Document pmJ5X4eeGJNXx7XOM9E2byj5a

584 CHAPTER 55 1962 Guide And Data Book No. 433, Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA, September I960). ** P. R. Achenbach, C. W. Phillips, and W. P. Goddard: How the method of rating the cooling load for refrigerated trailers has been standardized (ASHRAE Jousnal, May 1960, p. 45). W. H: Redit: Refrigerated track transport problems (Ra- raiGSBATtMo Enginbbhing, May 1953, p. 514). * R. F. Guilfoy: A Curtain to Help Maintain Temperatures in Local Refrigerated Delivery Truck* (Marketing Research Report No. 176, Transportation and Facilities Branch, USDA. May 1957). 3 " Douglas Albert: Truck-trailer refrigeration (Ruralgebatino Engineering. January 1948, p. 31). " H. O. Kirkpatrick: Specialized refrigeration equipment meets track demands (Rbfbigebating Engineering,' September 1957jj>. 58).. ** Harry Poliak: Unique refrigerated van pays for itself in two years (Refrigerating Engineering, December 1956, p. 50). ** S. E. Tomkinson: Electric powered mobile refrigeration gaining momentum (Refrigerating Engineering, November 195Ap. 49). B Track refrigeration with liquid nitrogen offers low invest ment cost (Refrigeration Service and Contracting, June 1961, p. 25). * C. E. Garver et at: A Test Comparing Dry Ice and Mechanical Refrigeration in the Transportation of Frozen Citrus Concentrate by Motortruck (Marketing and Facilities'Branch, USDA, February System Installed in a Frozen Food Delivery Truck (AA._ Report No. 426,' Agricultural Marketing Service, Transportation*^ Facilities Research Division, USDA, December 1960). " A. F. Sawyer: The application of plate type evaporators t* truck bodies (Refrigerating Engineering, June 1942 - *>,*. ** L. 8. Martin, Secretary-Manager, National Association**! Frozen Food Packers: Private communication to H. D. Johnson Transportation Facilities Branch, USDA,April 11, 1957. ^ " Protect Frozen Foodsfrom Temperature Damage (ARS No. 74-9, Agricultural Research Service,USDA, Revised fW tember 1959). P- H. D. Johnson ct al: Heat Transfer Measurements tn Re frigerated Food Trailers (AMS Report No. 250, Agricultural Marketing Service, Transportation and Facilities Branch. USD* June 1958). ** P. R. Achenbach and C. W. Phillips: Heat sink for measuring the cooling loads of refrigerated structures (Proewd- ings Xth International Congress of Refrigeration, International Institute of Refrigeration, 177, loulevard- Malesherbes, Paris (17e) France). . " Mario Alteri: A method of testing by internal cooling the overall heat transfer of insulated vehicles (Proceedings of Com mission 7 Meeting in Padua, Italy, June 1961, International Institute of Refrigeration, 177, Boulevard Malesherbes, pria ' (17e) France). ^ ** H.D. Johnson et al: Transportation Test of Dry Ice Refriger ated Truck Trailer--Florida to Chicago (H. T. dt S. Office Report No. 252, Bureau of Plant Industry, Boils and Agricultural Enid- neering, USDA, July 1951). u H. D. Johnson and M. V. Gerrity: Some Refrigeration Test* of a Motor Truck-Trailer Equipped With One Type of Dry Ice System of Refrigeration (Marketing and Facilities Branch, USDA.' April 1953). ** H. D. Johnson and M. V. Gerrity: Test* ofOne System of Dry Ice Refrigeration in the Transportation of Meat by Motor Truck- Trailer (Marketing and Facilities Branch, USDA, June 1953). * H. D. Johnson et al: Test of a Refrigerated Truck-Trailer Equipped with Dry Ice System of Refrigeration Using a Secondary Refrigerant (Marketing and .Faculties Branch, USDA. April 1953). u ARI Standard 1110-69 for Speed-Governed Transport Refrigeration Units Employing Forced-Circulation Air-Coolers (AirConditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Washington, D. C.) a ARI Standard 11S0-61 for Variable-Speed Transport Re frigeration Units Employing Forced-Circulation Air-Coolers (Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Washington. D. C.). * H. G. Strong: The Proper Selection of Refrigeration and Heating Equipment for Protective Transportation Bodies (SAB Paper 1957, No. 11, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. January 1957). 47 R. F. Guilfoy and H. D. Johnson: Suggested Methods for Checking Temperatures of Fresh and Frozen Food Shipments (MRS Report No. 150, Transportation and Facilities Branch, USDA, December 1956). CHAPTER 56 RAILWAY REFRIGERATOR CARS Types of Refrigerator Cars; Types of Protective Services; Refrigeration, Mechanical Protective, Ventilation, Heater, and Special Services; Sources of Refrigeration; Water Ice and Salt, Mechanical, and Other Sources; Refrigerator Car Design and Construction; Conventional Freight Car Features; Insulation,- Ice Bunkers and Ice Tanks; Air Circulation; Supplemental Refrigerator Car Equipment; Air Circulating Fans; Heaters and Heater Fuels; Temperature Indicating Devices; Mechanical Refrigeration Equipment; Powerand Drive; Refrigeration Components; Controls andAccessory Equipment HE development of refrigerator car service by the rail with beef rails. (Beef rails are overhead rails, usually of wood Troad industry and private refrigerator car lines during with a protective metal strip, running lengthwise of the car the past 100 years has been an important factor in establish that support the hooks on which are hung quarters of dressed' ing the present nationwide system of distributing perishables. beef.) The AAR definitions and letter designations for the It hasbrought about a great expansion of markets forall kinds various types of refrigerator cars are as follows: of fresh fruits and vegetables, meats and other perishables by providing year-round transportation protection over dis tances up to 3000 miles from such widely scattered growing areas as California, Washington, Texas, Florida and Maine. While the first refrigerator car fleet consisted of 30 insu lated box cars in 1857, there are now approximately 114,000 refrigerator cars of all types in service. The number of gen eral service refrigerator cars designed for fresh fruits and vegetables is over 82,000 and includes many all-purpose Tm^hamcal refrigerator cars which also handle frozen foods. The remainder of the refrigerator car Beet consists of cars specifically designed for either frozen foods, passenger train express service, solid carbon dioxide, quarters of dressed beef and other packing house products, or for those commodities which may require the protection afforded by an insulated car but do not need additional cooling in transit. The total movement of perishable foods and beverages in railroad refrigerator cars within the U. S. during 1960 amounted to one and one-third million carloads or over 31 million tons. Of these carloads, fresh fruits and vegetables account for nearly 38 percent; various types of food products in cans and packages, not frozen, 32 percent;'meats and edible packing house products, 16 percent; wines, liquors and other beverages, 7 percent; frozen foods, 4 percent; dairy products, 2 percent; and other perishables, 1 percent. The railroad in dustry also transports perishables in their piggy-back service. Some of the refrigerated trailers and containers used in this service are owned and operated by the railroad industry. For information on this type of equipment and service see Chapter 55. TYPES OF REFRIGERATOR CARS The various types or railway cars are classified, defined, and given designating letters by the Association of American Railroads.1 Refrigerator cars are designated as Class R cars; except those equipped for passenger train service come under AS--Bunker Refrigerator. A fully insulated car equipped with ice bunkers. Designed primarily for use of chunk ice ana with or without means of ventilation, (ice bunkers usually located at the ends of the care but may be located over the loading area.) Fig. I shows a typical ice bunker car. R3M--Bunker Refrigerator, similar to an AS car but equipped with beef rails. RA--Brine Tank Refrigerator. A car equipped with insulation and brine tanks. Designed primarily for the combined use of crushed ice and salt, and usually without ventilating devices. Used chiefly for meats and packing-house products. RAM--Brine Tank Refrigerator, similar to an RA car but equipped with beef rails. RB---Beverage, ice, water or vinegar refrigerator^ similar in design to an RS car except that it is not equipped with ice bunkers, and with or without ventilating devices. RBL--A car similar in construction to an RB car, but equipped in addition with adjustable loading or stowing device. RP--Mechanical Refrigerator. A fully insulated car with or without means of ventilation and provided with mechanical re frigeration equipment for furnishing protection against heat, cold or both. RPM--Mechanical Refrigerator, similar to RP but equipped with beef rails. RPL--Mechanical Refrigerator, similar to RP but equipped in addition with adjustable loading or stowing device. LRC--A heavily insulated car, with or without ventilation, with or without hatches, and with or without gravity conveyors for loading and unloading. May have cross partitions forming compartments. Designed primarily for the transportation of solid carbon dioxide. BP--Refrigerator Express. An insulated car constructed and equipped for passenger train service, with or without means of ventilation and provided with refrigerating apparatus. BR--Refrigerator Express. An insulated car constructed and equipped for passenger train service, having- ice bunkers or ice boxes. Designed primarily for use of chunk ice with means of ventilation and suitable to carry any perishable commodity re quiring refrigeration or ventilation. BS---Refrigerator Express. An insulated car constructed and equipped for passenger train service, and having brine tanka. Designed primarily for the combined use of crashed ice and salt, and usually without ventilating devices. Used chiefly for meats and packing-house products. Class B (Passenger Equipment Cara) and those designed for transporting solid carbon dioxide come under Class I (Spe cial Cara). The first letter of the designating letters for cars n^dicates the class. Information on the number and ownership of the various types of freight and passenger express refrigerator care is given in Table 1. With Class A-cars, the second designating letter indicates type of cooling equipment installed. The letter S indicates TYPES OF PROTECTIVE SERVICES top or end ice bunkers, A indicates brine tanks, P indicates Providing year-round rail transportation protection for mechanical refrigeration, and B indicates no equipment for perishables is a complex problem since refrigerator care are woling is provided. The letter L is added to the designating exposed to outdoor air conditions which vary from summer letters if the car is equipped with an adjustable loading or desert temperatures to the very low winter temperatures that etowing device, and the letter M is added if the car is equipped occur in Garuufa and the northern United States, and since 585