Document peQa0j61kRQkaD8Z9aeVBQY2X

PAINT DIVISION QUARTERLY r e s e a r c h r e p o r t SECOND QUARTER, 19^1 ELMWOOD RESEARCH CENTER . QUARTERLY RESEARCH REPORT SECOND QUARTER, . 1961 C-^3 v`.- Subject: '. ... ,, . l 16-47~009. Interior Latex Finishes 'ft; ^ Contributors: \-i ` ,cpj. 0. Kingston, Q. Vale, 0. Nokken,` J. Ziegerer Objectives: 1. Latex Floor Paint 2. Nev Quality Ultra Flat 3. New Quality Satin Summary: Discussion: 1. Latex Floor Paint .. . a) The revised formula of 8pred Tred with VM-835 and VM-725 has gone into production in 1200 gal. batches in white, grey, and light tan* b) Deep shades are showing problems on water spotting, color wash off, ani thin viscosities. Nev water dispers ible phthalo pigments are being tested to overcome this. c) Nev latexes with a harder and more water resistant finish are in early stages of testing. 2. Nev Quality Ultra Elat a) Several pigment systems and dispersants were evaluated to overcome a problem of non-uniform color appearance in the nev 5100 line. Some progress was made and a modified formula is under way. b) Staining or discoloration of the 5100 and 5300 line occurs on some surfaces. A number of additives were tried.to overcome this problem but;it hasn't been entirely eliminated. ;-: 3. Key Quality Satin - ' There has been some concern on the polishing and burnishing of the nev, high hide, flat Satin. Variations on dispersants, pigments, and latex show only slight im provements without eliminating the problem sufficiently. Nev work is being started on a low sheen Satin to mask the burnishing and polishing and bring the product more in line with the current Spred Satin. 1. a) Formulas for Y-3000, 01,' and 03 were written up for plant trial. This nev formula has less peeling or stripping tendency than the previous formula. Hov- GLOOil755 -2 C-W+ ever, there is some sacrifice in initial hardness and water resistance. A three to four day dry is needed to obtain the overnight water resistance pre viously. It is expected that there will be better storage stability Jn the new formula also. The need for a mixing liquid primer has also been eliminated. 1. b) The use of BL-90 and G-J8 dispersions in deep blue and green create low viscosity problems. Dry water dispersible pigment from Koppers were checked in the revised Tred formulas but were found to be too water sensitive. Heliogen Green Toner # 66-3001 from General Aniline shows son* possibility, however, arri will be checked further. 1. c) Modified styrene acrylates with a harder and more water resistant finish than VM-835 are being tried as sole vehicle for floor finishes. Gliddenb RCR-0308 when used with a solvent for fusion shows some possi bilities. Latex # 1230 is another hard latex where solvent film fusion agents may not be needed. There is little experience with these yet, 2. a) To overcome the color problem of touch-ups and lapping in with the new Ultra Hat various approaches were tried. The high viscosity cellosize was replaced with a low viscosity grade with insufficient improvement showing up. At the same, time, water sensitivity was increased. Methocel and CMC were no better Protein systems provided better color results but viscosity control and package stability would be a new problem. Several pigment combinations of W-1Q, W-l6, M-361, W-I89, W-247, and calcium carbonates were tried. When Duramite or Carbium (CaCo?) were used in place of W-2^7 improve ments could'be obtained but at some sacrifice in hiding and no storage history was available. The retains will be checked at a later date. The old Ultra Flat pigment system with the new vehicle system looked better but field testB showed it was not good enough. Additional dispersants to the Calgon showed only minor improvements. For this the soaps in the VM-844 were added as extra wetting out agents, also CH-322, 195T2lf, CH-368, and CH-280. Replacing VM-841 with other latexes made minor differences in color uniformity. Some made the problem more severe, others showed little or no improvement. Among theBe were VM-725, VM-851, VM-835, Gen Flo 67 calcium stable latex. GLD011756 3 C-45 and. UBS 7001. Different types of shading bases vere substituted again vith no big improvement showing up. The best improvement with least deviation from standard formula consisted of eliminating the 8*131, CH-253, and W-l8g. Secondly the titanium was dispersed, first in the Calgon and Cellosize with the remaining inerts added as a separate Btep. This could conveniently be done on a Cowles and provided an added means of getting away from pebble milling. Plant trials were successful and there has been acceptance from the field but further improve ments are desired. 2. b) Two types of staining have been encountered in field application of Ultra Hat (and Y-5370)* Over highly alkaline plaster under humid conditions a discoloration shows up. On some cement and concrete block construction a brownish or yellowish stain can occur. In both case's the addition of to 3A I3 * nono ammonium phospate stops the discoloration in laboratory testing. No field trials have been available to fully confirm this. Other agents tried were sodium oxalate, tartrate, ben zoate, and carbonate, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate. Other changes in the formula made no improvements in cluding substitution of colloid, changing inerts, adding extra stabilizers. 3. a) To overcome the burnishing and poliBhing on spot washing of the proposed new flat satin various adjust ments were tried with little success. CMC was vised to replace cellosize to obtain different orientation properties of the film on drying, Calgon was replaced with Triton X-100, fatty acid amine soaps, water dis persible lecithin and Tamol dispersant. No pronounced change could be obtained. Soft clays were replaced with magnesium silicates and diatomaceous earth. Coarse calcium carbonates and increased mica were added but showed only minor improve ment. Replacing the VM-844 with harder experimental latexes did help somewhat but materials are too new to warrant a change at this time. Further work to be done. It was only after changing the inerts and increasing the latex content to develop a low sheen paint that burnishing could be minimized. The sheen masked the polish that develops on rubbing and spot washing. This work is just getting under way. GID011757 ELMWOOD RESEARCH CENTER QUARTERLY RESEARCH REPORT SECOND QUARTER, 1961 C-47 Subject: 16-47-009, Exterior Emulsion Paints Contributor: J. Watson Objective: Better Exterior Emulsion Paints Summary: No change contemplated in primecoat 1-3&01 D at the present time. Meanwhile, we are testing all latex primers with special emphasis on cationics. A short discussion is included which brings the Cowles Dis solver situation up to date, and points out some of our difficulties such as dilatency and poor grinds. The report concludes with a final report and disposition of 6 year old "portable exposure racks" at Cleveland. Discussion: . Emulsion Primers Our present No. 2 primer (Y-3601D) has been in production now for two years, and we have learned to live with most of its idiosyncrasies. The most peculiar habit of Y-3&01-D is its early pronounced gel-type viscosity. Although this gel is temporary in nature, and apparently quite harmless, it has been a cause for some concern. We have established that this gel stucture can be essentially eliminated, or at least greatly alleviated, by the addition of acetic acid to control the pH of the fresh paint. In addition to smoothing off this viscosity hump, the adjusted paint maintains a better color and appearance when aged. On the debit side however, we can Bhov that the acidified primer is less compatible with Spred H. P. topcoats, and that excessive acid additions can cause loss of dry. We are also concerned about can corrosion with acid-side material. We have decided to make no changes in the present Y-3601-D formula until certain policy matters such as color have been settled, and more opinions and reports have been received from the field. Within the last month, we have exposed two cationic primers on our new "Test House" at Elmwood. The primers are based on our previous plywood exposures, one is a FVAc and the ether a cationic version of VM-835. :. Use of Cowles Dissolver for Manufacture of S.H.P. As discussed in our last Quarterly jReport (pg. C-10) ve have tried to verify some of our lab. observations on plant equip ment. 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GLD011758 +<-> wrnv some ox uui xktAW* GLD011758 . - - _ Subject: 2 C-48 Atlanta and Reading have hoth made Covies hatches of SHP vith varying degrees of success. The conclusions vere as follovs: a) Many of the grinds are too dilatent for high speed equipment. Grinds vhich work in the pebble mill and the lab. Covies may go solid under the heat and speed of the plant Covle's. To remedy this dilatancy it vas nexessary to include all or nearly all of the 195-T-27 solution in the grind. Although this solves the dilatancy problem, it produces a "sloppy" grind vhich pulsates in the tank. b) The addition of the CH-380 to the grind containing T-27 causes very little change in the body of the mix. c) Great care is necessary vhen adding the ingredients to prevent the dilatent body from stalling the Covies. We have also checked several nev variations of W-24l (Ruby 400 talc) to see if ve could find a grade vith less coarse material, but as yet, none have shovn much promise. Portable Exposure Racks Final. Disposition. Early in 1956, in an effort to alleviate the chronic and perennial shortage of exposure area, 100 "portable ex posure racks" vere constructed. These racks vere designed to furnish, at a reasonable cost, a variety of exposure surfaces in a portable form. '. The racks surviving at the Cleveland Plant are in such a poor condition that they can serve no' further use, and are being destroyed. This report is an effort to record any information and conclusions available from these surfaces. Spred House Paint Candidates A series of 12 complete racks vere painted as follovs; 3 racks Silver Smoke, 3 racks Coralin, 3 racks Timberlin, and 3 racks White. Each rack vas painted vith 6 different polymers, B-60-K VM-725, Graft polymer, Lytron X-680, Cationic X-2590, and Glide-On (81-900). GLD011759 3 C-49 One rack of each color vaa exposed in Cleveland. After 5 years exposure the general situation is this, the first three polymers (B-60-K, VM-725, and Graft) are almost completely gone from all wood surfaces. The failure is probably erosion, no evidence of checking, cracking, or peeliiig. On the primed wood areas, the other three polymers look good with X-680 shoving more erosion than the other two. On the self-primed areas, only Glide-On looks satisfactory. Hack 1 C exposed 1/8/5U 4 -paints XM-53205 (an early Glide-On), Gelvatex y-1000, and XM-53028 (styrene-butadiene) This rack was almost bare; nearly all the paint had weathered and eroded off. Rack 2C 1 FVAc paints exposed 1/8/54 Smoke Gray, Coralin. Bamboo, and Spec. Blue. All paints are good on vert cedar, grain cracking on self-primed areas. 4-50 surfaces fair over primer only. Glazed Transite fair to good Red Bricks good. Cement Bricks - poor. Rack 3C exposed 4/18/54 4 colors of Glide-On (Y-3501, 2, 3# 4) self-primed and over Y-1851. Self-primed areas have the first coat reduced 1:1 with Y-3520. On vertical cedar all look very good, red bricks all look very good. Even the 45 exposure on cedar looks good. Yellow pine badly cracked. Rack 4c exposed 4/18/54 4 Glide-On colors (Y-3505, 6, 8 and 9) same schedule as rack 3C. All colors look good on vertical cedar, Aquamarine(Y-3508) is the poorest of the four. Red bricks look good, cement . bricks poor. 45 exposure good over primer poor self-primed. Rack 5C exposed 4/18/54 4 Qlide-On colors (Y-3507, 10, 11 and 12) same schedule as rack 3* All colors look good on vertical cedar, Y-3512 (Victoria) is poorest. Self-primed areas poor. Glazed Transite - good* GLD011760 -4- Hack 6C not found, Rack 7C exposed 8/l/54 4 paints, Gelvatex Fern, Y-3502, Endurance 1856, Gold Bond, Vertical Cedar, A - poor self-primed go.od primed area B - very good self-primed and primed C - very good self-primed -eroded primed D - poor both areas. Rack 8C exposed 8/l/54 4 paints Y-1050, Y-3500, Cook and Dunn, and Benj-Moore, (all vhite) All self-primed areas completely gone. Paint C is best of group on vert cedar. A and C look good on red brick. B and D look poor on red brick. All transites are quite poor. Rack 9C exposed 9/12/54 This rack exposed 4 paints over 2 priners,. The paints are Y-l800, GL-6426CA, Y-I867, and Y-3500. The two primers involved are Y-I85I and Y-34l6. All areas with Y-34l6 as primer have felled miserably regardless of topcoat. Over the Y-I85I, some paint remains, Y-1867 slightly better than Y-l800, the other tvo slightly poorer and about equal. Rack IOC exposed 9/12/54 Similar to rack 9C but 4 paints were exposed over 3 primers. The paints were Palm Green Ext, Pliolite, Turf Brown Ext Pliolite, Tobacco Brown End., and Desert Grown Glide-On. The primers are Y-1851, Y-3500 1:1 Y-3520, and Y-34l6. Under the Pliolite paints the Y-3500 is very poor and the Y-34l6 is poor. On the other areas Y-34l6 is poorest. The Tobacco Brown looks good. Rack 11C and 12C exposed 11/22/54 Glid Tints added at the rate of 4 oz. per gallon to 9 samples of Glide-On, also 1 sample of Y-l8o4 and Y-1217 shaded the same way. 1 area Y-3525 unshaded. 11C A Red Oxide B Ferrite Yellow C Chrome Yellow D Blue primed area good good all gone eroded GLD011761 5 C-51 11C cont. E Phthalo Green F Burnt Sienna primed area good good 12C A Toluidine B B-110 C Rav Umber D Y-3525 E Y-18CA F Y-1217 ray little color left good good poor condition grain crack good eroded good The tinted paints are all better than the Y-3525 hy it self. Color retention good except for Chrome Yellov. GLD011762 ELMWOOD RESEARCH CENTER QUARTERLY RESEARCH REPORT SECOND QUARTER, 19^1 Subject: # 16-56-009, Exterior Emulsion Paints Contributor: J. M. McLaughlin Objective: Better Exterior Emulsion Paints Through the Following Studies I Summary: 1. A further cost reduction in Speed Glide-On by using lower cost inert pigments appears practical. Panels have been exposed in the Weather-0-Meter and outside. 2. Glidden's R-88 my replace DuPont's W-170 in Spred House Paint. ] 3. Predispersed Slips of TiOa manufactured at Baltimore have been tested in Spred House Paint. Although these slips I at present contain a few undesirable characteristics, it is felt that work should continue on such a product. 1 4. A new dafoamer for Spred House Paint and Spred Glide-On is nearing approval. It should reduce foaming problems. I Discussion: 1. Low Cost Inert Pigments for Glide-On A new Glide-On formula has been recently Issued with a reduction in cost of 30 - 35 per gallon, without a reduction I in durability, and in fact, an increase in hiding. We are now attempting to further reduce the cost by the use of lower priced extender pigments. Some of these extender pigaenta show promise, and have been exposed in the white formula, in the Weather-0- I Meter and at the Elmwood Test Racks. 2. R-88 in Amine-Free Spred House Paint I R-btS was substituted for V-ltO in t'he new Spred House Paint Formula. The initial viscosity as well as the accelerated viscosity was equal to standard W-170* Panels have been i exposed in Cleveland and New Orleans, and if their character istics, (such as chalk, dirt retention, cracking, etc. .) are equal to W-170, then we will re-issue formulas containing Baltimore TiO^. 0 3. TiOp Slips in Spred House Paint Baltimore has proposed a very new and revolutionary idea in packaging TiOg. They make a slurry of HO2 70 $ RV. using Calgon as the dispersant. We received a sample of both Rutile and Anatase slips and checked them out in Spred House Paint.____ This is a new approach to the old time consuming problem of the grinding of dry titanium in a given formula. GL D011763 N 2280.01 2- C-54 It is felt that this is just one of the many uses -where a product of this type might be applied. It is even quite feasible to foresee a paint which would require absolutely no grinding. With the right combination of T102 slips, and some of the new "stir-in" inert pigments, this product could become a reality. Vhile checking the slips in Spred House Paint, it was found that all the physical character istics in the manufacture of the paint were equal to those of Spred House Paint using dry TiOg. Also the initial and accelerated viscosities were on par with the standard. However, a slight hiding deficiency was noted in the paint containing the slips, and a Green Reflectance Check was made on the Colormaster. Contrast Ratio results were: Dry TiOg .950 Slips .943. A problem exists in the fact that the dispersant for the slips is Calgon. These slips could not be used in any latex paints containing ammonia and a source of magnesium, such as talc. In plant production of such paint we would expect to find crystals of magnesium ammonium phosphate. This problem could possibly be eliminated by the substi tution of Victamide or other dispersants for the Calgon* 4. Glide-On and Spred House Paint Defoamer New Glide-On and Spred House Paint formulas containing a new defoamer manufactured by Hercules Powder Co, are nearing approval. This defoamerisHercules 357-which is unusual due to the fact that it is quite effective in various types of latices. The Glidden Code No. for this product is CH-447. GL0O11764 ELMWOOD RESEARCH CENTER QUARTERLY RESEARCH REPORT SECOND QUARTER, 196l ' C-55 Subject: # 16-47-009, Exterior Emulsion Paints Contributors: Earl Saville Objectives: To Improve Flow of Spred House Paint To Evaluate Fungicidal Properties of Reactive Pigments Summary: 1. Fair to good shelf viscosity has been obtained with alkali soluble acrylic thickeners, Hovever, the viscosity has not been stabilized against violent agitation or storage at high temperature for long periods. 2. Filming aids with alkali soluble acrylic thickeners were evaluated. 3. A series of alkali soluble acrylic thickeners made by the Resin Emulsion Laboratory were evaluated. The viscosities in the systems tested were too high. 4. The amount of ammonium hydroxide with Rhoplex T-123 thickener does not seem to be too critical. 5. Paints were made with Busan 11 K-l as part of the pigment. Lytron X-684 was required for emulsion stability. 6. Paints were made with zinc oxide as part of the pigment. Lytron X-684 was required for emulsion stability. Discussion: As reported in the Fourth Quarterly Research Report, 1961, (C-21) the viscosity of paints thickened with Rhoplex T-123 is influenced by the amount of thickener, the pH, the solids content, the type or types of surfactants and the latex. Generally speaking, the paints made with a mixture of Aliped. CO-436, Tamol 731, ana RCR-0900UB have become too heavy. The paints made with Victamide, Surfynol TG, and Tamol 731 generally have increased in viscosity the first two months and then have held a stable viscosity for the next 6 to 7 months, Hovever, it must be noted there have been exceptions aid. some paints with the Victamide system have increased in viscosity. Severe agitation or shaking of paints made with alkali soluble acrylic thickeners (Rhoplex T-123 et al) causes the gel structure to break down and the recovery rate is very slow. Work is in progress to reduce the thixotropy of the paints. It might be necessary to prohibit shaking of this type of paint. Heat stability tests, l40F. for two weeks have Indicated an increase in viscosity but did not adversely affect the leveling properties. GLOO11765 N 2280.02 2 c -56' Mr. Visger, Resin Emulsion Laboratory, made a series of alkali soluble acrylic emulsions; 1214-1, 1214-3, 1214-4, and 1214-5] as replacements for Rhoplex T-123. Substitution on an equal weight basis produced high viscosities and the paints were not usable. A reduction in the amounts of thickener latex has given satisfactory viscosity levels to date but the paints seem "short" and the leveling is slightly inferior. The influence of the amount of ammonium hydroxide on the vis cosity of Rhoplex T-123 was checked by using 1.0, 2.0, 3*0/ 4.0, 5 aud 6,0 # per 100 gallons of paint. The pH increased with increasing amounts of ammonium hydroxide but there was no significant differences in the viscosity or gel character istics. The affects of filming aids or solvents were determined by substituting 15 pounds of the solvent for water in the hundred gallon formula. Pine oil. Butyl Cellosolve, Butyl Cellosolve Acetate, Butyl Carbitol Acetate, n-hexyl Cellosolve, and nHexyl Carbitol destroyed the gelling power of Rhoplex T-123 and there was no viscosity increase. Loral 20 (n-octyl alcohol) gave good initial viscosity, how ever it has dropped slightly on aging. Hexylene glycol and ethylene glycol reduced the amount of gelling as compared to water. Hexylene glycol gave a lower viscosity than ethylene glycol. None of the above filming aids appears to have improved the water resistance. The comparison was made by immersing draw downs on glass in water. Reactive Pigments in Spred House Paint; Busan 11-Ml Buckman Laboratories Inc. Busan 11 was tested in a Lytron 650 formula by replacing part of the titanium dioxide and talc and all of the Al-Sil-Ate W. The pigment flocculated and the paint became solid in three days. Lytron X-684 was substituted for X-680. This paint was slightly better but has become heavy and unusable. Daxad 30 and Igepal CO-63O as dispersants for Busan 11 and Lytron X-684 has had fair to good viscosity stability to date with no noticeable flocculation. GL0011766 3 c-57 Zinc Oxide X-505, Zinc Oxide, New Jersey Zinc Sales Co., was checked using tetra potassium pyrophosphate and Daxad 30 ds the dispersants with Lytron X-684. There has been a 30 Ku increase in viscosity but the other properties still seem satisf&otoiy. Eagle Picher # 417 Zinc oxide was tested using Victamide and Igepal CA-619 as the dispersants with Lytron X-684. This paint is still in satisfactory condition. GL0011767 . ELMWOOD RESEARCH CENTER QUARTERLY RESEARCH REPORT SECOND QUARTER, 1961 c-59 Subject: Contributor: Objective: Summary: # 16-56-009, Exterior Emulsion Paints t J. Sainsbury Evaluation of the Dramatone tinting system and a nev defoamer for Spred House Paint and Spred Glide-On. 1. Dramatones in Spred House Paint and Spred Glide-On. An evaluation of a nev series of Dramatones from California Ink produced excellent dispersion of all colors. 2. A tinting white formula for Spred House Paint is being considered. This will be used for tintB and intermixes. 3. M-367 defoamer in Y-3500 has been replaced with CH-447 (Hercules 357)* 4. Revised Y-36OO line (VM-B30) formulas have been re issued. These formulas vill.serve as alternates for VM-835 formulas. 5. The effect of sodium tripoly-phosphate as a defLocculant dispersant of titanium dioxide in Y-3525 has been evaluated. Discussion: Dramatones - Dispersion of a nev series In 8.H.P. and 8.G.~0* (Spred Bouse Paint and Spred Glide-On.) The California Ink Co. has recently provided us vith samples of a series of Dramatones based on a nev vehicle. Testing of Dramatones in Spred Glide-On and Spred House Paint for dispersion, by adding oz. of Dramatone to pt. of paint (4 oz./gal.), and shaking for 3 in. on a red Devil Paint Shaker, produced perfect dispersion of all colors. As a result of the above evaluation exterior exposure panels have been prepared for Cleveland and Nev Orleans of the Dramatones in Spred Glide-On. A recommendation vill be made regarding the use of Dramatones in Spied Glide-On as soon as sufficient exposure data has been collected. Exposures of Dramatone in Spred House Paint are being delayed pending an approval of a tinting white for the Spred House Raint line. GL0011768 N 2280.03 2 C-60 Spred House Paint - Tinting White for Drama-tones and Intermixes. A tinting white formulation to add to the Spred House Paint line is currently being considered. This paint would basically be the current Y-3^00 formula at tO FVC (Y-3600 is 50 PVC) with a re duced T1P2 level. Two main advantages would be gained by the introduction of a tinting white: 1.) The chalking level of the intermixed colors would be held to a minimum, as would Dramaton mixes. 2.) We would have a vhite house paint with a reduced chalking level, which would be useful in areas where a lesser chalking white than Y-3600 might be desireable. Spred Glide-On - Defoamer Change The entire Y-3500 line formulas have been reissued replacing Ba-Lab Bubble Breaker (M-367) with Hercules 357 (CH-hi-7) defoamer. The rather severe foaming problem during manufacture and application of Spred Glide-On should be eliminated by this change. Spred House Paint - Formula Changes - Revision of VM-83O Formulas The Y-3600 line formulas containing VM-83O latex (Lytron X-680) have, been brought up to date and reissued. These formulas will serve as alternates wherever VM-835 (Glidden-Latex) is not available. Colloid 6l9 defoamer has been replaced by Hercules' 357 (CH-IA7) in these formulas. In the near future the Y-3600- VM-835 formulas will be reissued replacing Colloid 6l9 with Hercules 357. Spred Glide-On-Diapersion of Titanium Dioxide A study of the use of sodium tripolyphosphate in Spred Glide-On as a deflocculant-dispersant to determine the most advantageous level from the standpoint of optimum dispersion of the TiOg has been carried out. GL DO 11769 3 C-6l Several grinds were made UBing various amounts, up to twice the current level being used in Y-3525, to determine its effect on the general dispersion of the pigments, Ti02 in particular. Initially, no difference vias noted in paints made with the various levels of sod. tripolyphosphate with the exception that if less than 2/3 the Y-3525 formula level is used, dispersion is poor with a resultant loss in hiding. We vill continue to check these paints periodically for possible flocculation during storage. With the advent of high speed dispersing equipment replacing pebble mills, it has become very evident that it is necessary to examine the raw materials in our formulas more critically to determine their effect under various grinding conditions at varying amounts. We hope to do more work in this area as time permits. GL0011770