Document pmqYn5XEOLVvbdwME3dvGXbV6

alphabetical list op hazardous occupations. 7 Grain elevator workers, D 2. Lead foil makers. A 1. J 28. Granite workers. See Stonecutters. Lead miners, J 28. .See also Miners. Graphite workers, A 1, D 1. Lead pipe makers. J 28. Grinders (colors). See Color makers. Lead salts makers, J 28. Grinders (metals), C, D 1. J 8, 28. Lead smelters, A 1, D 1, J S. 9, 16, Grinders (rubber). D 2, J 8, 28. 28, 46. Guncotton dippers, J 37, 48. Guncotton pickers. D 2. Guncotton washers, C. Leather workers, D 2, F 1. See also Tannery workers. Leer tenders (glass), A 1. Guncotton wringers, J 37. Letter sorters. H. Gypsum workers, D 1. Levermen (iron and steel), A 1. Llfters-over (glass). A 1. Hair workers, C, D 2, F 1, 3. Lime burners, D 1, J 10, 14, 16. Hammermen, H. Limekiln chargers, D 1. T 14, 16. Hardeners (felt hatj), J 29, 30. Lime pullers (tannery), C, F 1. Hardeners (metals). A 1. Lime workers D 1. Harness makers, D 2. Linen workers D 2. Hat makers, felt. See Felt-hat mak Linoleum colorers, J 9, 21. ers. Linoleum makers A 2, C, D 1, J 3, 5, Heater boys (riveters), J 28. 11. 28. 30, 48, 52. Heel makers (shoes), D 2 Llnotypers, J 8, 28. Hemp workers, D 2. Linseed-oil boilers, J 3, 28. Horn workers, D 1. Lithographers D 1, H, J 7, 9, 11, 12, Hothouse workers, A 2. 21, 28. 37, 52. Hot-rod rollers (iron and steel), A 1. Lltho-tranafer workers, J 28. Hydrochloric-acid makers. J 26, 48. Locksmiths H. Longshoremen, F 1. Ice (artificial) makers. See Artificial- Lumbermen, A 2, F 2. ice makers. Lnters (sine smelting), A 1, J 13. Ice-cream makers, A 2, C. Imitation-pearl makers. J 28. 3T. Machinists H. Incandescent-lamp makers, J 5, 16. 28, Marble cutters, D 1. 29, 30, 37. See alto particular occu Marblera (glaaa). A 1. pation. Masons 0, D 1, H. Incandescent-mantle hardeners, E. Match-factory workers, C, D 1, 2, J 15, Ink makers, J 21, 30. 21, 28. 42. 47. Insecticide makers, J 9, 15, 28, 42. Mattress makers D 2. Insulators, J 49. Meat Inspectors F L Iron and steel workers (all depart Melters (foundary; glasa), A 1. ments), A 1. See also particular oc Mercerlsers, J 4, 48. cupy "'on. Mercurlal-vapor-lamp makers, J 29. Ironerj. A 2. Mercury bronzers J 29. Mercury miners J 29. See also Miners. Japan makers, A 2, J 9, 11, 28, SO, 52. Mercury salts workers, J 29. Japanners. 8m Japan makers. Mercury smelters, A 1, J 16, 29, 46. Jewelers, D L <3, H, J 5, 9, 26, 28, 29, Mercury-solder makers J 29. 37, 48. Mercury-still cleaners J 2ft Junk metal refiners, A 1, D 1, J 13, 28. Metal polishers, G. Jute workers, D 2. Metal-polish makers, J 25. Metal turners, D L Kiln tenders, A1, J 16. Metal workers. See particular occu Knitters, H. pation. Knitting-mill workers, D 2. Mica strippers or splitters, D 1. Mica workers, D 1. Labelers (paint cans), J 28. Microscoplsts H. Lacs makers, D 2. Milkers H. Lacfiuerers. See Lacquer makers. Millinery workers J 7, 11. 12, 30. Lacquer makers, J 5, 1L 12, 28, 30, 52. 38, 52. Lampblack makers, J 38, 39. Miners A 2, 0, D 1, T 2, Q, H, J 14. Lapidaries, D L 16, 37, 47. ^rd makers, J 8. sters (shoes), A 2, C, D 2, J 30. Mirror allverers A 2, C. J 1. 28, 29. Mixers (felt bats), D 2, J 29. Lathe turners, H. Mirers (rubber), A 2. D 1, J 7. 3. 9. Laundry workers, A 2, C, J 16,17,18. 11. 12. 21. 28. Layer pullers (glass), A L . Lead burners, J 10, 28. Mlxlng-room workers (miscellaneous), D 1, 2. 8 occupation hazards and diagnostic signs. Mold breakers ('oundry), D 1. I Photo-engravers, J 12. 2L 30. 37. Molders. See Bench molders. Floor Photographers, E, G, J 30, 44. molders. Photographic workers, J 7, 12, 18, 21, Monotypers, J 8. 28. 22, 29. Mordanters, J 8. 8, 9. 11. 12. 21, 37. Photograph retouchers. J 28. Motlon-plcture-fllm makers. See Cellu Plcklers, C. J 10. 22. 26. 37, 48. loid makers. Motormen. A 2. Mottlers (leather), J 5, 30. Plcric-acld makers, J 37, 39, 44, 48. Figment makers. See Color makers. Pipe fitters. J 28. See alio liquid Movlng-plcrure-machlne operators, E. piped. Muffle tenders. A 1. Pitch workers, J 9. Murlatlc-acld makers. See Hydro Pit molders (foundry), A 1. D 1. chloric-add makers. Planer men (stone, metal), D 1. Murlatlc-acld mixers. See Acid Plasterers, C, D 1. mixers. Musical-Instrument makers, J 28. Plaster of Paris workers, D 1. Platers. See Electroplaters. Musicians, H. Plumbers, J 28. See alio substance manufactured. Nickel platers, C. See also Electro Pneumatic-tool workers. D 1. H. platers. Polishers, D 1, J 5, 25, 28. 30. Nltrators, J 37, 48. Polishers (furniture). See Furniture Nltrlc-acld workers. J 28, 37, 48. polishers. Nitroglycerin makers, J 10, 28, 36, Porcelain makers. See Pottery. 37, 48. Porters. H. Pot fillers (glass), A 1. Oilcloth makers. See Linoleum Pot lifters (iron and steel), A 1. makers. Pot pullers (foundry), A 1. Oil extractors, J 15. Pot-room workers (aluminum foun Oll-flotatlon-plant workers, J 38, 46, dry; carbide plant), A 1. 47 48. Pot setters, A 1. OH refiners. See Petroleum refiners. Pottery workers, A 1, C, D 1, J 9, 14. Oil-well workers, J 38. 18, 26, 23,46. See also particular oc Open-hearth-department workers (Iron cupation. and steel), A 1. Pouncers (felt hats), D 1, 2. Oxy-acetylene cutters, B. Pourers (brass foundry), A L J 13. Preparers (tannery), C, F 1, 3. Packing-house employees, A 2, C. Presaers, H, J 16. Painters, H, J 7. 11, 12, 25, 28. 30, 52. Preasman (oil refining), C. Paint makers. C, J 7, 11, 12, 15, 28, Pressmen (printers). D 1. 29. 30. 49, 52. Pressroom workers (rubber), A 2, J 7. Paint removers, D 1, J 28. 8, 9. 11,12, 21. Pair heaters (tin-plate), A L Primers (erploslves), J 29. Paper-box makers. EL Printers, D U 7, 8, 8, 11. 28, 52. Paper glasers, J A. Puddlers (iron and steel), A l, E. Paperhangers, D 1, J 9, 21, 28. Pnllers-ont (felt hats), C. Paper makers, A 2, C. See alio par Pulp-mill employees, C. See alio par ticular occupation. ticular occupation. Paraffin workers, J 15, 38, 49. Putty makers, D 1, J 11.15, 28. Patent-leathar makers, A 2, J 5,16, 28, Putty polishers (glass), D 1. J 28. 30, 48. 52. Pyrites burners, A 1, D l. J 9, 48. 47. Pavers, A 1. H, J 49. Pyroxylin makers. See Guncotton. Pencil (colored) makers, J 7, 9, 21. Perfume makers, JT 23, 30, 34. Quarrymen, D l P 2. Petroleum refiners, A 1, C, J 25, 28, 28, 88, 48, 47, 48, 49. Bag workers, 0 2,73. Phenol makers. See Carbolic-add Reclaimers (rubber). J 7,12,15, 28, 28. makers. 48. Phosgene makers, J 16, 18, 41. Red-lad workers, J 28. Phoephate-mlU workers, A 2, C, D 1, Refiners (metals), A 1, X 9, 10. 16. 28. J 42. See alio Fertiliser makars. 29. 87, 48. See alio particular metal. Phosphor-bronse workers, J 42. Refiners (sugar). See Sugar refiners. Phoephorus-compounda makers, J 42. Refrlgeratlng-plant workers, A 2. <\ Phoaphprus - evaporating machine op 3 4. erators, A 2, C, J 48. Riveters, H, J 28. Phosphorus extractors, J 42. 43. Holler coverers (cotton mills). C. D 2 Phoephorns (red) makers. J 43. Rollers (metals), A L alphabetical list of hazardous occupations. 9 Roll setters (iron and steel), A 1. Roll wrenchers i iron and steel). A 1. Roofers, A 2. J 23. 49. Roofing-paper workers, J 49. Rope makers, D 2. Roughers (iron and steel). A 1. Rubber-glove makers. J 11. Rubber-substitute makers, J 45. Rubber-tire builders, J 9, 11, 12, 21. Rubber washers, J 9. 11. 12. 21. Rubber workers, A 2, D 1. 2. J 7, 8, 9, 11. 12, 21. 25. 26. 23. 39, 46. 52. See alto particular occupation. Sagger makers. C, D 1, J 23. Sailors, A 2. H. Salt extractors (Coke-oven by-prod ucts), J 4, 48. Salt preparers. A 2. C, D 1. Sand blasters. D 1. Sand cutters, D 1. Sanders. D 1. Sandlng-machlne operators, D 1. Sandpaperers (enameling and patntlng auto bodies, etc.), D 1, J 28. Saw fliers, D 1. Saw-mill workers, D 2, F 2. Sawyers, H. Scissors sharpeners. H. Scourers, wood lasts (shoes), D 2. Scrapers (foundry), D 1. Screen tenders (pulp mill), C. Screen workers (lead and zinc smelt ing), D 1, J 28. Sealers (Incandescent lamps), J '3. Sealing-wax makers, J 9, 52. Seamstresses, H. Sewer workers, C. J 4. 14, 47. Sewing-machine operators, H. Shale-oil workers. See Petroleum refiners. Shavers (felt hats, fur, tannery), C, D 2, P 1, 3. Shaving-brush makers, D 2, P L Sheep-dip makers. J 9. Sheet-metal workers. J 28. Shellackera. See Shellac makers. Shellac makers, J 4. 5, 11, 12, 28, 30, 62. Shell fillers, J 35, 44. 5L Shepherds, P L Shoddy workers, D 2, P 3, J 10, 26, 48. Shoe-factory operatives, D 2, J 5, 12, 30. See alto particular occupation. Shoe finishers, A 2, J 4, 5, 6,11,12, 25, 30. Shoemakers. See Cobblers. Shot makers, J 8. 9, 28. Shove-in boys (glass), A 1. Sifters, D 1, 2. Silicate extractors. J 27. Silk workers, D 2, F 3. Silo workers. J 14. Silverers (mirrors). See Mirror sil verrs. Silver melters, A 2, J 16. Silver refiners, J 22. Singers (cloth). J 18. Sintering-plant workers. D 1. Sizers i felt hats), C. J 29. Skimmers (glass), A 1. Slag-machine tenders (iron and steel). A 1. Slate workers. D 1. Slip makers (pottery), C, D 1, J 23. Slushers (porcelain enameling). J 23. Smelters. Sec particular metal. Smokeless-powder makers, J 5. 12. 15, 34, 39. 44. Smoothers (glass), C. D 1. Soap makers. - 2. C. F 3. .1 3. 30. 34. Soda makers. C. J 4. 14. 16. 37. 47. Sodium-hydroxide makers, C. Sodium-sulphide makers, J 47. Softeners (tannery), D 2. Solderers, J 26. 28. . Sole stitchers (Blake machine). J 29. Spinners (asbestos). D 1. Spinners (textiles), D 2, H. Spongers, C. Sprayers, C. Sprayers (trees), J 9, 28. Spreaders (rubber works), A 2. Stablemen, P 1. Stainers (shoes), J 28. Stamp-mill workers, C, DL Starch makers. D 2, J 14, 47. Starters (felt hata), C, J 29. Statuary workers, D 1. Steam fitters. See pipe fitters. Stearic-add makers, A 2, J 3. Steel engravers, G, J 28, 29, 37. See alto Engravers. Stereotypers. A 2. J 8, 28. Stiffeners (felt hats), J 29, 30. Still (coal-tar) cleaners, A 1. J 12, 49. Stillmen (carbolic add), A l, J 39. Stillmen, operating, A 1. Stitchers (shoes), J 30. Stokers, A 1, E, J 16. Stonecutters (dry), D 1, H. Stonecutters (wet process). C. D i, H. Storage-battery makers, J 28,-29, 46. 48. Straw-hat makers, A 2. D 2. Submarine (atorage-battery) worker:. J 10. Sugar refiners, A 2, C, D 1, J 4. u. 46, 47. Sulphite cooks (pulp mill). A 2. <\ J 46. Sulphur burners, A 1. D 1. J 9. 46. Sulphur-chloride makers, J IS. 26. Sulphurers (hops and malt). J 46. Sulphur extractors, J 15. Sulphuric-add workers, J 9. 10, 23. 37. 46, 48. Sumackers (tannery), C. F l. Surgical-dressing makers, J 39. Table hands (tannery), C. F 1. Table operators (iron and att-vl >. a I 10 OCCUPATION' HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. Table turners (enameling), A 2, D 1. J 23. Tailors. H. Takers-down (glass), A 1. Tallow refiners, F 3, J 3, 15, 48. Tank men. C. Tannerv workers. C. p 3. J T, 9. 11, 17, 21. 22, 28. 48. 47. 48. Tapers (airplanes) J 50. Tappers (smelting), A 1. Tsr workers. .1 49. Taxidermists. D 2. F 1, J 9, 29. Teazers (glass). A 1. J 16. Telegraphers, H. Telephone linemen (trench work), C. Temperers, A 1. C. .1 18, 22, 28, 38, 48. Textile-comb makers, O 1. Textile printers. See Calico printers. Textile workers, A 2. C, D 2. See alto particular occupation. Thermometer makers, J 29. Thread glazers, A 2, C. Tile makers, A 2, C. D 1. J 28. Tin-foil makers. A 1, J 28. Tinners. A l. C, J 3, 4, 9. 10, 26. 28. Tin-plate mill workers. See Iron and steel workers. Tire builders. See Rubber-tire makers. Tobacco molstenera, C. Tobacco rollers, D 2. Tobacco workers, D 2. Tongsmen (Iron and steel), A 1. Tool makers, D 1. Top fillers (foundry), A 1, D 1. Towermen (sulphuric add), J 10, 37, 46, 48. Toy makers. J 5, 9, 28. Transfer workers (pottery), J 28. 52. Transporters of hides and wool, F 1. Treaders (rubber), J 12. Tree sprayers. See Sprayers (trees). Trench diggers, F 2. Tnbemakers (glass), A 1. Tubulatora (incandescent lamps), J 16. Tumbling barrel workers, D 1. Tunnet workers, B, F 2, O. Tumers-out (glass), A 1. Turpentine extractors. C, J 52. Type cleaners, J 11, SO. Type founders, J 28. Typesetters, J 28. Typists, H. Upholsterers, D 2, J 30. Vapor eurers. See Vulcanizers. Varnish boilers, J 3. Varnish makers, A 2, J 1. 3, 4. 11. 12. 30, 52. Vatmen, C. Velvet makers, C, J 9. Veterinarians. F 1, 3. Vignetters, J 26. Vinegar workers, J 1. Vinters. J 14. Vulcanizers. A Z C, J 7, 8. 11. 12. 1.', 21. 30, 45. Vulcanizers (steam) A 2, C. Wallpaper printers. A 2. C, J 0. 21, 2S. Warming-house employees (guncot ton), A 2. Washers, C. Washers (rubber). C. Washwomen, C, EL Watchmakers, G, H. Water gliders. J 29. Waterproof-cloth makers, J 25. Weavers, D 2, H. Weighers, D 1, 2, Welders, A 1, E. J 13. 28. White-lead workers, J 14, 28. Wire drawers, J 9, 48. Wlrers (Incandescent lamps), J 5. Wood-alcohol distillers, J 30. Wood-last scourers (shoes), D 2. Wood preservers, J 9, 39, 49. Wood stalners, J 21, 28. Woodworkers. D 2, J 25, 30. Wool carders, D 2. F 1. Wool scourers, A 2, C. Wool spinners. D2F1 Wool workers, D 2, F 1. See also par ticular occupation. Wringers (guncotton), J 37. X-ray workers, E. Yeast makers, J 14. Zinc-chloride makers, J 10. 18, 26. Zinc-electrode makers, J 29. Zinc miners. J 9. See alto Miners Zinc smelters, A 1, J 13, 16, 28. 46. Section II.--LIST OF HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS, OCCUPATION'S EXPOSED, AND PREVENTION. A. ABNORMALITIES 07 TEMPIRATtrRE. The primary physiological effect of abnormal temperatures is the disturbance or the heat-regulating system of the body. Heat dilates the blood vessels on the surface of the body, increasing the supply of blood in this region. Cold, on the other hand, constricts the blood vessels, causing a diminished blood supply on the body surface. Continuous abrupt changes from one extreme of temperature to another may cause serious congestion of the internal organs, the heat-regulating system of the body not being capable of adapting itself to sudden variations. It is in this way that a cold draft, which causes a sudden variation of the temperature, may produce neu ralgia, paralysis, and respiratory diseases. Extremes of tempera ture may produce pathological changes by direct action. Thus, ex treme dry heat will cause conjunctivitis, cataract, and the familiar sunburn. Extreme cold may cause frostbite and eczema. With the above data in mind, abnormalities of temperature have been clas sified under only two headings; namely, "Sudden variations of tem perature" and "Extreme dry heat." Extreme cold has not been listed as a distinct hazard, because a temperature so low as to cause the direct effects mentioned above is rarely met in industry. It is evident that the occupations listed in the division " Extreme dry heat" are exposed, not only to the danger of the direct action of the high temperatures but also to the hazard "Sudden variations of temperature." The prevention of disease due to exposure to extremes of tem perature consists, obviously, in the avoidance of sudden variations of temperature. Drafts are particularly hazardous, and may he practically eliminated by the use of vestibule and storm doors. Workers in cold processes should keep active and avoid chill. The hot-process worker should allow his body to cool off gradually after completion of the day's work. He should carefully regulate his diet, drinking plenty of water and avoiding meats. As direct pre ventive measures for the effects of extreme heat, it is advisable to make use of shields, helmets, goggles, water-cooled furnace door--, exhaust systems, cold air, fans, etc. 88062*--22------ 3 11 12 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. A. AbnormaUtias of Tamparataz*. Health hazard. Symptom, coaditton. or dlseasa to look (or. Occupations which offer such exposure. 1. Extreme dry heat Anemia, general de bfl- Ammonium salts makers: annealers: antimony extractors ity, catarrh, stul Joints, cramps, lum bago, Bright's dis ease, skin eruptions, refiners): arsenic roasters: bar-null workers (Iron and steel): bcnzol-stillmen: Bessemer-converter workers (iron and steel): beta-su 11 operators! beta napbtbol): bdle'.-mUl workers (iron and steel): bisque-kiln workers, blac.';- premature old age, cataracts, retinitis, conjunctivitis. smiths: blast-furnace workers: blooming-null workers (iron and steeli: biowen-out Ulqc imeltini): bluers (re volvers): boder-room worken: brass founders: brazien: brick burners: bnck maken: burners .enameling): cap pers (window glass): carbida makers: carborundum makers: case hardeners: casters (iron and steel): catchers (iron and steel): cement workers: chargers (smelting): chargers (line smelting iicokusven workers; color makers; copper smelters; core makers: cranemen (glassin-iustry): cranemen (lion and steel); crucible-steel-depanment employees; cupola men (foundries;: cyan amid makers; dressers (glass i: drop forgers; enamelers: flat- ceners (glass): floor moiders (foundry ; (urgemen; louadrr workers; (uinaca workers; gatherers (glassi; glass blowers; glass-furnace workers; graphite work ers; hardeners (metals); hut-rad rollers (Iron and steel); Iron and steel workers (ell departments); Junk (metal) refiners; kiln tenders; layer pullers (glass;; Icadfoil makers: lead smelters: leer tenders (gla>s>; levermen (IronendsteeUiUiteri-over (glass) dutersuinc smelting); marblers (glass): meiters (foundry; glass): mercury smelters; muffle tenders; open-hearth-department work ers (Iron and steel); pair heaters; tin plate); pavers; petro leum reOners: pit moiders (foundry); pot fillers (glass); potUfUrs(lronaadsteali:potpullets(foundry):pot-room workers (aluminum foundry; carbide plant): potsetters: pottery workers; pourers (foundry;; puddiers (iron and steel): pyrites burners; refiners (metals); rollers (metals); toutetters (Iron end steel); roll wrenchen (lion and steel); roughers (Iron aadsteel > ; shove-in boys (glass); summers (glass); slag-machine tenders (Iron and steel); still (coal-tar) cleaners: Stillman icarbolic acidiistiilmen operating;stokers; sulphur burners; table operators Iron and steel); takars-down (glass;; tappers ismeltiog;: teasers (glass): tsmperen: tin-foil makers dinners: tongs- men (Iron ana steel); topOllers (foundry); tube marers (glass); turners-out (glass); welders; zinc smelters. 2. Sudden variations Congestion of internal Araflctal-loa makers; bakers: bleachers: brewers: butchers: of temperature. organs, catarrh, neu- caisson workers: calenderars (rubber); calico printers; rAj LQd fhMUBit* candy makers; cmnners; cartridge shot shell parafflu dip- to affactions, gastro pen; charcoal workers (sugar refining); ctey and otsque Intestinal and vesi makers (pottery); cold-storage-plant workers: cooks; cal catarrh, pneu digsster-house worken (paper ana pulp): dresser tenders monia, Bright's dis (tertlla); driven; dry cleaners; dryers <felt hater, drying- ease. room workers (miscellaneous); dye makers; dyers; electro- typan; extractor operaton (soap); fat renderen: (elt-hat makan: flaharman; flangers(feltnats); gasi illiiminaung) worken; gleat-kiln worken; glue worken; hothouse work en; loectaam maken; ironan, Japan makers: inters (shot*); laundry worlun; Linoleum makers: lumbermen: miners; miner ailvenn; mixers (rubber); motormen; packing-house employees; paper oaken: patent-leather makan, phorphaie-mill worlun; phosphorus-evaporating maohina oparaton; press-room worken (rubber); relng- enting-plant worken; roolen; rubber worken; sailors; salt pnpanrs: shoe flnisban;silver melten; soap makers, spreaders (rubber works); steano-ecld maken: stereo- typen; straw-hat makan; ruger refleers; sulphite cooks (pulp mill); tabla turners(enameling); textile workers; thread glexars: tile makers: varnish makers: viUcamurs; wall paper printen; warming-bousa employees (guncot ton); wool acourars. Stt alto occupations exposed to extnma dry heat. B. C0X7&Z88ZS AXB. In building tunnels, laying deep foundations for large buildings, etc., it is necessary for the work to be carried on under increased air pressure in order to prevent the entrance of water into the excava tions. The laborer is lowered gradually and at short intervals t lie LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION. 13 pressure of the air in the compartment is increased. The first sen sation of compression is felt on the eardrums, which may be relieved by the act of swallowing. If the air is too quickly compressed hemorrhage may occur. The greater part of the danger of working in compressed air lies in hasty decompression. While under coml pression the blood and tissue juices dissolve an increased amount of air. the gases of which are released when the pressure is suddenly decreased. The bubbles thus formed cut off the blood supply from various parts of the bodv by blocking up the capillaries. The symp toms of compressed air illness, the so-called " bends." are the result. Workers in compressed air must follow strictly the rules governing gradual compression and decompression, especially the latter. It is not advisable for boys and for men over 40 years of age to work under high pressure. B. Csmprasaad Air. Hutch basard. Symptom, condition, or disease to lode for. Occupations which offer such axposure. Compraasad air......... Weakness. rertlao, pains in the back and lacs, perely- Caisson workers; diTari; tun su of let! and armj, painful constriction of cha nel worker!. cheat, cerebral hemorrhaie and aphasia, coma, subcutanaous bemorrhaiaa, impairment ofhearing. c. dajcpwiss. The moisture content of the air is very important for the proper adjustment of the physiologic processes of the body. Damp air will prevent the evaporation of moisture from the body and will there fore affect the body temperature. High humidity tends to increase the effects of high temperature. Moist cold air has the effect of un dermining the general vitality of the organism, weakening its re sistance to diseases of the respiratory passages, and to neuralgic and rheumatic affections. The same effects are noticed among workers around open tanks and vats, who are continuously workingin wet clothes. Excessive dampness suggests dry air as a hazard. The lat ter causes chapped skin and catarrhal conditions. It has not been listed among the hazards because it is not characteristic of any one occupation but is prevalent generally, especially during the winter months. When dampness is a feature of an industrial process the following precautions should be taken to avoid ill effects: (1) Provision of exhaust systems wherever steam is generated. (2) Provision of floors with drain channels to prevent the accu mulation of water. (3) Provision of adequate waterproof clothing, such as rubber boots, rubberized aprons, etc. Wherever there is dampness special measures should be taken to keep the humidity at its proper percentage. In this connection the wet-bulb thermometer is invaluable in determining the degree of moisture in the air. By circulating the air the effects of high humid ity may be mitigated. 14 OCCUPATTOtf HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. C. Sampasss. Hsalthhaxsrd. Symptom, condition, or disease Co look lor. Occupations whidb offer such exposure Dampness. Diseases ol the respira ' .Veld dippers: alkali-salt makers: artiffclal-lce makers: ertl- tory passages, neu cldclal-silk makers: auto painters: haters (tannery): beam- ralgic and rheu house workers i tanners); beatermen (paper and pulpi; matic affections. bleachers; bleacher/ dryers: blockers (felt hats); boiler washers: brewers; bnckmakers: cable splicers; caisson workers; calico printers: candy makers: carmen .cartridge- cup washers: cartridge leit ana wadmaken: cartridge shot shell paraffin dippers: charcoal workers Isugar reining); clay and bisqua makers 1 pottery i: clay-plug makers (pot tery); cloth preparers; concentrating-mill workers (lead and tine); cotton-mill workers; creosoting-plant workers; digester-nous* worken (paper nd pulpi; dorters (textile); draaser tenders (textile;; drivers: dye makers: dyers; electroplaters: enamelers; explosives workers: extractor operators (soap); (elt extractors: (elt-hat makers: fertilizer makers: filter-pms workers; fishermen; fiax spinnen: flush tenders (aluminum); galvinuers; glass cutten: glass finishers: glaze dippers (pottery): glove makers (leatherpreparen); glue workers; grinders (metals): gun cotton waihers; hair workers; Ice-cream makers.-tasters (shoes);laundry workers:lima pullers (tannery); Linoleum makers; masons: matcb-lactory workers; miners: mirror sllverscs; nickel platan: packing-house employees, paint makan:paper makers: petroleum reflnen: phosphate- mill workers; phosphccus-evapotatlng-machine operators; ' plcklers;plasterers; pottery workers; preparen(tannery); pressman (oilrefining); pullars-out ([elt hatsi: pulp-mill employees: relrigiraung-plan! worten; roller coveren (cotton mill*); sagger makers; salt preparers: screen tend ers (pulp mill): sewer workers: shavers ((elt hats, ftir, tan nery); sixers (fait hat*); slip retaken (pottery); smoothen (glut); soap makan: soda makers; sodium-hydroxide maker;rpongen:stamp-miU worken; starters (felt hat* i; stonacuttan (wt process); sugar reflnen: sulphite cooks (pulp mill); (omackera (tannery); table hand* (tannery); tank man; tannery worken; telephone linemen (trench work); temperan: textile worken; thread slaters: tils makers; tinnen; tobacco moisteners: turpentine extract ors; vatinan: velvet makers; vulcanizers (steam): wall paper printers; freshen; waahen (rubber); wool scourers. 9. SUIT. Dusts have here been divided into two kinds, according to their chemical composition, namely, organic and inorganic. The dif ference in symptoms listed under each is based on the findings of recent investigators that organic dusts do not cause pulmonary lesions. Dr. H. R. M. Landis1 has found that wherever fibrosis was. present in the lungs of men exposed to organic dust, the latter was always mixed with some form of mineral or metallic dust. Tobacco workers exposed to organic dust for years showed no pulmonary changes other than those found in people living in the city. Mineral and metallic dusts, however, produce fibrosis of the lung tissue, the extent of which depends on the time of exposure and the particular dust inhaled. Of the inorganic dusts, silica is the most harmful, producing serious pulmonary damage in a comparatively short pe riod of time, while the least "harmful are those which produce slight changes and then only after long exposure, for example, lime. coal, etc. The relationship between occupational dust and tuberculosis is rather a doubtful one. Authorities disagree as to the effect of fibrosis on the resisting power to the tubercle bacillus. Dust, by acting as a carrier of tne bacilli, may increase their number in the 1 3m article on "Tbs Pathologic*] sad Clinical lfanifMtattOBi Inflowing th* Inhalation of Dust " m Ths Journal of Industrial Hygiene, July, 1919, pp. 117-139. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION. 15 lungs. In this way, men exposed to dust may be in greater danger of contracting tuberculosis than others. Dr. H. R. M. Landis claims, however, that in the trades exposed to inorganic dust, mistaken diagnosis of pneumoconiosis swells the mortality statistics for tuber culosis. As a means of avoiding incorrect diagnosis of pneumoco niosis, Roentgen ray examinations of the lungs and sputum analyses are invaluable. There are four effective methods that may be used to prevent the inhalation of dust generated during industrial processes. No one of these can apply to all conditions, but the particular method to be used must be adapted to the peculiarities of the process. (1) The use of water to dampen the dust and thus prevent it from rising and filling the atmosphere. (2) The use of exhaust systems which remove the dust at the point of origin. (3) . The use of enclosing chambers in which the dust-producing processes are confined, being regulated from the outside. (4) The use of respirators ana helmets. In many cases it may be necessary to combine several of these measures effectively to prevent the inhalation of dust by the worker. n. Dust Health haxard. Symptom, condition, or disease to look tor. Oecupatione which offer each expoaure. i. inorganic dost.... Cough, dyspnea, pleu ritic peine, hemopty sis, clubbed ftngin, mmrimA flatness Of ebeet, deficient ex pansion (unilateral), niOBi&cf, zsuoouj rmiM, fibratfs. InJUsu&Atory oondiUon ot eye*, earx, noia and throat; coldj,chronic catarrh of respiratory tract, chronic catarrh of digeetlTe tract, plea ner, tuberculosis. Acetylene maken; aebaetoc warfare; bade eleg (artificial manure) warfare: battery (dry) maken; bed rubbers (marble and etone); bench moldan (foundryj; benders; oieqae-kUn worfan: bane workers; brickmaken; brooxars; buffers; barren (needles); burr (lien; button maken; oalandarete (rubber); oarbide maken; carbon-brueh maker*; oerborandum werksr*; card grinder* (textiles i: casting cleaners (foundry): oament worken; charcoal worker* (sugar refining); charger* (smelting); charger* (tine *malting); chasers (steal); chimney sweepers; ebippen; day and bisque maken (pottery); day-plug maken (pottery); oolor maken; compositors; oompouna- sn (rubber); ooncentnttng-miU workers (lead and tlno); oore maken; crucible mixen; cruehermen (clay and etane); cnt-glaa worken; cutlery makers; cyanamid mafan; diamond euttan; electrotyper*; emery-wheel mates; engraven: fertiliser maken: file euttan; fliers: Hint workers; floor maiden (foundry); flue cleaners; foundry wotten glees blowen; glia cutters: ilui finishers; dess mixen; dike mixen (pottery); gold beaters;gol refiner*; graphite worken; grinders (metals); gypeum workers; horn worfan; Jewelers; junk (metal) raflnan; laptdarlae; lead Imetten; Hm bumen; lime kiln chargers: lime worfan; lindenTM makers: Uthogrsphan; marble euttan: maeaoa; match-factory workers; metal toman: mica strlppan or splitten; mica workers; miners; mixen (rubber); mixing-room worken (mlsoailaneoas); mold breakers (foundry); taint remows: psperhangsrs; phaepbata-mlU worken; pit molders (foundry); planer man (stone, metal); plaiterws; plater of Paris worfan; pnaumatto-tool workers; poOshen: pottery worfan; poonean (felt bats): preumen (printers I: brlntan; putty mafan; putty polishen (glass); pyrites human; quarrymen; rubber srorken; sagger makers: salt pnparen; sand blasters; sand euttan; sandan: sending machine operaton; sandpaperen (enameling and Pdntlng auto bodlea, ate); aw filan: senpen (foundry); screen worfan (lead aod sine smelting); sliten; sinteringplant worfan; slate worfan; slip maken (pottery): sinoothen (gleu); splnnan (asbestos); stamp-mill worken; statuary worfan; itone euttan (dry): stone euttan (wet proceed; sugar refinen; sulphur burners: table tumsn (enameling); textflwoomb maken: tile makers; tool mafan: top Alien (foundry); tumbUngbarral worfan; weighen. 16 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. S. Diut--Conslkdad. Health hatard. ' Symptom, condition, or to look for. Occupations which offer such exposure. 2. Organic dust........ Dryness of noae, throat and mouth, cough, anephylaxtt,asthme. branchiae, emphy sema, tubarculoai*. Bakers: beamers (textiles): blowers (felt hats): broom makers: brushers (felt nets): brush makers: buders: button makers: carbooixers (shoddy); carders (textiles,: card grinders itesaJasi: carpet makers: celluloid polishers: celluloid workers: cigar makers: cobblers: comb makers (celluloid): coners (felt hats): cork workers: aotton-sull workers: cotton twisters; curriers (tannery:: devil oper ators Kelt hatu: doners (textiles): feather curers: feather workers: felt-hat makars: Sberworkeri: finishers (leather): flax spinners: flour workers: formers (felt hats): fur carders: fur clippers: fur cutters: fur handlers: fur preparersifurpullers; glove makers (leather preparers): glue workers: grain-elevator workers; grinders (rubber); gun cotton pickers; hair workers: harness makers: heel makers (shoal; hemp workers: jute workers: tauciing-auil work ers; lice makars: lasters (shoes): leather workers: linen workers: match-factory workers; mattress makers: mixers (felt hats): mixing-room workers (miscellaneous I; pouncers (felt bats); rag workers: roller covarers (cotton mills:: ropemakers; rubber workers; sawmill workers: scourers, wood lasts (shot*); shavers (felt hats. furs, tannery); shaving-brush makers: shoddy workers: shoe-factory oparmtlvaa; sifters; silk workers; softeners (tannery); spinners (textiles): starch makers; straw.hat makers; taxidermists; textile workers: tobacco rollers: tobacco workers: uphoistem; weavers: weighers: wood-last scourers (shoaa): wood workan; wool carders: wool spin ners; wool workers. X. UT1IXX LIGHT. Intense light is usually a product of a process associated with heat. Among the different kinds of light included under this heading are the arc light, furnace glare, glowing metal or glass, and X-ray. Poor illumination as a hazard is treated under "G. Poor illumination." Continuous exposure to strong light is not only irritating to the con junctiva, but may also cause a degeneration oi the retina and decom position of the visual purple. Repeated electric flashes of brilliant light have caused severe ophthalmia, retinitis, and even blindness. Glass blowers and steel puddlers, who have to look at a glowing molten mass, are apt to develop cataracts. It seems that the invisible ultra-violet rays and infra-red rays are responsible. The introduc tion of X-rays into the medical field has brought to light the highly dangerous character of the radiographer's work. Severe dermatitis and cancer may ensue after exposure to X-rays. The following protective devices prove effective in preventing the injurious action of extreme light: !1) Shields. 2) Helmets. 31 Goggles which eliminate the ultra-violet and infra-red rays. 41 Clothing which covers the skin completely. 5) X-ray apparatus should be inclosed as completely as possible with lead plates. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION. X. Extreme Llht. 17 Health hazard. Symptom, condition, or disease to look for. Occupations which offer such exposure. Extremelljht........... Cataracts, retinitis, coo- Blacksmiths: electricians: alactrlc Unamao; furnace work* junctivitis.dermati ars: fleas blowers: {lass-furnace workara; Incandescenttis, ulceration and mantle hardeners: morinf-plcturj machine operators: exfoliation of the oTTieetTleae cutters: photofnpbers: puddlers (iron sian. electrical oph ana steel); stokers; welders; X-ray workers. thalmia, cancar. 7. INJECTION'S. There are many infectious diseases, such as tetanus, trachoma, and syphilis, which are often of occupational origin. They are not, how ever. specifically occupational; that is, they do not arise from a con dition caused bv an industrial process. Tne conditions which cause these diseases in industry are identical with those which cause them out of industry. The above-mentioned diseases have not therefore been included m this list of occupational infections. Those diseases which have been included arise primarily in occupational exposure. There are a number of other diseases which occur in occupations, but these are of such little numerical importance that they also have not been included. Besides the general rules of sanitation, the following measures are recommended: (1) Anthrax.--All hides and animal hair must be thoroughly sterilized. Foreign skins or hair should not be carried on the un protected shoulder. The hands should be frequently washed with bichloride of mercury^ Hair sorters should wear respirators. (2) Hookworm.--workers in mines and others who are exposed to infected soil should make special effort to keep the skin clean. Shoes must always be worn and gloves are also of value in prevent ing the entrance of the hookworm through the skin. Infected soil should be disinfected and kept dry. The stools of infected individ uals must be disinfected immediately. (3) Septic infection.--Workers should avoid puncturing the skin. Cuts, scratches, or abrasions should be treated at once to avoid in fection. Men having open wounds should not be allowed to work with putrid material. 18 OCCUPATION" HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. T. Infection*. Health hazard. Symptom, condition, or dis ease to look (or. Occupations which offer sneh exposure. l. Anthrax: External. 1. Mali Anlmalhandlers:baters(tannary);bamhouie work, as Ini ers (tannerv); brush makers; butchers: carpec Papule_________ . makers: cattle salesmen: cobblers: curriers: farm a purplecenterand deep red ers; fertilizer makers: fur carders: fur clippers; tone oflaflltrmtlonJurround- fur cutters; fur handlers, fur preperers: fur pull Inf. appearance of minute ers: heir [workert; leather workers; lima pullers reticular areola. Central (tannery); tonnhoramen: meat Inspectors: pre papule becomes reticular, discharges thick, bloody serum, later forminf a brown fanfreoe. A painful lym phangitis with hard edema parer* (leanezy); sharers (felt hats. fur. tannery); shaving brush makers: shepherds: stablemen; sumackers <tannery): table hands i tennerr >, tan nery workers: taxidermists: transporters of hidea ana wool: veterinarians: wool carders: wool spLn- extending orer neck and arm.1 ners; wool workers. Local phlebitis In the edema* tous area,chilliness, anorexia, romltlnf, prostration, high temperature, faabla pulse. I 2. Malignant tama.--AspreadH lug inflammation of loose connsctira tissue accompa nied by sloughing and fan- frent. Canstltutlonalsymp- Internal. toms those of pyemia. High (erer, pains in head and back, rornitins,constipation pain and Underuse* in the abdomen,rapid, feeblepuiaa, palpable spleen, dyspnea, cyanosis. May be nemor- rnafa from bowels. Whan lungs are Involved, thars are additionaleymptoxns-eoufb. pain In the chest,stiffocatloo. 2., Hookworm (enky-j Anemia, pallor of the fee* even Brick maken: construction camp workers farmers; lonomlaili). whan the blood count Is not ary low; a dull, heavy, Ustiees expression, mansar, lumbermen: miners: quarrymen: sawmill work ers: trench diggers: tunnel workers: workers who com* In contact with infected soil, especially speech, and (ait; inire*ring prevalent In gold mines of California. muscular weakness; occur rence of parasite* la stool. Victims often oampUln of faitrdntestinal pains and cramp;in exaggtnttdoases there areedema, adter, pro gressive emaciation, prom- I Derantehrtnnw.andintreM | Inf stupor. 1. Septic infection*.. Skin infections such as bolls, Animal handlers: butchars; canners; feather work carbuncles, blood prisoning, ers: fertilizer makers: gerbtgs workers; glue mak localised lymphangitis or oailuliOs. ^ en: hair workers: preparers (tannery): rag worken;shaven(f*Uhats,fur,tannery):shoddy mak en; silk workers; soap maken: tallow red nan; tannery work**; veterinarians: handlers of putrid or decomposing animal product*. O. 7001 ZZXTnCZHATXOV. The effects of poor illumination are not easily apparent. The hazard may be present in any plant, but is especially prevalent :n a limited number of occupations because of the peculiar conditions that make it difficult properly to illuminate tne workroom. Miner's nystagmus is the outstanding example of the effects of this hazard. Poor illumination is not only the cause of the conditions listed below but ia also an important factor in the causation of accidents. Artificial light is least harmful to the worker when it comes from overhead, reflected from the ceiling by inverted bowl-shaped re flectors. Light-colored walls and ceuings aid materially in properly illuminating a room. Special precaution must be taken to avoid glare. Alllights should be shaded so that only diffused light reaches the eye. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AMD PREVEXTIOIT. ft. Poor XUumlnetlon. 19 Health hazard. Symptom, oomlltlon. or diieasa Occupation* which offer luch exposure Poor Illumination... Nyitaxmu*, eyutrain. dfl- Buffers: burnJzbers ,iron and steel); caisson work- cient Tbioc cue to aeti*me- [ n; eompoeitora; embroidery workerr; jewelers: tlimorhyperopis.hesdeche, metal polishers: mtnera; photographers; seen ea- . giddiness. Eyestrain con- (ravers; tunnel workers; watchmakers: any lac- trlbutes to neuraathenla. tory worker. H. REPEATED KOTIOH, PRESSURE, SHOCK. ETC. Under this heading are included those muscle-strain conditions which are caused by the continuous repetition of movements, pres sure, or blows. This section is not concerned with the neurasthenic phenomena which are sometimes called occupational neurosis. Everyone is familiar with the muscular strain experienced in per forming for the first time some exercise, such as rowing, long walk ing, etc. Men newly introduced into a process requiring such re peated action are affected similarly but often much more severely, so as to disable them temporarily for the particular job. The in jury does not stop with muscular strain but may even cause in flammation of the surrounding sheaths or paralysis of the parts concerned. Many types of occupational neurosis may be avoided by working at a comfortable pace, avoiding fatigue. Where continuous pressure or shock is the cause, pads or cushions are often beneficial. Workers who have to grasp tools tightly would do well frequently to change their method of holding the instrument, if this is possible. Occa sional rest periods will do much towards the prevention of muscular pains`and cramps. X. Repotted Kotin, Prtmzo, Ikoek, Xto. Health hazard. Symptom, oondltloa, or dlsaaea to look lor. Occupation* which offer such exposure. Repaazed motion, prana, abock, to. Pain of maids uaod, set op by a myooUtta, bursitis, aynovttlz, or other local changes of a chroolo lnffasunatory na> tun; rambling, gradual emaciation and partial paralyaia of partz, acropaxaathske ArtWdal-floerer mehsts; barbeta; blcyellzt*: `'aekjmithj. carpenter*: chauffeun: clerk*: cobbler*: ccmp^mora: cot ton twljtan; dancer*; diamond cutter*: elevator runners; enamelera; engraven; cold boatorz; hammermen; Jewelers; knitter*; lathe turners; Utter scrura: lithographers :lock- ers; maildint; pelnten: peper box makers: pevers: pneusutie tool workers; porters: preaeers: riveters: aellc rs. sewyen; sdaeors aherpenen; seametrases: wwtng ma chine opinion; spinners (urtllei): arena cutteri <dry alone cutters (wet prooms); teilora; telegraphers; typuu. washwomen; watchmakers; weavers. J. POXfOMf. ` 'Hie continued introduction of new processes making use of new poisonous substances in industry makes this section of more and more importance. The enormous increase in the production of dye stuffs and other chemicals will no doubt show its effects on the workmen in the form of industrial poisoning. During the war thrincreased production of trinitrotoluol and tetrachlorethane for an - 20 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. plane dope resulted in a large number of cases of poisoning from these substances. For the data presented under this heading, the revised " List of industrial poisons," compiled by Sommerfela and Fischer for the International Association for Labor Legislation, has been drawn upon largely. The arrangement is similar.1 The mate rial in that list has been revised and brought up to date. Seyerul ?oisons have been added and all the occupations exposed are given or each poison. The symptoms are those given by recent investi gators. In order to avoid swelling the list of poisons to unwar ranted proportions, substances the effects of which are similar have been grouped. Thus, all nitro compounds of benzol and its homo- logues have been included under one heading and the same pro cedure has been followed with amido compounds. An endeavor has been made to limit this list to those substances the actions of which are mainly constitutional. The next section (p. 29) is devoted to the substances occurring in industry which act as skin irritants. Because of the very large number of substances in the latter class, it has not been possible to treat them as fully as the other poisons. To prevent industrial poisoning the following precautions should be taken: Personal cleanliness must be maintained. Workers must be instructed as to the toxicity of the substance handled. Frequent medical examinations of workers must be made to detect early symp toms of disease. Men should not be allowed to eat in workrooms where poisonous substances are handled. Work clothes should be removed at end of day's work. Proper lavatory facilities should be `i provided. Work clothes should receive special attention. The use / M * of gloves and boots are often necessary. Mechanical devices for 1 confining the poisons are of prime importance. (See also preventive i measures, under "Dust.") Fumes and gases should be taken care of by proper ventilation, the use of exhaust systems, fans, and 1 blowers. Men who work in an atmosphere polluted by poisonous fumes and gases should always wear gas masks properly suited for the obtaining conditions. i I. Yiliiu. Baalthbaiard. Symptom, ocndltlcn, ordlaaaaatolookfcr. Oocupatlona which off* luch oxpoeure. 1. Acataldabydt.... Irritation of the ntuooua maabruea of Aldebyda ploctree wpoomrkper*m; amo;irroocrOtoflloried mm;akrevnm; ldihvtmmakaekne;nr:lctax-- tin non, larynx, pr eirtm. benrhl. and eyn; aeetintlan of the tMarV* Milan; pro- runnlcht nmta. 1 ilttM............... trrttatian t& Dyaoakan. sutton of skis sad srooooa mtabraou, Hrn burolnt tad [tokiof of tti tktop lolni irmrtnt. X AeroHn.............. Itching in the throat, Bona reedinn: ht reodarwi; mlTanlran; lard maken: Irritation ofthe eyn, linoleum makn; Uniterl oil bailan: leap maken; ucftlna lachrrma- rtearloadd oaken; tallow rednan; tlnnan; riraus Uon, conJunctlTltia, boilan. Irritation of the air paaaarm, brocahial oatairn. *Soo United SUtei Bureau of Labor, Bulletin No, 100, Mar, IBIS. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION, J. PoUoae--Continued. 21 ! 3ympKi_. condltloa, Health hatsrd. co look {or. Occupation! wh/ch offer such erpoaure. 4. Azamooi*........... \cate fifliiTiwflfiAw of the respiratory or gans, cough, edema of the Lungs, chronic bronchial catarrh, redness of the eyn, increased secretion of saliva, retention Acetylene maken: tmmonium-tails maken: artlflclal-lce makers; artlfldal^Uk maken: bonebtack makers; bronrcn; coke-oven workus; dye maken: dyers; gaivanlten; gas (illuminating) worken; gas purlfien; glue workers; mercerlxen: remgetitlng-plant worken; salt extracton (coke-oven by-producti): sewer workan; shellac maken; shoafinishen; soda maken; sugirrtflaen; tlnnen; var nish maken. i. Amyl acetate. .Vervous symptoms, Alcohol-distillery workers; art-glass workers; artificial-silk headache, fullness of makers; battery (dry) makers; Cromers; buffers (rubber); tbs besd, giddlnen, celluloid makers; cutlery makers: enamelers: explosives numbness, nsuses, workers; furniture polishen; gliders; Lncandeecent-lamp disturbances of di makers; jewelers; lacquer makers: linoleum makers; gestion, palpitation mottlers(leather); patent-leather makers: polishers;shel of the heart, inflam lac makers; shoe factory workers; shoe finishers: smokw mation of the respi lees-powder makers; toy makers; wiren (Incandescent ratory organs, fatty l lamps). degeneration of the i liver. ' 6. Amyl alcohol., Congestion of the Alcohoidiitlllery workers; dye makers: fruit-essence head, oppression of makers; mordanters; shoe finishers. the chest, Irritation of the air passage!, lowering of the blood pressure, faint ness, nausea. 7. Aniline and other Pallor of tha skin, ver Aniline makers: ertlflcial-leether makers; calico printers; tni&o com tigo, unstaady gait, coal-tar workers; compositors; compounders (rubber): pounds of ben- loas of appetite, in dya makers: explosive workers: feather workers; litho tol and its ho- creased frequency of graphers: millinery workers: misers (rubber); painters; mologuea. respiration, anemia, paint makers; pencil (colored) makers; photographic slowing of tha pulse, warbars: pressroom workers (robber): printers; radaim eczematous erup ers (rubber); rubber workers; tannery workers; vulcan- tions, bloody urine, liars. spasmodic muscular / pains, cyanosis. S. Antimony and its Itching eruptions of Antimony extractors (refiners); brass founders; bumishars compounds. the sen; inflamma (Lronandsteai); burnishsrs (rifle barrels); calico printers; tion of tha mouth, color makers; oompodtors: oampoundars (rubber); dya throat, and stomach; makers; enamel makers: filers; fireworks makers: glass albumin in tha urine, weakness of the heart, vertigo, faintness, oaryza, dyspepsia, intesti mixers: glaze dippers (poztary); gleia mixers (pottery); grinders (metals); grinders (rubber); lead unalters: Unotypers: mixers (rubber); monotypers; mordanters; preseraom workers (rubber); printers; rubber workers; shat makers; stexsocypan; vuioanixers. nal colic, nephritis. 9. Amnio snd its Heartache, mslanch> Arsenic roasters: artificial-flower mskars; artifidal-laather oampounds. lie, sleeplessness, makers; bookbinders; brass founders; bronxart; calico gastric disturbances, printers; candle (ooiored) makars; carpet makers: car- emadaOon, catarrh roters (fait hats); chargers (xlnctmalurs)', color makers: of the mucous mam- ooiorea-papar workers; compounders (rubber); copper branas, skin dla> founders; oopper amattan; curtlsrs (tannery); cut-glass eases of various -------- deoocatcrs (pottery); dya makara; electro forms, falling out of platan; inASbii^ne featlur curers;..fea.the.r .wo.rkere: t]u h*lr tudlfg ftit-hat makars; faratiUooa workers: fur handlers, fur malannsls. perfora ersparan; galvanliars; gardeners; glasa mixers; glace tions of the nasal dippers (pottery); glaze mixers (pottery); gold refiners; septum, hfeerflwe insecticide makars; japan makvs: Jewalan; Isadsmelt- gums, peripheral en; linoleum ooicran; Uthagraphera; mixers (rubber:: multiple neuritis, paralysis. mordanters; paper flaxen; paperhangin: pendi (col ored) maken; pitch worws; pottery workers; press room worfcan (rubber): prlnten; pyrltea burners: refiners (metals); rubber-tire builders; rubber wathen, rubber werkan; sealing-wax makars; shssp-dlp makers. lhotmakers;rprayws (free*); sulphur burners: sulphunc- add workan; tannery workers; taxidermists; tinners: toy makers; velvet makers; wallpaper printers; >n oTWrnlWafmlten* t maksn; srlradrawan; wood preeerren: tine 10. Amnlnntsdhydrogna. General malaise, diffi culty of breathing, fainting flu, gutrfc disturbance, jaun dice, bluish disooioratioo of tha tnuoous membrane, pain In tha region of tha spleen and kddnay, Add dippen; aniline workan; hailoaa (toy) fillers' bat tery (dry) maksn; bmciers; oarbonisen (shoddyi dimathyl-cutpfaaU makars; dye maksn; enamelan: terroslBcnn workan; fertility maksn; galvaniren; lead burners;lima human;nitroglycerin maksn; picklan; redoen (metals); shoddy workan; submarine (etorage battery workan): miphorio add workan; tinners; tewermeo (sulphuric add); xlno chloride makars. darkened urlna, fe tor of the mouth re sembling garlic. 22 occupation' hazards and diagnostic signs. 1. PaUoat--Continued. JHealth hazard. 1 Symptom, condition, or disease to look for. Occupations which offer such exposure. . Headache, vertigo, nausea, cough. Ir regular respiration, weakness of the heart, drowslnea, cyinoeis, twitching of the muscles, psy chosis, sidn lesions. Art-glass workers: bronrers: buffers frubberi; ces; scrub bers (electroplacersi; celluloid makers: rtmenters irutv ber shoes): cement mixers (rubber): compoeltors: com pounders (rubber); curriers (tannery): decorators (potiery): degreasers (fertIUier, leather): dippers (rubber:; dry cleaners: electroplacers: enamelers: feather workers: furniture polishers: gilders; glue workers: japan makers: lacquer makers: linoleum makers; lithographers: milli nery workers; mixers (rubber); tnordanters: painters: paint makers; pressroom workers 'rubber); printers, putty makers: rubber-glove makers: rubber-tire builders: rubber washers: rubber workers: shellac makers: shoe finishers: tannery workers; typecleeners; varnish makers: TuicAnjxcn, 12. Bensol................ Headache, vertigo, an , emia, muscular era ' mor, scarlet lips, spots of extrevasatea ' blood in the skin. Irritant cough, fatty degeneration of liver, kidneys, and haart. Aniline makers: artlfidal-leatber makers: battery (dry) makers: benzol stUlman: bronzers: carbolio-ecid makers: cast scrubbers: cementars (rubber shoee); cement mixers (rubber); coal-tar workers: coke-oven workers: color makers: compounders (rubber): decorators (poctervi; degreasers (fart111tor, leather): dry cleaners: driers (rub ber); dye makers; tlectropleten; explosives workers: feather workers; fertIUier makers: gee (Illuminating) workers; gilders; glue workers; lacquer makers: lithog rapher*: millinery workers: misters (rubber); mordanters; painters: paint makers; photo-engravers: photographic workers: pressroom workers (rubber); reclaimers (rubbar); rubber-tira builders: rubber washers; rubber work ers; shellac makers; shoe-factory workers; shoe finishers: tmnkeleei powder makers: still (coal-tar) cleaners; trend ers (rubber); varnish makers: vulcanlxacs. 13. Brau (ilac)........ Headache, general malaise, throet irri tation, cough, nau sea, vomiting, con stipation, trembling, mUKUiAT pAiQJ, AC* oalaratal rsgplmtion, profusesweeting, de posit of green tartar on the teeth,metallic taste in the mouth, anemia, premature old age, respiratory and degenerative dlsaaar Bench moklars ftoandryd blowers-out (zinc smelting): brass founders; braziers; bronzers: chargers (zlncsmaltinr; oars mgkers: Soar maiden (foundry); galvanism: Junkmetal refiners; luters (sLnc smelting); pourers (boa foun dry); welders: sine smelters. 14. Carbon dioxide.. Anemia, cyanosis, haartarhs, drowdneee, vertigo, tin nitus, and jtnsral nerrnninsM AlkalVsalf makers; blacksmiths: boiler-room workers: bnas founders; brewm; brick burners; caisson workers: carbon-dioxide makers: charcoal burners: drying-room workers (miscellaneous): fertilizer makers: furnace workera; lima burners: llmaklln chargers; miners: pottery workm: eewer workers: silo workers; soda makers: starch makers; sugar refiners; vlntars; wblta-lead makers; yeast makm. 13. Carbon disui- Haadacha, pain in the ertremltua, trem bling, deafneae, re duction of tha reflexae, acceleration of the heart's action, neusaa, digestive trouble, emanation, disturbance of sense of vision, excitement and violent tamper followed by dtpreeslon, hypentlmulatlon of sexual in stinct, later Ita ab normal decline, chronic dAflundA* Aasnoninm-ealU makers: ert&dal-dlk makers: asphalt teeters: carbon-disulphide makers; caliulold makers: cemantars (rubber shoee): cement mixers (rubber): dry cleaners; driers (rubber); enamelers: glue workers: insec ticide makers: match-factory workers: oil extractors; paint makers: paraffin workers: putty makers: reclaimers (rubber): smokeless-powder makers; sulphur extractors: tallow refiners; vulcaalters. LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION. 7. PoUon*--Contiawd. 23 Health haiard. Symptom, condition, of disease to look for. Occupations whidh ofler such exposure. 16. Carbon menoxIda. 17. Chloride of lime. Headache (usually frontal), dirtiness, sense of fullness of the head, fatigue, nausea, general neatness, polycy themia. Irritating cough. In flammation orupper air passages, duflculty of breathing, bronchitis, asthma, sometimes hemop tysis, conjunctivi tis, Itchrymatlon, hyperhldro.is, bumInjjcruptlon on tha Acetylene makers; bakers: bisquoklln workers, btacksmitbs: blockers (felt hats): boiler-room workers: brass founders; cable splicers: calico printers: carbide makers, celluloid makers: charcoal burners; chargers (tine smell1 ns): chimney sweepers: coei-tar workers. coke-ovtn work ers; copper imeltars: core makers: drying-room workers fmiscellaneous): enamelcrs: felt-hat makers: filament makers (incandescent lampe); (inishers (incandescent lamps); Hangers (felt hats); flue cleaners; foundry work ers: furnace workers: garage workers: gas (illuminating) workers: glost-loin workers; incandescent-lamp makers. win tenders: laundry workers: lead smelters: lime burn ers: limekiln chargers: mercury smelters; miners: patent-leather makers: phosgene makers: pottery work ers; pressers; refiners (metals); sealers (incandescent lamps); silver melters; singers (cloth); soda makers: stokers: teasers (glass): temperers: tubulators (incan descent lamps); dne smelters. Bleachers; chloride of lime makers; chloroform makers: dis infectant makers; dye makers; laundry workers; cannery workers. IS. Chlorine. PalUd' countenance, Alkall-eelt makers; beatermen (paper and pulp); bleach emaciation, decayed ers; broom makers; calico printers; chloride online mak teeth, bronchial irri ers: chlorine makers; disinfectant makers: dye makers; tation and asthma, laundry workers: phosgene makers: photographic work gastric disturbances, - ers; suiphur-ehlorlda makers: tlnc-cnlorlde makers. irritation ofthe skin, chloracne. 19. Chlorodlmtro- Stt Nitrobansol........... benxol. 90. C hloronitroben- Stt Nitrobansol........... sol. 21. chromium com Pitlike, phagedenic Artificial-flower makers; battery (dry) makers: bleachers; pounds. uloers. very ddBcult calico printers; candle (colored) makers: chromium work to heal and very ers; color makers; compounders (rubber): dye makers: painful; perforation dyers; enamelcrs; glass mixers: glare dippers (pottery >. of the nasal septum glass mixers (pottery); Ink makers; linoleum eoiorers. t the cartUaanoua lithographers; match-finery workers; mixers irubberi: portion, irritation of mnrdanters; paperhangers; pencil (colored) makers; the conjunctiva, photo-engravers; photographic workers, pressroom work small areas of In- ers (rubber); ruboer-tira builders; rubber washers; rub I flAnuutlan la tha ber workers: tannery workers: vulctnizers: wall-pcper Ilian. printers; wax-ornament workers: wood stainers. of the kidneys, chronlo gastritis, anemia. 22. Cyanogen com- ] Headache, vertigo, un- Add dippers; ammonium-salts makers; blacksmiths; blast pounds. steadlnsas of gait, furnace workers; browsers (gun barrels); calico printers: nausea, lots ofappe- cam hardeners; celluloid makers: dye makers; electro tits, disturbance of platers: fulminate mixers; fumlgators; gas (Illuminating) gastric and intaatl- workers; gai purifiers; gold refiners: photographic work nal functions, slow ers; plcklers; silver refiners; tannery workers, temperers. ing of tha pulse, el- bumiaurta. 22. Dimethyl sul Strongly corrodva ef Dimethyl-eulphata makers; dye makers; perfume makers. phate. fect on the skin and mucous mambrants, hoarseness, lschry- matlon, conjuncti vitis, edema, photo phobia. 34. Dlnltrobenxd... Stt Nitrobeniol........... 25. Gasoline.............. Set Naphtha................ 36. Hydroohlorlc Irritation of mucous Add dippers: add finishers (zlsaa); add mixers; add recce, acid. membranes; con erars; add transporters; alkali-salt makers: emmonmm junctivitis; coryta; salts makers; aniline makers, battery (dryi maker- pBaryngtal, iaryn- calico printers; camphor makers; carbolic-acid makers teal, and bronchial < carbonlaera (shoddy); cartridge dippers; dye makers' catarrh; dental ca- dyers; enamel makers; fcrtUliar makers: gaivar.iters rise. glass finishers; glam mlxars; glue workers, hydrochloric, add makers; jewelers: petroleum refiners: pickier, p-x tery workers; radalmers (rubber): rubber worker- shoddy workers: sotdenrs: sulphur-cnlcrlde maker- cere; vignetters; tlnc-chlorlde makers. 24 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS, T, ?olsaat--Continued. Heelth hasard. | f^Ssease to!ooklfor'. Occupations which ofler such exposure. 27. Hydro fluoric | Intense Irritation of Antimony fluoride extractors: art-tlass workers: bleachers: arid. | the afalids and con- dyers: etchers: (artillxer makers: tless ftnishers: silicats lunctlTa, coryza, extractors. bronchial catarrh with spasmodic couth: ulceration of tha nostrils, turns, and oral mucous mambrana: painful ulcers of tha cuticle, erosion and forma tion o freticles, sup puration under the . inter nails. :g. Load and Its i Sallow, pals, yellowish Acid ftnishers r ttassl: amber workers: art-tlass workers: compounds- | hue orthessin: me- srtlflclsl-flower makers: babbttters: battery (dry) mak 1 talllo taste, nausea, ers: bench molders (foundry): blacksmiths: blooders anoroJda, constipa (tannery): bookbinders: bottle-cap makers; brass found tion. Iced line, asthe ers; breae polishers: briefers; brick burners: brickmakers: nia, lassitude, head bromers; brownen (tun barrels); brush makers: buffers aches, arthralgias (rubber); burners (enamaUnt); cable makers; cable and neuritis, weak sptloers; eallooprinters; canners; cartridfetnakerr. cellu ness of trip, tremors loid makers; charters (due smeltlnt); color makers; col- olflnters and tongue ortrt (white) of shoee: compositors: concentrating-mill lead paralyses, espe workers (lead and tine); cut-flaes workers: cutlery mak cially ol muscles ers: decorators ipottery); diamond pollshen: dye mak used moat; atrophy ers; dyers; eiectroplaters; electrotypers; embroidery of optic nero. workers: emery-wheel makers: enamel makers; file cut- tars: filers; floor molders (foundry); galeanisen; flass finishers; flass mixers; class polishers; class dippers (pottery); flail mixers (pottery); float-kiln workers: told reoners; frinders (metals); frtnders (rubber); heater boye (rlreters); imitatloa-pearl makers; Incmn- deeoent-lsjxrp makers; Insecticide makers; Japanmakers; Jewelers: junk-metai nflnan; labelers (pelnt cans): lac quer makers; leadbarnan; lead-follmakers; lead miners; lead-pipe makers; lead-ealte makers; leed smelters; lin oleum makart: llnotypers; linseed-oil boilers :lithotnph- era; llthocransfer workers; match-factory workers. mir ror silreren; mixers (rubber); monotypers: musical- lnstrument makers; nitrio-ecid workers, nitroflyoerm makers: painters; paint makers: paint remowers; paper- haafsrs; patent-leather makers; petroleum refiners: photograph retouchers; pipefitters; plumbers; poLlshtrs: pottery workers; printers; putty makers; putty polish ers (flies); reclaimers (rubber); red-leed workers; refln- ers('s itals); rl'reters; roof`ers; rubb" er work- ers; sagger minre; sendpepenn (enameling and painting auto ate.); screen workers (Lead and tine smelting): sheet-metal workers: shellac makers; shot makers; iQp makers (pottery); sluaherslporoelainenameling), solder- ers; Stainers (shoes); iteelengrarere: etereotypers.etor- agaJsattery makers; lulphnrto-arid workers: table turn on (enameling); tannery wtxken: tomperers; tllemak- en; dn-folimakers; tinners; toy makers; transfer work ers (pottery); tree sprayers; typefounders: typesetters: wallpaper printers; welders; white-lead workers; wood stalntrs: sine smeitera. 2*. Heronry and Its Ptymllaa; twiUlnx, Artlflnial-fiower makers; battery (dry) makers; blowers oompounda. i&fllSUBItlO&i iw7[ (felt bau); bronsers; brosmers (gun barrels); brusbers blaarllnr ol the turnsJ (felt bats); oap loaders; oarroters (felt hats); cartridge bins Una on tha) makan; chlaruie makers (electrolytic); odor makers: turns.rodsnt uloars, oooert(leh bau): dentists: detonator cleaners; detonator pallor,marcurialtra- Alien; detonator packers; derll operators Kelt nets); dye mar, dlfestlTa die- makers; Edison storsfa battery workers; explosive work- turbianoea, loaaliiad era; felt-hat makan; Areweeks makan: fulminate mix white spots In tha ers; fur handlers; fur preparers; fold refiners; hardeners mnewaa surrounded (felt hats): Inaandasoeat-lamp makers; Jewelers; mercu- by pale blue or red rlal-srapor-lamp makers; mercury bronsers: mercury dened ana, central miners: mercury-eahe worked; mercury emelteri: rnar- wackneaa ol tha cury-eolder makan; mertmry-ttlllcleaners: mirror si Wer- hand and digitalex- era; mixers (ftit bau); pelnt makers; photographic wors tansort, louiocaath, en; primers (explodes*); refiners (metals): sixers'felt corrosion of tha bats): sole-sdtcben(Blaka machine): starters'felt hats teeth- furunculosis, steel engiasen; stUfenan (hit hats): storage-batter^ sleeplessness andda- makan; taxidermists; thermometer makers, water praaslon or drowsi- flldan; tine-electrode makers. put and apathy, lost of tnsryy and InlUatiaa. *7 LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PREVENTION, 7. Foisone--Coatiased. 25 Health hazard. 3fmptom, condition, or disease to look lor. occupations which offer such exposure. in. Methyl alcohol. Headache, nausea, ab Aldehyde pumpmen: art-glass workers: ertifldal-Aower dominal cramps, tnaksrs; artiflcial-elik makers: bookbinders: bronten. ringing in the ears, brush makers: calicoprinters: celluloid makers: cementers muscular prostra (rubber shoes): dimethylsulphate makers: dry cleaners; tion, Insomnia, de dryersifeit hats); dye makers: explosives workers: feather lirium, difljeulty of workers: felt-hat makars: filament makers (incandescent breathing, inflam lampe): fitters (shoeel; furniture polishers: gilders, hard mation of the throat eners (.felt bats); incandaacent-lamp makers:Ink makers: and mucous mem japan makers: lacquer makers; lasters (shoes): linoleum brane of the air pas makers; miUlnery workers: mottlers (leather); painters: sages, conjunctivitis, paint makers: petent-teather makers: perfume makers: serious affections of photo-engraven: photographers: polishers: shellac makers: the retina and optic shoa-fsrtory operative!: shoe finishers: soap makers stiff- nerve resulting in enere (felt nets); stitchers (shoes): type cleaners: uphol blindness, fatty de- sterers: varnish makers; vulcanlzers; wood-alcohol dis eneration of the tillers; woodworkers. ver. 31. Methyl bromide. Vertigo, haadaeba, Antipyrin maksrs;*dye makers. staring look, pallor of the skin, retarded pulse, constipation, excitability, trem 33. Naphtha. bling. Headache, vertigo, Bremers: chauffeurs: degreasan(fertilizer, leather): dyers: nausea, vomiting, furniture polishers: garage workers; gilders: metal-polish dyspnea, palpita makers: palnten: petroleum refiners; polishers: rubber tion, Insomnia, hys worken: shoe finishers; waterproof-cloth makers; wood teria! worker . 33. Nlttmnillsa......... Sri Aniline. 34. Nltrobenzoi and Ictancal skin which Aniline makers: dye makers: explosive! workers; perfume other nitre com pounds ol benzol and lta k o m o louei. gradually becomes cyanotic, methemo giobin formation, genereldebility.ane maken; smokeless-powder makars; soap makars. mia, presence of he- matophorphyrin, al bumin, and some / times free poison in the urine: sen erup tions, visual disturb ances. dyspnea, odor of bitter almonds in breath. 35. Nitroglycerin.... Severe headache, ver Explosives workers: nitroglycerin worken; shell Alien. tigo. nausea, pant- yds of thamusdes of the head and eyes as well as of the lower extremities, cyano sis, reddening of the nimfwianffd burn* Lag Ln the throatand stomach, disturb* aaoae of digestion, trembling.neuraigla, oolic, retarded res piration and heart action, obstinate uloere under nails end on the finger tips, eruptions on the plantar aspoct of tha fset and lntar- digital spaces, with extremedrynauand formationof Assures. 33. Nltronaphtha- See Nltrobansci. lens. 37. Nitrousgases and Irritation of air pas Add dlppen; edd mixan; add recovered; add trans nitric add. sages, oough, labored ported; aniline maken; artificial-leether maken: respiration, Inflam bleachers; oairoten (felthats); oaruldga dlppen: cellu mation of tha ayes, loid maken; dimethyl-sulphate makers; dippers!gun oorroston of tha cotton); enamelen; etchers; explosives worken; felt-hat teeth, erosion and makers; terdilzer maken: fur prepared; galvsniien: perforation of nasal septum. nltrl&add worked: nitreglyoeeine worken; photo-en graven; plcklen; picrioedd maken: refiners (metals>. soda maken: steal anglevan; soiphurio-add worken. tosrsnnaa(sulpburtcadd) ;wringsn (guncotton). 26 OCCUPATION HAZABDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS T. loieons--Continued. Health hasard. Symptom, condition, or disease to look (or. <1 ecu potions which offer such exposure. 38. Petroleum.......... inflammation o( the Browner* (run barrelsi: father workers; furniture polish . -u.acne, suppura ers; lampblack makers: millinery workers; oU-Hocstion- ting ulcers; papil plant workers: oil-well workers; parsffln workers; petrol loma; numbnessand eum refiners: temperers. irritation o( the Schneiderian mem brane, headaebaand sensory disturb- ancee: affections of the respiratory or- (ans. 39. Phenol Erosion of the skin, oc Bakelite makers; calico printers:' coal-tar workers: dye tants, irritation of makers; dyers: etchers: gas (illuminating) workers: gas respiratory organs, purifiers; lampblack mafars; picric acid makers: rubber digestive disturb workers; smokeless powder makers: stUlmen (carbolic ances, symptoms of add);siirglcal-<lreeslngmakers; wood preservers. degeneration of the blood, exudation, nephritis, gangrans, Icterus. <0. Phenyl hydra- Vesicular eruptions on Antipyrin makers; dye makere. tine. the skin with Itch ing end burning, diarrhea, ioes of ap petite, annular da- genentloa of the blood corpuscles, formation of me- tbamoglobtn, a sense of general malaise. 41. Phosgene. Destruction of lungtis Dye makers: phosgans makers. sue, emphysema and edema, myocardial Insufficiency due to t h * emphysema, pleural thickening and adhesions, chronic bronchitis, mild bron chiectasis, noctur nal dyspnea, poly cythemia. 42. Phocphoeui. Inflammation and Bansblack tnakarr brass founders; fertiliser makers; fire adsrala of tha bonaa works makaniinsactlddamakOT; match-Iectory workers; and of tha perios phosphate-mill workers: phoepbor-bronu workers: phoa- teum, necrosis of tha phorus-compoondj oaken; phosphorus extractors. bonsa of tha Jeer, welling and ulcera tion of the gums and buocal membrane, loosening and falling out of tha teeth,sup puration and des truction of Jawbone with flitnlooa chan nels borrowing through tha cheek, maniJQtttl infljuow matian, brittleness of bona, digastirs d 1 a t u r bancat, emaciation. 43. Phosphuntted Oppressed feeling In Acetylene makers: fwrostlloan workers; pboepborus ez- hydrogen. the chat, headache, tracton; phosphorus (rad) makers. vertigo, tinnitus au- rium, general debil ity, loss of appetite, grat thirst. F I LIST OF HAZARDS, ETC., AND PBEVENTIuiT. 27 X. PUo^-Coatia*4. Health hazard. 3 naptea. condition, or dm** to look (or. Occupations irhJch.ofler such eflpoeurt. 3* tl 4 *1 )it 4 -f 4. Picric *dd. Itching, inflammation Dye makers; dyers: explosives workers; photographen; of the skin, v<- ic-.Uar picric eeid makers; shell alien; imokeleu-powder makers. eruptions, jellow pigmentation of ep idermis pad conjunc tive, Inflammation of buccal mucous mtmbrsns, digettivs disturbances, vr- tlgo, Jsuudlca, nasal catarrh, nephritis. 45. Sulphurchioride.1 Symptoms ere due to Rubber-substitute maksn; vulcaolxan. the combined effects of chlorine, hydro chloric sda and sul phur dioxld*. Sul phur chloride when In contact with mois ture reacts with water to form thee* products. 40. Sulphur dioxlds.I Irritation of ths mu AlkaJ1-salt makers; blast-furnac* workers; bleacher); brass cous membrane of founden; brick makars; broom makers; carbolic add respiratory orfans makers; chsanbarmen (sulphuric add); charters (sine ana eyes, spasmodic smeltlnf); copper smelters; dye makars; fsrtUlxar makn: c o u i h , bronchial due ciaanen; fruit pieserven: fumlfston; filvsnlsen; oatarfh, diseetlv* disturbance*, hloodtInfed mucous. ue workan; lead smelten; mercury smalten; oll-flota- gca-plant workan; petraieum reflnn; pottery workan; pyrites burnn; reflnn (metals); rubber worken; storage battery maken; sufar reftnan; sulphite cooks; sulphur burners; sulphurars (hops and malt); sulpburieadd workan; tannery workan; towermen (sulphuric add); dne smelten. 47. Suill:phurettedhy- Hsedsche, debility, Alkali-salt maken; artlfldal-eUk maken; blast-furnace dropa. rartlfo, nausee, die- worken; bronaan; oabl* splloen; oalluloid maken; dye turbancee of dlfaetlon, sallow oamptexion end mada- makars; fertiliser maken; flax-renery workan; fas (11lumlnatlnt) workan; gas purifltn; flu* workan; matchfactory workan; mlnen; oU-floeatlou-plant workan; tlon, slowing of the pulse, conjunctival catarrh, tendency petroleum rtdnan; pyrites human: sewer workan; soda maken; sodium sulphide maken; starch maken; sugar reflnen; cannery workan. to the formation of balls. 4S. Sulphuric idd... Inflammation of respir Add dippen: add ftnlsfan (flan); add mlxen; add re atory onus, Injury eoversn; add transporters; ammonium-salte makn; to teeth through - "makn; artUlclal-leather makn; softening of the den bsca-stm opmtors (beca naphthol); burnishers (Iron and tin*, chronic catarrh- steel); ralino printn; oarboho add maken: aarbanlsen (shoddy); oartridfe dlppert; celluloid maken; chamber- man (sulphoric add); dimethyl-sulphate maken: dye makers; explosives workers; felt-hat makn; fertUlzar makn: galvanism dasa flnlahn; guncotton dlppn; hydrochloric add maim; Jeweln: HmiIsm makn; manarlaan: nitretors: nltns-dd makn; nltroflycertn* maksn; dl flotation - plant workers; patent-leather maken: petroleum reflserr, pboephcrus-srsporatlng ma chine operaton; picklert; picric add makn; redalmn (rubber); salt extractor* (cokeovea byproducts); shoddy wortas; storage-battery maken; sulptrario-edd workn; tallow tenners; tannwy workn; tsmpern; towermen 40. Tar. Tar Itch, diffuse tone, --m, Qf peortads, loa* of appetite. nau sea, diarrhea, head ache, nuabneae, ver* tiro, albuminuria, artiaw.a|lanh,^ri*J iw. (sulnhuric add): wire drawn* Battery (dry) makars; briquet makn; brush makn: chimney tweapon; coke-arm werkn; cord makn; flue cleaners; gas (illuminating) workn; Insulaton; pain; makn; paraffin workn; pavn; petroleum reflnen: roafn; roaflng-paper workn; still (ooeJ-tar) cleann; tar workn; wood prseerrn. Junctivltl*, bronchi tis. 28 OCCUPATION HAZARDS and diagnostic signs. J. Polaone--Cooeloded. Health hasard. Symptom. condition, or diseaaa to look (or. Oocupations which offer such expoeure. JO. Tetnchlorethene Abnormal sense at fe- Alrplan*-wlng rarmshers: artificial-silk makers; tapers (acetylene tetra dgue, profuse per (airplanes). chloride). spiration, general discontent and grouchlneee, Inabil ity to ooncantrata, nocturia, slight pol yuria, dreaming, headache, rertlgo, nerrousnees, insnm- nla, loaa of appetite, constipation, diar rhea, (as In stom ach, (enaral abdom inal pain, nausaa, eructations of pas, romlUng, loss or srelcht, Jaundice, enlarged Urer, bile In theurine, abdom inal tenderness, In crease at mononu clear cells,appear- IDC#Of DUTUIUD^ turt Urct moacnu- clean, eteratlan in the white count, silffatizusiif ilifht Increase In number at platelets. SI. Trinitrotoluol.. . Hoesand throat Irrita Irploelre warkan; shell alien. tion, obstinate nough, bluish color at the Ups and lobes at the sen, yellow ing at the whites at the eyes, erpectora- tlon at yellow mu- oous, discoloration-- a mixtureodUTldlty and Jaundice, rath on the akin, short- naae at breath, ane mia, palpitation at the heart, bile- stained urine, rapid weak pulse. a. Turpentine. Irritation at the mu- Art-glass worksm cable ipUcert; calico printers: camphor mambrana at makam oamentm (rubber shoe*); decorators (potteryj; dn.iMK dye makm rmatnelars; enamel makers; teM^nvCiHr CmHurs poliihm: Japan makers; lac ___ quer makers; Hninwi makm; lithographers; millinery worked; painters; paint makers; patent-leather makers; tioa; glddlnaea, printers; rubber srorkm; sealing-wax makm: shellac haerlarha, irritation makm; tranaler workm (pottery); turpentine extractors; < the kidneys, odor ramlahmakm. at Tlolats In uslna, serere irritation a( the shin, seems Twfl hAldflClAf flf the epidermis. Section HI--SKIN IRRITANTS. Because of the fact that dermatoses form such a large proportion of all occupational diseases and are often disabling, the more impor tant occupations that are exposed to skin irritants have been listed separately. A complete enumeration of such occupations would be impossible. Almost any foreign substance can become a skin irritant if it is in continuous contact with the skin. Thus soap and water, which ordinarily do not irritate the skin, may cause severe dermatoses in washerwomen. The data presented below are a compilation of the literature on the subject, taken largely from Dr. R. Prosser White's compilation of " Occupational Affections of the Skin." Skin affections caused by different external irritants often show the same clinical picture. A number of occupational skin eruptions have no specific lesions or special pathology, which makes their dif ferential diagnosis very difficult. Most superficial industrial skin diseases show simply a difference in degree of catarrhal inflamma tion. depending on the intensity of the irritant. For these reasons the symptoms for each irritating substance have not been listed as has been done for the other hazards. Occupational dermatoses are characterized by their grouping, situ ation, mode of appearance, spread, and evolution. They crop up in series, retaining their initial type throughout, unless they are secondarily infected. They are most often local, except when they are a differentiating sign of the toxemias. The onset and develop ment are usually sudden. The inflammation is sharply outlined. Exudation is excessive and there is deep-seated edema. The erup tion usually predominates on the right side. There are many cases of dermatitis which are caused by physical agents, such as heat, cold, friction, etc. In this bulletin these condi tions are dealt with only as they are related to the hazards listed. Thus among the symptoms for " Extreme dry heat " and " Extreme., light " we find skin eruptions. The following is the list of the more common occupations exposed to dermatoses with the irritating substances concerned: Occupation* Zxpoiod te IpocIStd BMa Irritant*, Occupation axpoMd. ArtiSdal-flovar maican, Bakalitcoakan....___ Barbers. Skin irritant*. Caldtnn carbid*. Add*. Ctujtic alkali Caustic aikH,<l7L Bloodar* (tannary) 30 OCCUPATION HAZARDS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNS. Occupation! Exposed to Specified Skin Irritant*--Continued. Occupation exposed. Skin irritants. Bobbin carriers........................................... N'ltrobenzoi, aluminum salt*, formaldehyde. magnesium salu, , sodium flucsllicate. Bricklayers..................................................; Lime. Bronrars....................................................... Dye*. Broom makan............................................ Dyes, vegetable dust. Calico printers............................................. Dye*. Candy makers............................................. Sugar. Cap loaders.................................................. Mercury compounds. Carbide makers............................................ , Calcium carbide. Carbolic-acid makers................................... , Caustic alkali, phenol. Cardboard stickers....................... ............. Sodium silicate. Carroters Kelt hats).................................... Adds, mercury compounds. Cartridge dippers......................................... i Adds, soap. Celluloid makers......................................... Dyes. Cementers (rubber shoes). Benzine, coal-tar products, naphtha, methyl alcohol. Cement worker*. Cloth preparers. Confectioners......... Cotton sizars.......... Currisis (tannery >. Adds, caustic alkali, Ume, soap, potassium salts, sodium salty, sodium silicate. Sugar. Adds, sine, chloride, arsenic salts, phenol. Paraffin, benzine. Dampen (conditioning cotton). Nitrobenzol, aluminum salts, formaldehyde, magnesium salts, sodium fluoelilcste. Dentists..................... Pracaln. Detonator cleaners... Macury compounds. Detonator fillers....... Mercury compounds. Detonator packers... Mercury compou ' Disinfectant makers. Formaldehyde. Druggists................... Bleaching powder, soap, Iodoform, sodium salts, sugar. Dys makm.............. Adds, benzine, caustic alkali, coal-tar products, dye Interme diate!, dyes, turpentine, antimony compounds, barium salts, calcium salts, cresoL daxtrins. ferrocyanides, formaldehyde, gums, hydroqulnons, lead salts, phenol, potassium chlorate. Dyers............... Dyaa. / Elactroplaters. Adds, benzine, caustic alkali, Uma, potassium cyanide, soap, nickel sulphata. Embalmers............. Formaldehydt. Engraven................ Adds, caustic alkali, ferric chloride, potassium cyanide. Etchers..................... Explosivae workers. Adds, caustic alkali. Dya Intermediates, explosives (TNT, etc), ammonium salts, bromine, mercury compounds. Felt-hat makan -- Fish dratsan........... Flax spinners.......... Furniture polishers. Adds, mercuric nitrate, dya*. Brine. Ume, brine. Benzine, caustic alkali, naphtha, turpentine, methyl alcohol, pyridin, main. Fur workers. Dya*. Oalvanisen....................... Gae-mantla Unprtgnaton. aiasa blowers...................... Glaaamixara...................... . Ammonium chloride. Thorium oompounda. Charcoal, pitch, rosin. Caustic alkali. Ink Dye*. Lampblack makan....... Laundry workers.......... Lima human................. Lima pollan (tannery). LinoUnm makars.......... ICachlaiita.. Ustcb4actory workers.. Meroerisers................... . Mixers (rubber)........... . Uoidantan.................... Uottlers (leather).. Soot. Caustic alkali, soap. Lima. Lima. Dye*. C uttlng compounds, lubricants, alia. Lima, Dyea, daxtrins, gums. Adds, caustic alkali. Accelerator* (hexamethylenetetramine). Adds, caustic alksUl, chromates, zinc chloride, aluminum salts, antunoay compounds, arsenates, chromium salts, copper salts, Iron salts/lead salts, phosphates, silicates, tin salts Dyaa. Sickal platan............. Nltrofiyuartn makers. nine chloride, nickel sulphate. Acids, explosive*. Pecking-house employees.. Painters............................... Brin*. Acids, caustic alkali, paints, sine chloride. SKIN IRRITANTS. Occupation! Exposed to SptciStd Skin Irritant*--Concluded. 31 Occupation exposed. Skin irritants. Paint makers......... Paper-box makers. Paraffin workers... Parchment makers Points. Glue. Paraffin. Zinc chloride. Pencil (colored' makers...... Penoleum refiners................ PhotOfraphers...................... Photographic plate cleaners. Pttch workers....................... Plasters................................. Polishers................................ Polishers (silver and brass'. Printers................................. Rock-salt workers Ropa makers........ Rubber workers.. u yea. Caustic alkali, paraffin. .velds, caustic alkali, chromates, metol. pyrocilhc sod. tur pentine. amidol, brontlng powder, hydroduiasne. rodinal. Caustio alkali. Pitch. Lima Caustic alkali, naphtha. Potassium cyanide. Ink, bentlne. Brms. Oil, tar. , ., Accelerators (haznmethylenetetramms). Scratch Crashers (electroplatinn Shell fillers..................................... Shoe finishers................................ Sixers (cotton).............................. Soap makers............ -................. Sodium hydroxide makers........... Solderars........................................ Sugar rafinan................................. Brins. Adds, baaxlne. lima. oils. Explosives (TNT, etc.). ,t . . . . , Benxlns, coal-tar products, naphtha, methyl alcohol. Zinc chloride, aluminum salts, calcium salts, magnesium salt*. Caustio alkali, soap, v egatabla oils, sodium silicate. Caustic alkali. Adds, tine ehlodde. Surer. Tannery workers............................ Temperas....................................... Tinners............................................ Tobacco rollers................................ Tuba layers (oocton conditioning) Typist*............................................. Adds, lime, sodium sulphide, arsenic salts, brins. caldum hydrosulphlda, cfarosnlum salts. Oil, brins. Zinc chloride Vegetable dust, vegetable oils. .vitrobsnxol, aluminum nits, formaldehyde, magnesium salts, sodium flunslllcate. Carbon paper. Vuleanlssrs.. Acoalarators (hexamethylenetetramine). Washers......... Washwomen.. Watchmakers. Waterproofed (paper) Caustic alkali. Caustic alkali, soap, sodium salts. Potassium cyanide Paraffin. Wax-ornament maked.............................. ] Dra lntamedlates, potassium cyanide, Wet-bobbin winded. Luflnueceallliucamtein.um salts, formaldehyd-e."m-aagn- esium salts, sodium Wood Tar, tine chloride ZliKwhlnrlde make Adds, tine chloride ADDITIONAL COPIES or this fvpucation tear lk rxocrxiD raov tcx jpRurmnun or oocuvurrs oovxairaxirr rxnrmo omet waaanioTOk, d. c. AT . i CENTS PER COPT V ::v'':'r. crv*''r-v?i :>>.*' V'`A'- ''. . ^ -.jir-f-j i33das^.; >p. / V"1 -|-i, V `' 3X' EaagiojrnreDtr of m*t*J..riifesl''. .. ....... . : '` -jr i. y.0*-.^nV-EmjlbjBicpf Of. women/tnjjniadrto... . ;... ..J-.' v '. .' '. '. .' '{7 '^C 7 X4.V,.Censes of 'death.^ntopi- iroHuyi-ani, cbSd'cottoit-min operntiTes.' ~tr%7j,XVH. "Hootyorm m_onjreoftxiMnIIl'operttte*. . -- - ' ' XVm,, Employment of~wOmen and" children hi selected' Indnstrfe*. jXX&, Lihor lews snd-fsctory'ccndfaoo*._