Document pepVEa62ZXMoNMra3GYEK6Gjw
FILE NAME: Kaiser Gypsum (KG)
DATE: 1966
DOC#: KG093 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Report - Documentation of Threshold Limit Values American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
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Copies o f t h is p u b lic a t io n may be o b tained from:
American
Secretary-Treas jrer Conference o f Governmental In d u s tria l
1014 Broadway C in c in n a t i, Ohio 45202
H ygienists
P ric e per copy !4.50 Make checks payable to American C orferen ce o f Governmental
Industrial H ygierists
C opyrigh t 1966
by American Conference o f Governmental
In d u strial Hygienists
ppferences:
i
Henderson, Y ., Haggard, H.W.: Noxious Gases, Reinhold Publishing Co., N.Y.
(1943). . ........ ................
2. Nau, C.A.: South. Med. J . 41, 341 (1948).
3* Elkins, H.B.: Chemistry of~Tndustrial Toxicology, Wiley & Sons, N.Y., (1959).
4* Bulmer, F.M.R., et a l .: J . Ind. Hyg. & Tox. 22^ 111 (1940).
ASBESTOS
5 mppcf
Asbestos is a generic term applying to a nunber o f mineral s ilic a t e s that are incombustible in a ir and can be separated in to filam ents. The most widely used in industry is ch ry s o tile , a magnesium s ilic a t e froir serpentine. Other types include amosite (an iron magnesium s i l i c a t e ) , c r o c id o lit e (a sodium iron s ilic a t e ) , trem olite (a calcium magnesium s ilic a t e ) and an th o p h y llite (also an iron magnesium s ilic a t e ) .
M ill e r and Sayers (1) showed that in trap erit^ n eal in je c tio n o f amosite, chryso t i l e and c r o c id o lite in guinea pigs produced the reaction o f an in e rt dust. Vorwald et a l . (2) confirmed th is f o r short fib e rs (under 3ju) but observed that long fib e rs produced a fibrous reaction. Continuing unpublish?d work by Gardner, these workers demonstrated that long fib e rs (20 microns and abo/e) produced pe rib ro n ch io la r fib r o s is in lower animals, and developed evidence that th i , resulted from mechanical rather than chemical action. Asbestos dust containing O.t. per cent fib e rs longer than 10 microns, in concentrations o f 138 mppcf (or 0 . 8 .m l l i o n "long" fib e rs per cu. f t . ) , was capable o f producing experimental asbestosis n guinea pigs. When the concentration was 6.7 per cent fib e rs over 10 microns, 40 mppcf (equivalent to 2.7 m illio n "long" fib e r s per cu. f t . ) , the reaction developed in apfroxim ately h a lf the time.
That exposure to asbestos is associated with development of a p o te n tia lly d is abling pneumoconiosis in man has been amply demonstrated by in d u s tria l experience, (3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11). The present threshold lim it was recommended by Dreessen et a l . (8), a ft e r study o f 541 employees in three asbestos t e x t ile plants using chryso t i l e . Only three doubtful cases o f pneumoconiosis *ere found in those exposed to dust concentrations under 5 mppcf, whereas numerous well-marked cases were found above 5 mppcf. Counts were from im pinger-c'ollected samples in ethyl alcohol and d is t i l l e d water. Both fibro us and nonfibrous p a r t ic le ; were counted, but the la t t e r g re a tly predominated. While chemical analyses o f c o lle c te d samples o f air-borne dust corresponded to those o f s e ttle d dust samples, i t is believed that dust counts o f p a rtic u la te s by conventional methods can be expect;d to give only an in d ire c t measure o f the ris k o f asbestosis because o f the great r e li t i v e importance o f long fib e r s .
References:
1. M ille r , J.W ., Sayers, R.R.: Pub. Health Rep., 56_, 264 (1941). 2. Vorwald, A .J ., Durkan, T.M ., P ra tt, P.C.: A rd , Ind. Hyg. 3^, 1 (1951), 3. Merewether, E.R.A.: J. Ind. Hyg., _12, 198-239 (1930). Pneumoconiosis Abstracts,
1926-1938, V o l. I, p. 128. 4. Wood, W.B., Gloyne, S.R.: Lancet, Dec. 22, 19C4, pp. 1383-1385. 5. Fulton, W.B., Dooley, A ., Matthews, J . L . , Houtz, R.L.: Penn. D'ept. Labor and
Ind. B u ll. 42 (1935). 6. Lanza, A .J ., McConnell, W .J., Fehnel, J.W.: Pub. Health Rep. 50^, 1 (1935). 7. Donnelly, J .: J . Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 18, 222 (1936). 8. Dreessen, W.C., D a lla V a lle , J.W ., Edwards, T . I . , M ille r , J.W ., Sayers, R.R.:
Pub. Health B u ll. No. 241, Washington, D .C., 1338.
9. Lynch, M.: Arch. Ind. Health, U, 185 (1955).
10. Smith, K.W.: Arch. Ind. Health 12, 198 (1955). 11. C a rtie r, P.: Arch. Ind. Health 11_, 204 (1955).
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