* mg ( brini,I, Associafios Fleming. D'Alonio and Zapp, 414 pages, Safety in the chemical laboratory. Ntx l.ra Ik Fcbigcr, Plillndclplila, 1954. . York, Van Nostrand, I9S4. I,. 21. Poisoning, by W. F. von Oettingen. 8. Pieters, ; Honore A. S afely in Ibi ITk,. , 5p2a4rtapiaegnets,oPf auHl aBrp.eHr o&ebeBr,roIns,c , NDeew- chemical Moratory. London, Rutto- :i| / York 16. N. Y. worth, 1951. 9. National Safely Council. SuperminiJ ; 24. Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology, in safely uiuuuof. Chicago, 1956. two volumes, by F. A. Patty, 1138 pages. Interscience Publishers, In c, 10. Association ol British Chemical Mus New York, 1949. facturera. Safely rules for usi i 25. Industrial Toxicology, hy Hamilton & chemical luorlts. London, 1952. Hardy, second edition, 574 pages, Paul 11. Macfariane, Donald 1. Safely in indus B. Hoeber, Inc, Harper & Bros, New try; and introduction to the proteetm V* York, 1949. of personnel. New York, Philosophic^ 24. Industrial Toxicology, by Fairhafl, 4P.) Library, 19SS. .,i pages, Williams & Wilkins Co, Haiti- 12. Blake, R. P , cd. Industrial safely, Ml f'V more, 1949. cd. New York, Prenlice-Hall, 19SJ. jj:27. Toxic Eye Hasards, Pub. No. 494, 101 13. The Merck Index o f Chemicals s>fj f Page*. The National Society lor the Drugs, Merck & Co, Inc, I9S" *tt T'rcvculbin ol lUuulue J . " - , CM Stoatlway, New York 19^Kj V , $I.Ui. Clinical Toxicology, by Thicne* and Haley, *157 pages, Lea & Fchiger. Philadelphia, 1955. 29. Handbook o f Toxicology, Vol. I, F.diled by W. S. Spcctor, 408 page, \V. H. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1951. Toxicity o f Industrial Organi* .W vents, by E. Browning, 411 j>ajjrs, !*'* vised American Edition, 1953, Clictm d Publishing Co., New York 10, N. Y. 31 Assoc. Bril. CHem. Mfgrs. Safety rules for use in chemical works. Pi. Model rules, 3rd cd., 1947. Pt. 2 --De tailed instructions, 1950. 32. Atomic Energy Commission. Effects o f atomic weapons. Combat Eorce Press, 1950. a Jlloiit, E. R. jt/onofiirri. Intcrscicnce, ] 1951. IBrowning, K. Toxic solvents. K. Arn old & Co., London, 195J. Elkins, H. B. Chemistry of vuluslrUd toxicology. Wiley, 1950. (iuclicb, J. Chemical safety jiom. RciuboM, 1956. Hamilton, A. (nduttriol poisons i:i the United States. Macmillan, 1929. Henderson, Y. St Haggard. II. \V. Noxious go res, 2nd ed. Rcitihold. 1943. Jacobs, M. 1). Analytical chemistry of indttsirial poisons, hazards and solvents, 2nd cd. iiilrrviciHr, 1950. 40. Johnstone, R. 'I*. Occupotionot dneoses. Saundcr, 1942. 4L Johnstone, R. T. Occupational i: ediiine and industrial hygiene. C. V. Moshy Co, 194. 42. Lehmann, K. 1). & Fltny, R. Toxi cology olid hygiene of iiidtuh hi/ sol vents. 43. McNally, W. D. Toxicology-Atuhtstrial kfedise. Industrial Medicine, Chicago, 1937. 44. Manufacturing .Chemists* Assoc. <7r>erol sofety guide fur safety in the chemical laboratory. Van Nosiiatid, 1954. 45. Sax, N. I. Handbook of daunt rain materials. Reiuhold, 1951. 45 ) W57 National S o f tl y Congrtss 46. Von Oellingen. W. F. Hologtnaltd hydrocarbons, to i in ly and potential dnngrrt. U. S. Public Health Service, Pub. No. 414. IV5S. 47. Iljorksten Research Laboralorfc,. Health haiards (ol polyesters) Page 247-52, 558-61, in book "Polyesters and their applications" Rtinhold, 1956. 48. Williams, J. L. & K. J. Cleereman. Physiological properties ol polystyrene. Page 491 in Chapl. 10 o f book "Styrene, its polymers, copolymers and derivatives," ed. by R. H. Boundy & R. F. Boyer. Reinlrold, 1952. 12. Physically toxic chemicals and indus trial hygiene. J. C. McGonyh.A.M.A. Archives Ind. Health 11:315-23, April, IV55. 13. Power engineering handbook; maxi mum allowable concentrations o f toxic vapors and gases. J. D. Constance Pow er Eng. 60:122. March, 1956. 14. Annals o f medicine; ease o f carbon tetrachloride poisoning. B. Roueche New Yorker. 31:35-6, Feb. 26, 1955. 15. Engineering phases o f plants health control. W . A. Cook. Chem. & Eng. News. 29:1517-18, April 16, 1951. 27. Studies on the toxicity and r4 ( o f compounds used in the plasties industries; ncc/lerate{ w to rr, and antioxidants. P. S. Mallelic anti Is. von llanin. A.M.A. Archives Ind. Hygiene and Occup. Med. 5 -.311-17, April 1952. 28. Toxic tnetols cause u n v industrial disease problems. W. Schwctsltctmer. Iron Age. 168:159-60, Dec. 6, 1951. 29. Toxicity of ethylene dihromide deter mined on experimental esnimots. V. K. Rowe & others. A.M.A. Archives Ind. Hygiene & Occup. Med. 6:158-73, PERIODICALS 1, Gleason, Marion N. Clinical toxicology of commercial products, Furns and MacEachem, 1957. 2. Dretsbach. Robett H. Handbook o f poisons. Lange, 1955. 5. Decomposition products introduce hat- ord to health. H. H. Sclirenk. Ind. & Eng. Chem. 47: sup 87A-8-A, Dec 1955. 4. Increased industrial use o f zirconium has stimulated stsnlies to evaluate health hatard. Ind. St Eng. Clicm. 46: supp 99A-100A + , Dec. 1954. 5. Criteria for , the diagnosis o f occupa tional illness. It. A. Kelroe Ind. Med. 24:427-42. Oct. 1955. 6. Hasardous exposure to some so-called soft solvents. J. P. Huges. Nat. Safe. News 70:50, Dec. 1954. 7. Evaluation o f toxicity R. S. Ingals. bibliog. Sewage & Ind. Wastes 27 .26-33, Jan. 1955. 8. Bronchial asthma and aslhmalic bron chitis in lb* chemical industry It. Lerner. Ind. Med. 24:454-8. Oct. 1955. 9. Meltan, lbert and Meitan, Eleanor. Dictionary o f poisons New York, Philosophical Library. 1956. 10. Health and safely problems increase as commercial production and industrial applications o f hydrazine increase. H. H. Schrcnk. Ind Sr Eng. Chem. 46: sup 93A-95A, Ag. 1954. U. Commnnicolions lines and problems o f a toxicology laboratory working fo r indn H. E. Smyth, Jr. A M.A. Arc 'nd. Health IS: 269-73. April. 16. Field o f chemical hygiene. H . F.' Smyth, Jr., Chem. & Eng. News ,30. 29 :1196-7, M arch 26, 1951. 17. H ow la gel rid o f toxic industrial wastes. Eng. News., 146:300-1, J L H 1951. 18. Medical a tfcclt o f the industrial hy 31. giene Program, j . H. Sterner. Chem. i Eng. News. 29:1399-401, April 9, 1951. 19. Prevention o f accidents when handle/ . 32. chemicals. It. Windcrlich. J. Cbem 11 Educ. 27 -.670-3, Dec. I9S0. 20. Sulfuric acid; hazards and precaution; 33. data sheet. Nat. Safety N. 63:39-404-, May I9SI. 21. Toxic effects o f exposure to voters, r34. o f alipholes amines. H. Brieger & W. A. Hades. A.M.A. Archives lai Hygiene and Occup. Med. 3:287-91,' 35. March 1951. ' 22. Toxic substances; their properties, tf - fe d s , and controls. Management data 36. sheets. Factory Management, 108:13k I* 138, 140, Dec. 1950. 109 :142, 144, Jaa 1951. 7 23. H ow to control hazardous subslaeuii G. A. Sherman. Safety Maint. & Pro! 103:62-4. June 1952. 37. 24. Ma.rinitmt oltowable eoncenlralions. R. II. Schrcnk. Ind. 8t Eng. Client. 4J:| sup I05A-106A+. Dec. 1951. * 38. 23. Organic polyphosphates; safe wapwoj '' o f handling them. Nat. Safety Hers, 64 :124 6, Dec. 1951. -1 26. Safe handling o f hazardous nutlteidsf 39. L. B. Johnson and R. D. Lawrottl *, Mill and Factory. 50:134-8, Mud'' 1952. * August 1952. Toxicological study o f some polypro pylene glycols. C. B. Shafler and others. A.M.A. Archive* Ind. Hy giene & Occup. Med. 3:448:53, May 1951. Amy! acetals; hazards and precautions; data slice!. Nat. Safely News 68:30-14-, August 1953. Chemical hazards in glass and ceramic industries. J. A. Houghton. Glass Itttl. 34:369-371, July 1953. Experience accumulalrd in three years o f an occupational medical clinic. H. L. Hardy. Ind. Med. 21 .-424-6. Sept. 1952. Health; snore care /} needed. G. G. Carr. Iron Age. 170:21-2, Dec. 25, 1952. I How sofeart safety solvesetsf M. 2. Poliakoff. Nat, Safety News. 67 38-9+ , Feb. 1953. Studies in the toxicity and shin efecls of compounds used in the rubber and plastics industries. F. S. Mallctte if E. vonHaant. A.M A. Archive* Ind. Mol. tt Occup. Med. 5:311-17; 6:231-42, April. Sept. 1952. Xylene and toluene; hazards ond pre- > caulionr; data sheet. Nat. Safety News. 68:38-9 + , August 1953. Current method o f drlertnining safety in the application o f new chemicals. T. W. Male. Ind. Med. 20:50+6, Nov. 1951. Toxicity and Health Hazards o f Boron Hydrides, by E. H. Krackow, A.M.A. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, 8, 335-339, Oct. 1953. 1957. ooo3(;;i Chemical Industrie* Unpublished papcr( "Rdspiralory f`n>- . tection," hy H. H r^ f^ c c tt, presented ' to Greater Nctv VurtoHifciy C iu ik i March 21. 1957. 4|. Investigation o f Accident Int-alviats Titanium and Red Fuming Nitric Acid, Dec. 29, 1953, Information Circular 7711, U. S. Bureau ol Mines. 4W*> Forbes Street, Pittsburgh 13, Pa. (Anarch 1955); see also Injury amt Death from Kerf Fwmirtp Nitric Acid, by|*A. J. McAdams, ?r. and S. Krop. J.A.M.A. 158, 1022-1024 (.July 2.1, 1935); and Nitrogen Dioxide, Hy gienic Guides available at 25c from American Industrial Hygiene Assm., 141p5 Prevost, Detroit 27, Michigan. 42. l,t;TTrichlorocthane, Hygienic Guide, available at 25c from American In dustrial Hygiene Assoc., 14125 Frcvosi, Detroit 27, Michigan; see also Nat. SafMy Council Safely Data Shirt. t , 1 -TrichforoetUtwc, available May 1. 195/' from Nat. Safely Council. -I.!5 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago U, Illi nois. 43. Hazards of Isocyanates in Pulytn r thane Foam Plastic Production, hy I. A. Zapp, A.M.A. Archiver erf Industrial Health. 75, 324-330, April 1957. 44. The Mean Amines, by P. 1. Hailey, National Safety News, 74, p. 61. Nov. 1956. 45. Dry Ice (CO#), Chemical Safely Data Sheet, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago II, Illinois. 46. Accident Prevention in Childhood-- The Kerosene Hazard, hy Hugh A. Car 'hers. J.A.M.A. 159, 109-111, Sept 10, 1955. 47. JLcl'j Stop Killing and CrippUtut Our Children, by H. F. Dietrich, Cadies' Home foumal, LXXII, No. 9, p. PI. Sept. 1955. 48. Public Health Aspects o f P o iso n in g , by E. P ress, J.A .M .A . 163, 1550-2; How T o x ic Is / t f , hy R. E. Gnsscfm. J.A .M .A ., 163, 1333-7; P ra c tic a l M o n agcm fnt o f C om m on Poisoning, hy ! M. A rena, J.A .M .A .. 163, 1341*3; Manufacturer L o o k s at C hild Pois*m- inq, hy J . H . F ou lg cr, J.A .M .A . 163. 1344 7, A pril 13. 1957. 49. Operational Memoranda * Economic Poison, by Tech Dcvcl CRC PO t ) 7 National S a fe ty Congress ) 0003C4 Chemical Indnsb 769, Savannah, G a, Revised April 1, 1956. I. Indurirla! Hygiene Digest, Monthly, published by Industrial Hygiene Foun dation, 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh 13, Fa. I. A M.A. Arch, of Industrial Health, monthly, published by The American Medical Assoc., 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago 10, Illinois. SI. American Industrial Hygiene Assoc., Quarterly, published by the A.I.H.A.. Howard N. Schulz, Editor, 605 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago H, Illinois. 5J. HuUttin of Hygiene Reprints, Monthly, Bureau ol Hygiene & Tropici! Dis eases, Keppel S t, Gower Street, W.C. 1, London, England. 54. Special Hazards Bulletins o l the Assoc. Casualty and Surety Companies, 0 John S t, New York 38, N. Y. 55. Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for Carcinogenic Activity, refs. Reinforced Plastica .D ir-- S P I ' 78. MacDougall, J.D.B. Confer. 1951. Sect. 16. on silicont' rubbers 1 64. Coleman. E. H . Sc C. A. ThoWM stances. Nature 172, I; Products of combustion of chlorinated 953). ......... plastics. J. Appi. Chem. 4, 379-83 79. McKinley, C. Scott. Practical experi (1954). I-; ence* with dangers and illnesse* from 65. Crauch. A. G. Toxicity of some of the plastics. Ind. Med. 7d, 432-4 (1947). newer Nasties. Ind. Med. 75, 168-70 80. McKinley, C. Scott. Practical precau (1946). 66. Erwin, J. R. Tiberglas plastics. Indus- tions with plastics. Occupational Haz ards 10, No. 3, 14. 38 (1948). trial medical aspects and experiences. < 81. Mallete, F. S. 4 E. von Haam. Toxi Ind. Med. id, 439-41 (1947). ' city and skin ellects of compounds r 67. Goss, A. E 4 A. M. Ross. Effective . used in the rubber and plastics indus control a l lead dust in manufacture ol i t ? tries. 1, Accelerators. 2 . Plasticizers. vinyl plastics. ASME Paper #52, ^ ; 3. Carcinogenicity ol carbon black ex A -159 meeting, N ov, D ec. 1952. tracts. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med- 68. Grimaldi, J. V. Hazards of synthetic S, 311-17 (1952); 6, 231-42 (1953). plastics. Medi. Eng. 72, 987-9 (1950). 82 M orris, G. E. Condensation plastics: 69. Kaskie, J. C. Toxicity of Z-ethylhexyl their dermatological and chemical as diphenyl phosphate; studies of the ex pects. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. traction of Sanlicietr 141 from poly 5, 37-43 (1952). vinyl chloride films by foodstuffs under j 83. Morris, G. E. Synthetic rubbers. Their various conditions o f storage Arch I< chemistry dermatological aspects. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8, 281-3 (Sept, J Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8. 540-6 (1953). 2nd E d, by j. I- Hartwell, 583 pages. Public Heallli Service Pub, No. 149, 1951, U .S.G .PO , Washington, D. C, *4 2S. 19S3). 70. Lehman, A. J. St W. I , Patterson. FDA acceptance criteria; determining safety of chemicals used in food pack 84. Morris, G. E. Fifty! Plastics. Their dermatological .I'lurli. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med, 8, 535-9 (1953). 85, 86, 87.--omitted. 56. Data Sherfr on Toxic Chemicals issued by American Industrial Hygiene Assoc, 14125 Prevost, Detroit 27, Michigan. 57. Toxicological Reviews of the Ameri can Petroleum Institute, Dept, of Safety, 50 W. 50th S t, New York City. N. Y. 58. American Petroleum Institute. A P I toxicological reviews. 1st series, 1948; 2nd series, 1953. 63 reviews. aging materials. Mod. Packaging 28, 115-20 (1955). 71. Lehman, A. )., et al. Procedures for the appraisal of the toxicity of chemi i cals in food, drugs and cosmetics. Food, ' Drug, Cosmetic J. 10, 679 (O c t, 1955).^ 72. Lehman, A. J. Title Unknown-on' safety in food packaging. Assoc. Food :m 4 Drug O ff, U. S. Quart. Bull. 19, V (1955). 73. Lieber, E. E. Dermatitis--an industrial 88. Oser, 13. L. Evaluating safely ol chemicals in packaging materials, Uibliog. Food Eng. 27, 57-9 (April, 1955). 89. Penn. Dept. Labor 8c Industry. Safe guarding of health in the plasties in dustry. Safe Practice Bull. N o. 88, Jan, 1942. 90. Penn. Dept. Labor 4 Industry. Safety in the manufacture and application of acrylic plastics. Safe practice B ull 95, May. 1942. 59. Amer. Cyuumid. Co. Toxicology of oerylonilrih, August 1954. 60. A n o n . Barrier greases p ro lc c l w o r k e r s ; d e i'n a tite s fro m sy n th etic g lu es an d resins. C hem . A ge. 7J, 739-40, O cto b er 1955. 6 !. Barail. L. C. Biology of plastics. S P E Journal 9. # I. 14-5, 1953. 6Z. Berger, L. B , et al. Toxicity and flame resistance of l/irrmo-setting plastics, U. S. Bur. Mines, Rept. Invest. 4134,October '"47. 63. Bradi siderai forced I. Industrial hygiene con m manufacture of rein lire (polyesters) 9pp. 17 % problem. Brit. Plastics 28, 428 (Oct,'. 195S). 74. Little, G. E. formaldehyde in derma titis attributable to synthetic reiis glues, llrit. Select Govt. Res. Repu V. 7-- Adhesives. 1950. i 75. Loeser 4 Bornmann. Biological efledi' of monomeric styrene. Fette, Seitcail, Austrichmiule 58, (3), 181 (1956). - 76. Luvont, R. Dermatitis from phttol-, 91. Plastics Materials Mfg. Assoc Contact dermatitis from synthetic tesin adhe sives. 1945. 92. Pokrovski!, V. A. Professional Imzards in the production oi synthetic rubber (in Russian). Gigiena i, Sauit, 1953, No. 9, 17-23. Rogers, J. C. Industrial hygiene prob lems in the field of plastics. Arch. Ind. Health 12, 749-1 (O c t, 1955). crtsalic resins. Ross. med. ind. 22, 333-6 (1953). 'i 77. McCormick, W . E. Industrial health problems in the rubber industry, Ami- lad. Hyg. Quart. 13, 37-51 (1952), , Salvini, M. Occupational sickness in manufactures ol phenolic resins. Folia Med. (Naples) 36, 691-9 (1953). Schrenk, H. H. Basic considerations in evaluating health hazards of food packaging materials. Ind. Eng. Client. 47, sup. 95-6/ljj (Q cl, 1955). 96. Schrenk,- V L iit,Decomposition prod ucts introduce hazards to health ( T e flo n ) Ind. Eng. Chem. 47, Sup. 87-8A (D ec, 1955). 97. Schrenk, H. H. Isocyanate toxicology'. Ind. Eng. Chem. 47 sup. 107-8A (June, 1955). 98. Schrenk. H. H. Toxicology of syn thetic resins. Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, sup. 103-|IA (April. 1956). 99. ScUhrarlz, L. How to guard against dert'folilis. Plastics (Chicago) 3, No. 5, 4P-52, 80-4 (1945). 100. Shetjwood, R. J. Title unknown--on toxicity of ICI's Fluon, a polylrlra/htoxorlhylene. Ttans. Assoc. Ind. Mcil. Off.15, 10 (1955). 101. Snell, Foster D. What arc the hazards of new materials (riiWmiiim-.r) l'i'=tvr Dcel Snell Hull, 1916 102. Sunflcrman. F.W. & ll.lt. II. . I..i talii^t anti irmi'i.iiti; . 1. . 1 p.<1 1 ....'If. s *> ' Med. v, 2 m tt (M u .i. :. 103. Swenson, A , rt al. Title tinl`.n -.-i toxicology of isocytmtes used in I.i.rquers. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 12, 60 (1955). 104. While, R. B, Dust irritation problems in fabricating reinforced placlies. Mod. Plasties 32. 129, 227 (N ov, 1954). 105. Wilson, R.H. 4 W.E. McCormick. Toxicology ol plastic components and solvents. Ind. Med. 4 Surgery 2J, 479-86 (N ov, 1954). 106. Wilson, R.H. 4 W.E. McCormick. Title unknown--a compilation of loarieological information on some of the more important materials used in plas tic nianufaeliirc. Summarizes data from 7B published reports, lud. Med. 8c Surg. 24, 491 (1955). 107. Anon. Safe containers hold o r g a n i c s for irradiation--Nucleonics 14, 51 (A ug, 1956). 108 AEC. Control o l radiation hazards in the Atomic Energy Program, Julv, 1950. 109 Graham, R. G. Industrial aloin, AF.C experimental program on reactor safety. TJD-8009. Feb, 1956. i 4 'V National S o ftly Congress ) ( M X K H 'T.; ( itiihtift it s I f ) Nal. Acxil, Sci. Biological effects o atomic radiation. A rcjtor! to tile pullin. I9S6. II. Nal. Acad. Sci. Biological effects of atomic ratlialion. Summary rc|>ort, 1956. '12. Spiers. F. W. Radiation hazards in lite scientific and industrial use of atomic energy. Chon. & Ind. 1955, 1447 (Nov. S). 113. Nal. Bur. Stand. Maximum permis sible amounts o radioisotopes in the human body and maximum permissible concentrations in air and water. NBS Hdbk. 52. March. 1953. 114. Lehman, A. J. Some toxicological rea sons why certain chemicals may or may not be permitted as food additives. Assoc. Food Drug Off. Bull. 14, 82-98 (July. 1950). 115. Mackemie, E. F. W. Effects o alkathene upon water quality. J. Inst. Water Engineers 5, 55*5-605 (1951). 116. Mfg. Chem. Assoc. Chemicals in foods. Symposium held in New York City, 1952. 117. Nat. Res. Council, Food & Nutrition Bd. Use of chemical additives in foods. Dec., 1951. 118. Sale. J. W. Regulatory problems in the food flavoring industry. Assoc. Food Drug Off. U. S. Quart. Dull. 17, # 4 -- (Oct., 19S3). 119. Nat. Sor. Frevrntion of Blindness. Industrial first aid in chemical injuries of the eye. Pub. 419, 1944. 120. Adams. E. M. el al. Acute vapor toxi city of olfyf chloride. J. Ind. Hyg. 22, 79-86 (1940). 121. -Anon. Safe tfraying practice. Org. Finishing 6. # 1 . 25-32; # 2 24-28. 47; # 3 , 23-7 (Jan.-March. 1945). 122. Barnes. E. C , et al. Determination of formoldthydt in air. J. Ind Hyg. Tox. 24. 10-17 (1942). 123 Blank. I. et al. Studies of organic fluorine compounds. IV. Synthesis of esters o f fiuorooxaloaeilie and of Jhiorofyruvic acid. J. Chem. Soc. 1955, 2190. 124. Bourne. dicldor B. Industrial hazard of e. Med. lavoro 43, 259-60 (1952) 125. Canada Dept, of Health. Nilfftttgjff/fne poisoning, 1911 RL I'll. l1Chloroclhylcne )>oisoiimg. Arc llyg. Occup. Med. 10, 130-3 ' 126. Carpenter, C. P., et al. Inhalation of I, 3-butadienre; a comparison o f its narcotic cflccts witli that of bensene, toluene and rtyrrnr l>y human subjects. 140. McCarroll, C. F. Hazard of mercury vapor in analytical jiclrolcum labora tories. llnr. Mines Rept. Invest. 3475 0939). J. Ind. Hyg. Tox. 26, 69-78 (1944). INI. Mallcttc. F. S. Industrial hygiene in t 127. Carpenter, C. P., el al. Toxicity and ` and hazards of dibutyl kentone vapors. synthetic rubber manufacture. Ind. Med. 12, 495-9 (1943). Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8. 377-81 t t Monsanto, Org. Dir. Toxicology and (1953). dermatology of pentochlorophenol and 128. Cellulose Plastics Mtgrs. Assoc. Safe sodium pcntachlorphenate, 1942. guarding fyroxylint plastic. Jan., 1937. |43. Morgis, G. G . et al. Review of Ittera- 129. Climenko, D. R-, et al. Leucotoxic ac * tion of bentol. J. Ind. Hyg. Tox. 24, 289-92 (1942). ture on health hazards of beryllium and its compounds. Bur. Mines Rept. Invest. 7574. (1950). 130. Davenport, S. J., et al. Review of Iff. Pozzani, U. G, et al. Subacute vapor fluorine and its compounds in the min * toxicity and range-finding data for- ing allied industries. Bur. Mines Circ. ethyl acrylate. }. Ind. Hyg. Tox. 31, 7687. 1954. 311-26 (1949). 131. Deichmann, W. Toxicity of methyl, [45. Public Health Service. 1. Method tor ethyl and n-bulyl methacrylate. }. Ind. quantitating neuromuscular irritability. Hyg. Tox. 23, 343-51 (1941). The effect of certain drugs on the 132. Downing, J. G., et al. Dermatitis from neuromuscular apparatus. 2. Pharma cashew nut shell oil. J. hid. Hyg. Tox. cologic action of some alc/wlic phos 22. 169-74 (1940). phoric esters. Nat. Health Serv. Bull. 165 (1936). ' 133. Dudley, H . acrylonitrile C.. et (vinyl cayl.anTidoex)i.coIl,ogSytudoyf I#. Public Health Service. Study of of the acute toxicity: 2. Study of chronic mcrcuriahsm in (he hatters' effects of daily inhalation. J. Ind. Hyg. fur-cutting industry. Pull. Health Serv. Tox. 24, 27-36, 2SS-8 (1942). Brill. 234 (1937). . | 134. Elkins, H. B., et al. Determination of h Rowe, V. K., et al. Determination of atmospheric conlominnnts. I. Organ halogen compounds. J. Ind. Hyg. Tox. monomeric styrene in air. J. Rid Hyg Tox. 25f, J48-5J (1943). \ 1 19, 474-85 (t9J7). Rowe, V. K., et nl. Results of toxi 135. Friberg, L., et al. Toxicities of fri- cological studies on some commercial chlorocthylene and tetraehloroethylene silicones. Dow Chem. Co., 1948. and Fujiwara's pyridine-alkali reaction^I. Sayers, R. R., et al. Hasard of hydro for trichloroacetic acid. Acta Pliarro* gen fluoride poisoning in the material Tox. 9, 303 (I95J). and allied industries. Bur. Mines Rept. 136. Gadberry, H. M. When you use or Invest. 7311 (1945). ganic solvents. Nat. Safely News 1951, If. Schrenk, II. H. Toxicity of oxides of 24-5, 68-9 (December). 1 nitrogen and hydrogen peroxide. Ind. IJ7. Hendry, J. A., et al. Cytotoxic agents Eng. Chem. 47, sup. 9JA (Feb., 1955). I. Alelhylolamindes with tumor inliibi- II. Smyth, II. F., et al. Some pharma tary activity and related inactive con cological properties of polyethylene pounds. Brit J. Pharmacology 6, 201-31, glycols of high molecular weight (car- (1951). bowax compounds) f. Ind. Hyg. Tox 138. Kosak, A. I. Chemistry of cigarelit 24, 281-4 (1942). smubr and its relation to lung cancti Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Scr. Ihi It 585 (May. 1952). . 139. McUiruey, R. S. Trichloroethylene ailI I . Spencer, J|. C-, ct al. Kc*|oii*c of lalioralijry animal.* to monomeric .1tyrent. J. Inti llyg. T 6*: 24, 295-301 (1942). 15.1 Von Octfingcr, W. I'., rt al. 2-fMotttIniltuUcHc (chloroprcnc) : its toxicity ami pathology .and iJic mechanism of Is action. J. ImJ. Hyg. Tox. IS, 24O'70 (1936). 154 Beilis, M. P. Hazardous chemicals. Alpha Chi Sigma 40, 3-16 (O ct, 1949). 155. Urit. Dept. Sci. & Ind. Res. Methods for detection of toxic gases in Industry. 156. Foulger, Jj. H., Toxic vapors and gases. J. Ind. HVg. Tox. IS, 604-8 (1936). 157. Industrial*! Hygiene Foundation. T ran sactions o3 the Chemical Toxicologiml and Engineering Conference, 1952. 158. Labor Slflnd. Itur. Discussion of in dustrial accidents an<| diseases. 1936 Convention of International Assoc. Industrial Accident Hoards and Com missions. 'Bull. 10 (1937). 159. McLean, D. D. Dust control in indus try. Canada. NKC, TfS Kept. Kfo. 8 (1950). 160. Monsanto, Org. Div., Ucs. Library. Toxicological Research. Hews & Motes, No. 36 (Dec., 1953). 161. Navy Dept. Industrial poisons and dan gerous substances. General Safety Rules, Sect. 4, 1931. 162. Public Health Serv. Occupational ami related dermatoses, abstracts from the literature July I94J--Dec. 1953. PUS Bull. No. 12, 1954, by D. J. Birming ham, et al. 163. Stewart, W. R. Gases in wartime plants. Safety Eng. 86, No. 4, 48, 50-2 164. Anon. Prevention of atmospheric ami water pollution in the chemical indus try. Chem. & Ind. 1955, 1363. 165. Hoak, R. D. Theory and practice in stream pollution control. Sci. Monthly 75, No. 3, Sept., 1952. 166. Stairmatid, C. F., et al. Rote of the cyclone in reducing atmospheric pollu tion. Chem. & !m!. 1955, 1324.4k. ) 1957 National Safely Congress out that liquid oxygen is commonly re fer ted to >s LOX in the Missile and Rocket Industry. Tire oxygen manufac turers were not aware of this practice but felt that it should be discouraged because for many years the term LOX has stood for liquid oxygen explosives in which liquid oxygen is only a part. Also, tanks, sold under such trade names as LOX and L O X E T T E , may be used for the storage and handling ol many liquefied gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, etc. At that meeting the group suggested that the secretary of the International Acety lene Asan. lake steps to discourage this usage. The secretary of the IAA wrote several letters to principals of the Rocket and Missile Industry. A safety engineer in the Air Force read the minutes of last year's meeting in the Chemical Section Safety Newsletter and contacted the IAA. Through Iris efforts, the Air Force has taken steps to discontinue the use of the term L O X . T his wM,*MMgt*d la O ctober 1957 issue of Missiles and ets in an article entitled "Liquid Replaces L O X Abbreviation In V The A ir Force it undertaking Udt tion lo prevent dangerous and disastrous results of the use of t LOX for liquid oxygen. The term will be deleted Irom all USAF tsc orders and contracts including rehcatiou to the Department of that it also take steps to abolish of the term LOX. A member of the group repo had received a full tank car of compressed in long tubes manifold gctlicr. In attem pting lo open the outlet valve, they twisted the He wanted to know how to rel pressure. It was the group'a reco tion that the gas supplier be con any case where the valve is found! inoperative, whether it be on a t or individual cy lin d er.^. k- [ERS OF THE U U lM O t, CHEMICAL SECTION Ktr NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 f i Chairman--CARROLL A. H EB ERT, Ethyl corp., Baton Rouge, La. in Charge o f Program--R. L. ALLINSON, Tl.c Dow Chemical co,, Texas Freeport, Tex. C-A. B. R ITTER , Hercule* Powder co.t Wilmington, Del. <Uir CommiUet: E, G. M EITER, Chairman, Employer*' Mutuals of Wausau, Mil- Wit. ; A. H. C H R IST IA N , American Viscose corp., Philadelphia, P a.; J. T. KOLINGER, Nitrogen Di., Allied Chemical 8ti Dye corp.. Hopewell, Va.; FltKI> TM "H TZ, Hoffman-Laroche, Inc., Nutley, N. J. * ng CommiUtt: H . F. REIN H A R D . Chairman, Union Carbide anil Carbon corp., YorK N. Y .; F. C. GAUGUSII, Sherwin-Williams co-, Chicago, HL; D. F. (OfES, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D. C.; PAUL C. LAMH, r Brothers Company, New York, N. Y. ' Relations Committer: It, G. W IIEELD O N , Chairman, The Drnrkrlt o., CinritiptlOhio; ALDO P. O STI, Chas. Pfuer & co., Injr., Brooklyn, N. Y. eSheet and Instruction Card Committee: II. M. FAWCETT, Chairman, General rie co., Schenectady, N. Y .; D. W. GIBSON, Columbia-Southern Chemical Cor- ppocation, Barberton, Ohio; J, N. RM INE, Phillips Research Center, Phillips I'ctrojkftan co., Bartlesville, Okla. Committee: ). II. BLACK, Chairman, National Instilte* of I Indili, Washington, D .C ; T. W. NALE, M.D., Union Carbide & Carbon corp.. New York. N. Y .; 11. W. (RAPP* JR-* The Travelers Insurance co., Hartford, Conn.; ]. A. HOUGHTON, ty Mutual Insurance co., Boston, Mass. r*Ai> Committee: J. J. PRABULOS, Chairman, National Distillers Products corp , t York, N. Y. and yUual Aids Committee: G. K. CUMMINGS, Chairman, Eli Lilly A cn, Bjfladianapohs, Ind.; A. L. KLING, American Cyanamid co.. New York, N. Y.; K. hBONER, The Chcmstrand Corp., Pensacola, Fla. lies and Contest Committee: M. A. S N E L L Chairman, Hartford Accident and f Indemnity co., Hartford, Conn.; T. J. LANIGAN, General Electric ro,, Syracuse, N. Y. J*4ke~Job Committee: E. It. WALLACE, Chairman, lw lin;in Kodak <*., Rochester, Jflf. Y.; G. G. FLEMING, Celanese Corporation of America, Charlollc, N. C. ting Committee fo r 1958-1959; J. J. W HALEN, Chairman, Solvay Process div.. Chemical & Dye dorp., Solvay, N. Y .; S. F. SPENCE, American Cyanamid co., lew York, N, Y. ; G. l|. GOUBELL, Monsanto Chemical co., St. Louis, Mo. woey Committee: R. H. ALUISSER, Merck ft co., Inc., Rahway,-N. J .; A LLEN I. jTCOBB* Eastman Kodak co., Rochester, N. Y.; J. J. DUGGAN, Carhidi* & Carhrm (hem - kalt co., South Charleston, W. Va.; G. L. GORBELL, Monsanto t hcmical to., St. m, Mo.; S. M MacCUTCHEON, The Dow Chemical co.. Midland, Miri.; E. I. (^MEYERS, E. I. DuPont de Nemours ft co, Inc, Wilmington, De!.; S F SPENCE, trican Cyanamid co., New York, N. Y. ; It. C. STRATTON, The I ravchrrs ItiMirco., Hartford, Conn.; JO H N J. W HALEN, Solvay Process div.. Allied Chemical :Dye Corp., Solvay, N. Y. Rrywrftfiiiinr*-EDWIN L. ALPAUGH, National Safety Council Chicago, III 59 ) l JCERS O F THE OUOiif-7 COAL MINING S&TtQN NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 ICkairman Emeritus--CHARLES FERGUSON, United Mine W orkers of America, |hi*i.nglon, D. C. |/Chairman--GEORGE SAMDROOK, U: S. St'ccl Corporation, Coal Div., I'iiis- ' Fa. i ' / Kte-Chmrmon--L. H. JOHNSON, U. S. Unrea l of Mines, Pittsburgh, Fa. f Rise-Chairman--JO SHUA SM ITH , Eastern G^is and Fuel Associate, Mt. Hope, IF. i'i; j, -H . F. WEAVER, U. S. Hnrcan of Mines, Washington, I*, C.. f r u n liilm --CHARLES FERGUSON, Unite^ Mine Workers of America, WasliD. C.; M. F. DRENNAN, United Mine Workers of America, District No. 7, Bgsldon, Pa.) JAM ES LEEBER, JU., United Mine Workers of America, District , Beckley, W. Va. M iM l Cool Representatives--J. W. PERO, Pocahontas Fuel Company, Pocalionlns, lTAj C E. LINKOUS, Island Creek Coal Co.. Holden. W. V a.; M. K. PRUNTY, Nbkhcm Mines corp., Jenkins, K y,; W AYNE SNELL, U. S. Steel corporation. Coal Qkr Pittsburgh, Pa.; R. L. HAIR, Colorado Fuel and Iron, I'ticMo, Colo.; FRANK KUJSEK, Freeman Coal corp., Denton, HI.; GEORGE STACHUKA, Old Ben Coal Dan, West Frankfort, III.; E. E. QUENN, Peabody Coat co., St. Louis, Missouri. HwW its Representatives--GEORGE CLARK, Reading Anthracite co, Pottsville, Pa.; LES KACZINSK1, United Mine Workers of America, District No. I, Wilkes, Pa.; W. W. EVERETT, Glen Alden corp, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. rations' Representatives--J. B. BENSON, Soutfiern Coal Producers' Assoria- Sa^ Washington, D. c .; HARRY GANDY, J R , National Coal Association, Wash- ' D. C .; FORD SAMPSON, Ohio Coal Association, St. Clairsvillc, Ohio: RGE TREVORROW, Bituminous Coal Operators* Association, Washington, ; GEORGE COLVILLE, J R , Jewel Mining Company, Paris, Ark. f lw n r of Mines Representatives--M. J. ANKENY, U. S. Bureau of Mines, WasliD. C ; JAMES W ESTFIELD, U. S Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. ffnspeitors' institute of Atnerira Representative--R. D. BRADFORD, U. S. Bureau [Mines, McAlester, Okla. f Jfaw Inspectors' Representatives--U. J. DUSZ, Ohio Division of Mines, Colnmhut, CRAWFORD W ILSON, West Virginia Department of Mines, Charleston, 41 OFFICERS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTIQ H | NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 ,1 Sr- 1 Central Chairman--WILLIAM G. H AW K INS, director o insurance & safety, Bros. co.. Minneapolis, Minn. Vice-General Chairman--HENRY J. MASSMAN, III, vice-president, Massmaa tion co., Kansas City, Mo. Vice-Chairmen--(Heavy Division) --W. M, GOLDSTON. president, The Corpus Cliristi, Tex.; (Highway Division)--SHELDON CARLSON, Park Construction co.. Minneapolis, Minn.; (BuiUing Division) FRANK . D E L L president, Frank R. Rundell co., Austin, T ex.; (Home Building Div W. HORTTOR. Kansas City, Mo.; (Special Division)-- W. K. COX. sales manager. Caterpillar Tractor co., Peoria, 111. Secretary--ROBERT L. MOORE, director of technical & engineering div, _ Mutual Casually co, Chicago, 111. ' !d* Assistant Secretary--E. N. ZINER, president, Ziner Construction co, MEldest, Nominating Committee Chairman--GEORGE P. O 'ROURKE, S R , president^ Construction co, Dallas, Tex. Newsletter Committee Chairman--SAM S. ELKINS, chief, safety branch. Sou Corp of Engineers, U. S. Army, Dallas, Tex. Program Sr Publicity Committee: Chairman--H EN R Y T. PEREZ, editor. Methods 8t Equipment Magazine, New York, N. Y .; Vice-Chairman--W,. sales promotion manager. Caterpillar Tractor co, Peoria, 111. 'I. V Membership Committee Chairman--HENRY J. MASSMAN, III, vice-president. Construction co, Kansas City, Mo. Service (Research & Screening) Committee: Chairman--R. J. HENDERSH ager, A. G. C. of Minnesota, Mineapolis, Minn.; Vice-Chairman--FRANK; DRO, safety director, B.iPerini A Sons, Inc, Framingham, Mass. "t engineering Committee: Chairman--JO H N L. JU N K ERT, safety consultant,^ McLennan, Inc, Minneapolis, Minn.; Vice-Chairman--RUDOLPH J. B! visor, construction engineer, Travelers Insurance co, Hartford, Conn. Pisuaf Aids Committee: Chairman--DONALD F. MANGUSON, assistant A G. C of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.; Vice-Chairman--LLOYD E. tract engineer, Texas Employers Insurance A ssn, Dallas, T ex . Health Committee Chairman--N. GILLM ORE LONG, M .D, chief surgeon, L. Mutual Casualty co, Chicago, III. *'| Public Relations Committee: Chairman--ROBERT L. JEN K IN S, chief, SI Office of the Chief of Engineers, Dept, of the Army, Washington, D. C ; Vice H. W. HEINTZ, safety director, John A. Volpe Construction co, Inc., Ms' Division Secretaries: Heavy---W ILLIAM B ER R Y ; Highway--E N Pi. . Building--MISS FANNIE DAVIS, executive secretary, Austin Chapter,'A Austin, Tex.; Home Building--CLARENCE F. STURGEON, insurance** The Home Builders Assn, of Chicago, Chicago. III.; Specialty--WILLIAM MAN, Goodyear Tire & Rubber co, Chicago, HI. ,J S tentative--CLEMENT J. LU EPK E, National Safety Council, Q uay EftS OF THE PUBLIC EM PLOYEE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 DLARK J. FISC H ER , safety engineer. City of Milwaukee safety Milwaukee; Wis. Chairman--D A N IE L F. MILCHMAN, coordinator. New York city safety dept. of personnel. New York, N. Y. I -Chairman--M. VAN M ECHELEN, safetA engineer, Washington State dept. , Olympia, Wash. Chairman--ALEX G. THO M PSO N, safely engineer. City of la>s Angeles, ` , Calif. j Chairman--JACKSON G. FLOW ERS, Dade County safely director, Miami, IRS. L O U ISE RATNEK, safety ft claims examiner, Ohio dept, of highways, I Accident Control & Claims, Columbus, Ohio. nillet: Chairman--RALPH L. ALTHOUSF, personal injuries supervisor. Sat Illinois div. of highways, Springfield, III.; Fire-C/unriiiiiii--JO SE PH F. 5S, supervisor of safety. City of BaltimorIe, Baltimore. Md. CommitUt Chairman--H. P. GOODIN, safety director. City of Miiiuca|ialis, , Minn. ft Cammilitt Chairman--BAYNARD A. SW ITZER, chief safety engineer, d a div. of highways, Sacramento, Calif. illtt Chairman--DR. B. L. CORBETT, M.D., managing director. City of ; safety commission, Milwaukee; Wis. JCmM iilrr Chairman--W ARREN D. W ILT, safety engineer. City of Detroit, jllk h . Hr. Committer Chairman f t Editor--GEORGE F. KUHNS, safety supervisor, dir. of highways, Springfield, 111. I Committee Chairman--D A N IEL F, M ILC'IM AN. *+ ' ' Committee Chairman--TARV fA H. D. JONES, engineer-director of safely, I Carolina Stale highway commission, Graham; N. C. ttrtnlalive--C LEM EN T J. LUEPKE. n] ii: 0UU3l>8 OFFICERS OF THE I PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 I General Chairman--J. E. A PPEL , safely engineer. Commonwealth Edison co., Chicago, Vice-Chairman--E. M. CHASE, safety director. Central Vermont Public Service Rutland, Vt. Second Vice-Chairman--R. S. LOWE, plant training & safety supervisor, N orlhw Bell Telephone co., Omaha, Neb. , Secretary--R. E. McELDOWNEY. JR., safety director. United Fuel Gas co., Char!: W. Va. t Program Committee Chairman--L. CLANCY NANRY, director of safety. The Detroit Edison co., Mich. Vice-Chairman--Electric--M. M. MEH RING, safety supervisor. Consumers Ptiblic P District, Columbus, Neb. Vice-Chairman--Gai--F. P. MUELLER, assistant director of safety. The Peoples Light and Coke co., Chicago, III. Vice-Chairman--fVoter--W. R. LaDUE, superintendent & chief engineer city of Ak Bureau ol Water, Akron, Ohio. Vice-Chairman--Communication!--SAMUEL McKAY, JU., area safely supervisor. Bell Telephone co. of Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. Engineering Cotnmiitee Chairman--V. L. W OMELDORFF, safety director, Illinois Power co,, Decatur, IB. Vice-Chairman--Electric--W. F. BACHMAN, safety director, Omaha Public P' District, Omaha, Neb.; ROY B EITH , manager & secretary-treasurer. Electrical ployers assn., Toronto, Canada; I. L. RIPLEY, director of safety, Central Power co., Augusta, Maine; l). B. M O O R E safety director, Duke Power co., lotte, N. C Vice-Chairman--Car--W. J. EASTON, director of accident prevention, The Cine' Gas It Electric co., Cincinnati, Ohio; It. (J. CLAAlt, safely director. The Ohio F Gas co., Columbus, Ohio; E. D. J ONES, safely director. City Utilities of Spring Missouri, Springfield, Mo.; W. I). COLLINS, safely director, Rockland Light It P co, Boston, Mass. Vice-Chairman--Water--T. F. ALLEN, safety engineer. Department of Water It Sr Commissioner's Office, City of Chicago, Chicago, III.; V. A. APPLEYARD, chief water operations, City of Philadelphia, Water Department, Philadelphia, Pa.; 0. BROCKWAY, safely inspector. Board of Water Commissioners, Denver, Colts Vice-Chairman--Communications--N. W. TEM PLE, plant safely supervisor. Pacific! phon- ~-legraph co., Seattle, W ash.; JOHN BIRD, administrative supervisor, Wei on Telegraph co.. New York, N. Y. f ) ftceCImlrimm V/iii.il l't'tifrl.< f. M. I-A I.I.S , <i(lmU In iii.iii:i|!it ut mdu'til j lloni, Northern Indiana l'uhlic Servile'", Man..... mi, Imi.; C IIA III.IiS SlillW I'.K K- [j ART, safety lireclor, Hoosicr Engineering co., Columbus, Olilo. Education and Training Committee htirmnn--KHKOLI. DUNHAII. safely engineer, Potomac F.lctiric IVwer cu., Wasliin(lon, D. C. Ire-Chairman--Potters--F. D. NORBERG. safely lireclor, Utah Tower Ri Liglil co.. Salt Lake Cly, U tah; M. J. BENDEKOVIC. manager of safety claims. Public Service ico. of Colorado Denver, Cold.; J. B. SCHEERER, supervisor, inspections, safely dcJpartment, Philadelphia Electric co., Philadelphia, Pa. 'heChoirman-- Vinati A idt--H. C. PO TT H A ST , supervising instructor, Wisconsin i Rural Electric, job training & safety. Menontonie, W ish C. H. GUM, safety supervisor, jp l y of Jacksonville Utilities, Jacksonville. Fla.; K| G. CREGAR, safely director, (Metropolitan Edison co., Reading, Pa. I Tife-Chairman--Training Plant--A. II. LARSEN, supervisor, construction training, CoinIntonwealth Edison co., Chicago. III.; W. L. CLIFTO N , technical assistant, accident prevention div. The Hydro-Electric Power Comm, of ^Ontario, Toronto, Canada; J. G. .DALTON, general safely engineer, Southern Bell Telephone it Telegraph co., Atlanta, Ga.; HERBERT HOLMES, safely director, Michigan Wisconsin Pipe Line co.. Detroit, Mich.; R. N. PA PICIf, safely consultant, American Gas Assn., New York, N. Y .; C. E. HAMMON, safety director, Columbus tc Southern Ohio Electric co.. ^Columbus, Ohio. I : publicity Committee f 'hnrmon--T. F. W1CKFORD, safely supervisor. Commonwealth Edison co., Chicago. III. 'ite-Chairman--Public Relationt--R. R. CONN, sii|>crvisur of training tt safely. Power Station Department. Dnipirsiie Light cn., Pittsburgh, Pa. ite-Chairman--Netosletter--PAUL W INDSOR, safely director. Bureau of Safety, Inc., 'Chicago, III.; R. M. CLARK, safety director, Atlantic City Electric co.. Atlantic City, ;N. ).; j. G. LAMBERT, safely supervisor. Northern Illinois Gas co., Wheaton, III.; TA. B. SH EH EE, safety engineer, R. E. A , Electric Engineering div., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D C. T W iiliu tr Contestt Committee htirman--C. A. F1SCHBACK, safely supervior, Sou Angeles, Calif. California Edison co.. Los h e Choimum--D. E. HUSK, safely director.New Jcl , N. J.; J. W. GRONIIECK, safely manager. New I Mass. wer Si Light co., Dover, N r Electric System, Boston, . i ^rmdertlnf Committee hmrmon--S. T. ROBESON, safely supervisor, Car. j^Tatboro, N. C. 000370 % t|epho'ne & Telegraph co. ice-Choirman--H. W. MASTERS, safely director, As. ii- TVoc Expert co. & Utilities . ,_v line Const, co., Inc., Jenkintown, Pa.; J. E. HICKMAN, safety engineer, Los Angeles->-- : Department of Water & Power, Los Angeles, Calif.; j. R. HEIM , safety director, jlfonongahela Power co., Fairmont, W. V a.; E. B. BELL, assistant safety director, The k ''bio Power co.. Canton, Ohio. 45 OFFICERS OF THE FARM SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 V itt Preeidmt for farm s--KIRK FOX, editor. Successful Farming, Dcs Moines, Io rt Chairman--A. J. SCHWANTES, agricultural engineering dept., University ol Minnesota St. Paul. Minn. Fice-Chasnuau--EDWARD HOLTER, lecturer. National Grange, Washington, D. G t} RICHIE, vice president it director of purchases. The Oliver corp., Chicago, III.; IRA j ROGERS, Automotive Safety Foundation, Washington, D. C.; MARTIN RONNINt.. Minneapolis-Moline co., Minneapolis, Minn.; LO U ISE RO SEN FELD , assistant director home economics, Cooperative Extension Work, Ames, Iow a; C. G. SCRUGGS, Progres._ rive Farmer, Dallas, T ex.; CHARLES SHUMAN, American Farm Bureau Federation, Chicago, 111.; DR. W. T. SPA NTON , Federal Security Administration, U. S. Oflice | of Education, Washington, D. C.; ARTH UR STAPEL, Fox Valley Cooperative, Inc. j Appleton, W is.; OTTO STEFFEY, president, Illinois Agricultural assn., Chicago, 111.; RANDALL C. jk SWANSON, farm safely specialist. College of Agriculture, Madison, Wis.; E. W. J TANQUARY, International Harvester co., Chicago, III.; F. R. W ILLSEY, farm safely * specialist, DepL o l Agricultural Eng. Ext., Purdue University, Lafayette, lnd.; W. B. J WOOD, director. Extension Service, College of Agriculture, Ohio State University, y Columbus, Ohio; CARLTON ZINK, products research dept, Deere & co, Moline, III. Secretary--MAYNARD H. COE, director. Farm division. National Safety Council, Chicago, III. U m bers: EDWARD S. ADAMS, director o l safety, Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, Da Moines, low s; MRS. V ERNE ALDEN, National Home, Wellsville, Kan.; MRS. ALMER ARMSTRONG, Indiana Farm Bureau Cooperative assn., Indianapolis, lnd.; CLYDE N. BERRY, associate director. Institute o( Agricultural Medicine, State I University of Iowa. Iowa City. Iowa; T H E O BROWN, Moline, 111.; HARRY r I BRYSON, American Farm Bureau Federation, Chicago, HI.; GRAHAM T. COULTER, Kraft Foods co.. Chicago, III.; JO H N F. DANEKE, General Motors corp., Detroit, Mich.; MISS G ERTRU D E DIEKEN, The Farm Journal. Philadelphia, Pa.; DON ALD H. DUNHAM, manager. Retirement Saf. & Ins. dept., Nat'l. Rural Electric I Coop. Assn., Washington, D. C .; JO H N M. EKLUND, director of education. Na r i tional Fanners Union, Denver, Colo.; T. A. ERICKSON, St. Paul, Minn.; C. M. FERGUSON, administrator. Extension Serv ice, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. G ; MRS. HOMER GREENE, health . & safety chairman. National Home Demonstration Council, Tutwiler, Miss.; MISS EUNICE HEYWOOD, assistant director, div. home economic programs. Federal Exten sion Service, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. ; C. N. HINKLE. Standard Oil co. (Indiana), Chicago, III.; ROBERT IIOW EY, National Vo.-Ag. Teachers assn. Sycamore, III.; MISS AMY KELLY, College of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia. Mo.; MRS. DORSEY KIRK, Illinois State Grange; Oblong, III.; KEITH KIRKPATRICK. Radio Station WHO, Des Moines, Iowa; EDWARD R. KLAMM, : Allstate Insurance co., Skokie, III.; C. C. LANG, Extension Service, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C .; S. . LARSEN, Michigan Farm Equipment assn.. Grand Rapids, Mich.; E. W. LEHMANN, prof. Emeritus, Urbana, III.; S. P. LYLE. Extension Service, U. S. Dept, ol Agticul ture, Washington, D. C. EARL MERRILL, Republic Steel corp., Cleveland, Ohio DONALD L. MILLER, National Agricultural Chcms. assn. Washington, D. C PAUL MULLIKEN, National Retail Farm Equipment assn., St. Louis, Mo, HERSCHEL NEWSOM. The National Grange. Washington, D. C ; G. L. NOBLE, National Comm, on Boys & Girls Club Work, Chicago, HL; V. S. PETERSON, E L Du Pont De Nemours, Ames, Iowa; HARRY P O N TIO U S, Nationwide Insurance co, Columbus, Ohio; HARRY I OLDS: 10 VELL, Goodyear Tire St Rubber co., Milwaukee, W is.; FRANK REYN- l \ ;er, Agricultural Extension, U. S. Steel corp., Pittsburgh, P a.; L P. FFICERS OF THE FERTILIZER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 rntral Chairman--GEORGE F. DIETZ, safety director. Fertilizer Manufacturing Co operative, Inc., Baltimore, Md. itt'Chairman--GEORGE L. PELTON. personnel manager. The Smith Agricultural Chemical Co., Columbus. Ohio. reretary--ELMER PERIUNE, technical representative. Nitrogen Div., Allied Chemical ft Dye Corp., New York, N. Y. ngineering Commit!re Chairman--A. U. PE T T IT , director. Industrial Health & Safety, W. R. Grace & Co.. New York. N. Y. ngineering Sub-Committees-- Sloiiilual and Conltit Chairman--F. W AYNE H IG H , manager of Operations, The Baugh Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. Dala Sheet Chairman--JOHN S. MARK, production manager. Farm Bureau Co-op Association, Columbus, Ohio. 'uMir Ftlalioni Chairman--J. LAUREN SH O FE N , safety director. Consumer Co-op Association, Kansas City, Mo. tfembershiy and By-Lataj Chairman--C. S. G R IF F IT H , superintendent, Virginia Carolina Chemical Corp., Cincinnati, Ohio. I'uuof Aid Commiltrr Chainnon--O. E. PERRY, superintendent, C. O. Smith Guano Co. Moultrie, Ga. * Inturance and Legislative Cmnmiltee Chairman--E. O. BURROUGHS, JR., manager. Insurance Dept., F. S. Royster Guano Co., Norfolk, Va. Research Committee Chairman--JOHN E. SM ITH , safely director, S|ienccr Chemical Co, Pittsburg, Kan. j Nominating Committee Chairnsan--I-.. 0 . BURROUGHS, JR., manager. Insurance Dept, F. S. Royster Guano Co . Norlolk, Va. Snyervisory North Ca g Committee Choirsnan--W . C. CREEL, safety director. Stale of zept. of Labor, Raleigh, N. C. f Memhcrsal-I.orgc ! S. COTTRELL, director of O|>erations, Olin-Malhicsou Chemical Corp., Little Rock, Ark. EARL DAY. president, Ark-Mo Plant Food Co.. Inr., Corning. Ark. M IKE C. ELLISON, safety director, Mississippi Chemical Co., Yazoo City, Miss. ROD M ARTINET, vice president, K. Ranh fs Sons, Indianapolis. Ind. GRAYSON It. MORRIS, n s s ls tim l p io d o e lin M m a n a g e r , S t m l h r r u S t a l e s C n o |tr r a liv r , Richmond, Va. GORDON W. PITTOCK , works manager, William Stone Sims, Ltd., Ingersoll, Out.. Canada. HARWOOD T. RICE, safety director. Southwest Potash Corp., Carlshad, N. M. YEN SHEN, Taiwan Fertilizer Co., Ltd.. Taipei, Teivan, China. W. A. STONE, plant manager, Wilson ft Tourner l-erlilixer .Co., Jacksonville, Fla. J. R. TERRY, personnel safety eughieer, Davison Chemical Corp., Div. of W. R. Grace ft Co., Barlow, Fla. A. A. WAUGH, safely engineer. International Mineral: ft Chemical Cnrp., Ihirlnw, Fla. M. F. W IIARTON , treasurer, Arizona Fertilizer Inc), Phoenix, Ariz. ROY W H IT E, Lion Oil Co.. El Dorado. Ark. C K. BRUTCHER. superintendent, Davison ClieiniralljCn., Div. of W. R. Grace ft Co. New Alhatry, Ind. | STRATTON McCARGO, |>ersonnel sniiervisor, G L .li Soil llnihling Service, Terrace Hill. Ithaca. N. Y. R. A. FISCHER, general manager, Milford Fertilizer Co., Millord, Del. V. A. FRIZZELL, vice president, The Triangle Co., Salinas, Calif. ROGER HUGG, personnel supervisor, Inlernaliotiai Minerals ft Chemical Corp. Chi cago, III. N. NICHOLS, Nichols Fertilizer ft Chemical Co.. ( Iktalioma Cily, Okla. B. A. SCHLAGENHAUFF.I supervisor. Fire Prolcclion ft Safety, flrca Chcmirals Inc., Brea, Calif. QUENTIN S. LEE, The Cnllon Producers Assn., Atlanta, Ga. EDWARD J. LAUGENT, M.D., assistant professor, Ohio State University, Colinnhus, Ohio. A. I. RANEY, safety director, Phillips Chemical Co., Bartlesville, Okla. GAITHER T. N EW M AN , manager. Insurance Dept., Smilli-Dtmglass Co., Inc., N or folk, Va. Hastorary Afembers SIDNEY H. IIIEKLY, general manager, California Fertilizer Assn., San Marino, Calif. PAUL T. T R U IT T , executive vice president. National Plant Food Institute, Washing ton, D. C. HENNING W A LTERSD O RI'H. Magnolia Fertilizer Co., Seattle. Wash. Stai Reyresentative * J. C. KATO, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. X, v- 037:,1 v V. 2.1 Hairy I'rodurh Vivisivn: Chairman, V IC fO H G. HENDRIES, manager, safely I-ml 'o U k ti Creameries. Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.; Dice-Chairman, PERRY I LLSWOKTII, assistant to executive director. Milk Industry Foundation,' WaaMog I) C .; Secretory, ARTHUR S. FOUST, executive secretary--safety, Tlie Borden Houston, Tex. I llislilleri Division: Chairman, EDW ARD BEN N ETT. Sclienley Distillers, Inc, F~ fort, Ky.; Dice-Chairman. JO SE PH J. PRABULOS, safety director. National', tillers Products corp. New York, N. Y.; Secretary, G. W ADE AMOS, sup Safety Engineering Dept.. Aetna Casualty & Surety co , Louisville, Ky. load /Vorerrori Division: Chairman, VICTOR R. JOHNSON, safely supervisor. Products co, Fremont, M idi.; Dice-Chairman, RtCHARD CARTW RIGHT, pe director, llaxlon Foods, Inc, Oakfield, N. Y .; Secretary, ROY E. CAMPBELL, sal engineer, Campbell Soup co, Chicago, III. Crain Handling & Vrocessing Division: Cfiuirimiii, JO H N M. JEN SEN , director of aal Corn Products Refining co, Chicago, III.; Dice-Chairnum, J. R. McCANN, fire pre lion manager, Ralston Purina co, St. Louis. Mn.; Secretary, GEORGE L. KITCH director of safety, 1\ H. I'cavey & co, Minneapolis, Minn Industrial Agriculture Division: Chairman, ROBERT P. ALDEN, safety ft wage ad istralor, Castle & Cooke, Ltd, Honolulu, Hawaii. li.rrrntive Advisory Committee: N. K. T il l I'll, director of safety. Scaliest Sou Dairies Div, Charlotte. N. C .; NIXON de TAUNOWSKY, safely engineer, I', fit M. Schaefer Brewing co, Brooklyn, N. Y .; ROBERT C. LEITNKK, super*'" of industrial relations, Liblty, McNeill and Libby, Union Stock Yards, Chicago, II CLIFFORD P. McBKIDE, |>crsomiel manager, I'ahsl Brewing co, Milwaukee, Wit;, GORDON E. MORRISON, Employee Relations A Safely. Kellogg co. Battle Creek, Mich.; BURTON H. MAY, director of safety A health. Mars, Inc, Chicago, II.; E. G. HUTZLEY, senior safety engineer, Campbell Soup co, Camden, N. J .; GEORGE If. STEEL, safety director, Ralston Purina co , St. Louis, Mo.; DEAN M. CLAH Grain and Elevator Processing Superintendent, Chicago, III. Staff Krtresrnlativc--RAYMOND C. ELLIS, J R , National Safely Council, Chicago! FICERS OF THE MEAT PACKING, TANNING AND LEATHER PRODUCTS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 t CAoirnidN--CHARLES H. KLSI1Y, lln ix li Accident Prevention Mgr,, l'.m|>li))trs duals of Wausau, Milwftuktf, Win. ' i y U t Chairman--R. W. UNWIN, SIC, Reliable l':irkinc Co., t"Imago. HI. P iii Chairman--DONALD S. MacKKNZIK, American Meal Hiicncu, Irlfer irfiVor--HOW ARO REIIM OI.T/. airly dirrrlnr, Tlir U:ilti Packing Civ, Waterloo, low nt Neutsictter V.tiitar--CARL CONKLIN, Whitehall I .railin' C.*. Whitehall. Mo lt. Wary-A. J. DITTMKR. office manager, (tiilmaitit X t iitpnm, I III. tmbtrship Committee--HOWARD REHIIOLZ f( li:mtn;in). airly ilifo lm. Tin* Rail* Packing Co.. Waterloo, Iowa; CLARE RROMAN, I*agle-Otiawa l.eaihrr <". Hal i Haven, Midi. erring Committer--R. W. UNWIN, SR. (U iainnan). RrluMc I*. l*c * Chicago, HI.; ALEX SPINK, safely dircrlr, Kingan DivtMun. I l t ^ t d r . E**l tV -t els Corp., Indianapolis, ImL; MARTIN CER N ETISC H , safely d iraiu r. J<ln Morrell A Cou Ottumwa, Iowa; RALPH K. POMROY, A. 0 . Lawrence Leather in ., Peabody. Mass.; PAUL A. PKTEKSKN, safely engineer, Zorich Insuranre Co., Chicago, III.; MIKE CHOMICKJ, safety & fire chief, lim iter Packing Co., East St. Louis, III.; HUBERT L. CLOVER, safety director, internatiomd Shoe Co., Si. Iannis, Mo. Aids ComniiHcr--DONALD S. M acKENZIE (Chairman). American Meal Inst.. Chicago, 111.; N. R. SHERMAN, Cudahy Bros. Co., Cudahy. W ts.j E. W. SCHUI.IS. Ccn. Supt. Office. Swifl A Co., U. S. Yards, Chicago, Ilf.; C. C. CROKER. Wilson X Co, Chicago, III.; JO H N THURMAN, safely director, Oscar Meyer A Co., Mndivm, Wis.; KLLIS KLIN 1C, safety director, Stak A Wctr.ef. Indianapolis, Ind. rftk Committer--DR. K. I*. KAPOV, f(1an>ai), medical director, \tn**ni A I . Chicago, 111.; DU. JO SEPH II. SCIIIEP, Chicago, III. tiiily Committee---(ill E( .OR Y PIETRAS/.EK (Chairman), technical editor, Nali**n;il Promioner, Chicago, III.; L EIF KRONIN, Tanner--* 1 cuuril of Aincriva, New York. N. Y. ram trad .-IrftTiw)* C wmif/ir--HOWARD UKHII.OI.Z (Chamunti), < w t t y ilirrrlor. i The Rath Packing Co., Waterloo, Iowa; E. D. PEr.LER . JR.# Mgr. Employee Serv*ires, General Shoe Corp.. Nashville, Trim.; ALEX S P IN K , director of health A safely. Kingan Division, Hygradc, Poods Prmlucls Corp., Indianapolis, Ind.; A. J. DITTM ER. 'office manager, fmlmann ki O., (.`!mV;!|!o, HI JO S E P H PO CIIOP, safely director, john Morrel A Co., Sioux Falls. S. D .; K. A. HARSC1INEK, safety director. Swift 'A Co., U. S. Yards, Cliicago, III.; MARTIN CERNETISCH, safely director, John Morrell A Co., Otlumwa, Iowa. " Representative--J. C. KATO, National Safety Council, Chicago II, HI. OFFICERS OF THE TRADES AND SERVICES SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Restaurant D iv isio n : | | Chairman--AL SOMMER. owner-iiiaiuigct. The Soiim tr Rcslaiti;ut. 'Im ag o . 111 V V ut Ckairmon--JO HN HARDING. II. vicc-prcsidcAl. Harding Restaurants. Chirac". 1 I'Sicrtlory--IIA RVE Y KLINGEMAN, owner-manager. Indian Trail Tea Room. Winnelka. III. General Chairman--ROGER J. HEAR, safely director. The Kroger co., Cincinnati, OtuaJ l in t Vice Chairman--CHARLES I*. ENGLER, assistaiil manager, Loss Prevention dept,] Montgomery Ward & co., Chicago, lit. Secretary--MAURICE J. MARTEL, director of safety and fire prevention. The Shemta^l Hotel, Chicago, III. 4| Membership Chairman- -ROUKRT B. NORMAN, safely manager, ACP-Wrigley Stores,I Inc., Detroit, Mich. tEjrttufiw stdvitory Committee: SCAoirman--HARVEY S. SIEGEL, safely supervisor, K. H. Macy co.. Inc. New York. V , N Y ; K EN N ETH A. LANE, director. Employer-Employee Relation* dept.. American r , Hotel Assn.. New York. N. Y .; J. N E IL MOORE, secretary. Greater Chicago Mold I ' Assn., Chicago. HI.; HOW ARD C. SEEHAUSF.N, executive director. Bowling Pro- J. prietors Assn, of America, fnc., Chicago, 111. J s u f Representative--RAY MON D C. ELLfS. JR.. National Safety Council, Chicago. UK if t 'rogrom Chairman--EDWARD KKYSZAK, staff assistant. Loss Prevention dept., Mont* ftomery Ward & co., Chicago, III. f)ff~thr-Job Safely Chairman--WALTER A. DUDHK, safety and security director, Thr Conrad Hilton Hotel, Chicago, III. r Trades and Services Newsletter-Restaurants, Hotels: Co-Editors--MARK DUNLOP, editorial director. National Rartaurant Assn., Chicago. III.; JO H N J. RUEELEY, JR, director of research. National Kes!anr::nl Assn., Chicago, III. fhnifrj. Buildings and Offices Division: Y* i- Chaimtan--C. E. SCHAR, superintendent of fire and safety. University of Illinois, Phyp* cal Plant dept., Chicago, 111. At JOHN E. JONES, supervisor of safety and training, Conunonwcaflb Edison & co , Chicago, HI. ' l oad Retailers Division: Chairman--M. G. JACKSON, safety director. I. Weingartcu, Inc., Houston, Tex. Vice-Chairman--HARRY H. COCHRAN, JR., labor relations-safety director, Safeway Stores, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. .W rr#rorj'~-AH NOLI.) R. M E L T Z K K , safely supervisor. S to p & Shop, Inc., Iloitou, M m Hotel Dhsirion: CAairwm^RODEJRT C. NOKDH AUSEN, personnel dircclor, AJherl Pick Hotels, Oa* cago, III. Vice-Choirman--HARRY GUSTAhSON, safety dircclor. The Drake, Chicago, 111. Secretary--ROBERT C. PETRIE, divisional trainer. Hotel div., E. I. du Pont de Nemooit A co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. Mercantile and Warehousing Division: Chairman-- DONALD PRINCE, insurance manager. The Hccht co., Baltimore, Md. riYr-C'/iifirimm--WALDO COMINS, safety and fire prcvciiliou supervisor, Marshall F i d d . fc co.. Chicago, III. Secret III. \LLEN D. WALTERS, secretary. American Warehousemen's Assn., Ch* ) 195/ National Saftty Congress rule uy> not to rue air hosts to blow off oter tlolhtt, b o we pul the words air host on a card. We distributed tliese 16 cards to the con ferees, and in discussion asked "Who has the card that says "air h o stf" when Some body raised his hand, we asked what the safety rule was about air hoses. Normally they came pretty close to the rule, and we discussed each rule and its importance. The conferees brought out many examples of accidents that happened because the rules were broken. LOCKING-OUT RULE Session three was devoted to one of the safety rules: "The rone engineer or engi neering supervisor is responsible for prop erly safeguarding against dangerous condi tions developing during the progress of a repair job." The area of safeguarding ma chines from being started when being re paired is potentially very dangerous. In our company some machines are quite large, extending three to five stories high. It would be easy for a worker to start such a machine when someone was working on it. if proper precautions weren't taken. To drive home the necessity for "locking out" a machine every time it is worked on, we showed a film. "It's in the Cards," pro duced by the Abititi Taper co. of Canada. In our conferences we asked the conferees to note the behavior of the people to see if they could pick any of the seven types we discussed in session one. We concluded the session agreeing that it is important to observe the behavior of our people to prevent accidents. PERSONAL TRAITS EMPHASIZED in our last session, we discussed how people are both different and alike. Some times we overlook that people are so dif ferent, one from the other. To demonstrate this the conferees participated in *a little experiment. We gave them a number and asked them to double the number and then re-double as far as they could go in 60 seconds. After the minute was up, we read correct answers and asked them to mark on their paper how many times they had doubled the number correctly. In every class there was a terrific from a low of two or three times up or 21 times. It was pointed .TO out that this large range of sUffcercoocs i true in any group of petqjOTW'1Ul(p trait or characteristic We discussed the people who would likely cause problems, and concluded most problems would come from those either extreme of the range. Then we that although every one is different, are distinct and similar types of personal/^ Five of the common types of pei that can cause difficulties a re : 1. The fellow who is sloppy 2. The tough guy 3. The show off 4. The loud month 5. The practical joker The sta ffy man is frequently laxy, things lying around. The tough guy safety is for sissies. He's lire fellow runs the machine with the guard off. much too tough to get hurt I The thorn is interested in calling attention to hi He will take chances to get people to him. The loud mouth attracts attend himself by telling others how to do their j He's the authority on everything. The one, the fra d ita l jokrr can give us a rough time. The problem is not how to recognise Ikn but how to handle them. The session enil with a summary of the four sessions the four foundations for good relations. Ag house of safety would have to be built a these four foundations: ( 1. To let each person know how he s getting along, supervisors must know accident, hospital, attendance, production quality reports with an understating through observation of the behavior of l>coplc. 2. To give credit when due, supervins should have an attitude of fairness ad sincerity. 3. To tell people in advance about tbi# that will alfcct them "safely wise" they know the safety rules. 4. To make the best use of each period ability they need skill in leadership beriug that everybody's different and nog nixing that people must be treated is h dividuals These are the foundations upon wfigl any house of safety must be b u ilt.A (I GLASS AND CERAMICS' SECTION ii: * 1 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 an/ Chairman--RUSSELL FRANK, Ferro corp., Cleveland, Ohio. Irrf Vice-Chairman--CLYDE C. RUDDICK, Pittsburgh l'lale Clast co,, I'illsburgh. Fa. Kand Vice-Chairman--JO H N V. SKF.NDALL, Harbison-Walker Refractories co., Pittsburgh, Pa. m tory--EDWIN L. WRAY--Ball Brothers co,, Inc., Muncie, Iml. P M Committee Chain,ion--T H O M A S R. DONOGHUK, Pittsburgh Plate Glass co. ^Pittsburgh, Pa. fmbership Committee Chairman--A. H. BURKETT, Owens-Illinois Class cu. Libby tGfass div., Toledo, Ohio. g iin risf tr Health Committee Chairman--W. C. HAZARD, Owens-Illinois Glass co., HTofodo, Ohio. mdeller Editor--RUSSELL FRANK, Ferro corp., Cleveland, Ohio. tfetj Promotions Committee Chairman--JAM ES L. MORRIS, The Federal Glass Co., iGWumbus, Ohio. tfety Contest Committee Chairman--JO H N V. SKENDALL, Harbisou-Walker Rcfraci lories co., Pittsburgh, Pa. uocialions Committee Chairman--W ILLIAM K OPPU T, Owent-Corning Fibcrglas co., 'Newark, Ohio. t-Tkt-Job Safety Committee Chairman -KARL STEINKRAUS, Owens-Illinois Class Fi.eo, Alton, III. . K r M Representative--J. E. CROUSHORE, National Safely Coiuicil, Chicago, III. I Jl ) 000377 \ H - - rr - , - m ; {-/ FICERS O F THE I RUBBER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Chairman--C. E. BECK, St. Clair Rubber co., Marysville, Midi. hainruii in Charge o f Program--M. R. IIATCHE, Firestone Tire A Rubber co on, Ohio. 'to y --W. J. DOOLING, B. F. Goodrich Footwear and Flooring co.. A div. of The F. Goodrich co., Watertown, Mass. Iter Editor--A. R. POMEROY, The Ohio Rulilicr co., Willoughby, Ohio. -string Committer: Chairman, N. C. I.ONGKF, U. S. Riddier co., Passaic, N. J.; TURNER, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber co. of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Canada; B. MAINES, Republic Rubber div. of the Lee Rubber & Tire corp., Youngstown, 'o. `tit Committee: Chairman, R. II. WILSON, M.1)., The II. F. Goodrich co.. Akron. Ohio; W. L. HOGUE, M.D., The Firestone Tire A Rubber co., Akron, Ohio; W. A. McCAUSLAND, M.D., B. F. Goodrich Footwear and Flooring co., A div. ol The Bl F. Goodrich co., Watertown, Mass.; F. W. SAN US, U. S. Rubber co.. New York. H.Y. riAi> Committee: Chairman, K. Il, OAVIS, Il F. Goodrich Chemical co., ClevcOliio; W. M. GRAFF. U. S. Rubber ex. New York, N. Y ; *J. L. UEAN. The Rreitoiie Tire A Rubber co., Memphis, Trim. iter Committee: Chairman, I). M. CORNELL, The Firestone Tire 4 Rubber Co., EAkron, Ohio; F. J. FRAME, The Goodyear Tire A Rubber co. of Michigan, Jackson. *Mich. ; G. A. MILLEU. The Gates Rubber co., Denver, Ohio. Association and Liaison Committee Chairman--D. M. CARSON, U. S. Rubber co., Detroit, Mich. tiiuf Regulations Committee Chairman--C. S. KRUGER, Carlisle Tire & Rubber ^Division of Carlisle corp., Carlisle, Pa. \ iUily Committee Chairman--RAY HART, The D aytm Rubber co., Dayton, Ohio. jfi'rr Committee Chairman--J. C. MILARCH, Cord'iroy Rublier co.. Grand Rapids, Mich. nicol Goods Committer: Chairman, C. R. COVERT, The Goodyear Tire A Rubber to, Akron, Ohio: G. E. ROSE, The Wooster Rubber co.. Wooster, Ohio; T. F. DAVIS, B. F. Goodrich Sponge Products, div. of The II. F. Goodrich co.. Shelton, Conn. Manufacturing Committee: Chairman, *R. M. HOYLES, Midwest Rublier Rcdaitning co., East St. Louis, III.; *R. W .FICKES. T ie Goodyear Tire A Rubber to., kron, Ohio; *T. J. CAIN, JR., The II. F. Goodrich co . Akron, Ohio: P. E. DERY, Dominion Rubber co.. Ltd., Montreal, Canada; C. G. TRA V ERS. U. S. Rubber Rethiming co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Laboratories Committee: Chairman, R. A. MANNING, The Goodyear Tire A Rabber co., Akron, Ohio; F. B. W ILLIAMS, Carlisle Tire A Rubber div. of Carlisle corpi, Carlisle, Pa.; E. J. FRANCOIS, United Slates Rubber co.. Research Center, .Wayne, N. J. ' r /.x,-rty . j-* >_ : T. ~ 1 - .0 7. G =eraf Tirr ir ti RzthesI Kiixn. Ohio: f. J. R .W 7 K E W 1 C H . V. S. Rubber co.. Joliet IH : S . R. HUh Dunlop Tire ft Rubber corp.. Buffaio. X. Y, Off-The-Job Safely Committee: Chairman, E. R. GARDNER, Akron O i a m W ^ ( mere*. Safety Council, Akron, Ohio; S. T. BURROWS, The Mansfield Tire ft F co, Mansfield, Ohio; *S. A. W RIGHT, Inland Manufacturing div.. General corp., Dayton, Ohio. International Synthetic Rubber Safely Association: Chairman, G. T. SH USTER, To U. S. Chemical to.. P ort Neches, Tex.; H. M. ARCHER, Petro-Tex Chemical i Houston, Tex.; E. F. METZ, Ccfcolymer Rubber ft Chemical corp.. Baton Rouge, I R. I. KELLEY, American Synthetic Rubber corp., Louisville, Ky.; J. A. BROW Petroleum Chemicals. Inc., Lake Charles, La. ; F. C STARBIRD, The Firestone T ft Rubber co.. Synthetic Rubber div., Akron, Ohio; N. P. BARKER, General Titt^ Rubber CO, Odesso, T ex.; L. W. BOULTON, Polymer corp., Sarnia, Ontario, I J. C UTLEY, Firestone Tire ft Rubber co.. Synthetic Rubber div.. Lake Charles, I K. K. KETCH EL, United Rubber ft Chemicals, Baytown, Tex. 19 Advisory Committee: *H. L ANDREW S, The Firestone Tire ft Rubber co., Pottsti Pa.; *T. H. BOYD, Manhattan Rubber div. of Keybcstos, Manhattan, Inc., Pa N. }.; *R. A. BULLOCK, Corduroy Rubber co.. Grand Rapids, Mich.; *G. D. CRC The Firestone T ire & Rubber co., Akron, Ohio; *R. S. FARNUM, U. S. Rubberi Detroit, Mich.; ROLAND KASTELL. U. S. Rubber co.. New York, N. Y.; V tS & KIDNEY, The Goodyear Tire ft Rubber co., Akron, Ohio; *J. E. LOVASS,. UVS ; Rubber co., Passaic, N. J. i Staff Representative--JO H N D. GALLAGHER, National Safety Council, Chicago I I Past General Chairman X. t i ) ) i \ 1 ) > >*,* It *>* I DfhwCRS OF THE HOME SAFETY CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 fSC Vice-President for Home Safety--GEORGE M. W HEATLEY, M.U.. third vice ' president, Health and Welfare, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y. h in iiw --MRS. GEORGE WELLES, JR., St. Louis Comity Safely Council, Duluth, | Minnesota. `cfreitntatives o f Home Safety Conference on N SC Board o f Directors--ALFRED W. fCANTWELL, A. L. CHAPMAN. M.D., MRS. GEORGE WELLES, JR. fmrmon-Elect--FR E D LONG, M.D., Commissioner of Health, Peoria, Illinois; Ameri c a n Public Health Association, e j ice Chairman, Health and Medical Section--JA M E S L. GODDARD, M.D., Chief, Arci- ') d e n t Prevention Program, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, l>. C. i. tcs-Ckairman, Home Building and Equipment Section--EUGENE I.. LEIIR. t b in . IV. gram Services, Accident Prevention Program, t \ S. Public llralili S m i , t..n * D. C. 3 icr-Chairnuiti, Community Service (Civic) Croups Section--M ISS MARY M. W EEKS, Program Specialist, Girl Scouts of the U .S. A.. Ncvr York. N. Y. rslary--THOMAS FANSLER, Director, Home*Safety Division, National Salely [Council, Chicago, Illinois. , I o o o 3 7 : i 1 "! - t:- -1 S') ) I OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SAFETY ENGINEERS NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 President--JOHN F. JU LI, safely manager, Consolidated Western Steel div., V. S. Stad corj., Los .Angeles Calif. Eirst Viet President--ROBERT CLAIM,* assistant vice president. Liberty Mutual Inur ance co., Boston, Mass. Seetmd Vice President--DONALD G. VAUGHAN,* manager, engineering At inspecta dept., Aetna Casualty At Surety co., Hartford, Com*. * Secretory and Managing director-J . B. JO HN SON , American Society of Safely Elf leers, Chicago, III. ! treasurer--Gli()K( K I**. NUKRNIIKKGKK, safety department, Kaiser Steel cotfi Fontana, Cilif. M ember M'Oi-t.rge Term Ending ipjg--MICHAEL F. BIANCARDI, manager, safety services dpartant A l l iS 'C l i a l m e r s Manufacturing en., Milwaukee, W is.; H. W. H EIN R IC H , c h a i n Uniform Boiler and Fressure Vessel Laws Society, Inc., New York, N. Y. : FRED H. KOIIELY, manager. Safety At Casualty, Colnmbia-Geneva Steel div., U. S. Stal enrp.. San Francisco, Calif. 7'rrm Ending I9$9--FRED CLAIBORNE, safety assistant. Pan American Pelrata* rorp, Tulsa. Okta. ; FRANK E. LADKRER, associate director of safety, NatM! wide Insurance, Columbus, Olito; E. P. MARCONI, manager. Safety Branch A* Inc., Tullaltoma, Teitn. Term Ending 960--(FORGE M. KINTZ, chief accident prevention Ac health & V. S Bureau of Mines. Region VI, Dallas. T ex.; CLYDE F. SCHLUETB accident prevention manager. Employers Mutuals of Wausau, W is.; VIRGILJ WOMELDORI'F. safety director, Illinois Power co., Decatur, 111. i Nrtuonai Vite Presidents Eastern Region--A R TH U R II. CHRISTIAN, corporate safety riigiueer. Viscoso coip.. Philadelphia, Pa. Northeast Region--WARREN |. PETERS, engineer. The Traveler* Ins. Co., Ro N. Y. Southeast Region--P. W. LOGAN, division manager. Engineering department, 1 Mutual Insurance co , Allanla, Ga. Centrai Region--JOHN F. JONES, safely supervisor, Commonwealth Chicago, III. Ear# Centrai Regimi--MYRON L. MILLER, su|ervsor of safely, Westinghouse I corp.. East Pittsburgh, Pa. KOBF on ) * cago, CLAIR resigned due to illness. He was replaced by DONALD G, VAUGfl d, 1958. JO H N F. JONES, safely supervisor. Commonwealth Edison . was made second vice president. *tfl ) I West Central Region--H O L L E Y I*. H U A Iil.K Y , supervisor of sa friv , Service Ptp^ Line fo.t Tulsa, Okla. \ Southxvest Region--t.DW IN II. LOCKE, manager ciiKiuccriiiK department, Texas ployers Insurance Assn., Dallas, Tex. W e s t e r n R e g i o n --S. K IR K L K N C O L L IN S , Mt|wriitlemlcnl, a riiilem Eu** & Prev. Dept Fireman* Fund Group, San Francisco, Calif. fVest Presidents: W. N. COX, JR., Professor of Safely ami Industrial Kii|[iiicrriiig, School * of Industrial Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, fia.; EDWARD \ B. LANDRY, Benjamin Franklin Station. Washington. D. C ; HENRY B, DUFFILS. > administrator. Accident Prevention, Wextinghouse Electric eorp., Pittslmrgh, l*a. ^laading Committee Chairmen jf Committee on Awards & Honors--P IE R R E E. DKKY, Mi|ervisnr of safety, Dmmmno RuMkt Co., Ltd., Montreal, QucIkt, Canada Committee on C/w^<rj--OTTO C. IIAIER. `.afely director, Standanl Oil fn. of Old, Cleveland, Ohio I Committee on Cooperation with limiineering Colleges- FRANK E. I.ADERER, h*-'" cate director of safety. Nationwide Insurance, Coliwdns, Ohio Committee on Cooperation with Engineering .VunVfiY.t- JOHN V. GRIMALDI, ' suitant in safety services. General Electric c.. New York, N. Y. Committer on Pittance--GEORGE l \ NUKKNUEUGER, safety department, Kaiser Steel corp., Fontana, Calif. Committee on General Publications--FRED H. KOHELY, manager of safety ami casualty, Cohinibia-Geneva Steel div., U. S. Steel corp., San Francisco, Calif. Committee on Membership--GEORGE L. GORIM.L.L, safely director, |crsonnel relalions department. Molisani Chemical co., St. Ia>uK M a [CpMtniffer on Public Relations--R O L A N D C. IIAU&R, safely supervisor, Knppers co,, Pittsburgh, Pa. ^ [Committee on Research--M ICHAEL F. lllA N C A H jJl, manager, safety services dept, Allis-Oialmers Mauanfacluring co., Milwaukee, V*;is. Committee on Safety J.aws and Regulations--T I IO \l AS R. L E\O U E A T E R , safety director, Todd Shipyards cirp., New York N. Y. ^Cemmiffre on Safety .Vhimhirdr--CLYDE IL C H L U E 'tT .R , accident prevention mana ger, Employers Mutuals of Wausnn, Wnnxau, W r SCommittee an Technical Publications--HENRY C. LAMM llroiixvillc, N. Y. 1 Committee an Congress Programs--D O N A l/* G. VAUGHAN, manager, engi neering & iiix(icclioit dept., Aetna Casually A Stir,;i co.. H anford. Cmih. 1'5/tdir/ Committee on Action Program--I. ( \_ STKN NETT. director, accident A fire prevention div.. National Association of b L |B j B j ^ |nlty`ly a |iQ iir'i|r" IH. Special Committee art Junior Achievement--I ^ K. C erri^yQ Spetto! Committee an Membership S r n ic e t-- branch Aro, Tullahoma, Terni. (TF.R MARCONI, manager,^cwi 0003 S p e tta t C cninuttee on M otor l/ e tu d e O p era tio n --AM O S K. N KY11ART, head. Institute of Public Safely, The Pennsylvania Slate Univ. A nnex U niversity P ark, Pa. : ' *W| Special Committee o h NSC-Society Relationship--DR. WILLIAM P. Y of research & development. Mine Safety Appliance! co., John T. Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pa. Spetial Committee on Review o f the Constitution and By-Laws--WILLI JR., Professor of safety & Industrial Engineering, School of Industrial Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. Special Committee on Society Exhibit at Museum o f Science and Indt R. GRAHAM Safety Engineer Bituminous Casually Co. Insurance Rm. A -917 Chicago, Illinois Hislorion-- EDWARD B. LANDRY, Benjamin Franklin Station, W* National Safely Council Representative--DAVID L. ARM. manager, Indus! National Safety Council, Chicago, III. ' t I;' t, IK .ft ih-i n >s lit ) 15 i I' I 1 G0381 ) . ! 9 $ T N a U o n o t S a f e t y C v u g * f i t SOUGHT FRINGE BENEFITS A fte r ib is ih r re g a in in g m i.I ihe heMci m rn l o f w ork iiiR rm dilnns Itrr.iiM c n focal point fo r a ctiv ity . U |*on (ring |o rli.illi' o r totally successful th e dem and o f lalm r tu rn ed to th e so-called frin g e item s. Uc- fco lly , th e figlit to slay ah ead o f ih c rising c o st-o f'liv in g h a s dem anded th e atte n tio n of the w o rk e r an d his trad e onion. We have passed over rather hurriedly the general bargaining history of the latmr movement since its rebirth in the early 30*s and of course a number of items which have been important have not been men tioned. During tins lime most unions bad little time or energy to devote to protecting Ibe safely of the monikers. In all fairness, however, there have lecn some outstanding jobs done by the unions in some industries and in some segments of industry. The best job by the im#>ns has been done, as far as safely was concerned, in those industries deplorable with safely records. This was accomplished principally because -airly was foremost in flic mind of the worker, lie saw his fellow worker injured and killed and as far as he was concerned protection of life and limb look precedence over other demands. UNIONS WROTE SAFETY CODES A number of unions have devoted a great deal of time and effort in formulating and promoting safety codes to reduce fa* talitics and lost-lime injuries. Safety codes are extremely important and worthwhile, however, without proper policing the ex* pedient employer and employee can enjoy a field day. Each effort, put forth hy the union, regardless of site, is important in the over all effect of preventing injuries to the wageearner. Each International Union has an obliga tion to make known to its affiliated local union that the union has an obligation to represent its membership in Ihc field of safety whenever it can effectively do so. The International Union has a responsibility of encouraging local unions to affiliate with the National Safety Council to promote a united front for lal*or in the held of safely, irrespective of International affiliation. Iiiternalir>`*a1 Union should encourage local uni o participate in plant, com 10 munity and talc *josnrcd safety programs, l-ach Inieroalioiial l Imotf'HouM establish a department headed by n competent clireetnr in assist in promoting safety within its local unions. Inlenialional Unions will* training departments or educational depart ments should add to their curriculum a course to prepare the plant union safely committeeman m do his job. USE PUBLICATION MEDIA Publications such as newsftapers, journals, magazines and bulletins can most effectively l*c used in promoting safely in the mind of the iuctnl>crsltip. Usually these organs find their way into the home of the member, where not only he, but others can read them. The International Unions should enthuse Iheir local tmiotis with a desire to promote adequate industrial condensation taws so thaf the injured mouther will receive ade quate care and compensation. Many employers had lit tie lime for acci dent prevention as long as the community atnl charitable nrgauirutmu* look care of his injured and maimed worker and the dependents of his fatalities. When industrial con>|cns.iii*>M laws were cuarlrd and the employers had to assume an additional cost burden, the citqdoycr usually became inter ested in his accident frequency. It is true there have been and there are employers who have lceii genuinely interested in the * safely and the welfare of their employees. However, it is regrettable that in the past there have nnl been more, because tfiere would lc fewer people working at a re duced income because of an injury and there would l>e fewer widows working to support their families because of a fatality. EMPLOYERS' ATTITUDES CHANGED ficncrally speaking (he altitude of em ployers regarding safely has been changed. This change has come slowly in some in stances and ralhcr fast in others. Some employers have the atliludc that safety is the problem of management and the carry ing out of safely programs is a sole func tion of management. Others have taken a realistic approach and have felt that a program of accident prevention within a plant must have Ihc support of both labor and management and have created joint labor and management safety progra' giving lalm r th e I***ttlv I n a s s i s t in d eterm ining w lial a n c iic rliv c p io g ra n should c o n ta in . Some of the lop management jieoplc in (he rulp and 1*;|K*f Industry of the West Coast have in recent years stated lliat the most valuable asset this industry lias is the people who work in it. Another industrialist stated that safely was on the same level of 0 0 0 3 8 2 `U L f4 t/r i\ n*e>Jfj production. n L* J . h a \ r ip:y~Vthl fttjtausc^uiw tAw*t:v (heir' union*. John safety program and of the past Ml years have reduced tin* fie* ipicncy figure for mills hi Washington. Oregon and California, a total of 45 mills with approximalely 20,000 workers, from an average in 1945 of 38.99 to 6.04 in 1956.^^ OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CONTROL THROUGH ENGINEERING by FLOYD A. VAN ATTA industrial hygienist, U nited Auto Workers, Detroit, Mich. The engineering part of the occupational health program is concerned with the con trol of |hose aspects of the work environ* ttifitl which may have an adverse effect u|*m the health of the workers in (he area. The must obvious conditions are those concerned with the tcmfieralurc. humidity, lighting and ventilation of the place of work. Otic (cuds to think of these items as con cerned with comfort rather than with health hut it should he <|uite obvious that if the temperature is excessively high, or exces sively low it can fie rapidly fatal and this is indubitably an effect on health, although not a chronic one. Somewhere between the normal room teni|>era(ure ami humidity at which we are comfortable ami efficient} and the tempera ture and humidity at wliicli we die father abruptly, there is a limiting value at which men can work, probably not in comfort but without permanent harm, ft is part of the business of the industrial hygienist to deter mine tins point and to arrange the working conditions so that the limit is not exceeded. Sometimes the control of heat ami hu midity problems is through ventilation and it is utwa)s the first idea, when a man is working on a hot job to turn a fan mii bitn. It always helps some hut on most hot jobs it is only a part, and often nnl\ a small part, of the total control which is needed To control properly (he man's thermal rn v iro n u u 'iil it is n e c e s s a ry to ro u s id c i a n d (le u to co n tro l holh the h u m id ity and the .`i M |H 'ru lttr c o f t h e a i r w h i c h s u r r o u n d s h i m .nl fb* K u t t t i t'H o f r a d i a t i o n w l m h arc* w ith in sig h t o f h is w o rk in g p o sition. INDUSTRIAL POISONINGS The ma/or merest o f the iminstrraf hvgiynist in ventilation entires in the control of| industrial |wisoiiiigs. There arc a fe w erases in which industrial diseases arc con tracted as the result of swallowing nine material or as the result of contact oh some materials with the intact skin. Hut they most commonly arise from the inhala tion of dusts, vapors, mists, gases or some oflher form of material in the air. The reason for this is clear after a .iiomcnf* llgmghl. fSuch materials as the phenolic compounds (carbolic acid, crcsols, resorcinols and forth) and the aromatic amines (aniline, hljuidmcx and so on) are easily and rapidlv al!sorl*ed through the skin Imt the undamaged sklin is designed to protect the body from nt'ack and is a complete harrier against the vJst majority of materials. |!M -aosr p e o p le d o rio t m a k e i t a c u s to m to .i1 t h e t h i n g * w h i c h ( fin * h a n d l e i n i m b r s l r e . o id itd iia ! diseases cau sed by iftcrslio arc :i Im i u n c o m m o n . I h e y c a n a n d d o k*c i u . p o ip lc to e a t H v a sin tu lly w ill th e ir h a n d s t'liiia in iiia ti'd w ith to x ic m a te ria ls a n d cat .is m u ch a* is irtp iir r p ro d u ce in d u strial 11 ) S tiltofuti Stiffly ( r*\c I recall one plant where llic cm* \rr* I a heiiMteal ing department had tvcrcl that they could have mVely >vic*l sandwiches J*y floating them on a rp I ird on Die lead pot. This i< <mc ilr letter methods lor developing chronic id poisoning by insertion oi lend Since ibis sort ol tiling is rather unusual, c major problems in the engineering con* 1 of occupational dhcase have to do villi eventing various kind* of dusts, vajior*, "<, or mists from getting into the air in place where men can breath them. There e a variety of methods available. SUBSTITUTE MATERIALS It is sometimes possible to substitute :t * toxic material for the one which is ring used and avoid the problem. A rather mimoti example would I* the substitution I a water emulsion paint for a lacquer inle up with solvents. This solve* flic mhlnn of control of solvent vapors with " further effort. It does not necessarily 'Ive the whole control problem since the 'ttftnml may also Ike toxic. Occasionally, it may he (lostiMc 1 avoid lr haiard by putting it somewhere where T*tle In not go in fhc normal course of work. || slionhl not f*c overlooked that iso lated operation* almost always reunite itcrvisHMi ami maintenance and the people wlm do this work must he protected. An totaled operation which is a serious source of air contamination is very apt to heroine a neighborhood nuisance. A more generally applicable dcvlyC the cm Insure of the process. This IV limit readily seen in the chemical industry where many processes arc carried out in a com pletely closed system from the raw material tanks at one end of the packaged product at the other. When thoroughly carried out. enclosure of the process unquestionably pro vides the most complete and most fool-proof protection for the workmen. The type of control which is most com mon is removal of the contaminant, either from the general atmosphere by ventilation <>r at the source by local exhaust ventilation o r h r .other means, such as wcl operation, which will prevent contamination from Iteiug dispersed into the atmosphere. The industrial hygienist will generally consider protective equipment to be pretty far down the line as a primary method for controlling a hazard It is useful as a prim ary means when (he hazard is of short duration *or occurs infrequently. The main use of personal protective equipment is as a second line nf defeme alter the hazard is pretty well controlled by engineering mean*. The main problem, in a great many in stances is to recognize the exact nature and extent of the hazard. When this has been dune, the appropriate means of emitrot arc apt to lie fairly obvious. 'I he fact that the particular condition has never been cuntrolled by a particular procedure which looks correct is not an adequate reason for deciding that it never can be.A SAFETY-- A MORAL RESPONSIBILITY by DR. CAMERON P. HALL eiecutive director, N ation! Council of the Churches o f Christ in the U . S. A .t New York city l.ik e th e (w o bit c o in in w m r fm ekel, b.s tw o sid e* O n r *de d e a l* w ith u h .it u c d o w h e n s a f e t y f a d * ; tin* o l h e r o d t n i m < r i i i w h a t v\ c d o 1<* p i o n t o i c s a f e t y . ^ | m ifi a ll y , we are l<> d ig h r n r a l f i t h e p r o g ram an d m eth o d . Iicn calh th e d evice an d ir 'h n i< |t e t o I* h o iiM d o even 'o r a l h a d * f o r w h y w e - th a n w e a rc in p u sh f > ing onr safety record higher and higher. At this safeguard-end nf the safety problem religion has a place as stginfii ant .a* at tfie hreaKdow'it-eiid. A concern fnr safely nraMircs is fed I*)- a lively sensitivity In the welfaic of the individual that is at the heart of die religious life of this nation. Judaism and Christianity arc together in affirming oouatid / . l i j l - Soft-tv this living truth: Ilie individual U <f wm because lie is of word) to <mmI. Whaf \ as a people ik la c.x|rrss in practical Irr flic wurlli and dignity of ||r individual is moral responsibility upon each of ns as an individual ami together in groups. You arc inlintalcly invnlvcil in all llir problems and interests of organized fd*or. Safely is one of these, but il is nol isolated from your oilier issues which are also moral issues. So Itclorc I plunge into the moral responsibility, f waul to stress that safety is part mihI parcel id other laJtor programs which are also shot through with moral responsibility, l:or instance, safeguards against imcniploysncitt are an accepted moral rer|Mmibility. We have the Full Employment A n of 19-16, which makes the avoidance of mi* employment a public |olcy. That a man not lose an opportunity In work is a moral issue; that industry, lalmr and the public join in putting a Door Itcncafh the chat'** lo lc employed is a moral responsibility. When technological advances, such as auto mation. arc introduced which threaten the availability o( jobs, counter measures ate promoted by faftor, ami receive a gor*d hear ing among ns. Why? Itcrausc dealing with threats to unemployment is accepted as a moral rcs(Mnsibilitv in our American w:i\ of life. UNEMPLOYMENT--A MORAL ISSUE Hut whence come major threats lo a man wilting to work being unable lo work? Cyclical, technological, and other causes, to be sure, stand out. Hut men are often--all too often--out of a job l*ecnnsc they have been hurt or maimed or disabled as well as bred because of some overall economic or technical sipiccrc. Loss <.f job and income is due in large pari to failure in safeguards against accidents. Safety is a moral rcs|onstbilily because assuring the opimrtnnily for employment is a moral responsibility. Again, ethical practices by bulb labor and management are recognized as a moral re sponsibility of Imlfi. Ibis pbrasc--"ethical practices''--lias taken *m specific reference lo the right nf the individual union member lo protection agaiiKi the uiKpsr .f mow and welfare funds. Hut ccilniolv hr s equally entitled to protection from unnec essary accidents--through education and r;ining, on the one hand, and through sa fe g u a rd s o n th y n |ltiE b a u d " |> |u e s s b y ;< u n i o n l o w n i d , V * > d l 9 l v I n IM ip h tlrf o f, a n y i u 'l i ^ i i l l w ^ i v a itlv m ea su res is a n u n e th ic a l p ra c tic e Im v aid u n io n m cm licrs am i o th e r w o rk e rs - it is a fa ilu re in m u ra l resp o n sib ility . SAFETY PROMOTES FREEDOM And thirdly, American lalmr is out m front in helping bring the strength of (lie United Stales into the free wurM. A cose of moral responsibility for safely is at the heart of what the free world stands for-- the worth and dignity nf the individual. Many tests that we Americans have lo meet licforc world opinion have to du with safcl.' --tests that we arc far from passing with (be grade that we can always l*c proud of. East fall, we had to expose to the world the hazard to their safety of nine Negro children iu going to an Ai Landis school. Thai kind of hazard to safely is a foihuc in uitr moral res|Mnsihilily towaid tin* woilh of a child. Hut tu rn lo a n o th e r asp ect o f o u r n atio n al life . <tu r m a re tt to e v e r g i e a l r r abundant*, ev er g re a te r p ro d u c tiv ity , e v e r g re a te r lech im logiral p ro w ess is im p re ssiv e , ev en b re a th tak in g Hut w r sh o u ld h e e q u a lly co n cern ed w ill th e p a e e w e a i e s e tt in g in o o - l h r jo b . o <n p a ( i o i i : d s a f e t y . A n d b e y o n d lb< w e mow s ta rt) o n th e tin cu b o id n f th e u n clear en erg y ind u stry , w ith its rea c to rs an d iso to p es, il* fissio n a b le fu e ls a n d th e ir ra d io a c tiv e W astes. The hazards o f r a d ia tio n in t h is new'i n d u s t r y g i v e t o m o r a l r e s p o n s ib ility f o r s a f e t y a new d i m e n s i o n a n d u r g e n c y . Let m j just mention three characteristics of the mlctilial harm there is in radiation: I, when? Vim are Imrl by over-exposure, you do h"i know il at the time and so start raring f^r it; you .learn of il--later; 2. thr harmful elici ts are not transitory; instead, they add up--accumulative!) ; .1. radiation can reaeft into the human reproductive sys tem amPiencc blight later generations. While these dapgcrs arc near Itic surface iu the use of radio-active materials, they can be kept under control h\ vigilence. Certainly safeguards against these risks should have lop priority in a safely program. W'b it : sli:n*g-t. v;iv f n u t i t h r rrla liv cH nudei dry duped countries in Asia amt Africa, o r f r o m h r b in d |lie* I r o n ( orla ii i, s h o u ld ask of ns, " In your impressive rush tow ard mounting croimmic pnspcrilv now into ! 1 /</.{/ Safety Congress >U U U i ' *_' I r ! 'ni'A inr Tint i* cheer gain, hut these laws Mill mi our roads rather than being cqc|tpt wHfc`1 tuuplr, that Ihc objective " f tiuhislriaf safety J. ttn doing something for the man who picking up the pieces after the worst h it1 should lie the preservation of human lifr Ndjfcifr filially got lat'lm y laws auJ^iM il I* met with an accident, rather than on happened. And (he proteclott of human health. We p W V rnnf#cM*aIi o n I ;<u nig.tutjytj h'(in( tviiK lull steam into eliminating entices li iit*lniln. Wtirii * slop is \tnUt% thru Toi:d security U a goal that is beyond om would further agree that an employer lias ft' a moral responsibility to protect Ids wIm*s jo make mines, factories anti inms saiir places to work. lht of all the Irgfs1alnn the *bole weight of responsibility reels on manning the life boats and getting the pas* men hill K#a progrr** r;> l*r m ad e wlxs of com|tcteme and good will and dew u : fcgRt*l disr:<c, .uimcondiiiiiiMi , nn-ntiil xin<jt mnt lion join together to help each other cinnefenct.tious from the conditions of employ aimed al llii* oliliv*'. ivoikot<i`s vompvii salitH* was tin* key. !*or until employe * were tiKdc directly and financially rc]x*n- mMgers and crew off the vessel. When an every way possible to promote safety rra auto has gone hurtling off a thruway then We all profess (o agree that human fife sible for the results of workers* accidents surcs against accident hazards. The syml the weight of moral responsibility is lo rush of this step is, I suppose, the Natioadi not cheap; that man is not something to (hey hud no rrnttnutfr niisnn to picvcul accidents. D ie whole pattern and falmV **f medical carf. Safety Congress itself. It stands for be sacrificed to a machine. And yet, these 'ethical principles are not always applied in our industrial safety program throughout Hut neither life floats nor ambulances are responsibility toward these fiarards al the full measure of moral responsibility that host, for our deepest responsibility to1 Jday (o day fife nor are they self-enforcing, the nation rests entirely on how good and how effective our workmen* compensation ir-H upon us today when ships still sail the the victim of accidents is to see to it 'prwacitthicainl daipvpidliucaaltioenconthoemyiccoimnteereinsttos, caonnd- and our occupational disease laws arc. high teas and cars rule the highways. Our all is done to keep him from becomin|] moral sense has grown up heyond that level victim. And that is a worthy cause for must he enforced either through group economic reasons of moral satisfaction. In its modern con* of us, wherever we are--in labor and, lion, or by society as a whole through /titica) action. Oh, of course, you can point to nv.my rel*l moral responsibility stresses preventing management, in education am) in govti other good economic rationaluafmis* for in the worsi (mm happening on the oceans and ment.-dk. :A* a rule, society docs not move as fast dustriai safety. You can say industrial a< - as the need would indicate. We a!) know, ridents add all kinds of direct and indim i (or example, that the first industrial revolu costs to production. You -can juiiiii in th'' tion had run its course (or more than 100 cost of hiring and training a new employer, years before society got around fo adopting of equipment damage/J in a uuk Rand enforcing rules and regulations of inn-- of the time lost by other cmplnxre w Sn LABOR'S STAKE IN SAFETY adustrial safely. For more than 100 ycars an atchfent oeews. mdiiMrial workers were given in legal pi lection against the rides and hazards of ii Ihit 1 will litri. !*. ,n - * by A. J. H A YES lustrial cmploymrnl. Vttll .Miti ..C fh 1 it * pT<rui Jong !/* ** * .' inlem t'onal president. International A ssociation of M achinists; v ice president, Here and there, a lone individual employer dent programs--and d.n 1* w 1 *v V A FL-C IO , Washington, D. C. might attempt to provide decent and health cidcnt prevention was reinforced with nnik- ful working conditions for his workers. Hut men's compensation and occupational disease I don't intend In slay within the limits of on the whole, (lie story of fatlorty employ That is why I say (hat labor's staJee* ment / (he IPili century--amj through the legislation that employers really iterarne safety coustcions. this title because 1 am certain little new in* safety is pretty obvious. Therefore 1 ti .early 20th century--was a pretty ghastly tnrmatmit could he said ninni! "Labor's touch upon aspects of the subject that is one. So it snems that the thing that counts Muir in Safety. It is <ihviou\ that no one not often discussed--a s s e ts that are sew ei- I don't ..<1 t,, BO into the details tl.M re here is hov, good our workmen's compensa(,on11 ' n<`` ^occupationaf disease legislation fotdil have a nalcr Male in imholiial what eiitversial. Perhaps they are m ^.iatlicaiive of the cold indifference with which rc* itrf* > sa ld i than the men and vm men who ate the discussed because they arc controversial human life was held * a ..-- 2-- direct victims of industrial accidents. Ami tliaili*s a g<Hnl ipicsliou I've spent E1HICS IN SAFETY UcloriM. Sudice lo say. K ,|iil not scem ,0 my whole mhdt life in the laltor movcmtnl. To an employer -- m atins of industrial vntety, occupational disease, accident pre- alter how many men, women ami children Since my views ami public statements r killed or criptdcd in the course of a As a matter oft lfacdt, I1 twv.ais projected int \rutin, and workmen's cnnu-0'aiiM--are the "corruption iu unions'* Issue have bcaj as frank and honest as 1 can make thmj r. There were always more wailing at gates the next morning--driven hy raw it by the vpry thing we arc talking alxmt here todyf-an industrial accident. I went all tied up with economic considerations. S They are important molar as they affect -- 1 sec no reason to be any less candid r rty to plead for a chance to jeopardise to work at 17 years of age because my and can be made to reduce--insurance costs, mating my views about mailers of iid_ . it lives and limits lather was. h>tally disabled hy a work in 11.oiling costs, and material costs. Ilut these trial safety. I assure you, however, thilllS jury--an i*iury that eventually hilled him arc all money costs---cash costs--costs that am not injecting controversy for its c SOClETy BROUGW CHANGES In the course of many years of studying are measure*) in dollars and rents. sake, but because these are matters dial or ^ The point 1 am gclling al. f course, is and dcaltngiwith the prohtcms nf my union To a worker, on the oilier hand, an in ecru the men and women who run the 41 ilnt change--when rik of Itch*; injured, diseased or killedeft'ftsult of it came-->vas not the --wbirli tre, o f course, fbc profdnns of tire mcmhcrs of- my uuiott. I reati/vd that our dustrial acrid it a $naUer ( something that is even more tangible than money. It their jobs. any regeneration *( moral and f&icat conviction on the pat I of n n phnciv prrsrnt sy^tviu m( wmhmcu's umtinisiiion is a matter of a nun's blood, Irones amt Safety--and accident prevention--have t came rather kx.uisc mjcicIv as a whole and oc npational ifivi-av' legislalion *. foni* (dciclj ami wlwdlj- nadertuatc t<i uwct lh<- sinew--of tragedy, suffering and sorrow. Ami sor nes, in faci, more than 50 limes ethical as well as an economic side. J -- thoroughly revolted, ft came because none of us--whether we represent Uborti American people were finally shocked necds of our complcx industriai siutcy- a fay-- -cry working day--if is a mat management -- would disagree with c< lifcough to correct a condition that had pre I am noi abmc in that cmichision. Therc ter of I. .elf 1 Someone, somewhere, in basic ethical principles in die field of W vailed--and grown worse--(or 100 years. aie. in fact. manv mcn in th Inhor move- th-: roimtn trial safety. We would all agree, for meni today who feci even n'"'#* M ro n g ly 17 /W Kohonut Safety Congress rmmutk |mo#c4 4mm immJ to fauw a .cM- rytwtMM .between employment disease (he ju*Iw s 6w4 k i t u U ttttiU ctio get lb*r w * rk ffcliW w ) c d U trd m fc d 1 le reinll is a deplorable lark of iifmnta mm alxmt occupational disease. VVe arc ears behind other countries in this respect. One expert in this field said that research in pneumoconiosis in this country is 25 years tx-liiml that of Great Britain. SECRETS PREVAIL IN INOUSTRV ' Indwtry sctn i ty oppotci objcdiyt rt> arch mmd if inUiduiM I o f in fo rm atio n m *nrtatniMMMil 4m--its U uuim it U more afraid of the posutilil^y of paying coinpcnsatoo U at fiis thaa it u Uut workers will die -- lack of. pro--r information and ade quate pftcMtwn. Here are specific examples that will illus tra te this point. There is some medical evidence that the chemicals used in the dye industry and in the manufacture of synthetic rubber cause or contribute to cancer of the bladder. In fact, one of these--amine--is <0 dangerous that it has been outlawed for all industrial uses 211 liritain since 1951. Out efforts to prove, publicize and restrict the dangers of (firs deadly acid hare hit stubborn resistance in this country. The large chemical companies have refused to find out if amine does contribute lo cancer of the bladder and have strongly resisted in dependent research into this problem. Muck Ute s u m tuuaUou hold* true -- the akbestot fa d -try . There appears to l>c de cided after-effort* on workers who produce ad w tw m that there is a marked correlab-- btiw--a iiU ite t employment and lung - cancer. H ere again, the industry has been traditionally t sfnetant to ooopecalc iu a full scale scientific study of this curious correla tion This i tim tP M .to do research in h--Itk haaarda recur* in wwluslry after indsttliy. DOCTORS OFTEN BIASED But even worse when workers do succumb lo raw er of the Madder nr the lung, or to tome other equally horrible diseases, we arc treated to the spectacle of company doctors who testify dial the disease couldn't possibly have been caused by their employment. Doc tors are supi ' to lie above reproach in our society. <$ a labor official I have known of too / cases in which company doctors have testified agatnaCtTSMMlAtC and lor management in occupational disease cases even though they knew their testimony was biased. It should not surprise us that doctors can lc unobjective in these cases where their testimony is bought and paid for. We have only to look at the wide-spread difference of opinion among doctors as to the effect of cigarette smoking to see that their testimony van sometimes he something less than truth ful. Most doctors who nrc not hi the pay of cigarette companies are convinced by all the scientific evidence on record that cigar ettes undoubtedly contribute to lung cancer. But the doctors on the payrolls of the to bacco companies either deny that cigarettes contribute to lung cancer, or at best main tain that there is not yet enough proof. As tve contemplate these conflicting views among professional men--and as we thought fully study the reluctance of industry to be honest about this matter of occupational disease--we cannot help but wonder whether the lust for profits has made many men for get the real purpose of life. What is the real purpose of life? Is it production and profit--or the well-being of the individual? If there is conflict between the two. do wc sacrifice production and profit or the wellluring of the individual? The ethical answer is obvious.. Uut (Tic practical methods of reaching the logical ethical conclusion arc more difficult. FEDERAL ACTS NEEOEO Wc could make a start by enacting com prehensive federal workmen's compensation and occupational disease legislation to take (he place of the chaos that results from having 48 different state systems. Dut I have no hopes for such a constructive ap proach in the foreseeable future. I am afraid (he insurance lobby, and the employer groups that profit from wrak administration arc too strong for us at this time. So we'll just have to make that one of our long range objectives. Uut there arc some things we can do right now. Wc can try to have programs set up in die National Institute of Health and in (he Public Health Service which would recognize the importance of occupa tional disease--and which would put the re search effort in this nation on a par with that of other civilized industrial nations. ) Xk... 0 0 3 Labor !( we cannot get decent factory itisp j&Kyftcl* ourselves pretty unpopular because we lion from the Mate goverment, then we `f f c i g Ioqkinj; for the things that are wrong the labor movement must resort lo seJf-b rfilfi American industry aiukv^nmcrican Many muons arc thinking in terms of rob society. AiJt.a' Icctivc bargaining clauses which would re quire the employer to adopt the safety standards set by the American Standards Association as fbe minimum acceptable in the shop. 1 may have offended industry men with this iiulictmcul of the ethics and morals <>f our business community. But I would he derelict tit my duty and false lo my trust ns ;ui elected ollicer of one of Americas LABOR FIGHTS FOR SELF We are also prepared to bargain for more .supplemental injury benefits when the com pensation provided by state laws is not ade quate to sustain a worker and hij family. Although our efforts will directly benefit only the 17 million organised workers, per haps they will release new pressures that will eventually result in improved legisla tion benefiting all workers. greatest unions if I did not say frankly ami candidly that we in the labor movement arc not satisfied with present legislation relating to industrial health and safety, workmen's compensation and occupational diseases. In a sense this is a great challenge to the National Safety Council--a challenge that can be met only if all facts arc squarely faced. If we in the labor movement could count on your assistance in the fight for lclicr legislation and more research on both The American labor. movement has but the state and federal levels we might, to one puriwsc--one reason for existence in gether, make this a far happier, healthier American life--to serve and protect Ameri and safer uaftnit in which to lire and work. can workers. There are times when we yw GOOD COMMUNICATIONS HELP SAFETY j by GEORGE SCR1VEN public relations director, United Rubber, Co-lt, Unoleum & Plastic Workers of America, A FL-C IO , Akron, Ohio Our organization has been safely minded for many years. The record on that score sficaks for itself in a loud and clear manner. The results of our efforts, in cooperation w ill enlightened managements, tell the story o( how \ \ t have seen the number of acci dents reduced in the plants in which our members work. I shall not go into specific hgurcs on frequency rates and sucli. I dim'! Mtp|K>sc any of you would dispute (be flat statement that good communications help safely. But l*d like to try and give you some of the techniques, the how and the why of that statement. First, let's do a little word analyzing. ( certainty don't want to sound like the pon tifical professor lecturing his class on empt ies Hut when we say good in our topic. "Good Communications Help Safety," we immediately infer that there is another kind l besides good. And there certainly i... I think there is a lot of bad and fuzzy <mmuijicntious going on in all fields Within the subject mailer at hand, I would say the word good means that type which gets some concrete reaction and re sults. in the United Rubber Workers, we think our comimmicatiotis have been good because we have the results to slum* for it '1 MUST HAVE RECEIVER hjow for the word crotomoicotions in the phrase. Yon can't hav communications-- fhc^ food type that is--unless someone c sending the message and someone is re ceiving it. I was in the Air Force in- World War II. and ! served as a radio operator in the Pacific ntxiard a 11-29 Superfortress. When I sent a message and no one receive! it, 1 didn't have co- cations. I "*s ) t ) ) O F F IC E R S OF T H E ' MARINE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COU'JNNCCIL 1957-58 Ztneral Chairman--L. H. QUACKHNBUSII, vice president, States Marine Corp., New York, N. Y. , stentivi General Chairman--CARL F. VANDER CLUTE, Renerai manager, Marine \ Ldept.. Gulf Oil Corp., New York, N. Y. fke General Chairmen (Atlantic Area) --JO SEPH S. BLACKF.TT, R e n e rai operation i i ) ,)rf;ii.ry (.ru m i/ ( huitmen) -HK Mi I.DW.VUD )IOL< DEN. IK.. USN'H (Chairman), president. United Slate*. P. ft |. Agenry, Ino, New York. N. Y .; CAPT. JO N ES l;. DEVLIN. JR., Alierai manager. UmIo I Siate limi. ^ jEfKL: fttift Region --S h ift <i*l .V lniM ii(- -JO SK I'll itH tB A V K IIS , Miger, Arcidmi Prevention Bureau, Pacific Maritime A m i, SuHI*namcUcu, CalH.j HARRY l`. AVERY, safely engineer, Matson Navigation co., fM fiphefttO.' C'alifi; CAI'T. F. A. M licGURN, marine inspection officer, 12lh Coast C n K b i s I n c t , San FVincisco, Calif. Great L o tts Region--Bulk Carriers--WM. ECKERT.ftTgt!, safety dept, intcriake S. S. ' ca, Cleveland, Ohio.; L, C MATIA, Secy., The Wilson Marine Transit co., Cleve- : hnd Ohio.; COM MANDER C. E. LEISING, marine Inspection officer, 9(h Coast Guard District, Cleveland, Ohio. Director, Inland Waterways, operating and shipbuilding--BRAXTON B. CARR, president, (' The American Waterway* Operators, inc., Washington, D. C. A tifatomi General (huirntnn fur 7im lvrj - 1. U. TTHOMPSON, axi*lanl general inniiactr. Marine Dc|t., Gnlf Oil rorji., New York, N. Y. . Ij trioni Genera! 17iiVmmn ( I 'rufframr, ( VmivMfimi*J---1H1AARHOi KL.D M. \YK`K, hmW vice pretmlcnt, American tUircau o( Shipping. New York. N. Y. tiirfonf Directors, Inland Waterways, Operating mid Shipbuilding--ROBERT I- GUAY, superintendent. River Transportation Dept., Ashland Oil St Refining co., Ashland, K y.; G. A. PE TE R K IN , JR., president, Dixie Carriers, Houston, Texas.; DAVID M. BROWN, JR., The American Waterways Operations, Inc.. Washington, D. C.; CAI'T. C H. STOBER, marine inspection officer, 2nd Coast Guard District, St. Louis. Mu. .haitiani Gemer*tI Chairten ( Mcmhvrship)--LAPT, JO N ES I'. DEVLIN, J K. ;T. T. W.I..L...K...I.N...S...ON, Sph Etti:.. Marine dept., Sinclair Rclming cn, Director. V M e M a tto n i--)1JfANK (RAYNAUD. director. Ritrcun *f litformatML American Merchant Marine Jn.*L, New York, N, Y. shsitUmf Director ( I'uUlic Relations)--JOHN K. t//:Y AM A'7, Special tutuUmt Atlantic Coast Director, Maritime Administration, New York, N. V. IAL SERVICE COMMITTEES mum, Ship Owners Associations Committer--RA I.I'II I'.. CASliY, prcsideiil. Aiuciican Merchant Marine Institute, New York, N. Y. man. Statistics and Contests Committer--CAPT. C. M. I.vm-fi, imn;ii:ir, safety ami training, Sinclair Refining co., Marcus Hook. l 'a. Director, Maritime , huuitition mi/ l/hniL nnr- li. .1. ltAKE^EstyWMinjf and Ship Repair Committer--R. ft. C H A PPE LL . IK . tifiti**' i if tri rerdiiry-trcaMirc. Americfaion.---Safety '! Y,rtE fs.. Y, R .*:gcr, Llcdric Moat div.t General Dynamic* <ip, Or. K h D \f* |l an Merchant Marmo W .. engineer, .M....a.r.jyiiliainiud S. l. fXt IV. IDt-. Im'll,, lldiim .-rr, M-l I K M 'I* Director, Safety hifannatiimii umntdi. // ViWKfic'rr/./----(i A` \nlP*jT.*^M iIlLTTON RflKREL.LLCCIE**.,. nianager, Kp rBB. EEAAi TTi.*EE\RRi#,, occhhii_eeff*ss-aaffeellyy eennggiinneeeerr.,,...TT..o.o..dd..dd SShhiippyyaarrdd** cc*rrpp..,. NNeeww YYlkc.. NN VV .. RP '#*pPtI KKll Shipping to.. Port of N. Y. Ollicc, New Yrk, N. Y. G. LEWIS, safely engineer, I'cthtcficui S*l*:l cn., Hcllilrlwm, Pa.; IH-.KMAM j. P.dtor, Marine Nnestrtter--W ARREN D. LINDSAY, director of Safely, l nited Statej NORDSTROM, safety engineer, Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock to., Newport News, V a,; JA M ES O'DONNELL, director of Safety, Avondale Marine Line!, New York, N. Y. Ways, New Orleans, La.; J. A. STAFFORD, safely engineer, Ingalls Shipbuilding wrp., Pascagoula, M is/.; GILBERT W ID DO W SON , safely engineer. Sun S. R. & REGIONAL ACTIVITIES ANO COMMITTEES D. D. eo., Chester, P a.; J. C. YATES, director of safely, Alabama Drydock ft Shipbuilding co., Mobile; Ala. / I m i t i m i Chairmen M gr. of O peration*, M arine 1.......... .. . . ... W IL L IA M IL (.'H A T F IE L D , K eystone S hipping co., P hiladelphia. P a .; A. S T FISCIIKR, manager. Inland div.. Marine Transport Depl., S`Hny-Moht Oil C.t KjfrToirmo, Tanker Safety D im ttt' r York, N. Y .; J. R. T H O M P S O N , a ^ ista til general m anager. M arine Dept.. G utftfh Atlantic Refining co., Philadelphia* G roups-CAPT. K. Agency, lm\, New 'f 4 A. C U L V E R , safety engirt r flc ro.. New York, , | V.k W -I AMF.S T. ^ i L r CORNWELL. ,,fe ty dce*. . f/jriih u U CfMtnmin L'ii/HM fiV Rcftion) C u*fjo 1im i Duseeniter- /..c..s.Vie.l.c. I-. VA NYI l*. V J LEY. brcciMr <f Aafcti, M'/NC'Mrl nm.uk Line*. Inc., New Yirk, N. A. i fcioirman. Great Lakes Safely Discussion tTiuup--ftOBERT E. KRATZICRT. Vessel Gulf Rrtei'gpiinnan---S.ihmipps a..m...i. S...t.e..v..e..d..o..r..i.n. .g, T. C BRYANT, sii|irrvii<ir. Accident I'rrv PcfSonnci gf., Coltnuhia Tr;ms|>tt:siion s o , Clcvclpmi, Ohio. b iftc-sttsorH. roU<IitcSr.mS.i.ii ro,, S. Whitney lIIlhMlRf.., New Orlc.nis. La.; KAKI.h. SMI III. uf^E S. Corp.. Mol*ile. Ala.; O. P. YILLAKUUBIA, rlaim JKimsris C o m m iff,,_ r a rT ,,e, , ,, _ Y (Chairmatt), assisKint manager. vsfety m.iu.iycr. T. Smith A' Son, New Orleans, I.n. ; E. R. SEAMEN, n * Operations div r<^,' (O ilI'M T i\. MACK New York, N. Y.; CAPT. K. W. ttoorr.* MMiissiisvvi(ijii|<|.ii SSlliiii|(>.||>iiionss;: ceo...,.. Iloncc.... NNeeww OOrrlleeaannss,, llaa..:; vC/A'tPT. J. ................... " ' ..... ' It. R U C t* R F1SKE IR . r * ''.`L New York. N. y . T exa " SKY' -,R - s eo.. "WRrr, Marine tept.. Stale Marine Line*. . r i |) ,, ,.r Kill C o a s t G u ard D istrict, New O rle a n s I-- St i . --IA L GOVERNMENT COMMITTEES FOR SAFETy IN NATIONAL DEFENSE ( Chairmon, S o ftly Policies fo r Regulations, Ship Inspections--R. ADM. H.`T U. S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, D. C .; R. ADM. HEARD, USCG (R et.), Washington. D. C. " Chairman, Committee fo r S afety in Notional Defense Transportation--VI JOHN M. W ILL, USN, Commander, Military Sea Transportation f ton. D. C. Atlantic A rta--R. ADM. DONALD T. ELLER, Commander, M.S.T.S., B Pacific A r e a - R. ADM. H . S. PERSONS. Commander M.S.T.S, Fort ! cisco, Calif. Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Area--R. ADM. FRANK L. JOHSON, London, England, c/o Navy 100, Fleet P.D., New York, N. Y. Western Pacific A r e a - R. ADM. G. C. W RIGHT, Commander M.S.T.S., Y North Pacific Subarea--CAPT. N. A. LID STO NE, Commander, M.&. Scalllc, Washington. E Gulf Sufcarro--CAPT. J. II. BROWN, USN, Commander M.S.T.S, Gull ' Orleans, La. Chairnum, S o ftly Committee for U. S . Coast Guard--Safety Within the S' LAWRENCE M. HARDING, safely director and assistant engineer-; Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Chairman, National Defense Transportation--Rtadiness--CAPT. M. I. GOOD lime Administration, Washington, D. C. Chairman, Safety Committee for Longshoremen, Harbor Workers--RALPH W. STROM. Marine Safety Advisor, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Labor, Washington, D. C. Chairman, U. S. Naval Shipyards Safety Committee--CAPT. H. L. MATE USN. director of safely. Office of Industrial Relations, Navy dept, W" Staff Representative--L. W. D UTTON , National Safety Council, Chicago $f J J * t" 'j A > V* M 0 G 0 3 no ) M t National S o ftly Congrtlt valve, operating from the preis halt, 1 uteri to interlock this circuit. There are many different ways to air valve a press clutch or brake. Depending on the specific application, certain ways may I ) OFFICERS OF THE be less hazardous titan others. For the 1-- in safely, other items, Sfk!h','W , deqaiW ^ guarding and interlocking, are very flp portant and must also be given c a rd S j consideration. AUTOMTIVE A N l MACHINE SHOP SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 OFF-THE-JOB ACCIDENTS i Statistics are such boresome things And figures rather dull. It's hundreds, millions, billions, trillions. Over which we mull. It's carelessness in little things At home and on the street Neglect in moving objects small Away from rtutning feet. But facts arc facts where ere we go Regardless of amounts. So here's some taels on accidents. And that's what really counts. A makeshift ladder, sliding rugs, Electric cords that spark A disregard for cellar stairs And stumbling in the dark. It isn't always big machines With blades of sharpened steel That rob a man of arm or leg And make his senses reel. Crossing where no crossings are While looking at the sky. Driving on a slippery road With milestones whizzing by. Nor is it always "on the job" Most accidents take place. But just the opposite is true And figures prove our case. These are the things that take a toll We all should frown upon So watch for them when off the job, As well as when you're on. -Ilu m b lt ripe L int Company. Houston, 0003!) 1 rl General Chairman--W . C. BARBER, senior safety engineer. Standard Accident Insurance Co., Detroit, Mich. I V itt Chairman--EDW ARD D. RAHDE. supervisor--Employee Benefits and Safety, West^ bighouse Air Brake Co., Wilmerding, Pa. Seeretary--GILBERT A. SNYDER, supervisor, Safety and Sanitation, Atlis-Clialincrs \ Manufacturing Co., LaPortc, Ind. Program Chairman--G. C. SOU1EK, safety engineer, Chrysler Division, Chrysler Corp.. f Detroit, Mich. Newsletter Editor--W. EUGENE STU FFIN G , director of safely. Carrier Corp., Syr:*Vcuse, N. Y. IEngineering Methods and Procedures Committee--GEORGE E. IIUM lMIKEY (Chair man), safety director, Cadillac Div., General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich.; DAN 1\ BRADY, manager of safely. The Maytag Co., Newton, Iowa; WILLIAM E. GRUBER, manager. Safety Engineering Dept., Standard Accident Insurance Co.. Detroit, Mich.; JO H N R. MAGOUIAN, director of s..(cty, Federal Enameling A Stamping Co., Pittsburgh, P a.; W. E. McKELDIN, safny supervisor, Westingliousc Electric Corp., Philadelphia, P a.; D. T. MOULD, safety director. General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich.; A. J. RUZICH, safely engineer, Chrysler Coip., Mopar Plant, Center Line, Mich.; ROBERT V ERIIAAREN, asst, safety director, Ford Instrument Go* Div. of Sperry Rand Corp., Long Island City, N. Y .; C. A. DcMONGE, personnel director, Kelsey-Hayes Wheel Co., Detroit, Mich.; CARL J. PETERSON, staff safety engineer, Chrysler Corp., Detroit, M idi.; EUGENE E. GARRITY, safety director. Hunter Division, Robbins A Myers Inc., Memphis, Teun.; ROE BOONE, safety engi neer, Procter St Gamble Defense Corp., Milan Arsenal, Milan, Tcnn.; MILTON A. RATHERT, safety director, C. H ager & Sons Hinge Co., St. Louis, Mo.; JO SEPH MOORE, safely engineer, Schlage Lock Co., Ilayshorc Blvd., San Francisco, Calif.; MORGAN OW ENS, Chevrolet, Oakland Division, General Motors Corp., Oakland. Calif. Education and Training Committee--O. J. PfC K EL (Chanman), supervisor, Safely and \ Medical Service, Wagner Klrrtric Corp., Si. l-onis, Jin .; W. EUGENE STUFFING, director of safely. Carrier Corp., Syracuse, N. Y .; ROBERT BEESON, safely super visor, Hagerstown Plant Perfect Circle Corp., Ifagejrstown, Ind.; JO HN E. KANE, supervisor of safety, Temstedt Division, General Motors Corp., Trculon Plant. Trenton. N. J .; W ILLARD KERR, associate professor, jltiuois Institute of Technology, Chicago. III.; DANIEL G. SULLIVAN, safely director, Pittsburgh Sc. ew and Bolt Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; HUGO PETERSON, manager of training. Mendi* Corp. : Milwaukee. U is : I \V. VOt'.VG. South Bend, In d ; E. CLARK WOODWARD, director of sa Interrationalv Harveer Co. Chicago, III.: ;HOWARD R. If \ . \ E.V. S R . Sait-;. E - r 'r t tr . .V.1 Trrr-~Ur.:r. D > . Minor Co, L i v : ^ . - rrtr;c'* *; r Works. Ea*t 1 1 - i 10 '. ' i . r r '- j -  ) tteahh and AfuitiirHurti r t uMiNlfre---WAY ItARVEY (Chairman), assistant safety director, Ford Motor Co.# Dearborn, Midi.; J. C. RADCLIhFE, supervisor, Industrial Health Unit, Medical Section, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.; W. G. HAZARD, Industrial Relations Div., Owens-Illinois, Toledo, Ohio; J. W. L A K ^.iniIttltnal hygiene engineer, Michigan Mutual Liability Co., Detroit, Mich.; JO H N H. HYNES, Oldsmobile Div., General Motors Corp,, Lansing, Mich.; M. F. BIANCARDI, manager, Salety Services Dept., Allis-Chahners Manufacturing Co., Milwaukee; W it.; EDGAR O. PRANGE, salety director, Bendix Aviation Corp., South Bend, Itu t; OWEN PEEL, safety department. Burroughs Adding Machine Co., Detroit, Mich. Membership Committee--RALPH M. COE (Chairman), safety director, Goodman Manu facturing Co., Chicago. III.; PAUL KRAMOS, chief safety engineer, Butler Manufac turing Co., Kansas City, Mo.; B. J. POVOLNY, safety director, Harrison Radiator Div., Genera! Motors Corp., Lockport, N. Y .; F. H. HUM PHREYS, manager. Prop erty Dept., A.C.F. Industries, New York, N. Y .: J. E. MOORE, vice president, Corporate Service, Inc., Detroit, Mich.; H. II. H UNTINGTON, assistant Industrial Service, International Harvester Co., Chicago, HI-; WARD ANDREWS Protective Equipment Inc., Rock Island, III. Stuff Representative--HARRY C. JO HN SON . National Safely Council. Chicago, 111. OFFICERS OF THE POWER PRESS AND FORGING SECTION ' NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 General Chairman--T. A. KRAKOW, director of safety, Deere & co., Moline, III. Vice Chairman--C. D. BRAINERD, safety director. Olds Forge Plant, Oldsntohih* *iv.. General Motors corp.. L: using. Mh Ii. bertlary--FRANK HAUSMAN. ftnfely engineer. Kinployrr. Mutual t.ialnlily lus. co. of Wisconsin. River Forest, III. fragrant Chairman--JAMKS McCl.lAMANS, safety sii|H*rvi*air, Weslinghnnse Klvrlrir corp, Sliaron, Pa. imginrrring and Trchniral IW n iliim i Cimiwit1er (Itnirmrii WII.1.IAM II. Itl-'KKY, suiierinlriMlcnt, forge div-. InlrrimliiMitil Harvester eu. Traelor Work., Cliieago. III.: KOIIKRT A. IIKYDKN. rliirf. i-lrrl rit.'il anil matnlcnaiuc dipt., Western Electric r., Chicago, III. Iducation and Training Committer Chairman--THOM AS M. BULLA RI), safety manager. The Budd co., Philadelphia, Pa. VWiV Relations Comtnittee Chairman--DONAI.*) W. ST IT T, :i `i . general manager, industrial relations. Continental Can co.. New York, N. Y. Irmbrrship Committee Chairman--GEORGE M. JO H N SO N , safety director, Dichoht Inc., Canton, Ohio }-the-)ob Safety Committee Chairman--HAROLD F. LILLIE, director. Safely Council of Greater Lansing, Lansing, Mich. rwsletter Editor--GEORGE R. ORTH, staff assistant, Accident Prevention, Wcslingbouse Electric co., Pittsburgh, Pa. *9 Representative--ARTHUR S. KELLY, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. 00029. V Ambers: JO H N I). ALLEN, safety director, Wyman-Gordon, Worcester, Mass.; HOWARD BUSS, safety director, Oneida Limited. Oneida, N. Y.: CHARLES H CANNON, education div., Dept, of Labor. Stale of Illinois, Chicago. III.; JO HN A. CHURCHILL, safety service dept., AHIs-Chnhncrs Mfg. n>. Milwaukee, Wis ; HAROLD A. DASCHNER, inauagiiig directoijj Pressed Metal Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; W ILLARD A. DUDLEY, dept, of fire prevention and Nvfcty, Eastman Kodak co., Kodak Park Works. Rochester, N. Y.; *GIf/EN H. DUGGER, director, health and safety div., U.S.A.E.C., Albuquerque Operations Office, Albuquerque, N. M.; CLYDE O. ENOCHS, safety director, Chevrolet--Flint div.. General Motors coip.. Flint, Mich.; #ARTHUR R. GRAHAM, supervising safety engineer, Chicago District. Bituminous Casualty corp., Chicago, III.; W ALTER L. HANAU, assistant superintcnd- mt, engineering dept.. The Fidelity & Casualty c i . of New York, Chicago, III.; *ED- VVARD A. HESSMER, director of safety. T he d'liver corp.. South Bend, Ind.; WIL- rLIAM A. ISAACSON, safely director, L. A. Youqg corp., Detroit, Mich.; HOUSTON ||B. LAMBERT, safety supervisor, A. C. 1:. Industrie', Inc., Buffalo, N FRANK W. MARCACCIO, chief, industrial inspection div, Rhode Island Dept; deuce, R. I.; M. (M IKE) McCAKTHY, safety consultant, Columbus! corp., Detroit, Mich.; E. H. M EEKS, personnel and safely director,| liamj Sleet Forging corp.. Alliance, Ohio; ELI D. JMUUJUUL managci of South Bend, South Bend, Ind.; CARL J. PETERSON, ataff safely ler corp., Detroit, Mich.; *G. DEW EY REED, safety engineer, ULami M Underwriters, Lansing, Mich.; E. D. SALLEE, company supervlisieor W i industrial hygiene, American Can co.. New York, N. Y .| J. ROB! Parrish Pressed Steel co., Reading, P a.; W ILLIAM H. SLAGER, visor. International Harvester co.. Tractor Works, Chicago, III.; Gl~ safety director, John Deere Planter W orks of Deere 4 Co., Moline,'! P1LLAT, M.D., The Oliver corp., South Bend, lnd.; *EDWIN 'J; district safety supervisor, American Brake Shoe co, Chicago, 111.; GEOf stall engineer. Clearing Machine corp., div. of U.- S. Industries, Inc,-1 M *Former Geiieral Chairman M j > 1 M tr !* 0G0333 ;rt r - ) Mteiihi/ fw tm INCENTIVE AWARDS FOR GOOD SAFETY RECORDS IN THE MINING INDUSTflY be the best basis on which to make a i svi.e. .l c c steliecotion of award* w jjpf c x p lain * 1 Tldz basis had several advantages, ifig-- -Wpr in this paper. which w ere: . By every employee recervmj? an award a. Within our reporting or labor ac- *< are eliminating two employee opposi- by JOHN McKENNA SMITH p t iafety engineer, A ib e slo i Corporation Limiter), Thetford Mines, Q uebec, Canada counting set-up, this figure could be easily reporleil by the timekeeping department* daily. b. If a lost time accident occurs on any tirhns to an incentive plan: a. They feel they work to establish tire safety record and then the supervisor 1 receives the reward. [ Tins paper deals with the application ol 2. The employees should know their day during the month, it is not neces sary to wait until a new period before b. Many feel if their names were placed in a box and one name drawn for a safety incentives at Asbestos Corporation Limited in Tliclford Mines, Quebec. Awards standing during the time the plan is in operation. another no-accident record can start. safety award, their name would cer for safely acliievments have been used by .1. The awards or incentives should be The objectives were set so that once the tainly not be drawn, tn other words. Ibis company for the past six years. This distributed to as many employees as first was reached, the group continued to Urey are just not lucky in lotteries. period compared to an equivalent period possible. amass consecutive shifts since the last lost All production and maintenance employees, before the award program shows the acci dent experience has improved appreciably. I. One group of employees should not be penalized for the |ioor performance f time accident. When tire second or third the plant supervisory and clerical staff, and ,objectives are reached, awards of greater watchmen are eligible for safety awards. To attribute the improved experience of another group. value are distributed. Head office staff, laboratory employees and solely to safety incentives would be incor rect because supervisory training and re 5. Tangible prizes are belter than mone tary awards. To be more specific, groups or plant a group at our non-operating properties arc divisions are awarded safety incentives after not included in lire plan. vised and improved methods have bcl|>cd 10,000, 25,000 and 50,000 shifts without a One group of employees should not he nnr accident prevention program. Never 6. The safely incentive plan must he un lost time accident. The value of Hie award penalized for the jmor jicrlormancc of theless, no single feature lias been more derstood by all employees. >t 25,000 shifts is-approximately two anil another group. instrumental in making our workers safely Management accepted a safety incentive one-half limes the value at 10,000 although When setting up a safely inretnive plan conscious Ili.su safety incentives. plan based on these principles, and it began only 15,000 consecutive shifts hare hren based on group incentive*, have group* or Asbestos Cot|x>ralion Limited is engaged on November 1st, 1951. It is still in opera idded to Hie total. iriiil* of cmplovce* slm do the - - : I: in the ruining and milling ol aslrcstos ores tion. EMPLOYEES KNOW WHERE THEY STAND The group* *1*-i'l t i I- I in Hie Tliellord Mines--Black Lake district I will clalxiralc on cadi principle and many cmplnsrt* in c ' !- of Quebec. Sonic 2,000 men arc employed, show how these principles were applied by The employees should know their relation |n>or safety perlnrniamr ol a >I ; . t operating three plants with a large expan our company. The success of the plan is to the objective when the plan is in opera lion of flic group. Since this i- .i y.i"up sion program in progress at one of them. due to strict adherence to the basic prin tion. effort, it requires good teamwork and it is Each plant consists of a mine, a mill, main ciples. This principle is extremely important in amazing to see how older employees advise tenance shops and facilities for the storage GOALS EASY TO ATTAIN , any work where an objective is being at new men on unsafe manner. and shipping of bagged asbestos. llcfore proposing any safety incentive tained. Everyone is familiar with the ther The breakdown of each plant for the plan, it is advisable to review the past mometer chart used h| cfiaritable campaign* safely incentive plan followed the main INCENTIVE RIAN experience of the company and of other and war bond drives. For the safely incen working divisions: i.e,, mine, mill, shops Six years ago the safely department of organizations in tire same industry. This review or survey will guide in setting objec tive plan at Asbestos {Corporation Limited, or maintenance, and general or yard labor. bulletin boards at the plant entrances or in Each group is a unit which operates inde Asbestos Corporation Limited examined sev eral plans to improve the safety record of tives for safety awards. the punch clock rooms, showed the number pendently in the plan. If a lost time acci Hie company. If accident prevention could It would indeed be unrealistic to base he constantly before the worker, the accident objectives on a yearly frequency of five of consecutive man-shifts worked since the last lost time accident for each group operat ing as a unit. These boards are kept up-to- dent occurs in the mill, it does not ailcct ttye records of other groups. .The groups are not equal in size but by frequency and severity would decrease. This lost lime accidents per million man hours would lower the compensation rate, since of exposure when your best previous fre datatethedapillaynt.by the timekeeping department selling the objectives on. the basis of con this company operates on a merit rating quency lias been 20 and that of the industry secutive man-shifts worked since the last basis within the rate structure set by the 12. In other words examine your records Quebec Workmen's Compensation Commis and set your objectives so they may I* MANY AWARD WINNERS Iqst time accident, the exposure to injury ip equal lor all groups. sion for the Quebec Asbestos Mining As readied by extra effort ill the field of acci The awards or incentives should be dis iTIre objectives are Hie same for all sociation. dent prevention. Do not expect miracles tributed to as many employees as possible. groups. There were several objections tn t f A safely incentive plan was proposed to and do not set the objectives so high the Several plans operate with the supervisory litis; many employees maintained their work management based on the following prin employees will feel they cannot attain these employees rewarded for safety records es was more hazardous and should therefore ciples : objectives. tablished by their workers. Ollier plans receive a handicap. Our experience however, I. The goals for safety awards should At Asbestos Corporation Limited, our allow so many awards per department or lifts shown that the equal objectives for all be realistic and possible to attain by survey of past experience and local condi per 100 employees. We distribute awards groups were justified. This is a point t" ? group which would pay particular tions indicated that consecutive nian-shiflr to each employee of the department or plant st'rdy carefully before an incentive plan is don to accident prevention. worked sviiliout a lost time accident --'uU division eligible under the plan. The cost pvt into operation. 20 ) /IM / I '.!J t f t i II preferable lo distribute useful (tins a* safely awards Ilian lo give llic equivalent m cash. Many companies distribute individ ual pins, or departmental trophies. This rerlainly advertises the accident prevention program but a pocket knife, wallet or some small tool is a constant reminder of acci dent prevention. The distribution of useful items has been quite popular among our employees. Tlie safety incentive plan must be under stood by all employees. This basic principle applies to any incentive plan initiated and operated by a business organization. When the safety incentive plan began, notices were posted on all company bulletin boards ex plaining its operation. Meetings with super visors illustrated in more detail just how the plan would work. When new employees are hited, the plan is explained in the pre employment interview. To recapitulate briefly the safely incentive plan of Asbestos Corporation Limited: Eacli operating plant is subdivided into four sec tions which operate independently in estab lishing safety records of consecutive man shifts worked without a lost time accident. When one of the following objectives is reached, 10.000, 25,000, or 50,000 and so on in 25,000-sluft increments, each employee is entitled lo a safety award if be lias worked at least 75 per cent of the time in that section during the period the record or objective was being established. If a lost time accident occurs in a section, the cumulated man-shifts drop to zero and a fresh start is made. SELECTING AWARDS FOR SAFEiy The S'lection of suitable awards is im portant. When employees are eligible for awards, they are entitled to the choice of one of five or six items. The system used by Asbestos Corporation Limited entails more work and |x)ssibly has some disadvantages but it is more acceptable lo our employees. If we decided everyone was to receive a flashlight or a pen knife there would be many complaints about liow many our men already had: therefore, it is wise to allow a choice of awards. The decision of the five or six items is made along the following principle: two personal i i.e, pocket knife, flash light. lights vo items for the home, i.e.. 21 I'yrcx ware, table lighters, mixing bowls; two tools, i.e., hand axe. pliers,-mg. To illustrate the range of awards distrib uted over the past five and a half years lire following list (or each series of awards. lias been compiled : tj /irst A ward (10,000 shifts) .las had an aclive supervisory training proi gram during the past five years. I shat] indicate the improvement in the safety ex !perience since the inception of the safet: >incentive plan and point out some features which might he directly attributable to acci dent prevention awards. Table I is a breakdown of our accident iy j o o a i ) t-j Hfininp ^j-rfit.rfr v minent feature after theW li.nimi neentives was the sharp Winelion e accidents involving one to three time, wlicn Tfie "iinpffcjafcs re alized that this was a "team" or group rou tes!, everyone co-operated in not losing lime for minof injuries, a practice prevalent in previous years. Mixing bowls, flashlights, table lighters experience from 1947 through 1956. This playing cards, asfi (rays, pipes, (fiermos bot period was chosen because it illustrates a tles, wescot wrenches, combination squares) period of five years, 1947 tfirough 1951. hammers, tinners' snips, hand axes, wreneb prior fo the introduction of tlie safety in sets, ball point pens and razors. centive plan and a five year period, 1952-56, Second Award (25fl00 shifts) ir Steak knives, Silex coffee makers, bill folds, vises, can openers, casting rods, pipe' wrenches, pocket watches, a casli allowance on a pair of safety shoes and First Aid kits Third Award (50,000 shifts) This is reached on an average of once a year by one of the sections within the com pany. The awards consist o f : safely foot wear, flash camera, carving set, socket wrench set, aluminum chairs and in some cases, coiiihinalinns of two 25,000 shift awards. that tlie plan has been in operation. __ Tables It and III are a compilation anti Biverage of these two five-year periods. These records indicate an Improvement ' rince the inception of the safety incentive plan. When the compensation cost plus the ncentive cost for the 1952-56 period is com pared to the compensation cost alone for the 1947-51 period, we find a yearly average saving of over $30,000, and this in a period when the compensation benefits as well as the wages were increasing. A downward trend lias started in the ac cident frequency, severity and costs when Tourlh Award (75,000 shifts) the incentive plan was introduced. However, The corhpany encouraged employees lo re turn to work by allowing them to relocate to a less arduous task for a short period of lime if the work would have to be done during the course of operations. The application of safely incentives at Asbestos Corporation Limited in Thctford Mines has achieved the results desired sine,: the plan was formulate and introduced, i.e., an improvement in our safety record and a decrease in compensation costs. Safety incentives when properly applied will produce the following results: a. The workers will become more safety conscious. b. Tlie compensation costs will decrease, c. Accident frequency and severity will nipt ovr. d. Workers will arrrpl the safely putgram more readily when they will This mark lias been reached once by one it is quite definite that the introduction of realize that management is willing to section. At the request of the majority of safety awards accelerated the improvement the employees in this section and with the is accident prevention. compensate them for safety achieve ments.aix approval of management, instead of increas ing the value of (he individual awards as we do for Use first three objectives, each employee received an award in the 25,000 shift range and a drawing was made for t T ttr L A N A L Y S IS O K TABLE I C C ID E N T K XPEH IK NCK . c o m p e n s a t io n a n d S A F E T Y I N C E N T I V E C O S T S . 1917-1956 Loot Tim Ace, No Loot T im e A ccidents ; *D ay UN Hears ef K xpM srw P ro - 8ererltjr Cem penetlen Cost Inrenfir* Coal two television sets, installed in the em * 47 233 198 5.82* 4 .4 (1 . ! C3.0 1305 6(21.017 ployees1 homes complete with outdoor an ' 1949 1)19 IDS 3*6 10.137 (. .1 6 1 14.1 2190 92.616 102 166 16.331 1,141.101 93.6 4850 60.061 tenna. ,, 1)60 132 309 16.038 4 .4 tl.m 29.6 3360 102.688 51 Needless to say this created considerable 1163 91 31* 1.603 4 .M 1 .7 30.8 367 23.914 64 199 8.403 4.141.3 191 2056 23.178 $ 9.356 interest in accident prevention throughout S3 *3 203 7.743 4 .C U JU 16.6 1905 98.319 6.613 the company. The president, the general 1964 55 29 * 62 232 7.781 4,177,5 . M 1860 267 3,643 4.M K N 0 11.9 363 26.886 81.262 9.796 7.675 manager and other lop company officials, 196* 38 262 1.168 ( .M l i e.8 372 29.173 7,394 were present for the drawing. The event was covered by the local picss and some local correS|K>iidcn(s for the Metropolitan dailies. When another group reaches the 75,000 shift mark a drawing for an expen sive award will be made only' if it is the expressed wish of the majority of employees of the section. Anyone in accident prevention knows it is difficult to attribute improvement in safetj experience to any one item. Asbestos Cor poration Limited has been constantly chang ing and improving working methods, a Period 1947-61 1963-66 | TABLE 11 COM PA U ISDN O P A C C ID E N T E X P E R IE N C E . CO M PEN SATION AND SA F E T Y IN C E N T IV E CO STS, l t n j i U t . 1932193* I.o e l T im e A rc. 716 236 N Loot T im e A erldrnte 1.044 1.163 D ay Loot 47.820 26.726 H our ef E x p o su re 31.076.473 21.069.846 f Fite- 0^0 3$9 113 Sc. v rrlly 2270 1266 C am ponatlon Coot $339,296 146.818 Incen tiv e Cn*t $40,732 COM PARISON Period 1947-61 1963-6* Lout Tim e A rc. 147 47 TABLE III V O r AVXRAOE Y EA RLY ACCIDFN T F A P fR IE N C K , COM PENSATION A N D S A F E T Y I N C E N T IV E CO ST S, 1^17-1931. 1 95M IS4 Nn Lout T im e A ccident D eye Loet H oar at E x p o su re K reqorpey 8ctc rlly Cam pen- entlon C ost Incen tive Cot 209 9.664 4.215.094 33,9 2270 $ 67.859 231 6.945 4.213.969 1112 1268 29.364 f 9.147 21 O Fn CBRS o f th e M INING SECTION >'*TkM***- NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 Acs C omm itttt--JO HN C. MACIIISAK (Cltairtumt). rliicf, Accitlnil AimU*. Brandi U. S. Hwctti of Min?*, WasImiKlim, I). \ it Uftiy Promotion Committee--A1J-EN l). L O O K '( Chairman), U. S. Bureau *f Federal Htiiltlinf;, Dultilli, Minn.; GI*,OKGK S^L L , Mintiii; Coiifres*i Jmiriiut, Mims Wash t ington, D. C.; ALVIN W. KNOKKR, Kncinccrinpr ft Mining Journal. New York. N. Y .; (*KOKC*K O. AUGALL, JR,, Mining World, Saw l;iancnro, Calif,; C H R IS MAMh'.N, Canadian Mining Journal, Ganlemale. Qneber^ Canada; DAVID N. SKILLINGS. Skillings Mining Review, Duluth, Mimics>i;i Grneraf Chairman--H. SLOANE. director of safety division. Mining Association of B. Vancouver B. C. SI ' P in t yitt-Chairman--S. E. SHARP, Tennetree Copper co., Copperhill, Tenn. Second yitt-Chairman--C R. NELL, Bethlehem Cornwall corp., Cornwall, Pa. Third yitt-Chairman--ROGER F. A. T H E W , safety engineer. Steep Rock Iron Nias Limited, Steep Rock, Ontario. - Newsletter Editor--R. G. W ARNCKE, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Atristant N rw tlrttrr Editors--Jjaht Superior District, F. D. W OLEBEN, Oliver In* Mining Division, U. S. Steel corp., Virginia, Minn.; Eastern District, JOSEPH W EEKS. New Jersey Zinc company', Franklin N. J .; Southeastern District. U. THOM PSON. American Zinc company. Mascot, Tenn.; IVestem District, W. LYNN, HART, American Smelling and Refining company, Wallace, Idaho; Central District, H. B. HUTCHENS. Eagle-Picher Mining and Smelling company, Miami, Okla.; South western District, PAUL H UN TER, Chino Mines division, Kennecott Copper company. Hurley, N. M .; Ontario District, ROGER F. A. TH EW , safely engineer, Sleep Rock Iron Mines Ltd., Sleep Rock, Ontario, Canada; Quebec District, J. E. BERRIDGE Quebec Asbestos Mining Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Eastern Canodt District, JO H N ABBISS, Buchans Mining company, Buchans, Newfoundland, Canada; Western Canada District, IVAN H. SLOANE, director of safety division, Miaul Association of B. C. Vancouver, B. C. 0? f ^ WARREN (Cl,air,.an). A naem ia c.. , Butte, Mont.; ED. LEONARD, Inlaml Steel co., I>1,laming, Mich.; DONALD S. KINGERY, Mine Ventilation Section, U. S. flurehu of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. dembersat-Largr--*R. F. W ILSON, Oliver Iron Mining div., U. S. Steel corp., Dnliitli, Minn.; *JOE T. WILLIAMS, Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining and Concentration company, Kellogg, Idaho; ' GEORGE GEDGE, Phelps Dodge corp.. Copper Queen Branch, Bisbee, A ria.; ' OSCAR A. GLAESER, U. S. Smelting, Refining and Mining co.. Salt Lake City, Utah; *A. J. STROM QUIST, Cleveland Cliffs Iron co., Islipcniiug, Mich.; ' CLIFFORD GIBSON. Mines Accident Prevention Association of Ontario. Timmins, Ontario, Canada; 'GEORGE GERRY, l 'ickands Mather Sr co., Iroiiwnod, J Mich. ; *R. F. W ILSON, Oliver Iron Mining Division, U. S. Steel corp.. Duluth, Minn. Reprerenlu/ioe-CLINTON II. IIO C II, National Safely Council. Chicago. III. `Put General Chairman Entertainment Committee Chairman--J. T. RYAN, JR., Mine Safety Appliances co, ; Pittsburgh, Pa. . Engineering Committee--J. M. SM ITH (Chairman), Asbestos Corporation Ltd., Thetfoid Mines. Quebec, Canada; JO HN B. BIKER, Consolidated Mining & Smelting co. Ltd. of Canada, Trail, British Columbia, Canada; DALE J. BROWN, Nevada Mines dirition. Krnnecott Copper corp., Magill, Ncv.; GEORGE A. BORGESON, M. A. Hanna co., Hibbing, Minn. M em bership C om m ittee--AL KOLU (Chairman), Pickands Mather Ik co., Duluth, Mina; W ALTER E. MONTGOMERY, Montreal, Quebec. Canada; CLIFFORD GIBSON, Mines Accident Prevention Association of Ontario, 1 immins, Ontario, Caiud*, ' EM M ETT K.OLSON, JR., Kennecott Copper Corp., Utah Copper Div., Salt Lake Gty. U tah; NEAL If. GEORGE, Quebec Metal Mines Accident Prevention Associate* Quebec, Canada. Program Committee--JOHN A. JO H N SO N (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines, Wkington, D. C.; A. W. NESS, American Smelting & Refining co. Salt Lake City, U : MAURICE LA FONTAINE, Department of Mines. Montreal, Quebec, Catndi; JO SE PH HALL, Reserve Mining company. Silver Bay, Minn. Poster and yisual Aids Committee--HERBERT A. W END EL (Chairman), The AnauuA company, bureau of safety. Butte. Mont.; A. W. NESS, American Smelting & company. Salt Lake City, Utah; A. J. STROMQUIST. Cleveland-Cliffs Iron co.1 * 1 perning. Mich.; M. C. M. POLLARD, National Gypsum c a Buffalo, N. Y.; J. M HARKINS. The Anaconda co., Butte. Montana; P. C. SIMMONS, P helps-D odge*! ^ h; 47 46 O FFIC ERS O F THE COM M ERCIAL VEH ICLE SECTIO N 11 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 General C L nrm n--F. S. LAKE, director of safety. Interstate Motor Freight System, I Grand Rapids, Mich. Vitr Chairman--KARL SCHULZE, senior safely engineer. Standard Oil co. of Califonus, Western Operations. Inc., San Francisco, Calif. Secretary--L. F. PURVES, superintendent, Toronto Star, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, Caaat Immediate Past General Chairman--K. N. BEADLE, director of safety, Pacific Intel mountain Express, Oakland, Calif Standing Commiltre Chairmen: Program--S. E. NELSON, *n|icrii)|cndctil of safely, llurlinglon Truck Lines, Inc, Gtlfl burg. III. Contest--J. A. DrPEW , director of safety and personnel. Dohrn Transfer co. Rock Ii III. Driver Award--N. J. BLEAU, safety director, Automobile Shippers, Inc, Detroit, Ilk IV f i l f t n . I I I It II F.N, (Ih i l Im* h ( I I %. .' iiilu iii i i Ii I m iim . l i M f l i i l.iiM *., I t . * Anirlrii, Culli. ; fl, 11. LOW D I'.N, pl.iiil K;ihl\ Mipri ni , l'iiitlii' Ti li |Immu* X Trlr \l*ph co., San Francisco, Calif.; 11. K. McKNTEIi, ctirr.il salvie' munuKcr, Denver Chicago Trucking,, co., I..n..c.., DeeMnivrevri. C.ouliou.; iR\. w0 . 01.SON, snaflcetly drliirreccrtlonr, Dan Dugan ;jsOaiflt:lt&&yy,, TTUllrriiaannnntgtsssrppbltyoof rrTtt rccuoor..,.k SSiLiii`oon--uuexxs, IF*1'aahtl\il,ss,.D-SSe..n vDDe raa.tket..:;'*WWF. .. (C*.. TTAAYv'*L O' R , I dirrcior, |>rronnrl mid (/mulhorrst:: \V. M. A lC lltR , employer relations U. S. trover* Inc., New York, N. Y .; N, K. A IKIN, director of iuln<<ri.if rcl;ihui<f Cuttimerctat Motor FrtiglU, Iik.# Columbus Ohio; C, D. CALKINS, lircctoi of safely, Pacific Motor Trucking co., i: San Francisco, C alif.; K. G. COX, cliief, scrlimi motor carrier safety. Interstate ; Commerce Commission, U C ; H. ). LMON/J, director, automotive safety, l:IArtwoiir amt co., Chicago, III.; W. T, GOWKNS. director, safety and personnel. Pilot Freight Carriers, luc., Winston-Salem, N, C .; H. K. Jl/\U IR O O K S, director, accident riprevention div., National Automobile Trausporlvrs Assn.,JDetroit, Mich.; A. L. HAUCK, [^director, aafety am! (white relations. Transportation Underwriters, Inc., Indianapolis, Ijfclmt; J. t \ HIGHTOW KR, director of transportation and safely The Greyliound Corp., ^Chicago, III.; II. IT HOSKA, director ol research. National Assn, of Motor Bus operators, Washington, D. C .; M, IL JUNSKN, vice president. Consolidated Frcight- rays, Inc., Indianapolis, ttul.; K. II. KKLLOGG, secretary. Milk Industry Foumlalion, Washington, I). C,; W. (#. M A CINTO SH, manager, rnginccrUig dept., H artford Arc- lent and Indemnity co.. New York, N. Y .; A. Iv. NKYItART, administrative head. The -Pennsylvania Slate University, University Park. I*a.; ll. N. PA I'ICH, safety consultant. American Gas Assn., New York, N. Y .; F. J. WIKKKN, director, safety and personnel, jnlcrstatc Iktkcrics Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Membership--J. W. JACOBSON, director, accident control div., F. J. Routed D m eaw jB ' ffr^rr-n-iifnfivi*: A L F IN C H , N atio n al S a fe ly Council, Chicago, III. co, Inc, Flint, Mich. Regional Chairmtn: Central--J. H. W A SP!, dirrclor of safety and driver personnel, Allied Van Lints, Iac^fi Broadview, III. V \ Eastern--B. A. RENNOLDS, safely director, Virginia Stage Lines. Inc, CharlotUsg vide, Va. Southern--W. L. FRIGON director of industrial relations. Hennis Freight Lines, Lug,, Winslon-Saltm. N. C. K 'r ilin --A. S. LOMBARDI, safely and personnel director. Western Truck Linea Los Angeles, Calif. I Memberi-allarge: Central: E. M. BARBER, director of safely and personnel, Scherer Freight Lines, Ik Ottawa, III.; J. L, CANTRELL, safety manager. Miller Brewing co , Milwaukee, Wit1 E. A, H ATFIELD, safety director. Coca Cola Bottling co, St. Louis, Mo.; R. I 1) MOSIMAN, director of safely and personnel, Riss & c o , Inc, Kansas City, Mo.; G. I I: ROSS, director of safety and compliance. Frozen Food Express, Dallas, Texas. j( Eastern: T. J. BIDDLE, administrator, motor vehicle safety, U. S. Post Office Dtjl Washington, D. C.; W. A. DUFFY, director of safety and personnel, The Darid* Transfer It Storage co, Baltimore, M d.; C. E. F.HRENBERGF.R, manager, operate dept. Standard Brands, Inc, New York, N. Y .; J. W. LUM PKIN, manager, sail Railway Express Agency, Inc, New York, N. Y .; G. L. SMITH, assistant vice dent. Motor Cargo, Inc, Akron, Ohio. Southern: W. W. CARTER, director, safety and personnel. Johnson Motor Lines, Charlotte, N. C.; If. R. GRANT. J R , safety director, Deaton Truck Lines, Bii ham. Ala.; J. E. REID, director of safety and personnel. Central Motor Lines, Charlotte, N. C .; K. J. STEVENS, transportation manager, Atlanta Newspaper, All? Ga.; If. T. WALTON, director, dept, of safely, McLean Trucking Wii Salem. N. C. 000307 1 5 V 'atftnot S o f t l y C o n ffrstj U o ' . I H t Otciifiilfimil IJrnUU A'lir.tiii/; Srthim iven to thi$. In maintaining a safe however, all three must be given importance. e asphyxia has become an increasing in our tr re complex industrial world, ore* us a'1 to do our utmost lo coni- bat it. As indust rial nurses you can do your part by learning more about the tiaurflfajfli your own plant, and then by being everl ready to act immediately. By applying your I knowledge and skills you may be able to re-1 store breathing and save human life-dh. t M jRmliied by lagal action. D u k l e working * conditions as contrasted lomj^tftnal legally |tllowable conditions have M h - f tvmalile aspects which pay off in the long run, both directly and indirectly. Now occupational disease must embrace many things: the pneumoconioses, the der- jmatoses and the many toxic exposures. The p '.hazard of uncontrolled exposure of lead NEW TRENDS IN >'fumes, benzol, carbon tetrachloride, berylr ^lium, cadmium, tricJilorethylcne, insecticides, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS by DR. H. GLENN GARDINER edical director, Indiana H arbor W orks, Inland S te el co .. East Chicago, Ind. and now more recently radioactive materials tave opened a new field for exploration. INDUSTRY FOLLOW ED LEGISLATION ,WIUi the coming of O.D. acts, people realized the need for promoting occupae inclusion of the words "trends" and little known or rarely seen today: functional.,^ timal health programs In industry. The necessitate establishing a base from knowledge of fluid and electrolyte balance ';'1 ; existing units in city, county and state h to launch. early postoperative ambulation, internal fixa htalth departments were expanded--new de- > identify the subject matter, 1 avoid highly technical changes in the complex of chemistry generally and the atomic ty area particularly. The more technical rs of these special fields seldom couilie mine and few physicians. Yet, the id o( these developments is felt througlithc industry. tion materials (mclal alloys) used in bone surgery such as intramedullary pins and plates better tolerated by (lie tissues. Plastic and metal suture materials producing little or no tissue reaction are further examples of technical progress in traumatic surgery. Amphetamines and antihistamines have come into their own. - pirtments were established where none ex ited before. Large industry found it eeommic to seek tlieir help. Where the prob lem were great and the demand exceeded the existing facilities, some of the more feresighted industries developed their own programs. Large casualty insurance carriers rcs|>on- oing back to the beginning trends in ipalional licallh in 19.17 \vc wilt first (lis- WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAWS sille for (lie smaller industries pursued the course of enlightened preventive medicine the field of patient care, l ew impor- i medications used then are still in use r. Of course, the principles of good. n. basic surgical care have not changed, ue antiseptics today were then new and f lo prove themselves. Tetanus antitoxin widely user', but their problem of serum sets and various other potential allergic -nomena attendant to its use are still with today. Immunization of large groups with xler shot lollo*-ups was not yet praccd Secondly, 1937 was the year of legal awareness of occupational disease. For the first time industry and the business firms concerned with Workmen's Compensation were forced to lake cognizance of liability for certain occupational diseases. The big bad monster was silicosis. How well I remember the fear and consternation in Industry and Casualty' Insurance Car riers of Workmen's Compensation when leg islation enforced these responsibilities. So little was known about the disease at that beyond the field of simple mechanical prin ciples of safety. Other allied groups, dedi cated to saving life and limb crea'ted or ex panded such programs, notably, the National Safety Council, the American Medical A s sociation and the Industrial Hygiene Foun dation. Pre-employment physical .examina tions, including chest x-rays, were ',desirable in most industries and a must in others. Selective placement became a reality to em ploy certain people without liability risks lo employers. None of our present battery of clicrnorrapeutic and antibiotics were then availle. There were such things as antitoxins, cific antisera, vaccines of general and -fic types, the mysterious bacteriophages time. The widespread industrial exposure to free silica was fantastic. Some people predicted total bankruptcy for industry and the allied insurance people. Time and rea son have taken the place of (car. Occupational health was influenced by the eflects of World W ar II. Even before the United Stales became an active participant, industry moved into high gear productionvise. The resultant attendant hazards were al immunogens being used with hope, but e effectiveness never approached the S lic es we now routinely anticipate with our edicines. Many adjuncts of yesteryear are little red or unknown * v. Similarly, the dis- >es they were lated to control are Silicosis is known, but completely con trollable in our modern mdusiiy by better housekeeping, improved handling techniques, substitution of safer, yet suitable materials and where necessary, the use of personal protective equipment. Management has been compelled to change its attitude or be pe- apparent and often resulted from constant demands for increasing quality, as welt as quantity. With active war declared, gov ernmental agencies were concerned both di rectly and indirectly in all plants handling war or defense contracts. Their concern was not limited to sabotage sir- but included development of new products and proceeds. Industry produced large quantities of liigh quality products both old and l(tvr?7til<l as expeditiously as possible with dpe regard to health and safely of the people nroducing. With the wartime economy, programs previously considered too expensive suddenly began. The cost plus war contracts i allowed the introduction of tilings long wanted ami considered worth while. In the health field particularly these programs wer# favored. W AR EXPANDED INDUSTRK SAFETK With (lie O .b . acts and World W ar It. occupational health came of age and gath ered momentum. The unprecedented pmt war prosperity has been a potent factor. The creation of new groups and expansion of old groups represented physicians, nurses, hygienists, dentists and physicians. A board of occupational health as a subspccially of preventive medicine with public health and aviation medicine has come into being. Spe cial training at postgraduate level is now available in a number of medical schools for special degrees certifying training and pro ficiency in tliis field. Competition exists between the various or ganizations representing the interests of the professional people hut it is a healthy, coo|>erative competition, adding to the accom plishments of each other and the ultimate goals of ail. In the field of occupational health, safety and health are inseparable. Industry has learned that it is economic lo give formal attention'to matters pertaining to health and 'safety. Large industries provide their own, small industries buy from or though insur ance carriers or groups providing medical, dental, nursing, hygiene, engineering or other applicable services. More professional peo ple aref devoting part or all their time to problems related to occupational health than ever before. Permanent Impairment, time lost from work and tliei mortality and morbidity of occupational oHgin is at an all time low per unit produced. fOur old problems are largely controlled, andlnew problems anticipated and minimized. Thjose escaping temporarily arc soon identified, classified and dealt with. More and more the expert is called during the planning stfige. By this means the recog nizable hazard in the new product or process , 15 ) V i 957 National Safety Congress is considered and often with great economic advantage. The delay in marketing a prod uct after discovering an unsafe process can be disastrous. Materials or procedures can be altered when anticipating a toxic hazard of intolerable scope will occur. CONTROL ENVIRONMENT FOR HEALTH Environmental controls by the engineering and occupational hygiene approach in the better organized plants give attention to minute details. Not only hazards, but mil* satice problems receive attention. Dust, gas, smoke, fumes and vapors which may be a community, as well as a plant problem, are seen. The very presence of these things in some manufacturing processes may indicate an inefficient or uneconomic operation, and correction would serve a multiple benefit. Also, under this general program are food available to workers, its preparation, han dling and disposition in a safe, clean, ap petizing manner, a place to cat, and garbage and sewage disposal in a safe and acceptable fashion. Water pollution is often a greater prob lem than air pollution. The sportsman and the nature conservationist, backed up by laws, keep us alert to the dangers and dam ages of polluting lakes and streams. Sani tary facilities, bath water, drinking water, salinited as a convenience tf general plant area is hot and pest control, should not be overlooked in the 'area of environmental control. vThe rapid developments hr chemistry and physics are almost beyond comprehension. Competition brings almost a daily announce ment of an improved product, something that will do more for less and easier. With this comes the problems of employees* dan ger in toxicity of products, its basic com ponent! it! by-products, its production tech niques, and also the hazard to the community, the ultimate consumer, the consumer's neigh bor and customers. Here we are talking about the present day inscclcides, the sol vents, i.e., hydrocarbon derivatives such as in the rubber and synthetic rubber industry, and the radioactive materials. Uciger count ers are now as commonplace to the hy gienists as was the impingcr a few years ago. h* pre-employment physical examina- fioi ' being carried out. Fewer injuries per produced arc encountered. E ith er u. treatment and new techniques with present medications hastens heating*-with less pro duction time loss and less permanent im pairment residual. Union Health Centers are daily assuming a more Important role in the health matters of the worker. Ills family and the community. F ar more nurses are employed in indus-i try and their presence and proper functions are better understood and supported by man-; agement. The need for their collaboration with the physician responsible for the plant) health program is soundly established, bull not practiced as closely as desired in manp instances. h EDUCATION AIDS O .D .- With the advent of visual aids in tra&J ing and safety programs, we have the most advanced media for health education pur-; poses, for on-the-job and ofl-tlic-job actiw ; ties. These messages relate not only to lb i employee, but the various members of hit ' family. Perhaps more familiar are the health messages presented through payrol: envelope inserts, bulletin hoard and varioes piagazincs, newspaper and other media. 11 1 trend is increasing utilization of servient through effective application of expert knowledge in a broadening and growing fieM of specialization. TWENTV yEARS INCREASED PROBLEMS A re all of our problems solved? Not If a tong way. Automation and industrial re ; search and progress generally will see tful ! this docs not occur. The effects and after* < upon emotions and morale may create prob ' lems not easily solved. This lias incrcasd the need for nurses, psychologists, physician and other specially trained personnel. Tbt newer drugs termed "tranquilizers" haw proven helpful when used judiciously. Now 20 years after the O.D. furor ol I9J7 are we facing a problem of similaf size and similar concern? Strangely aid coincidentally wc arc. Noise and occupa tional deafness right now is a very majot concern of many industries, businesses ant casualty insurance companies, similar to tlx near-panic from the early version of silicosis Recently wc learned a great deal abom noise and its harmful effects on human hear ing. There is still a great deal to h ''anted * Some of the early hysteria is aba ! 00031)1) OceuPajAttujI H ea lth N u t S , . h-t resentatives of joint Jjftjhit'tees of medical ipecialisfs and others icRffeleasine conclu sions on the basis of kitowlrtlgt for guidance. We can not yet say with reasonable certainly some of the tilings that must be said and sustained before legisla tion amends the WoiWinen's Compensation ILaws. I Workmen's Compensation is a means of providing a cost of living during periods of disability due to occupational illness or jnjury and to offset the loss of future taming capacity (based on past experience if the individual) of a person permanently inpaired by occupational illness or injury. Some states still provide little or no remedy inder the law for the employee, and there is a great disparity between benefits provHcd in tlie states. Due to the lag in our legislative system, no state provides ade quately and probably never will unless a nre practical, flexible, realistic, applicable formula is legislated to follow the conshntly changing cost of living. Amendments to Workmen's Coinpcnnalicn acts in recent years have done little lo improve the situation. In addition, the interpretation of the existing acts by |>olilically qualified, but otherwise unqualified representatives, have led lo widespread abuses which embrace the creeping socialism l S') despised ihlprinciple by many of u There is no*' A>ubt (lint lltcrc nre m.tm people disefsrtnp of help from pttMie fml<. yet this scarcely constitutes reason lor call fyg upon Workmen* Compensation hrnrfii. aft the immediate expense of m<!tiiiy !* pay compensation for conditions not evtti remotely related to the man's jot, simply because there is presently no other place syhercin money can be made available to him. Industry has been ami continues to he the whipping boy of our inadequate social system as it exists today in the legal sense. We must say something to discourage complacency carelessness and the imfiscrim' iuate use of wonder drugs, including tetanus antitoxin, the sulfas, pemcillm and its de rivatives and aff the other chemical nod antibiotic preparations. They arc hvo-edgrd swords. There arc definite indications for their use and definite contra-indications, ami also a broad area of uncertainty where tr<xwl judgment and experience must lc died n To date wc have nn rrnstn:dh' vuhtintU* for experience. The * .* lhr<r drill* i rprrh'-M*Mv ap|M *.vl*c\ H i m ' .! 1 ! hap, scii'iitMt\, r i - . - I!'-''. ' i be taken lightly. As .* rule h Imii m ' \ don't. Make your mistakes on the vtiV sidc.<4k. SOME CURRENT ASPECTS OF MEDICAL QUACKERY by OLIVER FIELD director, Bureau of Investigation, Am erican M edical Assn., Chicago In discussing the subject of "Some Current Aspects of Medical Quackery," it is perhaps advisable lo consider the present status of pretension to medical skill in the light of what has gone before, particularly during tire past lial f-century. The Bureau of Investigation has been functioning for niorc than 50 years as a clearing-house of iuformalion on mailers in this category. The Bureau was started as a department of the Journal o f (he American Medical Association, partly be cause of ibe real of the young physician who. soon alter graduation from medical school, came lo work as an rdilorial as sistant. Bui his own personal experience caused him lo begin a crusade of exposure of the evils of quackery and the venality of a large segment of the "patent medicine" industry. . f At almut the time this physician arrived an an employee of (lie American Medical Association, the Congress passed the fir-t I1'n c Food and Drugs Act. The examphx |fiat we have of "cures" and products and their labeling in ll "'ays illustrate the 1957 NaU*,,ust S o f t l y C o n g re s s changes that have come about, particularly by the passage of the 19J8 Federal Food. Drug and Cosmetic Act. NO INFORMATION SOURCE Before the passage of that Act, which, among other things, requires the revelation of (he active ingredients on the retail label, there was no source except perhaps the Bureau of Investigation to furnish the medi cal profession and (he public (he informa tion. Boohs, pamphlets, and reports in the Journal itself constituted (he media whereby Dr. Arthur Cramp did his very effective worlc Before the discovery of insulin by Banting and Best of Toronto, there were a good many diabetic quacks. Their principal prod ucts were diuretics. Their claims were broad, their performance woefully inade quate. 0 0 0 `UH) thm CERS O F THE any value in hny disease category, his ressort, the Christian M ljlw l Restali League of Detroit, continue fo tell Th oxylide" for $25.00 for > 2 a . amyl O C C U P A TIO N A L^ I^ TH NURSING^ G. mlyjuo--xayjhli-udce >iss lapb. e. tl.e.od tfo be > one l(tilt{ trillion aqueous dilution of several alkfi ingredients. I t is not a t all surprising k NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 no chemist has been able to find anytia hi in the ampule but wafer. ] In other fields llie quack capitalizes t <mtud t. .h. e waduvvwannvcte-MmlUenS Mts Vof| science. We have, ft 5treator III. example, (lie products slleged to be n h l M A ~PA8KUNA R. Ct. Tf .......:........l*v j active, which originated In die United S t j u[ire Chowwsors--DOROTHY ARMSTRONG, R .N , People, Gas. Light & Coke Co, at least, in the mid 1920's. These were i l l Chicago, III. na.os rerajudvioean,cattiovristy. a.nwd.ha"tcsuoreev-earl,ls."OllSieorms ewMB < t __ Chosrmaw ,, tf ,, M , ... fholm an P BARBARA BOREN. U .N , Ansut Chemical t ! n t t n w r n n 1 w ,, . I ! ________ W's ' T ,,e C o, Marinette. W is. application is the uranium-mine promotio " I In* has had (tie benefit o( publicity a Uhnbership Commit/**: MARY E. BLANEY, R.N., Oiaim in l'aper I'roducts Co., Green scveral" oiher*slaies^0n<ana' Ca,lform*- * Wi*-i MRS. H AZEL LEEDKE. R N ,, Thilmany Pulp f t l'aper Co.. Kai*aima. Today, however, it is in the field of cancer that the particular interest of both the public and the medical profession lies. In a period of 10 months we counted, in a little more than 4.000 inquiries, more than 1,000 on the subject of cancer "cures" and treatments. The example that we have here, particu larly the Hoxsey cancer treatment, and ex amples of the methods ol promotion, make it evident that over the years the quack has learned by experience that he is ever so much more effective when he hides behind religion and when he sells the public on the claim that he is a martyr to medical perse cution. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HELPS The federal government, in the agency of the Food and Drug Administration, lias ought for several years lo stop not only Mr. Hoxtcy, but others, one of whom is particularly known in Vancouver, namely Dr. William P. Koch, who began his pro motion from Detroit in 1919. Although Dr. Koch has been ordered by the Federal Trade Commission to cease ad vertising that any of his preparations lias The same is true o f the radio. Wh M * radio became popular in (he 1920's, a Q f t "** E*tUr Editor--DOROTHY FUNK, R.N., Falls l'aper Co-, Oconto Falls, Wis, nouK efidt^-E R Tttgram Committee: H A PPY BRUDER R.N.. (Chairman), Saks Fifth Ave, Chicago, of Abrams-claiming t l X T o M d T * E L E N MERCER. R.N., Dodge Mfg. Corp, Mishawaka, ind.; PAU LIN E from a drop of the blood, and th a T \ .M ILLER R N .. Fairbanks Morse Co, Beloit. W is.; MRS. JO S E P H IN E JOINER, disease had "vibratory" rates. Abrams h * R.N , Southern Bell Telephone it Telegraph C o, Miami, Fla. mhraancytoriminitaLtoorss,Aanmgeolnegs nwahmoemd Rwuatsh aDrrlouu, Commil," : MRS. M URIEL K NU PKE. R .N , National Biscuit C o, Chicago, Dr. Drown claimed, also, that she coi t UL; MRS. R U TH MCCARTHY, R .N , National Broadcasting Company, Chicago, III; diagnose from a drop of the blood. I l JOANNA ANDERSON, R N , Blue Cross-Blue Sl.ic'd, Chicago, III. tatted miserably when put to a test befo ' a committee of scientists at the Universl ^sminaling Committee: MRS. MAREN STANLEY. R.N. (Chairman), Union Carbide of Chicago. ' Corporation. Chicago. 111.; ERNA M A Y R E R R .N , . I. du Pont de Nemours ft Co, There are many other categories in whii j Antioch, C alif.; MRS. JOAN TIM K E, R N , American Medical A ssn, Chicago, III.; 0 0 T 3Ck fl uri5,, 7 ' " .!' field of redu , MRS. H AZEL LEEDKE. R N , Thllman Pulp ft Paper C o, Kaukauna. Wis curefs, rrcerjaurvaefntoantos.rs,arththeristpiesciaanl ddierthaeruymfaotoictll rimai A ids Committee: MRS. V IRGNIA W H ALEN. R.N. (Chairman). Liberty Mu and the cure-all gadgets. It was VoltaiJ tual Insurance C o, Chicago, III.; MARGARET CARN INE, R .N , Traihnobilc Inc, who said that the quack was born when IW Cincinnati, Ohio; MRS. FRANCES COLWELL, R .N , Eastern Airlines, Miami, Fla.; first knave met the first fool. The Bureali MRS. MILDRED MOORE, R .N , Bur. of Nursing, III. D ept of Health, Chicago. III. of Investigation has never accepted that y an adequate definition, feeling that if thr. Of-the-Job Committee : VERNA PASKUN, R N . (Chairman), Owens-Illinois Glass person had some knowledge, it would bl: Container D iv, Streator, II I; H EL E N REISCH LM R .N , Employers Mutuals of more difficult for the quack to fool him That is the premise upon which the flureat Wausau, Wausau, Wis. lias operated, and hopes to operate in tin Medical Advisor lo the Section--A RTH UR K. I 'ETEItSO N , M .D , Medical Director, (ulure. * R R. Donnelly ft Sons Co., Chicago, III. | `Staff Representative--J ANE S. W EIR, U .N , National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Jfuree Advisors to the Srrlioii--JOANN A JO HN SON , U .N , MRS. H AZEL LEF.OKE, R N .; ` MRS. JOAN TIM K R R.N.; ERNA MARKER, R.N.; MRS. MAREN STANLEY, R.N. ; *MRS. BERN ARD INE B A R H O R tq 18 General Chairman I ) JM Notional Softly Congress * ition of (he necessity to ttmlyte more mpletely f Doe* Out mean that employees don't take i*cific clton because they don't analyze loperly or because their evaluation of the atard leads them to believe that nothing <iudi serious can happen to them or be aut they think they might be censured or being too cautious or taking too long o do a job? These are some of the questions for which re are now seeking some answers. We -Jon't have them yet, but we are working on them. 000-101 In conclusion, we feel that our serio A rriv-C D C n t TLIC injur, index is a step forw ardm , prevention activities. It has helped us rr our sights on the gdal of preventing inju rather, than solely on the prevention of I PETROLEUM SECHI of time from work. It may not be t ultimate solution to the injury prevent! NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL .1957-58 problem, but it is a step in the right din tion. In addition, the use of the Operatic. Research group adding its time, efforts * neral CAairman--PARKER C. FO LSE, safety dept., Socony Mobil Oil co., Inc.. New talents to the safety problem has been pi (York, N. Y. ductive and wilt be more so in the lutu C hairm an-'N U . F . BURRIS. Phillip* Petroleum co.. Bartlesville, Okla. lerrtory--F. C. W ILSON, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N. Y. Shf Representative--L. C. SM ITH , National Safety Council,' Chicago, III. j Kie-CfcmVmcm fo r Production and Drilling--S. ROSS CARR. Gulf Oil corp., Houston, ' Tex. OFF-THE-JOB ACCIDENTS Statistics re *uch boresome thing* And figures rather dull. it's hundreds, millions, billions, trillions, 0er which we mull. But facts are facts where 'er we go Regardless of amounts. So here's some facts on accidents, And that's what really counts. It's carelessness in little things At home and on the street Neglect in moving objects small Away from running (cet. A makeshift ladder, sliding rugs, Electric cords that spark A disregard for cellar stairs And stumbling in the dark. Vict-Choirman fo r Marketing--GEORGE B. BLACK, Sun Oil co., Philadelphia, Pa. Vice-Chairman fo r Pipe Lines--A. L. GARNER, Gulf Oil f|i.t flouslon, Tex. Vice-Chairman fo r Exploration--A. ROSS ROMMKL, Humble OH ft Refining co., Houston, Tex. pirt-Ckiirwflrt fo r Manufacturing--G. J. GERHARZ, The Pure Tit co., I.einont, 111. \vitc-Chairman Off-The-Job Safety--L E E F. DOUGAN, Sinclair Oil & Gas co., Tulsa, OkU. kirmun Atlantic Division--A. J. BALDW IN, Ethyl corp., New York, N. Y. ftuwman MiJ Continent Division--II. P. BRADLEY, Service Pile Line co., Tiitsa, Okla. an Gutf Coast Division--Q UINCY V. TUM A, The Texas co., Houston, Tx. It isn't always big machines With blades of sharpened steel That rob a man of arm or leg And make hit senses reel. Nor Is It always "on the Job" Most accidents lake place. But just the opposite is true And figures prove our case. Crossing where no crossings are While looking at the sky, Driving on a slippery road With milestones w hining by. These are the things that take a toll We all should f r o w n i i | k >i i So walch for then when off the job. As well as when you're on. .jf khmw Great Lakes Division--A. E. JO H N SO N , safety director, Illinois Farm Supply. ^ Chicago, III. kinwn Pacific Coast Division, M. T . HAM ILTON, General Petroleum corp., Los Angeles, Cattf. i* karman Engineering Committee--II. I*\ W A TTERS, Pan American Petroleum corp., Oklahoma City, Okla, 1irman Puiw / A ills Committee--R. D EIIERLY, Simularti Oil to. (Indiana), Chicago, 111. m Contest and Statistics ('ommittce--JO HN Inc., East Chicago, Imi. Ihih'ObJ, Socony Mobil Gil co.. Humble Pipe Line Company, Houston, Te^ irman Health Committee--DR. B. B. REEVE, Standard Oiilj co. (indiana), Chicago, IB. nletter Editor--HARRY BRITT, The Atlantic Refining co., i'ort Arthur, Tex. that Newsletter Editor--G. F. STED N ITZ, Universal Polvchcni Mfg. Division of IAW*'-'al Oil Products co., McCook", III. > 1957 ft ) , S a fety Congress V Research and /Advisory Committee--*C. l i L IN D IliR G (Q u im a n )i' co. Independence, Kan.; ' FUEl) CLAIUORNE, Pan Amene Tulla, Okla.; *). H. McKENZIE, Socony Mobil Oil co.. New* DcLAUNE, Cities Service Refining corp., Lake Charles, La.; *WAL` Oil co., Marcus Hook, Pa.; *C. D. ATTA WAY, chief safety < ical corp.. Marshall, Tex.; *W. O. W ILSON, Standard Oil cot.d( FARRELL, Shell Pipe Line corp.; *D. A. KLEMME, Pan American *W. I. KENT. Magnolia Petroleum co.: *J. HOW ARD M YERS,' ing co.; ` J. L. RISINGER, Socony Mobil Oil co., Inc.; *H. T. M Petroleum co.; *F. R. McLEAN, White Star div., Socony Mobil Oil MILLER, The Texas co.; *C. J. NOUF.MANN. Shell Oil co.; *J. R . Water Associated OH co.; *11. W. UOGGESS. Sinclair Prairie DREELAND. Lone Star Gas co.; *IL U. ROAPER, Humble Oil ` GERALD O. LOCKWOOD, Continental Casualty co.; ` GEORGE?; consultant; *E. J. S ENNE (Retired). ,r Past General Chairmen ltV V' so ) i I I I % ; ) :ers o f t h e (RINTING A N D PUBLISHING SECTIO N NATIONAL SAFETY COUNClI. 1957-58 | Chairman--WALTKK K. SM ITH , manager, employee aclivilics and fairly , R. R dley It Sons co., Chicago, 111. Chairman--KtCNNKTII Y. UMMKKGKK, |>crsoimvl manager, Kingsport I'rrs*. [Kingsport, Tenn. 1 li fP itt Chairman--I'A UL L. O`NI.H.1., |>ersniincl an^l safety director, Rami Me- l i a r , Hatnmoml, Iml. | -IM N H. O tiO T H A U S, safety tlireclor, Mct .il/ t'urp.. Hay Ion, Ohio. Editor--GORDON II. UOSHKRG, safety director, Richter M etall X t o., III. Nru'slrtlrr Editor--KARL SIM PSON , JR., director of safriy and industrial ns, holding Paper Uox Assn., Chicago. III. Vrogram Chairman--CIIARLKS SHAPIRO, managet, educational d c|'l. I.idio tic Technical h'oumlation, Inc., New York, N .Y. *tti ^ :j 000403 ,. \ br. '\ vj 19)} . l / S s /tly C o n g rM are Co work, in company witli Clicir fore man, who would point out the safe and efficient way lo do the job. The foregoing orientation and aafety education program ia obviously not sug gested for boomers o r drifters who will hit the road with their first paycheck. Rather it is intended for the "home guards" who can be expected to stay on the job tong enough to justify the time and money expended on them, ft would be followed up at intervals with evening safely education sessions, using audio visual aids. Since the average 20 to 24 minute film leaches more fessons than can be ab sorbed, combining the running and re running of short sections of a training film with the discussion-conference tech nique. is advocated. As an exampie, the Rarig Motion Picture Company of Sat reproduces the sound-color film "Haft Logs" which they mShtidM 1the Mi Columbia, Pacific Northwest and wood Loggers Associations, in s is |t minute sections. They publish fila^j of questions and answers for each i and a "Conference Leaders' Maao accompany the films. The small operation, or the 1 which new men come singly, ptrn* more of a problem. However the n s jt jectives of orientation and aafety <~ tion, accomplished by individual aion, rather than group sessions, ,|| improve labor relations and woods safety. This is only a prtltn lo the most important on-the-job if training under a aafety-mlnded visor.A -h Jod-1 a ' 0 i ) FICERS OF THE it \ * PULP AND PAPER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 fan: si oral Chairman--EARL F. RIPSTRA , personnel manager. Container Corp. of America, & V 0 . ill. f . . aCtnrMM and 1`rograin Chairman--R. G. BELKNAP, personnel manager, Heinis llr<*. Cm, East Pepiierell, Mass. toiler Editor--GEORGE R. MEKHIMAN, o fc ly roi>r<lm:ttor, tiilernalioinl Pa|rr ^ Southern Kraft Oiv., Mobile, Ala. j and Membership Chuirman--\), V, IIII-I-, saftiy limlor, Tin* Mrail CW|*., { iOpfsport l>iv., KIokm'*. Tcim. ONAl MEMBERSHIP REPRESENTATIVES Lahti--'A R T H U R CARLE, safely director, Tire Northwest I'aiur t o.. ('Impicl. lion.; East--*H. P. HEUBNER, insitrancc manager, Tire PTinlknle Co., New York, I.Y.; South--'D A LLA S E. HENRY, safety Coordinator, Siuilhnu Advancr Hag Iteration, Continental Can Co., Inc., Hodge, La.; Canada--'DO U G LA S H t'lfA N I. retary-enginccr, The Ontario I'tdp ft l 'a|>cr Makers' Safety A .mi. Tm . , (hit irfa; U iduvst--'FR A N C IS II. WAGNFiR, ilirrctor of a(in , 1 lie M ud to r p . licollie, Ohio; fPesf--ROBERT M. GILMORE. general safely sntervisor. Hay- Inc., Horpiianr, Wash. ' Advisor--DR. A. P. ASSELST1NK, medical director. Spruce Falls Power and r Co., Ltd., Kaptiskasing, Ont., Canada. Projttls Comm itltt: Chairman: GORDON B. LEM KIi, research engineer, Em i r Mutuals of Wausau. Wausau, Wi*.; LAM BERT I.OUY, safety director, Conr Corp. of America, Chicago, III.; 'A . E. MINOR, safely supervisor. The Onlariolanesola Pulp and Paper Co., Ltd., Kenora, Ont. Canada; D. L. EISENACH, safety inclor, Minnesota and Ontario Paper Co., International Falls, Minn.; RUSSELL KIELL, safety director. The Crossctt Co., Crosselt, Atlc.; ROSS K. SCOTT, assistant the secretary-engineer. The Ontario Pulp & Paper Makers' Safely Assn., Toronto. OM, Canada; FO RREST E. KIMMKLL, safety ts medical director, SnlhcrlaiHl Paper Ca, Kalamazoo, M idi.; HARRIS K. W ILLIAMS, assistant coordinator of safety, stherir Kraft Div., International Paper Co.; Pine Bluff, Ark. ComtniHtt: Chairman: A. SCOTT DOWU, president, Fritz Publications, Inc., kicago. III.; *J. FRED BERRY, general insurance manager, Alton Box Board Co.; lit.; 'H A R LE Y ll. GOODRICH, maintenance engineer, Stratlnnort Pa|itr Co., fat Springfield, Mass.; JAM ES N. CONAWAY, manager u l safety St plant protec ts Industrial Dept., Scott Paper Co., Chester, Pa.; "FRED 0 . SOUGHTON, serv- I safety supervisor, LongLac I'pip ft Paper Co.. I id.. Terrace Bay, Ont., Canada; ADAIR, coordinator of safely activities. Pacific Coast Assn, of Pulp and Paper ilacturers. Portland. Ore. j 61 I ) IFWOOD LOGGING DIVISION I vision Chairman: FRANKLIN LAUKAUEE, assistant director of personnel- Woe* lands, St. Regis Paper Co., Bucksport, Maine iblitalioit Commilltt: Chairman: T. C. DONNAN, safety supervisor. Spruce Fa| Power & Paper Co., Ltd., Woodlands, Kapuskasing. Ont., Canada; LEO ST. DENlj woods employment supervisor, Abitibi Power & Paper Co.. Ltd., Iroquois Falls, On Canada; EDWARD C. CORDON, stall forester, Louisiana Forestry Commission, Batr Rouge, La. ijmoI Aids Commilltt: Chairman: R. C. HAMMOND, safety engineer, Employers Mr tuais of Wausau. Dululli, Minn.; If. GORDON DARRETT, safetyf irni|>ecctor., Th Ontario Paper Co., Ltd., Tliorold, Out., Canada; CARL G. STRICKLLAANNDD,, assist wood procurement manager, Gaylord Container Corp., Die. of Crown ZZeellleerrbbach Con Dogalusa. La.; PAT REITEN, personnel manager, Simpson Logging Co>.,., Portland, Olj U l f MANUFACTURING DIVISION 'iw iirs Choirauou; HARRY j. HAHN, safely supervisor, Hammermill Paper Co., Eri Pa. 'nblicalion Commilltt: Chairman: W. 1). DALLINGER, safety coordinator, Brunswit Pulp It Paper Co, Brunswick, Ga. ; ROBERT W. W OOD, stall safety supervise Kimberly-Clark Corp, Neenah, W is.; JAM ES E. EM M ERICH, safety director. Mo inet Paper Mills Co.. Mosince, Wis. 'mal Aids Commilltt: Chairman: CHARLES R. HAGAN, safety manager, Oxtoi Paper Co., Rumford, Maine; OTTO WAGERS, safely supervisor. The Champks Paper and Fibre Co., Pasadena, Tex.; P H fL tP L. D AN DRIG E,'safety coordinai Sonoro Products Co, llartsville, S. C ; SAM BLACKWELL, safety supervisor,.Olj Mathiesen Chemical Corp, Forest Products Div, West Monroe, La. TAPER MANUFACTURING DIVISION Division Chairman: ROBERT J. CELL, stall assistant. Paper Mills Div, Eastman Kodtii Co, Kodak Park Works, Rochester, N. Y. j Publication C om m illtt: Chairman: MERLIN C. RACE, safety director, St. Regis Papq Co, New York, N. Y.; M. C. M. POLLARD, director of safety. National Gypsum Cm, Buffalo, N. Y .; A. E. TOPMILLEU, safety supervisor, Tire Champion Paper tof Fibre Co, Hamilton, Ohio; RALPH E. MYERS, safely supervisor, Chillicothe Div. The Mead Corp, Chillicothe. Ohio. ^' Piruol Aids Commilltt: Chairman: GEORGE A. LaIIU SEN , general safety supervisor 1 Crown Zellerbach Corp, Portland, Ore.; JA M ES M. PIN KSTO N, J R , personnel I safety supervisor, Crossett Paper Mills, Crossett, A rk.; H ARRISON J. DAYSRj | secretary. Industrial Relations Committee. American Paper and Pulp A ssn, New York^, N. Y.; FRANK C. HARMON, employment manager. Hollingsworth & Vose Co, Wol , Groton, Mast. i i J FAfER CONVERTING DIVISION Ditsion Choir V. P. COULON, safety director. The Scalright Co, Inc, Fulton, N. Y. Bf Monufoi...nng Committee: Chairman: HAROLD HEW ITT, assistant licrsoiincl manager, Ucinis JJro. Hag Cu., Peoria, III.: JOHN T. WAItKEN, director o( training, St. Regis Paper Co., Pensacola, P la.; CHARLES II. MASON, safety & training director, Robert Gair Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; TO X IE R. TRIM, safety director, ?. {Gaylord Container Corp., Oiv. of Crown Zcllerbach Corp.; Uogalnsa, La.; ALBERTO CHIPCO, safety director, W. R. Grace & Co., Lima, Peru, S. A. Bx Afanii/acdirinp Committer: Chairman: CARL J. LAMBERTH, personnel manager & i* iSafety supervisor, Container Corp. of America, ChattanoAga, Term.; DR. KARL F. 'SIM PSO N , JR., director of industrial relations ti safely, J'olding Paper Box Assn, of 4America, Chicago, III.; JACK WALL, personnel manager. Grand Rapids Mills and J Folding Box Plant, American Box Board Co., Grand Rapids, M idi.; HENRY KVINI.ITUS, safely director, Cornell Paperboard I'rodmis Co, Milwaukee, Wis. Kafing Manufacturing Committee: Chairman: H. R. MESLER, JR., safety director. The jjRuberoid Co, New York, N. Y .; R. J. PRESTON, safety supervisor, The Philip Carey Manufacturing Co., Lockland, Cincinnati, Ohio; FRED INGHAM, assistant 'insurance manager. The Flinlkote C o, New York, N. Y. y . ' . | g/nfoiio* Manufacturing Committee: Chairman: IIUDWIN J. LEE. safety director, .Wood Conversion C o, Clorpiet, Minn.; AMOS S. KEEN, manager of safety, Pcr- tsonnel Administration Dept, Armstrong Cork C o, Lancaster, Pa.; M. F. MATTSON, 'safety supervisor, Insulite D iv, Minnesota and Ontario Paper Co, International balls, Minn. [Specialties Manufacturing Committee: Chairman: HAROLD E. TEBO, personnel supervisor, Baryla D iv, Kodak Park Works, Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, N. Y.; JACK HARTLEROAD, safely director, The KVP Co, Kalamazoo, Mich.; W ILLIAM A. STRACHAN, plant manager, Fihreboard Paper Products Corp, San Francisco, Calif. JOfMHE-JOD SAFETY DIVISION *Division Chairman: L EO M. SHAW , manager, C & C Plant Services, Carton and Con tainer D iv, General Foods Corp, Battle Creek, M.cli,; ` KENNETH L. KAIST, coordinator of employment and safety. The Champion Paper and Fibre Co, Hamilton. Ohio; CARL W. B EH N KE, district engineer, H artl >rd Accident and Indemnity Co, Grand Rapids, Mich. jilSjf Representative--ROBERT CURRIE, National Safely Council, Chicago, IIL `Put General Chairman. 0C(M0 (0 ) lahtmal Softly Congrttt i terminal is at Meadville, Pa., where chairman of the division superin<' safety committee. (All such activthe railroad comes within the jurisi of our superintendent of safety), are 400 employees in 16 sub-departtliat are contacted each month at lions where they can be readily as&. The committee it made up of the -partmental heads of the local opera- PROGRAM SET-UP chairman sets dates for meetings and i the members, as well as sends no lo all departments for bulletin board f . The notices carry the time for the ga and the subject matter to be coni. Diversified material is used; howonly one subject it taken up each I -- iew of preceding year's safety posters, rcking on safety rule books and their sage. per clothing and health protection, nksgiving. Christmas, New Years, or ny special holiday can provide suitable pica for safety talkr, as well as the 'casunt of the year, vacation, school opening, etc. >ce a year a motion picture on safety it shown and the following month a discussion on the film creates interest, cry possible angle that can be used rep a last-moving, 20-minute, safely ng on the chosen subject is employed 'ale human interest, ear the close of each sub-departmental >ing. a short discussion period is held s status report on items brought forI from preceding month's meetings, lilional items requiring attention are ited and only aafety items that cannot immediate correction are considered for the summary report given to the division superintendent. Handling in this m i list of items is kept to a minimum__ -- dude those requiring further study and in a few instances require appropriations which must be approved before corrections can be made. DIVIOED INTO GROUPS The functioning of the committee is aim- 1 pie. Ordinarily there are 12 members who I make the rounds and this number is di-.* aided into three groups of four members ' each, referred to as Groups A, B, and C i All members present themselves at the first 1 location. Immediately with the start of this ' meeting, or the subsequent meetings. Group'1 A moves forward to the next location to,| assemble employees and introduce any pre- j liminary feature or arrangement in anticipa- | lion of Group B. j The talk or message is handled by Group ; B as are the discussion periods. Instances where more time is required than the sched uled 20 minutes. Group C slays on to dear up safety items that become involved during the discussion period. The success of the meetings depends greatly on a functional and well-balanced schedule, and the divid ing-up of the Committee into the three groups has been very effective. The primary objective of lire work of this committee is to encourage employees to actively participate in tire safety program to correct the causes of accidents, and help correct unsafe practices and conditions re gardless of department which becomes in volved. In this safety promotional work, maintenance of equipment and stores opera tions are so involved with the safety of every department that it Is felt greater bene fits are obtained through a committee repre senting all operations. Possibly this pro cedure would be of value at other railroad lrrjnjnals.dk. fFICERS uF THE RAILROAD SECTION NA1ONAL SAFETY COUNCIL^ 1957-58 I Chairman--J. LLOYD, Jersey Central Line, Jersey City, N. J. I Chairman--L. C. HAHNEY, Elgin, Joliet fit Eastern Railvfay co., Joliet, III. jvlory and N ew t Latter Editor--F. C. LEW IS, The Pullman co., Chicago, III. Ia N tw t Letter Editori: Southeast--H. C DAULTON, The Louisville tc Nashville Railroad co, Louisville, Ky. JVeti--P. H. JE N N E R , The Western Pacific R.R.co, San Francisco, Calif. Outrai--J. E. SLAVEN, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R. co, Chicago, III. Easl--J, L. BABCOCK, Bangor & Aroostook R. R. co. Bancor, Maine I n l l u n l --G. It. KNIGHT, St. Louis Southwestern Railway Lines, Tyler, Texas jCanada--J. G. UELDHAM, Toronto, Hamilton & Rullalo Ry. co, Hamilton, Ontario elation Liaison Committee--W. c l LARA WAY (Chairman), The Delaware fit Hudson R. R. corp , Albany, N. Y .; A. V. ROHW EDl'.R (Vice Chairman), The Duluth, Uissabe fit Iron Range Ry. co, Duluth, Minn.; G. W. KI.STE, The Baltimore (It Ohio R. R. co, Baltimore, Md.; G. C. STKOMSOE, Atlantic Coast R. R. co , Wilmington, i N. C ; J. R. THEX TO N, The Delaware, Lackawanna fir Western Railroad co, Hoboken, *N. J.; D. E. MUMFORD, New York Central System, New York, N. Y. lest and Statistical Committee--D. P. RUSSELL (C hairm an', The Canadian Pacific Ry, Montreal, Quebec: J. P. KOLOC (Vice Chairman). P'inois Central Railroad, Chicago, 111.; 1), W. NAFF', The Norfolk and Western Ry. n>, Roanoke, Va.; F. REYNOLDS, Boston & Maine Railroad co , Boston, Mass.; W. C. LARA WAY, The i Delaware and Hudson R. R. corp, Albany, N. Y. ; J. L. BABCOCK, The Bangor and i Arooslock R.R. co, Bangor, Me.; O. W. SM ITH, Grand Trunk Western R. R. co, .; Detroit, Mich.; C. A. BIRCE, Missouri-Kansas-Tcxas Lines, Dallas, Tex. sin and Sound Committee--R. S. JAM ES (Chairman), Denver fit Rio Grande Western ' R. R. co, Denver, Colo. ; E. H. BLEW ER (Vice Chairman), New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; H. CONNOR. The Baltimore tc Ohio R. R. co, Pittsburgh, Pa.; f B. A. GRUBBS, The Norfolk fit Western Ry. co, Roanoke. V a.; C. M. SCHAEFER. The Chesapeake and Ohio Ry. co, Richmond, V a.; G. R. K NIG HT, St. Louis South western Ry. Lines, Tyler, Texas; M. A. NUGENT, Tire Southern Pacific co, San Francisco, Cali!.; J. W. THOM PSON, Seaboard Air Line R. R , Norfolk, Va. Kytauy Railroad Crossing Committee--R. S. JA M ES,(C hairm an), The Denver ft Rio Grande Western R. R. co, Denver, Colo.; G. M. DEM PSEY (Vice Chairman), Chicago, f Milwaukee/St. Paul ft Pacific R. R. co, Chicago, HU; W. II. ROBERTS, The Chicago J It Northwestern Ry. co, Chicago, III. ; G. W, ELSTE, The Baltimore & Ohio R. R. to, Baltimore, Md. ; C: M. SCHAEFER, Tire Chesapeake ft Ohio Ry. co , Richmond, Va; E. W. HOBBS, Missouri Pacific Lines, St. Louis, Mo.; J. P. KOLOC, Illinois Railroad, Chicago. HI.; G. C. STItOMSOK, Atlantic Coast Line R. R. co, gioii, N, C. tame ojjf Off-thc-job Safety Committee: R. P. HAMILTON (Chairman), St. Louis- SarrJfrancisco Ry. co, St. Louis, Mo.; C. M. KIMBALL (Vice Chairman), Southern ky. Hy, Washington. I). C ; F. L. DUGGAN. Atrhisou, Topeka and Santa Fe Ry. Sysifcliicago, III.; E. II. BLEWER, New York Central'System, New York. N. Y.; yC -O rB LU E, Chicago & Eastern Illinois R. R. co. Danville, 111.; H. C. DAULTON, Louisville fit Nashville R. R. co, Louisville, Ky. ; JO H N D. W ATT, The Monon- f n q n Connecting R. R. co, Pittsburgh, l 'a. * r 33 ) 0 0 0 -0 7 ) ) SCHOOL AND COLLEGE CONFERENCE mpPreeident fo r Schools aw! Colleges--LOW ELL II. FISH ER, Male chairman, North I Cabal Association for Colleges and Secondary Schools, University of Illinois, Urhaua. o f the Conference--ZEN A S K. CLARK, administrative assistant, Wilmington QMlic Schools, Wilmington, Del. C d a in sM fo r Elementary Education--VICTOR/ E. LEONARD, principal. North unit School, Greenwich School District, Riverside, Conn. 8^ b O tin s M fo r Secondary Education--NORMAN GORE, assistant superintendent of Rchools, Decatur, III. Ir C b irm s for Higher Education--JOHN W, IIII.L, director. Workmen's CompensaH a Insurance, Texas A & M College System, College Station. Texas. (rOainwm for Driver Education--AMOS E. NEYHART, administrative head, Insti[Me ol Public Safety, Pennsylvania Slate Uni-.crsity, University Park. Pa. WChairman fo r Supervision and Special Areas--IVAN J. STEHMAN, chief, Div. of ^Highways and Safety Education, Stale Dept, ol Public Instruction, Harrisburg, Pa. pwfary--WAYNE P. H U G H ES, director. School and College Division, National Safety ^Council. Chicago, III. p CONGRESS PROGRAM COMMITTEE jarman-DALl DOR W. KRALOVEC, Philadelphia, Pa. wilory--ALVIN E. H O U R, University, Ala. W w --CLAYTON W. D E M ENT, West Lafayette, Ind.; O. J. DORR, Fond Hn Lae, iWii.; TOM S. GABLE, Pittsburgh, P a .; JAM ES J. G RIFFIN , Chicago. III.; JO HN T.HAACK, Davenport. Iow a; FRANK B. JEW SO N, Superior. Wis.; RICHARD K. :KLEIN, nistnarck. N. IT ; CHARLES J. KRAFT. Jr.. Brooklyn. N. Y.; \V. I>. IfcCLURKIN, Nashville. Term.; H ELEN MANLEY, University Citv, Mo.; PAUL W. SEAGERS, Bloomington, Ind.; LESLIE R. SILVENNALE. E. Lansing, M idi.: HUNK O. STANGEL. Milwaukee, W is.; MARTHA C. STEVENSON. PhiladeL (to. Pa.; JO H N L. VICKERS, Frankfort, K.v.; MARY MAY WYMAN, Louisville. Ky.: W. C. YEAGER. Sioux Citv. Iowa. I 4 Kefrcscntatk r--VI V I.W WEEDON, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. and Staff Representative--MARIAN TELFORD, National Safety Council, Chi- r Members--MARK J. DONDERO, Cambridge, M u r.; PITH1AN S. F. Ky.; LON NIE GILLILAND, Oklahoma City, Okla.; DEVONAj Dayton. Ohio: J OHN T. HAACK, Davenport, Iowa; EARL D. H*" City; RALPH M. H EN DRIX , Colombia, 5. C.; JO SEPH f t Park, Pa : STANLEY McKEE, Highland Park, III.; MARY RAPP N. Y.; J. J. SMALTZ, Manhattan, Kans.; A. P. SM ITH, J R , Jac*r E SPENCER. Malden. Mas.; JO H N TAMMERYN, Tampa,' WHEELER, Louisville, Ky. IH T CONGRESS PROGRAM COMMITTEE Chairman--MAY HAZARD, Hamtrnmck, Mirti. Secretory-- A. L. CUNNINGHAM, Gary. Ind. Mender--HOMER ALLEN. West Lafayette. Ind.; FITH IA N S. FAR Ky.; HARRY I). FLETCHER, University Park. P a.; JO SEPH G water. Fla.; It. W. JONES. Keokuk, Iow a: HELF.N K. KNAND D. C.; RUTH JEW ELL. Raleigh, N. C.; HAROLD A. SEEKAMP Ky.; GLENN F. SH U PE . Springfield, Ohio; DARLEEN BELL Nashville. Term.; BERTHA TRU N NELL. Louisville, Ky.; LESTE St. Louis, Mo.; ELIZA CALLAS, Kensington, Md. if Staff Represmtative--DAN IEL I*. W EBSTER, National Safely Council, DRIVER EDUCATION SECTION General Clwirman--AMOS E. N EY HA RT, University Park, Pa. /iiiiiedrote Past General Chairman--EDW ARD R. AURAMOSKI, Erie; P Pin-Chairman--RUSSELL I. BROWN, Des Moines, Iowa. Secretary--THOMAS A. SEALS. New York City. Staff Representative--IVAN L. ELAND, National Safety Council, Chic ElEMENTART SCHOOL SECTION Chairman--VICTOR E. LEONARD. Riverside, Conn. Pita-Chairman--STANLEY W . McKEE. Highland Park, III. Secretary--TH E L M A STOKES. Ajo. A m . Staff Reffneeutative--VIVIAN W EEDON, National Safety Council, HIGHER EDUCATION SECTION General CAairman--JOHN W. HILL, College Station, Texas Staff /Je/rfjenliiliTie--DANIEL P W EBSTER. National Saicly Council, i SAFETV EDUCATION SUPERVISORS SECTION Genetmm 171 ~kairman -IVAN J. ST EIIM A N , Harrishurg, Pa. Post General Chairmun--CECIL G. ZAUN, Los Angeles, Calif. )fww--HAROLD K. JACK. Kiclimond. Va. VIRGINIA W H EELER. LTM.i*ville, Ky. I- ` \ * ) 0 0 0 4 0 8 I:- A ^ ^ rtstnlalive--CHARLES A. FRENCH. Council. Chicago, III. ......... ^ INDUSTRIAL ARTS ASSOCIATION-NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL COMMITTEE I 30N ALD PE TE R S. Arlington, Va. '/ro fiilfllw --W AYNE P. HUGHES, 1>irctlcr. School ami (llene Divinon. Safely Council, Chicago, 111. ;r VOCATIONAL ASSOCIATION-NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL SAFETY COMMITTEE J. E. T E POORTEN. Marfi>i>. Wi*. I i tttnlalivr--W AYNE P. HUGHES, llirccltir, School amt College Division. Jpl Safety Council, Chicago, III. FETT COMMITTEE LYTON W. DE MENT. Lafayette, Iml. mu--ARTHUR F. URAND STATTER. E. Lansing. Mich. -JOHN MORRIS, Champaign, 111. *nmlative--D AN IEL P. W EBSTER, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. MION COMMITTEE on--JO H N W. HILL, College Station, Texas. Committee--J. DUKE ELKOW, Matlison. Wis. uentalive--DANIEL P. W EBSTER, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. .SCHOOL SAFETY HONOR'ROLL COMMITTEE <m--ALFRED L. 1'A I'ILLON. atkngo* III. KS. P. D. DEVIL, Sacramento, Calif.; RUSSELL I. IIROWN, Dcs Moines. Pa L. CUNNINGHAM. Gary, Iml.; MAY l \ HAZARD, llamlramrk. Mich.; I JEWELL. Raleigh. N. C.; WALTER 1). LAUD. St. |nsr|>li, Mo.: FORREST KG. New York City; GEORGE P. SILVER WOOD. C.rccn Day, Wis. Ualit'e--JVAN L. ELAND, National Safety Council, Chicago. 111. I Committee \ ^-HERBERT J. S T A C K . New York City. nloliw--DANIEL P. W EBSTER, National Safety Council, Chicago. T* ) 1937 Notional Safely Congren (rol. One a ytar on the last Sunday be fore fiify 4, a "Safely Sunday" is lietil in llie slulr. In roo|>eralioii* with (lie Okla homa City Minisleriat Alliance, (lie I Ugliway Patrol prepare a kit of sermons, talks, message! and other material which is dis- tribuled to clergymen and others who lake part in "Safely Sunday." This effort is non-secsetarian and highway patrol officers give sermons on traffic safely on this day. Clayton Hess of lire California Highway Patrol described the California program to combat drinking and driving. A special pro gram each December is aimed at curbing the dangers resulting from Christmas office parlies. A variety of material is prepared including posters, leaflets, and special altcntion-getlers such as a reaction timer. Warren Taylor, health and safety dept, manager for the U. S. Junior Ctiamlier of Commerce, discussed a project conducted hy a Jajrrce rhaplcr in which a iicwspaiwr offered a prire to any driver who could slop his car wilhin 50 fed traveling at 35 mp.h. The challenge was printed in the paper under a picture of burned lire marks on a pavement. Taylor reported that no one claimed the price. Thomas C. Hcmpheld of the Mansfield (Ohio) Police Department tlcscrilicd a police-S|>oritnre<l, cily-financcd "Safely Town" for pre-school children. Children are tauRhl traffic safely bolh in classrooms and in a miniature "town" with streets, sidewalks, traffic signals and markings. P. W . Craves, safety inspector for I fmental Motor* CctfpT ''Muskegon, described lu* company'* traffic salttri gram which Include* bulletin board a carton cards, outdoor potters for pad lots, place mat* in the company n and full-page ads in the local nei Dan Hollingsworth, director o( thtf| homa City Safety Council, told of Ike lithing and distributing of a tri manual in Oklahoma City. Linda Shuler described a televisual gram called "Aftermath" which lias ti a great deal of interest in Dallas gram takes an actual traffic case and tires it using real people, real j police, rather than actor*. W. J. Sturm of Hardware Mi Stevens Point, Wi*., described a safety project held in Stevens Ppisl the coo|>cration of the local laxi cab pany. The calm carry while flag* wifb| Green Cross for Safely. Jt an occurs anywhere in Ihe city, all Ik carry a red flag for 48 hours. It * accident occurs, the cabs fly a black lor one week as a constant reminder b community. Mark Markson. Minnesota Highway told of a summer camp maintained I American Legion fur the training ol patrol guards. Uolli boys and girls t lend a one week course at Ihe camp is fully equipped with camping facilil I <w 000409 " 66 WtRS OF THE TRAFFIC SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 il Chairman--M A TTH EW C. SII'XSKI, tlirtclor, safely and irafTic engineering dept, Chicago Motor Club, Chicago, III. I, Riti Chairman--BERNARD It. CALDWELL, commissioner, California Highway (lin t, Sacramento, Calif. | toad V ur Chairman--JO H N MURTAGH, chief justice. Magistrates Court. New York, IM ^4 Vue Chairman--JA M ES M. SLAV IN, citici of police, Kalamazoo, Midi, mmI Congress Vrogratn Committee Cluiirnutn--EDWARD H. KLAMM, manager, ncciprevention ilcpl. Allstate Iusuraitee to., Skokie, III. wkrthip CommitUe Cltairatan--DAVID M. BALD^VfN, executive secretary, Institute *Traffic Engineers, Washington, l). C. v at Sparge: KAY ASH W ORTH, director, Nffrlliwcsirr UnjvriMiy Trallit* In stitute, Evanston, III.; RICHARD O. BENNETT, aiitnninlivc division, Accident & Eire Prevention dept., National Association of Automotive Muliial Insurance companies, Chicago, III.; T. N. IIOATK, manager, accident prevrulhm dept., Association of Casualty &Surely companies, New York, N. Y.; PAUL K. BURKE, executive dirrci*r, M aty had Traffic Safety Commission, Baltimore, AM,; HENRY W t LI*MI*NI, m jtH t.n r. Uunki|ial Court, Plainfield, N. J .; NHRMAN DAMON, \u r |Mrc*f*h*. \i. m. n. Safety Eoundation, Washington, I). C.; M. K. DARLINGTON, l i t , m*mi:in(! j[Inter-Industry Highway Safety Committee, Washington, U. RUVIAN U. III*ND RICK, judge. City Court, Shreveport, L a.; K. II. HOLMES, deputy cmiMtitssioiicr, U. S. Bureau ol Public Roads, Washington, l). C .; JO SEPH M. KAPLAN, sccrciarvamuitr, Greater Los Angeles chapter. National Safety Council, Los Angeles, Calif.; PifASON LADD, lean. College of I.aw, State University of Iowa, Iowa Cily, Imva; tBURTON W. MARSH, director, traffic engineering and safety department, American lontobile Association, Washington, D. C .; RALPH A. MOYER, research professor, Imlitute ol Transportation ami Traffic Engineering, University of California, Berkeley. [Calif.; HALLIE L. MYERS, executive director, Indiana Traffic Safely Konndatimi, iMianapolis. Ind.; T IM O T H Y J. O'CONNER, Commissioner of Police, Chicago. 111.: SH. W. PLETCHER, Traffic Safety Association of Detroit, Detroit, Midi.; R. C. tSALISBURY, director, safety division. Motor Vehicle Dc|*rlmcnt, Madison, W k ; . EDWARD SCIIKMAT, cmuiiussMHicr, DepitrlmenI of Motor Vehicles, Raleigh, N. ( ^CORDON SIIKKBK, director. Highway Traffic Safely Center, Michigan Stale Unifimity, East Lansing, Mich.; JO H N D. W ATTS, Judge of Recorders Court, Detroit. Ijlfich. Ilv Division Rcprrsrulnliivs: BERNARD L. GAKMIKK, chief, 1`ulicc Iirpartimiif, f|Tacson, A ril.; HAROLD W. Sl'L L IV A N , deputy chief. I'ulice Department, Los j'Amchj, Calif. CaUrl Representatives: J. J. Q UILI.IN , judge, Municipal Court, rortlaiul, O re.; MORRIS ROSENTHAL,, judge. Miinici|ial Court, St. Louis, Mo. Ctntral Chairmen: J. E. I'. DARK ELI., director. Traflic and I'lamiins, Minnesota Highway Department, St. I'aul. Mime; ROBERT K. RALEIGH, ( ilirri Traflic Safely Ubard of Metropolitan Chicago, CliicaKo, III.' yj'-DANIEL G. REYNOLDS, director. TraTic Operations division, Traflic ami jTnmporlation dcpartincut. National Safety Council1, Chicago, III. 67 I ) FFIC ER S O F T H E p TRANSIT SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 trat Chairman--D. L. W ILLIAM SON, supervisor of accident prevention, Cleveland f Transit Syitem, Cleveland, Ohio. irr Chairman--J. GODFREY BUTLER, direcloij of personnel and labor relations, D. C. ^Transit System, Inc., Washington, D. C. Halt Past Central Chairman--JA M ES S. OSBORNE, president and general manager. { Cincinnati, Newport & Covington Transportation Co., Newport, Ky. trr/nry--JO E V. GARVEY, general manager, Harrisburg Railways Co., Harrisburg, I'a. jlm liriM j Chairman--J. M. BUSBY, JR., safety director, Memphis Street Railway Co., I Memphis, Tenn. I irons Chairman--ELM ER R. SCHUEM ANN, superintendant of transportation and 1lafety. United Motor Coach Co., Des Plaines, III. ftemben al Large:--CARL J. ANDERSON, personnel director, Milwaukee and Sulnuhan J; Transport Corporation, Milwaukee, W is.; HOW ARD M. BAKER, safely diicelor, I. Montreal Transportation Commission, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; R. DEWEY CAS[i SELL, general manager. Safety Motor Transit Co., Roanoke, Va.; TYRELL ESTEP, j safely director, Indianapolis Transit System, Indianapolis, Ind.; PAUL J. FANNING, director, Bureau of Personnel and Safety, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, San Francisco, Calif.; BERNARD C. HAMEL, supervisor of personnel, safety and welfare, Quebec-Autobus, L td , Quebec, P. Q , Canada; CHARLES E. K EISER, .. superintendent of transportation, Chicago Transit Authority, Chicago, III.; VAN COURT LUCAS, administrative assistant. American Transit Association, New York, N. Y.; L EE MILLS, director of safety, Cincinnati Transit Co, Cincinnati, Ohio; 11 PAUL W. MOYER, general superintendent, Lehigh Valley Transit Co, Allentown, Pa.; J. W. PRUTSM AN, safety director, Los Angeles Transit Lines, Los Angeles, Calif.; MACHLIN E. STERNBURGH, director of safety. New York C ty Transit Authority, Brooklyn, N. Y .; PA TR IC K S. SIKOIS. safely director, Miami Transit Co, Miami, Fla.; II. SU D DERTH . safety director, Dallas Transit Co, Dallas, T ea.; C R. SY l'HER, manager. Safety Engineering Department, Transit Casually Co, St. Louis, Mo.; RALPH T. T A L B O T T ;'afety supervisor, Phoenix Transit System, Phoenix A rir.; ELLIO TT A. T H IEL , director. Accident Prevention, Columbus Transit Co, Columbus, Ohio; J. L. W EEKS, general supervisor of safety. South Caro lina Electric and Gas Co, Columbia, S. C. !Ctmttlors:--M. C. BULLOCK, supervising engineer. Transit Casually Co, St. Louis, f Mo.; COLIN DOBELL, director. Transportation Safely & Training, B. C. Electric [ Co, Vancouver. B. C , Canada; ARTHUR J. NAQUIN, safety counselor. New J Orleans Public Service. Inc, New Orleans, La.; H. W. WHITCOMB, superintendent ^ accident prevention, Philadelphia Transportation Co, Philadelphia, Pa. ' Stef Representative--CHRIS IM IIO FF, Motor Transportation Division, National Safely i Council, Chicago, 111. 39 WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1957-58 * ) 5P f General Chairman-- R. C. CHILDRESS, National DUlilJcri Products corp., Cooperage div., Memphis, Tenn. | J iitr Chairman and Program Chairman--H ERBERT A. LADW IC, Employers Mutuals of Wausau, Wausau, Wis. Hrmr Letter Editor--F. S. PERRY, B. C. Lumber Manufacturers Assn., Vancouver, B. C , Canada. , Secretory and Membership Chairman--T. E. NORTH, Alaska Pine and Cellulose Ltd., Vancouver, B. C., Canada. (* O(M 11 HGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES Great Lakes-- *ROY E. JO HN SON , Krochler Manufacturing co , Kankakee, III.; East-- ' SETH JACKSON, safety officer, U. S. Forest Service, Washington, D. G ; South-- ! HARRY LA FFER TY , Nickey Brothers, Itic., Memphis, Tem.; Castada--*W. M. ALLISON, B. C. Lumber Manufacturers Assn,, Vancouver, B. C,, Canada; IVest-- ROBERT M. GILMORE, Rayonier Itic., ll<H|tuam. Wash. Sngmeering Coordinator--ARNDT SKONNING, woodwork engineer. Western Electric co., Chicago, III. Semnilling Committee:--M. H. FELL (Chairman), Edward Hines Lumber co., Hines, Ore.; R. M. D INW ID D IE, branch accident prevention manager, Employers Mutuals of Wausau, Portland, O re ; E. A. Roles, Weyerhaeuser Timber co., Longview, Wash.; A. F. REINW A RT, T. H, Mastn te Co., St. Louis, Mo.; Advisor to Committee-- W. M. ALLISON, B. C. Lumber Manufacturers Assn., Vancouver, B, C , Canada. Legging Committee: PA-T R EITEN (Chairman), acting personnel manager, Simpson lagging Co., Portland, O re.; JO H N T. A TK IN SON . B. C. District Council No. I, I.W.A., Vancouver, B. C., Canada; HUGH D. LARKIN, J. R. Simplot Co., Boise, Idaho; W . E. LYNN, Hiram Walker & Sons, In c, Cooperage D iv, Peoria, 111.; PROF. J. K EN N E T H PEARCE, College of Forestry, University of Washington. Seattle, W ash.; Advisor lo Commiltee--*)O E T . DUNLOP, Dierks Forests Inc., DeQueen, Ark. Venter and PlywooJ Committee: GORDON MERCER (Chairman), Algoma Plywood and Veneer co., Algoma, W is.; H. CHANDLER D REW , Medford corp., Medford, Ore.; B. E. KELLEY, United States Plywood corp.. New York, N. Y.; H. F. MAPSON, Canadian Western Lumber to , Fraser Milts, B. C., Canada; BYRON M. OYSTER, Weyerhaeuser Timber co., Tacoma Bldg., Tacoma, Wash. jj , Furniture and Mithoori Committee: THOM AS H . FREDRICKSON (Chairman), '' j Anderson corp.. Bayport, Minn.; ROBERT L. RICHARDS, American Seating Co., f Grand Rapids, Mich ; V. K. ANDERSON, Krochler Manufacturing Co., Binghamton, I N. Y .; Advisor to Committee--`JACK DUN MAN, The Mengel co., Louisville, Ky. Textile . r Manufacturing Committee--FRED L. SNODGRASS, safety departmestJ North American Rayon Corp, Elizabclliton, Tcnn.; R. ]. COLLINS, American Viscetu Gorp, Nilro, West V a.; GUV BOOKER, safely su|>crvlsor, Chcmstrand Corp., P e a J cola, Fla. .WK" Special AJvitory Commitire--NEIL NELSON, American Mutual Liability InjuraaalW co, Manchester. N. H .; HAROLD F. H A Y D EN ; JOHN J. BURGER, W. Dickey * Sons. Inc, Oella. Md.; H. S. BAUCOM; *W. B. WEAVER, Spray, N . C H M ISS FRANCIS B E T H U N E ; T. A. W ILSO N, Textile Insurance co. High P o it-W N. C ; GLENN G. FLEM IN G ; *H. E. W ILLIA M S; C. J. HYSLUP, sa fa |W , director, Chatham Manufacturing co , Elkin, N. C .; CHARLES L. T R O U J IE i^ R / safety supervisor, Moliasco Industries, In c, Amsterdam, N. Y. ;) 9 S ! * Staff Representative--J. E. CROUSHORE, National Safety Council, Chicago. '9 1 Pari General Chairman. 9 46 ) ) #