Document pepZ7ZyNN72bx2MbM66Dwba0E

Y/Oi'.dP 1`"AL79 ' .hI'm;ATiCm :' cwtv.N. av:o:i dc :.a ;;ant jov-?r fao/.uC iiT na'dAThE a; ?- o- A09rr';;~y OT` i'tTMTr,Vf'f ', v,'* T?,''Tv < T> ` 7; ' ' 1 ' ` * T r f l \ ' J, i i. /j _/, / ` ' ii SC.'iej 1^/J i`.," J 1 I.',.-' * -L V. v ' l` V / k --# w` - t- - * e ,> .). I\d t ,/LJ GE un ,::,\,,J Av '1.<-`> w` /. 1J,V 2 .E'lv OGT) CCPPHH by Dr P.S. Elias (Consultant.) Biclo'leal data > Biochemical amccts Copper is an essential trace element for man and animals and a physiological constituent of plants, soils and man. 'The whole human body contains 100-150 mg (Browning, 19^9) At subcillular level a number of ensyrns contain Cu as part of their structure (tyrosine, lactase, uricass, ascorbic acid dehyJrcrenase) or require it for proper functioning (catalase, peroxidase, cytochrome oxidate). Somewhat controversial evidence suggests that the metal is an essential cofactcr in haemoglobin synthesis and is involved in Fe r._ tabolisn. Seme animal diseases, especially severe anaemias, are suspected to arise from nutritional copper deficiency. Copper intoxication may cause acute haemolysis in sheep (Anon., 1966). In man the average daily requirement for adults is estimated at 2 mg, for infants and children at 0.05 mg/kg body-weight (Fd. Std. Cttee, 1956; Browning, 1969). The average daily dietary intake for aduls is estimated at 2-5 mg, of which up to 0.7 mg are excreted in the urine (FAQ/v/HO, 196?; 3rov.-ning, 1969). 0.8 mg are retained mainly in liver, kidney and intestine, while 1.40 mg are excreted ir. the faeces. Increased intake appears to have little effect on urinary output but faecal excretion may rise to 10-20 times the urinary excretion. Absorption from the G.I. tracts is limited, dermal hur.cn serum levels range from 68-90 mg/ml of which 95$ is carried by the C g-glonulin copper oxidase ceruloplasmin. The remainder is bound to.^lbumin or amino acids. In vitro studies on liver and kidney slices using urCn-acetate demonstrated intracellular transport by hiSLidins and other mirr.o acids (doumann ana dilverberg, I956)* The infut) of thic documa.it does not constitute formal nubncpti.-'i;. It r.hould not be reviowod, abstracted or quoted without tha r.g.eomont of tha World h':.~!ih Orga.iii-'at'on, Authors alone ara re: ponaibia for vieva cxpri33od in signed art'clea. Co document no constituc pas une publication, II no doit faire ! oojnt d'aucun cornpte rendu cu rtfaurnd ni d'aucuna citation ana I'autoriontion da I'Q.otnir.ation Mw.-clinle da la Santo. lew opinions exp^mies dans ies articles oign.es n onoagent quo 'jure aufoo>;. ASI 00004247 Di.r.ou ' 'v ;r vXo? 1 ' ; .1 *tyx'.VLi'-- -V , ' " '. * 1 1 uri'.'.v l.-'rels As .' <;' "llli V \ .e-yu'. '-.lT". ... an' i1,, j :;o esnec l-',' 7 u:-v `v: , C 1 0 0 *J VV-'T < rm?y b`:. 'X'.. in in :< '/ * t mo'LyrJe.: vi. Ik is -yXt J. V.: 0 -1 '; . ^ 0'1;' * j ; .' r *' ' *'J '* 1. - , \" j V ' , j/* - :,c. , a atlc si ;a-v of 1 ...V A- C.; 0 -j.or ^1, i v x :1. V > fv C [ t V i * `K la "*V-- Qj V j r' - /per : .bo.Li or, r,,- .o .1* i d` Oi `V til * 1" n'.irad ino-v/n.ic zv-'i , .., a oC Copm7.* cam! a Xv t 01: off. If - V 0.. \ ,, ini- h:: :: , ,,p., in '-UV: y.: Cli-1 o r^j^-iXy yv.1'.1 c vo 1 IXul- .Oil and 2 r*' '-3 * mi' . no but::!-;.- . nun -1- -'! r;' , ^' , ( < c ' . 1 1 '* ' * `w vy-nism.-.. n - yve 1,; , SVii, C O ^ j J. . ~ <TbJ- 'J ':j Ot: jr' ^ the lunm ' r] 0711 of crJ-X-mi.; i; vc. pole; Bur. Minn:; Jaf. , 1955 i. ii*," (la. ../I,'.-!!, 19V). Trv1 important for trie devtf.opxent 'C-. a I; ' C I. live T'T >T Ln*'d. v ' r, r ' f.'.'C rolv bk i-L I J ' . 1 SJ , | M n 1 .f * : hns mb bveu c: Z's.C: *.2 l0. . > i*- o>.. s' J > j?*** 'Z mwv f 0 0'V v X: 1 '1 b 00 v rr.r .nj ' ora Latai .-.e no/ Civ gu,.' .-.v.. '. .1 soil nr!.?. near -.:.u to cc of gannric evr\ot--r in ;a:i (Anon, IQ -a a)* Acute to:-' trv 'In animnfs ingestion of 3 ounces of l Cufo^ solution produces in'once G.I. tract infl. .-nation (Z-i owning, 1959)- f.iai oral human doses Basic copper sulphate Copper chloride Copper carbon?Ie Copper hydroxide Copper oxychloride Copper sulphate Copper acetoar.oeni be eaiCO my/hy bi.dyweight un ,r '* " 600-900 mg highly toxic 9-10 mg/V.g bodyv;-eight Large dose-a cause severe mucosal irritation and corrosion, widespread capillar?,' damoga, hepatic and renal damage, C.V3 irrigation and depression. Sulplthr.cnoylcbjnaerr.ia and haemolytic anaemia have been seen. The acetate and sulphate are very toxic especially the cuoric sal-cs while cuprous chloride is the most toxic. Local skin corrosion with eczema and eye inflammation occur. Copper sulphate has been used in suicide attempts. Rapid transfer of absorbed Cu to red cells causes haemolysis. Hepatic necrosis and renal tubular oedema with necrosis are seen (Chuttani et al., 19&3; Browning, 1969)- Occupational copper poisoning causes greenish hair and urir.e in coppersmiths arid cooper colic (Bur. Kir.es Inf., 1953)* Inhalation of dust or vapour causes copper fume fever brasschills (Bur. Lines inf., 1953)- Contact of food or soft acid water with copper utensils may causa poisoning, but no haemoohromatocis or liver disease (Bur. Mines inf., 1953; Hueper, iy5i Browning, 1969)* Skin rashes have occurred from water conducted in copper piping ao levels of 7 ppm (P.... , 1968) The existence f chronic copper poisoning in man v/hether industrial or non- industrial is debatable (Browning, 1969). In mammals injection or inhalation of coppsr and its compounds leads to haemoehromatosis, liver injury or lung injury (Brovmin;;:, 1969). ASI 00004248 if c-'; None avail .vuc Ion ~ PAC/.- r Nc< recorded :ci '-.vtimr, :i cz~r -> ar-i huunn oar eincyen fulj owing occupntir ''1. clj* . ::'j -cr --`..v:: ix.nu.u. c (Ko-r^r, 19':;}. S`ucutausoug implants of o -i ^epprr or,'-, cu ."O'..- sulfite rr-i cupric .\'-Ii'ic;o into rats ft Hod to iii'uc. If?.;. 1 oov-?'.' ; - rt. ricuev;.-, rice .cut-:' -.;vi Niri .MiJeer, ad iri -.1- co .-j.-r murv-. to de\ olrpca to a M-c.-vta, ae:r.in:\..ata. and intertit; ai cell nao-iii.-v.s in Critics.! arscsGMfiut of the^e fx.'i'.vjs do not rapper'; any susp . eier.s that nr lieiitel copper preparations constitute ;. eanc.r h-ta.rd to i.ian. References Anon (1966), lancet, i, 1032 Anon (1956 a), Lancet, i, 1145 Browning, I, (iyo-9), Toxicity cf Industrial Metals, II ed. , Butterworths, Lennon Bureau of Mines 0953), Infcrmtion circular, J666 Davis, M.S. (1906), Food Tir.de Review, 5.3 Food Standard Cer.-vittoe (ly55), Report on Copper, liHSO, London FA0/.7K0 (I9O7), VSiO Tsciui, Report Ssr. No 375 Hueper, VIC. (I9S5)> UICC Symposium, Paris, Nov, 17op Neumann, P.F. and Si1verberg, H, (1966), Nature, PIG, 4l6 P (1968), Lancet ASI 00004249