Document pmkpxdRe9pZXYbp2Ykw589p7a

! Vinyl chloride--* F. GOODRICH CHEMICAL CO. AppllcaHoni A process to produce vinyl chloride mon omer and ethylene dichlonde (EDC) from ethylene, chlorine and air. Descriptions Vinyl chloride monomer is produced by thermal cracking of EDG according to the following equation: A CHCU (EDC) - HC1+ C,H> Cl The feed EDC for this operation is supplied from two sources. In the first source, ethylene and chlorine are reacted in essentially stoichiometric proportions to pro duce EDC by direct addition thuriy: Cl. + CiH.-frCsH^Cl, In the second source ethylene is reacted with the HC1 produced from the thermal cracking operation to pro duce EDC by oxyhydrochlorinatioD as follows: 2 HQ+ 1/20, -+ CJUCU + H.O The octyhydrochlorination reaction takes place in a fluid bed of copper chloride impregnated catalyst. Special reactor design and process conditions allow use of an all-carbon-steel reactor without risk of corrosion. The re action products are efficiently recovered by condensation in the primary recovery unit and absorption in the sec ondary recovery unit. Unreacted HC1 is discharged with the water oi reaction as a dilute {less than I%) hydro chloric acid stream which is easily neutralized and dis posed of. The heat of reaction is removed by the genera tion of steam. In the direct chlorination unit, the heat of reaction is removed with cooling water. The resultant crude EDC is combined with the crude EDC from the OHC1 unit and recycle EDC from the cracking unit The mixed stream is then fractionated to remove the small quan tities of low boiling and high boiling contaminants. The purified EDG is cracked in a furnace at elevated temperature and pressure. The hot effluent gases are rap idly quenched and distilled to remove first HCI and then VC). Unconverted EDC is returned to the EDC purifica tion train to remove small quantities of contaminants which would otherwise build up in the system. Commercial Installations: The Badger Co., Inc., offers engineering design and construction services for plants using this combined process scheme. B.F. Goodrich Chemi cal Co. processes are In operation or construction at 31 locations thtouehouTthe world. Aggregate capacity of the plants exceeds 13 billion pounds per year of total EDC by oxyhydrochlorination and direct chlorination, and 11 billion pounds per year of vinyl chloride monomer. Reference: U.S. patent 2,724,006 F. Hoechjt; U.S. Pat ent 3,488,396 B. F. Goodrich; Chemical Week, Aug. 29, 1964, pp. 101-106; U.S. and foreign patents applied for. 214 November 1975 Hydrocarbon Processing AP00022065 Vinyl chloride--pro indu*TM**- ' Appfieatteni A process to produce vinyl chloride mon omer from ethylene^ oxygen, chlorine end hydrogen chloride. Descriptions The process as presented here is for a ''bal anced-integrated" vinyl ehlotikfe plan! wherein vinyl chlo ride monomer (VCM) is the sole product, and all of the hydrogen chloride (Hd) produced from the cracking of ethylene dichlaride (EDC) is recycled to the axychloiina* tion unit and no externally produced hydrogen chloride is used as feed. Under other circumstances, the process can be arranged to produce either one or both EDC and HCl as co-products. The process also is well able to receive externally produced hydrogen chloride as a feed. In the "balanced-integrated" arrangement, EDC is produced in both direct chlorination and racychlorination units. In the direct chlorinetins* unit, chlorine is combined with ethylene in tbefiqosd phase by the addition reaction to produce EDC. CiH*4" Qi*^G|HiCIi In th oxycUorinatioa unit ethylene, oxygen and HCl are reacted in the vapor phase over a FPG-developed catalyst to produce EDC. CjH* + 2HC1 + 1/2 0.-+C, H*CU + H,0 The heat of reaction is recovered as high pressure steam and used in other portions of the process. Due to the use of oxygen and the judicious choice of design and materials* the oxychlorination unit operates at a high onstream factor, under moderate pressure em- ploying a simplified condensation system to provide high yields and essentially corrosion free operation. The crude EDC from die oxychlorination and direct chlorination units Is combined with the EDC recycled from the cracking unit and purified by distillation. Vinyl chloride monomer is produced by thermally cracking the purified EDC at high temperature C,H4C1, -a C*H,C1 + HCl The cracker effluent is quenched and the HCl sepa rated and recycled to the oxychlorination unit. High purity polymer grade VCM is separated from, the unreacted EDC. The unreacted EDC b recycled to the puri fication unit. The process has been designed and automated for safe, low manpower, high yield and high stream factor opera tion over a broad range of turndown. In addition to pro ducing high purity polymerization grade VCM, the process enjoys essentially corrosion free operation, low catalyst cost, infrequent decoking and low maintenance cost. Commercial Installations! PPG holds more than 400 domestic and foreign patents on die subjects of oxychlor ination and vinyl chloride. PPG's oxychlorination and VCM technology was developed in the early 1950s and commercialized in the early 1960s. Polymer grade VCM and EDC are produced by the PPG process in plants in the United States, Japan and Europe. The combined capacity of the plants now in operation and under con struction is more than 3.8 billion pounds per year of EDC and 2 billion pounds per year of VCM. .?. -- APbb622b66 Vinyl chloride-- RHONE-POULENC $.A. Applications A process to produce vinyl chloride monomer from ethylene, chlorine and air. Anhydrous hydrochloric add may be either consumed or produced as weKasEDCL EDC is then carefully purified and thermically cracked in a pyrolysis furnace: C,HaC2 + HC1 (VGM) The products are separated, HC1 is fed back to the cxy- chlorinadon section and VGM is purified and stored. Description! Ethylene dichloride (EDC) is produced in two ways: Direct chlorination in which chlorine is reacted with ethylene in liquid EDC according to: C,H4 + Cl,-*C,H.Clt Cbcyehlorinarioa in which hydrochloric acid recycled from the cracking unit reacts with air and ethylene according to: CiHt + 2HC1 + J4 O, - C.H.C1, + H.O A very efficient fluidized bed catalytic system has been developed. Features! High yield due to a selective oxychlorioation catalyst High reliability due to a carefully purified EDC and pyrolysis conditions (no boilers or furnace clogging, de coking cycle: more than 12 months) No pollution: waste waters suitable for biological treatment, chlorinated wastes destroyed in Rhdne-Poulene incineration process (HCl recycled to oxyehlormation). Commercial operation: Rhone*PouIenc plant at Lavera, France: 350 to 500,000 tons/year MVC. 216 AP00022067 Vinyl chloride (Monsanto Co.) ----SCIENTIFIC DESIGN CO., INC. Applications Processes for the manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) from ethylene, chlorine, air or oxygen. Externally produced hydrogen chloride may also be fed. Descriptions The flowsheet presented represeats a "bal anced" vinyl chloride plant wherein all hydrogen chloride produced as a coproduct of the cracking of ethylene dichloride (EDC) to monovinyl chloride (VCM) is re cycled to rite oxychlorinatiaa motor. The latter may also receive externally produced hydrogen chloride as a feed. Reactions: C,H| + q* -+ C*H*C1| (Direct Chlorination) . C,H* + 2HC1 +1/2 0,-*- C,KClt + H,0 (Oxychlornation) CtH.CI, CH, = CHCI + HC1 (Cracking) The oxychlorination process is a vapor-phase reaction arried out in a carbon steel reactor operating at moderte pressures. In direct chlorination, ethylene and chlorine gases are charged to a reactor system containing liquid EDC as reaction medium and coolant. The EDC pro duced in the reaction system is then treated for removal of chlorine and HCL The crude EDC is purified by distillation and fed to pyrolysis furnaces where it is cracked to yield vinyl chlor ide and HCL The anhydrous hydrogen chloride is recycled to the oxychlorination reactor. Vinyl chloride is refined to product meeting the highest Industrial specifications. Commercial installations* Monsanto Co., Texas City, Texas; Electrochemical Industries (Frutarom) Ltd* Haifa, Israel; Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd* Mizushima, Japan; Mitsubishi Monsanto, Yokkaichh Japan; Petroleoi Mexicanof, Pajaritos, Vera Cruz, Mex ico; Chinese Petroleum Corp., Kaohsiung, Formosa. Reference: Ozero, 8. J. and Schaffel, G. $., "The Mon santo-Scientific Design Vinyl Chloride Process," AlChE, Houston, March 1971. AP00022068