Document pmbaGqxQQRBxrmyZ4b6VwnG86

* y4 V V o -^c I s Air Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, ft.. , May 1, 1938. of America, Inc. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (A) News Items 338 PROGRESS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LEGISLATION, 1937. L. Stitt and F. P. Smith. U.S.Monthly Lab. Rev. 6, 194-204 (Jan. 1938). Following the Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of the Minimum Wage Act of Washington, great expansion in legislation setting standards of minimum wages and maximum hours for women and minors has occurred. At the end of 1937, Minimum 7tege Acts were in force in 22 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 339 PROTECTION OF WORKERS IN SANDBLASTING. Arbeitse^hutr, 48 (1938). German. This short account of a meeting of the sandblasting committee of the German Society for work protection includes reports on the use of sand, steel Shetland grit, dust-free working methods and suggestions for the solutions of veriots| problems. 340 U30R STANDARDS. New publication. The Survey of Labor Law Administration, published for same time in mlneogrephed form 7 the U.S.Department of Labor, Division of Labor Standards, has been super seded by "Labor Standards" in a neat printed form. It contain* seotiona en titled: Promoting Labor Standards, Safety and Health, State Labor Lew Administra tion, Conferences and Conventions, and Of General Interest, with new* item* under each, of interest alike to emplojrer ani employee. It ia issued monthly at 75 cents per year or 10 cents per copy and can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington., D. C. 341 REGIONAL SAFETY CONFERENCES. Safety Eng. 75, 12 (April 1938). Among the state safety conferences in the near future, the following are an nounced: Fourth Annual Virginia State-Wide Safety Conference, at Norfolk, June 3-4; Ninth North Carolina State-Wide Industrial Safety Conference, at Asheville, June 10-llf and the 1938 Western Safety Conference, at Los Angeles, Sept. 12-16. (B) Papers on Dust, Dust Diseases and General Industrial Hygiene. 342 DUST SAMPLING WITH THE BUREAU CF MINES MIDGET IMPINGER, USING A NEW HAND-OPERATED BJMF. J. 5. Littlefield and E. H. Schrenk. U.S.Bur. Mines, Sept. Invest. 3387 (ifer. 1938). Obtainable from Division of Information, U.S.Bureau of Hines, Washington, D. C. No charge. The midget impinger described in our February bulletin, abstract #108, oan be' used with a hand-operated pump, described in the present Report. The puap oonsists of 4 cylinders with pistons and valves, 2 surge tanks and a gauge. The outfit is carried in a case with 9 impingers, and in operation the closed ease is held by straps passing over the operator's shoulder, with a rubber tube lead ing from the case to the impinger. A flew of O.l cubic foot per minute is ob tained with a vacuum of 12 inches of water. Good agreement was obtained in a number of cor.parisons of the regular and midget impinger*, in a wide range of 03117835 KhBB-0007926 'HWBB-0007927 References to Recent Literature - 2 dust concentrations, in 15-minute samples. The agreement was not so good with much shorter runs, especially in low dust concentrations, after which it was necessary to ship the samples some distance for counting* It is particularly necessary to avoid contamination with the smaller instrument on account of the small volume of liquid. For 'die present it is recommended that the user check the midget impinger against the regular apparatus under his particular conditions 343 CONTROL OF XST FROM BLASTING 3Y A SPRAY OF WATER MIST. Carleton E. Brown and E.H.Schrenk. U.S.Bur. Mines, Rept. Invest. No. 3388 (March, 1938). Obtainable from Dir. of Information, U.S.Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. No oharge. Tests were cuducted by the Bureau of Mines in cooperation with the Anaconda Copper Mining Co., on the effectiveness of a spray of water mist in reducing the concentration of dust in the air shortly after blasting and duriag mucking of the blasted material. The determinations were made in 3 specially selected rock headings with and without the use of a spray of water mist. The impinger method was used for sampling throughout. The use of the spray apparently made it possible to reduce the concentration of dust generated and thrown into the air during blasting more than 99# from the amount present when the spray was not used. That condition was generally reached in 2 of the 3 series of tests. In the third the reduction averaged about 86#. The difference was evidently due to accumulated dust on the walls which was thrown into the air by the force of the explosion. These tests showed the importance of keeping the walls of work ing places free from settled dusts. Dust dissemination during muoking of material sprayed several hours before mucking was begun was much less than tar ing shoveling of material thoroughly sprinkled just before and during mucking, ar.d naturally the dust present after either spraying or sprinkling is iwr*h less than if the mucking had been dry. The results obtained indicat# that study and adoption of a spray method for controlling dust during blasting might be profitable to operators who are faced with this dust problem. The use of auoh sprays is limited in places where there are serious objections to increasing the humidity of the air. 344 METHODS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST SILICOSIS AND HHEN THEY ARE JUSTIFIED. D.Harrington. U.S.Bur. Minds, Inform. Cir. #6989 (Feb. 1938). Obtainable from Division of Infornation, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. No charge. Although the hysteria regarding silicosis and other occupational diseases has apparently subsided, it would be poor policy for employers to relax and revert to past conditions. Fairly comprehensive occupational disease legislation will probably be in force in nearly all states within the next 5 years, and -the far sighted industrialist should study possible hazards and apply Imown remedies whenever possible. Although the dust laws are directed especially toward elimin ation of silica dust, the engineer is making a bad mistake if he allows man to breathe heavy dust concentrations of any material. Dust in great quantities decreases fffioieney of men and machines and causes respiratory trouble. Any visiblya-teosphere is too dusty and indicates that preventive measures should be applied. After removal of the visible dust, further investigations of the occurrence of invisible dust may sometimes be necessary. Dust contrpl should be kept in mind in design and equipment of workplaces. The various means of dust control - wet methods, dust-exhaust systems, ventilation and dust traps for dry drilling all have their definite applications. Blasting practice should be changed to gain maximum possible efficiency from explosives, thus reducing the amounts of poisonous gases left. Among possible improvements are the use of stemming and new types of blasting plugs, confining the time of blasting to the end of the shift, with adequate ventilation, wetting and water blasting. The use of dust respirators should be considered aa an emergency measure. Good housekeeping and physical examinations should be maintained and education of employees should be conducted so as to secure their oo-operation. 03117836 Tj66-f)0fl79?8 References to Recent Literature - 3 345 HEVIEjr OF LITERATURE ON CONDITIONING AIR FOR ADVANCEMENT OF HEALTH AND SArETY IN MINES. D. Barrington and Sara J. Davenport. U.S.Bur. Mines, Information Circular No. 7001 (March 1938). Obtainable from Div. of Information, U.S.Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. No charge. This circular is the. first of a series of 3 papers constituting a review of the literature on air conditioning in mines, with particular reference to health safety and efficiency. This paper deals with the physiological aspects of ex posure to air contaminated 'with organic matter, noxious and toxie gases and dusts* The other papers will discuss the effects of abnormal temperatures and humidities and theoretical and practical methods of air conditioning. Space does not permit making an abstract of the 34 mimeographed pages in sufficient detail for mining car.panies who are interested, and they are advised to obtain the original paper. After an introduction, chapter 1 treats of general foul ness of underground air, including general physiological effects. Chapter 2 is a thorough discussion of gases encountered in mines, including blackdamp (mostly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), firedamp (largely methane and other hydrocarbons), afterdamp (a mixture of gases resulting from, fires and explo sions) and the individual gases, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, with several pages devoted to the effects of oxygen in both excessive and insufficient quantities. Chapter 3 deals more briefly with dusts and their effects and dust prevention. The bibliography contains 70 references. 346 IEASUSES THAT CONTROL DUST HAZARDS. Albert E. Russell. Abstracted in Natioml Safety News 37, 34-6, 66 (April 1938). This is the report :f a general address, emphasizing the necessity of education of industrial physicians and sanitary engineers in the knowledge and recognition of occupational diseases. Individual tolerance to poisons Is dlsoussed. Gen eral control measures are reconsaended, including substitution of inert for harm ful substances, isolation of hazardous processes, use of wet methods, looal ex haust ventilation, personal protective measures, seleotion of qualified persons, and keeping of sickness records. 347 STRAY ATOMIZERS FDR DUST ABATEMENT. William Phillips .Mining J. (Phoenix, Ariz.) 20_, 155-60 (1938). Atomizers employing deliquescent saline compounds (ohlorides of magnesium, calcium, sodium) have given beneficial results at the Santa Ifcria y San Juan mine. Designs for several atomizers are included, one for a spray used for the elimination of sulfur gases oaused by blasting, a second which gives a high degree of atomization with small amounts of air and water and a third which yields an appreciable reduction in the dust content of the air. 348 SERICITE AND SILICA* BSERBffiNTAL DUST-1ESI0NS IN RABBITS. S.L.Cummins. Brit. J, Bxptl. Pathol, 18, 395-401 (1937). Dusts of serieite and quartz were injected subcutaneously into the ears of rab bits, and also administered by tracheal inoculation. In connection with both series dead tubercle bacilli were also used. Lesions were produoed by both dusts, but quartz was more active than serieite in producing fibrosis. Serioite produced nodules similar to those resulting fran silica after a long interval. Serieite and dead tubercle bacilli introduced simultaneously led go extensive necrosis and sinus formation in 2 rabbits. Inoculation with quarts dust and the dead bacilli was less destructive than when serioite was used. On the other hand, if the bacilli were added after inoculation with the dust, irritation was in evidence with quart2 dust lesions, but not when serieite had been used. The author believes the experiments suggest that, possibly, serioite may not be quite an inert dust. 00117837 HWBB-0007979 References to Recent Literature - 4 349 USE OF ADFTAIE RESPIRATOR? PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. ff.F.Y&nt. Mining J. (Phoenix, Aris.) 21, No. 4, 46 (1937). No reprints are available. This paper is a brief review of the author's work which has appeared in Bureau of Mines publications and elsewhere. Protective equipment which has been approved by the U.S.Bureau of Mines has proved suc cessful in combating silicosis, as well as other diseases or infections from breathing dusts, whether dry or supported in a water mixture. Among other uses, the respirators also protect against inhalation of the mist produced in chromium plating and in spray-coatir.g operations with vitreous enameling, also against inhalation of line during its application to the soil and of powdered insecticides used on plants and shrubbery. 350 TESTING DUST RESPIRATOR FILTERS. O.tf,Paber. Staub. 344-371 (1936). German. The work of the German committee for dust protective apparatus is described. The author gives a critical description of the filter testing methods of sev eral German investigators and suggests a new and relatively simple apparatus for the purpose. He suggests tests of masks actually worn in plants and raises the question as to how long a mask can be used and how over-use oan be preventedAn apparatus for producing dust clouds is described. 351 SILICOSIS IN FOUNDRESS. Elmer F. Andrews and Leonard Greenburg. From abstract in Safety Eng. 75, 49-50 (April 1938). Full information on the original is not at hand, but it probably can be obtained from the N.Y. St*ie Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St., New York City, (see note last page.) A preliminary report on a thorough study of silicosis has been issued by the New York State Department of Labor. Each of the 311 foundries in the 8tete sms carefully inspected and 80 were selected for special study, on the basis of a representative cross-seotion of the industry. Roentgenographie examinations were made and occupational histories taken on 4,066 workers out of the total of 4,169 employees of the selected foundries. Silicosis was found in 110 cases, including 88 in the first stage, 16 in the second and 6 in the third. Signs of tuberculosis were present in 15. The engineering investigation 'of all foundries showed that 32 foundries were in good condition, 91 fair, ISO poor and 57 bad. Great variations were found in the character of the dust problem. Ags of the worker in itself, apart from exposure, was not found of particular significance. The incidence of silicosis naturally increases with time of exposure. Of the 80 plants studied, 37 were entirely free from silicosis. They were mostly small foundries, and the laws of chance would account for that proportion. Contrary to expectation, the silicosis rates among 180 colored workers were ler than those for the group as a whole. General recommendations for foundry dust oontrol are included. 352 FOUNDRY DUST CONTROL JfiASURES. Theodore Hatch. Ind. Bull. 17, 114-8 (ifcreh 1939). Reprints obtainable from Division of Industrial Hygiene, New York State Dept* of Labor, 61 Centre St*, New York, N.Y. The following steps are involved in the production of a metal casting! (1) preparation of mold and core; (2) melting and pouring of the metalj (3) breaking out casting from the mold and removal of core sand; (4) reconditioning the mold ing sand for further use, and (5) cleaning the casting. Each of these process es is discussed with reference to dust produced and means of dust control. Hold and core making is not essentially a duiy process, as the sand is wet with water and oil, but dust may arise incidentally from spraying silica wash on ceres and from sand and other material scattered on the floor* Mechanical mold ing is more dusty than hand molding, and local exhausts may be needed* 03117838 H W B B -000/930 References tc Recent Literature - 5 Likewise., melting and peuriny do not neoossarily cause much dust ir. themselves, but the heat and general activity set considerable dust in motion, and poison ous metal fumes are generated in non-ferrous melding* The shakeout causes much dust dispersion, but it car. be reduced by allowing castings to cool as much as possible, by wetting melds and floor, by delaying the shake-cut until the .tight shift or the end cf the day, and by general earo in handling. Send reconditioning may cr may net produce dust, depending cn the method used. Ifcgr.ctic separation cf metal :r.d dry reconditioning are especially likely tc raise dust. C- stings are cleaned by tumbling or blast cleaning. The amount -f dust from tumbling depends upon the tightness of the barrel and the amount of exhaust ventilation, ar.d d-ist escapes during loading and discharge cf the casting?. "last cleaning is necessarily dusty and the best remedy is enclos ing the cp-.rabi m, Good housekeeping end efficient local exhaust hoods are urgea ir. all processes. Proper building construction ar.d plant layout ar.d general vert lie tier, are discussed, with suggestions* 353 INDUSTRIAL EXHaTSI VENTILATION. RESISTANCE 07 NISCELLAI-JEOUS FITTINGS, John L, Alder. Neat. N Vent. , 40-1 (April 1938) See abstract $206 March bulletin. Ir. this paper the author discuss: s the effect of the form of elbows, enlarge ment c, tapers, tecs, breechings `nd "transformers". 354 DECISIONS ON SILICOSIS CASES. F. Sommer. lionatsschr. f. ur.fallhcilk. 45, 74-95 (1538). German. The author reports his experience in a number of silicosis oases, especially those made very difficult legally by tho wording of Gorman lavs. In two eases ir. uhich X-ray findings could not cxpl-in the severity of the symptoms, nonpulmcr.ary tuberculosis was found at autopsy. The author states that deter mination cf silicosis is possible by exhuming a body some time aftor death. Silicotic tissue is very resistant to putrefaction. One body was oxhumed two years after death and tho existence of silicosis was proved# 355 SILICOSIS ..S .. I-EDIC.^ SOCLiL PR08IEII. E. Eizaguirro. Rovista Assoc. Ad. -vrger.tir... 51, 51-59 (Dec. 1937). Spanish. The author surveys the important work dene in silicosis and cites a case that was brought to his attention, a mar. aged 40 had been working at sandblasting 7-1/2 years but had left or. account of dyspnea, thoracic oppression and fre quent colds. Kc tubercle bacilli were found. X-ray examimtion showed dense shadows ir. the middle and upper parts cf both lungs# There was frequent rise of temperature vrith increased expectoration. The patient died at the age of 44. The autopsy showed pleural exudates, marked lobulation, and some granula tion. Eoavy deposits of iron, silica and coc.l dust wore seen under the micro scope, and the general picture w. s one cf fibrosis, although in some places the fibroblasts had disappeared. Lung permeability was absent. Large multi- r.uclcrr cells were found, differing in morphological charr.ctoristics from these seer. ir. tuberculosis. 356 REDUCE DUST COUNT TO smSST.*. 7JITH REDESIGNED BOOTHS. Ceram. Ind. 30 65-70 Upril 1935). The bri^f article relates hew the dust in the elootrical porcelain deportment cf the General Electric Cc. was greatly reduced by installation of water-wash booths :.r.i later by the redesign cf th; booths. Dust concentrations of 3#8 million particles per cubic feet are now obtained at the operator's nostrils, while the count ir. the room outside is 3#5 million. 03117838 HBB8-0007931 References to Recent Literature -6 357 PULVERIZING SILICa SaND. D.U.Wilhelm. Rock Prod. 41, 47-8 (April 1938), This is a brief illustrated description of the plant of the Mil-wood Sar.d Co. At Zanesville, Ohio. Tho dust hazard has beer, practically eliminated by the use of dust seals 'or. all equionont in which dust is generated. 383 SOLVING THE DUST PROBLEM, FNV.Ortnar., Jr. Safety Eng. 751 13-6 (,-pril 1938). Inform tier, obtainable fror. the author, Personnel Manager, Koppers Company, Baltimore, MS. The author briefly describes the dust control methods used ir. the grinding, milling and boring department of the Koppers Company at Baltimore, The original equipment, consistin' of a number of installations -.ms replaced by a central dust collection system, which has proved satisfactory for 13 years, -vith improvements that have beer, added more recently. The area of the screen has boor, increased one-third by tho adoption of an improved type of scr;^r., without increasing the si2o of the sorter, house. As an auxiliary measure, a large portable vacuum cleaner, with interchangeable nozzles, is used for cleaning -walls and ceilings. 359 THE TEARING ON SILICOSIS QUESTIONS OF EE THIRD UW FOR EXTENSION OF ACCIDENT INSURANCE TO INDUSTRIAL DISEASES. Lochtkemper. Zbl. f. Gwwerbehyg. 15, 9-12 (1933). German. The author discusses the present German law, 'which puts all foras of silicosis on a par with accidents, and, like many of our new State laws, paves the my for proper preventive measures. He also reports on sane of his own experiences, including cases of silicosis in chamotte workers and ir. clay tube factories. One case was that of a man who, for a year, had shoveled grain mixed with sand, and another -was severe silicosis in a -worker employed in a room near a sand blaster. The author cautions against exaggerating apparently alarming symp toms, such as old calcareous fooij on the other hand, a careful history is essential and special attention should be given to light forms of silioosis contracted in earlier work. 360 ASBESTOSIS AND ITS RETENTION. T.Windsl. Arbeitssehutz, 26-32 (1938) German. In continuation of the author's earlier -work (abstract 271, May, 1937), he first presents more material on asbestosis in the textile industry. There are now about 130C asbestos workers in Germany, and about 1000 are considered to bo dangerously exposed, including weavers. Up to March 31, 1937, 27 cases of asbestosis, of which 16 were fatal, were reported. In 6 months of operation of the now compensation lav;, 10 cases have been idemnified. The earliest observed symptoms of the disease are seen after 3 or 4 years' work. An X-ray examination of each new employee should be made, and another after 3 years and at regular intervals. Above all, observers must prove whether or not a light case will inevitably progress in spito of removal frcca exposure. Ob solete and new protective measures are contrasted, with illustrations, and the necessary technical improvements are described. 361 a FROTROMESTLECTOMETER - aN INSTRUMENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF TURBID SYSTEMS. R. L. Libby. J. Immunol. 34, 71-73 (Jan. 1938). An instrument for measuring the turbidity of liquids is doscribed in this paper, -which is included or. account of the possibility of tho application of tho method to the estimation of tho turbidities of inpinger dust samples. Light fror. a constant source is condensed by lenses and transmitted in a parallel boar, through the liquid under observation and falls on a blackened surface, or. 'which a substance causing a current to be generated under the in fluence of light is placed, not in the direct beam but around it. Tho B.M.F. generated is registered by a galvanometer and is a measure of the scattered 03117840 HBBB-0007932 References to Recent Literature - 7 light. The author found the device sensitive to about 0.05 mg. of barium sulfate 362 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SMOKE PARTICLES. Herbert Friess. Oasnaskc 9, 137-40 (1537). Soman. This is a discussion of the principles underlying the effects of smoke par ticles upon light passing through the sr.oko and the utilization of these ef fects in studying the nature of sr.oko. The ultranicroscopc and the Tyndall motor arc described briefly as instruments for measuring smoke concentration or density. Tho application of these instruments as neons for resting the effectiveness of sr.ok. filters is - Iso described. 363 C..SE 0? SILICOSIS. E.Rist, P.Valler'*--Rndot, G* Maurice, J. Lenent and GauthicrVillars. Full. et. me:;.. Soc. d. hop. de Paris 54. 214-221 (1938). French. The authors report on a co.sc of silicosis in a casting polisher, describing the clinic:.1 course and X-ray and pathological findings* They found pneumotho rax, adhcrcrorce of lung to ccstcl pleura, emphysema and many V9ry small nod ules, up to 1 cm. ir. size, tho larger ones being caseous. Tubercle bacilli could not be detected by a cirefnl so-, rch. The authors consider the oaso to be a proof of tv effect of tuberculosis on rn existing silicosis. No signs of silicosis were detected in 8 other polishers with many years' experienoo. 364 DISUSES 0? 1-3 TEXTILE INDUSTRY, C..VSES ..ND PROPHYLAXIS. E.R.Hurtado. Rcwlsta del Trabajo 1_, 75-86 (Oct. 1937). Spanish. The author considers dust the most important cause of disease in the textile industry, Ir. the cotton industry in Mexico, tho dust consists mostly of fine cotton particles and sand. Chemical analysis of the dust revealed the pres ence of 50*5, silica, -mhich accounts for the pulmonary trouble found among the laborers. The author recommends ventilation of tho carding nchinos and uso of respirators. 365 PRELIMINARY KTEJSTRIaL HYGIENE SURVEY OF THE KAIISaS ZINC AND IAD MINES. C.C. Dills and a.L.Nichols. Invest. Rcpt. No. 1, Ind. Hyg. Sootion, State Board of Health, Lav;r>.r.co, Kansas, (Dec. 1937), Copies obtainable at bove address. This preliminary survey h s been conducted to familiarize the department with methods of mining, dust control, statistics on employment, disability, and so cial cr.viror.ment, and to formula to a program for occupational disease control. Tho following recommendations are made* (1) collection of routine dust and air samples in each nine; (2) prs-onployrwnt and annual physioal examinations of miners; (3) strict enforcement of regulations for safety and dust prevention) (4) bettor ventilation of working areas; (5) improvement of underground san itary facilities; (6) additional health services in the mining distriot; (7) prevention of dust arising from wind erosion of chert piles; and (8) detailed studies of the different mines. 366 THE DOCTOR'S P.JIT IF DUST E..Za?.D CONTROL. A.D.Lazonby. Safety Eng. 75, 45-8 (April 1938). This address before the Annual Safety Congress defines and emphasizes the part to bo played by the doctor ir. the field of occupational disease prevention. Or.ly recently h/.e tho -.edical profession begun to consider man's environment as part of its responsibility* "Medical research has a definite place in in dustry, not m.cr.Iy to study such things as occupational diseases, but to study the entir-. problem of the r;cction of tho worker to his particular environment, mental ar.d physical; to holp create an environment suitable to tho structure ar.d physiological limitations of ti*; human machine. For, after all, it is the human worker who turns the wheels of industry. 7?o must not grind him to bits 03117841 0 c = References to R:ccr.t Literature - 8 in the very cogs the t he hinsolf manipulates." More specifically, ir. the field of silicosis, the physician must fco able to tell the ongincer what dusts are dangerous, and nust be trained in the examination of persons employed and to be omployed to wofk in dust# It is not his function to count or analyze dust or to apply preventive measures, but rather to interpret the results in terns of physiological hazard and to advise whc-n prevention is necessary. a general discussion of silicosis is included, and the need of research, both engineering c.r.d medical, is emphasized. 357 THE GLYCOLS aND THEIR DERIVATIVES. Leonard J. Goldwc.ter# Ind. Bull. 17 115-20 (March 1333). Reprints obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygieno, 'lew York State Dept, of Labor, 90 Centre St., New York, N.Y. In this, the fourth paper on the subject, dioxan (diethylene dioxide) is dis cussed. It has a number of commercial applications, especially as a solvent in a large numb-r of industries. The symptoms found in an investigation by the Public Health Service and Bureau of Mines after prolonged exposure range from eye, nasal and lung irritation to congestion end edema of the lungs and hyper emia of the- brain. The authors conclude, however, that "considering the low toxicity of dioxr.n vapor and the warning intensity of concentrations below those which produced serious harm to guinea pigs, it appears that health hazards are slight under ordinary conditions of usage and reasonable exposure#* Fatal cases of dioxar. have beer, reported without full details, but it is stated that the vapor was inhaled# autopsies showed hemorrhagic nephritis and central ne crosis of the liver. In other exposed workers, the only constant abnormal finding was an increase in neutrophilic leucocytes# .Additional onistfil exper iments showed similar effects, vrith the conclusion that dioxan is by no means as innocuous as it is generally supposed to be. (C) Papers on Industrial Poisons, Car.cer, Dermatitis, otc. 368 THE F0R!i*?ICI! 0? OXaLIC aCID FROM ETHYLENE GLYCOL aND RELATED SOLVENTS. F.H. Wiley, W.C.Hueper, D.S.Bergen and F.R.Blood# Haskell Lab. of Industrial Tox icology, Wilmington, Del, J. Ind. Hyg. 4 Toxicol# 20, 269-77 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable et the Haskell Laboratory address. Ethylene glycol, its mono-acetate, diethyl ether, dihydroxy ethyl ether, and mono-methyl ether, dioxan and ethanol amine were injected into animals to in vestigate the formation of oxalic acid. Only ethylene glycol and its monoacetate were found to give an increase in urinary oxalic acid. One injection of ethanol amine was fatal, so the oxalic acid formation could not be deter mined# The amounts of oxalic acid found from these compounds are scarcely suf ficient to explain their toxicity. Compounds containing ether linkages do not seem to hydrolyze in the organism. From the experiments of others, it is appar ent that the production of oxalic acid is dependent upon the formation of a two-carbon compound, both carbons of which are partially oxidised# All animals showed degenerative changes of the kidney which were of milder degree, but no oxalic acid deposits were found in the renal parenohyma as observed by others. The occurrence of these degenerative changes proves systemio organic injury following the introduction of these substftnoes. 36S ISICHLORETHYLEL'E DEGEEASING-ENGINHERING ASFECTS. tfilliam B. Harris. Ind. Bull. 17, 12C-1 (March 1938). Reprints obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygiene, M.Y. State Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St#, Ne7; York, K.Y. The control of trichlorethyler.e vapors in degreasing operations offers a very interesting and difficult problem in the control of organic vapors. Triohlorethylene is widely used in removing oil films from metal parts preparatory to plating or spray painting. The equipment consists of a metal tank containing the solvent v/hich is heated to boiling, and a water jacket around the upper 03117842 HWBB-0807933 HWB8-000793*i References to Recent Literature - 9 portion for condensation of the vapor. The metal parts are dipped into the liquid and than raised into the vapor until they are thoroughly rinsed by the condensed liquid. The outstanding factors disturbing the effectiveness of con trol features designed into the machine are* (l) extraneous currents in the working place; (2) withdrawal of liquid solvent with the cleaned parts; (3) improper operation of the machine and of the clear.ing-out cycle. The heaviest exposure of the operation to vapors occurs during the cleaning-out of the ma chine, when the solvent is distilled and the remaining sludge must be raked out. For control of these hazards, the tank should be situated where there is a min imum of air movement, and no forced ventilation should be used. The heating of the solvent should be controlled thermostatically. The temperature of the oool- ing liquid should be low enough to insure complete condensation of the vapors, but should never be less than the dc-w point temperature of the room; otherwise moisture would condense in the tank, increasing the diffusability of the sol vent, If the machine is gas heated, a positive suction should be placed on the flue, ar.d none of the vapors should come in contact with welding operations or other open flame. Care should be taken to allow the parts being cleaned to reach the boiling temperature of the solvent before withdrawal. The operator should be provided with an organic solvent type respirator. Observations of two machines operating under good and bad conditions confirmed the nocessity of these precautions; a concentration of 50 p,pm# of triohlorethyleno was found at breathing level in one case and 500 p,pm, in the other. ^ * 370 THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACTIVE CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCE FROM LIVER TiHICH PRO TECTS AGAINST LIVER DAMAGE DUE TO CHLOROFORM OR CARBON TETRACHLORIDE| AND 1 STUDY OF RELATED COMPOUNDS. R,C.Neale and H.C.TTintor. J. Ihftnftool*. Bsptl. Therap, 62, 127 (Feb. 1938). It has been shown in earlier papers that administration of a new fraction of liver extract protects ageinst the toxic effeots of carbon tetrachloride and of chloroform. The present paper describes the preparation of this fraction and its identification as mono sodium xanthine. Doses of 100 mg, given suboutaneously to rats 24-4-8 hours prior to narcosis had some effect, and two doses gave complete protection. Early administration is neoessary. A list of several other effective substances is given- 371 EXAMINATIONS Or LIVER FUNCTION IN DOGS POISONED TTITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE AND PHOSPHOROUS OIL. E.Aubertin, A. Lacoste, R. de lAohaud and R, Martinet, Compt. rend. Sac. de biol. 127, 57-60 (1938).- French. The liver function of dogs poisoned by prolonged dosing with carbon tetraohlor- ide and phosphorous oil was studied carefully and liver ohanges were noted at autopsy. The function damage seemed to differ from that in men. It was note worthy that pronounced liver changes at autopsy were seen in dogs which seemed entirely healthy and in which only slight blood and urine ohanges had bean noted. 372 STUDIES ON TSE FORMATION OF METHEMOGLOBIN. VIII. THE THEORY OP IBTHEMOGLOBIN FORMATION FROM ANILINE. G. Schwedtke. Arch. f exp. Bith* u, ftermakol. 188, 121-129 (1938). German. In experiments with rabbits it was shown that one molecule of aniline reacts more than once with an equivalent one of hemoglobin. A partial breakdown of the aniline occurs before the action is complete. The amount of methemoglobin formed has a linear relationship to the dose of aniline injected, 373 INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL ON THE METHEMOGLOBIN FORMATION FROM ANILINE. G. Schwedtke. IX Ibid. 130-137 (1938). German. Experiments on cats and mice shown that the aniline effect on blood pigaant is increased in the presence of alcohol, as is also true in men. Administration of &leohol a few hours after the aniline injection oheoks the disappearance of the me themogl obin. 03117843 HtfSB-0007935 References to Recer.t Literature - 10 374 X, lETKEMOGLOBEJ FORMATION FRO!-' NITROBENZENE. G. Schwedtke and Lo-Sing. Ibid. 133-142 (1938). German* After subcutaneous injection of an oily nitrobenzene solution in cats, r.ethenoglofcir. formed in the blood gradually but remained for several days, instead of disappearing more quickly as when aniline is administered. Nitrobenzene has no effect when simply sprinkled or* the skin* Injuries to men ascribed in the lit erature to nitrobenzene, for instance frar. stamping ink, are in reality cases of aniline poisoning. 375 XI. DIMTR0SEN2ENE. 7f. Heubner and Lo-Sing. Ibid. 143-151 (1936). German. Dinitrober.zer.es are considerably more toxic than nitrobenzene. The para com pound is -be most toxic. As with aniline, there is a "circular process" in which the poison reacts continuously. Amounts of raethemoglobin formed by dinitrobenzer.e may exceed the equivalent ratio 3 times with the ortho compound, up to 20 times with the neta, and up to 100 times with the para* The conver sion of the blood pigment by the poison thus has a catalytic character. The intermediary anidophenols evidently have the chief share in metheooglobin formation. 376 ^.-EDICAL PREVENTION OF CHRONIC BENZENE INTOXICATION WITH SKCIAL REFERENCE TO URINARY SULFATES. Enrico C. Vigliani and Giannini. Rass. lied* applicata lavoro ind* J3, 376-403 (1937). Italian. Conjugated sulfates represented 60-7055 of the total sulfates eliminated by workers exposed to benzene vapors; they comprised only 10-2055 of the eulfates in the control groups* The determination or urinary sulfates togetherwith the hematological picture was considered a good test for chronic benzene intoxication. 377 STUDIES ON LATENT BENZENE POISONING. P. Emile-Vreil, Perles, and A. Asohkenasy. Sang. 12, 151-179 (1938). (French). Characteristic benzene poisoning symptoms were found in workers engaged in Gluing together rubber coats, using a rubber adhesive dissolved in benzene. Only such workers were examined as had not been officially reported ill. Tabu lar results are given. Red blood counts below 4 million were present in 3355 of the men and 3255 of the women* all apparently healthy. White blood oounts below 5000 were found in 36,'! of the men and 635? of the women. Leucopenia, eosir.ophilia and increase in coagulation time were in evidence in 25% and less of the cases. Thrombopenia was found in 6655* und a tendency toward aplasia in a third of those tested. Hypochlorhydria in the stomach contents was found in all of 8 cases examined. The authors recommend hygiene supervision of home work oonditions and periodic medical examinations. 378 SOLVENTS, THEIR HAZARDS AND PREVENTIVE IBASURES. H.H.'.Yeber. Reiohsgesundheitsbl 1, 77-79 (1938). German* This is a very general discussion of technical solvents and their hazards. The author includes boric solutions, lubricants and tempering oils among the sol vents. The dangers described include fire and explosion, acute and ohronic poisoning, skir. injuries and formation of harmful conversion products, and the preventive measures recommended are substitution of non-inflammable and non toxic solvents, exhaust systems, personal cleanliness, alteration in work, etc. Finally the author calls attention to the danger arising from the use of trade names that do not give a clue to the real contents of solvents. 03117844 n5B-B607936 References to Recent Literature - 11 379 3L0CD DYSCRASIAS CAUSED BY OCCTJP.*TIO:;t X-RaY, HaDI'JM, LILiD .,HT> 3E::ZE:3, I .Vi. Held and A. Lieberson. N.Y.State J. .'led. 3j8, 186-192 .(Feb. 1. 1S38). The authors disouss the blood changes that occur after industrial exposure to X-rays and radium, lead ar.4 benzene, and briefly discuss the sources of such exposure and the clinical picture. They emphasize the possibility of success r1 ful treatment, provided the patient is removed from further exposure at an early stage of the disease. Differences between occupational and spontaneous blood dyscrasias are pointed out. In the former, only one part of the hema topoietic system is affected at first and the injury spreads to other parts only after a considerable length of time, while spontaneous dyscrasias, after a short period of local attack spread quickly to other portions. Exposure to X-rays and radium has an especial affinity for the hemolymph glands, producing either relative or absolute lymphocytosis. In lead poisoning, the erythro poietic system is primarily involved. 3enzene has a special affinity for the leuco-blastic tissue in the bon6 narrow, producing an early leucopenia, leading lat.-.-r to secondary anemia. Xylene and toluene rcsumble benzene in their ef fects, but in a lighter degree. Uitro and amido derivatives of bensene are more toxic than benzene on account of the methemoglobinemia produced* The effeota 0 of several drugs derived from benzene are similar to those of benzene. 380 Il-'DT'STRIAL POISONI1IG FRO" CHESOL. 'A. Duvoir, R.Hazemann, H.Desoille and P M- iot. Bull, et men, Soc. ned* d. Hop. de Paris, Series 3, 54, 106-117 (1931) French. Seven men were engaged for 1 l/Z to 3 years in producing automobile brake bands, using a mixture of cresol, formol, ammonia and asbestos. Complaints of head aches, eructation and vomiting with high blood pressure and tremors, reminded the authors of similar symptoms among surgeons who had operated under a car bolic acid spray. Urir.e examinations of the workers showed up to 68 mg. phenol per liter, against the normal content of 12 mg. After improvement of the in dustrial process, the -.Yorkers' blood pressure became normal in several months and the tremors were less pronounced. Similar but lighter symptoms were seen in another plant. 381 01* TRI0F.THCCRESYLFK0SP5ATE. Adolaidc- Ross Smith. Ind. Bull. 17, 118-9 (Tferch 1938), Reprints obtainable from Div. of Industrial Hygiene, N.Y. State Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St,, Hew York, 1T.Y. This substance came into prominence in 1930 when an "epidemic* of paralysis appeared among users of Jamaica ginger, particularly in the southern states, and investigations showed it to be present as an adulterant* later oases of paralysis were traced to the same material. It is used in industry toft very limited extent, the chief uses being in the manufacture of celluloid artioles, as a plasticizer for pyroxylin lacquer, and in the recovery of phenol residues from gas plant effluents. Symptoms are desoribed, but its exact method of ac tion is unknown. The lethal dose in man is unknown but it is probably in the neighborhood of 1 g. per kilo of body weight. Only one ease of industrial poisoning from triorthocresylphosphate has been reported, and in that ease a .vorker was deluged with the crude hot product. On account of its low volatil ity, there is no hazard from the vapor. In a plant manufacturing 100,000 pounds a day without any special precautions, no cases of poisoning have oc curred. Investigation has shown no poisoning from contact with celluloid articles. However, on account of its serious effects when ingested, it should be used with caution. The isomers, trimetacresylphosphate and triparacresylphosphatc, also used in industry, are not toxic, but they should also be used with caution or. account of the possible presence of the ortho compound* 03117845 1 0 0 References to Recent Literature - 12 332 CAR30N MONOXIDE POISONING IN INDUSTRY AND ITS PREVENTION. Special bulletin No. 194, New York State Dopt. of Labor. Obtainable from the Secretary, State Dept, of Labor, 80 Centre St., New York City. Price 50 cents. This bulletin presents briefly in a simple and practical way, the general principles of carbon monoxide poisoning in industry. A resume of the physi ological effects of exposure and absorption, with outr* nding sign# and symptons, is providod as a background for an understanding of the rules of pre vention. More detailed consideration is thon given to the more important problems of prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning in industry wherever fuel is burned, and where workers are exposed to automobile exhaust gases. The maximum permissible concentration of carbon monoxide for continuous exposure is given, as well as a general outline for the medioal supervision of workers where, for special reasons, exposure to the gas oannot always be kept within safe limits. 383 CARBON MONOXIDE. Dracgcr-Ecfte, No. 194 (Jan.-Fob. 1938). German. The entire issue is devoted to a discussion of carbon monoxide. After an intro duction by G* Stampe, a paper on WHERE DCES CARBON MONOXIDE COME FROM? by 2. Meujok includes a graph showing the carbon monoxide content of various gases. HOW DOES A CARBON MONOXIDE FILTER Vt'GRK? by F. Bangert, desoribes the Draeger protective device, its uses end limitations. MEASURING CARBON MONOXIDE U 195 EXHaUST GAS 0? ILLUMINATING GAS BURNERS, by Bangert, describes the Draeger detector, which is sensitive to 0.02 volume %* EXPERIMENTS ON THE CARBON MON OXIDE CONSENT OF A STREAM-LUTED CAR, by E. 7f. Steinets, shows very softll ar bor* monoxide concentrations to be produced. On a long trip behind a truak with a poorly regulated diesel engine, the carbon monoxide in the oar ran as high as 0*01%, Stclter describes a case of LOSS OF MEMORY IN CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. Although the patient recovered consciousness after resusoitation, he had no memory of the time between his becoming aware of oonfusion in a gas-filled room until he awoke after sleeping several hours. In the final paper by K. Thiel on CHRONIC CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING, the author concludes that there is no real chronic poisoning from that gas. His conolusion is on the basis of theoretical reasoning and lack of experimental proof. 384 TRANSVERSE LESION OF THE SPINAL CORD AT THE LEVEL OF TIE FIRST AND SECOND LUM BAR VERTEBRAE AFTER CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. E. Zipf. Deutsoh. Ztsohr. f. Nervenh 142, 39.(German). (1937). In a patient who survived about a day after carbon monoxide poisoning, were found Tarious symptoms of paralysis of the' lower part of the body. Autopsy showed considerable swelling of the spinal cord at the level of the 12th dorsal vertebra, and histologic examination revealed perivasoular round cell infiltrations in that region. There were no indications of another cause, and the oarbon monoxide poisoning must be considered responsible for the injuries. 385 ACCIDENT PREVENTION IN BLAST FURNACES, F. Rabeneick. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg. 15, 1-9, 25-37 (1938). German. This is an illustrated detailed description of technical installations for accident prevention and protection against oarbon monoxide# 386 FrtT.a POISONING FROM WELDING WITH ACETYLENE (DISSOU8 GAS). Ifcwioh. *rbeitaschut2, 43-44 (1938). (German). The author discusses several cases of poisoning in welders caused by oxides of nitrogen, described in British and Austrian labor office reports, and hopes for clarification by further investigation. 03117846 HWfiB-0607937 HUBB-0007938 *P - ' / IT7H- 03117S47 FOURTH SILICOSIS SiSJPOSIUM. The Fourth Siij.cosis Symposium will be held June 19-23, 1939 at the Saranac Laboratory, Saranac Lake, N. Y. Tho Symposiums are held every two years to dis cuss aspects of end developments in the silicosis problem. This year's program is comprised of a variety of interesting and pertinent subjects by well-known authorities in the field. It will be somewhat broader than those of the past and will include, in addition to the general subjects, discussions on silicosis in various industries, as dolomite, iron, coal and gold mining, and in gypsum, cement, foundry, and other industries. It is probable that the proceedings will appear in published form fallowing the meeting. Registration is limited to 100, t'ution is $25. Address applications to Secretary of Trudeau School, P. C. Bos 131, Saranac Lake, N. Y. 'S' / :1? <C : References to Recent Literature - 13 38? STATISTICAL COMPILATION OF FAT.*L CaSES OF POISONINGS (EXCEPT CARBON MONOXIDE aND ILLUMINaTING GAS) aUTOPSIED aT TBE MEDICO-LEGAL INSTITUTE OF miCH FROM 1914-1936. A Kogler. Sainm. v. Vergiftungsf, 9, 1-32 (1938). (German). This paper inoludes reports of a number of autopsies in Bavaria, including accidental poisonings and suicides. The industrial cases include poisoning from fumes of nitric and other acids, nitrous gases and "soot inhalation." 388 G-.SES FROL' C-vRBON aRCS. R.VY.Coltman. Research Labs., National Carbon Co., lnc., Cleveland, Ohio. J. Ind* Hyg. & Toxicol. 20, 289-96 Upril 1938). Reprints probably obtainable from author. The author investigated the production of gases produced by carbon arc lamps of various types. Carbon dioxide is naturally the chief product of combustion, but nitric oxide is always produced in quantities which are the same whether alternating or direct ourror.t is used, and approximately proportional to the arc current for any one type of carbon. Unimpregnated and therapeutic oarbons give off more fixed nitrogen than carbons containing rare earths. In small enclosed spaces the nitrogen peroxide, formed immediately by oxidation of the nitric oxide, may reach concentrations above the toxio limit. The amount of carbon monoxide, even in extreme cases, is negligible from the standpoint of health hazard. Ozone could not be determined on account of experimental dif ficulties . The results of a number of experiments are presented in tabular form. 38S THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INFLATION OF C.JIBON aRC FUMES. E.L.UoQuiddy, 7 J. Perry Tollman, Leroy W. La Tcwsky and Milward Bayliss. Univ. of Nebraata College of Medicine, Omaha, Neb. J. Ind. Hyg. it Toxicol. 20, 297-311 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable from senior author. The paper presents some of the results of an investigation of hazard* in the notion picture industry. It was shown by the authors (confirming the results of others) that the undiluted gross fumes arising freon an electric carbon arc are toxic to animals* The pathological results, given with a number of il lustrations, shew that the c;.*nges are produced by oxides of nitrogen. 390 THE COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF THE CARBON ARC. E.L.McQuiddy, J. Perry Tollmen, W. La Towaky and Milward Bayliss. J. Ind. Hyg. it Toxiool. 20, 312-20 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable as in preceding abstract. The results obtained with another type of arc than those used by Coltman (abstract 388) are in general agreement with those of Coltaaan. Four typee of analysis for carbon monoxide failed to show its presence in the exhaust fumes. No sulfur dioxide was found. There is no satisfactory method for the specific determination of ozone, and its presence could not be confirmed. It was indicated tPat the M.S.A. carbon monoxide indicator is not speoiflo for carbon monoxide in the presenoe of oxides of nitrogen. A fine ash of fairly definite composition is given off. 391 VENTILATION OF MOTION PICTURE BOOTHS. Philip Drinker and J. Raymond Snell. J. lnd. Hyg. 4 Toxicol. 20, 321-30 (April 1938). Reprints obtainable frem Prof. Drinker, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. A modern motion-projector lamp was set up in a 3000 cu. ft. room whioh oould be ventilitad or air-conditioned as desired. It was found that if the lamp was ventilated through the flue pipes at rates above 12 c*f4in there was no sensible escape into the room of nitrogen tetroxide or other substances formed by the eleotric arc. If the ventilation is adequate to dispose of the heat so that reasonable comfort to the operator is attained, it would undoubtedly be ample for the removal of any harmful products produced by the carbon aro. A rate of 12 c.f.m.- through thfc flue pipe is sufficient. No recirculation should be used. VThore a flue pipe cannot be used, the general ventilation of the stage should be sufficient to insure adequate removal of the heat and the products of combustion. HwBB-0007939 H M B 6 -0 0 0 7 9 M References to Recent Literature 14 392 CANCER OF THE LUNG. 3rit. Med. J. 662 (Ifcrch 26, 1938). An editorial comment or. the paper by J.A.Campbell, (our abstract 536, November bulletin), oalls attention to his results that even 7/here tar has been ex tracted from road dust 45# of the r.icc still developed tumors, lending some apparent support tS^8therv/ise very debatable proposition that the inhalation of silica disposes to lung cancer. The question arises whether the lung can cer found in mice is thv same as that found in man; although Camnbell supports the belief that it is, caution is required in intorprep&tion of his results. 393 CANCER 07 THE LUNG. J. Argyll Campbell. Brit. Med. J. 1_, 755 (April 2, '38) The author, referring in a letter to the above editorial, shows the fairly close correspondence in composition between tho road dust which he used and the pitchblende dust in the Joachimstal mines whero the cancer incidence has beer. high. 3oth arc- high in silica (44# in road dust and 57# in JoQchimstal) and iron oxide (4.5# and 6.5# respectively), which tho author considers sig nificant. Figures for alumina, magnesia and lime arc also given. Animal experiments are being conducted with nickel dust from "old matte", from a source v/hore the incidence of cancer is high, with the supposition that iron and other metals may play somo catalytic part in the development of lung can cer. The author reiterates his belief that the lung cancer found in mi# and human lung cancer are similar. (The cases of cancer in tho Joaohimstal ^Lnes have giver, rise to somo controversy. Som6 authors attribute it to raditai emanation, but others point out the very low amount of emanation present and believe that silica is primarily responsible.) 324 OCCUPATION AND CANCER. !'. Stacmmlcr. Mttnch. med. TTehnsohr* 85, 121-125 (1938). (German). The difficulties of collecting information and lack of statistics of indus trial mortality from car.ccr are first described. Localisation of cancer de pends on the site of immediate action of the damaging substance, as in the c ^ case of bladder tumors. Or. the other hand, definite organs and tissues prob ably have varying tendencies to react to a definite injury with cancer forma tion. Often, the histological form of occupational cancer of definite organs differs from other cancers occurring in the same organs. Industrial cancer of the skin and of the lungs, for instance, is usually a squamous ooll epithelioma. Furthermore, occupational cancer has a epocial tendenoy to ap pear in a multiple form. Often a prccancerous stage is noticoable. Disposi tion plays only a slight role ir. occupational cancer. 395 A STUDY OF MINER'S NYSTAGMUS. Raymond S. Brock. Brit. Med. J. 1. 443-4 (Feb. 26, 1938). There ar6 two general theories of the cause of nystagmus; thoso suggesting somo toxic agency, and those postulating some form of fatigue. Exposure to darkness has also been considered as a factor. No oonnection with carbon monoxide or other noxious gas or vapor has been proved. Tho author arrives at no positive conclusion but states that* (l) prolonged work below ground may bring about oscillation of the eyes which does not necessarily cause dis ablement; (2) when disability does arise it is usually duo to an associated psychor.vurosis, ar.d (3) prevention depends upon recognition of these faots, treatment of contributing disorders, diminished stress ir. tho mine, barring of unsuitable applicants, improved economic conditions, and stricter assess ment of disablement. 03117849 HU6B-B6079M References to Reoent Literature - 15 396 RHEUMATISM AMD MINERS. A. Feil. Pressemed., 17S-18C (1938) (French). Data accumulated in various countries often show a higher incidence of rheu matism than of tuberculosis. In workers in a group of iron mines, 19C to 200 meters deep and slightly humid, the incidence of rheumatism is 41^ Out of 100 slate workers, 22 were incapacitated by rheumatism and lumbago, and 18 out of 100 cases of sickness in the mines were of those diseases. Chronic /rt\ subacute forms of rheumatism are also very common among miners. 397 '.YORK PHYSIOLOGY. I.E*Atzler. Ergeb. d* Physiol., Biol* Chem. u. exr. Pharmakol. 40, 325-436 (1333). (German). Ir. this first paper of a series the author says in his definition of work physiology: **7*o must search for ways to bring ihe v'orking man to his highest physiologic efficiency and keep him in Ihis condition as long as possible. "e must arrange his work so that it corresponds to the laws of the human or ganism; above all, we must construct machinery and tools properly and adjust 'he operations to physiological rules." Heavy work is considered in this paper, with detailed discussion of the processes of the organism (metabolism, blood 3ugar, internal secretions, heart, circulation and respiration). The influence of training is next considered, and a discussion of fatigue follows, with a description of the fatigued muscle, the anatomy and chemistry of fatigue, and its effect on the nervous system. Abstract 351 Additional information - Also abstracted in Ind. Bull. 17, 61-2 (Feb* 1938). Reprint of abstract obtainable at address given, and the original should be available now or at an early date, as a Special Bulletin of the New Y0rk St&tx, Department of Labor. Correction: Abstract 310, April bulletin. The author's name should bo L. Breitenecker and the reference, Deutsch. 2tschr. f. d. ges. gerichtl. Med. 29, 187-9 (1938). 03117850 To members of the Foundation j 7Ve are new able to give improved service in securing copies of original papers when desired, on account of the extension of the work on the American. Documenta tion institute. We shall continue to give information that free reprints are available from authors when we know that to be the case, but when reprints are not obtainable or r.ot readily obtainable, as in the case of foreign papers, we car; make use of tire following services* (1) Iviorofilms of ar.y literature available at any of 3 Government libraries in 'Washington may be obtained at 20 cents for the paper, plus 1 cent per page, A page on the mierofilm is about 1x1-1/2" and tire use of a magnifying glass is required, A viewer costing $1.50, obtainable through Science Service, is satisfactory for reading the films when only occasional use is necessary, A 50 cent imgnifying glass can be used, but not so conveniently and with more danger of eyestrain, A much more elaborate and expensive projection reader is also available, but the expense would not bo justified unless a larg6 number of films are to be read. A hand reading glass does not give sufficient magnification. (2) Photoprints, 5x3" are obtainable from the same service, at a cost of 20 cents for the article, plus 5 cents per page. To viewer is required. This cost is lower than that of photo prints heretofore obtainable, and may be higher or lower than the price of the iragazir.e. Ir. the ease of foreign papers, the purchase of photoprints will save the delay in securing tho reprint or periodical from a foreign country. 'iVe cannot promise tha t every paper ir. our bulletin can be so obtained, but believe that the great majority of papers can bo seoured ir. this form. If papers are wanted occasionally, tho microfilm will be less expensive, as the saving on a total of 40 pages will pay for the viewer. We shall be glad to secure photoprints, microfilms and viewers at cost, for members who dosire them, but it will bo necessary definitely to state what is wanted. Of oourse, we shall continue to obtain or to give information on reprints whenever they car. be secured. 03117851 *1 HwB8-000792*i