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PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT THE RED BOOK UjS 6 (mim CP039 1951 r This book is published as a guide to good lathing and plastering practice on the job. Why? Because e all know that a good plastering job is still the most potent sales promoter we in the plastering industry possess! The RED BOOK is not intended as a complete architectural specification, which is available on special request in another form. Instead, it is designed for Contracting Lathers and Plasterers. Journeyman Lathers and Plasterers. Builders. General Contractors, and Architect's Superintendents--all in the interest of turning out the finest possible plastering nork. Let me remind you that any one of the distinguished USG trademarks listed below is your assurance of: il> products of uniformly high quality; (2) products carefully researched and rigidly tested; rjl products accepted and trusted by trade and customers alike. And, you can be sure that United States Gypsum will keep right on guarding the reputation of these products -- just as it has been doing ever since the first one was developed and sold over 50 years ago! YOUR USG SALESMAN TRADE-MARK NOTICE* The following trade-morks identify the particular products manufactured only- by United States Gypsum- Company. RED TOP Plaster, Finishes and Lime ROCKLATH Gypsum Lath BONDCRETE Plaster for Concrete Surfaces .... ORIENTAL Colored Pfaster cm* Stucco finaha*- .' - AUDICOTE Acoustical Plnler J HI-UTE Acoustical node**-... y SABiNITE Acoustical Plotter ' - CHAMPION Gouging. Waster ; STAR Gauging PlasfeCr w STRUCTO-GAUGE* Gauging Plaster GRAND PRIZE Finishing Ume IVORY Finishing Lime MORTASEAL Masons Lima PYROBAR Gypsum Partition Tile COLOR-RITE* Metal Lath TIIISSTEEL Tram Designed Studs- TRUS-LOK Cfip* UACE-THE Attachment dips BRIDJOINT Attachment Clips 0 TEXOUTE Point Products ~Q USG Gypsum, Ume and Steel STRUCTO-UTE Plaster -2 M bat Sis fradi-ssfa bdnM bf ss * ore isjMosd la lbs U. S. fahat Office. n-is Mst M/m ikM tons atoms emme r- -0 O' The Red Book # UNITED STATES GYPSUM COMPANY 300 Wast Adams Strt, Chicago 6, Illinois 3 GP039 1957 Gypsum...the basic material tor lathing and plastering What is Gypsum? Gypsum is one of the most common minerals of the earth. Nonmetallic. it is usually in the form of grey or white rock, found in veins varying from a few feet to 20 and 30 feet in thickness. Chemically, gypsum is a mineral composed of calcium sulphate combined with water of crystallization. This ``dry" water makes up approximately 20 percent of the weight of raw gypsum rock, and it is this feature which gives gypsum its fire-protective qualities and makes it so adaptable for the manufacture of building materials. 5 GP039 1959 GP039 I9 6 0 Hew Gypfvm is Processed After gypsum is mined or quarried, it is crushed and ground and then calcined (or cooked) to remove the greater part of the chemically combined water. This calcined product, or Plaster of Paris, is the basic ingredient of all gypsum materials. Com bined with other materials and water, it is used for the manu facture of gypsum lath, partition tile and gypsum plasters. When it is mured with water to make gypsum lath or to make a plaster mi* on the job, it re-absorbs the water removed in proc essing and reverts to gypsum rock. This recombination with water is why gypsum materials give such excellent fire protec tion to buildings. r6 i I t I Hew Gypsum Pretests Against Fire When fire heats a gypsum wall or ceiling to about 212 F., the water of crystallization is gradually converted into steam. The water of crystallization effectively retards the spread of flame. For instance, in an average room 10 feet square finished with gypsum lath and plaster, the heat of a fire could convert the water of crystallization in the gypsum into sufficient steam to fill the room three times. The back of the gypsum wall will not be much hotter than 212 F. until all the water is gone-- a slow process. This protects the wood framing, which doesn't start to burn until about 400 F. Setting Action ef Gypsum Water is added to gypsum plaster on the job until the material insufficiently plastic to spread easily under the trowel. After it is applied, the gypsum particles re-absorb part of the water from the mix and the plaster reverts through crystallization to the chemical form it originally had when taken from the ground. <n -o o UJ V0 O Giant rotary earner in which crushed gypsum is cookod. The balance of the mixing water is dried out of the plaster slab through ventilation and evaporation. When crystals begin to form in gypsum plaster, it starts to harden; this is known as the "setting action1' of gypsum. Gypsum which has been calcined begins to set soon after water is added. RED TOP-Stabilized Set Mill addition of special ingredients developed by USG Research has resulted in the famous "Stabilized Set'' of all Red Top plasters. Red Top minimizes variability in sets often caused by sand and water impurities which would accelerate or retard the set of ordinary plaster. Whether machine or hand mixed-- applied over metal, wood, gypsum, insulating lath, cement block, brick, clay or gypsum tile--a scratch or brown coat of Red Top mixed with sand or lightweight aggregates (vermiculite, perlite) sets more uniformly. It also sets to more uniform hardness, providing a better surface for application of white coat. The set progresses evenly from the base out to the surface. Why gypsum is better lor building In addition to its outstanding fire-protective qualities, the mineral gypsum will not rot nor decay and combines light weight with strength. It builds durable walls that last a Lifetime, and may be economically adapted to any architectural design. <T> TO O V>* sO >0 O' p>> ] Plaster Bases ROCKLATH piaster bet* FYROBAR and othar Masonry Plaster Basos USO Motel Lath and Accessories PAGE 10 17 21 Proper use and application of USG plaster bases is important in the construction of strong durable finished walls and ceilings. A secure bond between the plaster and plaster base is essen tial to develop strength and resistance to abuse and cracking. Gypsum plaster adheres to a plaster base because a bond is developed which virtually makes the two materials a solid unit. A ``mechanical" bond is formed when plaster is pressed through the mesh or holes of the lath, forming keys on the other side. The keys actually "rivet" the plaster and lath together. This mechanical bond results when plastering over metal lath or perforated gypsum lath. A "suction" bond is formed when gypsum plaster is applied over gypsum lath, and masonry bases. In this case the tiny needle-like plaster crystals penetrate into the surface pores of the base by suction. When the plaster sets, the base becomes "welded" to the plaster. When perforated gypsum lath is used, both suction and mechanical bonds are developed. 9 GP039 1963 ROCKLATH Plaster Bases Plain ROCKLATH Plaster Base is a gypsum lath made in sheet form in thicknesses of Y% in. and }'2 in. It consists of a core of gypsum pressed and rolled between two layers of special absorptive paper, and is the standard of excel lence for receiving gypsum base coat plaster. c and savings in plastering are out- ^ standing. 4 LIMITATIONS OF USE 1. Gypsum lath, % in. thick, is de signed for supports not to exceec 16 in. o.c. For framing spaced more than 16 in. o.c. but not more than 24 in. o.c., Yi in. thick Rocklath should be used. W ADVANTAGES Fireproof--Rocklath has an incom bustible gypsum core and will not transmit temperatures much over 212 degrees F. until completely cal cined. Resistant to Sound Transmission-- Wood stud partitions with Rocklath and gypsum plaster on both sides have a high resistance to sound transmission. (See Rocklath Resili ent System page 6o for higher sound transmission resistance.) Strong Bond--Gypsum plaster bonds to Rocklath with a safety factor of 144--far higher than required to meet usual construction standards. Structurally Strong--Large units add resistance to racking of framing members. Durable--Not harmfully affected by decay, dry rot or normal moisture. Will not attract vermin. Economical--The low cost of Rock lath, its ease and speed of erection 2. Use with gypsum plaster only. Bond between lime or portland cement plaster and Rocklath is inadequate. 3. Gypsum lath and plaster, painted with 3 coats of lead and oil, has a vapor permeability of about 3% Perms (grains of water per square foot per hour per inch of mercury vapor pressure difference). For higher resistance to vapor transmission, use Insulating Rocklath plaster base. 4. Do not use in areas exposed to excessive moisture for long periods of time. Use galvanized metal lath and portland cement-lime plaster. 5. Where one hour fire resistive rat ings are required, Perforated Rock lath plaster base should be used. Perforated ROCKLATH is identical to plain Rocklath ex cept that Yx in. round holes are punched through the lath 4 in. o.c. These perforations allow the applied plaster to "mushroom" through the O U> 10 holes and form "rivets" to mechani cally key the plaster to the Rocklath, providing both mechanical and suction bonds. ADVANTAGES Same as plain Rocklath but with higher fire rating. Gives one hour fire rating on partitions with in. gyp sum plaster sanded 1:2-1:2 by weight, or gypsum-perlite plaster 100 lbs. to 21-0 cu. ft. and a one hour rating on ceilings, with gypsum-perlite plaster proportioned 100:2 LIMITATIONS OF USE Same as tor plain Rocklath plaster base, except perforated Rocklath should not be used on ceilings with Resilient Rocklath dips or other side suspended clip systems. Ilfotfrotlon of ImpofforK* of Vofxx ftorrfor Insulating ROCKLATH is manufactured with a sheet of bright aluminum foil laminated to the back of plain Rocklath. It pro vides insulation against heat and cold and is an effective vapor barrier. ADVANTAGES All those of plain Rocklath plus: 1. Insulating value equal to 3^ in. fiber insulation board when installed with at least H inch air space next to foil. 2. Aluminum foil is one of the best vapor barriers known and used com mercially. 3. Economical--one material, one application provides plaster base, insulation, vapor barrier. LIMITATIONS OF USE Same as plain Rocklath plaster base. Use only on the interior of exterior walls and top floor ceilings. IMPORTANT When Insulating Rocklath is in stalled with at least a % in. airspace next to the foil, it has the same insulating value as a half inch of fiber insulating board. An efficient vapor barrier should be installed in all exterior walls and ceilings where freezing weather oc curs for extended periods of time The vapor barrier should be located on the warm side of the exterior wall or top floor ceiling. GP039 1965 11 PARTITIONS Construction H' Plain ROCKLATH nail-on 2r x 4' studs. TECHNICAL DATA Wood Frame Construction Total Weight Lbs. per Sq. Ft. Lath and Plaster Only Plast.r & Aggregate 12.0 Gypsum-Sand 1:2 --1:2 Thickness Fire Rating Rafcrenc. Sound Transmission Loss & Reference A' 45 min. (1) 41 (1) */k' Plain ROCKLATH nail-on, 2r x 4' studs. 11.0 Wood fiber plaster Vi' 1 Hr. (I) 41 (2) W Perforated ROCKLATH noil-on, 29 x 4* studs. 12.0 Gypsum-Sand 1:2--1:2 A" 1 hr. (1) 41 (2) Vi' Perforated ROCKLATH nail-on, 2* x 4* studs. 8.0 Gypsum-Perlite 100:2 Vi A' 1 hr. (1) W Perforated ROCKLATH nail-on, 2' x 4* studs. 8.0 Gypsum-Vermiculite 100:21/2 Vs' 1 hr.ll) CEILINGS W Perforated ROCKLATH nailed to 2" x 1 O'" wood joists with headed nails. Va " sub floor--diaphragm of asbestos paper--T&G finished floor 6.0 Gypsum-Sand 1:2 --1:2 A" Some as above except nails had Yt" head. 6.0 Gypsum-Sand 1:2 --1:2 A" Y%* Perforated ROCKLATH noiled to 2" x 1 0" wood joists with Y%" headed nails (5 per lath per joistl. Sfriplath applied to joists with Va" nails having head. 6.0 Gypsum-Sand 1:2 --1:2 'A' Y%* Perforated ROCKLATH nailed to 2' x 10* wood joists with ,%4"' head nails-- 4 per lath per joist. 4.0 Gypsum-Perlite 100:2/2 Gypsum:Vermiculite 100-2/2 'A' A' y*ff Plain ROCKLATH nailed to 2" x 10" wood joists with *9Aa head nails-- 4 per lath per joist-- 20 go. I* hex. wire mesh nailed to joists through lath. 4.0 Gypsum-Perlite 100:2/2 f I) National Bureau of Standards BMS 92. (2) estimated to be same as plain ROCKLATH Plaster Base with sanded plaster. A` 30 min. (1) 45 min. (1) 1 hr. (1) 1 hr. (11 1 hr. (1) VA hr. (1) Typo*--tocommondad 5tvd Spacing-- Special Usas RcwmM SM Spadof fa lUdMM MkOWL 1 rms SIZES /r COMMENTS Plain *'. H' MUdi 16' * * 16* Owe 24* ft M' ROCXUTH b nnrttcuiorty adagtobla to nadnbla baaing tpacad 24* ft*. Pnrfarotnd* frmjdartng Plain Long Lang* V-ndgn H', Mdi 16' * 46* 16' 04 H', Yt' Mdi 16'* 4#* 16'a*. 'A'Mdt 24'wtdaby npto 12* I6*ftft Ifagnlrnd tor Ugbnr Ora rating J 24' ftt . ---------------------.----------------- *-J top tw caMnpt Aar karioNoi and m m vapor barvAac. J1toraMtorMEV OOOATO and gtadnr. gartBtow ts**gaga6&i , ... -V 1 bauiallng Long Unpfl Spor* Pdg* H'Mdi 24'wida by tnWng batglito agio ir. Par ntipimltoi to antortor nrenry wnto Mtog MS Wn* Pnrrtog iraatei. and *' bbMnto. (San gaga 6fc| i J *Porforatod BOCKLATH is not rocomtnondod for coiling applications whon sido-tvsponsion dip attochmonts or* usod. 14 T c 1 e <* 4 4 o s ^ ^ c/ FIO. 1 (Ashler pantrn) Sidewall and Calling Application Apply 16 x 48 in, ROCKLATH with stag* gered end joints on studs or joists, spaced Id in. o.e. Apply 4 naih ptr board par support--spec# approximately 5 in. apart, H in. from edges and ends. FIQ. 2. Alternate Ceiling Application (Canadian system) <D T3 O UJ o >0 a> as 15 Long Length ROCKLATH plaster base *4 in. thick, 24 in. wide with V edges is used to construct 2 in. Solid Rocklath and piaster partitions. (5ee page 65.) Long Length Insulating Rocklath, in. thick, is used as an economical fur ring application for exterior masonry walls, providing ease of erection, insulation and an excellent vapoj barrier (See page 63). ADVANTAGES The same fire protection as other Rocklath plaster bases of corre sponding thickness, as well as econ omy and ease of application. C 1 C w * APPLICATION of ROCKLATH N >4 0 vj Propor Nail*--Fortin. Rocklath, Sidawall and Cailing Application- nails should be 1)4 in., 13 gauge Rocklath plaster base should al blued, ,94t in- flat head, smooth dia ways be applied face out with the mond point. For Yi in. lath, use 1*4 long dimensions at right angles to in. length. For nailable steel fram the framing members. On walls, end ing (spaced not more than 24 in. joints should fall on different sup o.c.) use nails of proper gauge with ports in adjacent courses. On ceil not less than % in. heads and long ings, end joints are staggered as for enough to develop the proper nail side walls (See Fig. /) or Rocklath holding of the framing. should be erected so that end joints Nailing (Sidawall* and cailings)-- Space nails approximately % in. from the edges and ends, approx imately 5 in. apart, using four nails per lath per support. For Y in. Rocklath with supports more than are made continuous on a support, in which case end joints must be covered with 3 in. striplath and the long or edge joint offset or staggered (See Fig. 2). In all cases. Rocklath joints should be butted together. 16 in. o.c., nails must be spaced ap Cornarita and Comar Baad Appli proximately 4 in. apart using 5 nails cation-- Inside corners should be re per lath per support. For a one hour inforced over Rocklath plaster base ceiling fire rating when using sand as with comerite. Staple comerite to the aggregate, 5 nails per lath per the lath to retain position until support plus striplath on joints must plastered. Corner bead should be be used. stapled to exterior comers. 16 b ^ b&d 1 and Other Masonry Plaster Bases tSt>V bV U ci*J PYROBAR Gypium Partition Til*--A precast gypsum tile for building non-ioad bearing fireproof partitions, either in new construction or alteration work. Because it is made of gypsum, it has a strong natural bond with gypsum basecoat plaster. Pyrobar is avail able in several types and thicknesses (See chart, page IQ). ADVANTAGES Fireproof--3 in. hollow Pyrobar plastered two sides has 3 hour fire rating. 4 in. hollow Pyrobar plas tered two sides has 4 hour fire rating. Lightweight--30 4o 50% lighter than other commonly used masonry units. Plaster Bond--safety factor of 173. Soves Plaster--large size, machine moulded units lay accurately to form a level surface, requiring less plaster as compared with other masonry units. Sound Resistant--3 inch hollow Pyrobar plastered two sides has a sound transmission loss rating of 39.2 decibels. 4 inch hollow Pyrobar plastered two sides has a rating of 42.8 decibels. Ratings in excess of 50 decibels are obtainable with resilient lath and plaster facings on one side of Pyrobar tile, normal plastering on the opposite side. Economical--low material cost. .. goes up fast . . . fewer joints, saves up to 20% of plaster and up to 40% of mortar... easy to cut, less waste. LIMITATIONS OF USE 7. Do not use Pyrobar for load bearing construction. 2. Portland cement and lime mor tars do not bond adequately with Pyrobar. Use Red Top Partition Tile Cement. 3. Do not use portland cement or lime plasters over Pyrobar. Use Red Top Cement Plaster. Before applying portland cement bedding for ceramic tile, nail or staple metal lath to Pyrobar. Other types of masonry, such as structural clay tile also may be used as backing for ceramic tile. 4. Where concrete floor fill, grano lithic finish, terrazzo or other wet types of flooring or base materials are to be applied to the rough floor construction subsequent to installa tion of Pyrobar tile, a continuous coating of asphaltic material shall be applied from rough floor up to height of wet application on tile. ^ "O 2 ^ 'O q 17 LINTEL SCHEDULE: uiw cut nu comm wtoem AT OXJMO ntn nao nu DIRECTIONS FOR ERECTING Mortar Roquiremonlt: use Red Top Partition Tile Cement. Mix 1 part cement with 3 parts sand by weight. Mortar must not be retempered. Erection: after door bucks are erected and rough plumbing and wiring are in place, lay the first course, with core holes horizontally, by bedding in mortar to a true and straight line. Lay succeeding courses in approxi mately Yz in. thick mortar beds, uni formly level in each course, and with vertical joints staggered. Cut all joints flush. Anchor partitions to intersecting masonry walls 12j^ in. o. c. vertically, with corrugated wall ties or 16d or 20d cut nails in mortar joints. Wedge tightly at ceiling and slush all chinks and crevices full with mortar. 18 Anchor wood door bucks to the Pyrobar with 16d cut nails or three buck ties each side (approximately 12 in. from top and bottom and at center) laid in the mortar joints. Lin tel construction (See above) should be held about Y in. above head of wood buck and not slushed with mortar. Anchor steel door frames with proper ties, minimum of three each side (approximately 12 in. from top and bottom and at center), in mortar joints and slush space between tile and hollow frame with mortar. APPLICATION OF BASECOAT PLASTER Apply Red Top Cement Plaster mixed with 3 parts of sand by weight or 3 cu. ft. lightweight aggregate per 100 lbs. plaster to grounds. (See Pagejj-) Other Masonry Bases for laying up, although Red Top Partition Tile Cement can be used Clay Til* and Brick--materials pro where construction will not be ex duced by exposing a clay putty to posed to undue wetting. extreme heat until hardening has They are 60-80^ heavier in weight taken place. Clay tile is produced in than Pyrobar Partition Tile, and 12x12 in. size in thicknesses usually thickness for thickness, have a lower 2 to 6 in. with scored faces. fire resistance rating. Concrete Block--precast in molds using a slurry composed of cemen titious materials and an aggregate. It is generally produced in 8 x 16 in. size in thicknesses usually 3 to 12 Gypsum plaster may be applied di rect to these units providing the surface is porous to develop proper suction or scored to develop ade quate mechanical bond with plaster. in. and must have rough, porous Monolithic Concrete--many multi faces. Such units must be properly ple story fireproof buildings are cured to minimize volume changes constructed of poured reinforced f during and subsequent to plastering. concrete. Frequently, specifications These masonry plaster bases are require application of plaster base- f available iit units for constructing coats direct to the concrete. interior bearing and non-loadbear It is important, in order to secure ing partitions and should be used as proper bond between the concrete a backup for ceramic tile, terrazzo and gypsum plaster, that specifica f and cement bases. Portland cement- tions for this particular application lime sand mortar is generally used be strictly adhered to. (See page jg). PYROBAR Partition Tile Data Limiting Approximate Partition Tile Size of PYROBAR Partition Weight per Cement Required Partition Tile Height eg. ft. Tile per M sq. ft. Tile ir 2x 12x30 ht eoC#'' 10ft I 3x12x30 In. boflead4x12x30 in. heNoer 13 ft 17 ffc 6x12x30 h. holm - 30 ft 10 lb*. io ita. 13 %*. 20 B 500 Ibt. 700 lb*. 900 lb*. 1300 lb*. CP039 1971 >0 -N/ GP039 1973 USG METAL LATH USG Metal Lath is rust-resisting copper alloy sheet steel, slit and ex panded to form a multitude of small mesh openings. It is further pro tected by dipping the expanded sheet into black asphaltum paint. (Exception: 3.4 lb. diamond mesh when made from galvanized sheets.) ADVANTAGES OF USG METAL LATH 1. Strength and Reinforcing -- Metal lath embedded within the plas ter provides strength in a manner similar to steel reinforcement in con crete slabs, thus providing high resistance to transverse impact. It decreases the hazards of serious cracks and failures due to structural movement of the frame. 2. Flaxibla--Readily shaped to or namental contours to a degree not possible with other plaster bases. 3. Quality Plastering--It makes the use of over-aggregated plaster in the scratch coat impractical. 4. Economy--Intended for highest quality, fire resistant, durable plas tering with low maintenance costs. 5. Fir* Rotiitonco--Metal lath and gypsum plaster provide high fire ratings. USG COLOR MARKING SYSTEM USG Metal Lath is the newest devel opment in the metal lath industry. Ends of bundles are spray painted red for all 3.4 lb. lath, white for 2.5 lb. diamond mesh and 2.75 lb. }/% riblath, yellow for 4.0 lb. riblath. This makes warehousing, inventory and job distribution easier and posi tive. An architect may quickly and visually inspect a job to make sure the weight lath he specified is used. 21 USG JUNIOR Diamond Mesh Lath Siz: 27 in. x 96 in. A small mesh (approximately 11,000 meshes per yard) diamond pattern metal plastering base. A general ell purpose lath. Best for ornamentol, contour plastering. The small meshes conserve piaster and reduce drop pings. Weights: 2.5 lbs. (End Paint, White) and 3.4 lbs. (End Paint, Red) per square yard. Galvani* available in 3.4 lb. weight on Limitations of Use--Specii "self-furring" for use as stu$ base and 3.4 lb. galvanized wh additional corrosion resistance required. Also an ideal plash base for lathing over old plash surfaces. USG 3/8 in. Riblath Size: 27 in. x 96 in. A herringbone pottern mesh with H in. deep V-shaped ribs running lengthwise of the sheet at 4% In. intervals, with invert ed Intermediate 3/W in. ribs. The heavy ribs provide exceptional rigid ity. Used when supports are spaced more than 16 in. o.c. and net more than 24 in. o.c. and for 2 inch solid (studless) partitions. Desirable as a plaster base for heavy duty plastering. Used os centering and reinforcement for concrete floor and roof slabs. Weights: 3.4 lbs. (End Painted Red) and 4.0 lbs. (End Painted Yellow) per yard. Limitations of Use--Its extreme rigidity makes Vt in. Rib-lath un suitable for contour lathing. Use Junior Diamond Mesh Lath. 22 & 7 nfed ited lied USG 1/8-in. 4-Mesh Weights: 2.75 lbs. (End Painted Z- Riblathsoiy- Size: 27 in. x 96 in. White) and 3.4 lbs. (End Painted dfy Red) per square yard. JCCO A "flof rib" iyp* of lath with tmallor moth Limitations of Use--Use Junior iere opening*' An oxcolltnt nail-on lath, or for Diamond Mesh lath for contour e is llt-on work on flat coiling*. plastering. rfer ;ster ed 1 <n -o o u* sO r-- -4 O "0 o UJ o r-- >0 23 STRUCTURAL AND TRIM ACCESSORIES ' ^5 _* USG offers a complete line y cessories. All beads, base screed; picture mould made from 26 galvanized steel. 1-A Expanded Corner BeadN wide expanded flanges are e; flexed. Preferred for irregular ners. Provides increased reinfo ment close to nose of bead. 4-A Flexible Corner Bead~v general purpose corner bead, f nomicai and most generally used, snipping flanges, this bead maj bent to any curved design (for a, ways, telephone niches, etc.). 5- A Bull Nose Corner Bead. % in. radius bull nose bead short flange. Used for rounded; ners. Can be secured to corners t So. 9-A Corner Bead Clips attad to flanges, where wide nailing flan are required. 10-A Expanded Bull Nose Cos Bead--A bull nose bead similar above, but with ll/2 in- wide panded flanges. Especially suit* on corners where plaster base uneven. 3-A Expanded Flange Base Screw A flush type H in. ground (j shimmed to % inch grounds) w wide flexible expanded flanges : added reinforcement or for attar ment to uneven surfaces. Used a dividing point between plastered si faces and portland cement base. 6- A Plain Basa Screed--A fl type in. ground (job shimmed! % in. grounds), used at the juncta of different finishes. 7- A Curved Point Base Screed For use where base or wainscot is project beyond the plastered surfai Made for Yi in. plaster ground (j shimmed for % in. grounds) with in. projection for base or wainsa i ac;and :juge __Its easily . cororce- ,The co- j. By ' be arch- 4-A with j cor . with iched giges isrnor a to :e ex table # is sed(job with s for tacit J as a i sur- t- flush ;d for cture ted-- '.is to jt'ace. i (job :thy2 tscot. i o ~0 O <0 nO -J o 8-A Picture Mould--A concealed mould. Attached to lath and plas tered flush to the slotted opening. Grounds )4 in. (job shimmed for % in. grounds). USG 2 in. Partition Terminal--For use as a vertical partition terminal for 2 inch solid metal lath or Rock- lath partitions, or as a runner where 2 inch partitions abut an unplastered surface. Cap is of 18 gauge steel welded to a 24 gauge punched runner. Standard length 8'-2'. Prime coated. Lathing Channeli--Strong, light weight cold rolled channel sections used for furring, suspended ceilings, partitions, etc. Sizes: % in., 1)4 in. or 2 in. in 16 ft. or 20 ft. lengths. Weights: % in. 300 lbs. per M Lin. Ft., 1)4 in.. 514 lbs. per \1 Lin. Ft., 2 in. 625 lbs. per M Lin. Ft. Made of 16 gauge steel, black asphaltum painted. USG Selv-Edgo Cornarit* and Strip- lath--Cornerite is a 4 in. or 6 in. wide strip of 2.5 lb. copper alloy painted diamond mesh lath, bent to form a 100 angle, length 96 in. Striplath is a 4 in. or 6 in. wide strip of 2.5 lb. diamond mesh lath, copper alloy, painted, 96 in. long. Motal Door and Window Casing Boads--Used as a plaster stop and ground at window and door open ings, eliminating wood trim. No. Typo Flanga 4 quarter round expanded 138 quarter round short 60 semi square short or exp. 66 square short or exp. All expanded flange casings avail able in Yi and grounds; short flange in ]//, %' and grounds. All casings manufactured from 24 gauge galvanized steel and furnished in Y, 8' and 10' lengths. 25 GP039 1977 IMPORTANT Observe the minimum weights of lath tor spacing of supports listed in table below. Use only clean sand, perlite or vermiculite for plastering. Do not use unwashed salt water sand. When humidity is higher than nor mal and moisture or acid fumes are anticipated, contact your nearest USG Sales Office for proper recom mendations. How to Erect USG METAL LATH 1. Lath ceilings first with sheets carried down six inches on (, walls and partitions. If met*) is not used on the ceiling, then out metal lath six inches fro0 walls onto the ceiling plaster bj 2. Apply metal lath with lo6 mension of the sheet running, the studs, joists or furring chat Secure sheets by nailing along or joists or tieing to channels * more than six inch intervals. 3. On sidewalls, begin lathin top and continue downward, i sheets so that the lower sheet over the upper sheet. Diamondi USG METAL LATH TECHNICAL DATA TYPES AND WEIGHTS OF METAL LATH AND SPACING OF SUPPOR] Type of iat* Weight Per Squore Yard Type of Si. Diamond Math Diamond Mk Diamond Modi A' 4 Modi Z-Rib 'A' 4 Modi Z-Rtb H' Rib H' Rib 2,3 lb. 3.4 lb. 3.4 lb. 2.73 lb. 3.4 lb. 3.4 lb. 4.0 lb. Coppor i Coppor4 Gatvonta Coppor 4 Coppor A Coppor A Coppor A STUCCOMESH (31 STUCCOME5H 1.8 lb. 3.4 lb. Coppor M Coppor AJ Not** ()) Copper alloy lath contains from 0.2% to 0.25% para copper. (2) Galvanized lath is cut from galvanized sheets. (3) STUCCOMESH generally applied over exterior sheathing. 26 (. S C .1 the ; lath carry a the i=e. g di;cross r.nels. studs it not ag at place : laps mesh I | 1 ITS tl toy (1) toy 412) toy I | | toy 1 toy 1 toy | Joy | a -o o & sO -4 CO lath is carried around corners at least one stud spacing. 4. Riblath on both sidewalls and ceilings is applied with ribs against the supports. 5. Lap diamond mesh at sides not less than j-J in. and at ends not less than t in. Riblath is lapped at sides by nesting outside ribs, and at ends by lapping not less than 1 in. 6. Tie all side laps with 18 gauge tie wire at least midway between joist or stud supports, but at not more than 9 in. intervals. 7. Ends of sheets generally should occur over supports; if between, ends of sheets must be securely laced together with 18 gauge tie wire. 8. Staggering of sheets is preferred, but not essential. How to Nail (JSG METAL LATH DIAMOND MESH and V," 4 MESH Z-RIBIATH On wall*--4d common nails driven Y in. and bent to engage three strands, or 1 in. in. head roofing nails, or 1 in. No. 14 wire staples. On ceiling*--lj^ in. No. 11 gauge, K in. head barbed roofing nails. V* IN. RIBLATH On wall*--4d common nails driven through the rib or 6d common nails driven Y in. and bent over the rib. On calling*--\Y in. No. 11 gauge Size Sheets 27'x 94' 27'x 94' 27'* 94' 27'* 94' 27'x 94' 27'x 94' 27'x 94' 48'x 99* 48' x 99' Wood 14' 14' 14' 14' 19' 24' 24' 14'(3) 14' (3) Maximum Allowable Spacing* Vertical Support* Horizontal Support* Mold Solid Partition* Others (5) Wood or Concrete Metal 14' 14' 14' 14' 24' 24' 24' 12* 14' 14' 14' 19* 24' 24' (4) 16' 16' 16' 19' 24' 24' (4) 13)4' 13'A' 12' 19' 24' 24' All motal loth (except galvanized) is painted with a rust-inhlbifiv# black asphalfum paint. (4) Not recommended, except for firoproofing of doel shapmt. (5) Including vrticol furring. 27 GP039 1979 lii in. head barbed roofing nail feet = 3,000 square feet. Div, driven through the rib. 9 to determine square yards of Lathing nails--for 16 in. stud lath required. i spacing, nailing 6 in, o.c. requires approximately 17 nails per sq. yd. Assume standard suspended, construction of 1H in. runner Tie-Up Work nels 4 feet apart, and % in. f channels either 12 in. or 16 in. depending on type and wei| For tying metal lath to channels use metal lath used. 18 gauge galvanized annealed tie wire. For tying channels to channels (horizontal or vertical construction) use 4 strands of 18 gauge or 2 strands of 16 gauge galvanized an 2. Quantity of \x/2 in. chain feet apart--divide square fooi by 3.2 (3,000 divided by 3.; lineal feet). nealed tie wire. 3. Quantity of % in. channels Estimating Quantities apart--multiply square foot at 1.1. (3,000 x 1.1 = 3,300 lineal For Sutpondod Coiling*--The fol lowing "rule of thumb" method will be found helpful in making a quick approximate quantity estimate. I. Determine surface area in square feet. Example: ceiling area 30 x 100 4. Quantity of z/\ in. channels apart--multiply square foot as 0.8. (3,000 x 0.8 = 2,400 lineal 3. Figure tie wire at approxin 10 pounds per 100 square yai lathing. Nail Data lorfcod Baodiitf Molt ($W in. hood) Co--an Mote length 1 in. m *. 4d 6d Gauge Mol 11 No. 11 No. 12V* No. 11V* No. per 27* 16T 316 16K 28 oS de by. jietal filing chan ging jpart, ;bt of ids 4 ; area *.990 12 in. .ea by feet.) .16 in. ea by feet.) jately jds of >o CO o SIZE AND SPACING OF HANGERS FOR SUSPENDED CEILINGS Maxima Calling Ana Maximum Caatar ra Center Snppsrtad par Hangar Spaaing at Hangars No.9GougaCalvanixad Wlra I3H aq. ft. No. 8 GougaGaivanuad Wirs 16 sq. a Hi' Mild Sisal Rod (I) (2) j Vi'MHdSlaaI Rod (I) (2) [ 25 aq. ft. Ht'x I'MRdStaaiHot(I)(2) 1 4 ft. x 3 ft.; 3Vi ft. > ft. 4 ft. x 4 ft.; S ft. x 3 ft. 6ax4ft.,7ft.x3Vi ft.;8ft.x3ft (1) Gatvonixed rods and mat lafdbbfre painted or gohronliad drops recommended where aarara moisture conditions may occur. (2) Not miniilodiirad or ruppllad by Unltad Stataa Gypsem Company. SIZE AND SPACING OF MAIN RUNNERS Slsa A Typa Wsight par 1000 Uaeol Peat Maximom Spacing at Hangars along sonars Caafar fa Canfar Spacing of Roaaara 1 Vi'Odd RoAed Choonet 314 lbs. 1 Vi' Hot Mad Choanal (2) 1120 lbs. 2' Odd RaMad Olonnal 2' Hot RoRadCbatuial (?) 623 11m. 1260 tbs. 2 Vi ' Hot RoRod Ghomal (2) 1300 lbs. 2 Vi * Hot Railed Gumai (2) 2270 lbs. 4a 3a 3a 6 ft. 7 ft. 8 ft. Up to 4 ft. Up to 4 ft. Up to 4 a Up to 4 ft. Up to 3Vi ft. Up to 3 ft. 2) Not momrfodnrod or nippUad by UnMad Stataa Gypana Company. STEEL STUD PARTITIONS (PER 100 SO. YDS.--ANY CEILING HEIGHT) UumI Mt f Cgm gc Rmt Imrit Rr^rM Whb Spociog of Sfoda Apprsxlmete Uaeol feet of Sleds Required 900 + ceUng height 12 K SoflM 16 in. Soma 19K Soma 24 in. loth ona aid#-- 100 aq. yds. raqsIrsdL loth two tidaa--200 sq. yds. reqi 910 IK a 673 IK a 370 IK ft. 435 IK a 29 I8 fc l 6t0d3 weary r.afir. - 4 Basecoat Plasters RED TOP Gypsum Basecoat Plasters Aggregates Mixing--Application Important Job Procautions RED TOP Cement Plaster RED TOP STRUCTO-UTE Plaster RED TOP BONDCRETE Plaster RED TOP Wood Fiber Plaster Portland Cement Plasters PAGE 32 38 38 39 39 * 41 l i ' GP039 1982 Basecoat plasters are applied to bases of masonry or lath and support the finish coat. Their primary functions are to cover the base, receive the finish coat, and tie together all units into a durable continuous slab. Of the three general types of basecoat plasters, gypsum plas ter is by far the most modem and widely used. Portland cement plaster excels for a few specialized uses, while lime plasters-- very- limited in use--have been largely replaced by gypsum and Portland cement. 31 Gypsum Basecoat Plasters ADVANTAGES Uniform--setting time is stabilized. Hazards due to job conditions and variables in water and aggregates are minimized. Controlled set as sures maximum hardness and high strength. Fireproof--gypsum is incombusti ble, will not transmit high tempera tures until completely calcined. It actually fights fire by retarding spread of flame. Plostie--gypsum base coats are highly workable and easy to apply. Strong--capable of withstanding normal wear and abuse for the life time of the building. Adaptable--gypsum bonds firmly to any approved plaster base and will take most any type of finish coat. Economical-v-high coverage with minimum effort. Easily worked and mixed. GENERAL LIMITATIONS OF USE 1. Aggregate must be added strictly according to specifications. Use of too much aggregate reduces the strength of the plaster slab. .2 Red Top Cement, STRUCTO- LITE or Wood Fiber Plasters should never be applied to concrete. Use Bondcrete as required according to directions. 3. Red Top Plasters should not be used on exteriors exposed to the ele ments, or on interiors where sive water or moisture is expeq Use Portland cement-lime plasty 4. Bituminous compounds do , provide a good base for gyp, plaster basecoats. Therefore, do , apply such plasters to masonry and concrete that have been trea; with these compounds. 5. Because of possible moisture p densation or water seepage, db plastering to the inside of exter masonry walls is not recommend Such walls should be furred prior plastering. 6. When used in conjunction Radiant Heating systems, the te perature at the surface of pla* shall not exceed 115 F, nor si water in the pipes embedded in t plaster exceed 125 F. Gypsum-s* plaster has approximately tbr times the conductivity of gypsu lightweight aggregate plasters. Aggregates Aggregates in the form of sand--ai more recently, perlite and vermic lite--are added to gypsum cemt plasters to extend coverage and r duce cost. They also act as a gaugi agent to minimize shrinking of gy sum in setting. The proper use and proportions of aggregates with gypsum plast determine the ultimate strength a 32 e.ices- iCted. iter. :0 not ...psum jo not , walls ;eated $ condirect iterior :ended. :rior to a with k templaster jr shall i in the jn-sand r three ypsum5. :d--and .ermicucement and re gauging of gyp- 4 irtioning ] plaster 3gth and <n -0 0 VjJ >0 hardness of a plastered wall. Typical compressive and tensile strengths that result with use of sand and lightweight aggregates (perlite, vermiculitei in varying piaster mixes are shown in the chart on following page. Ths American Society for Testing Mate rial in ASTM Designation C35-54T has established the following specifications as standard for the proper gradation of good plastering aggregate: P*rcftta9 8**ofn*d on lach Sieve Slav* ill* Porllt*, by v*l. vm Varmlc* wilt* by volum* Sand, by w*ieh Max No. 4 . - 0 No. 8 . 5 No. 16 ; 45 No. 30. .1 85 No. 50 .1 95 No. 100. 1 100 Min 6 10 4J 73 SB Max 0 10 75 95 98 100 Min 0 40 65 75 90 Max 0 1 30 65 95 100 Min a 5 30 65 90 SAND Sand is the most commonly used plaster aggregate because it is eco nomical and widely available. Proper proportioning and gradation of sand are most important in determining bulk and working qualities of plaster, and the ultimate quality of the fin ished wall. Over-sanding or the use of an excessive amount of fine sand reduces the strength and hardness of gypsum plasters. VERMICULITE is mined as a mica rock, ground and expanded under heat into lightweight granules for use as a plaster aggre gate. It should weigh between 7^ lbs. and 10 lbs. per cubic foot and comply in gradation with ASTM designation C35-54T Inorganic Ag gregate for use in Interior Plaster. Walls plastered with gypsum plas- Recommended Proportioning & Coverage OypiM CmhmI Master (wsIgM) Oypawn Comont Mmtar (TOO Dm.) tend (weight) or PnUM or VormicvWo (cu. ft.) flasMr Bos* Two Coat Work Scrafch-Doubia Beck Gypivm Lath 1.2 Vi MoM loth Unit Masonry 1.3 Throo Coot Work Scratch coat Brown Coat 1.2 1.2 '** 1>* Cerorago Bongo S9. Yds. fr Tors- . . / 175.23a '*0-125- 175-200 GPO39 \ Relative Strength of Various Plaster Mixes Wood 1 Flbor Mix Comprowiva Stroogth lb*, par sq. inch Naat 2100 Camant P1ailr H oator ta Sand by Walght 1:1 1:2 1:3 Camant Plosfar VormicirfHo por 100# Ctmont Plotter 2 cu. ft. 3 cu. fr. Camant Plap( PortHo ' por 100# Camanf Pfatiq 2 cu. ft. 3 cu. i 1900 1200 750 500 300 1000 6) Tamila Sfrangfh lb&. par sq. indi 400 245 170 120 130 90 165 1 Whan fha proper amount of aggregate has been used, each grain of aggregate is cement* on oil sides to its neighbors by the gypsum. When the proportion of aggregate to plaster excessive, the aggregate is not properly cemented. See illustrations below. ter containing vermiculite as an ag gregate have lower strength and re quire a longer period for drying than walls of sanded plaster, but are lighter in weight and have greater fire resistance. Where hard finish coats (Keenes cement) are to be used, reduce the proportion of vermiculite to gypsum plaster in the basecoat. Vermiculite is proportioned with gypsum plaster on a volume of aggregate to weigj of plaster basis, and the proportioj ing should be in strict compliant with the table on Page 33. PERLITE Perlite is a lightweight plaster aj gregate produced from a volcanj rock. The perlite ore is ground an screened to proper size, then ei panded to produce a light grey o white colored aggregate. Perlite a< PROPER AMOUNT OF AGGREGATE EXCESSIVE AGGREGATE gregate for plastering should weigh plaster, the aggregate and the water between 7]'2 and 15 lbs. per cubic more evenly. p foot. It should meet ASTM C35-54T Inorganic Aggregate for use in In Machine Mixing--place the required / terior Plaster. It has excellent fire- water in the mixer. Add approxi resisting qualities and when mixed mately half the required aggregate. with gypsum plaster it provides a Add all the plaster. Add the balance t higher strength plastered wall than of the aggregate. If necessary add does vermiculite. (See comparative more water to obtain the proper con strengths of various basecoat plas sistency. Mix not less than 1 minute $ ters, page 34.) or more than 3, depending on the Perlite is added to gypsum plaster speed of the mixer. Dump the entire on a volume of perlite to weight of batch at once. Clean the mixer thor a plaster and should be proportioned in strict accordance with specifica oughly when not in use or continuous operation. <td /it tions. Box Mixing--dry mix plaster and aggregate together until completely Not#: See limitations, pages 32 and blended. Add water, and hoe plaster *t n- 37, if perlite or vermiculite aggregate is to be us^d with plaster on radiant into the water until thoroughly mixed to proper consistency. ;ce heating jobs. PLASTER GROUNDS AND WATER THICKNESS All gypsum plasters require the addi To attain proper wall strength it is ig- fic tion of water on the job. Water pro vides lubrication and workability to essential that the plaster slab be jd permit application to the plaster applied to the proper thickness. This is controlled by the use of grounds. ti- base. It also induces the proper set or ting of gypsum. As a general rule, Grounds should be set to provide a minimum plaster thickness of: ag any water fit to drink is suitable for (a) Yi inch over gypsum lath; (b) mixing with plaster. . % inch over gypsum partition tile, MIXING brick, clay tile or other masonry, Gypsum basecoat plasters may be (c) % inch over metal lath when machine or hand mixed. The former measured from the back of the lath is preferred because it disperses the (% inch from face of the lath). GP039 1986 GP039 1985 35 APPLICATION of RED TOP PLASTERS Plastering specifications may require either two-coat or three-coat work. Two-Coat Work consists of one base coat and one finish coat. It is gen erally used over a masonry plaster base and often over gypsum lath. The basecoat plaster is applied in one coat by either the "single-foot" or the "scratch-double-back" method to slightly less than the thickness of the grounds. It is rodded and darbied to a true, even surface left rough enough to take the finish coat. Three-Coat Work consists of a scratch coat, a brown coat and a finish coat. Three coats are required over fiber insulating or metal lath. The first or "scratch1' coat properly aggregated is applied to a thickness of approximately % inch over the face of the lath and then cross-raked before it sets. This provides a me chanical key for the brown coat. The brown coat is then applied directly to the set scratch coat. The brown coat is used to fill out to just slightly below the grounds and is rodded and darbied to a true, even surface. It is left rough enough to properly receive the finish coat. IMPORTANT JOB PRECAUTIONS 1. Equipment and Storage of Ma terials-- All successful plaster jobs require adequate equipment (mortar boxes, mortar boards, scaffolding and tools). Every job should be properly planned to provide ample scaffolding to permit continuous application, both basecoat and finish plasters jt a complete panel of either a wall0 ceiling. Keep all mixing tools cleat Wash them in clear water only. Keq plaster stored in a dry location. Staq on planks raised off the ground a& away from damp walls or floors. 2. Heating--Plaster must not 1> applied to surfaces that contain frost A minimum temperature of 55 F should be maintained in the building for an adequate period prior to, dur. ing and after the application of tbt plaster. In cold, damp or rainy weather, properly regulated hear should be provided, but precaution) must be taken against too rapid drying before set has occurred. This avoids "dry outs." 3. Ventilation--As soon as the plas ter has set, free circulation of air should be provided to avoid '`sweat outs." After plaster has set, heating should be continued to insure as rapid drying as possible. In hot, dry weather, protect the plaster from wind, and from drying unevenly or too rapidly before set has taken place. If glazed sash are not in posi tion, exterior openings in the build ing should be screened with cheese cloth or similar material. 4. Finishing Over Lightweight Aggregate Basecoat*--The use of lightweight aggregates (perlite and vermiculite) with gypsum basecoat plasters often results in a basecoat 36 N imnaitimk-ir- ------- having a high suction (because of higher porosityIn applying a finish coat over this high suction base, the water in the finish coat is quickly sucked into the thirsty basecoat making application of finish difficult, due to loss of easy working charac teristics of the finish-plaster. Further more the finish coat is sometimes susceptible to severe check cracking, because water is sucked out before gauging plaster is set -- thereby nulli fying purpose of the gauging plaster (provide initial set to avoid possible shrinkage of the lime-puttv finish). Xecessarv precautions should be taken to apply finish coat plaster before the basecoat becomes thor oughly dry. When a basecoat has become bone dry, before finishing, spray lightly with water to eliminate the excessive suction of the basecoat, then apply finish coat. 5. Radiant Heating--The Gypsum Association makes the following rec ommendations when radiant heat ing coils are specified for use in a ceiling or are to be embedded in the plaster slab. a. In all radiant panel heating sys tems where gypsum plaster or gyp sum products are concerned, the surface temperature shall not exceed 115 degrees F. In those systems where pipes are embedded in gypsum plaster, this shall be met by requir ing the water temperature in the pipes in contact with the plaster not to exceed 125 degrees F. (Xole: The 125F maximum -water temperature is I5F below that rec ommended in the ASHACE Guide to avoid possibility oj calcination of the gypsum.) b. Radiant heating coils should not be used to heat the building or dry the plaster slab in which they are imbedded. The heating system should only be turned on and brought up to operating temperatures very slowly ajter the plaster slab is thoroughly dry. c. Where heating elements are em bedded in gypsum plaster, a mini mum cover of Vf shall be maintained over the coils. d. In radiant panel heating systems where the pipes are to be embedded in plaster applied to metal lath or gypsum lath, these pipes shall be supported by the framing and not by the lath. e. Gypsum plaster, when used with radiant panel heating systems, shall be mixed and applied in accordance with the ASA A42.1 "Standard Spec ifications for Gypsum Plastering." The design of a radiant panel heat ing system is the responsibility of a heating engineer, and the lathing and plastering specifications must be established by the designer. There fore, lightweight aggregates (vermiculite and perlite) or mill mixed plasters incorporating them (Structolite), should not be used unless the heating engineer, heating contractor or architect have designed the heat ing system for their use, as light weight aggregates offer greater re sistance to the flow of heat than plasters mixed with sand. 37 GP039 1988 RED TOP Cement Plaster This is a "neat" gypsum plaster which requires the addition of an aggregate (sand, vermiculite, per lite) and water on the job. It is the most common base coat plaster be cause job-addition of aggregate gen erally provides low cost. It is used for both scratch and brown coat work, and for application over all approved plaster bases. 1 RED TOP S CfMlWT ^ *|i plasty* Red Top Cement Plaster is avail able in three types: Regular for sand aggregate--hand application; LW Formula for light weight aggregate-- hand application; Red Top Cement Plaster--Machine application. Ma chine Application Formula works satisfactorily with either sand or light weight aggregate." It is usually desirable to use fibered plaster for scratch coat work on metal lath. It helps hold plaster mortar to lath until set takes place. Unfibered plaster is suitable for use over all other bases. The use of fiber in plaster stems from its use with lime base coat plasters years ago. Lime does not* and requires a long period of time, harden. Consequently fiber was $ cessary to add cohesiveness to y mass. ADVANTAGES Red Top Cement Plaster is fireproo adaptable, plastic, uniform ag strong. It is perhaps the most etg nomical base coat plaster in use tod*) LIMITATIONS see general limitations noted on paj 32. Job-addition of aggregates mu be in strict accord with gradatin and proportioning specifications. RED TOP STRUCTO-LITE Plaster This is a mill-prepared base coai plaster using a properly graded and proportioned perlite aggregate. It g ready for use with the addition water only on the job. Red Top Structo-Lite is aval able in several types: Regular and Masonry for hand application; Reg. ular and Masonry for machine ap plication. ` R ED TOP' \ STRMCTQ-U7E j ; OVMttM -o o 4 *6 09 38 ADVANTAGES Controlled proportioning of a prop erly graded and sized perlite aggre gate. Weighs much less than plaster and sand aggregate. Less than half the weight on wall. More fireproof. Offers fire ratings almost double those attained with plaster and sand. Mill formulation reduces suction to that of plaster and sand, assures easy application of the finish coat. Job-muted lightweight aggregates often create considerable suction for finish coat work. Stabilized set. LIMITATIONS Machine types of Red Top StructoLite must be applied by machine. Do not hand-apply. See general limitations page 32. of plaster sanded 1:3 (see page 34); approximately 50% greater surface hardness; 50 to 100% greater fire rating than plasters containing sand. Highly desirable for use where good plastering sand is not available, and for alteration, patch and repair work. LIMITATIONS see general limitations page 32. RED TOP Wood Fiber Plaster This is a mill prepared base coat plaster containing a wood fiber ag gregate and requiring the addition of water only on the job. Over masonry surfaces, one part sand by weight may be added for easier work ing qualities, and to minimize shrink age cracks. ADVANTAGES Red Top Wood Fiber Plaster is rec ommended for use where excessive strength, toughness, or a higher fire rating is required. It has: three times the compressive and tensile strength RED TOP BONDCRETE Plaster This is a specially formulated gyp sum base coat plaster requiring only the addition of water on the job. It is the only recommended base coat plaster for application to properly prepared, rough monolithic concrete. ADVANTAGES unlike normal gypsum base coat plas ters, Bondcrete has thermal expan sion equal to concrete, which pro vides continuous bond to this type surface. 39 GP039 1990 bondcrctf | cypsum pwm f for CONCRFtl LIMITATIONS Bondcrete should be used only on rough concrete that is properl)' pre pared tor plastering. It should never be applied to smooth concrete. Maximum thickness of Bondcrete and finish coat should not exceed ^ in. on ceilings, and % in. on walls. If additional thickness is required, metal lath must be prop erly secured to the concrete surfaces before applying the plaster. Surface Preparation -- monolithic concrete surfaces should be brushcleaned of all dust, loose particles and other foreign matter. Any laitanee and efflorescence should be re moved by washing with a 10^ solu tion of commercial muriatic acid and water. Grease or form oil should be removed by wiping with naphtha spirits. If surfaces are not rough enough to provide necessary mechanical key, they should be hacked or bushhammered: or a dash-coat of port land cement grout composed of I part of cement and \ l/i parts of fine sand fmixed to a mushy consistency may be applied. Keep this coat datnj for at least 2 days immediately foj lowing application and then alloi to dry. Before application of Bon& Crete, the surface should be evenh dampened to provide proper suction Application to Concrote Ceilings^ apply coat of Bondcrete Plaster scratching in thoroughly, doublin( back and filling out to true, even sur. face left rough by brooming t receive the finish coat. Application to Walls and Columns --apply a scratch coat of Bo.vd. CRETE. Follow with a brown coat of gypsum plaster (t part Red Toj Cement Plaster to not more than J parts of sand by weight) troweled into the scratch coat before it hai set. Bring out to grounds and level to true, even surface using rod and darby. It is then ready to receive the finish coat. Total thickness of plaster should not exceed ^ in. Portland Cement-Lime Base Coat Plaster Portland cement, with the addition of lime to provide working qualities and water resistance, is frequently mixed with sand and water to forma plaster mortar. It is chiefly used as a base coat for exterior stucco and in places subject to excessive moisture such as swimming pools, showen dairies and steam rooms, and as back up material for ceramic tile. 40 LIMITATIONS Portland cement-lime base coat plas ter is comparatively unplastic and hard to apply, thus high in cost. It must be kept damp to properly cure and prevent drying out and cracking. Several days delay between coats is necessary- to assure proper curing and hardening. Mixing and Application -- Mix scratch coat in the proportion of one bag of portland cement, two bags of Mortaseal or Red Top Masons Hydrated Lime (2 cu. ft. lime putty) and not more than cu. ft. of sand (approximately 40 No. 2 shovels). For application over stucco mesh or self-furring metal lath, approximately two pounds of hair or fiber should be added to each mix. Mix brown coat in the proportion of one bag of portland cement, two bags Mortaseal or Red Top Masons Hydrated Lime (2 cu. ft. lime putty) and not more than 9 cu. ft. of sand, approximately 50 N'o. 2 shovels). Scratch coat should be applied in a full in. thickness with sufficient pressure to form a good bond with masonry surface or to force it through and completely embed the stucco mesh or metal lath. Cross scratch, and after set, damp cure for not less than 48 hours. Brown coat should be applied over the dampened scratch coat to a full Y >n- thickness with sufficient pres sure to form good bond. Rod the brown coat level, and broom the sur face to provide key for the finish coat. After set, damp cure at least 48 hours before applying the finish coat. (See Oriental Exterior Stucco for finish coat, page 4Q). Curing--damp cure each, coat by applying water in a fine tog spray. Apply only as much water as is readily absorbed. The frequency of spraying depends on the weather, with more frequent applications re quired during hot, dry or windy weather. Finishing Plasters PAGE Gypsum-Lime Puffy Trowel Finish 44 Keene's Cement-lime Puffy 46 Gypsum Trowel Finish 47 STRUCTO-GAUGf Lime Puffy 47 Gypsum Sand-Float Finish 48 ORIB4TAL inferior Finish 49 ORIENTAL Extorter Finish 49 SABIN1TE Acoustical Piaster USG HI-UTE Acoustical Piaster 51 53 RED TOP AUDICOTE Acoustical Plaster 54 L Finish-coat plasters applied to basecoats (generally of gypsum * plaster) provide the surface for final wall or ceiling decoration. They are either factory prepared, requiring the addition of water only; or they may be job-mixed by blending lime putty ~ and gauging plaster, or Keene's Cement or Structo- Gauge. Finish-coat plasters are normally applied to a thickness of *4 inch for trowel finishes, up to }/g inch for float finishes and Al inch for acoustical plaster finishes. Finish-coat plasters are selected according to job requirements for texture, color, hardness, sound absorption and type of base coat. 43 GP039 1993 I Finishing Plasters Gypsum-Lime Putty Finishes Finish lime putty into which is blended a gypsum gauging plaster is commonly known as "white coat." It is the most widely used finish coat because of its good working qualities, whiteness, economy and ability to take any form of decoration. Usually it is troweled to a smooth hard sur face over a gypsum base coat. With the addition of sand, it is adaptable for sand-float finishes. FINISHING LIMES Made from specially selected lime stone rock of high purity, the most popular finishing limes come from the dolomitic fields in northwestern Ohio. They have excellent working qualities. There are three types of finishing limes: (1) double hydrate, (2) normal hydrate and (3) quick lime. Each requires specific handling in slaking or soaking to produce a good finish ing lime putty. Double Hydrate Finish Lime Usually made from Ohio dolomitic limestone. It is over 92% hydrated during manufacture which eliminates troubles from delayed hydration, ex pansion and separation in the wall. Upon mixing with water, double hy drate finish lime immediately devel ops high plasticity. Thus, overnight soaking is unnecessary. ADVANTAGES Can be mixed with water by hand or with mechanical mixer. Becomes highly plastic right away. Easy working; uniform; white. Eliminates troubles from delayed hydration. USG Brand--Ivory Finishing Liiq (Genoa, Ohio). Normal Hydrate Finish Lime generally made from Ohio dolomitic limestone, it is the most widely used today. Although hydrated in manu. facture, overnight soaking is still necessary to develop workability and plasticity. ADVANTAGES economical, uniform, easy working, white and plastic. LIMITATIONS Requires overnight soak. USG Bronds--Grand Prize and Red Top Finish Hydrate (Genoa, Ohio). Finish Quicklime is usually made from high calcium limestone. It is produced and used in areas where it is not economical to ship from the Ohio lime fields. Quicklime or "hot" lime requires slaking and relatively long periods of soaking for complete hydration and to develop the plasticity neces sary for easy application. 44 13 ADVANTAGES economical because of its high putty yield. Easy working. LIMITATIONS Requires long slaking period. Unless handled carefully can cause serious burns in handling. USG Brand--Red Top Finish Quick lime (Texas). GAUGING PLASTERS Lime does not "set" but hardens slowly. It likewise shrinks on drying. Therefore, gauging plaster is blended into the lime putty in proper propor tion to provide controlled set and strength, and to avoid shrinkage cracks when used as a finish coat. Red Top Gauging Plasters are carefully ground and screened to just the right particle sizes to make this plaster quick soaking and easy to blend with lime putty. Gypsum gauging plasters are avail able in "quick set" and "slow set," making it possible for the mechanic to use the material which best suits him. This makes it unnecessary to add retarder or accelerator for regu lating the set of the finish. They are available as white gauging and local gauging which is somewhat darker in color. For brilliant white finishes, white gauging plaster should be used. MIXING A APPLICATION Gauging plaster is added to the lime putty in the proportion of one part of dry gauging to not more than 3 parts of lime putty by volume, or one part of dry gauging to not more than 2 parts of dry hydrated lime by weight. (Mixing on board--use 2 quarts of water in putty ring for each 12 qt. bucket of lime putty. One hod of lime putty equals approximately 36 qts. A 12 qt. bucket of lime putty, 35-40 lbs., contains 18-20 lbs. of hydrated lime on dry weight basis. Sift sufficient gauging plaster into this water to completely soak up the water.) After the gauging plaster is sifted into the lime putty ring and allowed to soak a few minutes, the materials are thoroughly blended to avoid gaug ing "streaks" and to provide uniform density in the finish coat. In addition to commonly accepted good prac tices, the addition of a few scoops of clean, fine, silica sand or perlite fines to each gauging will improve the working qualities and provide additional insurance against finish coat check or map cracking. The gauged lime putty is applied over a partially dry gypsum base coat. Scratch in a thin coat, well ground into the base coat, and im mediately double back with a second coat, filling imperfections. (A third or thin "sweetening coat" is sometimes applied to fill in any further imper fections that remain after the second coat has "taken up.") After the base coat has sucked most of the excess water from the finish, it is troweled to densify the surface and help elim inate check cracks. As final set takes place, it is water-troweled thoroughly to pro vide a dense, smooth surface suitable for decoration. GP039 1995 45 Keene's Cement-Lime Finish Red Top Keene's Cement is a high strength, white gypsum plaster used with finish lime putty for extremely hard, dense surfaces. Although Keene's Cement is a gypsum material, it differs from other gypsum plasters in several particulars; it is slow-setting; it is the only gypsum plaster that can be re-tempered; and the finish coat re quires more troweling. Red Top Quick-Troweling Keene's sets faster and requires less trowel ing. It must be used with a minimum of 25 lbs. of dry hydrated lime per 100 lbs. of Keene's Cement. Keene's-Lifne Finish is similar in S5 RED TOP KEENE8 . CEMENT many respects to a time-gauging fin. ish except that Keene's Cement ia used in varying proportions, depend, ing on hardness required, in place of gauging plaster. Keene's-lime finish should be used where greater resist, ance to moisture, and greater surface hardness and resistance to abrasion are desired--as in hospitals, kitch ens, bathrooms and corridors. For medium hard finish, mix in the proportion of 50 lbs. of dry hydrated lime (100 lbs. lime putty) to 100 lbs. of Keene's Cement. For hard finish, limit the quantity of lime to 25 lbs. of dry hydrated lime (50 lbs. lime putty) to 100 lbs. of Keene's Cement. APPLICATION the finish coat is applied over a set base coat which has been broomed and is partially dry. (If base coat has dried out, spray with water before finishing; do not soak). Scratch in a thin coat well ground into the base coat and immediately double back with a second coat filled out to a true, even surface. Allow to draw up a few minutes, then trowel with water to a smooth glossy finish, free of cat faces and other blemishes. Continue troweling until finish has set. AVAILABLE USO BRANDS RID TOP CHAMPION Gauging Plotter (while) RED TOP STAR Gauging Platter (white) RED TOP Oauglng Platter (gray) RED TOP Oauglng Platter (grey) RED TOP Regular Ktent't Cement (white) RID TOP Quick Troweling Keene't Cement (white) USO STRUCTO-OAUGI SET WITH LIME PUTTY Quick tut--20-30 min. Slew tel--43-40 min. Slew tat--45-40 min. Oulck tat--20-30 min. 3-4 heurt 1-2 heurt 1-1% hour. 46 LIMITATIONS to a smooth finish, free of all blem For interior uses only. Where ex ishes. All troweling must be com posure to water is extreme or con pleted before final set. Clean tools tinuous, use Portland cement-lime and equipment immediately after plaster. Apply Red Top Keene's each mix. Cement only over gypsum base coats of high compressive strength. LIMITATIONS Same as for Keene's cement-lime fin STRUCTO-GAUGE Lime Finish USG Structo-Gauge is a new high ishes. Gypsum Trowel Finish strength gypsum gauging plaster for Red Top Gypsum Trowel Finish is * use with varying proportions of lime mill-prepared and requires the addi putty to produce surfaces of extreme tion of water only. It is recommended hardness and durability. for use over gypsum base coats where Wherever Keene's Cement is used, hardness and immediate decoration Structo-Gauge Lime Finish may are required. Red Top Trowel Fin be used. With a faster set than quick ish is available in most areas and is troweling Keene's Cement, easier recognized for its easy working qual working characteristics and higher ities and pure white finish. lime proportions, StructoGauge finishes are more economical than any other hard finish. With the same proportions of lime, Structo-Gauge finishes achieve much greater hard ness than a comparable Keene's Cement-Lime Finish. For medium hard finish, mix in the proportions of 100 lbs. dry Structo- Gacge to 200 lbs. dry hydrated lime. * For hard finish, mix in the propor tions of 100 lbs. dry Structo-Gauge to 100 lbs. dry hydrated lime. APPLICATION Apply over a partially dry gypsum base coat. Scratch in a thin coat, well ground into the base and immediate ly double back with a second coat, filling imperfections. Water trowel ADVANTAGES rated one of the hardest of all finish plasters, it provides protection against the most severe wear. It has approxi- GP039 1997 47 1 1 1 GP039 1998 mately twice the surface hardness of ordinary lime-gauging finishes. N'onalkaline, it will not injure paint or decoration and may be decorated as soon as it has set and dried. Made of gypsum, it provides a durable and natural bond to gypsum base coat plaster. MIXING AND APPLICATION Red Top Trowel Finish requires the addition of water only. Allow to soak to or 15 minutes and then mix to a smooth, lump-free mortar of the de sired consistency. Apply over a gypsum base coat which has set, but is not bone dry. (If base coat has dried out. spray lightly, before the finish coat is ap plied. Do not soak.) Scratch in thor oughly, double back and fill out to true, even surface. The finish should not exceed ^ in. thickness. Trowel the surface free of cat faces and other blemishes, using water spar ingly. Troweling must be complete before final set occurs. Work from unset edges to avoid joining marks. Gypsum Sand-F!oat Finish Red Top Sand Float Finish is similar in every respect to gypsum trowel finish, except that it is carefully for mulated with the correct proportion of properly graded sand. This pro vides a uniform, easy-working ma terial which eliminates the uncer tainty of job-mixed sand-float fin ishes. Available in its natural gray color, which requires painting for final decoration. Select lime-proof colors may be added which eliminates further decoration. APPLICATION same as for gypsum trowel finish ex. cept that the final coat is finished with a wood, carpet, cork or rubber float depending on texture desired. Colored Finish Plasters Colored gypsum finish plasters art frequently used to produce a pre decorated finish of either a finely floated or textured surface. Use o| colored gypsum finish plasters elimi nates the need for further surface decoration. This speeds the plaster, ing job and results in lower costs. CoL ored gypsum finish plasters are avail, able in either factory-prepared colon or they can be produced on the job. JOB PREPARED FINISHES require addition of limeproof color pigments on the job to proper pro portions of lime putty, aggregate and Keene's Cement. In mixing this ma terial for a job, the lime-proof color should be thoroughly blended and mixed with the plaster to prevent color streaking and variation. It is also necessary to mix job-prepared colored interior finishes in sufficient quantities to complete a job. This eliminates color variation which would result from trying to mix a second batch to match the first. Keene's Cement-Sand Float Finish shall be mixed in the proportions of 100 lbs. of Keene's Cement to 50 lbs of dry lime and 400 lbs. of sand, with or without the lime-proof colors. 48 ORIENTAL Interior Colored Finish A factory prepared colored finish con taining properly graded aggregate and select limeproof colors to insure easy working qualities and uniform ity in results. Available in 6 pastel colors and white, it requires no fur ther decoration and may be applied to produce many types of surfaces ranging from a very fine sand-float finish to a ragged texture. It is highly resistant to abrasion because of its great hardness; avoids variations of color intensity which sometimes occur when colors are mixed on the job; permits early occupancy. ORIENTAL INTIKMK C01.0RI* Bli* rartir tionally dry, it should be sprayed uniformly with clean water the night before finishing. Apply by hand in a two coat double back operation. Scratch in a thin coat well ground into the base coat and double back with a second coat, filling out to a true even sur face. The surface can be floated with a sponge, sponge rubber float or car pet float. The finish can also be ap plied in any desired texture except a smooth trowel finish. Do not use water while floating. ORIENTAL Exterior Stucco Factory formulated to insure color uniformity. Applied to exterior sur faces over a base coat of portland cement-lime and sand. Oriental Exterior Colored Finish is available in 11 pastel colors and white. Suitable for application on new work or for remodeling, it is an economical means for beautifying in two ways--texture and color. GP039 1999 MIXING AND APPLICATION Add clean water only, hoe stucco into the water. Allow to soak 20 or 30 minutes and mix thoroughly to a smooth, creamy easy-working con sistency. Must be applied to a set, `'half-green" base coat of gypsum plaster. If the base coat is excep 49 MIXING AND APPLICATION Oriental Exterior Stucco requires only the addition of water on the job. When it is mixed and applied in the following manner, excellent finished results may be obtained: 1. The suction of the base coat must be uniform, therefore, the base coat should be in a "half green" condi tion. If it is too dry, spray lightly. (See detailed instructions for mixing, applying, and curing of Portland cement-lime base coat, page 41.) 2. Remove loose and projecting par ticles from base coat, then apply a thin coat well ground into the base and completely covering it. Double back and fill out to a uniform surface about )/% in. thick, covering area from top to bottom, in one operation to eliminate joinings. Trowel three or four times before starting to texture. 3. For a float finish, use a cork, wood, carpet or sponge rubber float, and float the surface to an even texture. 4. Do not use water in floating. 5. After setting, spray the surface periodically for several days to cure the finish. .6 Do not apply in freezing weather or before or during a rainstorm. FINISH- PLASTER data Mix by wvfght of dry materials Color Finish Toxfuro Hordnoss In KBograms (2) Covaraga lag PIattar ta Uaia lt2 WMta or Grey (1) Smooth 34 1 ton gouging 2 tana Ikaa covor approx. 1000-1400 y*. STUICTO-OAUM ta Uata 1.3 hi WMta Smooth 56 1 tan STtUCTOGAUGE 3 tana Data covar approx. 1000-1200 yards WMta > - 10 1 tan STtUCTOGAUGE 1 tan of taw covor approx. 600-750 yortk. (1) Gray with "foeof" gorging pfatfor. (2) Kilogromt roquirod to fore* a JO MM belt .0 !* info ploitor fact. 50 V SABINITE Acoustical Plaster TROWEL OR FLOAT a highly sound absorbent acoustical plaster which can produce a trowel or float finish. It is applied over a properly prepared gypsum base coat, and is available in oyster white and four standard colors. ADVANTAGES High Sound Absorption--carries a .60 NRC in Trowel and .55 N'RC in Float Finish. Raadily Maintoinad--cleans with brush or wallpaper cleaner; may be spray-painted with only moderate loss of acoustical efficiency. Fir* Resistant--incombustible, min eral composition. Adaptable--blends with any archi tectural design. Eosily Applied--any good mechan ic, provided ordinary precautions are observed, can apply Sabinite. Economical--applied in two succes sive coats, 16 to 24 hours apart-- eliminates re-scaffolding. LIMITATIONS Mixing and application instructions must be closely followed. Designed for use on ceilings or wall areas not subject to contact or high humidity. Sabinite is not recommended over radiant heating panels. i Oslcfc frowsting Khbs'i f Um ypsom Trswsi Flslsh Oypssat Float Finish OtlMTAL Finish 2j 1 Madkim Hard 4.1 Hard Moot Nsot Moot Whits Whits Whits Groy 12 colon Smooth Smooth Smooth Hoot Hoot (So. (Sm SO 70 55 Not. 3) Hots 3) 2 ton* Kaana's 1 ton lima cov*r approx. 8S0-I200 yd*. 4 tons Kssns'* 1 ton lima covar approx. 1300.1700 yd*. 1 tan wi covar approx. 350-400 yd*. 1 tan wM covsr approx. 250-275 yd*. 1 ton wtt covar . approx. 250-300 (3) Thoto or* hard finishes btrf thm aggrogata in th surface do+s not pormit an indication with this tost. G i -o o Ot sO ro o o 51 j J V MIXING AND APPLICATION Machine mixing recommended. Put 22 quarts clean water in mixer for each bag of Sabinite. Mix until Sabinite weighs 15 to 17 lbs. net per 12-qt. pail (usually 3 to 5 minutes, depending on speed of mixer). To hand mix, place Sabinite in one end of clean mixing box. For each bag, add 23 qts. of clean water in other end. Hoe Sabinite into water. The mix will appear dry, but do not add more water. Hoe until Sabinite weighs 15 to 17 lbs. net per 12-qt. pail. Apply in 2 coats to a uniform total thickness of in. over a base coat of If f SABINJTE' ACOUSTICAL PLASTM ^ mtm ft mmm t 3 Red Top gypsum plaster. A full scratch and brown coat of gypsum plaster is required over metal lath, Rocklath plaster base, and mason ry' bases (excluding monolithic con crete) to provide proper rigidity, strength, and a solid base for the acoustical plaster. Apply first coat in. thick by GP039 2002 scratching in and doubling back ove, a set, semi-green gypsum base coat that is level and thoroughly broometj or cross raked. If base coat is dry spray lightly to reduce suction. Fo|. low immediately with a w'ood ot metal darby, leveling Sabinite to provide a true, even surface for finish coat. Allow to set and to partially dry (at least overnight or longer de. pending on job drying conditions) before applying finish coat. Apply finish coat to a thickness of li in. by scratching in and doubling back, over a set, partially dry base coat of Sabinite. Bring total thick ness to in. Leave surface uniformly level and free of trowel marks, work ing from wet edge. 'Finish ceiling panels in one continuous operation to avoid joinings. Trowel Finish--After water sheen leaves surface (about 30 minutes) trowel lightly to a uniform texture Do not use 'water during troweling. Float Finish--float second coat 3 to 10 minutes after water sheen has left surface. Use a shingle, cork, or rubber float. Do not use water in floating. Directions for Applying SABINfTI Acoustical Plaster Over Rougk Monolithic Concrete: Over properly prepared rough monolithic concrete surfaces apply Bondcrete plaster not to exceed 34 in. thickness on ceil ings and % in. on side walls. Apply the Sabinite over the set, semi green Bondcrete base coat, as specified. 52 % DIRECTIONS FOR PAINTING USG ADVANTAGES ACOUSTICAL PLASTERS. Remove all loose riirt or dust by use of a vacuum cleaner. Paint should be water-thinned. Texolite Imperial or Standard is recommended. First coat, mix one part Texoitte paste HI-LITE Finish-- it's snow white, with over 75^ light reflection. Easy to Mix and Apply--mechan ically mixed, it works smoothly and easily under the tools. to one part water by volume. Second Attractiva, Adaptable--can be given coat (if required), mix one part Tex- a stippled or stipple-perforated fin OLITE paste to two parts water by ish. Can be used in areas of moder volume. Spray on with any gun with ately high humidity, such as swim V a medium fine spray. DeVilbiss spray ming pools. gun, type MBD, with a \"o. 30 noz- Fire Resistant--Hi-Lite will not , zle or equivalent, is recommended. burn or support combustion ... an Use 30 to 40 lbs. pressure in the gun important safety advantage. and 20 to 30 lbs. on the paint. Hold nozzle 14 to 18 in. away from Low Maintenance Costs--can be work. Use a slow, uniform motion. decorated repeatedly with any good Cover surface in one pass. Do not resin -- emulsion or casein paint pass over same area several times as (TEXOLITE--Imperial or. Stand this builds up paint unnecessarily. ard) without appreciable loss in Allow at least overnight drying sound absorption. between coats. If weather is extremely humid, allow additional drying as necessary. HI-LITE Acoustical Plaster STIPPLE OR STIPPLE-PERFORATED Highest light reflective acoustical plaster developed by U.S.G. (.77 .801, must be stippled or stippleperforated to provide its acoustical efficiency (.60). Available in white only. LIMITATIONS Hi-Lite must be machine mixed to develop proper density. Designed for use on ceilings or wall areas not subject to contact. 53 GP039 2003 When perforated, a special per forator with rust resistant prongs should be used. Hi-Lite is not recommended for use over radiant heating panels. MIXING AND APPLICATION USG Hi-Lite Acoustical Plastershall be applied in two coats to a uniform thickness of Yl . A full scratch and brown coat, either gypsum plaster or portland cement-lime plaster, that has been cross-raked is required over metal lath, gypsum lath and mason ry bases (except monolithic con crete), Firtf Coot--Apply first coat of HiLite by scratching Ys" hard, imme diately doubling back to a total of over a set and dry, partially dry, or semi-green basecoat. Darby light ly to a level surface. Allow to set and dry fairly well (usually overnight) before finish coat. Finish Coat--Apply finish coat Yk' thick to a set and fairly dry basecoat, scratching and doubling back leaving surface free of trowel marks. Work from wet edge to avoid joinings. When surface gloss has disap peared and surface is crisp and hard enough to give clean perforations, stipple the surface with a rice root stippling brush to a uniform texture. To obtain a stipple-perforated fin ish, perforate about 30 minutes after stippling (when surface is hard enough to give clean perforations), but before set. Use perforator fur nished by the United States Gypsun Company. Perforations should num. ber approximately 500 per square foot and should be at least Jf5' deep AUDICOTE Acoustical Plaster SPRAY OR HAND APPLIED A plastic, high-coverage materia) with excellent sound-absorbing prop, erties. It has exceptional bonding characteristics, and is designed for use over gypsum basecoat plaster, Portland cement-lime basecoat plaj. ter or monolithic concrete. Available in Satin White and Special White. * ADVANTAGES High Sound Absorption--carries i .60 NRC in darbied finish and .55 NRC if machine textured finish is desired. Low Maintenance-- tests reveal no loss in noise reduction coefficient after two spray coats of TEXOLITf (Standard or Imperial), applied ac- ^ro o x 54 cording to U.5.G. specifications for painting acoustical plasters. Audi cote may also be redecorated easily by direct spray application of a thin coat of Audicote Plaster. Fir* Resistant--incombustible, ba sically mineral in composition. Low Cost--the most economical of our acoustical plasters. Versatile-- because it can either be applied by machine or by hand in a variety of appealing finishes. LIMITATIONS Audicote is designed for use on ceil ing and wall areas not subject to contact. Audicote is not recommended for use over radiant heating panels. While a rust inhibitor is used in Audicote Plaster, it is recommended that use of unprotected steel in the surface of monolithic concrete be minimized to avoid rust spotting of the finish. MIXING AND APPLICATION Machine Mixing--Machine mixing is recommended. Add Audicote to water, using approximately 55 quarts of clean water per bag for first coat of acoustical plaster. For machine application of finish coat more water will be required--70 to 90 quarts, depending upon type of machine used and degree of texture desired. An increase in the amount of water used per bag will give a finer texture. If hand application of finish coat is required, use approximately 55 quarts of water per bag for finish coat. Mix for minimum of five min utes in mixer to develop proper consistency. Hand Mixing--If required, material must be hoed sufficiently to develop even consistency free of lumps. Machine Application--First coat of acoustical plaster should be ap plied to thickness of leveled with a darby and pointed up with a trowel if necessary to provide a smooth and level base for finish coat. Allow to dry before applying finish coat, which should be y thick. Hand Application--First coat of acoustical plaster should be applied to thickness of Level with a darby to provide a smooth and level base for finish coat, and allow to dry. Finish coat should be applied to a Yi thickness. After finish coat has taken up sufficiently, it may be stip pled, stipple-perforated, darbied or floated to produce desired finish. Specialized Lathing and Plastering Systems HATH Lathing Systems PAGE BRIDJOINT Lathing System 58 ROCKLATH Resilient Lathing System 60 BRACE-TITE Lathing System 62 2-inch Solid ROCKLATH and Plaster Partition 65 Exterior Waif Furring System 68 Column Fireproofing 70 TRIISSTEEL STUD-ROCKLATH Partition 71 GP039 2006 USG has developed a complete line of attachment systems employing the use of clips for attaching Rocklath Plaster Base to wood framing, metal grillage, Trussteel Studs and masonry walls. These systems are designed to provide performance and economy in the construction of plastered walls and ceilings which offer: 1. Greater resistance to cracking 2. Reduced sound transmission 3. High fire resistance 4. Insulation 5. Vapor barrier 6. Economy 57 I BRIDJOINI Lathing System DESCRIPTION The Bridjoint lathing system uses Bredjoint clips to apply Rocklath Plaster base on walls and ceilings in such a manner that the ends (16-inch dimension) of the lath fall between and not on the framing members. The B-l field clip and Yi B-2 comer clip are used for Y% Rocklath. A x/2 B-l field clip is used when Y' Rocklath is specified. GP039 2007 ADVANTAGES Crack Rasiitant--because ends of gypsum lath do not fall on framing members, resistance to cracking is increased at these vulnerable points. Adaptable--This system facilitates application of Rocklath over nail able steel framing. Use Y% Rock lath with framing up to 16' o.c. and Yi Rocklath for framing spaced up to 24' o.c. Economical--25% less nailing is re quired than conventional nailing of Rocklath plaster base to wood studs. On wood frame construction Comerite and nailings are eliminated in the internal angles. 58 A i I (, A Hi \ bruf spr- { DIRECTIONS FOR LATHINO AND PLASTERING Lathing--Rocklath is applied in such a manner that the ends of the lath do not fall on the framing mem bers. End joints are staggered in adjacent courses. A Bridjoint clip is used at corners of each piece of lath to support the lath ends which fall between the framing members. Rocklath is nailed to the wood or steel framing. (See page 16 for nail specifications.) Plastering--plaster in two or three coats to YzAnch thickness. (Set page 36 for plastering specifications.) Estimating Quantities--B-l clips, 3% per square yard; B-2 clips, one for each 16 inches of comer angles (or 75% of total lineal feet of corner angles). i I 59 51 4 r ROCKLATH RESILIENT Lathing System DESCRIPTION Rocklath Resilient Lathing System uses steel spring clips tor attaching Rocklath plaster base to wood framing, steel channels or masonry. These resilient clips float the Rock lath and plaster free from framing members. ADVANTAGES Resistant to Sound Transmission-- National Bureau of Standards as signs average sound transmission loss rating of 52 decibels to a wood stud partition with R-l resilient clips, gypsum lath and plaster both sides. Crack Resistant--plaster cracking due to framing movement is greatly reduced. Where framing movement occurs back of lath and plaster, it is absorbed by the spring clips in much the same manner as automobile springs soften road shocks. One Hour Fire Rating--wood stud partitions with R-l Resilient Clips, perforated Rocklath, and H-inch gypsum-perlite plaster proportioned 100 lbs. : 2*^ cu. ft. (scratch and brown coats) have a one hour fire rating. Economical--For a nominal increase in the lathing cost, the Rocklath Resilient Lathing System provides outstanding sound and crack resist ance features. DIRECTIONS FOR LATHING AND PLASTERING lathing--apply Rocklath plaster base face out with the long dimen sions at right angles to the framing members 16 inches o.c. Stagger end joints. Rocklath ends must occur over framing members and be secured with clips. Place a clip at every inter section of Rocklath edges and fram ing members. Staple or wire-tie all corner bead to Rocklath. Do not nail Rocklath Plaster Base or ac cessories to framing. Where Resilient Rocklath ceiling joins conventional nail-on walls or partitions, a 3^-inch thick furring strip (usually a strip of Rocklath 2 inches wide) should be nailed to joists at ceiling angle to compensate for wood ttud or joist farming. R-2 ^r corn#n and angles of wood from* construction. A P j $ . fc ft FLEXIBILITY replaces rigidity without lots of strength; walls and ceilings are thus able to compensate for normal frame movement, and the plaster surfaces are protected against cracking. for the ^g-inch furring or R-l Resili ent Clips. Use a B-2 Bridjoint Cor ner Clip in place of R-2 Resilient CornerClip. If walls are resilient and ceilings nail on, nail furring strip to the studs at the ceiling line. Do not use nails in corner angles. CAUTION Perforated Rocklath is not recom mended for use on ceilings when applied with resilient clips. Plastering-- plaster to '-9-inch grounds with sand or perlite aggre gates. On ceiling work use only plain for % inch furring chann.li, in ceiling construction. Rocklath and apply plaster in three coats (do not "scratch-doubleback"). Where one hour fire rated wood stud partition is required, plas ter to ^-inch grounds with gypsumperlite plaster proportioned 100 pounds gypsum plaster to cubic feet perlite (scratch and brown coats). Estimating Quantities--R-l, R-3, R-5 clips--Estimate 514 1 6 per square yard. R-2 clips--1 for each 16 inches of corner angles (or 75% of total lineal feet of corner angles). Rf-1 and R-2 combined, 6 per square yard. for masonry or solid concrat# con* struction. BRACE-TITE Lathing Systems DESCRIPTION The Brace-Tite Lathing System attaches Rocklath piaster base to standard metal grillage (%-inch cold rolled channels not over 16 inches o.c.). This system is also used as a base for direct application of acousti cal tile. ADVANTAGES Versatile--may be used for plastered ceilings or for acoustical tile base without plaster. Strong--gives support across the full width of Rocklath. Clip provides S{ying tension to the center. Eoty to Erect--requires no special tools. Maximum spacing of chan nels 16' o.c. Two-Coat Plastering--permits use of scratch double-back method over plain or perforated Rocklath to Y-i grounds. Refer to Page 63 for important specific plastering in structions. Fireproof--fire resistive ratings of one to four hours are obtainable. DIRECTIONS FOR LATHING AND PLASTERING Lathing-- 1. Place starter clip over<., H-inch channel at juncture of chan nel and side wall. {Note: If hot rolled channels are used, hand crimp clips tofit snugly over channel legs). .2 Place Rocklath plaster base on top of starter clip loop and at right angles to channel. Engage Brace- <j ; ^ [t j ' ' ,. ' yl ^ <*;' . j | i Tite field clip over channel and hook it into starter clip loop. On first course of lath, crimp field clip wire to accommodate slack caused by starter clip loop project ing from wall. (See B.) Use B-l Bridjoint clip at each end joint of lath on first course only. End joints should be staggered and fall between channels. Use a B-l Bridjoint clip on both sides of lath end joints, See (C). Upon completing a course of Rocklath, slip a B-l Bridjoint clip over each end joint so that it is firmly supported. 3. After first course of Rocklath is completed, no further crimping of wire is necessary. Succeeding courses are rapidly applied by looping each field clip over channel and inserting hook into eyeof preceding field clip. Complete last course by cutting Rocklath to fit remaining space. Hang field clip over channel end, insert hook end under preceding clip, pull back and snip off excess length. BRACE-TITE Acoustical Lathing system. Place the full loop end of Brace-Tite Acoustical clip over end of each % inch channel at juncture of channel and wall. Rocklath plaster base shall be applied at right angles to channels, and the half loop end of the field clip snapped over the Y\ inch channel. Succeeding courses shall be applied in same manner using Bl-A Bridjoint clips (prongs flat on tile side) in lieu of the B-l clips used for plastering. Plastoring--apply gypsum plaster in two or three coats W thick. If two r\j coat method is used the job setting time of the basecoat plaster shall not exceed three hours. A minimum period of twenty minutes shall be allowed between the scratch coat and double-back applications in two coat plastering over both plain and perforated Rocklath. Proper heat and ventilation during plaster ing is mandatory for good two-coat performance over Rocklath Plas ter Base. Estimating Quantities--for %-inch channels, 16 inches o.c.: one BT-1 Starter Clip for each channel abut ting a vertical plane and at any interruption of channel. 5H to 6 BT-1 or BT-A Field Clips per yard. 3l/2 to 4 B-l or B-1A Bridjoint Field Clips per yard. For %-inch channels, 12 inches o.c.; BT-1 Starter Clips, same as before. 7l,4 to 8 BT-1 or BT-A Field Clips per yard. B-l or B-1A Bridjoi.vt Field Clips, same as for 16inch spacing. 2-IN. SOLID ROCKLATH and Plaster Partition DESCRIPTION A studless non load-bearing partition consisting of l^-inch V-edge, Long Length RocklaTh plaster base, held vertically by floor and ceiling run ners, up to 10 feet in height, and plastered on both sides. ADVANTAGES Sava Spoco--Saves 40 to 60 per cent of space occupied by conventional partitions. In every five lineal feet a 2' partition creates one extra square foot of usable space over a \y2' partition. Lightweight--only 16 pounds with gypsum-sand plaster and 9 pounds with gypsum-perlite per square foot of finished partition (25% to 40% lighter than commonly used masonry partitions). Strong--official impact test rec ords show that a 60 pound weight traveling through a full arc fall of 4 feet failed to produce a discernible crack on a full size partition after three successive blows. On# Hour Firo Rating--with gyp sum plaster sanded 1:1 for scratch and 1:2 for brown coat or gypsumperlite proportioned 100 lbs. to 2 cu. ft. on scratch coat and 3 cu. ft. on brown coat. Where one hour fire rat ing is not required, plaster may be sanded 1:2 for scratch and 1:3 for brown coat. DIRECTIONS FOR LATHING AND PLASTERING Floor Runner--USG Metal base or wood runner. Indicate positions of floor runners with chalk lines. When USG Metal base is used, metal floor clips should be nailed approximately 24 inches o.c. Snap metal base side plates over shoulders of the clips. Wood runner should be milled \y% x 2 inches from select stock re sistant to splitting. Coiling Runners--Apply USG L-shape ceiling runner using ^-incb GP039 2014 65 concrete stub nails or power driven nails approximately 24 inches apart. Nail to a line plumbed up from center line of floor runner. If ceiling is suspended type, wire-tie L-shape runner to Bth. Grouting--Fill metal base with gyp sum grout using uniform V-groove. Recommended grout mixtures: 100 lbs. gypsum plaster to V/i cu. ft. of perlite, or 250 lbs. of sand. All metal door bucks shall be grouted, providing uniform V-groove prior to erection of lath, lathing--Cut Long Length Rocklath to allow a minimum of 34-inch and a maximum of 1J4 inches top clearance. Set in V-grooved base sec tion with top edge against vertical flange of ceiling runner. Edges should be plumb and butting. To hold lath to ceiling runner, snap two USG Ceiling Runner Clips through the top or center row of slots. Lath is cut and fit closely around conduits, outlet boxes and steel door buck struts. One side of opening is covered with metal lath strips backed with No. 30 asphalt felt (usually 3 to 5 inches wide) applied with hand stapling machines. Partitions (up to 9 feet high) are then horizontally braced in the fol lowing manner, see photo below: i 66 I (1) Punch hole in center of each lath side of the lath. In no case should slightly below mid-point for bracing application of scratch coat to second clip; (2) insert bracing clip; (3) side of lath be delayed longer than spring a partition length %-inch the setting time of the scratch coat coid rolled channel into bracing clip applied to the first side. Scratch with channel legs pointing down; (4) lightly in horizontal direction only. insert remaining bracing clips and spring channel into place; (S) wiretie channel ends at abutting parti Let scratch coat set a minimum of 16 hours before browning. tion angles to comerite; (6) parti- Apply the brown coat as follows; ^ tions 9 to 12 feet high require two (1) After the scratch coats have set horizontal braces at third points in firmly and have partially dried, the stalled as described above; (7) wedge brown coat should be applied to the ' vertical brace (usually wood lx4's or unbraced side, bringing it out to ' 1^'xlH' angle iron) between floor within !4-inch of ground dimension 5"Q2 , and ceiling every 6 feet and wire-tie for finish coat. (2) When this brown o to horizontal channel. coat has set firmly, (not less than 3 ^ Plastering--Apply a full J^-inch hours) remove braces carefully from thick scratch coat of plaster with opposite side and apply brown coat maximum of 3 hour set, to each to that side in similar manner. -- O 67 iJ EXeiffi 111 FURRING s,,.,, DESCRIPTION A simple practical system for furring exterior masonry walls using USG Adjustable Wall Furring Brackets, %-inch channels and Long Length Insulating Rocklath (jpg-inch thick by 24-inch x ceiling height). ADVANTAGES USG Furring Bracket--Heavy gauge galvanized steel with serrated edge which holds channel firmly in place. Permits proper wall alignment. Adjustable--uneven walls can be furred quickly to true, even surface without expensive, time consuming "shimming." Low Coif--large 2 ft. wide ceiling high sheets of long length Rocklath plaster base go up quickly. Uni formly even plaster base saves plas tering material and labor. Vapor Barrier--provides inexpensive and efficient safeguard against con densation within the wall. Iniulation--offers the equivalent of 3'2-inch of fiber insulation board when erected with the required minimum air space between exterior wall and lath. DIRECTIONS FOR LATHING AND PLASTERING Application of Metal or Wood Floor Runner--Mail single metal base clips to rough floor not over 24 inches o.c. Snap the sideplate over the clips. Fill the back of the base with grout and form a V-groove as grout stiffens and before it sets providing a ?^-inch 'H l\J 68 o ground for plastering. Alternate. A milled wood runner may be attached to the rough floor by nailing with cut nails or concrete stub nails in the center groove. Application of Coiling Runner-- Attach L-shaped ceiling runner to the construction above as required, locating it by plumbing up from the floor runner. Where furring does not extend to the construction above, , install horizontal furring channel 4' to 6" below top of lath. ti Application of Furring--for furred ' walls up to 9 feet high, locate furring brackets to the masonry walls not over 4 inches from columns or other abutting construction. Locate brack ets at third points vertically and not over 36 inches o.c. horizontally. For walls iram 9 to 12 feet, locate brackets vertically at quarter points. Set brackrts in mortar joints or use 2-inch cut nail to attach bracket to mortar joints of brick, clay tile or cement block, or in the field of light weight aggregate blocks. Use one uWsIeU--fAOJUSMJU p/g-inch concrete stub nail or one power driven nail per bracket on monolithic concrete. Lay ^-inch furring channels horizontally on the furring brackets with the legs down, plumbed in line with the base. Wire tie to the bracket with a double strand of 18 gauge tie wire. Bend down excess bracket length. Lathing--Apply gypsum lath with the long length vertical, butted light ly with the foil facing the furred space. Set bottom of lath in the groove of base grout, clipping top of lath to the ceiling runner and wire-tying (over a nail) at the edges to intermediate horizontal channel furring. Cut and fit gypsum lath to allow l/ir clearance around window frames. Apply a 3-inch strip of metal lath over each Rocklath Plaster Base joint under window. Plastering--Apply scratch, brown and finish coats to a full %-inch over face of lath. Cut plaster base coats with the edge of the trowel along margin of metal window frames. o T3 O tvj O i-- 00 i_ I5 i 4I 9 * ! . I69 J  GP039 2019 FIREPROOFING STEEL COLUMNS . RIJCKLATH and 1. l'/a, 2, 3 AND 4 HOUR FIRE RATINGS 1-1 Vi Hour Rating--Vt"--16"x48* Perforated ROCKLATH, cut as required, is applied vertically against the column ond fastened with a double strand of 18 gauge tie wire approximately 2" from the ends and 15* o.c I-A bead, set at each corner, establishes '/:' plaster grounds for 1 hour and lA" grounds for 1 Zi hour ratings. Apply gypsum-sand plaster proportioned 1:2'/j and any finish coat. / DESCRIPTION Rocklath Plaster Base wired in place against structural steel column, and plastered with gypsum cement plaster and sand or perlite aggregate in proportions and thickness required to give fire rating desired. In certain higher ratings, 20 gauge galvanized 1-inch hexagonal mesh wire fabric is used in addition to the Rocklath. ADVANTAGES . Fireproof--column fire ratings of 1, l}-2, 2, 3 or 4 hours are obtained. Lightweight--6 pounds per square foot of completed surface area for 1 hour protection to 11 pounds for 4 hour protection. Low Cost--Standard materials used. Easily attached, economy of plaster ing over gypsum lath. A 2 Hour Rating is obtained by lath ing in the same manner as indicated above except that the 1-A bead must be set to establish 1* plaster grounds over the lath and gypsum-perlite plas ter, proportioned 100:2'/} must be used. 3 Hour Rating--Lath the same as for 1 hour rating except set 1-A bead to provide 1 34" grounds by snipping ex panded flanges 12* o.c., bending back and stapling to ROCKLATH. Apply Gypsum-Perlite plaster propor tioned 100 lbs.: 2 cu. ft. for scratch coat and 100 lbs.: 3 cu. ft. for brown coat. Use any standard finish coat. 4 Hour Rating--Apply a double thick ness of Vi" long length ROCKLATH Plaster Base cut as required, vertically against the column and fastened with double strand of 18 gauge tie wire about 4' from top and bottom and 24' o.c Wrap I' hexagonal 20 gauge galvanized wire fabric over the lath and set 1-A bead to establish 1 '/}' grounds. Apply gypsum-perlite piaster proportioned 100 lbs.: 2 cu. ft. for first %" of thickness and 100 lbs.: 3 cu. ft. for second 34'. Use any stan dard finish coat. 70 TRUSSTEEL STUD ROCKLATH Partition Assembly DESCRIPTION A non-load-bearing partition of Trussteel Studs, Rocklath Plas ter Base with Trus-Lok Clip attach ment, and plaster. Over-all thick nesses: 3SA", 4H\ 6*, and 8', depending on stud width. ADVANTAGES FUxiblo--The open web design of the Trussteel Stud allows encase ment of small pipes, conduits, heat controls, and small ducts horizon tally and vertically without weaken ing the partition structurally by Chasing. Web members are easily cut for larger pipes or ducts. Veriotilo--2Yi , 3)4.', 4', and 6' Trussteel Studs provide wall thicknesses to meet job requirements. Strong--Strength of studs is derived from strategic use of metal in a truss design--not from bulk weight. The partition assembly of Trussteel Studs, Rocklath plaster base, and plaster has more than adequate strength for building construction practices and is nationally accepted by building code authorities. GP039 2020 71 lightweight--This partition assem bly weighs approximately 10 lbs. per square foot when plastered with per lite aggregate plaster, and approxi mately 15 lbs. per square foot with sand aggregate plaster, in any Trussteel Stud width. Fire Resistant-- Built of incombus tible materials. One hour fire rating is obtained when perforated Rocklath plaster base is used and plas tered with gypsum-sand plaster 1:1, 1:2, or with Structo-lite piaster or gypsum perlite 100:2}^. Sound Reduction--This partition assembly has good resistance to sound transmission, attaining aver age sound transmission loss ratings of 48 decibels with sand aggregate plaster, and 44 decibels with perlite aggregate plaster, in tests at a na tionally recognized laboratory. Economical--Material costs are low, job erection fast--provides installa tion economies for mechanical trades. DIRECTIONS FOR LATHING AND PLASTERING Lathing--install Trussteel studi not over 16 inches o.c. (See pages 8a 8i for details.) Studs shall be located approxi mately 2' from all door buck jambs, abutting partitions, or other con struction. With steel bucks, as additional anchorage stud is require at each jamb. AU comers shall bt framed with a stud approximately 2 from each side of the internal angk Securely wire-tie studs adjacent a door bucks to the jamb anchors. Start lath application at the bot tom with long dimension of Roa lath at right angles to the stud. Th first course of lath shall be set i 72 Gp039 *02 i A TL-2 Starter Clips spaced approx imately 16" on center along the run ner track and secured to the studs by TL-1 Field Clips hooked around the stud and over the top of the lath. The end joints of the Rocklath shall occur between studs, staggered in alternate courses, and joined to gether at the corners with B-l B rid jo i nt Clips. Where wood grounds are wire-tied to the studs the lath shall be held in place by driving a nail into the ground at each stud, with the nail head held tight against the lath and projecting up from the ground % of an inch. Succeeding courses of Rocklath shall be attached by inserting the lath into the top portion of the TL-1 Field Clips of the preceding course and securing the top edge of the lath to the studs with TL-1 Field Clips. The top course of lath shall be cut to the width required, B-l Clips placed on the previous course of lath in each stud space and the lath se cured to the runner track with a TL-3 Finisher Clip driven into the lath, or shall be secured by wiretying through the lath around the stud or stud shoes with a double strand of tie-wire twisted tight over a nail on the face of the lath. In the case where ceilings are lathed the last course of lath shall be cut to fit as required and held in place with cornerite stapled to the Rocklath and wire-tied or stapled to the ceiling lath. The course of lath immediately over metal frames shall be set in a groove provided in the grout, if grout is used, or shall be set in TL-3 Clips clipped to the runner track, or shall be wire-tied to the studs over a nail on the face of the lath. Where ceilings are lathed, the last course of lath shall be cut to fit as required and held in place with cornerite stapled to Rocklath and wire-tied to metal lath. Cornerite shall be used on all in ternal angles, and corner bead at external corners, by stapling to Rocklath plaster base. Metal lath reinforcement over frame corners shall be 13^* x 19' pieces or 9' x 48' strips of 2.5 lb. self-furring metal lath stapled to the Rocklath. Metal door frames shall be securely anchored to the floor by two power driven anchors or equivalent attach ment through a clip at each jamb. Jamb anchor clips shall be welded in each jamb at top, 12' down from top, 27' from top and 18' from bot tom. Use runner track at head of buck to receive studs over opening, runner to turn up 4' each side at the jambs and wire-tied to studs used as door frame struts, or use a hori zontal channel extending to third stud each side of frame approxi mately 4' above frame to which studs are tied and grout in over frame. Secure studs to jamb anchor dips by engaging in notches and wire- tying securely in place, using double strand of 18-gauge tie wire. If wood door bucks are used call for rough bucks of same width as O O rsj w fSI rv 73 t i t .J 1 1 1 v. studs, and of not less than 1%" stock with the jambs running to underside of construction above and well anchored top and bottom. For stair rails, lavatories, etc., bolts welded or locked to channels, angles, or plates shall be anchored to studs prior to lathing. For cabinets, 1' wood grounds may be tied to studs prior to lathing or 8-A picture mould may be tied over Rockiath to studs. Mattering--plaster to 3^-inch grounds using gypsum-sand or gyp sum-perlite plaster. Plaster may be applied in two or three coats. Grout ing steel frames with plaster prior to lathing is recommended. Estimating Quantities--for studs spaced 16 inches o.c.: TL-2 Starter clips, two for each Trussteel Stud; TL-1 Field Clip, to 6 clips per square yard each side; B-l Bridjoint Field Clip, 31/% to 4 per square yard each side. Figure Two TL-3 Finisher Clips per stud if lath goes to underside of concrete slab, otherwise figure wire tieing or cor- nerite depending on conditions. 74 a \0 % Specialized Lathing and Plastering Systems Metal Lathing Systems PAGE Metal Lath Resilient Lathing System 2-Inch Solid USG Metal Lath Partition 76 78 TRUSSTEEL Stud Metal Lath Partition 80 Metal Base 84 GP039 2023 75 3 METAL LATH RESILIENT Lathing System DESCRIPTION A system composed of metal lath, steel furring members and spring clips that provides a floating attach ment of plastered surfaces to struc tural members. ADVANTAGES It offers greatly increased protection against plaster cracking due to struc tural movement, and a considerable reduction in the transmission of sound through walls and ceilings. It is adaptable to wood supports, sus pended ceilings, hollow partitions, and masonry or concrete surfaces. ESTIMATING QUANTITIES No. 100 Clip, runner channels 3'-0' o.c., furring channels 12 inches o.c.: 340 clips per 100 sq. yds.; furring channels 16 inches u.c.: 264 clips per 100 sq. yds. No. 200 Clip, walls (dip spacing 16 FF Suspended Ceiling--Showing application Wood Frame Construction--Showing op of No. 1 00 Clip for suspended ceiling con* plication of No. 200 Clip on wood fftfl struction. The clip provides resilient attach and joists and on wood furring on matorf) R< ment of furring channel to runner channel by wolfs. Clips provide resilient attachment! replacing use of the fie wire. Easy to erect. metal loth and protect plaster finish. 76 inches o.c. along studs spaced 16 in. o.c.), 610 clips per 100 sq. yds. Ceil ings (clip spacing 12 inches o.c. along joist spaced 16* o.c.), 744 clips per 100 sq. yds. No. 400 Clips, Trussteel Studs, 16 in. o.c., clips spaced 12 inches o.c., 780 clips per 100 sq. yds. Spacing 16 inches o.c., 600 clips per 100 sq. yds. No. 500 Clip Spacing of furring Channels, o.c. Spacing of Clips Ouantity of Clips per 100 sq. yds. 12 inches 24 inches 496 16 inches 18 inches 504 24 inches 12 inches 496 GP039 2025 Masonry Surfaces--Showing uto of No. 500 Clip on ceiling under concrete joist and on masonry walls. Clip is olso used on other masonry surfocet. Provides furring and resilient attachment of metol lath. TRUSSTEEL Stud Partition--Showing use of No. 400 Clips spaced 16 indies along studs. A 'A" pencil rod is snapped into the notch on outside flange of dip to provide resilient furring member for metol loth. 77 fcBUNG UNE-- ROUGH OR FINISHED Z-TYPE CBUNG RUNN0I NAILS) OR TIED TO CBUNG >" COU) ROUED CHANNEL STUD BOTTOM LEG OF Z-RUNNBt SLOTTED 2' O.C TO RECEIVE CHANNaS METAL LATH PIASTER STUD PARTITION STUDIES PARTmON 2-IN. SOLID USG METAL LATH and Plaster Partition N 0 N 9 DESCRIPTION A non-load bearing partition that finishes to an overall thickness of 2 in. May be erected using % in. chan nel studs with Diamond Mesh metal lath or with Y% in. Riblath without channel studs. ADVANTAGES Saves Space--saves 40% to 60% of the space usually occupied by con ventional partition. On* Hour Firo Rating--when plas tered with sanded plaster mixed 1 i 1:2 for scratch and brown coats. Highly Crack Resistant Good Sound Transmission Rating38 average decibel transmission loss Lightweight--only 18 lbs. per parti tion square foot with gypsum-saa plaster. DIRECTIONS FOR ERECTING Stud Partition--Snap partition line 78 on floor and ceiling . . . Fasten Ztype ceiling runner to ceiling . . . At tach double base clips, 16" o.c., to structural floor with concrete stub nails. (See page 84) . . . Insert % in. channels into floor clips and fasten to ceiling . , . Wire-tie Diamond Mesh lath in conventional manner . . . Snap on metal base side plates and grout base. Studlats Partition--Snap partition lines at floor and ceiling . . . Fasten lath to USG L-tvpe ceiling runner nailed to the bucks . . . Provide tem porary bracing by placing % in. channel horizontally near mid-height of partition for partitions up to 9'-0' height. Partitions 9' to 12'-0' high require two horizontal braces at third points tie to lath 24 in. o.c. Place a vertical 1^ in- angle brace not over 6 ft. o.c. to hold the lath in position until brown coat on side opposite bracing has set. l Z Z 6C0d9 L-type ceiling runner to structural ceiling or furred-down ceiling... Attach double base clips, 24' o.c., to structural floor with concrete stub nails, snap side plates in place and grout, leaving V-groove to receive fs in. Riblath . . . Erect ceiling height ?'8 in. Riblath vertically by dropping into grouting groove and wire-tying top to L-type ceiling run ner not over 8 in. o.c. . . . Metal door bucks shall be provided with clips along jamb and wire-tie the % in. Riblath to these clips . . . Where wood bucks are used, wire-tie the DIRECTIONS FOR PLASTERING 2 In. Solid Motal Lath Partition*-- Apply scratch-coat to side opposite braces or channels, allow to set and partially dry . . . metal door frame shall be slushed full with plaster . . . On studless partition apply browncoat to side opposite braces and al low to set before removing braces. Apply brown coat to previously braced side bringing it out to finish grounds. On stud partition, apply back-up coat on channel side to full grounds. Apply brown coat to lath side. Apply finish coats to both sides. 79 IRUSSTEEL STUD METAL LATH and Plaster Partition DESCRIPTION This truss design stud permits the erection of hollow, non-load bearing partitions in which ducts and pipes can be easily fitted and concealed. ADVANTAGES Lightweight--Finished partition weighs 13 to 17 lbs. per square foot. On* hour fir* rating--when plas tered with gypsum--sand mixed 1:2, 1:2. Strong--Withstands up to 30% greater transverse loads than 13^ in. steel channels. Economical--Require? no special tools or structural framing, goes up fast. Can be used with metal lath or I n Rocklath plaster base. This system is available in th* f following sizes: Stud lengths, 7 to 20 ft.; stud widths, 2Yi, 3^4, 4 and 6 in. It contains the following parts as shown in sketch at right: (A) 22 gauge top runner track; (B) 7 gauge rod studs spot welded. (C) Shoes for attaching studs to run ners. These shoes allow an adjust ment up to 3 in. (D) Snap-in runner track. ' 80 JV. STEP BY STEP ERECTION Snap-in runner track is aligned and at tached to floor with suitoble attachments at 2 ft. intervals. Regular runner track is at tached to ceiling by suitable means. Studs are secured to the bottom runner track by the snap-in feature. Place stud between upright legs of the snap-in runner with one studflange inserted into a notch. Twist the stud until the other leg snaps and seats into the opposite notch. Studs are secured to me top runner track by means of two shoes. Insert flange of shoe over runner, snapping the leg of the upright stud into the shoe and wire tying. Metal loth is applied to both sides of studs with 18 gauge galvanized tie wire. O "O O *0 rvj O rsi <4 RECOMMENDED STUD SPACIN9 1 Typ. ef laHi TIUSSTIH. SteM Spaeiatfl 2.5 lb. Diamond Mesh Lath 3.4 lb. Diamond Mesh Lath 2.75 lb. '/' Riblath 3.4 lb. '/' Riblath 3.4 lb. Yt" Riblath 4.o ib. y- Riblath %* ROCKLATH Plaster Base 12 inches 16 inches 16 inches 19 inches 24 inches 24 inches 16 inches FINISHED PARTITION THICKNESS ^ AND UMITINO HEIGHTS IM TWA. i ! M MM* Itt* 2 Vt" 3'/.' 4- ' **? If- 9' 14' 9' 15' 3 Vi' 4y.' 13' 18' 21' 4" 5 Vi' 16' 20' 22' 6' 7 Vi' 20' 24' 26' 81 J GENERAL DATA FOR PARTITIONS t Construction Total Weight lbs. per sq. ft. Plaster and Aggregate 3' Hollow PYROBAR Til* plastered two sides 4' Hollow PYROBAR plastorod ono sido 4' Hollow PYROBAR plastorod two sidos 2' Solid ROCKUTH So mo 2' SOLID Matai lath (duds) Soim (studies*} TRUS5TEEL stud--motel loft) 21 20 25 16 10 18 18 19 Gypsum sand 1i3, 12 Gypsum send 1:3, 12 Gypsum tend 1t3, 1i2 Gypwnt <and Ii2, 1i3 Gypsum-perlite 100t2, 100i3 Gypsum sond 1:2, Tt2 Gypsum perlite 1i2t 1i2 Gypwia Kind 112, 113 Wood Mar ptadar TRUSSTSL dud--ROCKIATH IS STRUCTO-UTE or Gypwm Sand 1, parforatod ROCKUTH GENERAL PLASTER BASE DATA FOR CEILINGS | Construction Plaster and Aggregate 1 Stool foists--motai lath So mo So mo 2V4' reinforced concrete dab on ribloth Stool foist construction with motel loth furred or suspended Some Some %' Porforotod ROCKIATH ottodtod by BRACE- TtTE systom--chaimab 16' on canton Some as chore phis 14 gauge diagonal wires through dips Soom a* abovo unpt dionnob 12` on unun and 14 gougo diagonal wbo through dig* H' Porforatad ROCKLATH ottodtod by IRACEMTE lyrtoai--draimab 12' on cantno and 20 gaogo ban. modi 82 J % gypnaiaid l>2r 1:3 H' gypwat partita 100t2, 1003 1' gypwia parflto 100t2, 100<3 H* gypsum sand 1i2, 1i3 ** gypsum porfito !00i2, 100*3 1' gypsum psitts 100x2, 100i3 H' STRUCTO un Ptodar or gypwia partita 100t2, 100:3 'h' STRUCTO UTE or gypwai partita lOQJVi H* STRUCTO UT1 or gypwaj 0 partita lOOJrt J 1'STRUCTO UTE or gypwia * partita 100JV4 rv 0 a o 1 ovJb <3> u Sound Trans Fire Rating mission loss lim. | Thicknou Reference Rating Height 4 Vi' 4H' 5 Vi' 2' 2' 2' 2' 4V4 to 7' 4V4'to7*' 4ft to 8' 3 houn 3 houn 4 houn % hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 2 houn 1 hour 39 dudbuta 43 d-b. 37 d.b. 37 d.b. 38 d.b. 37 (U 40 40 44 to 48 13 foot 17' ir 107 12' 14' 8'4' 14 to 20' Puprndkig on widtiL Plro tatioa Roforoaco 2 houn 3 houn 4 houn 2 houn 3 houn 4 houn 1 hour O a o fv o U 83 DIRECTIONS A `'plastered-in" metal base system for partitions and walls, composed of floor clips or masonry wall clips and steel side plates. May be used with metal lath or Rocklath plaster bases or masonry plaster bases. Side plates: 18 gauge steel, 10 feet long by 23^ inches high. ADVANTAGES Easy Application--Snap-on attach ment feature permits faster installa tion with automatic and independent adjustment on any rough or finished floor. Versatile--Internal and external cor ners can readilv be formed on the base oi the partition. US6 METAL LATH For Column Fireproofing This time proven system provides a 1, 2, 3, or 4 hour fire rating. It util izes self-furring Diamond Mesh lath and accessories and typical metal lath construction. Grounds: One hour--gypsum sand 1:2, 1:3; two hours--1' gyp sum-perlite 100:2, 100:3; three hours --1%* gypsum-perlite 100:2, 100:3; four hours--1%' gypsum-perlite 100:2, 100:3. USE READY-FORMED IHETAL ARCHES DESCRIPTION USC Meta! Arches are the practical and easy way to form symmetrical arched openings in either new con struction or remodeling. Precisionmade for doorways and recesses. Available in three styles, seven sizes for finished openings 20' to 70JA'. USG Metal Arches are made of gal vanized steel, perforated for proper plaster keying. ADVANTAGES Versatile--Choice of size or style. Easy to vary size and shape for any size openings and partitions of any thickness by combining sections in various combinations. * Easy lo erect--ready to put in place as they come from the carton. There are no forms to make; no corner bead to bend or shape by hand. No special preparation of the rough opening is necessary. Economical -- Since these arches combine plaster base, corner bead and plaster grounds, there's a saving in time, labor and materials. DIRECTIONS FOR ERECTING The arch sections fit perfectly over 2x4 studs and any type lath, or over masonry of similar width. For other partition thicknesses merely split arch soffit, overlapping for thin partitions and filling in gap with metal lath for thicker walls. Studs on each side of the arch should be spaced 1 V% inches wider than the desired finished opening. Assemble the metal arch units on the floor. Join the units, using connector pins. Strike exact center of the opening on header. Then insert the assembled metal arch in the opening over the lath. Nail in place, temporarily. Then level the arch and nail it se curely in place with lath nails through the solid part of the flanges. Vertical corner beads are aligned to the metal arch with connector pins. TRUE CIRCLE ARCH No. 11--10' radio* No. 22--13%' radio* GP039 2033 GOTHIC ARCH No. 33--2' T'/\ finished spoiling Ns. 44--4' 1'A'finished spsning ELLIPTICAL ARCH No. 33--3' 1!A' Unbind opening No. 33--3' l'/i' finished opening No. 66--3' lO'/j' finished opening 85 f Table of Erection Details StyU of Arck WWt of NnilM Opoalag No. 11 No. 22 No. 33 No. 36 No. 44 No. 53 No. 66 20* 31'A' 31!*' 37V*' 49 V*' 61!** 70!*' Diotoasloa froa Arck Bos# to Hoodoo 10H' 14!** 11 1IH' 12!** 13!6* 13V** Sgooiog kotwooo Stods oo Bocks (Boogk Oponlog) 21 V4* 33* 33* 39* 31* 63* 72* 86 (V> o U> 4* ____ U Plaster Problems RemediesTheir Causes and Basecoat and finish coat plasters are so closely interrelated that the treatment of problems pertaining to their use will be handled simultaneously in the following pages. Ail Red Top basecoat and finish coat plasters are carefully manufactured and thoroughly tested before shipment, and any troubles or problems experienced in their use are normally found to be caused by job conditions. 87 GP039 2035 in INTRODUCTION As a general rule, most plaster problems result from the following conditions: 1. Atmospheric conditions. 2. Conditions due to set--fast or slow. 3. Improper heat and ventilation. 4. Improper application or thick ness of basecoat or finish coat. 3. Improper proportioning of aggre gate or improper mixing. .6 Improper workmanship. 7. Improper plaster base applica tion. .8 Improper bond. 9. Poor aggregate (improper grada tion, impurities, etc.). * Plaster problems are classified under the specific type of condition which exists. These problems are dis cussed in order under these following types and specialty products: 1. Plaster Cracks. 2. Weak, Soft Walls. 3. Bond Failures. 4. Set and Working Qualities. 5. Color, Surface Stains and Blem ishes. 6. Acoustical Plaster Problems. 7. Cover Coat Finish Plaster Problems. PLASTER CRACKS It should be understood in reviewing this broad subject that a plaster slab is not a delicate material and will take considerable abuse without cracking. It cracks only when some excessive external force is applied, or when some excessive internal strains are induced within it. The stresses, conducive to cracking, are normally caused by movement in the building frame, or other components of the building over which plaster is applied, or by variations in the at mosphere surrounding the plaster slab. Cracking of plaster occurs more readily where the plaster slab is weaker or thinner than standards permit, and if stresses are encount ered before the plaster is dry and has attained full strength. Proper plaster bases are important to prevent plaster cracking. Thej. also must be sound--this is equally important in the foundations and in the structural framing. Structural weaknesses cannot be corrected in lath and plaster work. One of the largest single factors causing plaster cracks is the lack of understanding the need for and use of proper heat and ventilation. Cracking of Partitions installed in lino with tha faco of concroto col umns and booms--Reinforced con crete frame buildings and steel frame buildings with columns and beams encased in concrete may induce cracking of plaster in partitions when such partitions are located so that the plaster plane continues from the plaster base over the column and/or beam face, and is bonded to the concrete. This cracking can occur either at the joining of the concrete and the plaster base, or in the field of the partition, whether the plaster 88 GP039 2036 base is masonry, metal lath or gyp sum lath. The cracking is caused by difference in movement between the concrete and the partition mass-- the severity of cracking varying with the age of the concrete and the at mospheric conditions at the time of plastering. The cracking tendency will be reduced if the concrete has aged a year or more, or when build ing temperatures are moderate and stable for a reasonable time prior to plastering. In normal construction, where plastering occurs four to eight months after the pouring of concrete, and is frequently done during colder and changeable temperature conditions, cracking may be minimized or elimi nated by either, (1) relocating the partition to come several inches back from the column and/or beam face, or (2) if plaster base is installed in line with column and beam by ap plying heavy paper (No. 30 asphalt felt) over the concrete, lapping onto the plaster base about 1 inch, and then applying diamond mesh metal lath over the paper, scatter-nailing it 12' on center to the concrete, using stub nails, and fastening it to the edge of the plaster base by nailing to masonry, wire-tieing to metal lath, or stapling to gypsum lath. This avoids a bond of the piaster to the concrete, thus reducing stress due to movement of column or beam in relation to the partition mass. 89 i CRACKS CP039 2038 PLASTER problems and remedies Because of variations in market practices, aggregates, plaster bases, weather and workmanship, this chart has been prepared to assist in the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of job problems. CONDITION | 1. Connected vertical and horizontal crocks at somewhat regular intervals often in "itepp.d" patt.m. 2. Cracks over and from comers of openings. MATERIAL Plaster over any sheet lath: metal or gypsum. CAUSE Plaster too thin, insufficient plaster grounds. Weak plaster. Stress from differential structural movement. Lath not properly applied. Plaster over unit masonry Plaster over brick, day tile or cement block. Plaster over loth bases. Structural movement of masonry units. Lintel construction is poor. Improper frame construction. Plaster too thin. Weak plaster. Failure to use metal lath reinforcement. Expansion of wood frames. REMEDY OR PREVENTION | Reinforce and patch. Apply to proper thickness. See "Weak Soft Walls," Page Reinforce and patch. 1. Remove existing lath and plaster and then relath properly and replaster. 2. Where condition exists on ceilings and joists will support weight of new plastered ceiling, nail wood furring strips across joists on I6T centers with embedment of nails at least 1 '/*" into joists, then apply gypsum lath across nail ing strips and repiaster. 3. Nail self-furring 3.4 diamond mesh metal lath into joists, with embedment of nails at least 1 !4' into joists, and replaster. Cut out, reinforce and patch. Correct masonry construction. Patch. Prevent by using proper frame and lintel construction with metal lath reinforcement. . w ' Patch. Apply to proper grounds. - - See "Weak Soft Walls," Page Cut out, reinforce, and repair. ^ ft. Seal frames--Cut basecoat along grounds prior to set. f I 3. Fine cracks, random pattern, generally 1* to 3 apart. "Shrinkage cracks" "Crazing" "Alligatoring" "Chip Crocks" Fine cracks, irregulor pattern, generally 6* to 14' "Map cracking" 4. Cracks in random potfern usually less than 1 2* apart, Mop, Shrinkage or Fissure crocking pattern. Crocks in gouged lime putty finish over gypsum basecoot--any plaster base. Cracks in trowel finishes over gypsum basecoat-- unit masonry plaster bose. Crocks in trowel finishes'--over gypsum basecoatlath bases Basecoat over masonry. Insufficient gauging plottershrinkage of lime. Insufficient troweling during set Basecoat too wet or too dry and too little or too much suction Finish coat applied too thick. Improper timing of final troweling. Retempering of gauged lime putty finish coot on board. Stress from differential movement of plaster base. Plaster too thin, insufficient plaster grounds. Trow.1 wWl ipackling putty and opply-USO _ Sal.r. Pr.v.nt by wing ivfflcl.nt gauging . .. pfostur, water trow.ling sufficiently, or drop. riy conditioning the bar.coal b.for. t&ply- A ,M Ing finish. B Excessive thickness is conducive to shrinkage. Apply to thickness of `/k* to not more than Vt*. Final troweling too soon may result in shrinkage. Water trowel as final set takes ploce to provide dense, smooth surface. < Gauged lime putty should not be retempered - once it has started its initial set on board; it should be discorded and new gauge made up. Apply USG Sealer. Prevent by changing plaster base to a type not subject to Inducing such cracking. Patch. Apply to proper thickness. v ^ * S, Weak plaster._______________ High suction of masonry base. Under aggregating of basecoat. Slow sat. As result of dry-out condition. Patch or remove and replace with proper mix. Wet masonry with water to reduce suction or trowel in a scratch coat and double back after o few minutes to fill out to grounds. Use 3 cu.ft. of aggregate per 100 lbs. of gypsum. Discontinue use of job added retarder ond add accelerator If necessary to obtain proper job set. Spray walls either with water or alum solution to set basecoat plaster through to base. If bond to base is sound and cracks are open W or more fill by troweling across cracks with prop* erfy aggregated plaster. If fine cracks finish with highly gauged trowel finish or o floot finish. If curled at edges and bond unsound remove and re-apply with proper plaster and method. CONDITION 1 5. Crack at wall or ceiling angles. - n JO > n pc 6. Wall and ceiling cn cracks. Long crack at right angles to framing. Cracks at and parallel to framing members. Long crocks generally in direction of main 1 runners. j Random cracking generally to apart. Vertical cracks. Random cracks emanating from openings. MATERIAL Plaster over gypsum lath. Piaster over masonry. Gypsum lath on wood frame con* sfruction. Metal lath on wood frame construction. Suspended metal lath or furred walls. Suspended metal lath or furred metal lath. Masonry blocks Masonry or lath bases aligned with concrete. Plaster over any plaster base. GP039 2039 PLASTER PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES CAUSE - - Thin plaster. Failure to use cornerite Failure to wedge tile at ceiling, interlock or tie walls together or use cornerite. Thin ploster. Deflection of joists. Rapid thermal change or extreme thermal differential between face and back of plaster. Thin plaster. Weak plaster. Twisting of framing members. Extreme thermal differential. Weak plaster. Rapid thermal change. Shrinkage of units. Differential movement. Stress created at corners of squore or rectangular openings. REMEDY OR PREVENTION Cut out and patch. Correct construction or application details. Prevent by correct conitruction. . 1 Use adequate dimension framing members. Control job temperature in a normal uniform range above 55F. .v Use o strong plaster mix. Use well dried adequate dimension framing members. Control job temperatures in a normal uniform range above 55F. Control job temperatures in a normal uniform range above Use a strong piaster mix. Use cured units. See Page . To minimize prevent bond of plaster to concrete. Realign partition location. Patch. Prevent by furnishing adequate support for fixture, use high strength plaster, and trowel cut plaster from ground prior to set. . COLOR, SURFACE ST I. Water soluble . mildew--Ilka fvzx on , surface, generally . wht but may be colored. Can be brushed off. 2. Streaky discolora tions. 3. Streaked--joinings show "Slobbers." Z i/* z 4. Light ond dork pots due to causes other than "dry-out." 3. "Pop*"--peak-ilk. projection, which fall out making llttl. crater, or pit,) often | with ftn. radial crack. Sam. a, (3) abov, - - 'sewept pit b dl* . .t ; .oolored too or greenbh 1 .'-Ion..''- .-.r-:-'.-#;-1.,- I'^4. . lose coot and ftnbh plaster,over concrete, brick, > cement block or day tile. tflorescence. As masonry ;? joints leach out and are deposited on the piaster surface. Lime finishes gouged with gauging plaster or with Keenes Cement. Lime and gouging plaster not thoroughly mixed. Too much water used in troweling. Efflorescence from masonry. Dirty tools or dirty water. Gauged lime putty finish or gypsum trowel finish. Improper joining technique or excessive troweling ot joining. Improper troweling to leave "slobbers" on finish surface. Float finish. . Improper floating or too much water used In floating. Dampening baMCoat by throwing wotec on with bruh rather than hot, with fln,-,pray nozzle. Thl, cauM, ,potty correction of tuction. Variable ruction in base coat Dm, flnlth coat. Unsloked lime in mortor which slakes and swells after It Is applied. moisture, then remove i 3. On exterior walls, eliminate sourci of moisture, furr out, lath and plaster, .>* Prevent by thorough mixing. Remedy by appli cation of TEXOUTE Primer or TEXOLITE Vinyl Sealer--then point. Remedy same as above. See condition No. 1, above. Wash tods and use dean water. Remedy by sealing and painting as above. . * 1. Previously applied finish should be cut square for application of balance of finish. 2* Avoid excessive troweling at joining* 3. Scrape off "slobbers" before decoration. 4. Seal surface when plaster is dry. Paint with TEXOLITE paint products to get , uniform color. a .$- Sam. a, abov*. ' ' /. . 'i Dampen basecoat uniformly uilng ho,, ond flne-ipray ad|u,tment to nozzle. Remove core of "pop," and patch. Prevent by proper rooking period with normal hydrated lime or by using double hydrated lime. ' GypuMK bOM ji, .7 coat, ond ftnbheL Contamination by foreign matter. _ Retarder ipoti. Lumpy or un : dluolved retarder added at job. . Retarder lump, (well or "pop" when wet. . - ' ,, Cut. out ,pot> and patch. Prevented jjy,,. ,^,; icreenlng retarder thru 40 meh tcreerv' I1*" V Contamination by foreign matter . Eliminate wurce. nich a, dnden, etc. . . > i. . ; I l 3- W EAK, SOFT W ALLS COLOR, SURFACE STAIN S A N D BLEMISHES CONDITIO^ 7. Blisters (do not confuse with (5) above). ^B. Uneven color (not due to texture shadows). 9. Uneven colorlight, or "fiat" spots in light colors (See below). tO. Uneven color -- dark colors. 11. Yellow, brown, or "yellowing." 1. Soft, white, chalky surfaces, occurring during hot, dry weather, . usuolly near opening. 2. Soft, dark, damp surfaces occurring during damp weather. 3. Soft {exactly os 2 above), but occurring in freezing weather. 4. Soft, weak wall. Condition general--not spotty nor due to slow set. 5. Weak plaster. 4. Soft, weak wall. 7. Soft, weak wall. 1. Separating from piaster base. 2. Separating from plaster base. 3. Separating from plaster base. MATERIAL Gauged lime putty finishes. Gypsum trowel finish Interior colored plaster finishes. Oil paint over gouged lime putty finish. Any colored point over any plaster finish. Any lime finish over any plaster base, generally occurs damp. GP039 2040 PLASTER PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES CAUSE REMEDY OR PREVENTION Base too green. Insufficient suction; or too much water used In trowelling. - Finish lime too plastic Bose coat too wet when finish applied. Uneven absorption of base coat, water used in finishing, or dirty box and tools, or variation In water content of successive batches. Failure to finish single areas to angles in one operation. Finish not dry. Pointed too soon after plastering (alkali in lime saponifies paint); or pigment not limeproof Color variation due to non uniform absorption. Binder strikes in unevenly Contaminated sand. Burning green wood in fire place. Open gas heaters not vented to outside. . Tarpaper back of plaster bose. Creosote treated framing lumber, tar, or tar derivatives used around job. Sulphur or che. ................ .s. After finish hos "set1* trowel with very tittle water. Do riot apply finish over green base coat. . Cut putty with small amount fine white sand or increase amount of gauging plaster. After finish begins to "set," trowel with very little water. Prevented by following specifications. Remedied by painting with TEXOUTE paint. Ventilate to dry wall properly Point with TEXOUTE Primer and TEXOUTE paint. Apply USG Sealer and repaint. Prevent by using dean sand. Improve draft to stop smoke. Vent heaters to outside. Use asphalt paper. Avoid source of air contamination. .. Seal with USG Sealer. Decorate. j i fT. T. j Gypsum base coot over any plaster bote. " ' Gypsum base coat over any plaster base. Gypsum bose coot over any plaster base. Gypsum base coat over any piaster base. Gypsum bosecoat Gypsum trowel finish over any base coat. Gauged lime putty finish over any base. Gypsum plaster over gypsum lath. Gypsum plaster over metal loth. Gypsum plaster over masonry. Dry-out. Too much ventilation ' Remedy--Penbfent spraying let up the has removed water before plotter - dry-ovT area... -'AA could tot .v-;,.i iV-ttr**.nriom '> oe enffiopeiOngi f.MaWMBSW-jiKJ?! 'vV.atti.r tproy during set time If neeSHSys3ltenV /!*53 Sweat-out. Too little venrilotion ollowed water to re- ' .**; main In woll after plaster set. Some of plaster has re-dissoved. ,Remedy--Dry the walls with heat and^vefctlulkm. v 1$ ' Prevention--Heat and ventilate durtng'^plaster- tng. If condition exists for too long a period there Lw Is no remedy. Remove and replaster,' ' Frozen plaster. Close building, supply heat. When plaster has set, continue heat and ventilate. - Use of too much aggregate, or a fine, poorly graded aggregate. Extreme slow set (more than 6 hours). Dry-out or retempered finish. Insufficient gauging with insuf ficient trowelling or retempered. No remedy. Prevent by use of aggregate that meets specifications for gradation and pro portions. r Spray with alum water to accelerate set. Add accelerator to plaster mix to bring setting time within normal range. If dry-out treat as condition (1) above. Trowel well when set. . - If retempered, no remedy except tear off and refinish. No remedy except to remove finish and reploster. Too much aggregate, freezing, or addition of lime or Portland cement. No remedy except to replaster. ; Excessive delay In ploster appli cation after mixing or excessive use of retarder resulting in extremely slow set. ; . .. jpjj ' -. Too much aggregate. Replaster with correct mix. low plaster strength. Fr..iing, Excessive suction. .1Thaw and allow to s.t and dry, or r.plasl.r. Damp.n masonry surfac . Maconry non-oberbnt, ho gland surfac*. . , . No remedy. Prrr.nf by hacking mosonry surfoce. Efflor.ic.nc., Ellminof. soure. of moliture, r.plort.r. Insufficient aggregate. R.m.dy--Follow directions. * V *f k y r P [ j 1 - . L i I I 5t " S E r ' A N D W O R K IN G 1. B O N D F A IL U R E CONDITION i' 4. Separating from plaster bose. . 5. Brown cool separating from scratch coat. 6. Finish seporoting from brown coat. 7. Finish separating 8. Finish separating from brown coat. 1. Soft wall*. 2. Sets in box or sets on wall before it can be darbied or straightened. 3. Works hard or "short." Will not spread. Does not carry proper amount of sand. 4. Works herd or "short". Will not spread. 5. Tough and short working, rubbery or lumpy lime putty. 4. Lack of uniformity In set. 7, Finish works hard. a- ' . .i- - GP03,> ?oh PLASTER PROBLEMS AND utMEDIES f I i MATERIAL CAUSE Gypsum plaster over concrete. Gypsum bond plaster over concrete* Gypsum basecoat plasters. Use of ordinary gypsum plaster. Surface oily, too smooth, dirty, or efflorescing. Application of too thick a coat of BONDCRETE Plaster. Weak scratch coat. Foilure to provide mechanicol key In scrotch coat. Dry-out of scrotch coot. Gauged lime putty finish over gypsum brown coat. Gypsum float and trowel finish over gypsum brown coot. Colored interior finishes over brown coot. Brown coat too smooth, too dry, too wet or too weak; finish improperly applied; incomplete hydration of finish line. Frozen finish coot. Brown coat too smooth. Brown coot too dry. Brown coat too weak. Finish improperly applied. Frozen finish coat. Brown coot not broomed. Thin finish not ground in. Brown coat too weak. Frozen finish coat. REMEDY OR PREVENTION i R.mov. and replott./ with BONDCRETE, or u. plotter bonding medium. . Remove plaster. Clean and roughen surface. Replosfer. , Do not exceed Va* thickness on ceilings and on side walls. . Prevent by proper amount of aggregate. Roughen scratch coat and replaster. Remedy--Spray scrotch coot for thorough set before application of brown coat. i Where brown coat is cause, strip off finish, correct condition of brown coat and replaster. Where finish is cause, refinish properly using IVORY double hydrated lime. Remove and re-opply finish. Roughen brown coat. Dampen brown coa until half green. Strip down to lath and replaster. Apply os directed. Remove and re-apply finish. Roughen brown coot and refinish Finish following application directions. Correct condition of base coot and refinish. (See 7 above). Remove and re-apply finish. j; ' V fr ~~ a : ib- T Gypsum bos# coot over any plaster base. - '' Gypsum base coat over any base. Gypsum base coat over any plaster base. Gypsum bose coot over any plaster base. Gouged lime putty over gypsum base coat. Gauged lime putty over gypsum base coat. Gypsum finishes over base coat. Ory-out* iwMtevt, (mot . plotofr oyer-eonding,..* ~ too fine, or dirty sand. SJow set due fo error In manufacture. Slow set due to poor sand or poor water. Slow set due to excessive job use of retarder. Quick set due to dirty water, tools and mixing equipment. Mixing too long. Quick set due to poor sand. Quick set due to error in manufacture. Quick set due to machine mixing. Aged or badly stored plaster. Over-oggregating. Old material partially carbon ated, warehoused too long. Improper soaking, oglng, or slaking. Low temperatures. Unusual temperatures. Improper gouging. Mixed too stiff. Bote too dry. . ... >' : V - -'t-S Send lamp Obtain good sand and water or accelerate plaster. ;~ Avoid careless (ob use of retarder. Use dean water, tools, equipment. /. . T .3 ' Reduce mixing time. . *1 Use good washed sand or add retarder. Add retarder. Send samples to manufacturers' representative. '* Add retarder. ' Get fresh plaster, use equal parts fresh and aged plaster, or use less sand. > 1 Correct conditions by using proper propor- Honing. .f-.j ;. . .L No remedy. Can be used for masons lime. No remedy. Pr.v.nt.d by proper preparation. Do not soak at temperatures below 40F. Properly heat the building in cold weather min. 55F. Use slow set gauging in hot weather. Ut. proper typ. and amount of gauging platter. Ut. mor. water. v : Apply to half green bate. Spray dry bat*, lightly and uniformly b.for. flnlshlng.jL . .. ' , j i ; ; j | GPO39 2CK2 6. ACOUSTICAL PLASTER PROBLEMS Acousticol plasters (SABINITE, USG HI-LITE ond RED TOP AUDI* COTE) ore special finish coat plosters that require additional job precautions due to the special function which they perform -- that of obsorbing sound. By properly following manufacturer's mixing and application directions, on excellent attractive and efficient ocousticol ceiling will result. However, job abuses in mixing and application can destroy the acoustical efficiency as well as the appearance of the job. Indicated below are problems arising from improper use of acoustical plasters, their causes, remedies, and preventive measures. , SABINITE ACOUSTJCAI PIASTER , use Hl-UTE ACOUSTiCAl PIASTER&ED TOP AUDJCOTI ACOUStlCAl Raster AUSE REMEDY OR PREVENTION CAUSE REMEDY OR PREVENtl&N ' CAUSE REMEDY OR PREVENTION Drop-outs and lack of bond. 1. Improper basecoat. 2. Over mixing. 3. Under mixing. 1. Not properly crossraked. Lack of suction-- basecoat too green. Basecoot too dry--excessive suction--spray lightly. 2. No remedy -- Dump mixed material. 3. Mix to proper mortar weight. Blisters. 1. Basecoat too green. 2. Over mixing. J. Provide proper heat and ventilotion. 2. No remedy -- Dump mixed material. 1. Improper basecoat. 2. Overmixing. 3. Under mixing . 1. Not properly crossraked. Lack of suction -- basecoat too wet. Excessive suction--spray lightly. 2. No remedy--Dump mixed material. 3. Mix to proper mortar weight. 4. Application. 1. Basecoat too green. 2. Over mixing. 4. Failure to scratch in hard Z%*--failure to double-up to a full Yk* immediately behind scratching. 1. Provide proper heat and ventilation. 2. No remedy -- Dump mixed material. 1. Impropi bosecoat. 1. Not properly cross-raked. Lack of of suction--basecoat too wet. 2. Mixing 3. Application. 2. Improper woter content. Insufficient mixing. 3. Where applied by hand -- failure to scratch in hard Z%*--failure to double-up to a full immediately behind scratching. 1. Basecoai too green. 2. Application. 1. Provide proper heat and ventilation. 2. Where applied by hand--failure to scratch hard !/*r and foilure to double-up immediately behind scratching. -'-Yr* '-\^V Weak, Soft Ceilings. Joinings. Trowel marks. Slick spots In finish surface. loss of sound obsorptioa. I Over* mixing. I. No remedy--scrape down to basecoat and re-apply. 2. Sweot* out. . ' -' 2. No remedy--scrape down to basecoat and re-opply with correct heat and ventilation. 1. Improper planning plastering to a parti ally set edge.________ 1. Provide sufficient scaffolding and men. Work in a continuous operation. Remedy-- Cover with skim coot of material. 1. Improper troweling. 1. Pinal trowel in ail directions. 2. Poor 2. Supply same lighting lighting._____ at for finished |ob._______ 1. Etna! troweling too soon. 1. Cover with thin skim coat--trowel after water sheen has left surface. 1. Over troweling. 1. No remedy--trowel lightly on final troweling. . 2. Final troweling too soon. 3. Too thin application. 4. Improper pointing. 2. Cover with skim coat-- re-trowel. 3. Apply full Zjw acousticol plaster. 4. No remedy. 5. Water floating. 5. Apply skim coat-- refloat--use no water. 3. Mure *o scratch' ' cetforv '^hord ond falura -,1 v i^ fo double-up ImmedN ofely behind scratching.'-: . 1. Over*';&*> 1- No remedy--scrape . mixing. ' i' down to basecoat and ' . : re-apply. vA^y: 1. Improper planning plastering to a parti ally set edge.________ 1. Provide sufficient scaffolding and men. Work in a continuous operation. RemedyCover with skim coat of material. 1. Too thin application. 2. Improper painting. 3. Stipple texture too light. 1. Apply full Zx" acoustical plaster. See Painting . Directions. 3. Surface allowed to take up too much prior to stippling. Stipple os specified. 1. Too thin application. 2. Improper painting. 1. Apply full Zi* acoustical plaster. See Pr--.tlng Directions. Approximately 80% of the visible wall surface in the average building is plaster. It is fundamental that all those involved in the plastering operation cooperate to obtain the best pos sible job. This section attempts to point the way to achieving such an objective--a quality plaster job. Proper inspection of a lathing and plastering job requires a complete understanding of job details, schedules and specifica tions. All walls must be judged within the framework of the drawings and the specifications on which the contract is based. It is most important that these drawings and specifications be complete, accurate and easily interpreted. <n -o o UJ vO fNi o .f* 101 SCHEDULE OF INSPECTION Job inspection* should be mode at the following stages:-- A. When job is ready for lathing and plastering. 1. Determine that the brands and types of materials delivered to the job are in accordance with specifica tions and approvals granted. .2 Determine that proper storage facilities are provided for the mate rials. (See page j6, paragraph 3.) B. When lathing has started but be fore plastering has begun. C. When base coat plaster is being applied. D. When finish coat is being applied. E. When job is completed. PLASTER BASES A. A plaster job is only as good as the base over which it is applied. Generally, plaster bases can be clas sified under these headings: 1. Suction Type--Gypsum lath and fiber insulating lath in which the water of the plaster mix carries gypsum into the porous surface, forming tiny keys which hold the plaster to the base. 2. Mechanical Type--Metal lath, in which the lath is embedded in the plaster and, in effect, forms a rein forced plaster slab. 3. Combination Type --Gypsum block, clay tile, other masonry and perforated gypsum lath, in which both suction and mechanical key combine to hold the plaster to the base. B. The most commonly used bases, along with points that should be checked prior to base coat applica tion are: 1. Unit Masonry fgypsum block, clay tile, porous brick or rough con' crete block) a. Has correct mortar been used for laying? (See pages i~-/g.) b. Are walls straight and true? c. .Are any structural cracks evident? d. Have proper grounds been in stalled? (See page ij.) 2. Gypsum Lath a. Has it been applied according to manufacturer's specifications. (See page 16.) b. Have proper grounds been estab lished, angles and comers reinforced? (See page 16.) 3. Metal Lath o. Have specifications of manufac turer been followed for proper nail ing or tieing? (See pages 26-28.) b. If suspended, furred or contact work, have proper weights of lath and spacing supports been main tained. (See pages 26-2J.) e. Have proper grounds been pro vided? 4. Insulation Fiber Board Lath a. Check for correct application. b. Check for proper grounds, angle and corner reinforcement. 5. Monolithic Concrete a. When bond plaster is used, has surface been prepared and material applied according to manufacturer's specifications? (See page 38.) 102 VV02 &COd9 Si SUSPENDED GRILLAGE Spacing of hangers and channels shall be in accordance with spacings recommended tor the type of hanger and weight of metal lath used. Runner or furring channels shall not be let into or be supported by abutting walls. Place runner chan nels within 6" of walls. GROUNDS The thickness of base coat plaster is one of the most important elements of a good plaster job. To insure proper thickness, grounds should be prop erly set and followed. Grounds may be defined as wooden strips, corner beads (plumbed and straight), metal base screed, or metal casing beads applied at the perimeter of all open ings and other locations. In addition to these, and especially on wails with no openings, and on ceilings, plaster screeds should be installed to insure plumb and level surfaces. Plaster screeds are either dots or continuous strips of plaster applied to required ground thickness to permit proper plumbing and leveling. Grounds should be set to obtain the following minimum plaster thick nesses: 1. Over gypsum lath, and fiber insulating lath................................Yt 2. Over brick, clay tile, gypsum block, or other masonry............... 3. Over metal lath, measured from face of lath............................ PLASTERING MATERIALS The plastering materials generally in use today are gypsum cement plaster (See page 38), gypsum mill-mixed base coat plasters (See pages j8 <sr 39), hydrated finish limes (See page 44), gypsum gauging plaster page 43), sand (See page jj), vermiculite (See page 34), perlite (See page 34) and water (See page 35). After determining what materials are specified for use on the job, refer ence to the pages indicated above will describe the nature of each material and point out precautions that should be taken for storing it before it is mixed into plaster. JOB CONDITIONS Sa po0 36-37--This phase of the inspection is most important and, in many cases, will determine the success of the entire operation. An accurate check of the following points will prove well worthwhile: A. Storage 1. Has material been properly stored on the job for maximum protection from weather and dampness? B. Heating and Ventilation 1. Have proper heating and ventila tion been provided? .-1/ no time should any plastering be performed without proper heating and ventilation. A principal reason for this is that circulation of air at the right temperature is necessary to carry off the excess water in the plaster, helping to avoid "sweatout" conditions. GP039 2045 103 2. In enclosed areas where adequate normal ventilation through doors and windows is not provided, sup plementary artificial ventilation must be provided. 3. In colder climates during the late fall, winter and early spring, the building should be heated in the nor mal range of 55 to `0 degrees for some time prior to plastering and maintained at a uniform tempera ture in this range during all plaster ing and after the completion of the plaster work. TWO COAT VERSUS THREE COAT WORK S** pagm 36--The architect's spec ifications and the plaster base will determine what plastering method will Be used. There are two general ways of applying plaster: 1. Two-coat work. .2 Three-coat work. Except over metal lath, long length gypsum lath, fiber insulation lath, and wood lath, either of these two methods with the plaster properly mixed and applied can be employed. MIXING pog* 35--A mechanical mixer is preferred to box mixing, because it is easier to assure that the plaster aggregate and water are more evenly mixed. Keep the mixer continually clean, which is most important, be cause partially set material is a powerful accelerator. When mixing by hand, plaster and sand first should be mixed dry to a uniform color in a mixing box, and the water added and the plaster hoed into the water immediately and thor oughly mixed to a proper consistency. Remember a number 2 shovel gen erally used to add sand to the mix carries approximately 15 pounds. Therefore, a 1:1 mix would use 6 to 7 number 2 shovels to 100 pounds of gypsum plaster. A 1:2 mix is 12 to 14 shovels, and 1:5 mix is 18 to 21 shovels. When perlite or vermicuiite aggre gate is used instead of sand, remem ber the proportioning is weight of gypsum to volume of aggregate. (See page JJ for proper mixing propor tions.) SCRATCH COAT Section on "Plaster Bases"--(page 9) stated that there are three gen eral types of plaster base: suction type, mechanical type, and a com bination of both. Let's approach the actual application with this in mind and, as a result, know what to look for to help assure a good job. A. Application over Suction Type 1. Is the base properly applied and ready for plaster? (See pages 16.) 2. Is the correct aggregate being used in the proper proportion? (See pages 32-35-) 3. Is the building properly heated and/or ventilated, as suggested under Section on "Job Conditions." 4. Is scratch coat being applied to correct thickness and left in proper condition to receive the brown coat? (See page 36.) {I **0 2 fccoj 104 B. Application over Mechanical Type Observance of the same precautions .is indicated above should be checked, and it is recommended that fibered plaster be used, as fiber prevents the passage ot excessive mortar through the keys and holds plaster to lath until set. C. Application over Combination Type The same requirements as apply in (A) above should be followed. BROWN COAT Once the scratch coat has set and is partially dry (usually overnight is sufficient), the brown or second coat is applied. Of course, precaution must be taken by the inspector to assure himself that the plaster is being prepared with the proper ag gregate correctly proportioned. (See pages 3J ir 34.) This coat of plaster, together with the scratch coat, forms the backbone of the plastered wall or ceiling, and it is important to see that it is applied to full grounds. All brown coat work should be left rough under the rod or darby to provide "tooth" for the finish coat. The use of excessive water in rodding or darbying the brown coat, which leaves the surface smooth and slick, is not good practice. SET OF BASE COAT PLASTER The proper setting time for base coat plasters is generally from 2 to 4 hours after mixing, and this should be checked for close conformity on both the scratch coat and the brown coat operation. The danger of ``quick set" plaster is that there will not be sufficient time to get the plaster from the mixer to the walls without retempering on the mortar board, and such retempering will produce a plaster of lower than normal strength. The correction lor "quick set" is to add the proper amount of retarder in solution with water at the mixer. If plaster does not set for 5 to 6 hours, no harm will be done to the resulting plaster surfaces, but a "slow set" of the plaster (generally one tak ing more than 6 hours) should be avoided by adding accelerator in a dry state at the mixer, as such plas ter may be subject to a "dry out" (See page 93), particularly in hot, dry weather, and will have a lower than normal strength when finally set. The setting of base coat plaster is indicated by the hardening of the plaster and by a darkening of the surface as the set takes place. The portion of the plaster which has set but has not yet thoroughly dried will be darker in color than the unset portion of the plaster. This accounts for the mottled effect in base coat plaster which appears as the set is taking place. FINISH COAT In addition to gypsum-lime putty trowel finish (See page 44). the most common types of finishes are Keene's cement-lime putty finish (See page 46), prepared gypsum trowel finish (See page 4/), gypsum-sand float fin- GP039 2047 105 ish (See page 4?), Oriental Interior finish (See page 49), USG Acoustical Plasters. (See page 5/). Generally, all finish coats are ap plied to a properly prepared base coat of gypsum plaster (See page 4j). In the mixing and application of fin ish coats, it is most important that the recommendations of the manu facturer be followed. These recom mendations, along with mixing di rections, are printed on each bag and can also be found in the finish plaster section of this book. (See page 4j). The visible success of the job is now at stake, and the required measures should be taken to finish correctly. <r> -0 o |>J O 106 CO UNITED* STATES GYPSUM COMPANY. V _ otsmcr SALES omcts , - ....V'1:- -- Further information boat item (Motioned in Ifiitf (ncnuafand complete details. attoatafl other U.SG. products art avolfofafe^r, of offices located fcl.A following aHes.- . ; J y-pVitir:.-~Vr^ ' * ' ' ' '& `S#/ ySSsL^ sTv- ALBANY AL8UQUERQUE ATLANTA BALTIMORE BIRMINGHAM BOSTON (Newton Centre, Mass.] * BUFFALO CHARLOTTE CHICAGO CINCINNATI CLEVELAND (Cleveland Heights, Ohio) * DALLAS DENVER DETROIT GRAND RAPIDS HARRISBURG HEMSTEAD, L. I. HOUSTON INDIANAPOLIS JACKSONVILLE KANSAS CITY LOS ANGELES LOUISVILLE MIAMI MILWAUKEE MINNEAPOLIS NEWARK (Clifton, N. J.) " NEW HAVEN (Hamden, Conn.)* NEW ORLEANS NEW YORK OAKLAND OKLAHOMA CITY OMAHA PASADENA <n T3 o PEORIA PHILADELPHIA PHOENIX vO rsj O PITTSBURGH vO PORTLAND PROVIDENCE (Warwick, R. I.)* RALEIGH RICHMOND SACRAMENTO ST. LOUIS SALT LAKE CITY SAN ANTONIO SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE SYRACUSE (De Witt, N. Y.)* WASHINGTON (Arlington, Va.)* Mailing Address