Document pmqbyYBJxG2B4oB6ygn51Rek7

FILE NAME: Celanese (CEL) DATE: 1975 Dec 8 DOC#: CEL016 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Unpublished Conference Presentation by NIIOSH RECORDKEEPING REQUIRE:LENTS UNDER THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT t by Richard F. Boggs, ,Ph.D. Director, Special Programs National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20352 Presented at Symposium on Ucihvircr. llaxc.rd Monitcvirg Sponsored by American Conference cf Governmental Industrial Uygienists December 8, 1975 Cincinnati, Ohio HNA 27426 RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS UNDER TOE OCCUPATIONS SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT ft Richard F. Boggs, Ph.D. Introduction With increased emphasis on the promulgation of occupational health standards and the increased burden such standards will have on both industry and government, it is imperative that every effort be devoted to ensure that maximum benefit for protection be provided to the American worker with a minimum of impact on those affected. One particular area in which a major impact is occurring is the development and retention of records required under the Occupational i Safety and Health Act. As governmental industrial hygienists, it is imperative that we vol!: closely with other occupational health personnel to carefully ccr .7 r our resjensibiliti;c under the 03:1 Act and evaluate the reasons why certain inforweficn must be developed and recorded. It is beyond the scape ef this presentation to review specific rationale for the development of current or proposed recordkeeping requirements under OSHA health standards.- However, a careful review of the current and proposed requirement. for tonic substa .ee control has been made, and the most significant observation is the need for greater con sistency among these requirements. The purpose ef this p.'pc-v is to summarize the OSHA tonic substance health standards recordkeeping requirements as they r.ow exist and to point out the need for consistency among these standards. HNA 27427 Concern for Recordkeeping Requirements Both OSHA and HIOSII recognize the complexity and potential buxden these recordkeeping requirements may have on both industry and government As stated in the preamble to the recently proposed occupational safety and health standards for alkyl benzenes, cyclohexane, ketones, and ozone, OSHA is aware that certain provisions of this proposal, such as medical surveillance and the extended retention periods for medical monitoring records, nay pose special problems to some employers. Especially affected are those who have small numbers of employees, operate with non-fixed places of employment, or use workforces which are highly transient in nature. This awareness has been expressed by the Department of Labor in a statement submitted to the House Subcommittee on Environmental Problems A(f;l5ng Small Business'cn 26 June 1975 in which OSHA observed that it is evident that the combined body of Federal regulations nay impose a sub s t e a l . 1 -/.d, to soxe extent, unnecessary burden upon employers, particularly those who run small businesses, irnilc most of these requirements servo a necessary and useful purpose, a definite potential exists for duplication, conflicting standards, and inappropriate recordkeeping requirements. In an effort to eliminate existing problems, OsilA will assess the rmc J.l business impact of the laws they administer and determine what can be done to ease a potential burden cn the small employer, while still assuring compliance with the law. Although it is clear that OSilA's first and prime responsibility is to assure the employee safe sod healthful places of employment, -2- HNA 27428 the -Ae-t and its legislative history recognize that economic and technological feasibility are legitimate factors to be considered in the setting of occupational safety and health standards. In addition, the Act explicitly takes cognizance of its impact upon small businesses, specifically with respect to any recordkeeping requirements which are imposed. , OSKA is exploring methods ,of reducing, to the maximum extent possible, the administrative and economic burdens of recordkeeping requirements. NIOSH, for its part, is aware of the need to recommend realistic requirements for the maintenance of adequate records. Of particular concern is the record retention requirements in standards for carcinogens and suspected carcinogens, as veil as current requirements for transfer of.records to NIOSH when a worker terminates employment or an employer ceases to do business. NIOSH is studying any inconsistency with respect to recordkeeping 1 cco--'C.-ndntio:'.among criteria coev.cr.ts prepared to date and plans to carefully review the overall problem relating to recordkeeping. Specifleal]y, KIOSK has established a formal Task Force of senior personnel to consider and review this area of concern. This Task Force is nov; reviewing K1CSI1 responsibilities for records presently being forwarded to the Tusti.utc from employers and trill be submitting its specific recommendations for Institute policy in January 1976. -3- HNA 27429 Existing RecordkecDini Reauirem.ents As of November 15, 1975, health standards for 15 toxic substances have been promulgated by 05UA. In addition, proposed health standards * for 23 other substances have been published in the FEDERAL REGISTER, including many developed under the Joint NIOSH/OSHA Standards Completion Program. These are listed in^Table I. The following is a brief description of the types of records which must be maintained for the proposed health standards of the Standards Completion Program and the rationale for maintaining such records 1) Exposure Determination. Requires a record of all exposure determinations as to whether or not an exposure in' excess of the action level is likely. Documenting this determination ensures that the employer has in fact examined his work environment and considered whether or not a potentially hazardous situation exists. In the absence of such a record, there would he no way to determine whether an employer environment 2) Exposure Mcar.nremsntr. Requires the keeping of a record of all exposure measurements and any other measurements of an employee's exposure. This record is needed since the Act specifies that employers maintain accurate records of employee exposure to potentially harmful irte rials and ph iire required to be monitored under HIMA 27430 t j .i* * r* 3) Mechanical Ventilation. Requires maintaining a record of the tests made of mechanical ventilation to ensure that the employer has been conducting the tests that are required. The record is useful to the employer since the evaluation of data obtained in any individual test is needed to compare the most recent test with previous tests to detect trends. Such a record nay also be used to determine which control system nay be inoperative or defective and thus devise a more efficient employee exposure measurement sampling scheme. 4) Employee Training and Information. Requires a record indicating that employees have been informed of any, potentially hazardous substances to which they nay be exposed. This ensures that every employee has been informed as required including new.employees or employees who have changed jobs or have changed exposure status. 5) Medical Surveillance. Requires maintaining an accurate medical surveillance record for each employee. The record nust include medical opinions and other medical documents. This is necessary to help ensure that the employer observes the recommendations given in a physician's medical opinion with respect to future exposure of an employee. Information to be Recorded The fcJ l-rvirg is a brief cutlire of the specific ic.f e m e tier, which should be maintained fer specific types of records: 1) Evr s u r e V toypiv eti.~ a) Any i: ferretin'., cloei rations, or calculations which may indicate employee exposure; -5- HNA 27431 b) Any measurements taken; c) Any employee complaints of symptoms xrhich nay be attributable to exposure; d) Date of determination, work being performed at the time, location within the x/ork site, name and social security number of^each employee considered. 2) Exposure Measurements a) The date of measurement; b) Operations involvin' exposures which are being monitored; c) Sampling and analytical methods used with evidence of their accuracy including the method, results and date of cali bration of sampling equipment; r. d) The number, duration and results cf samples taken; e) "ane, social security number and exposure cf the employee monitored.. 2) ?c.hrntr.- ~ Vi-r!::!*rr1 r a) Date of ncasuvament; b) Type of mcusurcr.cnt taken; c) Results of measurement. 4) Employee Traiuir.p and Information c.) Date of trail,rap; / b) Here and social security number of employee trained; c) Content or scope of training provided. 5) *- dr:crt_;` vc '.i a) /my employee medical complaints relative to exposure; 1)) A copy of information provided to the physician; c) Results of tests required and results of other tests conducted; ------- - - 6- ------ --------- ------------------- ' ~"y HNA 27432 dj Physicians written opinion; c) A signed statement of employee refusal to be examined. Retention end Transfer of Records Most inconsistencies occur in this area and therefore a major effort is needed to provide consistency and uniformity for recordkeeping requirements. Table II presents a summary of the recordkeeping requirements relating to length of retention. From this Table, it is apparent that much additional thought must be given to' evaluate recordkeeping require ments to assure that such records contribute to worker protection as required under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Note that in the C3se of the present asbestos standard, medical records must b?. retained for at lea: 1: 20 years end ei.plcyee exposure records retained for at ]crft t.hvi e year.s. A review of the 14 carcinog.-n substance standards published several years ago indicates that cnly medical records need to be retained and that such records be maintained for the duration of the employee's employment. These standards further state that upon termination of the employee's employment, including retirement or death, or in the event that the employer ce.as bus?.'iissr. without a successor, records or note tired truu copies th...roof most be for,..ardnu to the Director, NIOSH. Time a 14 c o r e a n e g c a i c r*-v*j` V 7 s t c ' . d n r d s dc no; rcr.uir r. retention of records ether than medic:1 -7- HNA 27433 < Regarding the current standards proposed under the Joint NIOSR/ OSHA Standards Completion Program (SCF), records must be maintained for exposure datermination, exposure measurements, mechanical ventilation measurements, employee training, and nedical surveillance. All SCP standards published to date are consistent with regard to record retention and state generally that such records should be maintained until replaced * . 1 by a more recent record, maintained for the duration of an employee's employment, or maintained at least one year: There is no provision for transfer of records. A review of the most recently proposed standards for lead, toluene, asbestos, beryllium, trichloroethylene, and inorganic arsenic indicate a great deal of variability and inconsistency regarding retention of required records. In most cases the types of records maintained are similar or identical to there previously described for standards proposed under the Standards Completion Program. However, a review of each individual stand.-.? J ir.dir.rVos for some rvlslanr_c a record retrati on requirement of up to 40 yeara or employee termination plus 20 yc.rs whichever is greater. Regarding transfer of records, these proposed standards state that in the evant the employer ceases to do business and there is no successor to receive and retain the records, all records (net just medical) must be transmitted to ^he Director, HIOSH, red 0.1 employees and former employees must be individually notified in writing cf this transfer. In conn? o l Io -.i. vfn ir th'.-rt* f-.re significant La:.ofits derived from record!.ecping, it must be Kept in mind that these requirements could also create a significant burden on business and industry. I have -8- HNA 27434 attempted to summarize these requirements as they relate to current and proposed toxic substance standards. The requirements are often incon sistent and appear to need careful reconsideration and reappraisal. It is the responsibility of governmental industrial hygienists and others involved with preparing,such regulations to evaluate with care the benefits, needs and burdens of such recordkeeping requirements upon all concerned. HNA 27435 ' Tabla I OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH STANDARDS PUBLISHED FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES As of November 15, 1975 Final Rules asb esto s A- nitrobiphcnyl alpha- naphtylamine A,A' methylene bis (2 chloroaniliue) methyl chloromethyl ether 3,3' dichlorobenzidine (and salts) bis chloromethyl ether beta- naphthylamine benzidine A- aminodiphenyl ethyleneinine beta- proprolactone 2- acetylaminofluorene A- dimethylanineoazobenzene n- nitrosodinethylamino vinyl chloride Proposed Rules lead toluene csbestos (revision to previous rule) beryllium tvichlorocl iiv.1ere inorganic. arsenic (Standards -Cor.pietio:: Program) 22- p-tertalpha- 5- butanone pentanone cyclohexanone hexene methyl (r.-a:nyl) ketone ethyl butyl ketone butyl it . Icon;: cumene ethyl benzene r-.thyl styrene Etyrer.a v!;:;;. vcl u.n' cyclohexane camphor mesityl orie'e nc.thyl-3-heptcnona ozone HNA 27436 HNA 27437 Table II RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCE OCCUPATIONAL h e a l t h s t a n d a r d ;: FINAL RULEMAKING AS OF NOVEMBER 15, 1S75 Asbestos SUBSTANCE 4-Nitrobiphenyl TYPE OF RECORDS Medical Employee exposure Medical Alpha-naphtylamine It 4,4* Methylene bis (2 chloroaniline) II Methyl chloromethyl ether 3,3' Dichlorobenzidine (and salts) II Eis chloromethyl ether It Ectn-naphthylamine It Benzidine II 4-Aminodiphenyl II Ethyleneimine II Beta-proprolactono II RETENTION 2C years 3 years During employment II tl II II tl It II II II TRANSFER OF RECORD No requirement No require::. ir.Z To NI03H when employer ceases business with no successor or employee termination. II tl It II II II 11 II II II ...... 1 i 1 1 1 1 l i 1 l 1 1 [ Table II RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Z':'.'IFlf FINAL RULEMAKING AS OF NOVEMBER 15, IS75 (Continued) SUBSTANCE 2-AceCylaminofluorene 4-Dime thylamineoazobenzene N-'nitrosodinethylamino Vinyl chloride TYPE OF RECORDS RETENTION TRANSFER OF RECORD Medical II II During employment To NIOSH whan employer ceases business with no successor or employee termination. II II \ II II Monitoring and measuring 30 ya.-.ro II Medical 30 years or employee tl termination + 20 yrs.,` whichever ia greater L * l ) I J HIMA 27438 Tabic II RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH STANDARDS PROPOSED RULEMAKING AS G? HCVLliEER 15, 1975 1 Lead SUBSTANCE TYPE OF RECORDS RETENTION Employee exposure determinations Employee exposure measurements. Mechanical ventilation measurements Employee training ' Medical 1 year 40 years 2years 1 year 40 years * TRANSFER GF RECORD ?! To NIOSil when employer ceases business with no successor or employee termination ,, II II Toluene Exposure determination Employee exposure measurements Mechanical ventilation measurements Employee training Medical 2 years 10 years 2 years 2 years 10 years \sbestos L y Employee exposure records 4C yaera or employee termination + 20 yrs. whichever is greater Medical It II Mechanical ventilation measurements It Employee training 11 Beryllium Employee exposure measurements Medical Mechanical ventilation Employee training 40 years or employee termination + 20 yrs. whichever is greater II Trichloroethylene Employee exposure determinations 7. years II Employee exposure meents 10 /.v:rs II Mechanical ventilationmeasurements 2 years II Employee training 1 year II Medical 10 years I HNA 27439 HIMA 27440 Table II RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH STANDARDS PROPOSED RULEMAKING AS OF NOVEMBER 15, 1575 (Continued) SUBSTANCE TYPE OF RECORDS RETENTION TRANSFER OF RECORD norganic arsenic Employee exposure determinations Employee exposure measurements Mechanical ventilation measurements Respirator usage Employee information and training Medical' 5 years 40 years 2 y tern 5 ye'.re ? j Cr.*o1v. Ct 40 years or employee termination + 20 yrs. whichever is greater Yd^TTFi when- employer ceases business with no successor or employee termination ,, CP Standards* Exposure determination % Exposure measurements Until released by a more recent record No requirement Until released by a No requirement more recent record but no less than 1 yr. Mechanical ventilation measurements 1 year No requirement Employee training Until replaced by a more recent record No requirement Medical Duration of employment SCP Standards: i* 2- butanone, 2- pentanone, cyclohexanone, licxone, methyl (n-ercyl) ketone, ethyl butyl ketone, p-tert- butyltoluene, cumene, ethyl benzene, alpha- methyl styrene, styrene, vinyl toluene, cyclohexane, camphor, mesityl oxide, 5 - methyl-3-heptanone, ozone !r - , , I I ? I i INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SAMPLING DATA SHEET Facility Clegartmerit Sample No. Date Sample Type: E m p l o y e e 's Na m e Job Pens. Description of Operation Type oF Contaminant Control Serial No . ate of Last Calib. Sampling Accessories Used Sampling Time Total Begin End Minutes Sampling Rate Begin End' A verage Results - -HNA 27441 Person Conducting Survey [ S i g n e d ] __________________ _ l n f c r o f l f i c c A l e m o r a i i d i i i i i >d (Nam ana Lo catio n ) l See Below r r o m {Nam e ana Location ) Mr. C. S. Laubly - New York .h N . 1.1 OA rf 5-3-78 =IF -e E M CE N O CSL:78-38 Subject: : Mr. V. Eackles - Charlotte Dr. G. Halek - Chatham Mr. W. Hamman - Hilliard Dr. H. Kolodner - Charlotte Mr. S. Krivan - Louisville Mr. V. Parrillo - Summit Mr.' J. Pullen - Charlotte Mr. J. Ramey - New York - Mr. P. Paliyenko - Charlotte Aabaa coa The attached information on asbestos is the result of recent conversations with various plant safety personnel. Would you please distribute the attached to those plants in your group. Thank you. k C. S. Laubly CSL:rd Att. cc: Dr. E. M. Dixon - N.Y. Dr. L. Starr - N.Y. HNA 27442 ASBESTOS In previous communications from the Medical Department, we have acquainted you with the requirements of the OSHA Asbestos Standard, 1910.1001. From time to time as our staff visits plants, we note that while asbestos is no longer used for insulation, there are occasions when workers are exposed to asbestos fibers from demolition, re-work of equipment and removal from surfaces. In many instances asbestos exposures may occur because the work order is given and the job completed before responsible plant staff persons are even notified. Any removal of asbestos, no matter how small, should conform to the OSHA standard. Of particular con cern are che inadvertent exposures of workers not directly concerned with the asbestos removal. Common insulation materials manufactured and installed before 1972 generally contained asbestos. The removal of these asbestoscontaining insulations from piping, vessels, furnaces, dryers, etc., present definite hazards of exposure to asbestos, not only to the people removing the insulation, but to other people who may be working in or passing through the area, or those collecting the removed material for disposal. By adopting the following precautionary measures and using sound judgment, each employee can perform his/her work in a perfectly safe and healthful manner. Work Area Precautions The work area should be roped off during the removal of as bestos-containing insulation and warning signs (See Fig.l) posted to inform anyone anticipating entering the area, to take the necessary protective steps. If work is being performed above open grating, the grating area under the work should be covered with drop cloths, tarpaulins or poly ethylene film to contain insulation that might fall or filter down to work areas below. Working Wet Insofar as practicable, insulation should be wet down before it is removed. If not before removal, it should be wet down as soon after removal as possible, to prevent the emission of airborne fibers. Wet sweeping and wash down should be practiced in all feasible situations. When wet cleanup is impractical for any reason, sweeping com pound at a minimum must be applied to the work area during cleanup. HNA 27443 T Respirators A National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) approved respirator should be worn while removing and cleaning up all insulation. When the job can be worked wet, ventilation is good and it is an unconfined area, a disposable cartridge type air purifying respirator (dust mask) may be used. In all other situatiijns: dry work, poor ventilation or a relatively enclosed area, an air-supplied Type "C" continuous flow or pressure demand respirator should be used. Pis posa1 All removed insulation containing asbestos should be disposed of in dustproof containers such as polyethylene bags or covered fiber drums. These containers are to be securely wired closed. A caution tag (See Fig.2) must be attached to each container. Care should be taken during all phases of handling and disposal to see that these containers are not broken open. Final disposal should be in a landfill approved for disposal of asbestos wastes where the con tainers are covered as quickly as possible. Clothing On jobs where asbestos containing dust can be expected to accumulate on clothing, the use of disposable coveralls is recommended. These coveralls can be removed following completion of the job and placed in one of the disposal containers before sealing. Other types of protective clothing must be stored apart from street clothing and placed in dustproof polyethylene bags when sent out for laundering. A caution tag must be placed on these bags to alert laundry employees of possible asbestos contamination. A letter must also be sent to the laundry outlining proper procedure for handling asbestos contaminated clothing and indicating the precautions taken to protect all employees from possible asbestos hazards. Caution: At no time is compressed air to be used for dusting off skin or clothing. T raining All persons involved with the removal, clean-up, and disposal of asbestos-containing insulation should be informed of the health hazards associated with the handling of these materials. Persons responsible for implementation of asbestos work practices should refer to the OSHA Standard 1910.1001 to assure that his p.lanjt is consistent with the applicable provisions of the standard. * HNA 27444 flv > h '.tali.nhmrnt n/ a respirator pro fill) Spruvlng. rtnnnUtlrin, ttr removal gram (ai Tlir rmiilnyrr -.hall pr.talillr.li t IV10.1001 Asla-slm. fR) Definitions. For the purpose of Employees engaged In the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of a respirator program In accordance with the requirements of the American Na this section. (1) "Asbestos" Includes pipes, structures, or equipment covered chrysotlle. amoslte. crocldollte, tremo- or Insulated with asbestos, and in the tional Standards Practices for Respira tory Protection. ANSI Z88 2-1969. which Ute, anthophylllte, and actlnolite. removal or demolition of asbestos in Is incorporated by reference herein (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos sulation or coverings shall be provided b. See 5 1910.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z88 2-1969 and the main fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne with respiratory equipment in accord ance with paragraph 'd)(2><liil of this tenance of an historic file In connection therewith. The address of the American concentrations of asbestos fibers--(1) section and with special clothing in ac National Standards Institute Is given in Standard effective July 7, 1972. The cordance with paragraph (d)(3) of this 5 1910.100. 8-hour time-weighted average airborne section. (c) No employee shall be assigned to concentrations of asbestos fibers to (d) Personal protective equipment-- tasks requiring the use of respirators if. which any employee may be exposed (1) Compliance with the exposure limits shall not exceed five fibers, longer than prescribed by paragraph <b) of this sec based upon his most recent examination, 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of tion may not be achieved by the use of an examining physician determines that the employee will be unable to function ascirr,ibaesd dInetepramraignreadphbylet)heofmtheitshosdectpioren. rpelospyeireast.oerxs ceoprt: shift rotation of em normally wearing a respirator, or that (2) Standard effective July 1, 976. (1) During the time period necessary oththeesrafeemtyplooyreheseawltihll obfe tIhmepeamirepdloybeye hoisr The 8-hour time-weighted average air to install the engineering controls and borne concentrations of asbestos fibers to Institute the work practices required use of a respirator. Such employee shall to which any employee may be exposed by paragraph <c) of this section; be rotated to another Job or given the shall not exceed two fibers, longer than (It) In work situations In which the opportunity to transfer to a different po sition whose duties he Is able to perform 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. methods prescribed In paragraph (c) of this section are either technically not feasible or feasible to an extent Insuffi with the same employer. In the same geo graphical area and with the same senior ity, status, and rate of pay he had just (3) Ceiling concentration. No em cient to reduce the airborne concentra prior to such transfer. If such a difierent ployee shall be exposed at any time to tions of asbestos fibers below the limits position is available. airborne cencentratlons of asbestos prescribed by paragraph (b) of this (3) Special clothing: The employer fibers In excess of 10 fibers, longer than section; or hall provide, and require the use of. spe i micrometer, per cubic centimeter of (111) In emergencies. cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar air. as determined by the method pre (iv) Where both respirators and per whole body clothing, head coverings, scribed In paragraph (e) of this section. sonnel rotation are allowed by subdivi gloves, and foot coverings for any em (c) Methods of compliance--(1) En sions (1). (11). or (ill) of this subpara graph. and both are practicable, person ployee exposed to airborne concentra gineering methods. (1) Engineering con nel rotation shall be preferred and used. tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed In paragraph <b) trols. Engineering controls, such as, but not limited to. Isolation, enclosure, ex (2) Where a respirator Is permitted by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, it of this section. haust ventilation, and dust collection, shall be selected from among those ap (4) Change rooms: (1) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne shall be used to meet the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. proved by the Bureau of Mines. Depart ment of the Interior.'or the National In stitute for Occupational Safety and concentrations of asbestos fibers in ex cess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph <b ) of this section, the em (11) Local exhaust ventilation, (a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust col Health. Department of Health, Educa tion. and Welfare, under the provisions of ployer shall provide change rooms for lection systems shall be designed, con 30 CFR Part 11 (37 F.R. 6244. Mar. 25. employees working regularly at the placeill) Clothes lockers: The employer structed. installed, and maintained In accordance with the American National 1972), and shall be used In accordance with subdivisions (1). (11), (111), and (lv) shall provide two separate lockers or con Standard Fundamentals Governing the of this subparagraph. tainers for each employee, so separated or Isolated as to prevent contamination Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems. ANSI Z9.2-1971. which Is In corporated by reference herein. (1) Air purifying respirators. A reusa ble or single use air purifying respirator, or a respirator described In subdivision of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes. (ill) Laundering: (a) Laundering ol <b) See | 1910.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z9.2-1971, and the (ID or (111) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of asbestos contaminated clothing shall be maintenance of a historic file in connec tion therewith. The address of the Amer airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in done so as to prevent the release of air borne asbestos fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) ican National Standards Institute Is given in 5 1910.100. paragraph (b> of this section, when the celling or the 8-hour time-weighted aver of this section. (b) Any employer who gives asbestos- rill) Particular tools. All hand-op erated and power-operated tools which age airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed contaminated clothing to another person may produce or release asbestos fibers In excess of the exposure limits pre no more than 10 times those limits. Ill) Powered air purifying respirators. for laundering shall inform such person of the requirement in <a ) of this subdi scribed In paragraph <b) of this section, such as. but not Umlteu to, saws, scorers, A full facepiece powered air purifying vision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be pro respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in the exposure limits prescribed In para vided with local exhaust ventilation sys tems In accordance with subdivision (11) of this subparagraph. subdivision (111) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the graph ib) of this section. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported In sealed Impermeable bags, (2) Work practices--(1) Wet methods. respirator below the exposure limits pre or other closed, impermeable containers, Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, and labeled In accordance with para handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut. scored, or otherwise worked in a wet when the ceiling or the 8-hour time- graph (g) of this section. (e) Method o/ measurement Ail de state sufficient to prevent the emission weighted average concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected terminations of airborne concentrations of airborne fibers in excess of the ex to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, of asbestos fibers shall be made by the posure limits prescribed in paragraph those limits. membrane filter method at 400-450 x (b) of this section, unless the usefulness (til) Type "C" supplied-air respirators, imagnificatlon) (4 millimeter objective) of the product would be diminished thereby. continuous flow or pressure-demand class. A type "C" continuous flow or pres with phase contrast Illumination. if) Montionnp^--(1) Initial determi (11) Particular products and opera tions. No asbestos cement, mortar, coat sure-demand, supplled-air respirator nations. Within 6 months ol the publi shall be used to reduce the concentra cation of this section, every employer ing. grout, plaster, or similar materia! containing asbestos shall be removed tions of airborne asbestos fibers In the shall cause every place of employment respirator below the exposure limits pre where asbestos fibers are released to be from bags, cartons, or other containers scribed In paragraph (b) of this section, monitored In such a way as to determine In which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated when the celling or the 8-hour time- whether every-employee s exposure to weighted average airborne concentra asbestos fibers Ts below the limits pre so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the tions of asbestos fibers are reasonably scribed Ln paragraph (b) of this sec expected to exceed 100 times those limits. tion. If the limits are exceeded, the em limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of ployer shall Immediately undertake a this section. compliance program In accordance with HIMA 27445 paragraph (c) of this section ,21 Personal monitorino--M) Sam ples shall be collected from within the breathing zone of the employees, on membrane filters of 0.8 micrometer po Legend Do Not Remain In Area Unless Your Work Re quires It. Notation vj " Gothic. rosity mounted in an open-face Alter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour timeweighted average airborne concentra tions and of the celling concentrations of asbestos fibers. Breathing Asbestos Dust 14 point Gothic. May Be Hazardous T, Your Health. Spacing between imr;. shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of any two lines. <il> Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of em ployees. In no case shall the sampling be done at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section. (3> Environmental monitoring--(1) samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are represent ative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall (2) Caution labels--fl) Labeling Cau tion labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label Is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use. handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed In paragraph (b) of this section will be released. Mi) Label specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (I) of this subparagraph shall be printed In letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: C au tio n be taken for the determination of the 8- Contains Asbestos Fibers hour time-weighted average airborne Avoid Creating Gust concentrations and of the ceiling con centrations of asbestos fibers. Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Serious BodUy Harm (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. (h> Housekeeping--(1) Cleaning. All After the Initial determinations required by subparagraph tl) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the external surfaces in any place of employ ment shall be maintained free of accu mulations of asbestos fibers if, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. employees. In no case shall sampling be (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, at intervals greater than 6 months for scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip employees whose exposures to asbestos ment. and asbestos-contaminated cloth may reasonably be foreseen to exceed ing. consigned for disposal, which may the exposure limits prescribed In para produce In any reasonably foreseeable graph (b) of this section. use. handling, storage, processing, dis (4) Employee observation o/ monitor posal. or transportation airborne concen ing. Affected employees, or their rep trations of asbestos fibers In excess of tin. resentatives. shall be given a reasonable exposure limits prescribed in paragraph opportunity to observe any monitoring (b) of this section shall be collected and required by this paragraph and shall have disposed of In sealed Imperweable bags, access to the records thereof. or other closed. Impermeable containers. (g) Caution signs and labels, (li Cau tion signs. <i) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers m ay be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed In paragraph (b> of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps be fore entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all ap proaches to areas containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. M) Recordkeeping--(1) Exposure rec ords. Every employer shall maintain rec ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. R ec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 20 years and shall be made avail able upon request to the Assistant Sec retary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representa tives of cither. | I 9 1 0 . l 001 (IH 1J mended at 41 f'R 1 1505. March 19. 1976| (2) Employee access. Every employee ill) Sign specifications. The warning signs required by subdivision (1) of this subparagraph shall conform to the re quirements of 20" x 14" vertical format signs specified in 1910.145(d)(4), and to this subdivision. The signs shall dis play the following legend In the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a and former employee shall have reason able access to any record required to be maintained by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, which Indicates the em ployee's own exposure to asbestos fibers (3) Employee notification. Any em ployee found to have been exposed at a :y time to airborne concentrations of asbes visibility at least equal to that specified tos fibers in excess of the limits pre In this subdivision. scribed in paragraph <b> of this section Legend A zbesU M __________________ D u ll H a z a rd _____________ Notation l" S a m SerlT. Gothic or Block. 44" S a m S e rif. shall be notified in writing of the expo sure as soon as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the cor rective action being taken. O o tiu e or B lo c k . A void B re a th in g D u s t _ Va " G o th ic W ear Assigned P ro te ctive Va " G o th ic . Kcuipm-nt HIMA 27446 ij) Medical examinations--' l l Gen eral. The employer shall provide or make available at his cost, medical examina tions relative to exposure to asbestos re quired by this paragraph (2) Preplacement. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days fol lowing his first employment in an occupation exposed to Irborne con centrations of asbestos fibers, a compre hensive medical examination, which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 Inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,,). "(3) Annual examinations. On or be fore January 31. 1973. and at least an nually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or make available, comprehen sive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged In occupations ex posed to airborne concentrations of as bestos fibers. Such annual examination shall Include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram 'posterior-anterior 14 x 17 Inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests lo Include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,-). (4) Termination of employment The employer shall provide, or make avail able. within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment of any employee engaged in an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram 'pos terior-anterior 14 x 17 inches', a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to Include forced vital capacity iFVC' and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,.). (5) Recent examinations. No medical examination Is required of any em ployee. if adequate records show that the employee has been examined In ac cordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. (6) Medical records--<l) Mainte nance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examina tions. Records shall be retained by employers for at least 20 years. (11) Access. The contents of the rec ords of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be made available, for inspection and copying, to the A."i?t;>.nt Sec rewry of Libor : Occuim io:i.w! o-.'oty a::-: If-V 1. : D.rcclor of 2.iU 'ilf to a :> ".> and .t.co'.c j! ccnvj'.t' n; ol <' of lit.in. a:i i. niu.-i i* pi'jyeo cr lorm'-r eir:ploi<.r. to !.:s i !n Any i: i.ii'. win coivl;: iiK'ii'.Til r \ - ".111.0:40:1 r-.'i-in b r> . paragraph shall furnish to the emplojer of the examined employee all the infor mation' specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical In formation related to occupational ex posure to asbestos fibers. |See. 1 9 10.93a ad deif 31*36 T R 2 3 2 0 7 . Deceit.- her 7. 1971. ns em ergency le n ip o r.in '.m il ard: issued j i perm anent si.indim l ii 3 7 I It I 13 I 8. June 7. 197 2. elective J ids 7. 197 2: redcsirmaicd See 1 91 0 H im 31 4 0 I R 2'>'172. M v JV IO'<I